FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Meyer, CFJ Kalko, EKV AF Meyer, Christoph F. J. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Bat assemblages on Neotropical land-bridge islands: nested subsets and null model analyses of species co-occurrence patterns SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE assembly rules; Chiroptera; habitat fragmentation; land-bridge islands; nestedness; species co-occurrence ID COMMUNITY ECOLOGY; GROUND BEETLES; NEUTRAL MODELS; LAKE ISLANDS; RULES; RODENT; PANAMA; FRAGMENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE AB A fundamental goal of ecology is to understand whether ecological communities are structured according to general assembly rules or are essentially dictated by random processes. In the context of fragmentation, understanding assembly patterns and their mechanistic basis also has important implications for conservation. Using distribution data of 20 bat species collected on 11 islands in Gatun Lake, Panama, we tested for non-randomness in presence-absence matrices with respect to nestedness and negative species co-occurrence. We examined the causal basis for the observed patterns and conducted separate analyses for the entire assemblage and for various species submatrices reflecting differences in species' trophic position and mobility. Furthermore, we explored the influence of weighting factors (area, isolation, abundance) on co-occurrence analyses. Unweighted analyses revealed a significant negative co-occurrence pattern for the entire assemblage and for phytophagous bats alone. Weighting analyses by isolation retained a pattern of species segregation for the whole assemblage but nullified the non-random structure for phytophagous bats and suggested negative associations for animalivores and species with low mobility. Area- and abundance-weighted analyses always indicated random structuring. Bat distributions followed a nested subset structure across islands, regardless of whether all species or different submatrices were analysed. Nestedness was in all cases unrelated to island area but weakly correlated with island isolation for incidence matrices of all species, phytophagous bats, and mobile species. Overall, evidence for negative interspecific interactions indicative of competitive effects was weak, corroborating previous studies based on ecomorphological analyses. Our findings indicate that bat assemblages on our study islands are most strongly shaped by isolation effects and species' differential movement and colonization ability. From a conservation viewpoint this suggests that even in systems with high fragment-matrix contrast, a purely area-based approach may be inadequate, and structural and functional connectivity among patches are important to consider in reserve planning. C1 [Meyer, Christoph F. J.; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Meyer, CFJ (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM christoph.meyer@uni-ulm.de RI Meyer, Christoph/A-4363-2012 OI Meyer, Christoph/0000-0001-9958-8913 NR 69 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1366-9516 EI 1472-4642 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 644 EP 654 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00462.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311QB UT WOS:000256613600009 ER PT J AU Boyero, L Rincon, PA Pearson, RG AF Boyero, Luz Rincon, Pedro A. Pearson, Richard G. TI Effects of a predatory fish on a tropical detritus-based food web SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE behaviour; chemical cues; leaf breakdown; trophic cascade; tropical streams ID NEW-ZEALAND STREAMS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; LEAF BREAKDOWN; MAYFLY LARVAE; TOP-DOWN; RISK; CONSEQUENCES; DIVERSITY AB In contrast to that for grazing systems, relatively little information exists for trophic cascades in detritus-based stream food webs, which are predominant in forested headwater streams. Predator-prey interactions are thought to be weak in these systems, but studies are very scarce, their results are equivocal, and they do not separate the effect of direct consumption from a behavioural response of shredders. We examined the effect of predatory fish on leaf litter breakdown in headwater tropical Australian streams at three levels: (1) the behavioural response of shredder species to predator presence as indicated by chemical cues; (2) the rates of leaf breakdown resulting from shredder activity; and (3) the relationship between shredder species richness and leaf breakdown rates. Our results suggest that predatory fish can have a trait-mediated effect on detritus-based food webs in streams, by reducing consumer activity. We identified reductions in short-term overall activity in response to the presence of predatory fish cues, comparable to those found for grazers. We also observed a visible, albeit statistically non-significant, reduction in consumption rates. Shredder species richness did not affect leaf breakdown rates, and fish presence did not modify this relationship or the differences in breakdown rates among species, suggesting that the overall reduction in leaf breakdown caused by fish presence is due to a reduction in activity in every species. Thus, our laboratory studies have shown that there can be a behavioural basis for trait-mediated trophic cascades linked to fish presence in detrital food webs in streams. However, the strength of fish effects depends on environmental circumstances, and field studies of litter breakdown in streams with and without predatory fish are required if we are to elucidate the ecological significance of our observations. C1 [Boyero, Luz; Pearson, Richard G.] James Cook Univ, Sch Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Boyero, Luz] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Freshwater Lab, Balboa, Panama. [Rincon, Pedro A.] CSIC, Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodiversidad & Biol, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Boyero, L (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM luz.boyero@jcu.edu.au RI Boyero, Luz/L-5822-2014; OI Boyero, Luz/0000-0001-7366-9299; Pearson, Richard/0000-0001-6047-031X NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1007/s11284-007-0424-6 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322SJ UT WOS:000257395300002 ER PT J AU Poorter, L Wright, SJ Paz, H Ackerly, DD Condit, R Ibarra-Manriques, G Harms, KE Licona, JC Martinez-Ramos, M Mazer, SJ Muller-Landau, HC Pena-Claros, M Webb, CO Wright, IJ AF Poorter, L. Wright, S. J. Paz, H. Ackerly, D. D. Condit, R. Ibarra-Manriques, G. Harms, K. E. Licona, J. C. Martinez-Ramos, M. Mazer, S. J. Muller-Landau, H. C. Pena-Claros, M. Webb, C. O. Wright, I. J. TI Are functional traits good predictors of demographic rates? Evidence from five Neotropical forests SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; functional ecology; height; life-history theory; seed mass; shade tolerance; species coexistence; specific leaf area; trees; tropical rain forest; wood density ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST; SEED MASS; WOOD DENSITY; LOS-TUXTLAS; LEAF TRAITS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; PIONEER TREES; PLANT TRAITS AB A central goal of comparative plant ecology is to understand how functional traits vary among species and to what extent this variation has adaptive value. Here we evaluate relationships between four functional traits (seed volume, specific leaf area, wood density, and adult stature) and two demographic attributes (diameter growth and tree mortality) for large trees of 240 tree species from five Neotropical forests. We evaluate how these key functional traits are related to survival and growth and whether similar relationships between traits and demography hold across different tropical forests. There was a tendency for a trade-off between growth and survival across rain forest tree species. Wood density, seed volume, and adult stature were significant predictors of growth and/or mortality. Both growth and mortality rates declined with an increase in wood density. This is consistent with greater construction costs and greater resistance to stem damage for denser wood. Growth and mortality rates also declined as seed volume increased. This is consistent with an adaptive syndrome in which species tolerant of low resource availability (in this case shade-tolerant species) have large seeds to establish successfully and low inherent growth and mortality rates. Growth increased and mortality decreased with an increase in adult stature, because taller species have a greater access to light and longer life spans. Specific leaf area was, surprisingly, only modestly informative for the performance of large trees and had ambiguous relationships with growth and survival. Single traits accounted for 9-55% of the interspecific variation in growth and mortality rates at individual sites. Significant correlations with demographic rates tended to be similar across forests and for phylogenetically independent contrasts as well as for cross-species analyses that treated each species as an independent observation. In combination, the morphological traits explained 41% of the variation in growth rate and 54% of the variation in mortality rate, with wood density being the best predictor of growth and mortality. Relationships between functional traits and demographic rates were statistically similar across a wide range of Neotropical forests. The consistency of these results strongly suggests that tropical rain forest species face similar trade-offs in different sites and converge on similar sets of solutions. C1 [Poorter, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Poorter, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Resource Ecol Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Poorter, L.; Licona, J. C.; Pena-Claros, M.] Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Casilla 6204, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [Wright, S. J.; Condit, R.; Harms, K. E.; Muller-Landau, H. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Paz, H.; Ibarra-Manriques, G.; Martinez-Ramos, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Ecosistemas, Morelia 58190, Michoacan, Mexico. [Ackerly, D. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harms, K. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Mazer, S. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Muller-Landau, H. C.] Dept Ecol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Webb, C. O.] Harvard Univ Hebaria, Arnold Arboretum Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wright, I. J.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Poorter, L (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM lourens.poorter@wur.nl RI Wright, Ian/G-4979-2012; Ackerly, David/A-1247-2009; Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; OI Wright, Ian/0000-0001-8338-9143; Ackerly, David/0000-0002-1847-7398; Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Webb, Campbell/0000-0003-1031-3249 NR 76 TC 220 Z9 236 U1 13 U2 136 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUL PY 2008 VL 89 IS 7 BP 1908 EP 1920 DI 10.1890/07-0207.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 331JC UT WOS:000258007500013 PM 18705377 ER PT J AU Orihel, DM Paterson, MJ Blanchfield, PJ Bodaly, RA Gilmour, CC Hintelmann, H AF Orihel, Diane M. Paterson, Michael J. Blanchfield, Paul J. Bodaly, R. A. Drew Gilmour, Cynthia C. Hintelmann, Holger TI Temporal changes in the distribution, methylation, and bioaccumulation of newly deposited mercury in an aquatic ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant CY AUG 06-11, 2006 CL Madison, WI SP Univ Wisconsin Madison, US Geol Survey, Univ Wisconsin La Crosse DE mercury isotope; atmospheric deposition; bioavailability; food web; fish ID INORGANIC MERCURY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; YELLOW PERCH; LOADING RATE; METHYLMERCURY; WATER; LAKES; FOOD; ELIMINATION AB Our objective was to examine how the behavior of atmospheric mercury (Hg) deposited to boreal lake mesocosms changed over time. We added inorganic Hg enriched in a different stable isotope in each of two years, which allowed us to differentiate between Hg added in the first and second year. Although inorganic Hg and methymercury (MeHg) continued to accumulate in sediments throughout the experiment, the availability of MeHg to the food web declined within one year. This decrease was detected in periphyton, zooplankton, and water mites, but not in gomphid larvae, amphipods, or fish. We suggest that reductions in atmospheric Hg deposition should lead to decreases in MeHg concentrations in biota, but that changes will be more easily detected in short-lived pelagic species than long-lived species associated with benthic food webs. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Orihel, Diane M.] Univ Manitoba, Clayton H Riddell Facul Environm Earth & Resource, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Orihel, Diane M.; Paterson, Michael J.; Blanchfield, Paul J.; Bodaly, R. A. Drew] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Inst, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Gilmour, Cynthia C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hintelmann, Holger] Trent Univ, Dept Chem, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Orihel, DM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada. EM orihel@ualberta.ca RI Orihel, Diane/G-5462-2011; Guzman Bernardo, Francisco Javier/E-4183-2010; Gilmour, Cynthia/G-1784-2010; OI Guzman Bernardo, Francisco Javier/0000-0002-2210-8309; Gilmour, Cynthia/0000-0002-1720-9498; Hintelmann, Holger/0000-0002-5287-483X NR 30 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 77 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.12.030 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320TS UT WOS:000257258500009 PM 18272273 ER PT J AU Nice, AJ Lung, WS Riedel, GF AF Nice, Alex J. Lung, Wu-Seng Riedel, Gerhardt F. TI Modeling arsenic in the Patuxent Estuary SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONTROL; NATURAL-WATERS; SEDIMENTS; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; SEAWATER; LAKE; TRANSPORT; OXIDATION AB A water quality model was developed to track the fate and transport of four arsenic species in the Patuxent Estuary: arsenate (As(V)), arsenite (As(III)), methylarsonate (MMA), and dimethylarsinate (DMA). Processes simulated include mass transport, solid-liquid partitioning with suspended solids, uptake and transformation of As(V) by phytoplankton, oxidation of As(III), demethylation of MMA and DMA, and settling/deposition/resuspension of particulate arsenic in the water column. A sediment module was also developed and linked with the water column to generate fluxes of inorganic arsenic from the sediment bed. The arsenic model was calibrated using water quality data from the Patuxent Estuary over a period ranging from May 24, 1995 to October 29, 1997. Model results indicated that transformation of arsenic by phytoplankton is not a significant source of DMA to the lower Patuxent. Instead, results suggested that the primary source of methylated arsenic (DMA and MMA) to the lower estuary is beyond the downstream boundary (Chesapeake Bay). However, model results supported the hypothesis that flux of arsenic from the sediment is a significant source of inorganic arsenic to the lower estuary. C1 [Nice, Alex J.; Lung, Wu-Seng] Univ Virginia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Riedel, Gerhardt F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Lung, WS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM wl@virginia.edu NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 13 BP 4804 EP 4810 DI 10.1021/es702452e PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320GB UT WOS:000257220600035 PM 18678009 ER PT J AU Williams, ST Duda, TF AF Williams, Suzanne T. Duda, Thomas F., Jr. TI Did tectonic activity stimulate Oligo-Miocene speciation in the Indo-West Pacific? SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE biogeography; cladogenesis; diversification; gastropods; marine tropics ID DIVERSIFICATION RATES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; MOLLUSCAN FAUNA; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; ORIGINS; ECHINOLITTORINA AB Analyses of molecular phylogenies of three unrelated tropical marine gastropod genera, Turbo, Echinolittorina, and Conus, reveal an increase in the rate of cladogenesis of some Indo-West Pacific (IWP) clades beginning in the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene between 23.7 and 21.0 million years ago. in all three genera, clades with an increased rate of diversification reach a maximum of diversity, in terms of species richness, in the central IWP. Congruence in both the geographical location and the narrow interval of timing suggests a common cause. The collision of the Australia and New Guinea plate with the southeast extremity of the Eurasian plate approximately 25 Mya resulted in geological changes to the central IWP, including an increase in shallow-water areas and length. of coastline, and the creation of a mosaic of distinct habitats. This was followed by a period of rapid diversification of zooxanthellate corals between 20 and 25 Mya. The findings reported here provide the first molecular evidence from multiple groups that part of the present-day diversity of shallow-water gastropods in the IWP arose from a rapid pulse of speciation when new habitats became available in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene. After the new habitats were filled, the rate of speciation likely decreased and this combined with high levels of extinction (in some groups), resulted in a slow down in the rate of diversification in the genera examined. C1 [Williams, Suzanne T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. [Duda, Thomas F., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, Thomas F., Jr.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, Thomas F., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Williams, ST (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM s.williams@nhm.ac.uk; tfduda@umich.edu RI Williams, Suzanne/A-9604-2008 OI Williams, Suzanne/0000-0003-2995-5823 NR 72 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 23 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD JUL PY 2008 VL 62 IS 7 BP 1618 EP 1634 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00399.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 322PC UT WOS:000257386800007 PM 18410535 ER PT J AU Cottrell, E Fei, Y Ricolleau, A Prakapenka, V AF Cottrell, E. Fei, Y. Ricolleau, A. Prakapenka, V. TI Obtaining D-Ni(met/sil) in the LHDAC SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Cottrell, E.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fei, Y.; Ricolleau, A.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Prakapenka, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM CottrellE@si.edu; y.fei@gl.ciw.edu; aricolleau@gl.ciw.edu; prakapenka@cars.uchicago.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A183 EP A183 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600373 ER PT J AU Hazen, RM Papineau, D Bleeker, W Downs, RT Ferry, JM McCoy, TJ Sverjensky, DA Yang, H AF Hazen, R. M. Papineau, D. Bleeker, W. Downs, R. T. Ferry, J. M. McCoy, T. J. Sverjensky, D. A. Yang, H. TI Mineralogical coevolution of the geo- and biospheres SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Hazen, R. M.; Papineau, D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Bleeker, W.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. [Downs, R. T.; Yang, H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ferry, J. M.; Sverjensky, D. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM rhazen@ciw.edu RI Sverjensky, Dimitri/A-4612-2017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A360 EP A360 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301600726 ER PT J AU Lee, SR Walker, RJ Mccoy, TJ McDonough, WF AF Lee, S. R. Walker, R. J. McCoy, T. J. McDonough, W. F. TI Re-187-Os-187 isotopic and highly siderophile element (HSE)systematics of pallasites SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID IIIAB IRONS C1 [Lee, S. R.] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Geol & Geoinformat Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea. [Walker, R. J.; McDonough, W. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM leesr@kigam.re.kr; rjwalker@geol.umd.edu; mccoy.tim@nmnh.si.edu; mcdonouah@geol.umd.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A528 EP A528 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601319 ER PT J AU Lopano, CL Heaney, PJ Post, JE AF Lopano, C. L. Heaney, P. J. Post, J. E. TI Mechanisms of crystal growth for birnessite at low temperatures SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Lopano, C. L.] RJ Lee Grp Inc, Monroeville, PA 15146 USA. [Heaney, P. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Post, J. E.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM CLopano@rjlg.com; heaney@geosc.psu.edu; postj@si.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A568 EP A568 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301601399 ER PT J AU Ricolleau, A Fei, Y Cottrell, E Watson, H Zhang, L Fiquet, G Auzende, A Roskosz, M Morard, G Prakapenka, V AF Ricolleau, A. Fei, Y. Cottrell, E. Watson, H. Zhang, L. Fiquet, G. Auzende, A. Roskosz, M. Morard, G. Prakapenka, V. TI New constraints on the pyrolitic model under lower mantle conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Ricolleau, A.; Fei, Y.; Watson, H.; Zhang, L.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Cottrell, E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Fiquet, G.; Auzende, A.] IMPMC, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Paris, France. [Morard, G.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Prakapenka, V.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM a.ricolleau@gl.ciw.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A795 EP A795 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602115 ER PT J AU Schmidt, ME Grunder, AL AF Schmidt, Mariek E. Grunder, Anita L. TI The similar to 400 ky geochemicall and tectonic history of North Sister, a seemingly monotonous maric volcano in the Central OR Cascade Arc SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Schmidt, Mariek E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Grunder, Anita L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM schmidtm@si.edu; grundera@geo.oregonstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A835 EP A835 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602194 ER PT J AU Simons, KK Harlow, GE Brueckner, HK Goldstein, SL Sorensen, SS Hemming, NG Langmuir, CH AF Simons, K. K. Harlow, G. E. Brueckner, H. K. Goldstein, S. L. Sorensen, S. S. Hemming, N. G. Langmuir, C. H. TI U isotopes in HP-LT rocks: Insights into the role of sediment-derived fluids SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Simons, K. K.; Brueckner, H. K.; Goldstein, S. L.; Hemming, N. G.] L DEO, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Harlow, G. E.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Brueckner, H. K.; Hemming, N. G.] CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Sorensen, S. S.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Langmuir, C. H.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ksimons@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A869 EP A869 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602263 ER PT J AU Sorensen, SS Sisson, VB Harlow, GE AF Sorensen, S. S. Sisson, V. B. Harlow, G. E. TI Fluids and the REE and O-isotopes of albitite, jadeitite and jadeite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY JUL, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA C1 [Sorensen, S. S.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Min Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sisson, V. B.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX USA. EM sorensen@si.edu; ji_sisson@netzero.com; gharlow@amnh.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 12 SU 1 BP A885 EP A885 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 321JU UT WOS:000257301602294 ER PT J AU Rappole, JH Rasmussen, PC Aung, T Milensky, CM Renner, SC AF Rappole, John H. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Aung, Thein Milensky, Christopher M. Renner, Swen C. TI Observations on a new species: the Naung Mung Scimitar-Babbler Jabouilleia naungmungensis SO IBIS LA English DT Article DE distribution; foraging; habitat; Jabouilleia naungmungensis; Naung Mung Scimitar-Babbler; plumages; song ID MYANMAR C1 [Rappole, John H.; Renner, Swen C.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool & Museum, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Aung, Thein] W Gyogone Insein, Dept Forestry, Nat & Wildlife Conservat Div, Yangon, Myanmar. [Milensky, Christopher M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Rappole, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM rappolej@si.edu RI Renner, Swen/J-3502-2014 OI Renner, Swen/0000-0002-6893-4219 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-1019 J9 IBIS JI Ibis PD JUL PY 2008 VL 150 IS 3 BP 623 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00815.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 327DQ UT WOS:000257710200018 ER PT J AU Kalko, EKV Villegas, SE Schmidt, M Wegmann, M Meyer, CFJ AF Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Villegas, Sergio Estrada Schmidt, Michael Wegmann, Martin Meyer, Christoph F. J. TI Flying high - assessing the use of the aerosphere by bats SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-06, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; PHYLLOSTOMID BATS; MACROPHYLLUM-MACROPHYLLUM; MICRONYCTERIS-MICROTIS; ECHOLOCATION CALLS; NEOTROPICAL BATS; TROPICAL FOREST; SPATIAL SCALE; EATING BATS AB Bats feature prominently among organisms that occupy the aerosphere as they extensively use this environment for foraging, but also for dispersal, migration, and behavioral interactions. Differential use of the aerosphere is an important factor structuring bat assemblages, with species exhibiting distinct morphological, physiological, and sensory adaptations to different habitat types. This necessitates comprehensive sampling methodologies such as combined ground-level and canopy-level mist netting as well as acoustic monitoring to assess the presence, diversity, and activity of different functional groups of species adequately. Recent technological advances in acoustic detection and in methods of analysis, coupled with the expansion of libraries of echolocation calls for species identification, now allow for the reliable quantification of species numbers and activity of the scarcely known group of aerial insectivorous bats, particularly in species-rich tropical assemblages. We provide a brief, exemplary overview of recent studies on bats conducted in Panama to demonstrate the necessity of comprehensive sampling methods and application of new technologies in order to adequately depict assemblage composition and responses of bats to structural changes in habitats induced by fragmentation. In addition to acoustic methods, miniaturization of radio transmitters has provided new insights into the patterns of spatial use of the aerosphere by bats and has identified species-specific differences in mobility as one of the important traits that determines bats' reactions to anthropogenic alterations of the landscape. Following the goals of the symposium on aeroecology, we propose new avenues of research for probing the aerosphere. We discuss how integration of a diverse array of remote sensing tools with data on species distribution and species traits, such as mobility and edge-sensitivity, might provide novel opportunities for the development, and application of conservation-oriented monitoring systems. C1 [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.; Meyer, Christoph F. J.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Villegas, Sergio Estrada] Univ Los Andes, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Ecol Vertebrados, Bogota, Colombia. [Schmidt, Michael; Wegmann, Martin] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Remote Sensing, Inst Geog, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. [Schmidt, Michael; Wegmann, Martin] German Aerosp Ctr, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Kalko, EKV (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 1, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM elisabeth.kalko@uni-ulm.de RI Meyer, Christoph/A-4363-2012; OI Meyer, Christoph/0000-0001-9958-8913; Wegmann, Martin/0000-0003-0335-9601 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 60 EP 73 DI 10.1093/icb/icn030 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 325GS UT WOS:000257577700006 PM 21669773 ER PT J AU Srygley, RB Dudley, R AF Srygley, Robert B. Dudley, Robert TI Optimal strategies for insects migrating in the flight boundary layer: mechanisms and consequences SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 02-06, 2008 CL San Antonio, TX SP Soc Integrat & Comparat Biol ID WIND DRIFT COMPENSATION; NATURAL FREE-FLIGHT; MONARCH BUTTERFLIES; DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; NEOTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES; POLARIZATION VISION; BIRD MIGRATION; SUN COMPASS; LEPIDOPTERA; HONEYBEES AB Directed aerial displacement requires that a volant organism's airspeed exceeds ambient wind speed. For biologically relevant altitudes, wind speed increases exponentially with increased height above the ground. Thus, dispersal of most insects is influenced by atmospheric conditions. However, insects that fly close to the Earth's surface displace within the flight boundary layer where insect airspeeds are relatively high. Over the past 17 years, we have studied boundary-layer insects by following individuals as they migrate across the Caribbean Sea and the Panama Canal. Although most migrants evade either drought or cold, nymphalid and pierid butterflies migrate across Panama near the onset of the rainy season. Dragonflies of the genus Pantala migrate in October concurrently with frontal weather systems. Migrating the furthest and thereby being the most difficult to study, the diurnal moth Urania fulgens migrates between Central and South America. Migratory butterflies and dragonflies are capable of directed movement towards a preferred compass direction in variable winds, whereas the moths drift with winds over water. Butterflies orient using both global and local cues. Consistent with optimal migration theory, butterflies and dragonflies adjust their flight speeds in ways that maximize migratory distance traveled per unit fuel, whereas the moths do not. Moreover, only butterflies adjust their flight speed in relation to endogenous fat reserves. It is likely that these insects use optic flow to gauge their speed and drift, and thus must migrate where sufficient detail in the Earth's surface is visible to them. The abilities of butterflies and dragonflies to adjust their airspeed over water indicate sophisticated control and guidance systems pertaining to migration. C1 [Srygley, Robert B.] USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Srygley, Robert B.; Dudley, Robert] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Dudley, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM robert.srygley@ars.usda.gov NR 81 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 119 EP 133 DI 10.1093/icb/icn011 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 325GS UT WOS:000257577700011 PM 21669778 ER PT J AU Salam, A AF Salam, A. TI Molecular quantum electrodynamics in the Heisenberg picture: A field theoretic viewpoint SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE molecular quantum electrodynamics; Heisenberg picture; Maxwell fields; resonance energy transfer; dispersion interactions; many-body forces ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; NON-RELATIVISTIC SOURCES; RETARDED DISPERSION INTERACTION; ZIENAU-WOOLLEY TRANSFORMATION; MOVING ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; CHIRAL MOLECULES; POYNTING VECTOR; NONRELATIVISTIC SOURCES AB Quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the physical theory that describes the interaction of electrons and photons at a fundamental level. Its characteristic feature is that the radiation field, as well as the system of material particles, obeys the Postulates Of quantum mechanics. A rigorous non-relativistic formulation of this theory applicable to atoms and molecules has also been developed and applied with outstanding Success to a number of processes of interest to chemical physicists, being most commonly explicated for a system of charged particles coupled to the electromagnetic field, with the latter second quantized. Calculations are Subsequently carried Out in the Schrodinger picture. In the last twenty-five years or so, considerable work Oil Coulomb gauge QED of molecules has been performed in the Heisenberg representation of quantum mechanics by adopting a completely field theoretic point of view. The methods and results Of this approach, which offer significant advantages over conventional perturbative techniques for the solution of a number of problems, are reviewed. Beginning with the second quantized Multipolar Hamiltonian, the Heisenberg equations of motion for the fermion and boson creation and annihilation operators are obtained. In the electric dipole approximation these are used to evaluate the Maxwell field operators in the proximity of a source in series of powers or the transition moment on iteration. Comparison is then made with the analogous fields computed in the minimal-coupling scheme. Formulae are also given for the Fields of a Moving Source of charge. Two observables of the electromagnetic Field associated with a stationary distribution of charge, namely the Poynting vector and the energy density, are then calculated. The Source fields are then used in a response theory formalism to calculate the resonant transfer of energy between an excited and an unexcited pair Of Molecules, and the retarded van der Waals dispersion energy shift between two excited electric dipole polarizable molecules, from which the results when one or both of the pair is in the ground electronic state, are easily derivable. Extension of response theory to many-body dispersion forces is then Outlined, with explicit results being given for the retarded correction to the Axilrod-Teller-Muto three-body interaction energy. C1 [Salam, A.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Salam, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Salam, A (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM salama@wfu.edu FU National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Astrophysical Laboratory FX This work was (partially) supported by the National Science Foundation through it grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Laboratory. The author gratefully acknowledges the award of a Visiting Fellowship at ITAMP and the hospitality accorded to him there. NR 115 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 405 EP 448 DI 10.1080/01442350802045206 PG 44 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 344GU UT WOS:000258915700002 ER PT J AU Segarra-Carmona, AE Santiago-Blay, JA Escudero, J AF Segarra-Carmona, Alejandro E. Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. Escudero, Jaime TI Nillo Eelis Virkki, Cytogeneticist: In Memoriam (1924-2005) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Segarra-Carmona, Alejandro E.; Escudero, Jaime] Univ Puerto Rico, Agr Expt Stn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Segarra-Carmona, AE (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Agr Expt Stn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM asegarra@uprm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JUL-OCT PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 256 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 438XF UT WOS:000265588700012 ER PT J AU Henry, AG Pipemo, DR AF Henry, Amanda G. Pipemo, Dolores R. TI Using plant microfossils from dental calculus to recover human diet: a case study from Tell al-Raqa'i, Syria SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE starch grains; phytoliths; dental calculus; diet; ESEM; plant microfossils ID STARCH RESIDUES; OPAL PHYTOLITHS; STONE TOOLS; SITE; AGRICULTURE; ARTIFACTS; GRAINS; ISRAEL; ISLAND; MAIZE AB Dietary reconstructions based on plant microfossils, such as starch grains and phytoliths, have been useful in increasing our understanding of past human populations. Microfossils have been recovered from sediments, stone tools, and, more recently, dental calculus. Methods for recovering microfossils from dental calculus have yet to be firmly established and there is some question about potential damage to the teeth. Using a sample of teeth from the middle Holocene site of Tell al-Raq (a) over bar 'i, Syria, we tested using a dental pick to sample the calculus. ESEM images taken before and after sampling show no damage to the enamel surface, and examination of the recovered microfossils show that this method provides ample material for study, even when not all of the calculus is removed from the tooth. Preliminary identification of the plant microfossils suggests that these individuals were consuming a variety of plant foods, but that domesticated cereals such as wheat and barley made up a surprisingly small portion of their diet. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Henry, Amanda G.] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hominid Paleobiol Doctoral Program, CASHP, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Pipemo, Dolores R.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Archaeobiol Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pipemo, Dolores R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Henry, AG (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Hominid Paleobiol Doctoral Program, CASHP, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM ahenry@gwu.edu OI Henry, Amanda/0000-0002-2923-4199 NR 40 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1943 EP 1950 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.12.005 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 317BG UT WOS:000256993500015 ER PT J AU Smith, JAM Reitsma, LR Rockwood, LL Marra, PP AF Smith, Joseph A. M. Reitsma, Leonard R. Rockwood, Larry L. Marra, Peter P. TI Roosting behavior of a Neotropical migrant songbird, the northern waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis, during the non-breeding season SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STARLINGS STURNUS-VULGARIS; PREDATOR PROTECTION; NONBREEDING SEASON; HABITAT OCCUPANCY; SITE FIDELITY; WARBLERS; ASSOCIATIONS; COMPETITION; MANGROVES; DOMINANCE AB Several species of Nearctic-Neotropical migratory songbirds appear to form roosting aggregations while on their wintering grounds but little is understood about the ecology of this behavior. We studied roosting behavior and patterns of roost habitat selection in the northern waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis, during three winter years (2002-2004) in Puerto Rico using radio telemetry. Overall, red mangrove was selected for roosting disproportionately to its availability. Regardless of diurnal habitat used, 87% (n=86) of northern waterthrush selected dense stands of coastal red mangrove for roost sites. Individuals traveled up to 2 km to access roost sites in this habitat on a daily basis. The majority (8 of 14) of individuals roosted alone, while others roosted in loose aggregations near communal roosts of gray kingbirds Tyrannus dominicensis. Patterns of roost site selection did not vary by sex. Individuals showing aggressive response to playback during the day, however, selected roost sites significantly closer to the coast. Several additional migratory and resident bird species also used red mangrove for night-time roosting habitat. Red mangrove may be a critical nocturnal roosting habitat for bird populations that live in proximity to coastal areas in the Neotropics. The benefits of nocturnal roosting behavior as well as why individuals appear to select red mangrove remain poorly understood. C1 [Smith, Joseph A. M.; Marra, Peter P.] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Reitsma, Leonard R.] Plymouth State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Plymouth, NH 03264 USA. [Rockwood, Larry L.] George Mason Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Smith, JAM (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, POB 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM smithjam@gmail.com NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0908-8857 J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 460 EP 465 DI 10.1111/j.2008.0908-8857.04227.x PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 327DA UT WOS:000257708600012 ER PT J AU Ebach, MC Morrone, JJ Parenti, LR Viloria, AL AF Ebach, Malte C. Morrone, Juan J. Parenti, Lynne R. Viloria, Angel L. TI International code of area nomenclature SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material DE biogeography; Gondwana; ICAN; Linnaeus; Mediterranean; nomenclature; type-locality ID BIOGEOGRAPHY; VICARIANCE; GONDWANA AB Biogeography needs a standard, coherent nomenclature. Currently, in biogeography, the same name is used for different areas of biological endemism, and one area of endemism is known by more than one name, which leads to conflict and confusion. The name 'Mediterranean', for example, may mean different things to different people - all or part of the sea, or the land in and around it. This results in ambiguity concerning the meaning of names and, more importantly, may lead to conflicts between inferences based on different aspects of a given name. We propose the International Code of Area Nomenclature (ICAN), a naming system that can be used to classify newly coined or existing names based on a standard. When fully implemented, the ICAN will improve communication among biogeographers, systematists, ecologists and conservation biologists. C1 [Ebach, Malte C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Int Inst Species Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Morrone, Juan J.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Dept Evolut Biol, Museo Zool Alfonso L Herrera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Parenti, Lynne R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Viloria, Angel L.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Ebach, MC (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Int Inst Species Explorat, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM mcebach@gmail.com OI Morrone, Juan/0000-0001-5566-1189; Ebach, Malte/0000-0002-9594-9010 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 BP 1153 EP 1157 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01920.x PG 5 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 314XQ UT WOS:000256842900001 ER PT J AU Jones, FA Muller-Landau, HC AF Jones, F. Andy Muller-Landau, Helen C. TI Measuring long-distance seed dispersal in complex natural environments: an evaluation and integration of classical and genetic methods SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competing sources model; dispersal kernel; dispersal limitation; hierarchical Bayes; microsatellite; Jacaranda copaia; long-distance seed dispersal; summed seed shadow model; tree fecundity ID JACARANDA-COPAIA BIGNONIACEAE; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; NEOTROPICAL TREE; PATTERNS; FORESTS; MODELS; MICROSATELLITES; POPULATION; WIND AB 1. Seed dispersal is a critical life stage of plants, yet accurate measurement of dispersal distances has been difficult in natural systems. Genetic techniques for matching dispersed seeds to maternal trees provide valuable data on dispersal events. Questions remain regarding how best to estimate the population seed dispersal distance distributions from such data and how these estimates compare with classical non-genetic estimates based on seed trap data alone. 2. Using simulated data, we compared seed shadow estimates obtained via standard inverse modelling of seed arrival into seed traps within mapped stands (summed seed shadow, SSS) with estimates from four models using genetic matches: direct fitting of the observed distribution of distances in the genotyped sample (observed distance, OBS), direct fitting inversely weighted by sampling intensity (OBSw), inverse modelling of numbers of seeds of each genotype in each trap (gene shadow model, GSM), and inverse modelling of frequencies of each genotype in each trap (competing sources model, CSM). We further explored how consideration of immigrant seed rain from unmapped and ungenotyped trees outside the stand affected dispersal estimates, denoting these variants SSSi, GSMi and CSMi. 3. We applied these models to an empirical data set for the Neotropical tree Jacaranda copaia, using a hierarchical Bayesian model to incorporate variation in fecundity among trees. 4. Fits to simulated data sets showed that OBS and SSS estimates were strongly biased, while SSSi, GSMi and CSMi were mildly biased. Root mean square errors varied as OBS >> SSS > OBSw > CSMi > GSMi > SSi > CSM > GSM. 5. Comparing results for Jacaranda under the three best models, mean posterior estimates of dispersal distances varied as SSSi < GSM < CSM, but credible intervals overlapped among all three models, demonstrating agreement that long-distance dispersal is common. 6. Synthesis. Here we reconcile two general approaches used to study seed dispersal distances in natural communities. Genetic and non-genetic approaches can both provide good estimates of seed dispersal provided that analyses of genetic data take account of any deviation from random selection of seeds for genotyping, and that SSS models consider immigrant seed rain in the analysis whenever there is reason to think its contribution is non-zero. The use of the models presented here should provide better estimates of population-level dispersal distance distributions in genetic and classical seed dispersal studies. C1 [Jones, F. Andy; Muller-Landau, Helen C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Jones, F. Andy; Muller-Landau, Helen C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55018 USA. RP Jones, FA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM jonesf@si.edu RI Jones, Andy/C-3460-2009 NR 43 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 4 BP 642 EP 652 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01400.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311YH UT WOS:000256635800009 ER PT J AU Muller-Landau, HC Wright, SJ Calderon, O Condit, R Hubbell, SP AF Muller-Landau, Helene C. Wright, S. Joseph Calderon, Osvaldo Condit, Richard Hubbell, Stephen P. TI Interspecific variation in primary seed dispersal in a tropical forest SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dispersal mode; dispersal syndrome; fecundity; hierarchical Bayesian model; primary seed dispersal; seed limitation; seed production; seed rain; seed shadow; tropical tree ID LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPES; RECRUITMENT LIMITATION; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; WIND DISPERSAL; RAIN-FOREST; TREE; PANAMA AB 1. We investigated the relationships of seed size, dispersal mode and other species characteristics to interspecific variation in mean primary seed dispersal distances, mean annual seed production per unit basal area, and clumping of seed deposition among 41 tropical tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. 2. A hierarchical Bayesian model incorporating interannual variation in seed production was used to estimate seed dispersal, seed production, and clumping of seed rain for each species from 19 years of data for 188 seed traps on a 50-ha plot in which all adult trees were censused every 5 years. 3. Seed dispersal was modelled as a two-dimensional Student's T distribution with the degrees of freedom parameter fixed at 3, interannual variation in seed production per basal area was modelled as a lognormal, and the clumping of seed rain around its expected value was modelled as a negative binomial distribution. 4. There was wide variation in seed dispersal distances among species sharing the same mode of seed dispersal. Seed dispersal mode did not explain significant variation in seed dispersal distances, but did explain significant variation in clumping: animal-dispersed species showed higher clumping of seed deposition. 5. Among nine wind-dispersed species, the combination of diaspore terminal velocity, tree height and wind speed in the season of peak dispersal explained 40% of variation in dispersal distances. Among 31 animal-dispersed species, 20% of interspecific variation in dispersal distances was explained by seed mass (a negative effect) and tree height (a positive effect). 6. Among all species, seed mass, tree height and dispersal syndrome explained 28% of the variation in mean dispersal distance and seed mass alone explained 45% of the variation in estimated seed production per basal area. 7. Synthesis. There is wide variation in patterns of primary seed rain among tropical tree species. Substantial proportions of interspecific variation in seed production, seed dispersal distances, and clumping of seed deposition are explained by relatively easily measured plant traits, especially dispersal mode, seed mass, and tree height. This provides hope for trait-based generalization and modelling of seed dispersal in tropical forests. C1 [Muller-Landau, Helene C.; Wright, S. Joseph; Calderon, Osvaldo; Condit, Richard; Hubbell, Stephen P.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Muller-Landau, Helene C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hubbell, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Muller-Landau, HC (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM mullerh@si.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 95 TC 135 Z9 143 U1 10 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 4 BP 653 EP 667 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01399.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311YH UT WOS:000256635800010 ER PT J AU Turner, BL AF Turner, Benjamin L. TI Resource partitioning for soil phosphorus: a hypothesis SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhiza; ectomycorrhiza; ericoid mycorrhiza; inositol phosphates; phosphatase; phosphate diesters; phosphate monoesters; phytase; plant nutrition; resource partitioning; soil organic phosphorus ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITIES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; LIMITATION; FORMS; TRANSFORMATIONS; CHRONOSEQUENCE; BIODIVERSITY; PEDOGENESIS AB 1. Organic phosphorus is abundant in soil and its turnover can supply a considerable fraction of the phosphorus taken up by natural vegetation. Despite this, the ecological significance of organic phosphorus remains poorly understood, which is remarkable given the biological importance of phosphorus in terrestrial environments. 2. Of particular interest is the possibility that coexisting plant species partition soil organic phosphorus to reduce competition. This seems likely given the large number of biologically available phosphorus compounds that occur in soil and the variety of mechanisms by which plants can utilize them. 3. Here I propose a conceptual model of resource partitioning for soil phosphorus. The model describes a hypothetical example of four coexisting plant species that differ in their ability to access soil organic phosphorus compounds, which are grouped to form a gradient of biological availability based on the processes involved in their utilization by plants. 4. Synthesis: Resource partitioning for soil phosphorus could provide an additional mechanism to explain the coexistence and distribution of plant species. It is likely to occur widely in terrestrial environments, but should have greatest ecological significance wherever productivity is limited by the availability of soil phosphorus. This includes freshwater wetlands, super-humid temperate regions and ecosystems developed on strongly-weathered soils that cover vast areas of ancient landscapes in Africa, Australia and South America. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM turnerbl@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 39 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 11 U2 90 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 96 IS 4 BP 698 EP 702 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01384.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311YH UT WOS:000256635800014 ER PT J AU Utz, LRP Coats, DW Small, EB AF Utz, Laura R. P. Coats, D. Wayne Small, Eugene B. TI Morphological characterization and intraspecific variation of Zoothamnium intermedium Precht, 1935 (ciliophora, peritrichia) attached to calanoid copepods in the Chesapeake Bay, USA SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acartia tonsa; Eurytemora affinis; epibiont; estuary; zooplankton ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS; EPISTYLIS-DAPHNIAE; CARCHESIUM-POLYPINUM; MOINA-MACROCOPA; EPIZOIC CILIATE; NORTH CHINA; NOV-COMB.; REDESCRIPTION; PROTOZOA; HOST AB A redescription of Zoothamnium intermedium Precht, 1935, a peritrich epibiont on copepods, is provided using specimens colonizing Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora affinis in Chesapeake Bay, USA. Bell-shaped zooids of Z. intermedium ranged in size from 31.2-54.7 mu m x 16.7-31.3 mu m in vivo. A single contractile vacuole and a "C shaped" macronucleus lie in the upper half of the body. Colonies had up to 30 zooids, but most presented two to four zooids. The single myoneme was continuous from the zooids through the lateral branches and basal stalk, terminating 4-73.2 mm before the attachment point of the colony. The ciliature of Z. intermedium was typical of sessile peritrichs, consisting of an outer haplokinety and an inner polykinety 1 (PK1) that made similar to 1 1/2 turns around the peristomial disk before entering the infundibulum. Within the infundibulum, PK 1 was accompanied by polykinetid 2 (PK2) and polykinetid 3 (PK3), each consisting of three kinetosomal rows: PK2 of Z. intermedium terminated adoral to the aboral end of PK1 and had a central row of kinetosomes shorter than the lateral rows. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an annular pattern of pellicular ridges with pellicular pores. Morphological features used in peritrich species identification are quantified for specimens attached to both hosts and compared with other species of Zoothamnium. Statistically significant differences found between specimens attached to A. tonsa and E. affinis may reflect phenotypic plasticity rather than infestation by multiple species of Zoothamnium. C1 [Utz, Laura R. P.; Coats, D. Wayne] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Utz, Laura R. P.; Small, Eugene B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Utz, LRP (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, Av Bento Goncalves 9500,Bloco 4,Predio 43435, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM laurautz@yahoo.com RI Utz, Laura/P-5247-2014 NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1066-5234 EI 1550-7408 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00326.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 324BM UT WOS:000257492700005 PM 18681843 ER PT J AU Pobiner, BL Rogers, MJ Monahan, CM Harris, JWK AF Pobiner, Briana L. Rogers, Michael J. Monahan, Christopher M. Harris, John W. K. TI New evidence for hominin carcass processing strategies at 1.5 Ma, Koobi Fora, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE carnivory; bone modification; butchery; cut mark; percussion mark; Early Stone Age; Oldowan ID FLK 22 ZINJANTHROPUS; OLDUVAI-GORGE; EARLY PLEISTOCENE; PLIOPLEISTOCENE HOMINIDS; TURKANA-BASIN; LAKE TURKANA; EARLY HOMO; ARCHAEOFAUNAL ASSEMBLAGES; CARNIVORE INVOLVEMENT; PERCUSSION MARKS AB Reconstruction of early Pleistocene hominin carcass acquisition and processing behaviors are necessarily based at least in part on butchered fossil bones. This paper provides zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses and behavioral interpretations of three similar to 1.5 million-year-old archaeofaunas from areas 1A and 103 in the Okote Member of the Koobi Fora Formation, northern Kenya: FwJj14A, FwJj14B, and GaJi14. These sites are all located in similar paleoenvironmental contexts, near shallow water with swampy, seasonally flooded areas, and some evidence for more wooded or gallery forest settings. Both individual specimen- and assemblage-level analyses of butchery-marked bones indicate that the hominins appear to have practiced similar butchery strategies at all of these sites, with butchery (defleshing, disarticulation, and marrow extraction) of both high- and low-ranked skeletal elements with no apparent preference for prey size, skeletal region, limb class, or limb portion. Only four tooth-marked specimens, including one likely crocodile-tooth-marked bone, are preserved in all three archaeofaunas. A paucity of limb epiphyses suggests that bone-crunching hyenids may have deleted these portions subsequent to hominin butchery. Strangely, there are no stone tools preserved with the 292 cut-marked and 27 percussion-marked faunal specimens (out of a total of 6,039 specimens), suggesting that raw material availability may have conditioned hominin lithic discard patterns at these locales. These assemblages increase our knowledge of the dietary behavior and ecology of Homo erectus, and provide support for variability in early Pleistocene hominin carcass foraging patterns. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pobiner, Briana L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Rogers, Michael J.] So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. [Monahan, Christopher M.] TCP Hawaii LLC, Kailua, HI 96734 USA. [Harris, John W. K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anthropol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Pobiner, BL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 112,10th & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM pobinerb@si.edu; rogersm1@southernet.edu; mookahan@yahoo.com; jwharris@rci.rutgers.edu NR 126 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0047-2484 J9 J HUM EVOL JI J. Hum. Evol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 103 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.001 PG 28 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 335KF UT WOS:000258288800009 PM 18514259 ER PT J AU Renner, SC Rappole, JH Rasmussen, PC Aung, T Aung, M Shwe, NM Dumbacher, JP Fleischer, RC AF Renner, Swen C. Rappole, John H. Rasmussen, Pamela C. Aung, Thein Aung, Myint Shwe, Nay Myo Dumbacher, John P. Fleischer, Robert C. TI A new subspecies of Tesia olivea (Sylviidae) from Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burma/Myanmar; new description; speciation; subspecies; taxonomy; Tesia olivea; Thailand ID WARBLERS; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGENY; SPARROW AB We collected several individuals of the Slaty-bellied Tesia Tesia olivea in the temperate rain forest of the sub-Himalayan region of northeastern Burma/Myanmar in February/March 2004 and March 2006. Subsequent comparison of these with T. olivea from northeastern India and northern Thailand revealed that while our northeastern Burma/Myanmar birds were similar to those from northeastern India, specimens of both populations were distinctly different from T. olivea from Chiang Mai Province of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam. Herein, we designate the latter populations as members of a new subspecies of T. olivea based on analyses of variations in morphometric characters, plumage, song, and mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequence. C1 [Renner, Swen C.] State Museum Nat Hist, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany. [Renner, Swen C.; Rappole, John H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Rasmussen, Pamela C.] Michigan State Univ Museum, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dumbacher, John P.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Ornithol & Mammal, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Renner, SC (reprint author), State Museum Nat Hist, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany. EM renner.smns@naturkundemuseum-bw.de RI Renner, Swen/J-3502-2014 OI Renner, Swen/0000-0002-6893-4219 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0021-8375 EI 1439-0361 J9 J ORNITHOL JI J. Ornithol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 149 IS 3 BP 439 EP 450 DI 10.1007/s10336-008-0277-y PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 312HN UT WOS:000256660000016 ER PT J AU Miglietta, MP Rossi, M Collin, R AF Miglietta, Maria Pia Rossi, Marco Collin, Rachel TI Hydromedusa blooms and upwelling events in the Bay of Panama, Tropical East Pacific SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NORTH-SEA; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; BENGUELA ECOSYSTEM; MONTEREY BAY; JELLYFISH; PHYTOPLANKTON; CTENOPHORES; POPULATIONS AB Seasonal upwelling events dominate the coastal areas of some regions of the Tropical East Pacific. The effects of upwelling on gelatinous zooplankton are largely unknown and undocumented for this or any region, although upwelling is known to shape phytoplankton dynamics. Small hydromedusae, the most widespread and diverse representatives of gelatinous plankton, are often neglected in plankton ecology as they are inconspicuous and escape direct observation. Their occurrence is seasonal and standard plankton sampling techniques easily overlook their blooms. In order to investigate whether upwelling affects hydromedusae dynamics, we monitored their abundance and diversity in the Bay of Panama, a region on the Pacific Coast of Panama characterized by seasonal upwelling events. Our results show that, although the number of species is relatively constant throughout the year, hydromedusa abundance in the Bay of Panama can be up to two orders of magnitude higher during upwelling than non-upwelling conditions. The difference in the numbers of hydromedusae between the two seasons is mostly due to temporally short medusa blooms that occur only during the upwelling season. Our results point to a link between hydromedusa blooms and upwelling events, and the increased productivity associated with them. The results are consistent with a scenario in which upwelling events act on the benthic colonies thus inducing medusa production. C1 [Rossi, Marco] Penn State Univ, Dept Finance, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Miglietta, Maria Pia; Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Miglietta, MP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mp.miglietta@psu.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010 NR 42 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 30 IS 7 BP 783 EP 793 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn038 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 330TC UT WOS:000257964700005 ER PT J AU Khan, NR Block, TA Rhoads, AF AF Khan, Nancy R. Block, Timothy A. Rhoads, Ann F. TI Vascular flora and community assemblages of Evansburg State Park, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE evansburg state park; floristics; Montgomery County; plant communities; species checklist; Pennsylvania; vascular flora ID LAND-USE; FORESTS; FRAGMENTATION; INVASIONS; PIEDMONT; PATTERN AB Over the past three centuries successive land-use decisions have led to significant changes in the composition and structure of the floristic resources at Evansburg State Park in southeastern Pennsylvania. A recent survey of the park identified 544 vascular plant species from 116 families and 337 genera across 26 distinct, yet extremely fragmented, plant communities. Slightly less than 66% of the recorded species are native to the eastern United States and only two species of concern were discovered. Forty-six species were added to the flora of Montgomery County. In addition, woody vegetation in seven mature forest types of the 16 naturally occurring community associations were sampled. A histogram of species importance across these sites reveals a trend towards increasing compositional homogeneity in forested areas. The remaining ten communities are anthropogenically influenced habitats which comprise 75% of the park's acreage, are scattered widely throughout the park, and contain a high percentage of non-native invasive species. A clear shift in the composition of the forested areas towards Acer saccharum and/or Acer rubrum dominated associations, is already apparent and likely to persist given the magnitude of adverse events that continue to alter the landscape and disrupt successional processes. C1 [Khan, Nancy R.; Block, Timothy A.; Rhoads, Ann F.] Univ Penn, Morris Arboretum, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP Khan, NR (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 20137 USA. EM khanna@si.edu FU Philadelphia Botanical Club FX This work was funded in part by the Philadelphia Botanical Club. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JUL-SEP PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 438 EP 458 DI 10.3159/07-RA-021.1 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 352PU UT WOS:000259510300013 ER PT J AU Franklin, SP Kays, RW Moreno, R TerWee, JA Troyer, JL VandeWoude, S AF Franklin, Samuel P. Kays, Roland W. Moreno, Ricardo TerWee, Julie A. Troyer, Jennifer L. VandeWoude, Sue TI Ocelots on Barro Colorado Island are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus but not other common feline and canine viruses SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; FIV; Leopardus; ocelot; serology ID LIONS PANTHERA-LEO; PUMA PUMA-CONCOLOR; LENTIVIRUS INFECTION; LEOPARDUS-PARDALIS; WILD; POPULATION; TRANSMISSION; HERPESVIRUS; DIVERGENCE; SEROSURVEY AB Transmission of pathogens from domestic animals to wildlife populations (spill-over) has precipitated local wildlife extinctions in multiple geographic locations. Identifying such events before they cause population declines requires differentiating spillover from endemic disease, a challenge complicated by a lack of baseline data from wildlife populations that are isolated from domestic animals. We tested sera collected from 12 ocetols (Leopardus pardalis) native to Barrow Colorado Island, Panama, which is feline herpes virus, feline calci-virus, feline corona virus, feline panleukopenia virus, canine distemper virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), typically a species-specific infection. Samples also were tested for feline leukemia virus antigens. Positive tests results were only observed for FIV; 50% of the ocelots were positive. We hypothesize that isolation of this population has prevented introduction of pathogens typically attributed to contact with domestic animals. The high density of occlots on Barro Colorado Island may contribute to a high prevelance of FIV infection, as would be expected with increased contact rates among conspecifies in a geographically restricted population. C1 [Franklin, Samuel P.; TerWee, Julie A.; Troyer, Jennifer L.; VandeWoude, Sue] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kays, Roland W.] New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. [Moreno, Ricardo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Franklin, SP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM sam17franklin@hotmail.com RI Troyer, Jennifer/B-8415-2012 FU Peninsula Foundation; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation; Merck Merial slimmer research; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences summer International Research FX We thank B. Powers and the CSU Diagnostic Laboratory for performing FHV, FCV, FCoV, FPV, and CDV assays, and M. Lappin for assistance with ELISA testing. D. Bogan, R. Mares, C. Fiorello, and M. Wikelski were instrumental in ocelot sampling. Capture of animals was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Funding was provided by the Peninsula Foundation, the National Geographic Society, The National Science Foundation, a Merck Merial slimmer research fellowship, and a College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences summer International Research Fellowship. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 760 EP 765 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 340TT UT WOS:000258668600030 PM 18689668 ER PT J AU Dove, CJ Rotzel, NC Heacker, M Weigt, LA AF Dove, Carla J. Rotzel, Nancy C. Heacker, Marcy Weigt, Lee A. TI Using DNA barcodes to identify bird species involved in birdstrikes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE barcodes; BoLD; birdstrikes; CO1; DNA; identification ID FEATHER CHARACTERS; AIRCRAFT; COLLISIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB We determined effectiveness of using mitochondrial DNA barcodes (cytocbrome c oxidase subunit 1 [CO1]) to identify birdaircraft collision (birdstrike) cases that lacked sufficient feather evidence for morphological diagnosis. From September through December 2006, 821 samples from birdstrike events occurring in the United States were submitted for DNA analysis. We successfully amplified a CO1 DNA barcode product from 554 (67.5%) of the samples; 267 (32.5%) did not contain viable DNA and depended on morphological methods (microscopy) for Order or Family level identification. We deemed 19 cases inconclusive either because the DNA barcode recovered from the sample did not meet our 98% match criteria when compared to the Barcode of Life Database (BoLD) or because the DNA barcode matched to a set of >= 2 closely related species with overlapping barcodes, preventing complete species identification. Age of the sample (<= 6 months) did not affect DNA viability, but initial condition of the sample and the collection method was critical to DNA identification success. The DNA barcoding approach has great potential in aiding in identification of birds (and wildlife) for airfield management practices, particularly in regions of the world that lack the vast research collections and individual expertise for morphologic identifications. C1 [Dove, Carla J.; Rotzel, Nancy C.; Heacker, Marcy] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Weigt, Lee A.] Smithsonian Inst, Labs Analyt Biol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Dove, CJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM dovec@si.edu NR 23 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 72 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1236 DI 10.2193/2007-272 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 323NV UT WOS:000257454100024 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI This day in American history SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 133 IS 12 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 328FN UT WOS:000257783900299 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI Pandemics and global health SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 133 IS 12 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 328FN UT WOS:000257783900306 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI A comprehensive French grammar SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 133 IS 12 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 328FN UT WOS:000257783900300 ER PT J AU Schroll, S AF Schroll, Savannah TI Foundation of communication siences & disorders SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schroll, Savannah] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 133 IS 12 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 328FN UT WOS:000257783900298 ER PT J AU Bullock, ES MacPherson, GJ AF Bullock, E. S. MacPherson, G. J. TI Creating a new, comprehensive CAI reference suite, part one: Vigarano SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr ID ALLENDE C1 [Bullock, E. S.; MacPherson, G. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM BullockE@si.edu NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A29 EP A29 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100035 ER PT J AU Corrigan, CM Mccoy, TJ Welzenbach, LC AF Corrigan, C. M. McCoy, T. J. Welzenbach, L. C. TI 5000 and counting: Challenges and opportunities in classifying antarctic meteorites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Corrigan, C. M.; McCoy, T. J.; Welzenbach, L. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A180 EP A180 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100337 ER PT J AU Gardner-Vandy, KG Lauretta, DS Goreva, JS Killgore, M McCoy, TJ AF Gardner-Vandy, K. G. Lauretta, D. S. Goreva, J. S. Killgore, M. McCoy, T. J. TI Relationships among ungrouped primitive achondrites and type 7 ordinary chondrites SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Gardner-Vandy, K. G.; Lauretta, D. S.; Goreva, J. S.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM kgardner@lpl.arizona.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A46 EP A46 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100070 ER PT J AU Mayne, RG McCoy, TJ Sunshine, JM McSween, HY AF Mayne, R. G. McCoy, T. J. Sunshine, J. M. McSween, H. Y., Jr. TI "SPECTROLOGY" of the unbrecciated eucrites: The link between petrology and spectra SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr C1 [Mayne, R. G.; McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [McSween, H. Y., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A93 EP A93 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100164 ER PT J AU Mccoy, TJ Corrigan, CM Yang, J Goldstein, JI AF McCoy, T. J. Corrigan, C. M. Yang, J. Goldstein, J. I. TI How do high-Ni irons form? SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites - Search, Recovery, and Classification CY JUL 26-27, 2008 CL Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr, Matsue, JAPAN SP Natl Inst Polor Res, SOKENDAI, Graduate Univ Adv Studies, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Shimane Prefecture HO Inst Polar Res, Antarctic Meteorite Res Ctr ID METEORITES C1 [McCoy, T. J.; Corrigan, C. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Yang, J.; Goldstein, J. I.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 IS 7 SU S BP A94 EP A94 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 326TZ UT WOS:000257683100166 ER PT J AU Campbell, DC Johnson, PD Williams, JD Rindsberg, AK Serb, JM Small, KK Lydeard, C AF Campbell, David C. Johnson, Paul D. Williams, James D. Rindsberg, Andrew K. Serb, Jeanne M. Small, Kory K. Lydeard, Charles TI Identification of 'extinct' freshwater mussel species using DNA barcoding SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE cox1; endangered species; molecular barcode; Pleurobema; Unionidae ID EPIOBLASMA-FLORENTINA-WALKERI; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY; RIVER DRAINAGE; BIVALVIA; UNIONIDAE; CONSERVATION; UNIONOIDA; EVOLUTION; CAPSAEFORMIS AB Freshwater mollusks are highly imperiled, with 70% of the North American species extinct, endangered, or at risk of extinction. Impoundments and other human impacts on the Coosa River of Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee of the southeastern USA alone are believed to have caused 50 mollusk species extinctions, but uncertainty over boundaries among several putatively closely related species makes this number preliminary. Our examination of freshwater mussels collected during an extensive survey of the upper-drainage basin, DNA barcoding and molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm the rediscovery of four morphospecies in the genus Pleurobema (Unionidae) previously thought to be extinct from the upper Coosa basin. A fifth 'extinct' form was found in an adjoining basin. Molecular data show that the Coosa morphologies represent at least three species-level taxa: Pleurobema decisum, P. hanleyianum and P. stabile. Endemism is higher than currently recognized, both at the species level and for multispecies clades. Prompt conservation efforts may preserve some of these taxa and their ecosystem. C1 [Campbell, David C.; Small, Kory K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Johnson, Paul D.] Alabama Aquat Biodivers Ctr, Marion, AL 36756 USA. [Williams, James D.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rindsberg, Andrew K.] Univ W Alabama, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Stn 7, Livingston, AL 35470 USA. [Serb, Jeanne M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lydeard, Charles] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Campbell, DC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, 425 Sci Collections Bldg,Box 870345, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM imblema@bama.ua.edu NR 67 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 711 EP 724 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02108.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 324IF UT WOS:000257511600001 PM 21585879 ER PT J AU Funk, VA Chan, R AF Funk, V. A. Chan, Raymund TI Phylogeny of the Spiny African Daisies (Compositae, tribe Arctotideae, subtribe Gorteriinae) based on trnL-F, ndhF, and ITS sequence data SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; Cichorioideae; cape floristic region; paraphyly; southern Africa; ITS; ndhF; trnL-F ID CYMBONOTUS COMPOSITAE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MAJOR CLADES; ASTERACEAE; EVOLUTION; EREMOTHAMNEAE; APIACEAE AB The tribe Arctotideae (African Daisies), of the flowering plant family Compositae (Asteraceae), is a diverse and interesting group with a primarily southern African distribution (ca. 13 genera, 215 species) and many species in the Cape Floristic Region. It is divided into two subtribes: Arctotidinae (ca. 5 genera, 85 species) and Gorteriinae (ca. 8 genera, 130 species). The monophyly of the genera within the subtribe Gorteriinae and their relationship to one another was investigated using 71 samples/212 sequences including 64/141 of which are newly reported from three phylogenetic markers, two from chloroplast DNA (trnL-F and ndhF) and one from the nuclear genome (ITS). The outgroup was composed of seven members from the sister subtribe. Results show the subtribe Gorteriinae to be divided into three monophyletic groups, the Gazania-Hirpicium-Gorteria group, the Didelta group, and the Berkheya-Cullumia group. Within these three groups are 13 sub-groups, one of which has sub-clades. The genus Berkheya Ehrh. is paraphyletic, falling into five different sub-groups. The two monotypic genera, Cuspidia and Heterorhachis are not nested within any of the Berkheya clades. Hirpicium and Cullumia each have most of their taxa in a monophyletic group, but they also have one or two taxa associated with other clades. Four of the five sub-groups of Berkheya have morphologically recognizable shared characters, such as habit and spines that have been recognized by past studies. However, the grouping of one species with Didelta is difficult to explain. Support for the major clades and most of the sub-groups is strong but the relationships among some of the terminal taxa are variable. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Funk, V. A.] Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Herbarium, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Chan, Raymund] Univ Teknol Malaysia, Fac Biosci & Bioengn, Dept Biol Sci, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia. RP Funk, VA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Herbarium, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM funkv@si.edu; raymund@cal.berkeley.edu NR 34 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 48 IS 1 BP 47 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.03.035 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 321AA UT WOS:000257275200005 PM 18485746 ER PT J AU Maughan, BJ Jones, LR Pierre, M Andreon, S Birkinshaw, M Bremer, MN Pacaud, F Ponman, TJ Valtchanov, I Willis, J AF Maughan, B. J. Jones, L. R. Pierre, M. Andreon, S. Birkinshaw, M. Bremer, M. N. Pacaud, F. Ponman, T. J. Valtchanov, I. Willis, J. TI Testing the galaxy cluster mass-observable relations at z=1 with XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of XLSSJ022403.9-041328 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : high-redshift; intergalactic medium; cosmology : observations; X-rays : galaxies ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; SCALE STRUCTURE SURVEY; TEMPERATURE RELATION; DARK ENERGY; LSS SURVEY; T RELATION; SAMPLE; EVOLUTION; CONSTRAINTS; DISCOVERY AB We present an analysis of deep XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the z = 1.05 galaxy cluster XLSSJ022403.9-041328 (hereafter XLSSC 029), detected in the XMM-Newton Large Scale Structure survey. Density and temperature profiles of the X-ray emitting gas were used to perform a hydrostatic mass analysis of the system. This allowed us to measure the total mass and gas fraction in the cluster and define overdensity radii R-500 and R-2500. The global properties of XLSSC 029 were measured within these radii and compared with those of the local population. The gas mass fraction was found to be consistent with local clusters. The mean metal abundance was 0.18(-0.15)(+0.17) Z(circle dot), with the cluster core regions excluded, consistent with the predicted and observed evolution. The properties of XLSSC 029 were then used to investigate the position of the cluster on the M-kT, Y-X-M and L-X-M scaling relations. In all cases the observed properties of XLSSC 029 agreed well with the simple self-similar evolution of the scaling relations. This is the first test of the evolution of these relations at z > 1 and supports the use of the scaling relations in cosmological studies with distant galaxy clusters. C1 [Maughan, B. J.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Maughan, B. J.; Birkinshaw, M.; Bremer, M. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Jones, L. R.; Ponman, T. J.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Pierre, M.] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France. [Andreon, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astronomico Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Pacaud, F.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Valtchanov, I.] European Space Astron Ctr, ESA, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Willis, J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada. RP Maughan, BJ (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. EM ben.maughan@bristol.ac.uk OI Andreon, Stefano/0000-0002-2041-8784 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 3 BP 998 EP 1006 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13313.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313HW UT WOS:000256732700005 ER PT J AU Iafolla, V Fiorenza, E Lefevre', C Nozzoli, S Peron, R Persichini, N Reale, A Santoli, F Lorenzini, EC Shapiro, II Ashenberg, J Bombardelli, C Glashow, S AF Iafolla, V. Fiorenza, E. Lefevre', C. Nozzoli, S. Peron, R. Persichini, N. Reale, A. Santoli, F. Lorenzini, E. C. Shapiro, I. I. Ashenberg, J. Bombardelli, C. Glashow, S. TI TEPEE/GReAT (General Relativity Accuracy Test in an Einstein Elevator): Ready to start SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-GEOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article CT 94th National Congress of the Italian-Physical-Society CY SEP 22-27, 2008 CL Genoa, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc ID WEAK-EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE AB TEPEE/GReAT is an experiment aimed at testing the principle of equivalence at a level of accuracy equal to 5 parts in 10(15) by means of a differential acceleration detector free falling inside a co-moving, cryogenic, evacuated capsule, released from a stratospheric balloon. The detector is spun about a horizontal axis during the fall in order to modulate the equivalence principle violation signal at the spin frequency. Thanks to the recent funding of the Italian side, the project is ready to enter its second phase. The main activities related to detector prototype (both non-cryogenic and cryogenic versions) development and testing, free-fall tests, signal extraction from noise (in particular related to the common-mode rejection factor) and flight model requirements are discussed. C1 [Iafolla, V.; Fiorenza, E.; Lefevre', C.; Nozzoli, S.; Peron, R.; Persichini, N.; Reale, A.; Santoli, F.] INAF, IFSI, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Lorenzini, E. C.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Shapiro, I. I.; Ashenberg, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bombardelli, C.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Glashow, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Iafolla, V (reprint author), INAF, IFSI, Via Fosso Cavaliere, I-00133 Rome, Italy. OI Peron, Roberto/0000-0002-1774-5725; lefevre, carlo/0000-0003-0649-9941; Santoli, Francesco/0000-0003-2493-0109; Iafolla, Valerio Antonio/0000-0001-5297-1157 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Geophys. Space Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 497 EP 509 DI 10.1393/ncc/i2009-10318-7 PG 13 GA 447WR UT WOS:000266223200011 ER PT J AU Hancox, C Hohensee, M Crescimanno, M Phillips, DE Walsworth, RL AF Hancox, Cindy Hohensee, Michael Crescimanno, Michael Phillips, David E. Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Lineshape asymmetry for joint coherent population trapping and three-photon N resonances SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLOCKS; VAPOR; SHIFTS; RB-85; D-1 AB We show that a characteristic two-photon lineshape asymmetry arises in coherent population trapping (CPT) and three-photon (N) resonances, because both resonances are simultaneously induced by modulation sidebands in the interrogating laser light. The N resonance is a three-photon resonance in which a two-photon Raman excitation is combined with a resonant optical pumping field. This joint CPT and N resonance can be the dominant source of lineshape distortion, with direct relevance for the operation of miniaturized atomic frequency standards. We present the results of both an experimental study and theoretical treatment of the asymmetry of the joint CPT and N resonance under conditions typical to the operation of an N resonance clock. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Crescimanno, Michael] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Hancox, Cindy; Hohensee, Michael; Phillips, David E.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Crescimanno, M (reprint author), Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. EM mcrescim@cc.ysu.edu OI Hohensee, Michael/0000-0002-8106-4502 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 13 BP 1536 EP 1538 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001536 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 331NB UT WOS:000258017800048 PM 18594690 ER PT J AU O'Dea, A Jackson, JBC Taylor, PD Rodriguez, F AF O'Dea, Aaron Jackson, Jeremy B. C. Taylor, Paul D. Rodriguez, Felix TI Modes of reproduction in recent and fossil cupuladriid bryozoans SO PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bryozoa; Cupuladriidae; clonal; aclonal; fragmentation; life history; evolution ID TROPICAL AMERICA; NEOGENE CUPULADRIIDAE; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LIFE-HISTORIES; OPPOSITE SIDES; CLONAL ANIMALS; ISTHMUS; PANAMA; CORALS; DISCOPORELLA AB Cupuladriid cheilostome bryozoans can make new colonies both sexually and asexually. Sexual (aclonal) colonies are derived from larvae while asexual (clonal) colonies result from the fragmentation or division of larger colonies. A number of specialised morphologies exist which either enhance or discourage clonality, and cupuladriids preserve these in their skeletons, meaning that it is possible to count the abundances of individual modes of reproduction in fossil assemblages, and thus measure the mode and tempo of evolution of life histories using fossil colonies. In this paper we categorise, illustrate and describe the various clonal and aclonal methods of propagation in cupuladriids through the Cenozoic. Sexual reproduction is the only aclonal method of propagation, while four clonal methods are described comprising: (1) mechanical fragmentation, (2) autofragmentation, (3) colonial budding and (4) peripheral fragmentation. The processes involved in each are discussed and we explain how their prevalence can be measured in the fossil record using preservable morphologies. Compiling a record of the occurrence and distribution of the various modes of propagation through time and space we discover a general trend of evolution towards more complex modes in all three cupuladriid genera, but a geologically recent extinction of some modes of propagation that has left the present-day assemblage relatively depauperate. We see striking similarities in the general timing of expansion of modes of reproduction between the two most important genera, Cupuladria and Discoporella, although it is clear that Discoporella evolved a much wider range of special morphologies either to enhance or to discourage clonality than did Cupuladria. Cupuladriid cheilostome bryozoans can make new colonies both sexually and asexually. Sexual (aclonal) colonies are derived from larvae while asexual (clonal) colonies result from the fragmentation or division of larger colonies. A number of specialised morphologies exist which either enhance or discourage clonality, and cupuladriids preserve these in their skeletons, meaning that it is possible to count the abundances of individual modes of reproduction in fossil assemblages, and thus measure the mode and tempo of evolution of life histories using fossil colonies. In this paper we categorise, illustrate and describe the various clonal and aclonal methods of propagation in cupuladriids through the Cenozoic. Sexual reproduction is the only aclonal method of propagation, while four clonal methods are described comprising: (1) mechanical fragmentation, (2) autofragmentation, (3) colonial budding and (4) peripheral fragmentation. The processes involved in each are discussed and we explain how their prevalence can be measured in the fossil record using preservable morphologies. Compiling a record of the occurrence and distribution of the various modes of propagation through time and space we discover a general trend of evolution towards more complex modes in all three cupuladriid genera, but a geologically recent extinction of some modes of propagation that has left the present-day assemblage relatively depauperate. We see striking similarities in the general timing of expansion of modes of reproduction between the two most important genera, Cupuladria and Discoporella, although it is clear that Discoporella evolved a much wider range of special morphologies either to enhance or to discourage clonality than did Cupuladria. C1 [O'Dea, Aaron; Jackson, Jeremy B. C.; Rodriguez, Felix] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Taylor, Paul D.] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. RP O'Dea, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM odeaa@si.edu RI O'Dea, Aaron/D-4114-2011 NR 50 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-0239 J9 PALAEONTOLOGY JI Paleontology PD JUL PY 2008 VL 51 BP 847 EP 864 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00790.x PN 4 PG 18 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 327BA UT WOS:000257702600007 ER PT J AU Sarzetti, LC Labandeira, CC Genise, JF AF Sarzetti, Laura C. Labandeira, Conrad C. Genise, Jorge F. TI A leafcutter bee trace fossil from the Middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina, and a review of megachilid (Hymenoptera) ichnology SO PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trace fossil; leafcutter bee; plant-insect associations; Rio Pichileufu flora; Patagonia; Argentina ID NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS; LEAF-CUTTING BEE; PLANT DIVERSITY; INSECT; HISTORY; ASSOCIATIONS; ARTHROPOD; EVOLUTION; HERBIVORY; APOIDEA AB The ichnospecies Phagophytichnus pseudocircus isp. nov. is described to include trace fossils characterized by leaf-margin excisions showing eccentricity values of 0.35-0.65 and more than 270 degrees of an arc, a non cuspate margin and vein stringers or necrotic flaps of tissue along the margin. A method for determining ellipse eccentricity was performed on leaf discs obtained from the nests of the modern leafcutter bee Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), which provided objectively obtained values comparable to the trace fossil from the middle Eocene of Argentina and other world-wide ichnological records, historically and subjectively considered to be 'circular' trace fossils and attributed to leafcutter bees. The material described herein represents the first evidence for fossil Megachilidae from the Southern Hemisphere. C1 [Sarzetti, Laura C.; Genise, Jorge F.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Museo Paleontol Egidio Feruglio, RA-9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sarzetti, LC (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Museo Paleontol Egidio Feruglio, Avenida Fontana 140, RA-9100 Trelew, Chubut, Argentina. EM lsarzetti@mef.org.ar NR 87 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-0239 J9 PALAEONTOLOGY JI Paleontology PD JUL PY 2008 VL 51 BP 933 EP 941 DI 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00787.x PN 4 PG 9 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 327BA UT WOS:000257702600012 ER PT J AU Arnaud, PH Arnaud, MM AF Arnaud, Paul H., Jr. Arnaud, Madeline M. TI Collection of Odontotaenius floridanus Schuster (1994) at the Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida (Coleoptera: Passalidae) SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Arnaud, Paul H., Jr.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Arnaud, Paul H., Jr.; Arnaud, Madeline M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Arnaud, PH (reprint author), Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, 55 Concourse Dr, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM parnaud@calacademy.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA C/O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY SCIENCES, 875 HOWARD STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-3009 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 84 IS 3 BP 249 EP 251 DI 10.3956/2008-14.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 408AL UT WOS:000263405300011 ER PT J AU Kuznetsova, E Cote, R Kirby, K Yelin, SF AF Kuznetsova, Elena Cote, Robin Kirby, Kate Yelin, S. F. TI Analysis of experimental feasibility of polar-molecule-based phase gates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM COMPUTER; COLD MOLECULES; ATOMS; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; LIFETIMES; DEVICES AB We analyze a recently proposed physical implementation of a quantum computer based on polar molecules with "switchable" dipoles, i.e., dipole moments that can be switched "on" and "off". Conditional dipole-dipole interaction is an efficient tool for realizing two-qubit quantum gates necessary to construct universal gates. A set of general requirements for a molecular system is presented, which would provide an optimal combination of quantum gate times, coherence times, number of operations, high gate accuracy, and experimental feasibility. We proceed with an analysis of a two-qubit phase gate realization based on switchable dipole-dipole interactions between polar molecules in an optical lattice architecture. We consider one of the schemes proposed in our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 74, 050301(R) (2006)], using specific molecules, such as CO and NF. We suggest suitable electronic states and transitions, and investigate requirements for the laser pulses driving them. Finally, we analyze possible sources of decoherence and list practical difficulties of the scheme. C1 [Kuznetsova, Elena; Cote, Robin; Yelin, S. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Kuznetsova, Elena; Kirby, Kate; Yelin, S. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kuznetsova, E (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 1 AR 012313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.012313 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 333VG UT WOS:000258180300058 ER PT J AU Mao, Y Tegmark, M McQuinn, M Zaldarriaga, M Zahn, O AF Mao, Yi Tegmark, Max McQuinn, Matthew Zaldarriaga, Matias Zahn, Oliver TI How accurately can 21 cm tomography constrain cosmology? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID CENTIMETER FLUCTUATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; REIONIZATION OBSERVATORIES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; 21-CM FLUCTUATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; HII-REGIONS; EPOCH; FOREGROUNDS; GALAXIES AB There is growing interest in using 3-dimensional neutral hydrogen mapping with the redshifted 21 cm line as a cosmological probe. However, its utility depends on many assumptions. To aid experimental planning and design, we quantify how the precision with which cosmological parameters can be measured depends on a broad range of assumptions, focusing on the 21 cm signal from 6 < z < 20. We cover assumptions related to modeling of the ionization power spectrum, to the experimental specifications like array layout and detector noise, to uncertainties in the reionization history, and to the level of contamination from astrophysical foregrounds. We derive simple analytic estimates for how various assumptions affect an experiment's sensitivity, and we find that the modeling of reionization is the most important, followed by the array layout. We present an accurate yet robust method for measuring cosmological parameters that exploits the fact that the ionization power spectra are rather smooth functions that can be accurately fit by 7 phenomenological parameters. We find that for future experiments, marginalizing over these nuisance parameters may provide constraints almost as tight on the cosmology as if 21 cm tomography measured the matter power spectrum directly. A future square kilometer array optimized for 21 cm tomography could improve the sensitivity to spatial curvature and neutrino masses by up to 2 orders of magnitude, to Delta Omega(k)approximate to 0.0002 and Delta m(nu)approximate to 0.007 eV, and give a 4 sigma detection of the spectral index running predicted by the simplest inflation models. C1 [Mao, Yi; Tegmark, Max] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tegmark, Max] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [McQuinn, Matthew; Zaldarriaga, Matias; Zahn, Oliver] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zahn, Oliver] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, Oliver] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, Y (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ymao@mit.edu; tegmark@mit.edu RI Mao, Yi/G-9288-2015 NR 47 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL PY 2008 VL 78 IS 2 AR 023529 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.023529 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 340HM UT WOS:000258636700052 ER PT J AU Luesch, H Liu, Y Taori, K Kwan, J Matthew, S Paul, VJ AF Luesch, H. Liu, Y. Taori, K. Kwan, J. Matthew, S. Paul, V. J. TI Bioactive natural products from marine cyanobacteria: new structures and modes of action SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Joint Meeting of the Association-Francophone-pour-l'Enselgnement-et-la-Recherche-en-Pharmacog nosie/American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy/Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Rese arch/Phytochem-Society-of-Europe/Societa-Italiana-di-Fitochimica CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Assoc Francophone Enseignement Rech Pharmacognosie, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy, Soc Medicinal Plant Res, Phytochem Soc Europe, Soc Italiana Fitochim ID ELASTASE C1 [Luesch, H.; Liu, Y.; Taori, K.; Kwan, J.; Matthew, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Paul, V. J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RI Matthew, Susan/E-3817-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 931 EP 931 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 334ZY UT WOS:000258261800134 ER PT J AU Cubilla-Rios, L Cherigo, L Rios, C Togna, GD Gerwick, WH AF Cubilla-Rios, L. Cherigo, L. Rios, C. Togna, G. D. Gerwick, W. H. TI Phytochemical analysis and antileishmanial activity of Desmotes incomparabilis, an endemic plant from Panama SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Joint Meeting of the Association-Francophone-pour-l'Enselgnement-et-la-Recherche-en-Pharmacog nosie/American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy/Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Rese arch/Phytochem-Society-of-Europe/Societa-Italiana-di-Fitochimica CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Assoc Francophone Enseignement Rech Pharmacognosie, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy, Soc Medicinal Plant Res, Phytochem Soc Europe, Soc Italiana Fitochim C1 [Cubilla-Rios, L.; Cherigo, L.; Rios, C.] Univ Panama, Lab Trop Bioorgan Chem, Panama City, Panama. [Cubilla-Rios, L.; Gerwick, W. H.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Togna, G. D.] INDICASAT, Clayton, Ancon, Panama. [Gerwick, W. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 963 EP 963 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 334ZY UT WOS:000258261800253 ER PT J AU Matthew, S Ross, C Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Matthew, S. Ross, C. Paul, V. J. Luesch, H. TI Serine protease inhibitors from the Floridian marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Joint Meeting of the Association-Francophone-pour-l'Enselgnement-et-la-Recherche-en-Pharmacog nosie/American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy/Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Rese arch/Phytochem-Society-of-Europe/Societa-Italiana-di-Fitochimica CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Assoc Francophone Enseignement Rech Pharmacognosie, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy, Soc Medicinal Plant Res, Phytochem Soc Europe, Soc Italiana Fitochim C1 [Matthew, S.; Luesch, H.] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Ross, C.; Paul, V. J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Ross, C.] Univ N Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RI Matthew, Susan/E-3817-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1037 EP 1038 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 334ZY UT WOS:000258261800537 ER PT J AU Martinez-Luis, S Della-Togna, G Gerwick, WH Cubilla-Rios, L AF Martinez-Luis, S. Della-Togna, G. Gerwick, W. H. Cubilla-Rios, L. TI Antileishmanial constituents of the panamanian endophytic fungus Phoma herbarum strain M16 SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Joint Meeting of the Association-Francophone-pour-l'Enselgnement-et-la-Recherche-en-Pharmacog nosie/American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy/Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Rese arch/Phytochem-Society-of-Europe/Societa-Italiana-di-Fitochimica CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Assoc Francophone Enseignement Rech Pharmacognosie, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy, Soc Medicinal Plant Res, Phytochem Soc Europe, Soc Italiana Fitochim C1 [Martinez-Luis, S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Gerwick, W. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gerwick, W. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cubilla-Rios, L.] Univ Panama, Fac Nat Exact Sci & Technol, Lab Trop Bioorgan Chem, Panama City, Panama. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1047 EP 1047 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 334ZY UT WOS:000258261800569 ER PT J AU Cabalero-George, C Sorkalla, T Bermingham, E Haberlein, H AF Cabalero-George, C. Sorkalla, T. Bermingham, E. Haeberlein, H. TI Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) a powerful biophysic method for drug discovery: study of Alexa532-endothelia 1 binding on the endothelia ETA receptor on living cells SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th Joint Meeting of the Association-Francophone-pour-l'Enselgnement-et-la-Recherche-en-Pharmacog nosie/American-Society-of-Pharmacognosy/Society-for-Medicinal-Plant-Rese arch/Phytochem-Society-of-Europe/Societa-Italiana-di-Fitochimica CY AUG 03-08, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Assoc Francophone Enseignement Rech Pharmacognosie, Amer Soc Pharmacognosy, Soc Medicinal Plant Res, Phytochem Soc Europe, Soc Italiana Fitochim C1 [Cabalero-George, C.] INDICASAT AIP, Balboa, Panama. [Sorkalla, T.; Haeberlein, H.] Inst Phys Chem, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Bermingham, E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 74 IS 9 BP 1156 EP 1157 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 334ZY UT WOS:000258261801364 ER PT J AU Brown, JW AF Brown, John W. TI Review of the neotropical genus Cacocharis Walsingham (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Olethreutini), with a new synonymy and comments on its host plants and geographic distribution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Tortricidae; Neotropical; Caribbean; Phyllanthus; systematics AB Cacocharis is a small Neotropical genus comprised of two species: C. albimacula Walsingham, 1872 and C cymotoma (Meyrick 1917). The synonymy of Olethreutes canofascia Forbes 1930 (new syn.) with C cymotoma is proposed. The two recognized species are sympatric in the Caribbean on Jamaica, Dominica, and St. Vincent, indicating considerable independent dispersal or inadvertent introduction events. Based on literature and specimen sources, the larval food plants for the genus are Phyllanthus acidus Skeels and P. niuri L. (Euphorbiaceae), which are widely known for their medicinal properties. A possible explanation for the high level of sympatry of the moth species in the Caribbean is that they have been transported throughout the region along with their larval hosts. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 533 EP 542 DI 10.4289/07-066.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600001 ER PT J AU Sohn, JC Adamski, D AF Sohn, Jae-Cheon Adamski, David TI A new species of Wockia Heinemann, 1890 (Lepidoptera : Urodidae) from Korea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Ditrysia; Urodoidea; taxonomy; biogeography; Salix AB Wockia koreana Sohn, n. sp., is described from Korea, representing the first record of Urodidae in eastern Asia. Biological and distributional data including host-plant records are provided. Photographs of the holotype and dimorphic antennal and hind tibial features are included in addition to illustrations of wing venation and male and female genitalia. C1 [Sohn, Jae-Cheon] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adamski, David] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sohn, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jsohn@umd.edu; david.adamski@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 556 EP 561 DI 10.4289/07-071.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600004 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Knowles, M AF Robinson, Harold Knowles, Marjorie TI The Robinson expeditions to spout run, Arlington County, Virginia: Notes on Gymnopternus (Diptera : Dolichopodidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Dolichopodidae; Diptera; Gymnopternus; Virginia AB Gymnopternus pugnaceus, n. sp., is described, and G. maculiventris Van Duzee, and G. despicatus Loew are redescribed from types and new material. SEM illustrations are provided of details of genitalia of 13 species of the genus. C1 [Robinson, Harold; Knowles, Marjorie] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM robinsoh@si.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 562 EP 576 DI 10.4289/07-068.562.1 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600005 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Metz, MA AF Solis, M. Alma Metz, M. A. TI Aphomia hubner and Paralipsa Butler species (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Galleriinae) known to occur in the United States and Canada SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE systematics; taxonomy; Tirathabini; hosts; stored products; social; Hymenoptera ID SOCIELLA L LEPIDOPTERA; BUMBLEBEE; NESTS AB The current taxonomic status of three species of Aphomia Hubner and one species of Paralipsa Butler that occur in the United States and Canada is clarified and keys to their identification are provided. A lectotype is designated for Paralipsa decorella Hulst, which is transferred to Aphomia (n. comb.) and treated as a junior synonym of A. terrenella Zeller (n. syn.). Preliminary morphological research indicates that Aphomia fuscolimbella Ragonot does not belong in Aphomia as currently defined. Its placement is unknown. Because no specimens other than the type of A. fuscolimbella are known from the Western Hemisphere, the presumed North American origin of this species is considered unlikely. A brief discussion of biological associations is included. C1 [Solis, M. Alma; Metz, M. A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; mark.metz@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 592 EP 601 DI 10.4289/07-060.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600007 ER PT J AU Razowski, J Brown, JW AF Razowski, Jozef Brown, John W. TI A new genus for Laspeyresia guttifera Meyrick (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Olethreutinae) from the northern Neotropics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE systematics; new genus; Central America; Caribbean; South America; Grapholitini; Olethreutini; Eucosmini; fruit-feeder; Garcinia madruno AB Eriosocia Razowski and Brown, new genus, is described to accommodate Laspeyresia guttifera Meyrick, 1913 (type locality: Paraguay), resulting in the new combination Eriosocia guttifera (Meyrick). Several morphological features contradict its recent assignment to Cydia as well as Grapholitini, and a reassessment of characters suggests that the genus is best placed provisionally in Enarmoniini. Eriosocia is recorded from Central America (Costa Rica, Panama), the Caribbean (Dominica), and South America (Brazil, Colombia, French Guyana, Paraguay, and Venezuela). Larvae of Eriosocia have been reared on numerous occasions in Colombia and Panama from the fruit of Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel (Clusiaceae). C1 [Razowski, Jozef] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat & Expt Zool, Krakow, Poland. [Brown, John W.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Razowski, J (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Systemat & Expt Zool, Slawkowska 17, Krakow, Poland. EM razowski@isez.pan.krakow.pl; john.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.4289/07-065.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600010 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI The Abbotii and Erythrogaster groups of Nematus Panzer (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE sawflies; Symphyta; United States; Canada AB Species of the abbotii and erythrogaster groups of Nematus Panzer are revised. The abbotii group includes N. abbotii (Kirby), N. laticulus (Noton), and N. tertius, n. sp. The erythrogaster group includes N. carpini (Marlatt), N. corylus Cresson, N. erythrogaster Norton, N. hamamelis, n. sp., and N. latifasciatus Cresson. Pteronus dyari Marlatt, 1896, is a new synonym of Nematus latifasciatus Cresson, 1880. The species are described, illustrated, and keyed. All occur in eastern North America with two species extending west to Alberta and British Columbia. Host plants are species of Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus, Ostrya (Corylaceae), Hamamelis (Hamamelidaceae), and Robinia (Fabaceae). C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 647 EP 667 DI 10.4289/07-082.1 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600012 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Metz, MA Zachariades, C AF Solis, M. Alma Metz, M. A. Zachariades, C. TI Identity and generic placement of Phestinia costella Hampson (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae : Phycitinae) reared on the invasive plant Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Pyraloidea; Slam weed; rearing; biological control; Caribbean AB We provide descriptions and illustrations for identification of Phestinia costella Hampson, a stem gall producer on the invasive plant Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae) that has been investigated for biological control measures. Specimens collected from C odorata on Trinidad and Tobago and reported in the literature as Mescinia sp. nr. parvula Zeller were reexamined and identified as P. costella, except for two females identified as an undetermined species of Mescinia Ragonot. We subjected P. costella to comparative examination with species in related genera and concluded that its current generic placement should remain until a broader phylogenctic treatment of these genera can be undertaken. We diagnose the species, describe the previously unknown male, larva, and pupa, and expand the distribution. Biology and rearing procedures are discussed. C1 [Solis, M. Alma; Metz, M. A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zachariades, C.] Agr Res Council, Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-3245 Hilton, South Africa. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; mark.metz@ars.usda.gov; zachariadesc@arc.agric.za NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 679 EP 692 DI 10.4289/07-084.1 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600015 ER PT J AU Adamski, D Ribeiro-Costa, CS AF Adamski, David Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. TI A new Holcocera clemens, 1863 (Lepidoptera : Coleophoridae) associated with leguminous plants from the Brazilian cerrado SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Brazil; cerrado; legumes; Neotropics; savanna; taxonomy AB Holcocera cerradicola, n. sp., is described from the Brazilian cerrado in Parana. Adults were obtained from field-collected larvae from fruits of two leguminous plant species, Bauhinia holophylla Steud (Caesalpinioldeae) and Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Mimosoideae). These observations represent the first documented association between Holcocerini and Leguminosae. A photograph of the holotype and illustrations of wing venation and male and female genitalia are provided. C1 [Adamski, David] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S.] Univ Fed Parana, Dept Zool, BR-81513 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. RP Adamski, D (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM avid.adamski@ars.usda.gov; stra@ufpr.br RI Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele/C-1074-2013 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.4289/07-068.737.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600019 ER PT J AU Foster, GA Mathis, WN AF Foster, George A. Mathis, Wayne N. TI A review of the Tethininae (Diptera : Canacidae) from the Galapagos Islands SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Tethina Haliday; Canacidae (Tethininae); beach flies; Galapagos Islands AB The three known species of the genus Tethina Haliday (T. albula (Loew), T. insulans Curran, and T spinulosa Coe) from the Galapagos Islands are reviewed with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are illustrated (no males are known for T insulans Curran). Tethina albula and T spinulosa are reported for the first time from the Islands. C1 [Foster, George A.; Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Foster, GA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM foster@alpha-mos.com; mathisw@si.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 743 EP 752 DI 10.4289/07-078.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600020 ER PT J AU Hoebeke, ER Wheeler, AG Brown, JW AF Hoebeke, E. Richard Wheeler, A. G., Jr. Brown, John W. TI Archips xylosteana (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), a Palearctic leafroller new to North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; Tortricidae; Archips xylosteana; new records; adventive; species; Atlantic Canada ID FUSCOCUPREANUS WALSINGHAM LEPIDOPTERA; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ABUNDANCE AB Archips xylosteana (L.), a widespread Palearctic tortricid moth, is reported from four localities in St. John's, Newfoundland, the first records of this species in North America. Adults were found on a variety of ornamental trees and shrubs on the campus of Memorial University in August 2005 and 2006. This immigrant tortricid, a minor pest of rosaceous fruit trees and shrubs, is redescribed and diagnosed. Photographs of the adult male and female are provided to facilitate its recognition. Its worldwide distribution and biology are summarized. C1 [Hoebeke, E. Richard] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wheeler, A. G., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Brown, John W.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hoebeke, ER (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM erh2@cornell.edu; awhlr@clemson.edu; john.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 789 EP 795 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600024 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Cho, S Han, JH AF Smith, David R. Cho, Soowon Han, Ju-Hwan TI A new species of Diprion (Hymenoptera : Diprionidae) damaging Pinus spp. in Korea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Symphyta; sawfly; pine; Pinus koraiensis; Pinus strobus AB Diprion hani Smith and Cho, n. sp., is described from Korea. A description and illustrations of the female, male, and larva are given. This species was found feeding on Pinus koraiensis Sief. & Zucc. and Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae) in Chungcheongbuk-do Province in 2007. C1 [Cho, Soowon] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Plant Med, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Smith, David R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cho, S (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Plant Med, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; chosoowon@gmail.com NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 796 EP 801 DI 10.4289/08-041.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600025 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI Rhodoecia Hampson, 1908, a new synonym of Pyrrhia Hubner, 1821 [1816] (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae : Heliothinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 810 EP 810 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.3.810 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600028 ER PT J AU Kment, P Henry, TJ AF Kment, Petr Henry, Thomas J. TI Two cases of homonymy in the family Berytidae (Hemiptera : Heteroptera) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kment, Petr] Natl Museum, Dept Entomol, CZ-14800 Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Kment, Petr] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic. [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kment, P (reprint author), Natl Museum, Dept Entomol, Kunratice 1, CZ-14800 Prague 4, Czech Republic. EM sigara@post.cz; thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 811 EP 813 DI 10.4289/07-108.1 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600029 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Goulet, H AF Smith, David R. Goulet, Henri TI Dolerus rubromaculatus Haris, 2001, a new synonym of Dolerus unicolor (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) (Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Smith, David R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Goulet, Henri] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Res Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; gouleth@agr.gc.ca NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 110 IS 3 BP 824 EP 824 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-110.3.824 PG 1 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 325YR UT WOS:000257625600033 ER PT J AU Baugh, AT Akre, KL Ryan, MJ AF Baugh, A. T. Akre, K. L. Ryan, M. J. TI Categorical perception of a natural, multivariate signal: Mating call recognition in tungara frogs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE animal cognition; animal communication; mate choice; phonotaxis; sexual selection ID MATE CHOICE; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; PHONETIC CATEGORIES; REACTION-TIMES; PREFERENCES; DISCRIMINATION; EVOLUTION; ANIMALS; SPEECH AB Categorical perception is common in humans, but it is not known whether animals perceive continuous variation in their own multidimensional social signals categorically. There are two components to categorical perception: labeling and discrimination. In the first, continuously variable stimuli on each side of a category boundary are labeled. In the second, there is strong discrimination between stimuli from opposite sides of the boundary, whereas stimuli on the same side of the boundary are not discriminated. Here, we show that female tungara frogs respond categorically to complex mating calls that vary simultaneously along multiple dimensions and are within the natural range of signal variation. In response to a transect of synthetic stimuli that varied continuously and systematically in seven dimensions, female tungara frogs label mating calls as either conspecific or not conspecific. For pairs of stimuli that differed by the same magnitude, females discriminate those in different categories but not those in the same category. In addition, latency to respond was significantly shorter when stimuli were in the same versus different categories. Because responses to mating calls are critical in generating species recognition and sexual selection, this finding has implications for both animal perception and the influences of mate choice on the tempo and mode of evolution. C1 [Baugh, A. T.; Akre, K. L.; Ryan, M. J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ryan, M. J.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Neurosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ryan, M. J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Baugh, AT (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM baugh@mail.utexas.edu RI Baugh, Alexander/E-4777-2010; OI Baugh, Alexander/0000-0003-2032-892X NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 1 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 26 BP 8985 EP 8988 DI 10.1073/pnas.0802201105 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 322DC UT WOS:000257354400034 PM 18577592 ER PT J AU Cooke, R Jimenez, M AF Cooke, Richard Jimenez, Maximo TI Pre-columbian use of freshwater fish in the Santa Maria Biogeographical Province, Panama SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-AMERICA; AGONOSTOMUS-MONTICOLA; SYSTEMATICS; LANDSCAPE; TELEOSTEI; HISTORY; DIET AB Freshwater fish faunas on the Isthmus of Panama are less diverse than those of the great South American river basins. Few freshwater species attain a large size (> 500 g). The largest species regularly caught today in the lower freshwater sections of many Panamanian rivers are of marine origin. Freshwater fish species diversity and biomass decline rapidly with altitude particularly on the Pacific watershed. Historically, people living inland have compensated for this deficiency by consuming salted and dried marine fish. In four drainages in the Santa Maria Biogeographical Province that abut onto Parita Bay (central Pacific Panama), archaeologists have recovered well-preserved fish faunas dating from the Late Preceramic period (7000-5000 uncalibrated C-14 years BP) to Spanish contact in AD 1515-20. Freshwater fish are scarce at most of these sites because they are-or were-located near the coast. Two more inland sites have produced significant samples of freshwater fish bones: a rock-shelter (Aguadulce Shelter, 7000-2500 BP) and a village (Sitio Sierra, 1800-1500 BP). At the Aguadulce Shelter freshwater fish remains represent about 50% of the taxonomically diagnostic teleost bone samples (> 1.5 mm mesh) and at Sitio Sierra, 23% (> 3.2 mm mesh). Twelve genera from ten families, probably representing twelve species of primary and secondary freshwater fish, have been recorded. Pre-Columbian communities preferentially consumed tiger-fish (Hoplias microlepis), silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) and driftwood catfish (Trachelyopterus amblops). Although these are predatory species that readily take hooks, archaeological evidence for hook-and-line fishing is lacking. Since people living in the study area use poison for fishing today (e.g. Dioscorea spp.) this method may have been used in pre-Columbian times. Archaeozoological data shed light on the timing of westward migrations of fish species hypothesized to have taken advantage of Pleistocene river anastomosis to cross watersheds during periods of lowered sea level. No archaeofaunas of Pleistocene age are available. However, the presence of the driftwood catfish in Late Preceramic layers at the Aguadulce Shelter indicate that this species had moved into the Santa Maria drainage of the Santa Maria Biogeographical Province (SMBP) by 7000-4500 BP. Another South American species, a gar characin (Ctenolucius beani), is present in Early Ceramic (4500-2500 BP) deposits at the Aguadulce Shelter and also Monagrillo (4500-3300 BP) in the Parita drainage of the same province. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cooke, Richard; Jimenez, Maximo] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Cooke, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM cooker@si.edu; jimenezmax@hotmail.com NR 61 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 185 BP 46 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.01.002 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 326AZ UT WOS:000257631600006 ER PT J AU Martinez-Pastor, F Malo, AF Alaks, G Lacy, RC AF Martinez-Pastor, F. Malo, A. F. Alaks, G. Lacy, R. C. TI Captive breeding strategies affect sperm traits in Peromyscus leucopus SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International Congress on Animal Reproduction CY JUL 13-17, 2008 CL Budapest, HUNGARY C1 [Martinez-Pastor, F.] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Natl Wildlife Res Inst, JCCM, IREC,CSIC, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. [Malo, A. F.; Alaks, G.; Lacy, R. C.] Chicago Zool Soc, Dept Conservat Sci, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. [Malo, A. F.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RI Malo, Aurelio/D-3973-2011; Martinez-Pastor, Felipe/B-4277-2008 OI Malo, Aurelio/0000-0002-0846-2096; Martinez-Pastor, Felipe/0000-0003-2987-4302 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 43 BP 211 EP 211 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 367CE UT WOS:000260529300622 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI A look forward (Smithsonian Institution) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JUL PY 2008 VL 39 IS 4 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 318QZ UT WOS:000257108100007 ER PT J AU Pape, T Szpila, K Thompson, FC AF Pape, Thomas Szpila, Krzysztof Thompson, F. Christian TI What's in a frog stomach? Solving a 150-year-old mystery (Diptera : Calliphoridae) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The nominal taxon Acanthosoma chrysalis Mayer, 1844 is revised, and a lectotype is designated. The species, which was described from Germany from a number of alleged parasites encysted in the peritoneal wall of the stomach of edible frogs, is shown to be based on first instar larvae of blow flies (Calliphoridae). Argued from the shape and configuration of mouthhooks and abdominal cuticular spines, Acanthosoma Mayer, 1844 is shown to be a junior synonym of Onesia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, syn.n., and A. chrysalis is shown to be a junior synonym of O. floralis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, syn.n. This species is an obligate parasitoid of earthworms, and it is hypothesized that first instar larvae enter the frogs through infected earthworms. C1 [Pape, Thomas] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Szpila, Krzysztof] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Ecol & Environm Protect, Dept Anim Ecol, Torun, Poland. [Thompson, F. Christian] USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Pape, T (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, Univ Pk 15, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM tpape@snm.ku.dk RI Pape, Thomas/E-7520-2011; Szpila, Krzysztof/D-9927-2014 OI Pape, Thomas/0000-0001-6609-0609; NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 33 IS 3 BP 548 EP 551 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00420.x PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 316BA UT WOS:000256922700007 ER PT J AU Stine, JK AF Stine, Jeffrey K. TI Science for sale: The perils, rewards, and delusions of campus capitalism SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stine, Jeffrey K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stine, JK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 821 EP 822 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 334SW UT WOS:000258242500037 ER PT J AU Molella, AP AF Molella, Arthur P. TI Walt Disney: The triumph of the American imagination SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Molella, Arthur P.] Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Molella, AP (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2008 VL 49 IS 3 BP 823 EP 824 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 334SW UT WOS:000258242500038 ER PT J AU Oien, DI O'Neill, JP Whigham, DF McCormick, MK AF Oien, Dag-Inge O'Neill, John P. Whigham, Dennis F. McCormick, Melissa K. TI Germination ecology of the boreal-alpine terrestrial orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica (Orchidaceae) SO ANNALES BOTANICI FENNICI LA English DT Article DE Central Norway; life strategy; orchid mycorrhiza; protocorm development; rich fen; seed bank; seedling survival ID IN-SITU; INVITRO GERMINATION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS; SEED; DIFFERENTIATION; SPECIFICITY; RHIZOCTONIA; INFECTION; HOST AB In order to reveal some of the germination requirements of the boreal-alpine terrestrial orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica, several experiments were carried out on seeds collected from the Solendet nature reserve, central Norway. Seeds were sown in seed packets made of nylon cloth and deployed in situ vertically in the peat in order to study the temporal pattern of seed germination and determine if the seeds became part of the soil seed bank. In vitro germination experiments were carried out varying the growth media, fungal partner and chilling treatment, in order to study the effect of a fungal symbiont on germination and early protocorm development, and the possibility of a physiological seed dormancy. A high rate of germination a short time after sowing in the in vitro experiments together with a very low survival after deployment in the in situ experiments (0.2% after three years) indicate that D. lapponica seeds are not part of a long-lived soil seed bank. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that a fungal symbiont was not required for germination. Seeds sown in situ had very low germination rate (11%-12%) and lack of available nutrients is suggested as a possible explanation. Presence of a fungal symbiont clearly enhanced the early development of protocorms in vitro, and is probably necessary for the seedling to grow beyond the earliest protocorm stages under natural conditions. The results indicate that recruitment is highly variable and very low relative to population size, indicating that survival of established plants is crucial to the fate of a population. C1 [Oien, Dag-Inge] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Museum Nat Hist & Archaeol, Sect Nat Hist, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [O'Neill, John P.; Whigham, Dennis F.; McCormick, Melissa K.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Oien, DI (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Museum Nat Hist & Archaeol, Sect Nat Hist, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM dag.oien@vm.ntnu.no OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 46 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU FINNISH ZOOLOGICAL BOTANICAL PUBLISHING BOARD PI UNIV HELSINKI PA P O BOX 25, FIN-00014 UNIV HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0003-3847 J9 ANN BOT FENN JI Ann. Bot. Fenn. PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3 BP 161 EP 172 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 328NZ UT WOS:000257806400001 ER PT J AU Hackett, SJ Kimball, RT Reddy, S Bowie, RCK Braun, EL Braun, MJ Chojnowski, JL Cox, WA Han, KL Harshman, J Huddleston, CJ Marks, BD Miglia, KJ Moore, WS Sheldon, FH Steadman, DW Witt, CC Yuri, T AF Hackett, Shannon J. Kimball, Rebecca T. Reddy, Sushma Bowie, Rauri C. K. Braun, Edward L. Braun, Michael J. Chojnowski, Jena L. Cox, W. Andrew Han, Kin-Lan Harshman, John Huddleston, Christopher J. Marks, Ben D. Miglia, Kathleen J. Moore, William S. Sheldon, Frederick H. Steadman, David W. Witt, Christopher C. Yuri, Tamaki TI A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVE EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCES; SEQUENCES; CHARACTERS; UTILITY; GENES; TAXA AB Deep avian evolutionary relationships have been difficult to resolve as a result of a putative explosive radiation. Our study examined similar to 32 kilobases of aligned nuclear DNA sequences from 19 independent loci for 169 species, representing all major extant groups, and recovered a robust phylogeny from a genome- wide signal supported by multiple analytical methods. We documented well- supported, previously unrecognized interordinal relationships ( such as a sister relationship between passerines and parrots) and corroborated previously contentious groupings ( such as flamingos and grebes). Our conclusions challenge current classifications and alter our understanding of trait evolution; for example, some diurnal birds evolved from nocturnal ancestors. Our results provide a valuable resource for phylogenetic and comparative studies in birds. C1 [Kimball, Rebecca T.; Braun, Edward L.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; Han, Kin-Lan; Yuri, Tamaki] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Hackett, Shannon J.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Harshman, John] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Zool, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Bowie, Rauri C. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowie, Rauri C. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowie, Rauri C. K.] Percy Fitzpatrick Inst African Ornithol, Dept Sci & Technol, Natl Res Fdn Ctr Excellence, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Bowie, Rauri C. K.] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Braun, Michael J.; Han, Kin-Lan; Huddleston, Christopher J.; Yuri, Tamaki] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Braun, Edward L.; Han, Kin-Lan] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marks, Ben D.; Sheldon, Frederick H.; Witt, Christopher C.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Miglia, Kathleen J.; Moore, William S.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Steadman, David W.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Witt, Christopher C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Witt, Christopher C.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Kimball, RT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM rkimball@ufl.edu RI Han, Kin-Lan/G-7121-2011; Witt, Christopher/D-8587-2012; Kimball, Rebecca/C-2290-2009; OI Witt, Christopher/0000-0003-2781-1543; Cox, William/0000-0002-1205-5979; Braun, Edward/0000-0003-1643-5212; Kimball, Rebecca/0000-0001-5449-5481; Bowie, Rauri/0000-0001-8328-6021 NR 31 TC 867 Z9 884 U1 24 U2 377 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 27 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5884 BP 1763 EP 1768 DI 10.1126/science.1157704 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 318VP UT WOS:000257121200035 PM 18583609 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Dunlop, JS Peck, AB Ivison, RJ Biggs, AD Chapin, EL Clements, DL Dye, S Greve, TR Hughes, DH Iono, D Smail, I Krips, M Petitpas, GR Wilner, D Schael, AM Wilson, CD AF Younger, J. D. Dunlop, J. S. Peck, A. B. Ivison, R. J. Biggs, A. D. Chapin, E. L. Clements, D. L. Dye, S. Greve, T. R. Hughes, D. H. Iono, D. Smail, I. Krips, M. Petitpas, G. R. Wilner, D. Schael, A. M. Wilson, C. D. TI Clarifying the nature of the brightest submillimetre sources: interferometric imaging of LH 850.02 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; cosmology : observations; submillimetre ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; DEGREE EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BACKGROUND EXPERIMENT SEARCH; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; SCUBA SUPER-MAP; 14 HOUR FIELD AB We present high-resolution interferometric imaging of LH 850.02, the brightest 850- and 1200-mu m submillimetre (submm) galaxy in the Lockman Hole. Our observations were made at 890 mu m with the Submillimetre Array (SMA). Our high-resolution submm imaging detects LH 850.02 at greater than or similar to 6 sigma as a single compact (size less than or similar to 1 arcsec or less than or similar to 8 kpc) point source and yields its absolute position to similar to 0.2-arcsec accuracy. LH 850.02 has two alternative radio counterparts within the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) beam (LH 850.02N and LH 850.02S), both of which are statistically very unlikely to be so close to the SCUBA source position by chance. However, the precise astrometry from the SMA shows that the submm emission arises entirely from LH 850.02N, and is not associated with LH 850.02S (by far the brighter of the two alternative identifications at 24 mu m). Fits to the optical-infrared (IR) multicolour photometry of LH 850.02N and LH 850.02S indicate that both lie at z approximate to 3.3, and are therefore likely to be physically associated. At these redshifts, the 24-mu m-to-submm flux density ratios suggest that LH 850.02N has an Arp 220-type starburst-dominated far-IR spectral energy distribution (SED), while LH 850.02S is more similar to Mrk 231, with less dust enshrouded star formation activity, but a significant contribution at 24 mu m (rest frame 5-6 mu m) from an active nucleus. This complex mix of star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in multicomponent sources may be common in the high-redshift ultraluminous galaxy population, and highlights the need for precise astrometry from high-resolution interferometric imaging for a more complete understanding. C1 [Younger, J. D.; Peck, A. B.; Krips, M.; Petitpas, G. R.; Wilner, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dunlop, J. S.; Ivison, R. J.; Schael, A. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Chapin, E. L.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T IZ1, Canada. [Peck, A. B.] Joint ALMA Off, Santiago 7550108, Chile. [Ivison, R. J.; Biggs, A. D.] UK Astron Technol Ctr, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Clements, D. L.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BW, England. [Dye, S.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Greve, T. R.] Max Planck Inst Astron, Dept Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hughes, D. H.] INAOE, Tonantzintla, Peubla, Mexico. [Iono, D.] NAOJ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Smail, I.] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Wilson, C. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jyounger@cfa.harvard.edu RI Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Dye, Simon/0000-0002-1318-8343 NR 98 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 2 BP 707 EP 712 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13241.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 312RO UT WOS:000256688700016 ER PT J AU Coe, MJ Schurch, M Corbet, RHD Galache, J McBride, VA Townsend, LJ Udalski, A AF Coe, M. J. Schurch, M. Corbet, R. H. D. Galache, J. McBride, V. A. Townsend, L. J. Udalski, A. TI An optical and X-ray study of the counterpart to the Small Magellanic Cloud X-ray binary pulsar system SXP327 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID CATALOG; SMC AB Optical and X-ray observations are presented here of a newly reported X-ray transient system in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The data reveal many previously unknown X-ray detections of this system and clear evidence for a 45.99 d binary period. In addition, the optical photometry shows recurring outburst features at the binary period which may be well indicative of the neutron star interacting with a circumstellar disc around a Be star. C1 [Coe, M. J.; Schurch, M.; McBride, V. A.; Townsend, L. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Galache, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Udalski, A.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. RP Coe, MJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM m.j.coe@soton.ac.uk NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 21 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 2 BP 724 EP 728 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13257.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 312RO UT WOS:000256688700018 ER PT J AU Lidz, A Zahn, O McQuinn, M Zaldarriaga, M Hernquist, L AF Lidz, Adam Zahn, Oliver McQuinn, Matthew Zaldarriaga, Matias Hernquist, Lars TI Detecting the rise and fall of 21 cm fluctuations with the Murchison Widefield Array SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; QUASAR NEAR-ZONES; LY-ALPHA EMITTERS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HII-REGIONS; PATCHY REIONIZATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; 21-CM OBSERVATIONS AB We forecast the sensitivity with which the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) can measure the 21 cm power spectrum of cosmic hydrogen. The MWA is sensitive to roughly a decade in scale (wavenumbers of k similar to 0.1-1 h Mpc(-1)). This amounts primarily to constraints on two numbers: the amplitude and the slope of the 21 cm power spectrum on the scales probed. We find, however, that the redshift evolution in these quantities can yield important information about reionization. We examine a range of theoretical models, spanning uncertainties in the nature of the ionizing sources and the abundance of minihalos during reionization. Although the power spectrum differs substantially among these models, a generic prediction is that the amplitude of the 21 cm power spectrum on MWA scales (k similar to 0.4 hMpc(-1)) peaks near the epoch when the intergalactic medium (IGM) is approximate to 50% ionized. Moreover, the slope of the 21 cm power spectrum flattens as the ionization fraction increases and the sizes of the H II regions grow. With regards to detection sensitivity, we show that the optimal MWA antenna configuration for power spectrum measurements would pack all 500 antenna tiles as closely as possible in a compact core. Detecting the characteristic redshift evolution of our models will help to confirm that observed 21 cm fluctuations originate from the IGM, and not from foregrounds, and will provide an indirect constraint on the evolution of the volume-filling factor of H II regions during reionization. After two years of observations, the MWA can constrain the filling factor at an epoch when < x(i)> similar to 0.5 to within roughly +/- delta < x(i)> similar to 0.1 at 2 sigma confidence. C1 [Lidz, Adam; Zahn, Oliver; McQuinn, Matthew; Zaldarriaga, Matias; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zahn, Oliver] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, Oliver] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zaldarriaga, Matias] Harvard Univ, Jefferson Lab Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lidz, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 57 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 962 EP 974 DI 10.1086/587618 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400010 ER PT J AU Williams, BF Gaetz, TJ Haberl, F Pietsch, W Shporer, A Ghavamian, P Plucinsky, PP Mazeh, T Sasaki, M Pannuti, TG AF Williams, Benjamin F. Gaetz, Terrance J. Haberl, Frank Pietsch, Wolfgang Shporer, Avi Ghavamian, Parviz Plucinsky, Paul P. Mazeh, T. Sasaki, Manami Pannuti, Thomas G. TI The Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChAseM33): Transient X-ray sources discovered in M33 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; galaxies : individual (M33); X-rays : binaries; X-rays : stars ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY; XMM-NEWTON SURVEY; BINARY POPULATION; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; LIGHT CURVES; GALAXY M33; SPECTROSCOPY; NOVAE AB The Chandra ACIS Survey of M33 (ChASeM33) has acquired seven fields of ACIS data covering M33 with 200 ks of exposure in each field. A catalog from the first 10 months of data, along with archival Chandra observations dating back to the year 2000, is currently available. We have searched these data for transient sources that are measured to have a 0.35-8.0 keV unabsorbed luminosity of at least 4 x 10(35) ergs s(-1) in one epoch and are not detected in another epoch. This set of the survey data has yielded seven such sources, including one previously known supersoft source. We analyzed XMM-Newton data from the archive distributed over the years 2000-2003 to search for recurrent outbursts and to get a spectrum for the supersoft transient. We find only one recurrent transient in our sample. The X-ray spectra, light curves, and optical counterpart candidates of two of the other sources suggest that they are high-mass X-ray binaries. Archival Spitzer photometry and high X-ray absorption suggest that one of the sources is a highly variable background active galactic nucleus. The other three sources are more difficult to classify. The bright transient population of M33 appears to contain a large fraction of high-mass X-ray binaries compared with the transient populations of M31 and the Galaxy, reflecting the later morphology of M33. C1 [Williams, Benjamin F.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gaetz, Terrance J.; Plucinsky, Paul P.; Sasaki, Manami] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Haberl, Frank; Pietsch, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Shporer, Avi; Mazeh, T.] Tel Aviv Univ, Wise Observ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Shporer, Avi; Mazeh, T.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ghavamian, Parviz] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pannuti, Thomas G.] Morehead State Univ, Ctr Space Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. RP Williams, BF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ben@astro.washington.edu; gaetz@ead.cfa.harvard.edu; fwh@mpe.mpg.de; wnp@mpe.mpg.de; shporer@wise.tau.ac.il; parviz@pha.jhu.edu; plucinsk@head.cfa.harvard.edu; mazeh@wise.tau.ac.il; msasaki@cfa.harvard.edu; t.pannuti@morehead-st.edu RI Sasaki, Manami/P-3045-2016; OI Sasaki, Manami/0000-0001-5302-1866; Haberl, Frank/0000-0002-0107-5237 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1120 EP 1131 DI 10.1086/587885 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400022 ER PT J AU Rest, A Matheson, T Blondin, S Bergmann, M Welch, DL Suntzeff, NB Smith, RC Olsen, K Prieto, JL Garg, A Challis, P Stubbs, C Hicken, M Modjaz, M Wood-Vasey, WM Zenteno, A Damke, G Newman, A Huber, M Cook, KH Nikolaev, S Becker, AC Miceli, A Covarrubias, R Morelli, L Pignata, G Clocchiatti, A Minniti, D Foley, RJ AF Rest, A. Matheson, T. Blondin, S. Bergmann, M. Welch, D. L. Suntzeff, N. B. Smith, R. C. Olsen, K. Prieto, J. L. Garg, A. Challis, P. Stubbs, C. Hicken, M. Modjaz, M. Wood-Vasey, W. M. Zenteno, A. Damke, G. Newman, A. Huber, M. Cook, K. H. Nikolaev, S. Becker, A. C. Miceli, A. Covarrubias, R. Morelli, L. Pignata, G. Clocchiatti, A. Minniti, D. Foley, R. J. TI Spectral identification of an ancient supernova using light echoes in the Large Magellanic Cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (SNR 0509-67.5); Magellanic Clouds; supernovae : general; supernova remnants ID SOUTHERN SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; IA SUPERNOVAE; NOVA-PERSEI; MILKY-WAY; SN 1991T; DUST; SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTIONS; EXTINCTION AB We report the successful identification of the type of the supernova (SN) responsible for the supernova remnant SNR 0509-675 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using Gemini spectra of surrounding light echoes. The ability to classify outbursts associated with centuries-old remnants provides a new window into several aspects of SN research and is likely to be successful in providing new constraints on additional LMC SNe, as well as their historical counterparts in the Milky Way (MW). The combined spectrum of echo light from SNR 0509-675 shows broad emission and absorption lines consistent with a SN spectrum. We create a spectral library consisting of 28 SNe Ia and 6 SNe Ib/c that are time-integrated, dust-scattered by LMC dust, and reddened by the LMC and MW. We fit these SN templates to the observed light echo spectrum using chi(2) minimization, as well as correlation techniques, and we find that overluminous 1991T-like SNe Ia with Delta m(15) < 0.9 match the observed spectrum best. C1 [Rest, A.; Smith, R. C.; Olsen, K.; Zenteno, A.; Damke, G.] CTIO, La Serena, Chile. [Rest, A.; Garg, A.; Stubbs, C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Blondin, S.; Challis, P.; Stubbs, C.; Hicken, M.; Modjaz, M.; Wood-Vasey, W. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bergmann, M.] Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Welch, D. L.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Suntzeff, N. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Prieto, J. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Newman, A.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Huber, M.; Cook, K. H.; Nikolaev, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Becker, A. C.; Miceli, A.; Covarrubias, R.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Covarrubias, R.] Las Campanas Observ OCIW, La Serena, Chile. [Morelli, L.; Pignata, G.; Clocchiatti, A.; Minniti, D.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago 22, Chile. [Pignata, G.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Foley, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rest, A (reprint author), CTIO, Colina Pino S-N, La Serena, Chile. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 69 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1137 EP 1148 DI 10.1086/587158 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400024 ER PT J AU Dobler, G Finkbeiner, DP AF Dobler, Gregory Finkbeiner, Douglas P. TI Extended anomalous foreground emission in the WMAP three-year data SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; dust, extinction; ISM : clouds; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal radio; continuum : ISM ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM EMISSION; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; GALACTIC PLANE; SPINNING DUST; RADIATION; SEPARATION; SKY; POLARIZATION; RESOLUTION AB We study the spectral and morphological characteristics of the diffuse Galactic emission in the WMAP temperature data using a template-based multilinear regression, and obtain the following results. (1) We confirm previous observations of a bump in the dust-correlated spectrum, consistent with the Draine & Lazarian spinning dust model. (2) We also confirm the "haze" signal in the inner Galaxy, and argue that it does not follow a free-free spectrum as first thought, but instead is synchrotron emission from a hard electron cosmic-ray population. (3) In a departure from previous work, we allow the spectrum of H alpha-correlated emission (which is used to trace the free-free component) to float in the fit, and find that it does not follow the expected free-free spectrum. Instead there is a bump near 50 GHz, modifying the spectrum at the 20% level, which we speculate is caused by spinning dust in the warm ionized medium. (4) The derived cross-correlation spectra are not sensitive to the map zero points, but are sensitive to the choice of CMB estimator. In cases where the CMB estimator is derived by minimizing variance of a linear combination of the WMAP bands, we show that a bias proportional to the cross-correlation of each template and the true CMB is always present. This bias can be larger than any of the foreground signals in some bands. (5) Lastly, we consider the frequency coverage and sensitivity of the Planck mission, and suggest linear combination coefficients for the CMB template that will reduce both the statistical and systematic uncertainty in the synchrotron and haze spectra by more than an order of magnitude. C1 [Dobler, Gregory; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dobler, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gdobler@cfa.harvard.edu NR 33 TC 162 Z9 163 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1222 EP 1234 DI 10.1086/587862 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400032 ER PT J AU Dobler, G Finkbeiner, DP AF Dobler, Gregory Finkbeiner, Douglas P. TI Identification of spinning dust in H alpha-correlated microwave emission SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE diffuse radiation; dust, extinction; ISM : clouds; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; radio continuum : ISM ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM EMISSION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; ANISOTROPY-PROBE; SKY; GHZ; RADIATION; GRAINS; FOREGROUNDS; RESOLUTION AB CMB experiments commonly use maps of H alpha intensity as a spatial template for Galactic free-free emission, assuming a power law I-nu alpha nu(-0.15) for the spectrum. Any departure from the assumed free-free spectrum could have a detrimental effect on determination of the primary CMB anisotropy. We show that the H alpha-correlated emission spectrum in the diffuse WIM is not the expected free-free spectrum at WMAP frequencies. Instead, there is a broad bump in the spectrum at similar to 50 GHz which is consistent with emission from spinning dust grains. Spectra from both the full sky and smaller regions of interest are well fit by a superposition of a free-free and "warm ionized medium" Draine & Lazarian spinning dust model, shifted in frequency. The spinning dust emission is similar to 5 times weaker than the free-free component at 50 GHz, with the null hypothesis that the H alpha-correlated spectrum is pure free-free ruled out at >= 8 sigma in all regions and > 100 sigma for the full-sky fit. C1 [Dobler, Gregory; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dobler, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gdobler@cfa.harvard.edu; dfinkbeiner@cfa.harvard.edu NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1235 EP 1242 DI 10.1086/587863 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400033 ER PT J AU Spezzi, L Alcala, JM Covino, E Frasca, A Gandolfi, D Oliveira, I Chapman, N Evans, NJ Huard, TL Jorgensen, JK Merin, B Stapelfeldt, KR AF Spezzi, Loredana Alcala, Juan M. Covino, Elvira Frasca, Antonio Gandolfi, Davide Oliveira, Isa Chapman, Nicholas Evans, Neal J., II Huard, Tracy L. Jorgensen, Jes K. Merin, Bruno Stapelfeldt, Karl R. TI The young population of the Chamaeleon II dark cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID LOW-MASS STARS; T-TAURI STARS; SPITZER C2D SURVEY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; BROWN DWARF POPULATION; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK MASSES; ORION NEBULA CLUSTER; FORMING REGION; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; STELLAR OBJECTS AB We discuss the results of the optical spectroscopic follow-up of pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects and candidates selected in the Chamaeleon II dark cloud based on data from the Spitzer Legacy survey "From Molecular Cores to Planet Forming Disks" (c2d) and from previous surveys. Our sample includes both objects with infrared excess selected according to c2d criteria and referred to as young stellar objects and other cloud members and candidates selected from complementary optical and near-infrared data. We characterize the sample of objects by deriving their physical parameters. The vast majority of objects have masses M <= 1 M-circle dot and ages < 6 Myr. Several of the PMS objects and candidates lie very close to or below the hydrogen-burning limit. A first estimate of the slope of the initial mass function in Cha II is consistent with that of other T associations. The star formation efficiency in the cloud (1%-4%) is consistent with our own estimates for Taurus and Lupus, but significantly lower than for Cha I. This might mean that different star formation activities in the Chamaeleon clouds may reflect a different history of star formation. We also find that the Cha II cloud is turning some 8 M-circle dot into stars every megayear, which is less than the star formation rate in the other c2d clouds. However, the star formation rate is not steady and evidence is found that the star formation in Cha II might have occurred very rapidly. The H alpha emission of the Cha II PMS objects, as well as possible correlations between their stellar and disk properties, is also investigated. C1 [Spezzi, Loredana; Alcala, Juan M.; Covino, Elvira] INAF OA Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Spezzi, Loredana; Frasca, Antonio; Gandolfi, Davide] INAF OA Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Oliveira, Isa] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Oliveira, Isa] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Chapman, Nicholas] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Evans, Neal J., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Huard, Tracy L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jorgensen, Jes K.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Merin, Bruno] European Space Agcy, Res & Sci Support Dept, ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Stapelfeldt, Karl R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Spezzi, L (reprint author), INAF OA Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. EM lspezzi@oact.inaf.it; afr@oact.inaf.it; isa@gps.caltech.edu; chapman@astro.umd.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; thuard@cfa.harvard.edu; jes@astro.uni-bonn.de; bmerin@rssd.esa.int; krs@exoplanet.jpl.nasa.gov RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Alcala, Juan Manuel/0000-0001-8657-095X; Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896; Covino, Elvira/0000-0002-6187-6685; Gandolfi, Davide/0000-0001-8627-9628; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 NR 112 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1295 EP 1318 DI 10.1086/587931 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400038 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Raymond, J Reynolds, CS Fabian, AC Kallman, TR Homan, J AF Miller, J. M. Raymond, J. Reynolds, C. S. Fabian, A. C. Kallman, T. R. Homan, J. TI The accretion disk wind in the black hole GRO J1655-40 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : spectroscopic (GRO J1655-40); black hole physics; relativity ID RESOLVED ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; GRO J1655-40; EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS; ABSORPTION-LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; DRIVEN; MASS; SPECTRA; CHANDRA AB We report on simultaneous Chandra HETGS and RXTE observations of the transient stellar-mass black hole GRO J1655-40, made during its 2005 outburst. Chandra reveals a line-rich X-ray absorption spectrum consistent with a disk wind. Prior modeling of the spectrum suggested that the wind may be magnetically driven, potentially providing insights into the nature of disk accretion onto black holes. In this paper, we present results obtained with new models for this spectrum, generated using three independent photoionization codes: XSTAR, Cloudy, and our own code. Fits to the spectrum in particular narrow wavelength ranges, in evenly spaced wavelength slices, and across a broad wavelength band all strongly prefer a combination of high density, high ionization, and small inner radius. Indeed, the results obtained from all three codes require a wind that originates more than 10 times closer to the black hole and carrying a mass flux that is on the order of 1000 times higher than predicted by thermal driving models. If seminal work on thermally driven disk winds is robust, magnetic forces may play a role in driving the disk wind in GRO J1655-40. However, even these modeling efforts must be regarded as crude given the complexity of the spectra. We discuss these results in the context of accretion flows in black holes and other compact objects. C1 [Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Raymond, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reynolds, C. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fabian, A. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. [Kallman, T. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Homan, J.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonmm@umich.edu NR 57 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1359 EP 1377 DI 10.1086/588521 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400042 ER PT J AU Pal, A Bakos, GA Torres, G Noyes, RW Latham, DW Kovacs, G Marcy, GW Fischer, DA Butler, RP Sasselov, DD Sipocz, B Esquerdo, GA Kovacs, G Stefanik, R Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Pal, A. Bakos, G. A. Torres, G. Noyes, R. W. Latham, D. W. Kovacs, Geza Marcy, G. W. Fischer, D. A. Butler, R. P. Sasselov, D. D. Sipocz, B. Esquerdo, G. A. Kovacs, Gabor Stefanik, R. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI HAT-P-7b: An extremely hot massive planet transiting a bright star in the Kepler field SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (GSC 03547-01402, HAT-P-7) techniques : spectroscopic ID EXTRASOLAR PLANET; LIGHT CURVES; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; K-DWARF; STELLAR; ATMOSPHERES; JUPITERS; SEARCH; TOOL; CANDIDATES AB We report on the latest discovery of the HATNet project: a very hot giant planet orbiting a bright (V = 10.5) star with a small semimajor axis of a = 0.0377 +/- 0: 0005 AU. Ephemeris for the system is P = 2.2047299 +/- 0.0000040 days, midtransit time E 2,453; 790.2593 +/- 0.0010 (BJD). Based on the available spectroscopic data on the host star and photometry of the system, the planet has a mass M(p) = 1.78(-0.05)(+0.08) M(J) and radius of Rp = 1.36(-0.09)(+0.20) R(J). The parent star is a slightly evolved F6 star with M(star) = 1.47(-0.05)(+0.08) M(circle dot), R(star) = 1.84(-0.11)(+0.23) R(circle dot), T(eff) = 6350 +/- 80 K, and metallicity [Fe/H] = +0.26 +/- 0.08. relatively hot and large host star, combined with the close orbit of the planet, yield a very high planetary irradiance of 4.71(-0.55)(+1.44) x 10(9) erg cm(-2) s(-1), which places the planet near the top of the pM class of irradiated planets as defined by Fortney et al. If as predicted by Fortney et al. the planet reradiates its absorbed energy before distributing it to the night side, the day-side temperature should be about 2730(-100)(+150) K. Because the host star is quite bright, measurement of the secondary eclipse should be feasible for ground-based telescopes, providing a good opportunity to compare the predictions of current hot Jupiter atmospheric models with the observations. Moreover, the host star falls in the field of the upcoming Kepler mission; hence extensive space-borne follow-up, including not only primary transit and secondary eclipse observations but also asteroseismology, will be possible. C1 [Pal, A.; Bakos, G. A.; Torres, G.; Noyes, R. W.; Latham, D. W.; Sasselov, D. D.; Sipocz, B.; Esquerdo, G. A.; Kovacs, Gabor; Stefanik, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pal, A.; Sipocz, B.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, Budapest, Hungary. [Kovacs, Geza] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. [Marcy, G. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, D. A.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Butler, R. P.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Lazar, J.; Papp, I.; Sari, P.] Hungarian Astron Assoc, Budapest, Hungary. RP Pal, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM apal@cfa.harvard.edu RI Butler, Robert/B-1125-2009; OI Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 NR 45 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1450 EP 1456 DI 10.1086/588010 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400051 ER PT J AU Liu, R Gilbert, HR Alexander, D Su, YN AF Liu, Rui Gilbert, Holly R. Alexander, David Su, Yingna TI The effect of magnetic reconnection and writhing in a partial filament eruption SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : filaments ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; LARGE-SCALE CORONA; FLUX ROPES; DRIVEN EVOLUTION; ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR-FLARES; INITIATION; HELICITY; PROMINENCES; SIGMOIDS AB We present observations from 2007 March 2 of a partial filament eruption characterized by two distinct phases of writhing motions: a quasi-static, slowly evolving phase followed by a rapid kinking phase showing a bifurcation of the filament. The quasi-static kinking motions are observed before there is any heating or flaring evident in EUV or soft X-ray (SXR) observations. As the writhe of the filament develops, a sigmoid becomes sharply defined in the SXR. Prior to eruption onset, the sigmoid in the EUV appears to be composed of two separate looplike structures, which are discontinuous at the projected location where the sigmoid crosses the filament. Coincident with the onset of the eruption and the production of a GOES class B2 flare, the original "two-loop'' EUV sigmoid is now observed as a single continuous structure lying above the filament, signifying the presence of magnetic reconnection and the associated dissipative heating of field lines above the filament. During the eruption, the escaping portion of the filament rotates quickly and erupts together with the expanding arched sigmoid. The portion of the filament that is left behind develops into an inverse S-shaped configuration. The separation of the filament, the EUV brightening at the separation location, and the surviving sigmoidal structure are all signatures of magnetic reconnection occurring within the body of the original filament. Other features of the same event reported by Sterling and coworkers, e. g., the flux cancellation at the polarity inversion line prior to the eruption and the SXR compact loop formed underneath the erupting sigmoid during the eruption, indicate that magnetic reconnection also occurred in the sheared core field beneath the filament. These results suggest that a combination of the kinking motions and internal tether-cutting are responsible for the initiation of the eruption. C1 [Liu, Rui; Gilbert, Holly R.; Alexander, David] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Su, Yingna] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Su, Yingna] Acad Sinica, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Su, Yingna] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. RP Liu, R (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM rliu@rice.edu RI Liu, Rui/B-4107-2012; Gilbert, Holly/C-7215-2012 OI Liu, Rui/0000-0003-4618-4979; NR 37 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1508 EP 1515 DI 10.1086/587482 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400056 ER PT J AU Hasan, SS van Ballegooijen, AA AF Hasan, S. S. van Ballegooijen, A. A. TI Dynamics of the solar magnetic network. II. Heating the magnetized chromosphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE MHD; Sun : chromosphere; Sun : magnetic fields; Sun : oscillations ID PHOTOSPHERIC FLUX TUBES; BRIGHT POINTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ATMOSPHERIC OSCILLATIONS; MAGNETOACOUSTIC SHOCKS; HINODE OBSERVATIONS; FIELD INCLINATION; ACTIVE REGIONS; WAVES; ELEMENTS AB We consider recent observations of the chromospheric network and argue that the bright network grains observed in the Ca II H and K lines are heated by an as-yet-unidentified quasi-steady process. We propose that the heating is caused by dissipation of short-period magnetoacoustic waves in magnetic flux tubes (periods less than 100 s). Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of such waves are presented. We consider wave generation in the network due to two separate processes: (1) transverse motions at the base of the flux tube and (2) the absorption of acoustic waves generated in the ambient medium. We find that the former mechanism leads to efficient heating of the chromosphere by slow magnetoacoustic waves propagating along magnetic field lines. This heating is produced by shock waves with a horizontal size of a few hundred kilometers. In contrast, acoustic waves excited in the ambient medium are converted into transverse fast modes that travel rapidly through the flux tube and do not form shocks, unless the acoustic sources are located within 100 km from the tube axis. We conclude that the magnetic network may be heated by magnetoacoustic waves that are generated in or near the flux tubes. C1 [Hasan, S. S.] Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. [van Ballegooijen, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hasan, SS (reprint author), Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. EM hasan@iiap.res.in RI Hasan, Siraj/C-2927-2012; OI van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 66 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP 1542 EP 1552 DI 10.1086/587773 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313PL UT WOS:000256752400060 ER PT J AU Tappe, A Lada, CJ Black, JH Muench, AA AF Tappe, A. Lada, C. J. Black, J. H. Muench, A. A. TI Discovery of superthermal hydroxyl (OH) in the HH 211 outflow SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM : Herbig-Haro objects; ISM : individual (HH 211); ISM : jets and outflows; ISM : molecules; shock waves ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; WATER ICE; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; INFRARED-EMISSION; SHOCK-WAVES; LINE SURVEY; ORION KL; IC-348; SWAS AB We present a 5 - 37 mu m infrared spectrum obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope toward the southeastern lobe of the young protostellar outflow HH 211. The spectrum shows an extraordinary sequence of OH emission lines arising in highly excited rotational levels up to an energy K above the ground level. This is, E/k approximate to 28,200 to our knowledge, by far the highest rotational excitation of OH observed in the interstellar medium. The spectrum also contains several pure rotational transitions of H(2)O (nu = 0), H(2)(nu = 0) S(0) - S(7), HD (nu = 0) R(3) - R(6), and atomic fine-structure lines of [Fe II], [Si II], [Ne II], [S I], and [CI I]. The origin of the highly excited OH emission is most likely the photodissociation of H(2)O by the UV radiation generated in the terminal outflow shock of HH 211. C1 [Tappe, A.; Lada, C. J.; Muench, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Black, J. H.] Chalmers, Onsala Space Observ, SE-43992 Onsala, Sweden. RP Tappe, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-72, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM atappe@cfa.harvard.edu OI Muench, August/0000-0003-0666-6367 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/589998 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DZ UT WOS:000256722600006 ER PT J AU Yeates, AR Mackay, DH van Ballegooijen, AA AF Yeates, A. R. Mackay, D. H. van Ballegooijen, A. A. TI Evolution and distribution of current helicity in full-Sun simulations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : magnetic fields ID SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS; CORONAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; VECTOR MAGNETOGRAMS; CYCLE; PROMINENCES; FILAMENT; FORCE; CHIRALITY; MODEL; FLUX AB Current helicity quantifies the location of twisted and sheared nonpotential structures in a magnetic field. We simulate the evolution of magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere in response to flux emergence and shearing by photospheric motions. In our global-scale simulation over many solar rotations, the latitudinal distribution of current helicity develops a clear statistical pattern, matching the observed hemispheric sign at active latitudes. In agreement with observations, there is significant scatter and intermixing of both signs of helicity, where we find local values of current helicity density that are much higher than those predicted by linear force-free extrapolations. Forthcoming full-disk vector magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory will provide an ideal opportunity to test our theoretical results on the evolution and distribution of current helicity, both globally and in single active regions. C1 [Yeates, A. R.; Mackay, D. H.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [van Ballegooijen, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Yeates, AR (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM anthony@mcs.st-and.ac.uk; duncan@mcs.st-and.ac.uk; vanballe@cfa.harvard.edu RI Yeates, Anthony/D-1338-2014; OI Yeates, Anthony/0000-0002-2728-4053; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 20 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 2 BP L165 EP L168 DI 10.1086/590057 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DZ UT WOS:000256722600018 ER PT J AU Schmidt, ME Ruff, SW Mccoy, TJ Farrand, WH Johnson, JR Gellert, R Ming, DW Morris, RV Cabrol, N Lewis, KW Schroeder, C AF Schmidt, Mariek E. Ruff, Steven W. McCoy, Timothy J. Farrand, William H. Johnson, Jeffrey R. Gellert, Ralf Ming, Douglas W. Morris, Richard V. Cabrol, Nathalie Lewis, Kevin W. Schroeder, Christian TI Hydrothermal origin of halogens at Home Plate, Gusev Crater SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARTIAN METEORITES; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SPIRIT ROVER; MARS; ASSEMBLAGES; CHEMISTRY; CHLORINE; MAGMAS; FLUIDS; SOILS AB In the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater is Home Plate, an 80 m platform of layered clastic rocks of the Barnhill class with microscopic and macroscopic textures, including a bomb sag, suggestive of a phreatomagmatic origin. We present data acquired by the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover by Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS), Mossbauer Spectrometer, Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES), and Panoramic Camera (Pancam) for the Barnhill class rocks and nearby vesicular Irvine class basalts. In major element concentrations (e. g., SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, and FeO*), the two rock classes are similar, suggesting that they are derived from a similar magmatic source. The Barnhill class, however, has higher abundances of Cl, Br, Zn, and Ge with comparable SO3 to the Irvine basalts. Nanophase ferric oxide (np ox) and volcanic glass were detected in the Barnhill class rocks by Mossbauer and Mini-TES, respectively, and imply greater alteration and cooling rates in the Barnhill than in the Irvine class rocks. The high volatile elements in the Barnhill class agree with volcanic textures that imply interaction with a briny groundwater during eruption and (or) by later alteration. Differences in composition between the Barnhill and Irvine classes allow the fingerprinting of a Na-Mg-Zn-Ge-Cl-Br (+/- Fe +/- Ca +/- CO2) brine with low S. Nearby sulfate salt soils of fumarolic origin may reflect fractionation of an acidic S-rich vapor during boiling of a hydrothermal brine at depth. Persistent groundwater was likely present during and after the formation of Home Plate. C1 [Schmidt, Mariek E.; McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ming, Douglas W.; Morris, Richard V.; Schroeder, Christian] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ruff, Steven W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lewis, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Johnson, Jeffrey R.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Gellert, Ralf] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Cabrol, Nathalie] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Farrand, William H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Schmidt, ME (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitution Ave, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM schmidtm@si.edu RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; NR 74 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S12 DI 10.1029/2007JE003027 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 317ZK UT WOS:000257058800001 ER PT J AU Lindner, A Cairns, SD Cunningham, CW AF Lindner, Alberto Cairns, Stephen D. Cunningham, Clifford W. TI From Offshore to Onshore: Multiple Origins of Shallow-Water Corals from Deep-Sea Ancestors SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Shallow-water tropical reefs and the deep sea represent the two most diverse marine environments. Understanding the origin and diversification of this biodiversity is a major quest in ecology and evolution. The most prominent and well-supported explanation, articulated since the first explorations of the deep sea, holds that benthic marine fauna originated in shallow, onshore environments, and diversified into deeper waters. In contrast, evidence that groups of marine organisms originated in the deep sea is limited, and the possibility that deep-water taxa have contributed to the formation of shallow-water communities remains untested with phylogenetic methods. Here we show that stylasterid corals (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae)-the second most diverse group of hard corals-originated and diversified extensively in the deep sea, and subsequently invaded shallow waters. Our phylogenetic results show that deep-water stylasterid corals have invaded the shallow-water tropics three times, with one additional invasion of the shallow-water temperate zone. Our results also show that anti-predatory innovations arose in the deep sea, but were not involved in the shallow-water invasions. These findings are the first robust evidence that an important group of tropical shallow-water marine animals evolved from deep-water ancestors. C1 [Lindner, Alberto] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Cairns, Stephen D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Natural Hist, Washington, DC USA. [Cunningham, Clifford W.] Duke Univ, Biol Dept, Durham, NC USA. RP Lindner, A (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM alindner@usp.br RI Lindner, Alberto/E-1946-2013; Cunningham, Clifford/B-9807-2014 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9978086]; Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology [grant-in-aid of research]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior [BEX0917-0]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [06/02960-8/60327-0] FX This work was funded by a National Science Foundation grant (NSF PEET DEB-9978086) to CWC and SDC and by a Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology grant-in-aid of research, a scholarship from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES BEX0917-0), and a postdoctoral fellowship and grant from Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP 06/02960-8/60327-0) to AL. NR 46 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 19 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 18 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 6 AR e2429 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002429 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 406FP UT WOS:000263280700014 PM 18560569 ER PT J AU Mccoy, TJ Sims, M Schmidt, ME Edwards, L Tornabene, LL Crumpler, LS Cohen, BA Soderblom, LA Blaney, DL Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Rice, JW Treguier, E d'Uston, C Grant, JA McSween, HY Golombek, MP Haldemann, AFC de Souza, PA AF McCoy, T. J. Sims, M. Schmidt, M. E. Edwards, L. Tornabene, L. L. Crumpler, L. S. Cohen, B. A. Soderblom, L. A. Blaney, D. L. Squyres, S. W. Arvidson, R. E. Rice, J. W., Jr. Treguier, E. d'Uston, C. Grant, J. A. McSween, H. Y., Jr. Golombek, M. P. Haldemann, A. F. C. de Souza, P. A., Jr. TI Structure, stratigraphy, and origin of Husband Hill, Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater, Mars SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ROVER; SPIRIT AB The strike and dip of lithologic units imaged in stereo by the Spirit rover in the Columbia Hills using three-dimensional imaging software shows that measured dips (15-32 degrees) for bedding on the main edifice of the Columbia Hill are steeper than local topography (similar to 8-10 degrees). Outcrops measured on West Spur are conformable in strike with shallower dips (7-15 degrees) than observed on Husband Hill. Dips are consistent with observed strata draping the Columbia Hills. Initial uplift was likely related either to the formation of the Gusev Crater central peak or ring or through mutual interference of overlapping crater rims. Uplift was followed by subsequent draping by a series of impact and volcaniclastic materials that experienced temporally and spatially variable aqueous infiltration, cementation, and alteration episodically during or after deposition. West Spur likely represents a spatially isolated depositional event. Erosion by a variety of processes, including mass wasting, removed tens of meters of materials and formed the Tennessee Valley primarily after deposition. This was followed by eruption of the Adirondack-class plains basalt lava flows which embayed the Columbia Hills. Minor erosion, impact, and aeolian processes have subsequently modified the Columbia Hills. C1 [McCoy, T. J.; Schmidt, M. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sims, M.; Edwards, L.] NASA Ames, Intelligent Syst Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Tornabene, L. L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cohen, B. A.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Soderblom, L. A.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Blaney, D. L.; Golombek, M. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Crumpler, L. S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Treguier, E.; d'Uston, C.] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, OMP, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Haldemann, A. F. C.] European Space Technol Ctr, European Space Agcy, HME ME, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [McSween, H. Y., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rice, J. W., Jr.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] Vallourec Res Ctr, Aulnoye Aymeries, France. RP Mccoy, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM mccoyt@si.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Treguier, Erwan/0000-0002-7347-2805 NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD JUN 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S03 DI 10.1029/2007JE003041 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 317ZI UT WOS:000257058600002 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kang, YG Kim, HS Yih, W Coats, DW Park, MG AF Kim, Sunju Kang, Yi Gu Kim, Hyung Seop Yih, Wonho Coats, D. Wayne Park, Myung Gil TI Growth and grazing responses of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata as functions of light intensity and prey concentration SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dinophysis acuminata; Myrionecta rubra; growth; grazing; light; mixotrophy; phagotrophy ID PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA DINOPHYCEAE; BALTIC SEA; MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; CILIATE POPULATIONS; COASTAL WATERS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CERATIUM-FURCA; KLEPTOPLASTIDY; CARBON; EVOLUTIONARY AB Dinophysis acuminata, a photosynthetic marine dinoflagellate, possesses plastids of cryptophyte origin and causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Recent work has shown D. acuminata to be a mixotroph that grows well when feeding on the photosynthetic ciliate Myrionecta rubra. Using established cultures, we examined the effects of light intensity and prey (M rubra) concentration on growth and ingestion rates of D. acuminata. Growth rates increased with increasing prey concentration under continuous illumination of 60 mu E m(-2) s(-1), with maximum mixotrophic growth (0.91 d(-1)) almost 5 times higher than growth in the absence of prey (0.19 d(-1)). The maximum ingestion rate of D. acuminata was 1296 pg C Dinophysis(-1) d(-1) (3.2 M. rubra cells Dinophysis(-1) d(-1)) for data fitted to a Michaelis-Menten equation. Growth rate also increased with increasing light intensity, an effect even stronger when prey was supplied. Increased growth with increasing irradiance was accompanied by a corresponding increase in ingestion. While D. acuminata continued to grow in semi-continuous food-replete cultures at high (200 mu E m(-2) s(-1)) and low (10 mu E m(-2) s(-1)) light intensity, it failed to grow in darkness, despite the presence of prey. Our results suggest that D. acuminata is an obligate mixotroph that requires both light and prey for long-term survival. Results indicate that Dinophysis species are typically prey-limited in the field. C1 [Park, Myung Gil] Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, LOHABE, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Kim, Sunju; Kang, Yi Gu; Yih, Wonho] Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Gunsan 573701, South Korea. [Kim, Hyung Seop] NFRDI, Gunsan Fisheries Off, Gunsan 573882, South Korea. [Coats, D. Wayne] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Park, MG (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, LOHABE, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM mpark@chonnam.ac.kr NR 50 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD JUN 16 PY 2008 VL 51 IS 3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.3354/ame01203 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 325QC UT WOS:000257602400008 ER PT J AU Strother, MS Staines, CL AF Strother, M. S. Staines, C. L. TI A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Eumolpinae : Adoxini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Review DE Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Eumolpinae; Fidia; new species; key AB The North and Central American genus Fidia Baly 1863 ( Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is revised. The genus is redescribed and a diagnosis separating Fidia from similar genera is provided. Twenty-four species are recognized: F. lateralis Jacoby 1882 is transferred to Xanthonia; Colaspis flavescens Sturm 1826 is a nomen nudum; F. sallei Lefevre 1877 and F. unistriata Jacoby 1882 are synonymized with F. albovittata Lefevre 1877; F. atra Jacoby 1882 is synonymized with F. spuria Lefevre 1877. Twelve species are described as new- F. chapini from Mexico; F. comalensis from Mexico; F. convexicollis from Texas and Oklahoma; F. costaricensis from Costa Rica; F. delilahae from Alabama and Mississippi; F. dicelloposthe from Mexico; F. dichroma from Mexico; F. marraverpa from Mexico; F. papillata from Mexico; F. pedinops from Alabama, Florida, and Georgia; F. rileyorum from the southeastern United States; and F. xanthonioides from Mexico. Lectotypes are designated for F. albovittata Lefevre 1877, F. cana Horn 1892, F. guatemalensis Jacoby 1879, F. lurida Lefevre 1885, F. plagiata Lefevre 1877, F. sallei Lefevre 1877, F. spuria Lefevre 1877, and F. unistriata Jacoby 1882. A key to the recognized species is presented and important taxonomic characters are illustrated. Distribution maps are provided for each species. C1 [Strother, M. S.] Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Staines, C. L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Strother, MS (reprint author), Louisiana State Arthropod Museum, Dept Entomol, 402 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM msean68@msn.com; stainesc@si.edu NR 109 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 16 PY 2008 IS 1798 BP 1 EP 100 PG 100 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 318DJ UT WOS:000257071500001 ER PT J AU Solazzo, C Fitzhugh, WW Rolando, C Tokarski, C AF Solazzo, Caroline Fitzhugh, William W. Rolando, Christian Tokarski, Caroline TI Identification of protein remains in archaeological potsherds by proteomics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTRON IONIZATION; ISOTOPE RATIOS; BINDING MEDIA; PAINTINGS; COMPONENTS; SCULPTURES; BINDERS AB We demonstrate here the possibility of identifying proteins trapped in few milligrams of the clay matrix of a 1200-1400 AD Inupiat potsherd fragment from Point Barrow, Alaska, by a dedicated proteomics approach. The four main steps of a proteomics analysis, (i) protein extraction from biological samples, (ii) protein hydrolysis using a hydrolase enzyme, (iii) nanoLC, nanoESI MS, and MS/MS analysis of the generated peptides, and (iv) protein identification using protein databank proceeded from genomic data, have been optimized for archeological remains. Briefly our procedure starts by grinding the potsherds, extraction with 1% trifluoroacetic acid, digestion with excess of trypsin, nanoLC, nanoESI FT-ICR analysis, and data mining by homology search. The developed conditions were evaluated on protein extracts from remains obtained by heated muscle tissues and blubbers of different seal and whale species, these samples representing the main diet sources of the Eskimo population. Most of the proteins were identified by sequence homology to other species due to the lack of cetacean and pinniped proteins in the databanks. More interestingly, two proteins, myoglobin and hemoglobin, respectively, identified in muscle tissue samples and blubber samples highlight several specific peptides of cetacean and pinniped species; these peptides are significant to prove the presence of these marine species in the analyzed samples. Based on the developed methodology and on protein identification results obtained from the heated seal/whale muscle tissues and blubbers, the analysis of the clay matrix of a 1200-1400 AD Inupiat potsherd fragment from Point Barrow was investigated. The described method succeeds in identifying four peptides corresponding to the harbor seal myoglobin (species Phoca vitulina) with a measured mass accuracy better than 1 ppm (MS and MS/MS experiments) including one specific peptide of the cetacean and pinniped species and one specific peptide of the seal species. These results highlight, for the first time, a methodology able to identify proteins from a few milligrams of archeological potsherd buried for years; the obtained results confirm the presence of a seal muscle tissue protein in this Punuk potsherd. C1 [Solazzo, Caroline; Rolando, Christian; Tokarski, Caroline] Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, CNRS, UMR Chim Organ & Macromol 8009, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Solazzo, Caroline; Rolando, Christian; Tokarski, Caroline] Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, IFR 147, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Fitzhugh, William W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Tokarski, C (reprint author), Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, CNRS, UMR Chim Organ & Macromol 8009, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM Caroline.Tokarski@univ-lille1.fr RI Rolando, Christian/E-8278-2011 OI Rolando, Christian/0000-0002-3266-8860 NR 30 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 12 BP 4590 EP 4597 DI 10.1021/ac800515v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 313TR UT WOS:000256763400020 PM 18494502 ER PT J AU Guz, SS AF Guz, Savannah Schroll TI TCM international film guide 2008: The definitive annual review of world cinema SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Guz, Savannah Schroll] Smithsonian Lib, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JUN 15 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 11 BP 96 EP 96 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 314QC UT WOS:000256822900211 ER PT J AU Petit, RJ Hu, FS Dick, CW AF Petit, Remy J. Hu, Feng Sheng Dick, Christopher W. TI Forests of the past: A window to future changes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAPID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES; WHITE SPRUCE; TREE FLORA; DIVERSITY; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CONSEQUENCES; RICHNESS; PATTERNS; ICE AB The study of past forest change provides a necessary historical context for evaluating the outcome of human-induced climate change and biological invasions. Retrospective analyses based on fossil and genetic data greatly advance our understanding of tree colonization, adaptation, and extinction in response to past climatic change. For instance, these analyses reveal cryptic refugia near or north of continental ice sheets, leading to reevaluation of postglacial tree migration rates. Species extinctions appear to have occurred primarily during periods of high climatic variability. Transoceanic dispersal and colonization in the tropics were widespread at geological time scales, inconsistent with the idea that tropical forests are particularly resistant to biological invasions. C1 [Petit, Remy J.] INRA Biodivers Genes & Communities, UMR1202, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Petit, Remy J.] Univ Bordeaux 1, UMR1202, F-33612 Cestas, France. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hu, Feng Sheng] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Petit, RJ (reprint author), INRA Biodivers Genes & Communities, UMR1202, 69 Route Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas, France. EM petit@pierroton.inra.fr RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008; Petit, Remy/A-8842-2008 OI Petit, Remy/0000-0002-4809-1453 NR 23 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 6 U2 73 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 13 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5882 BP 1450 EP 1452 DI 10.1126/science.1155457 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 312MV UT WOS:000256676400030 PM 18556547 ER PT J AU Budaeva, N Fauchald, K AF Budaeva, Nataliya Fauchald, Kristian TI Diopatra tuberculantennata, a new species of Onuphidae (Polychaeta) from Belize with a key to onuphids from the Caribbean Sea SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE diversity; taxonomy; juveniles; regeneration; distribution ID REGENERATION; ANNELIDS; MAROCENSIS AB A new species of the genus Diopatra Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833 from the intertidal zone in the vicinity of the Smithsonian field station (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize) is described. Diopatra tuberculantennata sp. nov. is identifiable by a combination of characters such as the presence of large lateral projections on both palpophores and antennophores, bidentate pseudocompound hooks with moderately long pointed hoods in the first five chaetigers, eyespots on the prostomium, nuchal organs forming almost a circle and very large sensory papillae on antennostyles and frontal and upper lips. Five 28-chaetiger juveniles were found inside the parental tube of one specimen. A pattern of anterior segment regeneration is described based on 12 specimens. A key for 20 species of onuphids known from the Caribbean Sea with the notes on their distribution is provided. C1 [Budaeva, Nataliya] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Fauchald, Kristian] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Budaeva, N (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Nakhimovsky Pr 36, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM nbudaeva@mail.ru; fauchald@si.edu NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 13 PY 2008 IS 1795 BP 29 EP 45 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 318DG UT WOS:000257071200002 ER PT J AU Peyer, K Carter, JG Sues, HD Novak, SE Olsen, PE AF Peyer, Karin Carter, Joseph G. Sues, Hans-Dieter Novak, Stephanie E. Olsen, Paul E. TI A new suchian archosaur from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAUISUCHIAN ARCHOSAURS; REPTILE; DIAPSIDA; BRAINCASE; MOROCCO; ORIGIN; BASIN; INDIA; PART AB A partial but largely articulated skeleton of a 'rauisuchian' archosaur from Late Upper Triassic strata of the Durham sub-basin, Deep River basin, Newark Supergroup, North Carolina, represents a new species of Postosuchus Chatterjee, 1985. It represents the first record of this taxon from eastern North America. The well preserved specimen includes cranial bones, a largely articulated right manus, right and left pedes, pubes, axis, several postaxial cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, chevron bones, osteoderms, interclavicle, clavicles, cervical ribs, a sacral rib, and a complete set of gastralia. The skeletal elements are described and compared to those of other 'rauisuchians'. An apparant autapomorphy of Postosuchus alisonae includes a well developed flange on the proximal portion of metacarpal II fitting into strongly proximally grooved metacarpal I. The new specimen includes many bones previously unknown for Postosuchus and it allows a more complete differentiation of Postosuchus from other 'rauisuchian' genera. Diagnostic features of this genus include an axis with two ventral keels; postaxial cervical centra with strongly developed single ventral keels that are anteriorly and/or posteriorly extended into hypapophyses; short ribs on the anterior cervical vertebrae; heart-shaped cervical neural 'spine tables'; a subrectangular, relatively short coracoid; and proportionately short manus with dorsoventrally compressed, reduced, blunt unguals on manual digits III and IV. Morphological comparisons indicate a close relationship between Postosuchus and Batrachotomus and possibly also Tikisuchus. C1 [Peyer, Karin] Field Museum, Dept Geol, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Carter, Joseph G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Sues, Hans-Dieter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Novak, Stephanie E.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63112 USA. [Olsen, Paul E.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Peyer, K (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Mitchell Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM karin_peyer@yahoo.fr; treatise@unc.edu; suesh@si.edu; snovak@levee.wustl.edu; polsen@ldeo.columbia.edu NR 60 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD JUN 12 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 363 EP 381 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[363:ANSAFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 313RX UT WOS:000256758800009 ER PT J AU Vink, JS Drew, JE Steeghs, D Wright, NJ Martin, EL Gasicke, BT Greimel, R Drake, J AF Vink, Jorick S. Drew, Janet E. Steeghs, Danny Wright, Nick J. Martin, Eduardo L. Gaesicke, Boris T. Greimel, Robert Drake, Jeremy TI IPHAS discoveries of young stars towards Cyg OB2 and its southern periphery SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars : early-type; stars : emission line, Be; stars : formation; stars : individual : T Tauri; stars : pre-main-sequence ID LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLES; CYGNUS-X REGION; MAIN-SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; T-TAURI STARS; MASSIVE STARS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; EMISSION-LINE; CLUSTER; OB2; NEBULA AB We report on the discovery of over 50 strong H alpha emitting objects towards the large OB association Cyg OB2 and the H II region DR 15 on its southern periphery. This was achieved using the INT Photometric H alpha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS), combined with follow-up spectroscopy using the MMT multi-object spectrometer HectoSpec. We present optical spectra, supplemented with optical r', i' and H alpha photometry from IPHAS, and near-infrared J, H and K photometry from Two Micron All Sky Survey. The position of the objects in the (J - H) versus (H - K) diagram strongly suggests most of them are young. Many show Ca II infrared triplet emission indicating that they are in a pre-main-sequence phase of evolution of T Tauri and Herbig Ae nature. Among these, we have uncovered pronounced clustering of T Tauri stars roughly a degree south of the centre of Cyg OB2, in an arc close to the H II region DR 15, and the radio ring nebula G79.29+0.46, for which we discuss its candidacy as a luminous blue variable. The emission-line objects towards Cyg OB2 itself could be the brightest most prominent component of a population of lower mass pre-main-sequence stars that has yet to be uncovered. Finally, we discuss the nature of the ongoing star formation in Cyg OB2 and the possibility that the central OB stars have triggered star formation in the periphery. C1 [Vink, Jorick S.] Armagh Observ, Coll Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Vink, Jorick S.; Drew, Janet E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Drew, Janet E.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Steeghs, Danny; Gaesicke, Boris T.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Steeghs, Danny; Drake, Jeremy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wright, Nick J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Martin, Eduardo L.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38200, Spain. [Martin, Eduardo L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Greimel, Robert] Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Tenerife, Spain. [Greimel, Robert] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Vink, JS (reprint author), Armagh Observ, Coll Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. EM jsv@arm.ac.uk RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Drew, Janet/0000-0003-1192-7082 NR 50 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 1 BP 308 EP 318 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13220.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 308HH UT WOS:000256378700029 ER PT J AU Miller, AA Irwin, J Aigrain, S Hodgkin, S Hebb, L AF Miller, Adam A. Irwin, Jonathan Aigrain, Suzanne Hodgkin, Simon Hebb, Leslie TI The Monitor project: the search for transits in the open cluster NGC 2362 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; surveys; occultations; planetary systems; open clusters and associations : individual : NGC 2362 ID LOW-MASS STARS; EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; BROWN DWARFS; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; HOT JUPITER; 5 MYR; ROTATION; SPECTRUM; FRACTION AB We present the results of a systematic search for transiting planets in a similar to 5 Myr open cluster, NGC 2362. We observed similar to 1200 candidate cluster members, of which similar to 475 are believed to be genuine cluster members, for a total of similar to 100 h. We identify 15 light curves with reductions in flux that pass all our detection criteria, and six of the candidates have occultation depths compatible with a planetary companion. The variability in these six light curves would require very large planets to reproduce the observed transit depth. If we assume that none of our candidates are, in fact, planets then we can place upper limits on the fraction of stars with hot Jupiters (HJs) in NGC 2362. We obtain 99 per cent confidence upper limits of 0.22 and 0.70 on the fraction of stars with HJs (f(p)) for 1-3 and 3-10 d orbits, respectively, assuming all HJs have a planetary radius of 1.5R(Jup). These upper limits represent observational constraints on the number of stars with HJs at an age less than or similar to 10 Myr, when the vast majority of stars are thought to have lost their protoplanetary discs. Finally, we extend our results to the entire Monitor project, a survey searching young, open clusters for planetary transits, and find that the survey as currently designed should be capable of placing upper limits on f(p) near the observed values of f(p) in the solar neighbourhood. C1 [Miller, Adam A.; Irwin, Jonathan; Hodgkin, Simon] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Miller, Adam A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Irwin, Jonathan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Aigrain, Suzanne] Univ Exeter, Astrophys Grp, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Hebb, Leslie] Univ St Andrews, Dept Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. RP Miller, AA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. EM amiller@astro.berkeley.edu NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 11 PY 2008 VL 387 IS 1 BP 349 EP 363 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13236.x PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 308HH UT WOS:000256378700033 ER PT J AU Wik, DR Sarazin, CL Ricker, PM Randall, SW AF Wik, Daniel R. Sarazin, Craig L. Ricker, Paul M. Randall, Scott W. TI The impact of galaxy cluster mergers on cosmological parameter estimation from surveys of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmological parameters; galaxies : clusters : general; hydrodynamics; intergalactic medium; large-scale structure of universe ID X-RAY-CLUSTERS; SCALING RELATIONS; STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; MASS FUNCTIONS; TEMPERATURE; PROFILE; SIMULATIONS; CONSTRAINTS; EVOLUTION; MODELS AB Sensitive surveys of the cosmic microwave background will detect thousands of galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. Two SZ observables, the central or maximum and integrated Comptonization parameters y(max) and Y, relate in a simple way to the total cluster mass, which allows the construction of mass functions (MFs) that can be used to estimate cosmological parameters such as Omega(M), sigma(8), and the dark energy parameter w. However, clusters form from the mergers of smaller structures, events that can disrupt the equilibrium of intracluster gas on which SZ-M relations rely. From a set of N-body/hydrodynamical simulations of binary cluster mergers, we calculate the evolution of Y and y(max) over the course of merger events and find that both parameters are transiently "boosted,'' primarily during the first core passage. We then use a semianalytic technique developed by Randall et al. to estimate the effect of merger boosts on the distribution functions YF and yF of Y and y(max), respectively, via cluster merger histories determined from extended Press-Schechter (PS) merger trees. We find that boosts do not induce an overall systematic effect on YFs, and the values of Omega(M), sigma(8), and w were returned to within 2% of values expected from the nonboosted YFs. The boosted yFs are significantly biased, however, causing Omega(M) to be underestimated by 15%-45%, sigma(8) to be overestimated by 10%-25%, and w to be pushed to more negative values by 25%-45%. We confirm that the integrated SZ effect, Y, is far more robust to mergers than y(max), as previously reported by Motl et al. and similarly found for the X-ray equivalent Y-X, and we conclude that Y is the superior choice for constraining cosmological parameters. C1 [Wik, Daniel R.; Sarazin, Craig L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Ricker, Paul M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Randall, Scott W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wik, DR (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM drw2x@virginia.edu; cls7i@virginia.edu; pmricker@uiuc.edu; srandall@cfa.harvard.edu NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 DI 10.1086/587790 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800002 ER PT J AU Wilkes, BJ Pounds, KA Schmidt, GD AF Wilkes, B. J. Pounds, K. A. Schmidt, G. D. TI XMM-Newton observations of the red type 1.8 quasar 2M1049+5837: Reflection from cold and warm (ionized) matter SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : individual (2MASS J1049+5837); X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; PHOTON IMAGING CAMERA; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; CHANDRA; GALAXY; EMISSION; NGC-1068; FEATURES; AGN AB Chandra observations of the type 1.8, low-redshift (z = 0.115), red (J -K(S) similar to 2) quasar 2MASSJ 104943+ 583750 (2M1049+5837) indicated an unusually hard X-ray spectrum (HR similar to 0.6), suggesting obscuration of N(H) similar to 4 x 10(22) cm(-2) and a flat Gamma similar to 0.4 power-law slope. A higher signal-to-noise ratio XMM-Newton observation reported here reveals a more complex spectrum, being extremely hard above similar to 2 keV, Gamma similar to -0.6, with a well-defined soft excess similar to the bright, nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 3. Such extremely hard quasar spectra cannot be a dominant contributor to the cosmic X-ray background (CXRB; Gamma similar to 1.4). Modeling of 2M1049+5837 shows the observed 2-10 keV spectrum to be the sum of a strongly absorbed "normal'' Gamma similar to 1: 8 underlying quasar X-ray continuum, and a cold reflection component (R similar to 2). The strong attenuation of the intrinsic X-ray continuum by a sub-Compton-thick line-of-sight column, N(H) similar to 3.4 x 10(23) cm(-2), reveals a soft X-ray emission component whose spectrum indicates reprocessing/emission from, possibly extended, photoionized gas. The luminosity of the soft X-ray component is similar to Seyfert 2 galaxies, an order of magnitude less than comparable type 1 AGNs, suggesting partial obscuration of core-bright emission. The optical emission is complex, with distinct red and blue scattered light components believed to originate in two extended regions visible in HST imaging data. The unusual combination of properties: optical and X-ray obscuration of the nuclear emission, partially obscured broad but unobscured narrow emission lines, and partially obscured soft X-ray excess, implies an intermediate viewing angle, over or through the edge of an obscuring disk + wind or torus. 2M1049+5837 again demonstrates both the ambiguity of low signal-to-noise X-ray spectra/hardness ratios and the potential of 2MASS-selected red sources for exploring the complex obscuration and geometry of the nuclear regions in AGNs. C1 [Wilkes, B. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pounds, K. A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Schmidt, G. D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Wilkes, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1086/588039 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800009 ER PT J AU Brand, K Weedman, DW Desai, V Le Floc'h, E Armus, L Dey, A Houck, JR Jannuzi, BT Smith, HA Soifer, BT AF Brand, Kate Weedman, Dan W. Desai, Vandana Le Floc'h, Emeric Armus, Lee Dey, Arjun Houck, Jim R. Jannuzi, Buell T. Smith, Howard A. Soifer, B. T. TI Spitzer mid-infrared spectroscopy of distant X-ray luminous active galactic nuclei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; quasars : general ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPACE-TELESCOPE; 1ST-LOOK SURVEY; SPECTRA; Z-SIMILAR-TO-2; SPECTROGRAPH; EMISSION; XBOOTES; FIELD; IRS AB We present mid-infrared spectroscopy of a sample of 16 optically faint infrared luminous galaxies obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. These sources were jointly selected from Spitzer and Chandra imaging surveys in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Bootes field and were selected from their bright X-ray fluxes to host luminous AGNs. None of the spectra show significant emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 6.2 mu m equivalent widths < 0.2 mu m), consistent with their infrared emission being dominated by AGNs. Nine of the X-ray sources show 9.7 mu m silicate absorption features. Their redshifts are in the range 0.9 < z < 2: 6, implying infrared luminosities of log L(IR) 12.5-13.6 L(circle dot). The average silicate absorption is not as strong as that of previously targeted optically faint infrared luminous galaxies with similar mid-infrared luminosities, implying that the X-ray selection favors sources behind a smaller column of Si-rich dust than non-X-ray selection. Seven of the X-ray sources have featureless power-law mid-infrared spectra. We argue that the featureless spectra likely result from the sources having weak or absent silicate and PAH features rather than the sources lying at higher redshifts, where these features are shifted out of the IRS spectral window. We investigate whether there are any correlations between X-ray and infrared properties and find that sources with silicate absorption features tend to have fainter X-ray fluxes and harder X-ray spectra, indicating a weak relation between the amount of silicate absorption and the column density of X-ray-absorbing gas. C1 [Brand, Kate] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Weedman, Dan W.; Houck, Jim R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Desai, Vandana; Soifer, B. T.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Le Floc'h, Emeric] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Armus, Lee; Soifer, B. T.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dey, Arjun; Jannuzi, Buell T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Smith, Howard A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brand, K (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM brand@stsci.edu NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1086/587167 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800010 ER PT J AU Tacconi, LJ Genzel, R Smail, I Neri, R Chapman, SC Ivison, RJ Blain, A Cox, P Omont, A Bertoldi, F Greve, T Schreiber, NMF Genel, S Lutz, D Swinbank, AM Shapley, AE Erb, DK Cimatti, A Daddi, E Baker, AJ AF Tacconi, L. J. Genzel, R. Smail, I. Neri, R. Chapman, S. C. Ivison, R. J. Blain, A. Cox, P. Omont, A. Bertoldi, F. Greve, T. Schreiber, N. M. Foerster Genel, S. Lutz, D. Swinbank, A. M. Shapley, A. E. Erb, D. K. Cimatti, A. Daddi, E. Baker, A. J. TI Submillimeter galaxies at z similar to 2: Evidence for major mergers and constraints on lifetimes, IMF, and CO-H(2) conversion factor SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; stars : luminosity function, mass function ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; INTEGRAL FIELD SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MOLECULAR INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; FRAME OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES AB We report subarcsecond resolution IRAM PdBI millimeter CO interferometry of four z similar to 2 submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), and sensitive CO(3-2) flux limits toward three z similar to 2 UV/optically selected star-forming galaxies. The new data reveal for the first time spatially resolved CO gas kinematics in the observed SMGs. Two of the SMGs show double or multiple morphologies, with complex, disturbed gas motions. The other two SMGs exhibit CO velocity gradients of similar to 500 km s(-1) across <= 0.2 '' (1.6 kpc) diameter regions, suggesting that the star-forming gas is in compact, rotating disks. Our data provide compelling evidence that these SMGs represent extreme, short-lived "maximum'' star-forming events in highly dissipative mergers of gas-rich galaxies. The resulting high-mass surface and volume densities of SMGs are similar to those of compact quiescent galaxies in the same redshift range and much higher than those in local spheroids. From the ratio of the comoving volume densities of SMGs and quiescent galaxies in the same mass and redshift ranges, and from the comparison of gas exhaustion timescales and stellar ages, we estimate that the SMG phase duration is about 100 Myr. Our analysis of SMGs and optically/UV selected high-redshift star-forming galaxies supports a "universal'' Chabrier IMF as being valid over the star-forming history of these galaxies. We find that the (12)CO luminosity to total gas mass conversion factors at z similar to 2-3 are probably similar to those assumed at z similar to 0. The implied gas fractions in our sample galaxies range from 20% to 50%. C1 [Tacconi, L. J.; Genzel, R.; Schreiber, N. M. Foerster; Genel, S.; Lutz, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Genzel, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smail, I.; Swinbank, A. M.] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3HP, England. [Neri, R.; Cox, P.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Chapman, S. C.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Ivison, R. J.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ivison, R. J.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Blain, A.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Omont, A.] CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Omont, A.] Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Bertoldi, F.] AIUB, Bonn, Germany. [Greve, T.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-68117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Shapley, A. E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Erb, D. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cimatti, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartmento Astron Alma Mater Studiorum, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Daddi, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM, DSM CNRS, CEA,DAPNIA SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baker, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Tacconi, LJ (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM lutz@mpe.mpg.de; genzel@mpe.mpg.de; ian.smail@durham.ac.uk; neri@iram.fr; schapman@ast.cam.ac.uk; rji@roe.ac.uk; awb@astro.caltech.edu; pierre.cox@iram.fr; omont@iap.fr; bertoldi@astro.uni-bonn.de; tgreve@mpia.de; forster@mpe.mpg.de; shy@mpe.mpg.de; lutz@mpe.mpg.de; a.m.swinbank@dur.ac.uk; aes@astro.princeton.edu; derb@cfa.harvard.edu; a.cimatti@unibo.it; emanuele.daddi@cea.fr; ajbaker@physics.rutgers RI Daddi, Emanuele/D-1649-2012; Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011 OI Daddi, Emanuele/0000-0002-3331-9590; Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313 NR 146 TC 428 Z9 428 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 246 EP 262 DI 10.1086/587168 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800020 ER PT J AU Kenyon, SJ Bromley, BC Geller, MJ Brown, WR AF Kenyon, Scott J. Bromley, Benjamin C. Geller, Margaret J. Brown, Warren R. TI Hypervelocity stars: From the Galactic center to the halo SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; Galaxy : center; Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : structure; stars : kinematics; stellar dynamics ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; MILKY-WAY HALO; BLACK-HOLE; VELOCITY DISPERSION; ARCHES CLUSTER; SDSS J090745.0+024507; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; PLANET FORMATION; DENSITY PROFILE; STELLAR MODELS AB Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) traverse the Galaxy from the central black hole to the outer halo. We show that the Galactic potential within 200 pc acts as a high-pass filter preventing low-velocity HVSs from reaching the halo. To trace the orbits of HVSs throughout the Galaxy, we construct two forms of the potential which reasonably represent the observations in the range 5-10(5) pc: a simple spherically symmetric model and a bulge-disk-halo model. We use the Hills mechanism (disruption of binaries by the tidal field of the central black hole) to inject HVSs into the Galaxy and to compute the observable spatial and velocity distributions of HVSs with masses in the range 0.6-4 M-circle dot. These distributions reflect the mass function in the Galactic center, properties of binaries in the Galactic center, and aspects of stellar evolution and the injection mechanism. For 0.6-4 M-circle dot main-sequence stars, the fraction of unbound HVSs and the asymmetry of the velocity distribution for their bound counterparts increase with stellar mass. The density profiles for unbound HVSs decline with distance from the Galactic center approximately as r(-2) (but are steeper for the most massive stars, which evolve off the main sequence during their travel time from the Galactic center); the density profiles for the bound ejecta decline with distance approximately as r(-3). In a survey with a limiting magnitude of V less than or similar to 23, the detectability of HVSs (unbound or bound) increases with stellar mass. C1 [Kenyon, Scott J.; Geller, Margaret J.; Brown, Warren R.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bromley, Benjamin C.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Kenyon, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu; bromley@physics.utah.edu; mgeller@cfa.harvard.edu; wbrown@cfa.harvard.edu OI Kenyon, Scott/0000-0003-0214-609X NR 76 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 312 EP 327 DI 10.1086/587738 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800025 ER PT J AU Harvey, PM Huard, TL Jorgensen, JK Gutermuth, RA Mamajek, EE Bourke, TL Merin, B Cieza, L Brooke, T Chapman, N Alcala, JM Allen, LE Evans, NJ Di Francesco, J Kirk, JM AF Harvey, Paul M. Huard, Tracy L. Jorgensen, Jes K. Gutermuth, Robert A. Mamajek, Eric E. Bourke, Tyler L. Merin, Bruno Cieza, Lucas Brooke, Tim Chapman, Nicholas Alcala, Juan M. Allen, Lori E. Evans, Neal J., II Di Francesco, James Kirk, Jason M. TI The Spitzer survey of interstellar clouds in the Gould Belt. I. IC 5146 observed with IRAC and MIPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : general; stars : formation ID T-TAURI STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; FU ORIONIS STARS; 5146 DARK CLOUD; C2D SURVEY; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; ABSOLUTE-MAGNITUDE; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; NEARBY AB We present observations of two areas totalling 0.57 deg(2) in the IC 5146 star-forming region at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24, and 70 mu m observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We reexamine the issue of the distance to this cloud and conclude a value of 950 +/- 80 pc is most likely. We compare source counts, colors, and magnitudes in our observed region to a subset of the SWIRE data that was processed through our pipeline. We identify more than 200 young stellar object (YSO) candidates from color-magnitude and color-color diagrams, many of which were previously unknown. We compare the colors of these YSOs to the models of Robitaille et al. and perform simple fits to the SED's to estimate properties of the circumstellar disks likely to surround the Class II and III sources. We also compare the mid-IR disk excesses to H alpha emission-line data where available. We present a quantitative description of the degree of clustering, estimate the star formation efficiency, and discuss the fraction of YSOs in the region with disks relative to an estimate of the diskless YSO population. Finally, we compare the YSO distribution to the cold dust distribution mapped by SCUBA and briefly describe the diffuse emission likely due to PAHs associated with the H II region. C1 [Harvey, Paul M.; Cieza, Lucas; Evans, Neal J., II] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Huard, Tracy L.; Gutermuth, Robert A.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Bourke, Tyler L.; Allen, Lori E.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jorgensen, Jes K.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Merin, Bruno] European Space Agcy, ESTEC, Res & Sci Support Dept, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Merin, Bruno] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Brooke, Tim] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chapman, Nicholas] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alcala, Juan M.] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Di Francesco, James] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Kirk, Jason M.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. RP Harvey, PM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, 1 Univ Stn,C1400, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pmh@astro.as.utexas.edu; thuard@cfa.harvard.edu; jes@astro.uni-bonn.de; emamajek@cfa.harvard.edu; tbourke@cfa.harvard.edu; bmerin@rssd.esa.int; lcieza@astro.as.utexas.edu; tyb@ipac.caltech.edu; chapman@astro.umd.edu; jmae@Sun1.na.astro.it; leallen@cfa.harvard.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; james.difrancesco@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; jason.kirk@astro.cf.ac.uk OI Alcala, Juan Manuel/0000-0001-8657-095X; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 NR 57 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 495 EP 516 DI 10.1086/587687 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800040 ER PT J AU Jonker, PG Torres, MAP Steeghs, D AF Jonker, P. G. Torres, M. A. P. Steeghs, D. TI Optical and X-ray observations of IGR J00291+5934 in quiescence SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; stars : individual (IGR J00291+5934); stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries ID POWERED MILLISECOND PULSAR; ACTIVE RADIO PULSAR; BLACK-HOLE A0620-00; SAX J1808.4-3658; CENTAURUS X-4; COUNTERPART; PULSATIONS; TRANSIENTS; SUPERHUMPS; DISCOVERY AB We report on optical and X-ray observations of the accretion-powered millisecond pulsar IGR J00291+5934 in quiescence. Time-resolved I-band photometry has been obtained with the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope, while a 3 ks Chandra observation provided contemporaneous X-ray coverage. We found an unabsorbed 0.5-10 keV X-ray flux of 1 x 10(-13) erg cm(-2) s(-1), which implies that the source was in quiescence at the time of the optical observations. Nevertheless, the optical I-band light curve of IGR J00291+5934 shows evidence for strong flaring. After removal of the strongest flares, we find evidence for an orbital modulation in the phase-folded I-band light curve. The overall modulation can be described by effects resulting from the presence of a superhump. Comparing our light curve with that reported recently we find evidence for a change in the quiescent base level. Similar changes have now been reported for four soft X-ray transients, implying that they may be a common feature of such systems in quiescence. Furthermore, the maximum in our folded light curve occurs at a different phase than observed before. C1 [Jonker, P. G.; Torres, M. A. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Jonker, P. G.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Jonker, PG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM p.jonker@sron.nl; mtorres@head.cfa.harvard.edu; d.t.h.steeghs@warwick.ac.uk RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 615 EP 619 DI 10.1086/587617 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800050 ER PT J AU Muno, MP Gaensler, BM Nechita, A Miller, JM Slane, PO AF Muno, M. P. Gaensler, B. M. Nechita, A. Miller, J. M. Slane, P. O. TI A search for new galactic magnetars in archival Chandra and XMM-Newton observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : neutron; stars : statistics; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY PULSAR; SOFT-GAMMA-REPEATER; ISOLATED RADIO PULSARS; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SGR 1627-41; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; NEUTRON-STAR; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SCATTERING HALOS; MASSIVE STARS AB We present constraints on the number of Galactic magnetars, which we have established by searching for sources with periodic variability in 506 archival Chandra observations and 441 archival XMM-Newton observations of the Galactic plane ( |b| < 5 degrees). Our search revealed four sources with periodic variability on timescales of 200-5000 s, all of which are probably accreting white dwarfs. We identify 7 of 12 known Galactic magnetars, but find no new examples with periods between 5 and 20 s. We convert this nondetection into limits on the total number of Galactic magnetars by computing the fraction of the young Galactic stellar population that our survey covered. We find that easily detectable magnetars, modeled after persistent anomalous X-ray pulsars ( e. g., with L-X = 10(35) ergs s(-1) [0.5-10.0 keV] and Arms 12%), could have been identified in approximate to 5% of the Galactic spiral arms by mass. If we assume that three previously known examples randomly fall within our survey, then there are 59(-32)(+92) in the Galaxy. Barely detectable magnetars (L-X 3 x 10(33) ergs s(-1) and A(rms) = 15%) could have been identified throughout approximate to 0.4% of the spiral arms. The lack of new examples implies that < 540 exist in the Galaxy ( 90% confidence). Similar constraints are found by considering the detectability of transient magnetars in outburst. For assumed lifetimes of 10(4) yr, the birth rate of magnetars is between 0.003 and 0.06 yr(-1). Therefore, the birth rate of magnetars is at least 10% of that for normal radio pulsars, and could exceed that value, unless transient magnetars are active for greater than or similar to 10(5) yr. C1 [Muno, M. P.] CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 90025 USA. [Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A29, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Nechita, A.] The Onion, New York, NY 10012 USA. [Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Slane, P. O.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Muno, MP (reprint author), CALTECH, Space Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 90025 USA. EM mmuno@srl.caltech.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 100 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP 639 EP 653 DI 10.1086/527316 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 310AH UT WOS:000256500800053 ER PT J AU Gaensler, BM Tanna, A Slane, PO Brogan, CL Gelfand, JD McClure-Griffiths, NM Camilo, F Ng, CY Miller, JM AF Gaensler, B. M. Tanna, A. Slane, P. O. Brogan, C. L. Gelfand, J. D. McClure-Griffiths, N. M. Camilo, F. Ng, C. -Y. Miller, J. M. TI The (RE-)discovery of G350.1-0.3: A young, luminous supernova remnant and its neutron star SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (G350.1-0.3); stars : individual (XMMU J172054.5-372652); stars : neutron; supernova remnants ID GALACTIC PLANE SURVEY; X-RAY-EMISSION; PUPPIS-A; CATALOG; CLOUDS AB We present an XMM-Newton observation of the long-overlooked radio source G350.1-0.3. The X-ray spectrum of G350.1-0.3 can be fit by a shocked plasma with two components: a high-temperature (1.5 keV) region with a low ionization timescale and enhanced abundances, plus a cooler (0.36 keV) component in ionization equilibrium and with solar abundances. The X-ray spectrum and the presence of nonthermal, polarized, radio emission together demonstrate that G350.1-0.3 is a young, luminous supernova remnant (SNR), for which archival H I and (CO)-C-12 data indicate a distance of 4.5 kpc. The diameter of the source then implies an age of only approximate to 900 years. The SNR's distorted appearance and small size and the presence of 12CO emission along the SNR's eastern edge all indicate that the source is interacting with a complicated distribution of dense ambient material. An unresolved X-ray source, XMMU J172054.5-372652, is detected a few arcminutes west of the brightest SNR emission. The thermal X-ray spectrum and lack of any multiwavelength counterpart suggest that this source is a neutron star associated with G350.1-0.3, most likely a "central compact object," as seen coincident with other young SNRs such as Cassiopeia A. C1 [Gaensler, B. M.; Tanna, A.; Ng, C. -Y.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Gaensler, B. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brogan, C. L.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Gelfand, J. D.] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10023 USA. [McClure-Griffiths, N. M.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO, Marsfield, NSW 2122, Australia. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. RP Gaensler, BM (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Ng, Chi Yung/A-7639-2013; OI Ng, Chi Yung/0000-0002-5847-2612; McClure-Griffiths, Naomi/0000-0003-2730-957X; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2008 VL 680 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/589650 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DX UT WOS:000256722400010 ER PT J AU Pohl, T Vrinceanu, D Sadeghpour, HR AF Pohl, T. Vrinceanu, D. Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Rydberg atom formation in ultracold plasmas: Small energy transfer with large consequences SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIO RECOMBINATION LINES; NEUTRAL PLASMA; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; IONIZATION; LASER; ANTIHYDROGEN; EXCITATION; ELECTRONS AB We present extensive Monte Carlo calculations of electron-impact-induced transitions between highly excited Rydberg states and provide accurate rate coefficients. For moderate energy changes, our calculations confirm the widely applied expressions in P. Mansbach and J. Keck [Phys. Rev. 181, 275 (1969)] but reveal strong deviations at small energy transfer. Simulations of ultracold plasmas demonstrate that these corrections significantly impact the short-time dynamics of three-body Rydberg atom formation. The improved rate coefficients yield quantitative agreement with recent ultracold plasma experiments. C1 [Pohl, T.; Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vrinceanu, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pohl, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pohl, Thomas/B-5133-2013 NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 22 AR 223201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.223201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 310KM UT WOS:000256528400015 PM 18643419 ER PT J AU Champion, DJ Ransom, SM Lazarus, P Camilo, F Bassa, C Kaspi, VM Nice, DJ Freire, PCC Stairs, IH van Leeuwen, J Stappers, BW Cordes, JM Hessels, JWT Lorimer, DR Arzoumanian, Z Backer, DC Bhat, NDR Chatterjee, S Cognard, I Deneva, JS Faucher-Giguere, CA Gaensler, BM Han, JL Jenet, FA Kasian, L Kondratiev, VI Kramer, M Lazio, J McLaughlin, MA Venkataraman, A Vlemmings, W AF Champion, David J. Ransom, Scott M. Lazarus, Patrick Camilo, Fernando Bassa, Cees Kaspi, Victoria M. Nice, David J. Freire, Paulo C. C. Stairs, Ingrid H. van Leeuwen, Joeri Stappers, Ben W. Cordes, James M. Hessels, Jason W. T. Lorimer, Duncan R. Arzoumanian, Zaven Backer, Don C. Bhat, N. D. Ramesh Chatterjee, Shami Cognard, Ismael Deneva, Julia S. Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre Gaensler, Bryan M. Han, JinLin Jenet, Fredrick A. Kasian, Laura Kondratiev, Vlad I. Kramer, Michael Lazio, Joseph McLaughlin, Maura A. Venkataraman, Arun Vlemmings, Wouter TI An eccentric binary millisecond pulsar in the galactic plane SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RADIO PULSARS; NEUTRON-STAR; EVOLUTION; SYSTEMS; 2MASS; MASS AB Binary pulsar systems are superb probes of stellar and binary evolution and the physics of extreme environments. In a survey with the Arecibo telescope, we have found PSR J1903+ 0327, a radio pulsar with a rotational period of 2.15 milliseconds in a highly eccentric ( e = 0.44) 95- day orbit around a solar mass ( M.) companion. Infrared observations identify a possible main- sequence companion star. Conventional binary stellar evolution models predict neither large orbital eccentricities nor main- sequence companions around millisecond pulsars. Alternative formation scenarios involve recycling a neutron star in a globular cluster, then ejecting it into the Galactic disk, or membership in a hierarchical triple system. A relativistic analysis of timing observations of the pulsar finds its mass to be 1.74 +/- 0.04 M. an unusually high value. C1 [Champion, David J.; Lazarus, Patrick; Bassa, Cees; Kaspi, Victoria M.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Champion, David J.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Ransom, Scott M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Camilo, Fernando] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nice, David J.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Phys, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Freire, Paulo C. C.; Venkataraman, Arun] Natl Astron & Ionosphere Ctr, Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Stairs, Ingrid H.; Kasian, Laura] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [van Leeuwen, Joeri; Backer, Don C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stappers, Ben W.; Kramer, Michael] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observ, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. [Cordes, James M.; Deneva, Julia S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hessels, Jason W. T.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lorimer, Duncan R.; Kondratiev, Vlad I.; McLaughlin, Maura A.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Arzoumanian, Zaven] NASA, Ctr Res & Explorat Space Sci & Technol, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arzoumanian, Zaven] NASA, Xray Astrophys Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bhat, N. D. Ramesh] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Chatterjee, Shami; Gaensler, Bryan M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Cognard, Ismael] CNRS, Lab Phys & Chim Environm, UMR 6115, F-45071 Orleans 2, France. [Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Han, JinLin] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Jenet, Fredrick A.] Univ Texas Brownsville, Ctr Gravitat Wave Astron, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. [Lazio, Joseph] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Vlemmings, Wouter] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Champion, DJ (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM David.Champion@atnf.csiro.au RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; Bhat, Ramesh/B-7396-2013; Kondratiev, Vladislav/N-1105-2015; OI Kondratiev, Vladislav/0000-0001-8864-7471; Champion, David/0000-0003-1361-7723; Nice, David/0000-0002-6709-2566; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; /0000-0002-2700-9916; Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 27 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 6 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5881 BP 1309 EP 1312 DI 10.1126/science.1157580 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 309DO UT WOS:000256441100036 PM 18483399 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE Arnaud, PH AF Woodley, Norman E. Arnaud, Paul H., Jr. TI Lobomyia neotropica, a new genus and species of Tachinidae (Diptera) from the Neotropical Region SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tachinidae; Lobomyia neotropica; new genus; new species; Neotropical Region AB A new genus and species, Lobomyia neotropica gen. nov., sp. nov., (Diptera: Tachinidae) is described from material from Colombia (type locality), Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Trinidad. The Colombian material was reared from Glena bisulca Rindge (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator of introduced cypress trees. Costa Rican material was reared from several species of Lepidoptera: Notodontidae. C1 [Woodley, Norman E.] USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Arnaud, Paul H., Jr.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov; parnaud@calacademy.org RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD JUN 6 PY 2008 IS 1783 BP 31 EP 39 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 311ZD UT WOS:000256638000003 ER PT J AU Bowman, IA AF Bowman, Inci A. TI Archival records of American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists SO COPEIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB The archival records of the ASIH are administered by the Smithsonian Institution Archives in Washington, D.C. The records occupy 40 cubic feet of space and are maintained under optimal conditions in a remote storage facility in Boyers, PA. This paper describes the transfer of the Society's records to the Smithsonian Institution in 1974, the additional deposits in the following years, and the basic arrangement and importance of the records. The archival collection is available for research, and anyone interested in the history of the Society may access it by prior arrangement with the Smithsonian Institution Archives. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Bowman, IA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 159, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM incia@attglobal.net NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUN 4 PY 2008 IS 2 BP 492 EP 494 DI 10.1643/OT-08-021 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 311DD UT WOS:000256579500029 ER PT J AU Tsai, LL Mair, RW Li, CH Rosen, MS Patz, S Walsworth, RL AF Tsai, Leo L. Mair, Ross W. Li, Chih-Hao Rosen, Matthew S. Patz, Samuel Walsworth, Ronald L. TI Posture-dependent human He-3 lung imaging in an open-access MRI system: Initial results SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Functional Lung Imaging CY 2006 CL Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA HO Univ Penn DE orientation; posture-dependent; lung imaging; open-access MRI; hyperpolarized He-3 ID HYPERPOLARIZED NOBLE-GASES; CHEST-WALL MECHANICS; PULMONARY BLOOD-FLOW; REGIONAL V/Q RATIOS; DYNAMIC-KINETIC MRI; VERY-LOW-FIELD; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; PRONE POSITION AB Rationale and Objectives. The human lung and its functions are extremely sensitive to orientation and posture, and debate continues as to the role of gravity and the surrounding anatomy in determining lung function and heterogeneity of perfusion and ventilation. However, study of these effects is difficult. The conventional high-field magnets used for,most hyperpolarized He-3 magnetic resonance imaging (MRJ) of the human lung, and most other common radiologic imaging modalities including positron emission tomography and computed tomography, restrict subjects to lying horizontally, minimizing most gravitational effects. Materials and Methods. In this article, we review the motivation for posture-dependent studies of human lung function and present initial imaging results of human lungs in the supine and vertical body orientations using inhaled hyperpolarized 3He gas and an open-access MRI instrument. The open geometry of this MRI system features a "walk-in" capability that permits subjects to be imaged in vertical and horizontal positions and potentially allows for complete rotation of the orientation of the imaging subject in a two-dimensional plane. Results. Initial results include two-dimensional lung images acquired with similar to 4 X 8 rum in-plane resolution and three-dimensional images with similar to 2-cm slice thickness. Conclusions. Effects of posture variation are observed, including posture-related effects of the diaphragm and distension of the lungs while vertical. C1 [Tsai, Leo L.; Mair, Ross W.; Rosen, Matthew S.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Tsai, Leo L.] MIT, Harvard Mit Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Tsai, Leo L.; Patz, Samuel] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Li, Chih-Hao; Rosen, Matthew S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Patz, Samuel] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Mair, RW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rmair@cfa.harvard.edu RI Patz, Samuel/I-2879-2012; OI Patz, Samuel/0000-0002-4500-1918 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB006475, R21 EB006475-01A1] NR 77 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 6 BP 728 EP 739 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2007.10.010 PG 12 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 306RW UT WOS:000256266500007 PM 18486009 ER PT J AU Mawdsley, JR Sithole, H AF Mawdsley, Jonathan R. Sithole, Hendrik TI Dry season ecology of riverine tiger beetles in Kruger National Park, South Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Africa; Cicindelidae; dry season; ecology; river; tiger beetle ID CICINDELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SEGREGATION AB The life cycles of many African species of tiger beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) exhibit pronounced seasonality, with adult emergence and reproductive activity closely associated with seasonal rains. Anecdotal reports have suggested that adults of certain riverine tiger beetle species may be active during the dry season near perennial water sources. To test this hypothesis, fifteen sites along three perennial rivers in Kruger National Park, South Africa, were surveyed for tiger beetles in early September, 2006. Thirteen sites yielded adult beetles, with six species represented [Chaetodera regalis (Dejean), Cylindera disjuncta (Dejean), Habrodera nilotica (Dejean), Lophyra neglecta intermediola (Horn), Lophyridia fimbriata imperatrix (Srnka), and Myriochile melancholica (Fabricius)]. Microhabitat associations of adults of all six species and ovipositional/larval substrates of five of the six species are reported, along with observations on predatory and reproductive behaviours and the possible presence of an anti-predator chemical defence in C. regalis and L. fimbriata imperatrix. C1 [Mawdsley, Jonathan R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sithole, Hendrik] Invertebrates, ZA-1350 Skukuza, South Africa. RP Mawdsley, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, MRC 187, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mawdsley@heinzctr.org NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 2 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00820.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 308MM UT WOS:000256394600003 ER PT J AU Hanhardt, JG AF Hanhardt, John G. TI From Screen to Gallery Cinema, Video, and Installation Art Practices SO AMERICAN ART LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hanhardt, John G.] Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. [Hanhardt, John G.] Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Hanhardt, JG (reprint author), Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1073-9300 J9 AM ART JI Am. Art PD SUM PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1086/591162 PG 7 WC Art SC Art GA 393IE UT WOS:000262366200001 ER PT J AU Wood, B AF Wood, Bernard TI Obituary: Francis Clark Howell (1925-2007) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Wood, Bernard] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, CASHP, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Wood, Bernard] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wood, B (reprint author), 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM bernardawood@gmail.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 136 IS 2 BP 125 EP 127 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20825 PG 3 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 301TM UT WOS:000255918500001 PM 18350583 ER PT J AU Hinde, K Capitanio, JP AF Hinde, K. Capitanio, J. P. TI Lactational programming? Mother's milk energy predicts infant behavior and temperament SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 31st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Primatologists CY JUN 18-21, 2008 CL Palm Beach Zoo, West Palm Beach, FL SP Amer Soc Primatol HO Palm Beach Zoo C1 [Hinde, K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Anthropol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Hinde, K.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat Biol, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Capitanio, J. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Psychol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 70 SU 1 MA 21 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 309JP UT WOS:000256456800022 ER PT J AU Leimgruber, P Senior, B Uga Aung, M Songer, MA Mueller, T Wemmer, C Ballou, JD AF Leimgruber, P. Senior, B. Uga Aung, Myint Songer, M. A. Mueller, T. Wemmer, C. Ballou, J. D. TI Modeling population viability of captive elephants in Myanmar (Burma): implications for wild populations SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Asian elephants; captive elephants; population viability analysis; Myanmar ID ASIAN ELEPHANTS AB Captive Asian elephants Elephas maximus, used as work animals, constitute up to 22-30% of remaining Asian elephants. Myanmar has the largest captive population worldwide (similar to 6000), maintained at this level for over a century. We used published demographic data to assess the viability of this captive population. We tested how this population can be self-sustained, how many elephants must be supplemented from the wild to maintain it, and what consequences live capture may have for Myanmar's wild population. Our results demonstrate that the current captive population is not self-sustaining because mortality is too high and birth rates are too low. Our models also suggest similar to 100 elephants year(-1) have been captured in the wild to supplement the captive population. Such supplementation cannot be supported by a wild population of fewer than 4000 elephants. Given the most recent expert estimate of similar to 2000 wild elephants remaining in Myanmar, a harvest of 100 elephants year(-1) could result in extinction of the wild population in 31 years. Continued live capture threatens the survival of wild and captive populations and must stop. In addition, captive breeding should be increased. These measures are essential to slow the decline and extinction of all of Myanmar's elephants. C1 [Leimgruber, P.; Senior, B.; Songer, M. A.; Mueller, T.; Wemmer, C.; Ballou, J. D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Ecol Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Uga; Aung, Myint] SICAS Off, Yangon, Myanmar. RP Leimgruber, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Ecol Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM leimgruberp@si.edu RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 47 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00172.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 307VJ UT WOS:000256346400007 ER PT J AU Rieke, GH Blaylock, M Decin, L Engelbracht, C Ogle, P Avrett, E Carpenter, J Cutri, RM Armus, L Gordon, K Gray, RO Hinz, J Su, K Willmer, CNA AF Rieke, G. H. Blaylock, M. Decin, L. Engelbracht, C. Ogle, P. Avrett, E. Carpenter, J. Cutri, R. M. Armus, L. Gordon, K. Gray, R. O. Hinz, J. Su, K. Willmer, Christopher N. A. TI Absolute physical calibration in the infrared SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : fundamental parameters; Sun : infrared; techniques : photometric ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE CALIBRATION; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MU-M; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; SOLAR PHOTOSPHERE; FLUX CALIBRATION; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; STANDARD STARS; POLE-ON AB We determine an absolute calibration for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer 24 mu m band and recommend adjustments to the published calibrations for Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), and IRAS photometry to put them on the same scale. We show that consistent results are obtained by basing the calibration on either an average A0V star spectral energy distribution (SED), or by using the absolutely calibrated SED of the Sun in comparison with solar-type stellar photometry (the solar analog method). After the rejection of a small number of stars with anomalous SEDs (or bad measurements), upper limits of similar to 1.5% root mean square (rms) are placed on the intrinsic infrared (IR) SED variations in both A-dwarf and solar-type stars. These types of stars are therefore suitable as general-purpose standard stars in the IR. We provide absolutely calibrated SEDs for a standard zero magnitude A star and for the Sun to allow extending this work to any other IR photometric system. They allow the recommended calibration to be applied from 1 to 25 mu m with an accuracy of similar to 2%, and with even higher accuracy at specific wavelengths such as 2.2, 10.6, and 24 mu m, near which there are direct measurements. However, we confirm earlier indications that Vega does not behave as a typical A0V star between the visible and the IR, making it problematic as the defining star for photometric systems. The integration of measurements of the Sun with those of solar-type stars also provides an accurate estimate of the solar SED from 1 through 30 mu m, which we show agrees with theoretical models. C1 [Rieke, G. H.; Blaylock, M.; Engelbracht, C.; Gordon, K.; Hinz, J.; Su, K.; Willmer, Christopher N. A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Decin, L.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Astron, Dept Phys & Astron, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Ogle, P.; Armus, L.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Avrett, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carpenter, J.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cutri, R. M.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gray, R. O.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Rieke, GH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. OI Su, Kate/0000-0002-3532-5580 NR 78 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 6 BP 2245 EP 2263 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2245 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309IK UT WOS:000256453700026 ER PT J AU Massarotti, A AF Massarotti, Alessandro TI Stellar rotation and planet ingestion in giants SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : evolution; stars : horizontal-branch; stars : rotation; planetary systems; techniques : spectroscopic ID LATE-TYPE STARS; CATACLYSMIC BINARIES; BROWN DWARFS; MASS STARS; METALLICITY; ACCRETION; EVOLUTION; BRANCH; ORIGIN AB We investigate the expected increase in the rotation rate of post-main-sequence stars as they expand and ingest orbiting planets. This phenomenon is expected to occur when the stellar radius becomes larger than the planet's periastron distance. We calculate the expected frequency of planet ingestion during the red giant, horizontal branch (HB), and early asymptotic giant branch phases for planets of mass m(P) >= 1M(J). We also calculate the probability of observing anomalous rotation rates in a population of solar metallicity giants as a function of stellar mass and evolutionary stage. Planet ingestion is most easily detectable in a solar mass HB star, with a probability of about 1% for solar-neighborhood metallicity. Our analysis is based on the observed distribution of mass, eccentricity, semimajor axis for extrasolar planets around solar-type main-sequence stars, on stellar evolution models, and on the typical observed rotation rates observed in a sample of solar-neighborhood giants. C1 [Massarotti, Alessandro] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Massarotti, Alessandro] Stonehill Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Easton, MA 02357 USA. RP Massarotti, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM amassaro@cfa.harvard.edu NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 6 BP 2287 EP 2290 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2287 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309IK UT WOS:000256453700029 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LF Moran, JM Franco-Hernandez, R Garay, G Brooks, KJ Mardones, D AF Rodriguez, Luis F. Moran, James M. Franco-Hernandez, Ramiro Garay, Guido Brooks, Kate J. Mardones, Diego TI The collimated jet source in IRAS 16547-4247: Time variation, possible precession, and upper limits to the proper motions along the jet axis SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; ISM : individual (IRAS 16547-4247); radio continuum : ISM; stars : formation ID THERMAL RADIO JET; MASSIVE PROTOSTAR; MOLECULAR OUTFLOW; VLA OBSERVATIONS; HH 80-81; CONTINUUM; CEPHEUS; MASERS; STARS; CONDENSATIONS AB The triple radio source detected in association with the luminous infrared source IRAS 16547-4247 has previously been studied with high angular resolution and high sensitivity with the Very Large Array at 3.6 cm wavelength. In this paper, we present new 3.6 cm observations taken 2.68 years after the first epoch that allow a search for variability and proper motions, as well as the detection of additional faint sources in the region. We do not detect proper motions along the axis of the outflow in the outer lobes of this source at a 4 sigma upper limit of similar to 160 km s(-1). This suggests that these lobes are probably working surfaces where the jet is interacting with a denser medium. However, the brightest components of the lobes show evidence of precession, at a rate of 0 degrees.08 yr(-1) clockwise in the plane of the sky. It may be possible to understand the distribution of almost all the identified sources as the result of ejecta from a precessing jet. The core of the thermal jet shows significant variations in flux density and morphology. We compare this source with other jets in low- and high-mass young stars and suggest that the latter can be understood as a scaled-up version of the former. C1 [Rodriguez, Luis F.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Mexico City 58089, DF, Mexico. [Moran, James M.; Franco-Hernandez, Ramiro] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Garay, Guido; Mardones, Diego] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Brooks, Kate J.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Rodriguez, LF (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Radioastron & Astrofis, Apdo Postal 3-72, Mexico City 58089, DF, Mexico. EM l.rodriguez@astrosmo.unam.mx; jmoran@cfa.harvard.edu; rfranco@cfa.harvard.edu; guido@das.uchile.cl; Kate.Brooks@atnf.csiro.au; mardones@das.uchile.cl RI Garay, Guido/H-8840-2013; Mardones, Diego/I-5719-2016; OI Garay, Guido/0000-0003-1649-7958; Brooks, Kate/0000-0001-9373-8992; Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 135 IS 6 BP 2370 EP 2379 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2370 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 309IK UT WOS:000256453700037 ER PT J AU Venturi, T Giacintucci, S Dallacasa, D Cassano, R Brunetti, G Bardelli, S Setti, G AF Venturi, T. Giacintucci, S. Dallacasa, D. Cassano, R. Brunetti, G. Bardelli, S. Setti, G. TI GMRT radio halo survey in galaxy clusters at z = 0.2-0.4 - II. The eBCS clusters and analysis of the complete sample SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radio continuum : galaxies; galaxies : clusters : general ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; NORTHERN SKY SURVEY; X-RAY-EMISSION; SHOCK-WAVES; COMA CLUSTER; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; RELIC CANDIDATES; COSMIC-RAYS; REACCELERATION AB Aims. We present the results of the GMRT cluster radio halo survey. The main purposes of our observational project are to measure what fraction of massive galaxy clusters in the redshift range z = 0.2-0.4 host a radio halo, and to constrain the expectations of the particle re-acceleration model for the origin of the non-thermal radio emission. Methods. We selected a complete sample of 50 clusters in the X-ray band from the REFLEX (27) and the eBCS (23) catalogues. We present Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations at 610 MHz for all clusters still lacking high sensitivity radio information, i.e. 16 eBCS and 7 REFLEX clusters, thus completing the radio information for the whole sample. The typical sensitivity in our images is in the range 1 sigma similar to 35-100 mu Jy b(-1). Results. We found a radio halo in A697, a diffuse peripheral source of unclear nature in A781, a core-halo source in Z7160, a candidate radio halo in A1682 and "suspect" central emission in Z2661. Including the literature information, a total of 10 clusters in the sample host a radio halo. A very important result of our work is that 25 out of the 34 clusters observed with the GMRT do not host extended central emission at the sensitivity level of our observations, and for 20 of them firm upper limits to the radio power of a giant radio halo were derived. The GMRT Radio Halo Survey shows that radio halos are not common, and our findings on the fraction of giant radio halos in massive clusters are consistent with the statistical expectations based on the re-acceleration model. Our results favour primary to secondary electron models. C1 [Venturi, T.; Giacintucci, S.; Dallacasa, D.; Cassano, R.; Brunetti, G.; Setti, G.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giacintucci, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dallacasa, D.; Cassano, R.; Setti, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Bardelli, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Venturi, T (reprint author), INAF Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM tventuri@ira.inaf.it RI Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; OI Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Cassano, Rossella/0000-0003-4046-0637; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307; Brunetti, Gianfranco/0000-0003-4195-8613 NR 62 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 484 IS 2 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809622 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307HJ UT WOS:000256309700006 ER PT J AU Qin, SL Wang, JJ Zhao, G Miller, M Zhao, JH AF Qin, Sheng-Li Wang, Jun-Jie Zhao, G. Miller, M. Zhao, Jun-Hui TI Massive molecular outflows associated with UCHII/HII regions SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : formation; stars : early-type; ISM : HII regions; ISM : jets and outflows ID H-II REGIONS; STAR-FORMING REGIONS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; INFRARED SOURCE GL-437; H2O MASERS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOWS; RADIO-CONTINUUM; HYDROXYL MASERS; CO OBSERVATIONS; HII-REGIONS AB Aims. We searched for the molecular outflows from fifteen molecular clouds associated with ultra-compact and compact HII (UCHII/HII) regions and discussed possible gas heating mechanism. Methods. Mapping observations of CO J = 3-2 and J = 2-1 lines were carried out with the KOSMA 3 m-Telescope towards the 15 HII regions/molecular cloud complexes. Results. Ten molecular outflows were identified out of the fifteen HII region/molecular cloud complexes. The higher outflow detection rate (67%) suggested that such outflows are as common in high mass star forming regions as those in low mass star forming regions, which is consistent with the results of other authors. The observations also showed that the outflow might occur in the HII region. The integrated CO line intensity ratios (R(Ico(3-2)/Ico(2-1))) were determined from the core component of the spectra as well as from both the blue and red wings. Maximum line intensity ratios from the wings and core components appeared to be related to the mid-infrared sources imaged by Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX). The relationship between the maximum line intensity ratios and MSX sources indicates that the molecular gas could be heated by the emission of dust associated with massive stars. Based on maser observations reported in the literature, we found that H(2)O masers were only detected in seven regions. The H(2)O masers in these regions are located near the MSX sources and within the maximum line intensity ratio regions, suggesting that H(2)O masers occur in relatively warm environments. C1 [Qin, Sheng-Li; Wang, Jun-Jie; Zhao, G.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Qin, Sheng-Li; Zhao, Jun-Hui] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Miller, M.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Qin, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. EM sqin@cfa.harvard.edu NR 63 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 484 IS 2 BP 361 EP U36 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078483 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307HJ UT WOS:000256309700010 ER PT J AU Rezaei, R Bruls, JHMJ Schmidt, W Beck, C Kalkofen, W Schlichenmaier, R AF Rezaei, R. Bruls, J. H. M. J. Schmidt, W. Beck, C. Kalkofen, W. Schlichenmaier, R. TI Reversal-free CaIIHprofiles: a challenge for solar chromosphere modeling in quiet inter-network SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : atmosphere ID CA-II-K; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; 2-DIMENSIONAL MODELS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SUMER OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUN; LINES; ATMOSPHERE; RESOLUTION AB Aims. We study chromospheric emission to understand the temperature stratification in the solar chromosphere. Methods. We observed the intensity profile of the Ca II H line in a quiet Sun region close to the disk center at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope. We analyze over 105 line profiles from inter-network regions. For comparison with the observed profiles, we synthesize spectra for a variety of model atmospheres with a non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer code. Results. A fraction of about 25% of the observed Ca II H line profiles do not show a measurable emission peak in H-2v and H-2r wave-length bands (reversal-free). All of the chosen model atmospheres with a temperature rise fail to reproduce such profiles. On the other hand, the synthetic calcium profile of a model atmosphere that has a monotonic decline of the temperature with height shows a reversal-free profile that has much lower intensities than any observed line profile. Conclusions. The observed reversal-free profiles indicate the existence of cool patches in the interior of chromospheric network cells, at least for short time intervals. Our finding is not only in conflict with a full-time hot chromosphere, but also with a very cool chromosphere as found in some dynamic simulations. C1 [Rezaei, R.; Bruls, J. H. M. J.; Schmidt, W.; Schlichenmaier, R.] Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Beck, C.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Kalkofen, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rezaei, R (reprint author), Kiepenheuer Inst Sonnenphys, Schoneckstr 6, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. EM rrezaei@kis.uni-freiburg.de; bruls@kis.uni-freiburg.de; wolfgang@kis.uni-freiburg.de; cbeck@iac.es; wolf@cfa.harvard.edu; schliche@kis.uni-freiburg.de RI Schmidt, Wolfgang/A-7272-2015; OI Rezaei, Reza/0000-0002-3267-8946 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 484 IS 2 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079050 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307HJ UT WOS:000256309700027 ER PT J AU Bujarrabal, V Young, K Fong, D AF Bujarrabal, V. Young, K. Fong, D. TI Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211): a pre main-sequence A-type star SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : circumstellar matter; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : formation; stars : individual : Gomez's Hamburger ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; ORBITING GAS DISK; RED-RECTANGLE; KEPLERIAN DISK; YOUNG STARS; CO EMISSION; T-TAURI; EVOLUTION; MASS AB Aims. We study the nature of Gomez's Hamburger (IRAS 18059-3211; GoHam), a nebula that has been proposed to be a post-AGB object. Such a classification has not been confirmed; instead, we argue that it will be a key object in the study of disks rotating around young stars. Methods. We present high-resolution SMA maps of CO J = 2-1 in Gomez's Hamburger. The data are analyzed by means of a code that simulates the emission of a nebula showing a variety of physical conditions and kinematics. Results. Our observations clearly show that the CO emitting gas in Gomez's Hamburger forms a spectacular disk in keplerian rotation. Model calculations undoubtly confirm this result. The central (mainly stellar) mass is found to be high, similar to 4 M-circle dot for a distance of 500 pc. The mass and (relatively low) luminosity of the source are, independent of the assumed distance, very different from those possible in evolved stars. This object is probably transitional between the pre-MS and MS phases, still showing interstellar material around the central star or stellar system. C1 [Bujarrabal, V.] OAN IGN, Alcala De Henares 28803, Spain. [Young, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fong, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Bujarrabal, V (reprint author), OAN IGN, Apartado 112, Alcala De Henares 28803, Spain. EM v.bujarrabal@oan.es; rtm@cfa.harvard.edu; dfong@sma.hawaii.edu NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1432-0746 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 483 IS 3 BP 839 EP 845 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079273 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 302FB UT WOS:000255953100021 ER PT J AU Rose, SJ Matranga, M Mathioudakis, M Keenan, FP Wark, JS AF Rose, S. J. Matranga, M. Mathioudakis, M. Keenan, F. P. Wark, J. S. TI Line intensity enhancements in stellar coronal X-ray spectra due to opacity effects SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer; stars : activity; stars : coronae; techniques : spectroscopic; X-rays : stars ID FE-XVII; ATOMIC DATABASE; OPTICALLY THIN; EMISSION-LINES; ACTIVE STARS; SOLAR; SPECTROSCOPY; PLASMAS; CHIANTI AB Context. The I(15.01 angstrom)/I(16.78 angstrom) emission line intensity ratio in Fe XVII has been reported to deviate from its theoretical value in solar and stellar X-ray spectra. This is attributed to opacity in the 15.01 angstrom line, leading to a reduction in its intensity, and was interpreted in terms of a geometry in which the emitters and absorbers are spatially distinct. Aims. We study the I(15.01 angstrom)/I(16.78 angstrom) intensity ratio for the active cool dwarf EV Lac, in both flare and quiescent spectra. Methods. The observations were obtained with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on the XMM-Newton satellite. The emission measure distribution versus temperature reconstruction technique is used for our analysis. Results. We find that the 15.01 angstrom line exhibits a significant enhancement in intensity over the optically thin value. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such an enhancement has been detected on such a sound statistical basis. We interpret this enhancement in terms of a geometry in which the emitters and absorbers are not spatially distinct, and where the geometry is such that resonant pumping of the upper level has a greater effect on the observed line intensity than resonant absorption in the line-of-sight. C1 [Rose, S. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Matranga, M.; Mathioudakis, M.; Keenan, F. P.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Matranga, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wark, J. S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Rose, SJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM s.rose@imperial.ac.uk OI Rose, Steven/0000-0001-6808-6355 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 483 IS 3 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079040 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 302FB UT WOS:000255953100026 ER PT J AU Gorjian, V Brodwin, M Kochanek, CS Murray, S Stern, D Brand, K Eisenhardt, PR Ashby, MLN Barmby, P Brown, MJI Dey, A Forman, W Jannuzi, BT Jones, C Kenter, AT Pahre, MA Shields, JC Werner, MW Willner, SP AF Gorjian, V. Brodwin, M. Kochanek, C. S. Murray, S. Stern, D. Brand, K. Eisenhardt, P. R. Ashby, M. L. N. Barmby, P. Brown, M. J. I. Dey, A. Forman, W. Jannuzi, B. T. Jones, C. Kenter, A. T. Pahre, M. A. Shields, J. C. Werner, M. W. Willner, S. P. TI The mid-infrared properties of X-ray sources SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; infrared : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; STAR POPULATIONS; SOURCE CATALOG; BOOTES FIELD; GALAXIES; COUNTERPARTS AB We combine the results of the Spitzer IRAC Shallow Survey and the Chandra XBootes Survey of the 8.5 deg(2) Bootes field of the NOAO Deep Wide- Field Survey to produce the largest comparison of mid-IR and X-ray sources to date. The comparison is limited to sources with X-ray fluxes > 8 x 10(-15) ergs cm(-2) s(-1) in the 0.5-7.0 keV range and mid-IR sources with 3.6 mu m fluxes brighter than 18.4 mag (12.3 mu Jy). In this most sensitive IRAC band, 85% of the 3086 X-ray sources have mid-IR counterparts at an 80% confidence level based on a Bayesian matching technique. Only 2.5% of the sample have no IRAC counterpart at all based on visual inspection. Even for a smaller but a significantly deeper Chandra survey in the same field, the IRAC Shallow Survey recovers most of the X-ray sources. A majority (65%) of the Chandra sources detected in all four IRAC bands occupy a well-defined region of IRAC [3.6] - [4.5] versus [5.8] - [8.0] color-color space. These X-ray sources are likely infrared-luminous, unobscured type I AGNs with little mid-infrared flux contributed by the AGN host galaxy. Of the remaining Chandra sources, most are lower luminosity type I and type II AGNs whose mid-IR emission is dominated by the host galaxy, while approximately 5% are either Galactic stars or very local galaxies. C1 [Gorjian, V.; Brodwin, M.; Stern, D.; Eisenhardt, P. R.; Werner, M. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Murray, S.; Ashby, M. L. N.; Barmby, P.; Forman, W.; Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brand, K.; Dey, A.; Jannuzi, B. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Brown, M. J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Shields, J. C.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Gorjian, V (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 169-327,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM varoujan.gorjian@jpl.nasa.gov RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137; Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1040 EP 1046 DI 10.1086/587431 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500010 ER PT J AU Kuo, CY Lim, J Tang, YW Ho, PTP AF Kuo, Cheng-Yu Lim, Jeremy Tang, Ya-Wen Ho, Paul T. P. TI Prevalence of tidal interactions among local Seyfert galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : structure ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; QUASAR HOST GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; STAR-FORMATION; DISK GALAXIES; NGC 931; ENVIRONMENT; COMPANIONS AB No mechanisms have hitherto been conclusively demonstrated to be responsible for initiating optically luminous nuclear (Seyfert) activity in local disk galaxies. Only a small minority of such galaxies are visibly disturbed in optical starlight, with the observed disturbances being at best marginally stronger than those found in matched samples of inactive galaxies. Here we report the first systematic study of an optically selected sample of 23 active galaxies in atomic hydrogen (H I) gas, which is the most sensitive and enduring tracer known of tidal interactions. Eighteen of these galaxies are (generally) classified as Seyferts, with over half (and perhaps all) having [O III] luminosities within 2 orders of magnitude of QSOs. Only similar to 28% of these Seyfert galaxies are visibly disturbed in optical DSS2 images. By contrast, similar to 94% of the same galaxies are disturbed in HI, in nearly all cases not just spatially but also kinematically on galactic (greater than or similar to 20 kpc) scales. In at least similar to 67% and perhaps up to similar to 94% of cases, the observed H I disturbances can be traced to tidal interactions with neighboring galaxies detected also in H I. The majority of these neighboring galaxies have projected separations of less than or similar to 100 kpc and differ in radial velocities by less than or similar to 100 km s(-1) from their respective Seyfert galaxies, and many have optical luminosities ranging from the Small to Large Magellanic Clouds. In a companion paper we show that only similar to 15% of a matched control sample of inactive galaxies display comparable H I disturbances. Our results suggest that (1) most Seyfert galaxies (with high nuclear luminosities) have experienced tidal interactions in the recent past and (2) in most cases these tidal interactions are responsible for initiating events that lead to their nuclear activity. C1 [Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Lim, Jeremy; Tang, Ya-Wen; Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Kuo, Cheng-Yu] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Tang, Ya-Wen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kuo, CY (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM ck2v@virginia.edu; jlim@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; ywtang@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw OI Tang, Ya-Wen/0000-0002-0675-276X NR 76 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1047 EP 1093 DI 10.1086/587044 PG 47 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500011 ER PT J AU Tang, YW Kuo, CY Lim, J Ho, PTP AF Tang, Ya-Wen Kuo, Cheng-Yu Lim, Jeremy Ho, Paul T. P. TI Prevalence of tidal interactions among local Seyfert galaxies: The control experiment SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : ISM; galaxies : Seyfert; galaxies : structure ID ENVIRONMENT; COMPANIONS; REDSHIFTS; CCD AB We test whether there is a relation between the observed tidal interactions and Seyfert activity by imaging in atomic hydrogen (H I 27) inactive galaxies at the same spatial resolution and detection threshold as the Seyfert sample. This control sample of inactive galaxies was closely matched in Hubble type, range in size, and inclination and has roughly comparable galaxy optical luminosity to the Seyfert galaxies. We find that only similar to 15% of the galaxies in our control sample are disturbed in H I, whereas the remaining similar to 85% show no disturbances whatsoever in H I. Even at a spatial resolution of similar to 10 kpc, none of the latter galaxies show appreciable H I disturbances reminiscent of tidal features. In a companion paper we report results from the first systematic imaging survey of Seyfert galaxies in H I gas. We find that only similar to 28% of the 18 Seyfert galaxies in that sample are visibly disturbed in optical starlight. By contrast, similar to 94% of the same Seyfert galaxies are disturbed spatially and usually also kinematically in H I gas on galactic scales of greater than or similar to 20 kpc. In at least similar to 67% and up to perhaps 94% of cases, the observed disturbances can be traced to tidal interactions with neighboring galaxies detected also in H I. The dramatic contrast between the observed prevalence of H I disturbances in the Seyfert and control samples similar to implicates tidal interactions in initiating events that lead to luminous Seyfert activity in a large fraction of local disk galaxies. C1 [Tang, Ya-Wen; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Lim, Jeremy; Ho, Paul T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Tang, Ya-Wen] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Kuo, Cheng-Yu] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Ho, Paul T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Tang, YW (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM ywtang@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; ck2v@mail.astro.virginia.edu; jlim@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; pho@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1094 EP 1127 DI 10.1086/587045 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500012 ER PT J AU Randall, SW Markevitch, M Clowe, D Gonzalez, AH Bradac, M AF Randall, Scott W. Markevitch, Maxim Clowe, Douglas Gonzalez, Anthony H. Bradac, Marusa TI Constraints on the self-interaction cross section of dark matter from numerical simulations of the merging galaxy cluster 1E 0657-56 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; galaxies : clusters : individual (1E 0657-56); large-scale structure of universe; methods : numerical ID DENSITY PROFILE; MASS-DISTRIBUTION; X-RAY; HALOS; EXISTENCE; BULLET; 1E0657-56; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; SHOCK AB We compare recent results from X-ray, strong lensing, weak lensing, and optical observations with numerical simulations of the merging galaxy cluster 1E 0657-56. X-ray observations reveal a bullet-like subcluster with a prominent bow shock, which gives an estimate for the merger velocity of 4700 km s(-1), while lensing results show that the positions of the total mass peaks are consistent with the centroids of the collisionless galaxies ( and inconsistent with the X-ray brightness peaks). Previous studies, based on older observational data sets, have placed upper limits on the self-interaction cross section of dark matter per unit mass, sigma/m, using simplified analytic techniques. In this work, we take advantage of new, higher quality observational data sets by running full N-body simulations of 1E 0657-56 that include the effects of self-interacting dark matter, and comparing the results with observations. Furthermore, the recent data allow for a new independent method of constraining sigma/m, based on the nonobservation of an offset between the bullet subcluster mass peak and galaxy centroid. This new method places an upper limit (68% confidence) of sigma/m < 1.25 cm(2) g(-1). If we make the assumption that the subcluster and the main cluster had equal mass-to-light ratios prior to the merger, we derive our most stringent constraint of sigma/m < 0.7 cm(2) g(-1), which comes from the consistency of the subcluster's observed mass-to-light ratio with the main cluster's, and with the universal cluster value, ruling out the possibility of a large fraction of dark matter particles being scattered away due to collisions. Our limit is a slight improvement over the previous result from analytic estimates, and rules out most of the 0.5-5 cm2 g (-1) range invoked to explain inconsistencies between the standard collisionless cold dark matter model and observations. C1 [Randall, Scott W.; Markevitch, Maxim] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Markevitch, Maxim] Russian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Clowe, Douglas] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Clowe, Douglas] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Gonzalez, Anthony H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bradac, Marusa] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Randall, SW (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 40 TC 208 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1173 EP 1180 DI 10.1086/587859 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500016 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Beilicke, M Blaylock, G Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Butt, Y Byrum, KL Celik, O Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Chow, YCK Cogan, P Colin, P Cui, W Daniel, MK Duke, C Ergin, T Falcone, AD Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, LF Gall, D Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Grube, J Guenette, R Hanna, D Hays, E Holder, J Horan, D Hughes, SB Hui, CM Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Kieda, DB Kildea, J Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Lee, K Maier, G McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nagai, T Ong, RA Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reynolds, PT Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Toner, JA Valcarcel, L Vassiliev, VV Wagner, R Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A White, RJ Williams, DA Wissel, SA Wood, M Zitzer, B AF Acciari, V. A. Beilicke, M. Blaylock, G. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Butt, Y. Byrum, K. L. Celik, O. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Chow, Y. C. K. Cogan, P. Colin, P. Cui, W. Daniel, M. K. Duke, C. Ergin, T. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. F. Gall, D. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. H. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Hanna, D. Hays, E. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hughes, S. B. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Kieda, D. B. Kildea, J. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Lee, K. Maier, G. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pizlo, F. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P. T. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Toner, J. A. Valcarcel, L. Vassiliev, V. V. Wagner, R. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. A. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. TI Veritas observations of the gamma-ray binary LS I+61 303 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; binaries : general; gamma rays : observations; stars : individual (LS I+61 303) ID LS-I +61-DEGREES-303; MICROQUASAR LS-I+61-303; LSI+61-DEGREES-303; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; MODEL; MODULATION; ASTRONOMY; SPECTRUM; CATALOG AB LS I +61 303 is one of only a few high-mass X-ray binaries currently detected at high significance in very high energy gamma-rays. The system was observed over several orbital cycles ( between 2006 September and 2007 February) with the VERITAS array of imaging air Cerenkov telescopes. A signal of gamma-rays with energies above 300 GeV is found with a statistical significance of 8.4 standard deviations. The detected flux is measured to be strongly variable; the maximum flux is found during most orbital cycles at apastron. The energy spectrum for the period of maximum emission can be characterized by a power law with a photon index of Gamma = 2.40 +/- 0.16(stat) +/- 0.2(sys) and a flux above 300 GeV corresponding to 15% - 20% of the flux from the Crab Nebula. C1 [Acciari, V. A.; Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Acciari, V. A.; Cesarini, A.; Gibbs, K.; Hays, E.; Kildea, J.; Perkins, J. S.; Smith, A. W.; Toner, J. A.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Hughes, S. B.; Krawczynski, H.; Lee, K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Blaylock, G.; Ergin, T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Daniel, M. K.; Grube, J.; Rose, H. J.; Smith, A. W.; White, R. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Butt, Y.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Byrum, K. L.; Hays, E.; Horan, D.; Wagner, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Celik, O.; Chow, Y. C. K.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.; Toner, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L. F.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S. P.; Wakely, S. P.; Wissel, S. A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Colin, P.; Hui, C. M.; Kieda, D. B.; LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Konopelko, A.; Millis, J.; Pizlo, F.; Sembroski, G. H.; Zitzer, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Falcone, A. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fortin, P.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; Maier, G.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.; Valcarcel, L.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kaaret, P.; Pandel, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Krennrich, F.; Nagai, T.; Pohl, M.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Acciari, VA (reprint author), Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Dublin Rd, Galway, Ireland. EM gernot.maier@mcgill.ca RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794 NR 47 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1427 EP 1432 DI 10.1086/587736 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500037 ER PT J AU Freire, PCC Wolszczan, A van den Berg, M Hessels, JWT AF Freire, Paulo C. C. Wolszczan, Alex van den Berg, Maureen Hessels, Jason W. T. TI A massive neutron star in the globular cluster M5 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; equation of state; pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR B1516+02A, PSR B1516+02B); stars : neutron ID RELATIVISTIC CELESTIAL MECHANICS; MILLISECOND PULSARS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; PROPER MOTIONS; TIMING FORMULA; BINARY-SYSTEMS; ORBITS; TELESCOPE; COMPANION; CATALOG AB We report the results of 19 years of Arecibo timing for two pulsars in the globular cluster NGC 5904 (M5), PSR B1516+02A (M5A) and PSR B1516+02B (M5B). This has resulted in the measurement of the proper motions of these pulsars and, by extension, that of the cluster itself. M5B is a 7.95 ms pulsar in a binary system with a > 0.13 M(circle dot) companion and an orbital period of 6.86 days. In deep HST images, no optical counterpart is detected within similar to 2.5 sigma of the position of the pulsar, implying that the companion is either a white dwarf or a low-mass main-sequence star. The eccentricity of the orbit (e = 0.14) has allowed a measurement of the rate of advance of periastron: (omega) = over dot> 0.0142 degrees +/- 0.0007 degrees yr(-1). We argue that it is very likely that this periastron advance is due to the effects of general relativity, the total mass of the binary system then being 2.29 +/- 0.17 M(circle dot). The small measured mass function implies, in a statistical sense, that a very large fraction of this total mass is contained in the pulsar: M(p) 2.08 +/- 0.19 M(circle dot) (1 sigma); there is a 5% probability that the mass of this object is < 1.72 M(circle dot) and a 0.77% probability that 1.2 M(circle dot) <= Mp <= 1.44 M(circle dot). Confirmation of the median mass for this neutron star would exclude most "soft'' equations of state for dense neutron matter. Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) appear to have a much wider mass distribution than is found in double neutron star systems; about half of these objects are significantly more massive than 1.44 M(circle dot). A possible cause is the much longer episode of mass accretion necessary to recycle a MSP, which in some cases corresponds to a much larger mass transfer. C1 [Wolszczan, Alex] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [van den Berg, Maureen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hessels, Jason W. T.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM pfreire@naic.edu; alex@astro.psu.edu; maureen@head.cfa.harvard.edu; jhessels@science.uva.nl NR 43 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1433 EP 1442 DI 10.1086/587832 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500038 ER PT J AU Garcia-Alvarez, D Drake, JJ Kashyap, VL Lin, L Ball, B AF Garcia-Alvarez, David Drake, Jeremy J. Kashyap, V. L. Lin, L. Ball, B. TI Coronae of young fast rotators SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : abundances; stars : activity; stars : coronae; Sun : corona; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LOW-MASS STARS; EMISSION MEASURE DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOSPHERIC METAL ABUNDANCES; DORADUS MOVING GROUP; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; XMM-NEWTON VIEW; RS-CVN SYSTEMS; AB-DORADUS; STELLAR CORONAE AB AB Dor, Speedy Mic, and Rst 137B are in their early post-T Tauri evolutionary phase (< 100 Myr), at the age of fastest rotation in the life of late-type stars. They straddle the coronal saturation-supersaturation boundary first defined by young stars in open clusters. High-resolution Chandra X-ray spectra have been analyzed to study their coronal properties as a function of coronal activity parameters Rossby number, L-X/L-bol, and a coronal temperature index. Differences between stars suggest that as supersaturation is reached the DEM slope below the temperature of peak DEM becomes shallower, while the DEM drop-off above this temperature becomes more pronounced. A larger sample comprising our three targets and 22 active stars studied in the recent literature reveals a general increase of plasma at T greater than or similar to 10(7) K toward the saturated-supersaturated boundary but a decline beyond this among supersaturated stars. The coronal Fe abundances of the stellar sample are inversely correlated with L-X/L-bol, declining slowly with rising L-X/L-bol, but with a much more sharp decline at L-X/L-bol greater than or similar to 3 x 10(-4). For dwarfs the Fe abundance is also well correlated with Rossby number. The coronal O/Fe ratios for dwarfs show a clear increase with decreasing Rossby number, apparently reaching saturation at [O/Fe] = 0.5 at the coronal supersaturation boundary. C1 [Garcia-Alvarez, David; Drake, Jeremy J.; Kashyap, V. L.; Lin, L.; Ball, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Garcia-Alvarez, D (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. NR 98 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1509 EP 1521 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500045 ER PT J AU Drake, JJ Chung, SM Kashyap, V Korhonen, H Van Ballegooijen, A Elstner, D AF Drake, Jeremy J. Chung, Sun Mi Kashyap, Vinay Korhonen, Heidi Van Ballegooijen, Adriaan Elstner, Detlef TI X-ray spectroscopic signatures of the extended corona of FK Comae SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : coronae; stars : individual (FK Comae); stars : late-type; X-rays : stars ID LATE-TYPE STARS; FLIP-FLOP PHENOMENON; H-ALPHA-LINE; AB-DORADUS; LONG-TERM; ACTIVE LONGITUDES; FORBIDDEN LINES; DOPPLER SHIFTS; SPOT EVOLUTION; EVOLVED STARS AB High-resolution Chandra X-ray spectra and surface Doppler images obtained from optical spectra of the rapidly rotating giant FK Com have been analyzed in order to investigate links between coronal and surface magnetic structures. Net redshifts were detected at the 3 sigma level in the light of Ne lambda 12.13 amounting to similar to 140 km s(-1). Smaller shifts of similar to 60 km s(-1) at the similar to 2 sigma level are seen in the X-ray spectrum as a whole, while the observed position of O VIII lambda 18.97, the second strongest line in the spectrum after Ne x, is also consistent with its rest wavelength. There is no statistical difference between redshifts during the first and second halves of the observation. Spectral line widths are most consistent with thermal broadening combined with rotational broadening at a scale height of similar to 1R(*), although they are also statistically consistent with surface rotational broadening. We interpret the results as indicative of hot plasma predominantly residing in extended structures centered at phase phi = 0.75 with a size similar to that of the star itself. The contemporaneous Doppler images of the surface of FK Com reveal active longitudes at phases phi similar to 0.6 and 0.9. We speculate that extended coronal structures correspond to magnetic fields joining the two active longitudes, which theoretical models predict are of opposite magnetic polarity. Such structures are supported by coronal potential field extrapolations of typical theoretical model surface magnetic field distributions. This study was based on a relatively short 40 ks Chandra observation. A much longer observation of FK Com with the HETGS, combined with contemporaneous Zeeman-Doppler imaging, would be of great value for constraining magnetospheric structure and dynamo models of rapidly rotating stars. C1 [Drake, Jeremy J.; Chung, Sun Mi; Kashyap, Vinay; Van Ballegooijen, Adriaan] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Korhonen, Heidi] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Elstner, Detlef] Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. RP Drake, JJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, MS-3,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdrake@cfa.harvard.edu; hkorhone@eso.org; elstner@aip.de RI Korhonen, Heidi/E-3065-2016; OI Korhonen, Heidi/0000-0003-0529-1161; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan/0000-0002-5622-3540 NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1522 EP 1530 DI 10.1086/587443 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500046 ER PT J AU Brown, KIT Gray, DF Baliunas, SL AF Brown, Kevin I. T. Gray, David F. Baliunas, Sallie L. TI Long-term spectroscopic monitoring of Arcturus SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : atmospheres; stars : late-type; stars : magnetic fields; techniques : spectroscopic ID LINE-DEPTH RATIOS; STELLAR DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION; RADIAL-VELOCITY VARIATIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; CA-II H; SIGMA-GEMINORUM; GIANT STARS; COOL STARS; K-GIANTS; CHROMOSPHERIC VARIATIONS AB We evaluate observed spectroscopic activity of Arcturus (HR 5340, K2 III) from 1984 to 2007 using high-resolution spectroscopy and Ca II H+K emission. Line-depth ratios of the V I lambda 6251.83 angstrom to Fe I lambda 6252.56 angstrom lines and line bisectors from Fe I lambda 6252.56 angstrom are used to evaluate spectroscopic activity. Chromospheric emission within H+K lines is used as a magnetic activity indicator. We observe a significant portion of what appears to be a magnetic cycle with a period of >= 14 yr. Line-depth ratios show comparable variation, but with a time lag of 2.0 +/- 0.5 yr with respect to H+K variations. This time lag is qualitatively similar to previous observations of G and K dwarfs. No corresponding variation is observed in line bisectors. H+K and line bisectors also show variability within seasons. A Fourier analysis reveals periods of 253 and 207 days during the 1984 - 1989 H+K seasons. Line bisectors show excess power over the range of approximate to 115 - 200 days from 1992 to 2007. We attribute this intraseason variability to inferred magnetic activity along active longitudes. The range of periods observed in H+K and line bisectors (approximate to 115 - 253 days) may result from migration of active regions within longitude bands, implying differential rotation. We compare these observations with the Sun and other solar-type stars. A 1/f noise component to the Fourier spectrum of the line bisector variations is also observed. C1 [Brown, Kevin I. T.; Gray, David F.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Baliunas, Sallie L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Brown, KIT (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM kbrown@astro.uwo.ca; dfgray@uwo.ca; sbaliunas@cfa.harvard.edu NR 100 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP 1531 EP 1540 DI 10.1086/587783 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 307JP UT WOS:000256315500047 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Reynolds, CS Fabian, AC Cackett, EM Miniutti, G Raymond, J Steeghs, D Reis, R Homan, J AF Miller, J. M. Reynolds, C. S. Fabian, A. C. Cackett, E. M. Miniutti, G. Raymond, J. Steeghs, D. Reis, R. Homan, J. TI Initial measurements of black hole spin in GX 339-4 from Suzaku spectroscopy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; relativity; stars : individual (GX 339-4) ID XMM-NEWTON/EPIC-PN; STRONG GRAVITY; IRON-LINE; ACCRETION DISK; EMISSION-LINE; GX-339-4; STATE; XTE-J1650-500; REFLECTION; CANDIDATE AB We report on a deep Suzaku observation of the stellar-mass black hole GX 339-4 in outburst. A clear, strong, relativistically shaped iron emission line from the inner accretion disk is observed. The broadband disk reflection spectrum revealed is one of the most sensitive yet obtained from an accreting black hole. We fit the Suzaku spectra with a physically motivated disk reflection model, blurred by a new relativistic line function in which the black hole spin parameter is a variable. This procedure yielded a black hole spin parameter of a p. Joint modeling of these Suzaku spectra and prior XMM-Newton spectra obtained in two different 0.89 +/- 0.04 outburst phases yields a spin parameter of a = 0.93 +/- 0.01. The degree of consistency between these results suggests that disk reflection models allow for spin measurements that are not strongly biased by scattering effects. We suggest that the best value of the black hole spin parameter is a = 0.93 +/- 0.01 (statistical) +/- 0.04 (systematic). Although preliminary, these results represent the first direct measurement of nonzero spin in a stellar-mass black hole using relativistic line modeling. C1 [Miller, J. M.; Cackett, E. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reynolds, C. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fabian, A. C.; Miniutti, G.; Reis, R.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 OHA, England. [Miniutti, G.] UMR 7164, Lab APC, F-75205 Paris, France. [Raymond, J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Steeghs, D.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Homan, J.] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jonmm@umich.edu RI Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Miniutti, Giovanni/L-2721-2014; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009; OI Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Miniutti, Giovanni/0000-0003-0707-4531; reis, rubens/0000-0002-6618-2412 NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 2 BP L113 EP L116 DI 10.1086/589446 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DU UT WOS:000256722100014 ER PT J AU Narayanan, D Cox, TJ Kelly, B Dave, R Hernquist, L Di Matteo, T Hopkins, PF Kulesa, C Robertson, B Walker, CK AF Narayanan, Desika Cox, Thomas J. Kelly, Brandon Dave, Romeel Hernquist, Lars Di Matteo, Tiziana Hopkins, Philip F. Kulesa, Craig Robertson, Brant Walker, Christopher K. TI The role of galactic winds on molecular gas emission from galaxy mergers SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; ISM : jets and outflows; line : profiles; quasars : general ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; INTRINSIC ABSORPTION-LINES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; IRAS 1-JY SAMPLE; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; MAJOR MERGERS AB Galactic winds from starbursts and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are thought to play an important role in driving galaxies along the starburst-AGN sequence. Here, we assess the impact of these winds on the CO emission from galaxy mergers and, in particular, search for signatures of starburst and AGN-feedback-driven winds in the simulated CO morphologies and emission-line profiles. We do so by combining a three-dimensional non-LTE molecular line radiative transfer code with smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations of galaxy mergers that include prescriptions for star formation, black hole growth, a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), and the winds associated with star formation and black hole growth. Our main results are (1) Galactic winds can drive outflows of masses similar to 10(8)-10(9) M-circle dot which may be imaged via CO emission-line mapping. (2) AGN-feedback-driven winds are able to drive detectable CO outflows for longer periods of time than starburst-driven winds owing to the greater amount of energy imparted to the ISM by AGN feedback compared to star formation. (3) Galactic winds can control the spatial extent of the CO emission in postmerger galaxies, and may serve as a physical motivation for the subkiloparsec scale CO emission radii observed in local advanced mergers. (4) Secondary emission peaks at velocities greater than the circular velocity are seen in the CO emission lines in all models, regardless of the associated wind model. In models with winds, however, these high-velocity peaks are seen to preferentially correspond to outflowing gas entrained in winds, which is not the case in the model without winds. The high-velocity peaks seen in models without winds are typically confined to velocity offsets (from the systemic) less than or similar to 1.7 times the circular velocity, whereas the models with AGN-feedback-driven winds can drive high-velocity peaks to similar to 2.5 times the circular velocity. C1 [Narayanan, Desika; Kelly, Brandon; Dave, Romeel; Kulesa, Craig; Walker, Christopher K.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cox, Thomas J.; Hernquist, Lars; Hopkins, Philip F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Di Matteo, Tiziana] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Robertson, Brant] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Robertson, Brant] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Narayanan, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dnarayanan@as.arizona.edu RI Di Matteo, Tiziana/O-4762-2014 OI Di Matteo, Tiziana/0000-0002-6462-5734 NR 154 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 176 IS 2 BP 331 EP 354 DI 10.1086/533500 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PU UT WOS:000257672200002 ER PT J AU Kelly, BC Bechtold, J Trump, JR Vestergaard, M Siemiginowska, A AF Kelly, Brandon C. Bechtold, Jill Trump, Jonathan R. Vestergaard, Marianne Siemiginowska, Aneta TI Observational constraints on the dependence of radio-quiet quasar X-ray emission on black hole mass and accretion rate SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE accretion; accretion disks; galaxies : active; quasars : general; ultraviolet : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; SEYFERT 1 GALAXIES; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; 3RD DATA RELEASE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; VELOCITY DISPERSION AB In this work we use a sample of 318 radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) to investigate the dependence of the ratio of optical/UV flux to X-ray flux, alpha(ox), and the X-ray photon index, Gamma(X), on black hole mass, UV relative to Eddington luminosity, and X-ray relative to Eddington luminosity. Our sample is drawn from the literature, with X-ray data from ROSAT and Chandra, and optical data mostly from the SDSS; 153 of these sources have estimates of Gamma(X) from Chandra. We estimate M-BH using standard estimates derived from the H beta, Mg II, and C IV broad emission lines. Our sample spans a broad range in black hole mass (10(6) less than or similar to M-BH/M-circle dot less than or similar to 10(10)), redshift (0 < z < 4: 8), and luminosity (10(43) less than or similar to lambda L-lambda(2500 angstrom) [ergs s(-1)]less than or similar to 10(48)). We find that alpha(ox) increases with increasing M-BH and L-UV/L-Edd and decreases with increasing L-X/L-Edd. In addition, we confirm the correlation seen in previous studies between Gamma(X) and MBH and both L-UV/L-Edd and L-X/L-Edd; however, we also find evidence that the dependence of Gamma(X) of these quantities is not monotonic, changing sign at M-BH similar to 3 x 10(8) M-circle dot. We argue that the alpha(ox) correlations imply that the fraction of bolometric luminosity emitted by the accretion disk, as compared to the corona, increases with increasing accretion rate relative to the Eddington rate, m. In addition, we argue that the Gamma(X) trends are caused by a dependence of X-ray spectral index on m. We discuss our results within the context of accretion models with Comptonizing corona and discuss the implications of the alpha(ox) correlations for quasar feedback. To date, this is the largest study of the dependence of RQQ X-ray parameters on black hole mass and related quantities, and the first to attempt to correct for the large statistical uncertainty in the broad-line mass estimates. C1 [Kelly, Brandon C.; Bechtold, Jill; Trump, Jonathan R.; Vestergaard, Marianne] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. [Siemiginowska, Aneta] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kelly, BC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85710 USA. EM bkelly@as.arizona.edu; jbechtold@as.arizona.edu; jtrump@as.arizona.edu; mvestergaard@as.arizona.edu; asiemiginowska@cfa.harvard.edu RI Vestergaard, Marianne/M-5247-2014 OI Vestergaard, Marianne/0000-0001-9191-9837 NR 138 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 176 IS 2 BP 355 EP 373 DI 10.1086/533440 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PU UT WOS:000257672200003 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Curran, TJ AF Laurance, William F. Curran, Timothy J. TI Impacts of wind disturbance on fragmented tropical forests: A review and synthesis SO AUSTRAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE edge effect; forest dynamics; habitat fragmentation; plant functional trait; windstorm resistance and resilience ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE ACTIVITY; AMAZONIAN TREE COMMUNITIES; MONTANE RAIN-FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; POSITIVE FEEDBACKS; CROWN ASYMMETRY; SEED DISPERSAL; WOODY-PLANTS AB Wind disturbance is an important ecological force in the tropics, especially in the cyclonic and hurricane zones from about 7-20 degrees latitude. Damage from intense winds may be especially severe in fragmented forests because of their abrupt artificial margins and denuded surrounding landscapes. We review available information on the effects of windstorms on fragmented forests, synthesizing studies from Australasia, Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. Wind damage in fragmented landscapes can be influenced by a range of factors, such as forest-edge orientation, edge structure, the size of nearby clearings and local topography. We argue that wind disturbances are likely to interact with, and exacerbate, a range of deleterious environmental changes in fragmented forests. Among the most important of these are altered forest structure, shifts in plant species composition, exotic-plant invasions, reduced carbon storage and elevated vulnerability to fire. The damaging impacts of winds on fragmented forests could potentially increase in the future, particularly if global warming leads to increasingly severe or frequent windstorms. C1 [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Laurance, William F.] Natl Inst Amazonian Res INPA, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Curran, Timothy J.] Ctr Rainforest Studies, Sch Field Studies, Yungaburra, Qld, Australia. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 109 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 11 U2 76 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1442-9985 J9 AUSTRAL ECOL JI Austral Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2008.01895.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297US UT WOS:000255643500003 ER PT J AU Bruna, EM Darrigo, MR Pacheco, AMF Vasconcelos, HL AF Bruna, Emilio M. Darrigo, Maria Rosa Furuya Pacheco, Angela Midori Vasconcelos, Heraldo L. TI Interspecific variation in the defensive responses of ant mutualists to plant volatiles SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ant-plant mutualism; Azteca; Maieta; Melastomataceae; myrmecophyte; Pheidole minutula; Tococa bullifera ID TRIBE MICONIEAE MELASTOMATACEAE; HOST PLANTS; LEAF DAMAGE; CUES; HERBIVORY; CONSEQUENCES; ASSOCIATION; RECRUITMENT; PROTECTION; PHYLOGENY AB In ant-plant mutualist systems, ants patrol their host plants and search for herbivores. Such patrolling can be inefficient, however, because herbivore activity is spatio-temporally unpredictable. It has been proposed that rapid and efficient systems of communication between ants and plants, such as volatile compounds released following herbivory, both elicit defensive responses and direct workers to sites of herbivore activity. We performed bioassays in which we challenged colonies of two Amazonian plant-ants, Azteca sp. and Pheidole minutula, with extracts of leaf tissue from (1) their respective host-plant species (Tococa bullifera and Maieta guianensis, both Melastomataceae), (2) sympatric ant-plants from the Melastomataceae, and (3) two sympatric but non-myrmecophytic Melastomataceae. We found that ants of both species responded dramatically to host-plant extracts, and that these responses are greater than those to sympatric myrmecophytes. Azteca sp. also responded to non-myrmecophytes with an intensity similar to that of sympatric ant-plants. By contrast, the response of P. minutula to any non-myrmecophytic extracts was limited. These differences may be driven in part by interspecific differences in nesting behaviour; although P. minutula only nests in host plants, Azteca sp. will establish carton satellite nests on nearby plants. We hypothesize that Azteca sp. must therefore recognize and defend a wider array of species than P. minutula. (C) 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 94, 241-249. C1 [Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bruna, Emilio M.] Univ Florida, Ctr Latin Amer Studies, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bruna, Emilio M.; Darrigo, Maria Rosa; Furuya Pacheco, Angela Midori] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Bruna, Emilio M.; Darrigo, Maria Rosa; Furuya Pacheco, Angela Midori] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Vasconcelos, Heraldo L.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. RP Bruna, EM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM embruna@ufl.edu RI Bruna, Emilio/H-2769-2012 OI Bruna, Emilio/0000-0003-3381-8477 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 2 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.00962.x PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 307WR UT WOS:000256350300003 ER PT J AU Fishman, J Bowman, KW Burrows, JP Richter, A Chance, KV Edwards, DP Martin, RV Morris, GA Pierce, RB Ziemke, JR Al-Saadi, JA Creilson, JK Schaack, TK Thompson, AM AF Fishman, Jack Bowman, Kevin W. Burrows, John P. Richter, Andreas Chance, Kelly V. Edwards, David P. Martin, Randall V. Morris, Gary A. Pierce, R. Bradley Ziemke, Jerald R. Al-Saadi, Jassim A. Creilson, John K. Schaack, Todd K. Thompson, Anne M. TI Remote sensing of tropospheric pollution from space SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; GOME MEASUREMENTS; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; AIR-POLLUTION; OZONE BUDGET; EMISSIONS; NO2 AB Geostationary satellite observations of chemically reactive trace gases will provide unique insight into the evolution and extent of air pollution with the temporal resolution necessary to address air quality on a daily basis. C1 [Fishman, Jack; Al-Saadi, Jassim A.; Creilson, John K.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Bowman, Kevin W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Burrows, John P.; Richter, Andreas] Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. [Chance, Kelly V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Edwards, David P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Martin, Randall V.] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, Randall V.] Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Morris, Gary A.] Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Madison, WI USA. [Ziemke, Jerald R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schaack, Todd K.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Thompson, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Fishman, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM jack.fishman@nasa.gov RI Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Burrows, John/B-6199-2014; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Burrows, John/0000-0002-6821-5580; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 85 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 6 BP 805 EP 821 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2526.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 323RZ UT WOS:000257467400014 ER PT J AU Steury, BW Fleming, GP Strong, MT AF Steury, Brent W. Fleming, Gary P. Strong, Mark T. TI An emendation of the vascular flora of Great Falls Park, Fairfax County, Virginia SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article AB A total of 519 plant taxa have been added to the known flora of Great Falls Park, Fairfax County, Virginia, since the vascular flora was first published more than 30 yr ago. Species erroneously reported from the Park are noted. To date, 1,015 vascular plant taxa representing 1,002 species, eight infraspecific taxa, and five hybrids from 492 genera in 139 families have been documented within the Park. Of these, 76 are known only from historical specimens. Twenty-three of the documented plants are listed as rare in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Non-native taxa comprised 19.8% of the vascular flora in the Park. Ecological community types of the Park are described and listed for each associated taxon. C1 [Steury, Brent W.] Natl Pk Serv, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Fleming, Gary P.] Virginia Dept Conservat & Recreat, Div Nat Heritage, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. [Strong, Mark T.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Steury, BW (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, George Washington Mem Pkwy,Turkey Run Pk, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. EM Brent_Steury@nps.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD JUN PY 2008 VL 73 IS 2 BP 123 EP 149 DI 10.2179/0008-7475(2008)73[123:AEOTVF]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 337FF UT WOS:000258420200006 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Croes, BM Guissouegou, N Buij, R Dethier, M Alonso, A AF Laurance, William F. Croes, Barbara M. Guissouegou, Nicaise Buij, Ralph Dethier, Marc Alonso, Alfonso TI Impacts of roads, hunting, and habitat alteration on nocturnal mammals in African rainforests SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African rainforest; bushmeat; Gabon; hunting; logging; nocturnal mammals; oil development; road effects ID CONGO BASIN; TROPICAL FORESTS; CENTRAL AMAZONIA; CONSERVATION; WILDLIFE; EXTINCTION; BIRDS; VULNERABILITY; COMMUNITIES; POPULATIONS AB Nocturnal mammals are poorly studied in Central Africa, a region experiencing dramatic increases in logging, roads, and hunting activity. In the rainforests of southern Gabon, we used spotlighting surveys to estimate abundances of nocturnal mammal species and guilds at varying distances from forest roads and between hunted and unhunted treatments (comparing a 130-km(2) oil concession that was nearly free of bunting, with nearby areas outside the concession that had moderate bunting pressure). At each of 12 study sites that were evenly divided between hunted and unhunted areas, we established standardized 1-km transects along road verges and at 50, 300, and 600 m from the road. We then repeatedly surveyed mammals at each site during 2006 Hunting had few apparent effects on this assemblage. Nevertheless, the species richness and often the abundance of nocturnal primates, smaller ungulates, and carnivores were significantly depressed within approximately 30 m of roads. Scansorial rodents increased in abundance in hunted forests, possibly in response to habitat changes caused by logging or nearby swidden farming. In multiple-regression models many species and guilds were significantly influenced by forest-canopy and understory cover, both of which are altered by logging and by certain abiotic variables. In general, nocturnal species, many of which are arboreal or relatively small in size (< 10 kg), were less strongly influenced by hunting and more strongly affected by human-induced changes in forest structure than were larger mammal species in our study area. C1 [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Croes, Barbara M.; Guissouegou, Nicaise; Dethier, Marc; Alonso, Alfonso] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Croes, Barbara M.; Buij, Ralph] Leiden Univ, Inst Environm Sci CML, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Buij, Ralph/M-4669-2013 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 69 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 721 EP 732 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00917.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311PT UT WOS:000256612800029 PM 18477030 ER PT J AU Gomez, A Kilpatrick, AM Kramer, LD Dupuis, AP Maffei, JG Goetz, SJ Marra, PP Daszak, P Aguirre, AA AF Gomez, Andres Kilpatrick, A. Marm Kramer, Laura D. Dupuis, Alan P., II Maffei, Joseph G. Goetz, Scott J. Marra, Peter P. Daszak, Peter Aguirre, A. Alonso TI Land use and West Nile Virus seroprevalence in wild mammals SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; BRIDGE VECTOR; UNITED-STATES; FLAVIVIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; EXPOSURE AB We examined West Nile virus (WNV) seroprevalence in wild mammals along a forest-to-urban gradient in the US mid-Atlantic region. WNV antibody prevalence increased with age, urbanization, and date of capture for juveniles and varied significantly between species. These findings suggest several requirements for using mammals as indicators of transmission. C1 [Gomez, Andres] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kilpatrick, A. Marm; Daszak, Peter] Consortium Conservat Med, New York, NY USA. [Kilpatrick, A. Marm] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Kramer, Laura D.; Dupuis, Alan P., II; Maffei, Joseph G.] New York State Dept Hlth, Slingerlands, NY USA. [Goetz, Scott J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Marra, Peter P.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Aguirre, A. Alonso] Wildlife Trust, New York, NY USA. RP Gomez, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave,MC5557, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM ag2112@caa.columbia.edu RI Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015 OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01AI25490] NR 15 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2008 VL 14 IS 6 BP 962 EP 965 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 309MR UT WOS:000256465100019 PM 18507915 ER PT J AU Turner, BL AF Turner, B. L. TI Soil organic phosphorus in tropical forests: an assessment of the NaOH-EDTA extraction procedure for quantitative analysis by solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; PASTURE SOILS; FRACTIONATION; ASSIGNMENTS; SEDIMENTS; SAMPLES AB The extraction of soil organic phosphorus by the NaOH-EDTA procedure was assessed in detail for a tropical forest soil (clay-loam, pH 4.3, total carbon 2.7%). Optimum conditions for the quantification of soil organic phosphorus and characterization of its composition by solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy were extraction in a solution containing 0.25 M NaOH and 50 mM Na(2)EDTA in a 1:20 solid to solution ratio for 4 hours at ambient laboratory temperature. Replicate analyses yielded a coefficient of variation of 3% for organic phosphorus as a proportion of the spectral area. There was no significant difference in total phosphorus extraction from fresh and air-dried soil, although slightly more organic phosphorus and less paramagnetic ions were extracted from dried soil. The procedure was not improved by changing the concentration of NaOH or EDTA, extraction time, or solid to solution ratio. Pre-extraction with HCl or Na(2)EDTA did not increase subsequent organic phosphorus extraction in NaOH-EDTA or improve spectral resolution in solution (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Post-extraction treatment with Chelex resin did not improve spectral resolution, but removed small concentrations of phosphorus from the extracts. Increasing the pH of NaOH-EDTA extracts (up to 1.0 M NaOH) increased the concentration of phosphate monoesters, but decreased DNA to an undetectable level, indicating its hydrolysis in strong alkali. The standardized NaOH-EDTA extraction procedure is therefore recommended for the analysis of organic phosphorus in tropical forest soils. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM turnerbl@si.edu RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722 NR 34 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 43 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-0754 J9 EUR J SOIL SCI JI Eur. J. Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 59 IS 3 BP 453 EP 466 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00994.x PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 301TA UT WOS:000255917300005 ER PT J AU Takahashi, EM Arthur, KE Shaw, GR AF Takahashi, Eri M. Arthur, Karen E. Shaw, Glen R. TI Occurrence of okadaic acid in the feeding grounds of dugongs (Dugong dugon) and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Moreton Bay, Australia SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Prorocentrum lima; seagrass; Moreton Bay; okadaic acid; dugong; green turtle ID DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM-LIMA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DIARRHETIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; POTENTIAL ROLE; LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; TUMOR PROMOTION; HERON-ISLAND; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; VARIABILITY; INHIBITION AB Okadaic acid (OA) is a diarrhetic shellfish poison (DSP) produced by a number of marine organisms including the benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima, which are often found on seagrass. As seagrass forms the basis of the diet of dugong (Dugong dugon) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas), these herbivores may potentially be exposed to OA through ingestion of P. lima found on the seagrass. In this study, the abundance of epiphytic R lima, on seagrass, and the concentration of OA produced by these epiphytic dinoflagellates was measured in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. R lima and OA were found on all four species of seagrass collected. OA was detected in epiphytic material collected from seagrass, with a maximum of 460 ng OA/kg((wwtSG)) found on Halophila spinulosa. From this information, the estimated maximum daily intake (DI) of OA by an adult dugong consuming 40 kg((wwtSG))/day was 18,400 ng/day, and an adult turtle consuming 2 kg((wwtSG))/day was 920 ng/day. Analysis by HPLC/MS/MS of 54 stranded dugongs and 19 stranded turtles did not yield OA above the detection limit of 10,000 ng/kg((animal tissue).) OA was found on seagrass, however it was not detected in the tissue samples of dugongs and turtles. (C0 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shaw, Glen R.] Griffith Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Meadowbrook, Qld 4131, Australia. [Takahashi, Eri M.] Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol EnTox, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia. [Takahashi, Eri M.] Univ Caen, F-14032 Caen, France. [Arthur, Karen E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Arthur, Karen E.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Shaw, GR (reprint author), Griffith Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Acad 1 3-31,Univ Dr, Meadowbrook, Qld 4131, Australia. EM g.shaw@griffith.edu.au RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JUN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 4 BP 430 EP 437 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.09.003 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 311CS UT WOS:000256578400005 ER PT J AU Fraser, WC Kavelaars, JJ Holman, MJ Pritchet, CJ Gladman, BJ Grav, T Jones, RL MacWilliams, J Petit, JM AF Fraser, Wesley C. Kavelaars, J. J. Holman, M. J. Pritchet, C. J. Gladman, B. J. Grav, T. Jones, R. L. MacWilliams, J. Petit, J. M. TI The Kuiper belt luminosity function from m(R)=21 to 26 SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE collisional physics; Kuiper belt ID FRANCE-HAWAII-TELESCOPE; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS; SUPERNOVA LEGACY SURVEY; OUTER SOLAR-SYSTEM; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; BODIES; UNCERTAINTIES; DISCOVERY; DEBRIS; PLANE AB We have performed an ecliptic imaging survey of the Kuiper belt with our deepest and widest field achieving a limiting flux of m(g')(50%) similar to 26.4, with a sky coverage of 3.0 square-degrees. This is the largest coverage of any other Kuiper belt survey to this depth. We detect 72 objects, two of which have been previously observed. We have improved the Bayesian maximum likelihood fitting technique presented in Gladman et al. [Gladman, B., Kavelaars, J.J., Nicholson, P.D., Loredo, T.J., Burns, J.A., 1998. Astron. J. 116, 2042-2054] to account for calibration and sky density variations and have used this to determine the luminosity function of the Kuiper belt. Combining our detections with previous surveys, we find the luminosity function is well represented by a single power-law with slope alpha = 0.65 +/- 0.05 and an on ecliptic sky density of 1 object per square-degree brighter than m(R) = 23.42 +/- 0.13. Assuming constant albedos, this slope suggests a differential size-distribution slope of 4.25 +/- 0.25, which is steeper than the Dohnanyi slope of 3.5 expected if the belt is in a state of collisional equilibrium. We find no evidence for a roll-over or knee in the luminosity function and reject such models brightward of m(R) similar to 24.6. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fraser, Wesley C.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Pritchet, C. J.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Fraser, Wesley C.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Jones, R. L.; MacWilliams, J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Holman, M. J.; Grav, T.; Petit, J. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gladman, B. J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Petit, J. M.] Observatoire Besancon, F-25010 Besancon, France. RP Fraser, WC (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM wesley.fraser@nrc.ca NR 39 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JUN PY 2008 VL 195 IS 2 BP 827 EP 843 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.014 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 304SD UT WOS:000256128500026 ER PT J AU Harbaugh, DT AF Harbaugh, Danica T. TI Polyploid and hybrid origins of pacific island sandalwoods (Santalum, santalaceae) inferred from low-copy nuclear and flow cytometry data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE hybridization; island biogeography; phylogeny; polyploidy; Santalum; waxy ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; GENOME SIZE; GBSSI GENE; PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY; FLOWERING PLANTS; INVASIVE PLANT; SEQUENCES; INFERENCE; WAXY AB It has been argued that polyploids are better adapted than diploids for long-distance dispersal to and establishment on oceanic islands. To address this issue in a molecular phylogenetic framework, the extensive history of auto- and allopolyploidization in Santalum (Santalaceae), the sandalwood genus, was studied by sequencing the low-copy nuclear gene waxy and investigating the ploidy level of all 16 species. Ploidy level was estimated by measuring the C value (total amount of DNA per nucleus) using flow cytometry and calibrating it by known chromosome numbers and new root-tip chromosome counts of several taxa. Results indicate four ploidy levels in Santalum: diploid (n = 10), tetraploid (n = 20), hexaploid (n = 30), and octoploid (n = 40). The waxy phylogeny suggests that at least six independent polyploid events occurred in the history of Santalum: two allopolyploid events between distantly related species and four putatively autopolyploid events. An additional hybrid event between two tetraploid Hawaiian clades evidently produced the tetraploid species S. boninense, endemic to the Bonin Islands. By finding more than twice as many long-distance island colonizations from polyploid as from diploid ancestors, this study provides novel evidence for the role of polyploidy in plant colonization throughout the Pacific Islands. C1 [Harbaugh, Danica T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Univ & Jepson Herbaria, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harbaugh, DT (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 166, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM harbaughd@si.edu NR 51 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 23 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 169 IS 5 BP 677 EP 685 DI 10.1086/533610 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 303LS UT WOS:000256042600010 ER PT J AU Logsdon, JM AF Logsdon, John M. TI The politics of space security: Strategic restraint and the pursuit of national interests SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Logsdon, John M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Logsdon, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM logsdon@gwu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 322VR UT WOS:000257403900030 ER PT J AU Logsdon, JM AF Logsdon, John M. TI Twilight war: The folly of US space dominance SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Logsdon, John M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Logsdon, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM logsdon@gwu.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 24 IS 4 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 322VR UT WOS:000257403900029 ER PT J AU Bernstein, B AF Bernstein, Bruce TI Explorers in Eden: Pueblo Indians and the promised land SO JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 [Bernstein, Bruce] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Bernstein, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA DEPT ANTHROPOLOGY, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-1561 USA SN 0091-7710 J9 J ANTHROPOL RES JI J. Anthropol. Res. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 64 IS 2 BP 301 EP 303 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 316AP UT WOS:000256921600022 ER PT J AU Lindsay, I Minc, L Descantes, C Speakman, RJ Glascock, MD AF Lindsay, Ian Minc, Leah Descantes, Christophe Speakman, Robert J. Glascock, Michael D. TI Exchange patterns, boundary formation, and sociopolitical change in Late Bronze Age Southern Caucasia: preliminary results from a pottery provenance study in northwestern Armenia SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NAA; ceramics; political economy; Late Bronze Age; Caucasus AB In the South Caucasus-roughly the territory of today's Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan-the transition from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) to the Late Bronze Age (LBA) is equated with fundamental shifts in settlement patterns, subsistence economy, and political strategies. During the mid-2nd millennium BC, nomadic pastoral societies that had dominated the region began to settle down and construct stone fortresses along the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus; these fortifications largely replaced the expansive and often opulently adorned kurgan burials as the most prominent expression of political dominance on the landscape. After a decade of intensive archaeological study at various fortifications, very little remains known about the political and economic relationships among fortresses on a regional scale that might improve our understanding of the roots of these sociopolitical transformations. In this paper, we highlight the results of a recent neutron activation analysis (NAA) of ceramics from elite and non-elite contexts at a selection of LBA fortresses on the Tsaghkahovit Plain in northwestern Armenia, and offer some preliminary interpretations about political and economic organization and boundary formation. Most strikingly, the NAA data suggest that the fortresses on the Tsaghkahovit Plain appear to have isolated themselves economically from surrounding valleys, perhaps in an attempt to forge boundaries and legitimating ideologies attendant to new political formations that were quite distinct from their nomadic predecessors in the MBA. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lindsay, Ian] Purdue Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Minc, Leah] Oregon State Univ, Radiat Ctr 100, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Descantes, Christophe] Univ Calif Berkeley, Archaeol Res Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Glascock, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lindsay, I (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, 700 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ilindsay@purdue.edu OI Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1673 EP 1682 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.010 PG 10 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 299XZ UT WOS:000255790200020 ER PT J AU Deem, SL Ladwig, E Cray, C Karesh, WB Amato, G AF Deem, Sharon L. Ladwig, Emily Cray, Carolyn Karesh, William B. Amato, George TI Health assessment of the ex situ population of St Vincent parrots (Amazona guildingii) in St Vincent and the Grenadines SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN MEDICINE AND SURGERY LA English DT Article DE health assessment; hematology; plasma biochemical analysis; plasma protein electrophoresis; ex situ population; avian; St Vincent Amazon parrot; Amazona guildingii ID PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMATOZOA; BOLIVIA; PLASMA; BIRDS; PERU AB The St Vincent Amazon parrot (Amazona guildingii), listed as a CITES appendix I animal, is endemic only to the mainland of St Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG), Lesser Antilles. A health assessment that included physical examination, hematology, blood parasite evaluation, plasma biochemical analysis, plasma protein electrophoresis, level of exposure to selected infectious agents, and fecal parasites was performed in July 2002 on 37 (51%) of the parrots in the captive population in SVG. Clinical abnormalities noted in the 37 parrots included poor feathers, lipomas, abnormal choanal papillae, obesity, leg ulcers, respiratory abnormalities, cardiac abnormalities, seizure activity, old fractures, missing digits, skin disease associated with mites (Knemidokoptes species), oral granuloma, and a thin, friable beak. Only 7 of the birds were clinically normal on physical examination. Results of hematologic testing, plasma biochemical analysis, and plasma electrophoresis were not statistically different between female and male parrots. No blood parasites were found in any of the 32 samples examined. None of the 36 parrots evaluated had antibodies to the 12 infectious agents tested. Of the 21 fecal samples available, Capillaria species was detected in 1 bird. Findings from this study, in addition to nutritional, genetic, and husbandry evaluations, have been used to make recommendations to the Forestry Department of SVG for improvements in husbandry and veterinary care of this ex situ population. C1 [Deem, Sharon L.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Ladwig, Emily] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Dept Ornithol, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Karesh, William B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Field Vet Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Amato, George] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Int Programs, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Cray, Carolyn] Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Deem, Sharon L.] St Louis Zoo, WildCare Inst, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Deem, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Anim Hlth, 3001 Connecticut Ave, Washington, DC 20008 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASSOC AVIAN VETERINARIANS PI BOCA RATON PA PO BOX 811720, BOCA RATON, FL 33481 USA SN 1082-6742 J9 J AVIAN MED SURG JI J. Avian Med. Surg. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1647/2007-022R.1 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 325PK UT WOS:000257600600004 PM 18689072 ER PT J AU Meiri, S Meijaard, E Wich, SA Groves, CP Helgen, KM AF Meiri, Shai Meijaard, Erik Wich, Serge A. Groves, Colin P. Helgen, Kristofer M. TI Mammals of Borneo - small size on a large island SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE body size; Borneo; distribution; dwarfism; island rule; Java; Malay peninsula; productivity; Sumatra ID MALAYAN SUN BEARS; BODY-SIZE; INSULAR CARNIVORES; FASTING-ENDURANCE; EAST KALIMANTAN; BERGMANNS RULE; PONGO-PYGMAEUS; EVOLUTION; PLEISTOCENE; VERTEBRATES AB Aim Island mammals have featured prominently in models of the evolution of body size. Most of these models examine size evolution across a wide range of islands in order to test which island characteristics influence evolutionary pathways. Here, we examine the mammalian fauna of a single island, Borneo, where previous work has detected that some mammal species have evolved a relatively small size. We test whether Borneo is characterized by smaller mammals than adjacent areas, and examine possible causes for the different trajectories of size evolution between different Bornean species. Location Sundaland: Borneo, Sumatra, Java and the Malay/Thai Peninsula. Methods We compared the mammalian body size frequency distributions in the four areas to examine whether the large mammal fauna of Borneo is more depauperate than elsewhere. We measured specimens belonging to 54 mammal species that are shared between Borneo and any of the other areas in order to determine whether there is an intraspecific tendency for Bornean mammals to evolve small body size. Using data on diet, body size and geographical ranges we examine factors that are thought to influence body size. Results Borneo has fewer large mammals than the other areas, but this is not statistically significant. Large Bornean mammals are significantly smaller than their conspecifics in the other regions, while there are no differences between the body sizes of mammals on Sumatra, Java and the Malay/Thai Peninsula. The finding that large mammals show the greatest size difference between Borneo and elsewhere contrasts with some models of size evolution on islands of different areas. Diet does not correlate with the degree of size reduction. Sunda region endemics show a weaker tendency to be small on Borneo than do widespread species. Main conclusions We suggest that soil quality may drive size evolution by affecting primary productivity. On Borneo, where soils are generally poor in nutrients, this may both limit biomass and cause mammals to be reduced in body size. We hypothesize that widespread species respond to low resource abundance by reducing in size, while endemic elements of the fauna have had longer to adjust to local conditions by altering their behaviour, physiology and/or ecology, and are thus similar in size across the region. C1 [Meiri, Shai] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, NERC, Ctr Populat Biol, Ascot, Berks, England. [Meijaard, Erik] Nature Conservancy, Trop Forest Initiat, Balikpapan, Indonesia. [Meijaard, Erik; Groves, Colin P.] Australian Natl Univ, French Archaeol & Anthropol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wich, Serge A.] Great Ape Trust Iowa, Des Moines, IA USA. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Meiri, S (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, NERC, Ctr Populat Biol, Silwood Pk, Ascot, Berks, England. EM s.meiri@imperial.ac.uk RI Meiri, Shai/C-4930-2008; Meiri, Shai/D-2403-2010; Meijaard, Erik/A-2687-2016; OI Meiri, Shai/0000-0003-3839-6330; Meijaard, Erik/0000-0001-8685-3685; Wich, Serge/0000-0003-3954-5174 NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1094 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01897.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 298VI UT WOS:000255714800010 ER PT J AU Niven, JE Laughlin, SB AF Niven, Jeremy E. Laughlin, Simon B. TI Energy limitation as a selective pressure on the evolution of sensory systems SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE sodium-potassium pump; metabolic rate; energy efficiency; information processing; sparse coding; ion channel; photoreceptor ID BASAL METABOLIC-RATE; CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; SHAKER K+-CHANNELS; EXPENSIVE-TISSUE HYPOTHESIS; MUSCLE AEROBIC CAPACITY; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DROSOPHILA PHOTORECEPTORS; BRAIN SIZE; COMPONENT PLACEMENT; NEURAL INFORMATION AB Evolution of animal morphology, physiology and behaviour is shaped by the selective pressures to which they are subject. Some selective pressures act to increase the benefits accrued whilst others act to reduce the costs incurred, affecting the cost/benefit ratio. Selective pressures therefore produce a trade-off between costs and benefits that ultimately influences the fitness of the whole organism. The nervous system has a unique position as the interface between morphology, physiology and behaviour; the final output of the nervous system is the behaviour of the animal, which is a product of both its morphology and physiology. The nervous system is under selective pressure to generate adaptive behaviour, but at the same time is subject to costs related to the amount of energy that it consumes. Characterising this trade-off between costs and benefits is essential to understanding the evolution of nervous systems, including our own. Within the nervous system, sensory systems are the most amenable to analysing costs and benefits, not only because their function can be more readily defined than that of many central brain regions and their benefits quantified in terms of their performance, but also because recent studies of sensory systems have begun to directly assess their energetic costs. Our review focuses on the visual system in particular, although the principles we discuss are equally applicable throughout the nervous system. Examples are taken from a wide range of sensory modalities in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We aim to place the studies we review into an evolutionary framework. We combine experimentally determined measures of energy consumption from whole retinas of rabbits and flies with intracellular measurements of energy consumption from single fly photoreceptors and recently constructed energy budgets for neural processing in rats to assess the contributions of various components to neuronal energy consumption. Taken together, these studies emphasize the high costs of maintaining neurons at rest and whilst signalling. A substantial proportion of neuronal energy consumption is related to the movements of ions across the neuronal cell membrane through ion channels, though other processes such as vesicle loading and transmitter recycling also consume energy. Many of the energetic costs within neurons are linked to 3Na(+)/2K(+) ATPase activity, which consumes energy to pump Na+ and K+ ions across the cell membrane and is essential for the maintenance of the resting potential and its restoration following signalling. Furthermore, recent studies in fly photoreceptors show that energetic costs can be related, via basic biophysical relationships, to their function. These findings emphasize that neurons are subject to a law of diminishing returns that severely penalizes excess functional capacity with increased energetic costs. The high energetic costs associated with neural tissue favour energy efficient coding and wiring schemes, which have been found in numerous sensory systems. We discuss the role of these efficient schemes in reducing the costs of information processing. Assessing evidence from a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate examples, we show that reducing energy expenditure can account for many of the morphological features of sensory systems and has played a key role in their evolution. C1 [Niven, Jeremy E.; Laughlin, Simon B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Niven, Jeremy E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Niven, JE (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM jen22@hermes.cam.ac.uk RI Niven, Jeremy/A-5883-2011; Bullmore, Edward/C-1706-2012 OI Bullmore, Edward/0000-0002-8955-8283 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council NR 147 TC 296 Z9 298 U1 8 U2 103 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 11 BP 1792 EP 1804 DI 10.1242/jeb.017574 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 303VO UT WOS:000256069200019 PM 18490395 ER PT J AU Deichmann, JL Duellman, WE Williamson, GB AF Deichmann, Jessica L. Duellman, William E. Williamson, G. Bruce TI Predicting biomass from snout-vent length in new world frogs SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIBIAN DECLINES; WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS; POPULATION DECLINES; SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; REGRESSIONS; EXTINCTIONS; AUSTRALIA; INSECTS; WESTERN; MASS AB In this study, we determined how well the snout-vent length (SVL) of anurans estimated their mass for 36 species in the New World. Linear regressions of log-mass on log-SVL were highly significant for all species, explaining more than 75% of the mass variation in most species, and over 50% of the mass variation in all species. We also investigated differences in the mass/SVL relationship within species, comparing juveniles to adults, females to gravid females, and males to females, to determine the importance of developing separate regressions for sex or life-stage classes. Three of six tests between juveniles and adults, and two of nine tests between females and gravid females, indicated statistically significant differences, although these differences had only minor effects on mass estimates. More statistical differences in regression equations occurred between males and females; again, these differences were unimportant for estimates of mass in some cases, but they were important where there was strong sexual size dimorphism within a species. Continued collection of both SVL and mass data in new field studies of anurans will provide broader analyses of mass/SVL regressions. These species regressions along with data on density can be used to determine anurans community biomass. C1 [Deichmann, Jessica L.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Deichmann, Jessica L.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Deichmann, Jessica L.; Williamson, G. Bruce] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Duellman, William E.] Univ Kansas, Nat Hist Museum, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Duellman, William E.] Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Deichmann, JL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jdeichl@lsu.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 EI 1937-2418 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1670/07-0731.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 308LG UT WOS:000256391000004 ER PT J AU Wells, K Kalko, EKV Lakim, MB Pfeiffer, M AF Wells, Konstans Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. Lakim, Maklarin B. Pfeiffer, Martin TI Movement and ranging patterns of a tropical rat (Leopoldamys sabanus) in logged and unlogged rain forests SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE foraging; forest structure; home range; logging; movement trajectories; Muridae; radiotracking ID SMALL MAMMALS; HOME-RANGE; SEED PREDATION; RANDOM-WALKS; SCALE; MALAYSIA; ECOLOGY; SEARCH; ENVIRONMENT; DIVERSITY AB Knowledge of how animals move through the environment is important for predicting effects of habitat change on faunal distributions. Logging of tropical rain forests produces habitat changes on multiple scales that may affect movement and habitat use by small mammals. To explore the effects of such habitat changes, we compared movement and ranging patterns of the long-tailed giant rat (Leopoldamys sabanus) in logged and unlogged rain forests in Borneo. On a small scale, movement was quantified using spool-and-line tracks; on a larger scale, movement was quantified via radiotracking. At the small scale, paths (49 tracks of 55.2 m +/- 20.7 SD each) were relatively straight, with similar step (straight-line section) length distributions in both forest types. At the larger scale, the rats (16 individuals tracked for 4 nights each, (X) over bar = 1,443 +/- 991 m of movement per night) moved with similar speed through both forest types (mean distance covered per 10-min interval = 32 +/- 45 m). Based on telemetry data, mean nightly activity periods for individual rats averaged 485 +/- 109 min (areas covered = 2,083-9,829 m(2)), with no statistically significant differences between logged and unlogged forests. The large variability in individual movement parameters was not predicted by sex or forest type, suggesting that the paths taken were most likely responses to the local distribution of resources in a heterogeneous rain-forest environment. We conclude that the logged and unlogged forests did not differ with respect to features that are important to movement and ranging patterns of L. sabanus, suggesting that general differences associated with logging may not predict the effects of this type of disturbance on habitat use by individual species of small mammals. C1 [Wells, Konstans; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.; Pfeiffer, Martin] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Wells, K (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. EM konstans.wells@uni-ulm.de RI Wells, Konstans/A-7232-2010; Pfeiffer, Martin/A-6989-2012 OI Wells, Konstans/0000-0003-0377-2463; NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 17 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 3 BP 712 EP 720 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-074R2.1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 310TK UT WOS:000256553100020 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, CLC Burns, JR Malabarba, LR Weitzman, SH AF de Oliveira, Cristina L. C. Burns, John R. Malabarba, Luiz R. Weitzman, Stanley H. TI Sperm ultrastructure in the inseminating Macropsobrycon uruguayanae (Teleostei : Characidae : Cheirodontinae) SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insemination; sperm ultrastructure; parasperm; accessory microtubules; striated rootlet ID HEMILEPIDOTUS-GILBERTI; CILIARY ROOTLET; DIMORPHIC SPERM; FISH; SPERMATOGENESIS; SPERMATOZOON; PISCES; SCULPIN AB Macropsobrycon uruguayanae is a small, inseminating characid (tetra) of the tribe Compsurini. Although spermatozoa can be found within the ovarian cavity close to oocytes, the exact moment of fertilization has not yet been determined. Spermatozoa have moderately elongate nuclei with electron-dense chromatin. During spermiogenesis, nuclear rotation takes place. Elongate mitochondria with lamellar cristae are found posterior to the nucleus. Centrioles are parallel to one another with the proximal centriole slightly anterior to the longer distal one. The anterior tip of the proximal centriole is located within a shallow nuclear fossa. Electron-dense spurs are associated within the anterior and posterior ends of the distal centriole. Striated centriolar rootlets radiate both anteriorly and posteriorly from the distal centriole. Nine longitudinal accessory microtubules surround the axoneme in the proximal flagellum. The flagellum has a typical 9 + 2 axoneme with no intratubular differentiation. Atypical spermatozoa are also found in the testicular lumen. These cells resemble spermatozoa in most aspects, except that their nuclei are variable in shape, with the granular chromatin less electron-dense than that seen in spermatozoa. The origin and function of these cells could not be determined. The specializations seen in the spermatozoa are discussed as possible adaptations related to the habit of insemination. C1 [de Oliveira, Cristina L. C.; Malabarba, Luiz R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Burns, John R.] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Malabarba, Luiz R.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Porto Alegre, Museu Ciencias & Tecnol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Weitzman, Stanley H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Div Fishes, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP de Oliveira, CLC (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Zool, Av Bento Goncalves 9500,Predio 43435,Sala 104, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM crisbio2@pop.com.br RI Malabarba, Luiz/I-3225-2012 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 269 IS 6 BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.1002/jmor.10613 PG 7 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 311KE UT WOS:000256598300006 PM 18302242 ER PT J AU Carrano, MT Sampson, SD AF Carrano, Matthew T. Sampson, Scott D. TI The phylogeny of Ceratosauria (Dinosauria : Theropoda) SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY LA English DT Review DE systematics; dinosaur; Saurischia; evolution; Abelisauroidea; Abelisauridae; Noasauridae; biogeography; morphology ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; MOST-PARSIMONIOUS TREES; PREDATORY DINOSAUR; ABELISAURIDAE DINOSAURIA; MASIAKASAURUS-KNOPFLERI; CARNOSAUR DINOSAURIA; ADAMANTINA FORMATION; SOUTHERN FRANCE; EVOLUTION; PATAGONIA AB Recent discoveries and analyses have drawn increased attention to Ceratosauria, a taxonomically and morphologically diverse group of basal theropods. By the time of its first appearance in the Late Jurassic, the group was probably globally distributed. This pattern eventually gave way to a primarily Gondwanan distribution by the Late Cretaceous. Ceratosaurs are one of several focal groups for studies of Cretaceous palaeobiogeography and their often bizarre morphological developments highlight their distinctiveness. Unfortunately, lack of phylogenetic resolution, shifting views of which taxa fall within Ceratosauria and minimal overlap in coverage between systematic studies, have made it difficult to explicate any of these important evolutionary patterns. Although many taxa are fragmentary, an increase in new, more complete forms has clarified much of ceratosaur anatomy, allowed the identification of additional materials and increased our ability to compare specimens and taxa. We studied nearly 40 ceratosaurs from the Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous of North and South America, Europe, Africa, India and Madagascar, ultimately selecting 18 for a new cladistic analysis. The results suggest that Elaphrosourus and its relatives are the most basal ceratosaurs, followed by Ceratosaurus and Noasauridae + Abelisauridae (= Abelisauroidea). Several additional forms were identified as noasaurids, including Genusaurus. Within Abelisauridae, our analysis reveals a clade including Majungasaurus and the Indian forms, as well as a more weakly supported clade comprising Camotaurus and Ilokelesia. These results greatly clarify the sequence of character acquisition leading to, and within, Abelisauroidea. Thanks to new noasaurid materials (particularly Masiakasaurus), numerous formerly ambiguous characters can now be resolved as either abelisaurid, noasaurid or abelisauroid synapomorphies. Skull and forelimb shortening, for example, now appear to be features confined to Abelisauridae. Nevertheless, a great deal of phylogenetic resolution is lacking, particularly among noasaurids, which hampers attempts to glean meaningful biogeographical information from the phylogeny. As a result, temporal and geographical sampling biases are probably contributing to the apparent patterns in the data and we suggest that definitive answers must await new discoveries. None of the recent ceratosaurian discoveries bear directly on the controversy surrounding latest Cretaceous ceratosaur biogeography. C1 [Carrano, Matthew T.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sampson, Scott D.] Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Sampson, Scott D.] Univ Utah, Utah Museum Nat Hist, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Carrano, MT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM carranom@si.edu RI Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 206 TC 118 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2019 EI 1478-0941 J9 J SYST PALAEONTOL JI J. Syst. Palaeontol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 6 IS 2 BP 183 EP 236 DI 10.1017/51477201907002246 PG 54 WC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 319YC UT WOS:000257199900003 ER PT J AU Liu, ZJ Weller, DE Jordan, TE Correll, DL Boomer, KB AF Liu, Zhi-Jun Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. Correll, David L. Boomer, Kathleen B. TI Integrated modular modeling of water and nutrients from point and nonpoint sources in the Patuxent River watershed SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE watershed modeling; nonpoint source pollution; nutrients; point source pollution; simulation; Chesapeake Bay ID SYSTEME HYDROLOGIQUE EUROPEEN; CHESAPEAKE BAY; LAND-USE; CONSTITUENT LOADS; PART II; TOPMODEL; RUNOFF; CALIBRATION; DISCHARGES; PHOSPHORUS AB We present a simple modular landscape simulation model that is based on a watershed modeling framework in which different sets of processes occurring in a watershed can be simulated separately with different models. The model consists of three loosely coupled submodels: a rainfall-runoff model (TOPMODEL) for runoff generation in a subwatershed, a nutrient model for estimation of nutrients from nonpoint sources in a subwatershed, and a stream network model for integration of point and nonpoint sources in the routing process. The model performance was evaluated using monitoring data in the watershed of the Patuxent River, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, from July 1997 through August 1999. Despite its simplicity, the landscape model predictions of streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads were as good as or better than those of the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran model, one of the most widely used comprehensive watershed models. The landscape model was applied to predict discharges of water, sediment, silicate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, phosphate, and total phosphorus from the Patuxent watershed to its estuary. The predicted annual water discharge to the estuary was very close to the measured annual total in terms of percent errors for both years of the study period (<= 2%). The model predictions for loads of nutrients were also good (20-30%) or very good (<20%) with exceptions of sediment (40%), phosphate (36%), and organic carbon (53%) for Year 1. C1 [Liu, Zhi-Jun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. [Weller, Donald E.; Jordan, Thomas E.; Correll, David L.; Boomer, Kathleen B.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM z_liu@uncg.edu OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 700 EP 723 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00200.x PG 24 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 302BY UT WOS:000255945000014 ER PT J AU Guzman, HM Breedy, O AF Guzman, Hector M. Breedy, Odalisca TI Leptogorgia christiae (Octocorallia : Gorgoniidae) a new shallow water gorgonian from Pacific Panama SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Leptogorgia christiae; new species; Coiba Island; eastern pacific; octocorals ID EASTERN PACIFIC; COELENTERATA AB Leptogorgia christiae is a rarely collected new species found at 15-30 m depth at Roca Hacha, a rocky outcrop near Coiba Island characterized by its high diversity of octocorals. The branching pattern and combination of asymmetric blunt spindles, abundance of capstans, and a low occurrence of acute spindles are distinct characteristics of the new taxon. The new species is described, illustrated and compared to the other species of the genus reported from Pacific Panama; thus increasing the total of Leptogorgia species to 17, which encompasses over 70% of the shallow water species for the eastern Pacific. C1 [Guzman, Hector M.; Breedy, Odalisca] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Guzman, HM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM guzmanh@si.edu NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 719 EP 722 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001240 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 330MS UT WOS:000257947000009 ER PT J AU Maloney, KO Feminella, JW Mitchell, RM Miller, SA Mulholland, PJ Houser, JN AF Maloney, Kelly O. Feminella, Jack W. Mitchell, Richard M. Miller, Stephanie A. Mulholland, Patrick J. Houser, Jeffrey N. TI Landuse legacies and small streams: identifying relationships between historical land use and contemporary stream conditions SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; water chemistry; coarse woody debris (CWD); particulate organic matter (POM); macroinvertebrates; fish; diatoms; metabolism ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; CATCHMENT DISTURBANCE; HEADWATER STREAMS; UNITED-STATES; SEDIMENT; FOREST; METABOLISM; ECOSYSTEMS; SOIL; RESPIRATION AB The concept of landscape legacies has been examined extensively in terrestrial ecosystems and has led to a greater understanding of contemporary ecosystem processes. However, although stream ecosystems are tightly coupled with their catchments and, thus, probably are affected strongly by historical catchment conditions, few studies have directly examined the importance of landuse legacies on streams. We examined relationships between historical land use (1944) and contemporary (2000-2003) stream physical, chemical, and biological conditions after accounting for the influences of contemporary land use (1999) and natural landscape (catchment size) variation in 12 small streams at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. Most stream variables showed strong relationships with contemporary land use and catchment size; however, after accounting for these factors, residual variation in many variables remained significantly related to historical land use. Residual variation in benthic particulate organic matter, diatom density, % of diatoms in Eunotia spp., fish density in runs, and whole-stream gross primary productivity correlated negatively, whereas streamwater pH correlated positively, with residual variation in fraction of disturbed land in catchments in 1944 (i.e., bare ground and unpaved road cover). Residual variation in % recovering land (i.e., early successional vegetation) in 1944 was correlated positively with residual variation in streambed instability, a macroinvertebrate biotic index, and fish richness, but correlated negatively with residual variation in most benthic macroinvertebrate metrics examined (e.g., Chironomidae and total richness, Shannon diversity). In contrast, residual variation in whole-stream respiration rates was not explained by historical land use. Our results suggest that historical land use continues to influence important physical and chemical variables in these streams, and in turn, probably influences associated biota. Beyond providing insight into biotic interactions and their associations with environmental conditions, identification of landuse legacies also will improve understanding of stream impairment in contemporary minimally disturbed catchments, enabling more accurate assessment of reference conditions in studies of biotic integrity and restoration. C1 [Maloney, Kelly O.; Feminella, Jack W.; Mitchell, Richard M.; Miller, Stephanie A.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mulholland, Patrick J.; Houser, Jeffrey N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maloney, KO (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM maloneyk@si.edu; feminjw@auburn.edu; mitchrm@auburn.edu; mill1571@msu.edu; mulhollandpj@ornl.gov; jhouser@usgs.gov RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012; OI Houser, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3295-3132 NR 67 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 42 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 280 EP 294 DI 10.1899/07-070.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305KV UT WOS:000256178200005 ER PT J AU Piou, C Berger, U Hildenbrandt, H Feller, IC AF Piou, Cyril Berger, Uta Hildenbrandt, Hanno Feller, Ilka C. TI Testing the intermediate disturbance hypothesis in species-poor systems: A simulation experiment for mangrove forests SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE individual-based modeling; interspecific competition; KiWi model; perturbation regime; species dominance; succession ID SECONDARY SUCCESSION; TROPICAL FORESTS; DIVERSITY; HURRICANE; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; TREES; CONSEQUENCES; DETERMINANTS; REGENERATION AB Questions: What factors influence tree species diversity of mangrove forests, an example of species-poor systems? What are the respective importance and interactions of these factors? Is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis applicable to such systems? Methods: We used the spatially explicit individual-based model KiWi to investigate the effects on species diversity of perturbation frequency and intensity, different abiotic conditions, and interspecific competition simulated at the individual level. The simulation system considered the three dominant Caribbean mangrove species: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa, applying species-specific growth and mortality characteristics. Firstly, effects on species dominance of the abiotic conditions nutrient availability and porewater salinity were tested with two competition scenarios. Secondly, the effect of perturbation frequency and intensity were investigated with selected abiotic conditions. Results: Abiotic conditions influenced species dominance and, in extreme cases, excluded one or two species. Abiotic and competition settings controlled the successional dynamics and the response of species dominance to perturbation regimes. A response consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis was observed only with a configuration of plant interaction in which one species behaved as a pioneer so that succession occurred by competitive exclusion. Conclusions: We suggest that successional dynamics interact with the intensity and timing of perturbations and determine whether or not mangrove tree diversity conforms to predictions of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. For mangroves, these successional dynamics are site-specific depending on abiotic conditions and species configurations. C1 [Piou, Cyril; Berger, Uta; Hildenbrandt, Hanno] Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, D-23859 Bremen, Germany. [Feller, Ilka C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Piou, C (reprint author), Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, Fahrenheitstr 6, D-23859 Bremen, Germany. EM cyril.piou@forst.tu-dresden.de; uta.berger@forst.tu-dresden.de; h.hildenbrandt@rug.nl; felleri@si.edu OI Feller, Ilka/0000-0002-6391-1608 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 417 EP U153 DI 10.3170/2008-8-18384 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 291LO UT WOS:000255199100013 ER PT J AU Ross, AH Ubelaker, DH Guillen, S AF Ross, Ann H. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Guillen, Sonia TI Craniometric patterning within ancient Peru SO LATIN AMERICAN ANTIQUITY LA English DT Article ID PREHISTORIC ANDEAN POPULATIONS; SOUTH-AMERICA; GENETIC DRIFT; AZAPA VALLEY; CHILE; MICROEVOLUTION; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; MORPHOLOGY; DIVERSITY AB Numerous studies have used the Howells Peruvian sample from the province of Yauyos as the morphological representative for South America. Although Peru has a rich history of investigations of human skeletal remains, biological distance studies based on craniometrics are limited to nonexistent. This study examines the morphological variation found in Peril using the Howells sample and three additional coastal (Makatampu and Ancon) and highland (Cajamarca) samples. The between-group variation and the degree of among-group differentiation were tested using a canonical discriminant analysis and Mahalanobis D-2, respectively. All groups are significantly different from the Yauyos sample and results indicate a closer morphological affinity between coastal groups and the two highland groups. C1 [Ross, Ann H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ubelaker, Douglas H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Ross, AH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Campus Box 8107, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ann_ross@ncsu.edu OI Ross, Ann/0000-0001-8780-1414 NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC AMER ARCHAEOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 900 SECOND ST., NE STE 12, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-3557 USA SN 1045-6635 J9 LAT AM ANTIQ JI Lat. Am. Antiq. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 PG 9 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 323DJ UT WOS:000257423900004 ER PT J AU Rodenhouse, NL Matthews, SN McFarland, KP Lambert, JD Iverson, LR Prasad, A Sillett, TS Holmes, RT AF Rodenhouse, N. L. Matthews, S. N. McFarland, K. P. Lambert, J. D. Iverson, L. R. Prasad, A. Sillett, T. S. Holmes, R. T. TI Potential effects of climate change on birds of the Northeast SO MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR GLOBAL CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Bicknell's thrush; Catharus bicknelli; Bird species modeling; Climate change; Black-throated blue warbler; Dendroica caerulescens; Habitat; High elevation; Northeast; Northern hardwoods; Spruce-fir; Random forests AB We used three approaches to assess potential effects of climate change on birds of the Northeast. First, we created distribution and abundance models for common bird species using climate, elevation, and tree species variables and modeled how bird distributions might change as habitats shift. Second, we assessed potential effects on high-elevation birds, especially Bicknell's thrush (Catharus bicknelli), that may be particularly vulnerable to climate change, by using statistical associations between climate, spruce-fir forest vegetation and bird survey data. Last, we complemented these projections with an assessment of how habitat quality of a migratory songbird, the black-throated blue warbler (Dendroica caerulescens) might be affected by climate change. Large changes in bird communities of the Northeast are likely to result from climate change, and these changes will be most dramatic under a scenario of continued high emissions. Indeed, high-elevation bird species may currently be at the threshold of critical change with as little as 1 degrees C warming reducing suitable habitat by more than half. Species at mid elevations are likely to experience declines in habitat quality that could affect demography. Although not all species will be affected adversely, some of the Northeast's iconic species, such as common loon and black-capped chickadee, and some of its most abundant species, including several neotropical migrants, are projected to decline significantly in abundance under all climate change scenarios. No clear mitigation strategies are apparent, as shifts in species' abundances and ranges will occur across all habitat types and for species with widely differing ecologies. C1 [Rodenhouse, N. L.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Matthews, S. N.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McFarland, K. P.; Lambert, J. D.] Vermont Inst Nat Sci, Conservat Biol Dept, Quechee, VT USA. [Matthews, S. N.; Iverson, L. R.; Prasad, A.] US Forest Serv, Delaware, OH USA. [Sillett, T. S.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Holmes, R. T.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Rodenhouse, NL (reprint author), Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, 106 Cent St, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. EM nrodenho@wellesley.edu RI Matthews, Stephen/D-1050-2012; Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X FU Wellesley College; US National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; Vermont Institute of Natural Science; Thomas Marshall Foundation; Upper Valley Community Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Division; US Forest Service FX This work was supported by grants from Wellesley College, the US National Science Foundation to Wellesley College and Dartmouth College, the Smithsonian Institution, the Trustees and members of the Vermont Institute of Natural Science, the Thomas Marshall Foundation, Stone House Farm Fund of the Upper Valley Community Foundation, the US Fish and Wildlife Service Migratory Bird Division, and the Northern Global Change Program of the US Forest Service. We are indebted to our wonderful colleague, the late Raymond O'Connor, for all his early work in spatial assessments of bird distributions. NR 74 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 8 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-2386 J9 MITIG ADAPT STRAT GL JI Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 517 EP 540 DI 10.1007/s11027-007-9126-1 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V17XM UT WOS:000207969900007 ER PT J AU Archie, EA Maldonado, JE Hollister-Smith, JA Poole, JH Moss, CJ Fleischer, RC Alberts, SC AF Archie, Elizabeth A. Maldonado, Jesus E. Hollister-Smith, Julie A. Poole, Joyce H. Moss, Cynthia J. Fleischer, Robert C. Alberts, Susan C. TI Fine-scale population genetic structure in a fission-fusion society SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African elephant; dispersal; kinship; mating behaviour; microsatellites; population genetic structure ID ELEPHANTS LOXODONTA-AFRICANA; TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; NATIONAL-PARK; SOCIAL-ORGANIZATION; CERCOPITHECUS-AETHIOPS; INBREEDING AVOIDANCE; FEMALE PHILOPATRY; BREEDING GROUPS; VERVET MONKEYS; MATING SYSTEM AB Nonrandom patterns of mating and dispersal create fine-scale genetic structure in natural populations - especially of social mammals - with important evolutionary and conservation genetic consequences. Such structure is well-characterized for typical mammalian societies; that is, societies where social group composition is stable, dispersal is male-biased, and males form permanent breeding associations in just one or a few social groups over the course of their lives. However, genetic structure is not well understood for social mammals that differ from this pattern, including elephants. In elephant societies, social groups fission and fuse, and males never form permanent breeding associations with female groups. Here, we combine 33 years of behavioural observations with genetic information for 545 African elephants (Loxodonta africana), to investigate how mating and dispersal behaviours structure genetic variation between social groups and across age classes. We found that, like most social mammals, female matrilocality in elephants creates co-ancestry within core social groups and significant genetic differentiation between groups ((Phi(ST) = 0.058). However, unlike typical social mammals, male elephants do not bias reproduction towards a limited subset of social groups, and instead breed randomly across the population. As a result, reproductively dominant males mediate gene flow between core groups, which creates cohorts of similar-aged paternal relatives across the population. Because poaching tends to eliminate the oldest elephants from populations, illegal hunting and poaching are likely to erode fine-scale genetic structure. We discuss our results and their evolutionary and conservation genetic implications in the context of other social mammals. C1 [Archie, Elizabeth A.; Maldonado, Jesus E.; Fleischer, Robert C.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, NZP NMNH, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Hollister-Smith, Julie A.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97239 USA. [Poole, Joyce H.; Moss, Cynthia J.] Amboseli Trust Elephants, Nairobi 00509, Kenya. [Alberts, Susan C.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Archie, EA (reprint author), Smithsonian Genet Program, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM archiee@si.edu NR 97 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 35 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2666 EP 2679 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03797.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 313RN UT WOS:000256757800010 PM 18466226 ER PT J AU Duda, TF Remigio, EA AF Duda, T. F., Jr. Remigio, E. A. TI Variation and evolution of toxin gene expression patterns of six closely related venomous marine snails SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conus; coordinated expression; four-loop conotoxins; gene family evolution; O-superfamily; resurrected loci ID MULTIGENE FAMILIES; RAPID EVOLUTION; CONE SNAILS; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; ECOLOGY; PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2; DIVERSIFICATION; CONOPEPTIDES; CARDIOTOXIN AB Venoms of predatory marine gastropods of the genus Conus show amazing levels of interspecific diversity and are comprised of a cocktail of peptide neurotoxins, termed conotoxins, that are encoded by large gene families. Conotoxin gene family evolution is characterized by gene duplications and high rates of nonsynonymous substitution among paralogues; yet, what controls the differentiation of venoms among species is not clear. We compared four-loop conotoxin transcripts of six closely related Conus species to examine conotoxin expression patterns among species. The species examined appear to express different numbers of four-loop conotoxin loci and similarity in expression patterns does not seem to correspond with phylogenetic affinity. Moreover, several loci appear to have been independently silenced while others appear to have been revived from previously silenced states. Some loci also appear to exhibit coordinated expression patterns. These results suggest that the evolution of conotoxin expression patterns is incredibly dynamic and the differentiation of venoms of Conus is controlled in part by the evolution of unique conotoxin expression patterns. C1 [Duda, T. F., Jr.; Remigio, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, T. F., Jr.; Remigio, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duda, T. F., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. RP Duda, TF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM tfduda@umich.edu NR 46 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3018 EP 3032 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03804.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 309XY UT WOS:000256494700019 PM 18489546 ER PT J AU Wang, IJ Crawford, AJ Bermingham, E AF Wang, Ian J. Crawford, Andrew J. Bermingham, Eldredge TI Phylogeography of the Pygmy Rain Frog (Pristimantis ridens) across the lowland wet forests of isthmian Central America SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Central America; dispersal; mitochondrial DNA; Golfo Dulce; phylogeography; SOWH test; eleutherodactyline; Cruentus group; range expansion ID FRESH-WATER FISHES; ESTIMATING DIVERGENCE TIMES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; SEQUENCE EVOLUTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; SPECIES GROUP; SEA-URCHINS; PANAMA AB We used a phylogeographic approach to elucidate the evolutionary history of a lineage of frogs, known as Pristimantis (formerly Eleutherodactylus) ridens (Anura: Brachycephalidae), restricted to the wet forests occurring along the Caribbean versant of isthmian Central America as well as the disjunct wet forest on the Pacific slope of Costa Rica. We placed our phylogeographic study of P. ridens within a larger molecular phylogenetic analysis of Central American Pristimantis. All phylogenetic inferences were based on a 1455 base pair fragment of mitochondrial DNA, containing the complete ND2 gene and five flanking tRNA genes. Our reconstruction of the intraspecific phylogeny of P. ridens yielded a basal trichotomy dating to an estimated 12+ million years ago (Ma), consisting of central Panama, western Panama, and Costa Rica plus Honduras. Thus, the presence of P. ridens appears to predate the completion of the Isthmus 3.1 Ma. Using a parametric bootstrap (SOWH) test, we evaluated four a priori zoogeographic hypotheses for the origin and spread of P. ridens. This analysis suggested that the P. ridens populations on the Caribbean versant of Costa Rica were established by Pacific versant ancestors only recently, in contrast to the very old lineages found in Panama. Our results support a model of Miocene colonization, long-term geographic stasis, followed by rapid dispersal across the Caribbean lowlands during the Pliocene or Pleistocene. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Ian J.; Crawford, Andrew J.; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Crawford, AJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM andrew@dna.ac RI Wang, Ian/G-3260-2010; OI Wang, Ian/0000-0003-2554-9414; Crawford, Andrew J./0000-0003-3153-6898 NR 108 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 992 EP 1004 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.021 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 318YO UT WOS:000257128900010 PM 18424088 ER PT J AU Munoz, JA Loeb, A AF Munoz, Joseph A. Loeb, Abraham TI Light-cone distortion of the clustering and abundance of massive galaxies at high redshifts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; cosmology : theory ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER HALOES; 2-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY; REIONIZATION; EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; DENSITY; MODEL; BIAS AB Observational surveys of galaxies are not trivially related to single-epoch snapshots from computer simulations. Observationally, an increase in the distance along the line of sight corresponds to an earlier cosmic time at which the properties of the surveyed galaxy population may change. The effect of observing a survey volume along the light cone must be considered in the regime where the mass function of galaxies varies exponentially with redshift. This occurs when the haloes under consideration are rare, that is either when they are very massive or observed at high redshift. While the effect of the light cone is negligible for narrow-band surveys of Ly alpha emitters, it can be significant for dropout surveys of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) where the selection functions of the photometric bands are broad. Since there are exponentially more haloes at the low-redshift end of the survey, the low-redshift tail of the selection function contains a disproportionate fraction of the galaxies observed in the survey. This leads to a redshift probability distribution for the dropout LBGs with a mean less than that of the photometric selection function (PHSF) by an amount of order the standard deviation of the PHSF. The inferred mass function of galaxies is then shallower than the true mass function at a single redshift with the abundance at the high-mass end being twice or more as large as expected. Moreover, the statistical moments of the count of galaxies calculated ignoring the light-cone effect deviate from the actual values. C1 [Munoz, Joseph A.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Munoz, JA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jamunoz@cfa.harvard.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Munoz, Joseph/A-3336-2013 OI Munoz, Joseph/0000-0003-1588-1296 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUN 1 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 4 BP 2323 EP 2329 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13210.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 302BR UT WOS:000255944100056 ER PT J AU Ehlmann, BL Mustard, JF Fassett, CI Schon, SC Head, JW Marais, DJD Grant, JA Murchie, SL AF Ehlmann, Bethany L. Mustard, John F. Fassett, Caleb I. Schon, Samuel C. Head, James W., III Marais, David J. Des Grant, John A. Murchie, Scott L. TI Clay minerals in delta deposits and organic preservation potential on Mars SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OLIVINE; MONTMORILLONITE; PHYLLOSILICATES; DIVERSITY; LIFE AB Clay-rich sedimentary deposits are often sites of organic matter preservation(1,2), and have therefore been sought in Mars exploration(3). However, regional deposits of hydrous minerals, including phyllosilicates and sulphates(4,5), are not typically associated with valley networks and layered sediments that provide geomorphic evidence of surface water transport on early Mars(6-8). The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)(9) has recently identified phyllosilicates(10) within three lake basins with fans or deltas that indicate sustained sediment deposition: Eberswalde crater(7,11,12), Holden crater(12,13) and Jezero crater(14). Here we use high-resolution data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to identify clay-rich fluvial-lacustrine sediments within Jezero crater, which has a diameter of 45 km. The crater is an open lake basin on Mars with sedimentary deposits of hydrous minerals sourced from a smectite-rich catchment in the Nili Fossae region. We find that the two deltas and the lowest observed stratigraphic layer within the crater host iron-magnesium smectite clay. Jezero crater holds sediments that record multiple episodes of aqueous activity on early Mars. We suggest that this depositional setting and the smectite mineralogy make these deltaic deposits well suited for the sequestration and preservation of organic material. C1 [Ehlmann, Bethany L.; Mustard, John F.; Fassett, Caleb I.; Schon, Samuel C.; Head, James W., III] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Marais, David J. Des] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Grant, John A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Murchie, Scott L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Ehlmann, BL (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM bethany_ehlmann@brown.edu RI Murchie, Scott/E-8030-2015; OI Murchie, Scott/0000-0002-1616-8751; Fassett, Caleb/0000-0001-9155-3804 NR 30 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 10 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 1 IS 6 BP 355 EP 358 DI 10.1038/ngeo207 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309BC UT WOS:000256433700010 ER PT J AU Withuhn, WL AF Withuhn, William L. TI Rails to Paradise The History of the Tacoma Eastern Railroad, 1890-1919 SO PACIFIC NORTHWEST QUARTERLY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Withuhn, William L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Withuhn, WL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PI SEATTLE PA 4045 BROOKLYN AVENUE NE, SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA SN 0030-8803 J9 PAC NORTHWEST QUART JI Pac. Northwest Q. PD SUM PY 2008 VL 99 IS 3 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 390DY UT WOS:000262145700019 ER PT J AU Hunt, G AF Hunt, Gene TI Gradual or pulsed evolution: when should punctuational explanations be preferred? SO PALEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; FOSSIL RECORD; RANDOM-WALKS; STABILIZING SELECTION; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; MODEL SELECTION; STRATIGRAPHY; PATTERNS; STASIS; TEMPO AB The problem of gradual versus punctuated change within phyletic lineages can be understood in terms of the homogeneity of evolutionary dynamics. Hypotheses of punctuated change imply that the rules governing evolutionary change shift over time such that the normal dynamics of stasis are temporarily suspended, permitting a period of net evolutionary change. Such explanations are members of a larger class of models in which evolutionary dynamics are in some way heterogeneous over time. In this paper, I develop a likelihood-based statistical framework to evaluate the support for this kind of evolutionary model. This approach divides evolutionary sequences into nonoverlapping segments, each of which is fit to a separate evolutionary model. Models with heterogeneous dynamics are generally more complex-they require more parameters to specify-than uniform evolutionary models such as random walks and stasis. The Akaike Information Criterion can be used to judge whether the greater complexity of punctuational models is offset by a sufficient gain in log-likelihood for these models to be preferred. I use this approach to analyze three case studies for which punctuational explanations have been proposed. In the first, a model of punctuated evolution best accounted for changes in pygidial morphology within a lineage of the trilobite Flexicalymene, but the uniform model of an unbiased random walk remains a plausible alternative. Body size evolution in the radiolarian Pseudocubus vema was neither purely gradual nor completely pulsed. Instead, the best-supported explanation posited a single, pulsed increase, followed later by a shift to an unbiased random walk. Finally, for the much-analyzed claim of "punctuated gradualism" in the foraminifera Globorotalia, the best-supported model implied two periods of stasis separated by a period of elevated but not inherently directional evolution. Although the conclusions supported by these analyses generally refined rather than overturned previous views, the present approach differs from those prior in that all competing interpretations were formalized into explicit statistical models, allowing their relative support to be unambiguously compared. C1 NHB, Natl Museum Nat Hist Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Hunt, G (reprint author), NHB, Natl Museum Nat Hist Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hunte@si.edu RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020 NR 49 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0094-8373 J9 PALEOBIOLOGY JI Paleobiology PD SUM PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 360 EP 377 DI 10.1666/07073.1 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Paleontology GA 334HH UT WOS:000258212400004 ER PT J AU Barrantes, G Eberhard, WG Weng, JL AF Barrantes, Gilbert Eberhard, William G. Weng, Ju-Lin TI Seasonal patterns of parasitism of the tropical spiders Theridion evexum (Araneae, Theridiidae) and Allocyclosa bifurca (Araneae, Araneidae) by the wasps Zatypota petronae and Polysphincta gutfreundi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE parasitism rate; parasitoids; koinobiont wasps; Theridiidae; Araneidae; ichneumonidae AB The rates of parasitism of Theridion evexum by the parasitoid wasp Zatypota petronae, and Allocyclosa bifurca by Polysphincta gutfreundi, were followed for two years. Parasitism of T evexum was very low (mean 1.39 +/- 1.8%), and restricted to nearly seven months of the year. Parasitism of A. bifurca was higher (mean 7.8 +/- 7.6%), and did not show a seasonal pattern. Reproduction of the host spider T evexum was highly seasonal, with only one, highly coordinated generation per year, while adults of A. bifurca were present year round. Short-term autocorrelation on parasitism rates over time at different sites suggest that P. gutfreundi tend to return to the same sites to hunt hosts over periods of a few weeks. C1 [Barrantes, Gilbert; Eberhard, William G.; Weng, Ju-Lin] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, William G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Weng, Ju-Lin] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Barrantes, G (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM gilbert.barrantes@gmail.com NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 749 EP 754 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 354DI UT WOS:000259618700026 PM 19256441 ER PT J AU Mares, R Moreno, RS Kays, RW Wikelski, M AF Mares, Rafael Moreno, Ricardo S. Kays, Roland W. Wikelski, Martin TI Predispersal home range shift of an ocelot Leopardus pardalis (Carnivora : Felidae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE predispersal; subadult; ocelot; Leopardus pardalis; home range shift; automated radio telemetry ID DISPERSAL; POPULATION; STRATEGIES; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; MAMMALS; BIRDS AB Home range shifts prior to natal dispersal have been rarely documented, yet the events that lead a subadult to abandon a portion of its home range and venture into unfamiliar territories, before eventually setting off to look for a site to reproduce, are probably related to the causes of dispersal itself Here, we used a combination of manual radio-tracking and an Automated Radio Telemetry System to continuously study the movements of a subadult male ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), a solitary carnivore with sex-biased dispersal, on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, for 18 months from May 2003 through October 2004. The subadult ocelot's parents were also radio-tracked to record possible parent-offspring interactions within their home ranges. At the age of ca. 21 months the subadult gradually began to shift its natal home range, establishing a new one used until the end of the study, in an area that had previously been used by another dispersing subadult male. Only three parent-offspring interactions were recorded during the four months around the time the range-shift occurred. The apparent peaceful nature of these encounters, along with the slow transition out of a portion of his natal home range, suggest the subadult was not evicted from his natal area by his parents. The timing of the shift, along with the subadult's increase in weight into the weight range of adult ocelots four months after establishing the new territory, suggests that predispersal home range shifts could act as a low risk and opportunistic strategy for reaching adult size, while minimizing competition with parents and siblings, in preparation for an eventual dispersal into a new breeding territory. C1 [Mares, Rafael] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Moreno, Ricardo S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Kays, Roland W.] New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. [Wikelski, Martin] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wikelski, Martin] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Dept Migrat & Immunoecol, D-78315 Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. RP Mares, R (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. EM crm53@cam.ac.uk; MorenoRS@si.edu; rkays@mail.nysed.gov; wikelski@princeton.edu FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); Peninsula Foundation; National Geographic Society; National Science Foundation; Frank Levinson Family Foundation FX We especially thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) for their financial and logistic support of the project. This project was also funded by the Peninsula Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the National Science Foundation and the Frank Levinson Family Foundation. Many thanks to, in no particular order, M. Klink, F. Kummeth, P. Flores, I. Couzin, J. Mandel, D. Obando, K. Sallee, and C. Fiorello for providing technical assistance and making it all work. The research presented here followed STRI's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines and was permitted under Princeton University's IACUC protocol #1440. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 779 EP 787 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 354DI UT WOS:000259618700028 PM 19256443 ER PT J AU Savage, JM Lips, KR Roberto, ID AF Savage, Jay M. Lips, Karen R. Roberto, Ibanez D. TI A new species of Celestus from west-central Panama, with consideration of the status of the genera of the Anguidae: Diploglossinae (Squamata) SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Anguids; Squamata; Anguidae; Caribbean; Central America; new species; Panama ID LIZARD; BIOGEOGRAPHY; MEXICO AB A recently discovered new species of diploglossine lizard is described from west-central Panama. The distinctiveness of the nominal genera Celestus and Diploglossus is confirmed; the new form represents the southernmost record for the genus Celestus. A summary of selected characteristics and general distribution is presented for all recent species of diploglossines, including members of the Antillean genera Saurisia and Wetmorea and the South American genus Ophiodes. A systematic key to mainland members of the genus Celestus is provided. C1 [Savage, Jay M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lips, Karen R.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Lips, Karen R.; Roberto, Ibanez D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Roberto, Ibanez D.] Univ Panama, Dept Zool, Panama City, Panama. RP Savage, JM (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM savy1@cox.net; klips@zoology.siu.edu; ibanezr@si.edu OI Lips, Karen/0000-0002-2719-1551 FU NSF [DEB 0213851, 0234386] FX KRL thanks the personnel of ANAM, and Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos for permission to work in the reserve, and to the Visitors Service Office of STRI for help in obtaining collection permits to study in the area. Funding was provided to KRL by NSF (DEB 0213851, 0234386). K.R. Beaman, R.W. McDiarmid, and J. Rosado made specimens under their care available for study. Cathy Gibbs Thomton prepared Fig. 1, K. Lovich prepared Fig. 2, and T. Castoe provided the photograph of Celestus orobius. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 845 EP 859 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 354DI UT WOS:000259618700033 PM 19256448 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI From the castle - What a year! SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JUN PY 2008 VL 39 IS 3 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 303GB UT WOS:000256027900014 ER PT J AU Kano, R Sakao, T Hara, H Tsuneta, S Matsuzaki, K Kumagai, K Shimojo, M Minesugi, K Shibasaki, K DeLuca, EE Golub, L Bookbinder, J Caldwell, D Cheimets, P Cirtain, J Dennis, E Kent, T Weber, M AF Kano, R. Sakao, T. Hara, H. Tsuneta, S. Matsuzaki, K. Kumagai, K. Shimojo, M. Minesugi, K. Shibasaki, K. DeLuca, E. E. Golub, L. Bookbinder, J. Caldwell, D. Cheimets, P. Cirtain, J. Dennis, E. Kent, T. Weber, M. TI The Hinode X-ray Telescope (XRT): Camera design, performance and operations SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : X-rays ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; TRANSITION REGION; CORONAL EXPLORER; MISSION; VIEW AB The X-ray Telescope (XRT) aboard the Hinode satellite is a grazing incidence X-ray imager equipped with a 2048x2048 CCD. The XRT has 1 arcsec pixels with a wide field of view of 34x34 arcmin. It is sensitive to plasmas with a wide temperature range from < 1 to 30 MK, allowing us to obtain TRACE-like low-temperature images as well as Yohkoh/SXT-like high-temperature images. The spacecraft Mission Data Processor (MDP) controls the XRT through sequence tables with versatile autonomous functions such as exposure control, region-of-interest tracking, flare detection, and flare location identification. Data are compressed either with DPCM or JPEG, depending on the purpose. This results in higher cadence and/or wider field of view for a given telemetry bandwidth. With a focus adjust mechanism, a higher resolution of Gaussian focus may be available on-axis. This paper follows the first instrument paper for the XRT (Golub et al., Solar Phys. 243, 63, 2007) and discusses the design and measured performance of the X-ray CCD camera for the XRT and its control system with the MDP. C1 [Kano, R.; Hara, H.; Tsuneta, S.; Kumagai, K.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Sakao, T.; Matsuzaki, K.; Minesugi, K.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Shimojo, M.; Shibasaki, K.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Nobeyama Solar Radio Observ, Nobeyama, Nagano 3841305, Japan. [DeLuca, E. E.; Golub, L.; Bookbinder, J.; Caldwell, D.; Cheimets, P.; Cirtain, J.; Dennis, E.; Kent, T.; Weber, M.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kano, R (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. EM ryouhei.kano@nao.ac.jp RI DeLuca, Edward/L-7534-2013; Shimojo, Masumi/J-2605-2016; OI DeLuca, Edward/0000-0001-7416-2895; Shimojo, Masumi/0000-0002-2350-3749; Golub, Leon/0000-0001-9638-3082 NR 15 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 249 IS 2 BP 263 EP 279 DI 10.1007/s11207-007-9058-7 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 304AV UT WOS:000256083300006 ER PT J AU Delagrange, S Potvin, C Messier, C Coll, L AF Delagrange, Sylvain Potvin, Catherine Messier, Christian Coll, Lluis TI Linking multiple-level tree traits with biomass accumulation in native tree species used for reforestation in Panama SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE biomass partitioning; crown morphology; functional groups; nitrogen use efficiency; water use efficiency ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; BELOW-GROUND COMPETITION; NUTRIENT-USE EFFICIENCY; TROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; PLANT PERFORMANCE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS AB To improve establishment yield and carbon accumulation during reforestation, analyses of species adaptations to local environments are needed. Here we measured, at the individual scale, links between biomass accumulation and multiple-level tree traits: biomass partitioning, crown morphology and leaf physiology. The study was carried out on one- and three-year-old individuals of five tropical tree species assigned to pioneer (P) or non-pioneer (NP) functional groups. Among the species, Cedrela odorata, Luehea seemannii and Hura crepitans showed the greatest biomass accumulation. On our seasonally dry site, species performance during the first year was dependent on a greater investment in above-ground foraging, while performance after three years was mainly related to water relations. However, large biomass accumulations were not simply associated with an efficient water use but also with contrasting water uses, based on inter-specific relationships. Generally, greater carbon isotope discrimination (Delta(leaf)) was related to greater allocation to roots. Species with high Delta(leaf) generally showed high leaf potential nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), suggesting that lower water use efficiency (WUE) increases the efficiency of photosynthetically active N. Also, PNUE was negatively correlated to leaf mass per area (LMA), implying that photosynthetically active N is diluted as total leaf mass increases. Finally, no distinction in measured traits, including biomass accumulation, was observed between the two functional groups. C1 [Delagrange, Sylvain; Messier, Christian; Coll, Lluis] Univ Quebec, CFR, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Delagrange, S (reprint author), Inst Quebecois Amenagement Foret Feuillue, 58 Rue Principale, Ripon, PQ J0V 1V0, Canada. EM sdelagrange@iqaff.qc.ca RI Coll, Lluis/E-8724-2015 OI Coll, Lluis/0000-0002-8035-5949 NR 68 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 337 EP 349 DI 10.1007/s00468-007-0189-0 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 297QA UT WOS:000255630000007 ER PT J AU Olson, SL Suarez, W AF Olson, Storrs L. Suarez, William TI Bare-throated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma mexicanum) from the Pleistocene of Cuba: a new subfamily for the West Indies SO WATERBIRDS LA English DT Article DE Tigrisoma mexicanum; Bare-throated Tiger-Heron; Tigrisomatidae; extinction; fossil; Cuba; Pleistocene ID DEPOSITS AB A complete tarsometatarsus from a small Pleistocene sinkhole in northwest central Cuba is identified as that of a Bare-throated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma mexicanum. This constitutes the first record of any kind of tiger-heron (subfamily Tigrisomatinae) in the West Indies. The extinction of the species ill Cuba is perhaps attributable to habitat loss due to climatic change. C1 [Olson, Storrs L.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Suarez, William] Museo Nacl Hist Nat, Dept Paleogeog & Paleobiol, Havana 10100, CH, Cuba. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WATERBIRD SOC PI WASHINGTON PA NATL MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 1524-4695 J9 WATERBIRDS JI Waterbirds PD JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 285 EP 288 DI 10.1675/1524-4695(2008)31[285:BTTMFT]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 338CF UT WOS:000258481800014 ER PT J AU Phillips, RJ Zuber, MT Smrekar, SE Mellon, MT Head, JW Tanaka, KL Putzig, NE Milkovich, SM Campbell, BA Plaut, JJ Safaeinili, A Seu, R Biccari, D Carter, LM Picardi, G Orosei, R Mohit, PS Heggy, E Zurek, RW Egan, AF Giacomoni, E Russo, F Cutigni, M Pettinelli, E Holt, JW Leuschen, CJ Marinangeli, L AF Phillips, Roger J. Zuber, Maria T. Smrekar, Suzanne E. Mellon, Michael T. Head, James W. Tanaka, Kenneth L. Putzig, Nathaniel E. Milkovich, Sarah M. Campbell, Bruce A. Plaut, Jeffrey J. Safaeinili, Ali Seu, Roberto Biccari, Daniela Carter, Lynn M. Picardi, Giovanni Orosei, Roberto Mohit, P. Surdas Heggy, Essam Zurek, Richard W. Egan, Anthony F. Giacomoni, Emanuele Russo, Federica Cutigni, Marco Pettinelli, Elena Holt, John W. Leuschen, Carl J. Marinangeli, Lucia TI Mars north polar deposits: Stratigraphy, age, and geodynamical response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LAYERED DEPOSITS; EVOLUTION; REGION; CAP; SUBSURFACE; RHEOLOGY; HISTORY; CRUSTAL; MANTLE AB The Shallow Radar ( SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has imaged the internal stratigraphy of the north polar layered deposits of Mars. Radar reflections within the deposits reveal a laterally continuous deposition of layers, which typically consist of four packets of finely spaced reflectors separated by homogeneous interpacket regions of nearly pure ice. The packet/ interpacket structure can be explained by approximately million- year periodicities in Mars' obliquity or orbital eccentricity. The observed similar to 100- meter maximum deflection of the underlying substrate in response to the ice load implies that the present- day thickness of an equilibrium elastic lithosphere is greater than 300 kilometers. Alternatively, the response to the load may be in a transient state controlled by mantle viscosity. Both scenarios probably require that Mars has a subchondritic abundance of heat- producing elements. C1 [Phillips, Roger J.; Putzig, Nathaniel E.; Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Zuber, Maria T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Milkovich, Sarah M.; Plaut, Jeffrey J.; Safaeinili, Ali; Zurek, Richard W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mellon, Michael T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Head, James W.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Tanaka, Kenneth L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Campbell, Bruce A.; Carter, Lynn M.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Seu, Roberto; Biccari, Daniela; Picardi, Giovanni; Giacomoni, Emanuele; Russo, Federica; Cutigni, Marco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento InfoCom, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Orosei, Roberto] Ist Nazl Astrofis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Mohit, P. Surdas] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mohit, P. Surdas] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Heggy, Essam] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Heggy, Essam] Inst Phys Globe, Paris, France. [Pettinelli, Elena] Univ Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Holt, John W.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Leuschen, Carl J.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Marinangeli, Lucia] Univ Annunzio, I-65127 Pescara, Italy. RP Phillips, RJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM roger@boulder.swri.edu RI Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012; Heggy, Essam/E-8250-2013; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; OI Heggy, Essam/0000-0001-7476-2735; PETTINELLI, Elena/0000-0002-7066-6516 NR 34 TC 140 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 30 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5880 BP 1182 EP 1185 DI 10.1126/science.1157546 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 306FF UT WOS:000256233000029 PM 18483402 ER PT J AU McSween, HY Ruff, SW Morris, RV Gellert, R Klingelhofer, G Christensen, PR Mccoy, TJ Ghosh, A Moersch, JM Cohen, BA Rogers, AD Schroder, C Squyres, SW Crisp, J Yen, A AF McSween, H. Y. Ruff, S. W. Morris, R. V. Gellert, R. Klingelhoefer, G. Christensen, P. R. McCoy, T. J. Ghosh, A. Moersch, J. M. Cohen, B. A. Rogers, A. D. Schroeder, C. Squyres, S. W. Crisp, J. Yen, A. TI Mineralogy of volcanic rocks in Gusev Crater, Mars: Reconciling Mossbauer, Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer, and Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer spectra SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SPIRIT ROVER; SURFACE; PATHFINDER; CHEMISTRY; ORIGIN; DUST; SITE AB Complete sets of mineral abundances for relatively unaltered volcanic or volcaniclastic rocks in Gusev Crater have been determined by modeling Mossbauer subspectral areas as mineral weight percentages, and combining those percentages with the proportions of iron-free minerals not detected by Mossbauer (normative plagioclase, apatite, and chromite, as calculated from Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) chemical analyses). Comparisons of synthetic thermal emission spectra calculated for these mineral modes with measured Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra for the same rock classes show either good agreements or discrepancies that we attribute to sodic plagioclase compositions or unmodeled sulfate, glass, or pigeonite. The normative compositions of olivine, pyroxene, and feldspar calculated from APXS data are consistent with spectroscopic constraints on mineral compositions. Systematic variations between olivine abundances in APXS norms ( which sample tens of micrometers depth) and olivine proportions measured by Mossbauer ( which sample hundreds of micrometers depth) support the hypothesis that dissolution of olivine by acidic fluids has occurred on weathered rock surfaces. C1 [McSween, H. Y.; Ghosh, A.; Moersch, J. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ruff, S. W.; Christensen, P. R.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Cohen, B. A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Crisp, J.; Yen, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Klingelhoefer, G.; Schroeder, C.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [McCoy, T. J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Rogers, A. D.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McSween, HY (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 306 Geol Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mcsween@utk.edu RI Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Moersch, Jeffrey/F-7189-2010; Crisp, Joy/H-8287-2016; Rogers, Deanne/I-9737-2016 OI Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; Crisp, Joy/0000-0002-3202-4416; Rogers, Deanne/0000-0002-4671-2551 NR 37 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAY 29 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S04 DI 10.1029/2007JE002970 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 308AO UT WOS:000256360900001 ER PT J AU Pickett, HM Drouin, BJ Canty, T Salawitch, RJ Fuller, RA Perun, VS Livesey, NJ Waters, JW Stachnik, RA Sander, SP Traub, WA Jucks, KW Minschwaner, K AF Pickett, H. M. Drouin, B. J. Canty, T. Salawitch, R. J. Fuller, R. A. Perun, V. S. Livesey, N. J. Waters, J. W. Stachnik, R. A. Sander, S. P. Traub, W. A. Jucks, K. W. Minschwaner, K. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder OH and HO2 measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EOS MLS; SATELLITE; RADICALS; OZONE; H2O; O-3 AB The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on the Aura satellite obtains global measurements of both OH and HO2 radicals. This paper describes the precision and systematic errors of the MLS version v2.2 of the retrieval software. Estimated systematic errors are less than 8% for OH over 32-0.003 hPa and HO2 over 6.8-0.21 hPa. Comparison of measurements from MLS OH and HO2 profiles and three balloon-based instruments show good agreement among themselves and with a photochemical model using standard chemistry (i.e., recommended rate constants). Similarly, good agreement is seen between column OH found by integrating satellite profiles and ground-based measurements of column OH. The agreement between measured and modeled OH and HO2 is improved following perturbations to the rate constants O+OH and OH+HO2 that are within the recommended uncertainties. Measurements of OH obtained a decade ago by the Middle Atmosphere High-Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) are smaller than MLS measurements by 20% at 70 km, are similar to MLS data near 50 km, and are 50% larger than MLS observations near 42 km. The MLS and MAHRSI measurements of OH overlap at the limit of their respective 2-sigma uncertainties. Most importantly, we find the shape of the OH profile measured by MLS is simulated well using standard chemistry. C1 [Pickett, H. M.; Drouin, B. J.; Canty, T.; Salawitch, R. J.; Fuller, R. A.; Perun, V. S.; Livesey, N. J.; Waters, J. W.; Stachnik, R. A.; Sander, S. P.; Traub, W. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Minschwaner, K.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Pickett, HM (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM herbert.m.pickett@jpl.nasa.gov RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Canty, Timothy/F-2631-2010 OI Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Canty, Timothy/0000-0003-0618-056X NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 24 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16S30 DI 10.1029/2007JD008775 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304WG UT WOS:000256139200001 ER PT J AU Squyres, SW Arvidson, RE Ruff, S Gellert, R Morris, RV Ming, DW Crumpler, L Farmer, JD Des Marais, DJ Yen, A McLennan, SM Calvin, W Bell, JF Clark, BC Wang, A Mccoy, TJ Schmidt, ME de Souza, PA AF Squyres, S. W. Arvidson, R. E. Ruff, S. Gellert, R. Morris, R. V. Ming, D. W. Crumpler, L. Farmer, J. D. Des Marais, D. J. Yen, A. McLennan, S. M. Calvin, W. Bell, J. F., III Clark, B. C. Wang, A. McCoy, T. J. Schmidt, M. E. de Souza, P. A., Jr. TI Detection of silica-rich deposits on Mars SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; GUSEV CRATER; HOT-SPRINGS; NEW-ZEALAND; PRECIPITATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MINERALOGY; POWDERS; TES AB Mineral deposits on the martian surface can elucidate ancient environmental conditions on the planet. Opaline silica deposits ( as much as 91 weight percent SiO2) have been found in association with volcanic materials by the Mars rover Spirit. The deposits are present both as light- toned soils and as bedrock. We interpret these materials to have formed under hydrothermal conditions and therefore to be strong indicators of a former aqueous environment. This discovery is important for understanding the past habitability of Mars because hydrothermal environments on Earth support thriving microbial ecosystems. C1 [Squyres, S. W.; Bell, J. F., III] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arvidson, R. E.; Wang, A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Ruff, S.; Farmer, J. D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Morris, R. V.; Ming, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Crumpler, L.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Des Marais, D. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Yen, A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [McLennan, S. M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Calvin, W.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Clark, B. C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO 80127 USA. [McCoy, T. J.; Schmidt, M. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] CSIRO, Tasmanian Informat & Commun Technol Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. RP Squyres, SW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Space Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM squyres@astro.cornell.edu RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; NR 34 TC 169 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 37 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 23 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5879 BP 1063 EP 1067 DI 10.1126/science.1155429 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 303RY UT WOS:000256059800042 PM 18497295 ER PT J AU Rocha, LA Rocha, CR Robertson, DR Bowen, BW AF Rocha, Luiz A. Rocha, Claudia R. Robertson, D. Ross Bowen, Brian W. TI Comparative phylogeography of Atlantic reef fishes indicates both origin and accumulation of diversity in the Caribbean SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; INDO-PACIFIC; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CORAL-REEFS; RECENT INVASION; SPECIATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; OCEAN; TELEOSTEI AB Background: Two processes may contribute to the formation of global centers of biodiversity: elevated local speciation rates (the center of origin hypothesis), and greater accumulation of species formed elsewhere (the center of accumulation hypothesis). The relative importance of these processes has long intrigued marine biogeographers but rarely has been tested. Results: To examine how origin and accumulation affected the Greater Caribbean center of diversity, we conducted a range-wide survey of mtDNA cytochrome b in the widespread Atlantic reef damselfish Chromis multilineata (N = 183) that included 10 locations in all four tropical Atlantic biogeographic provinces: the Greater Caribbean, Brazil, the mid-Atlantic ridge, and the tropical eastern Atlantic. We analyzed this data and re-evaluated published genetic data from other reef fish taxa (wrasses and parrotfishes) to resolve the origin and dispersal of mtDNA lineages. Parsimony networks, mismatch distributions and phylogenetic analyses identify the Caribbean population of C. multilineata as the oldest, consistent with the center of origin model for the circum-Atlantic radiation of this species. However, some Caribbean haplotypes in this species were derived from Brazilian lineages, indicating that mtDNA diversity has not only originated but also accumulated in the Greater Caribbean. Data from the wrasses and parrotfishes indicate an origin in the Greater Caribbean in one case, Caribbean origin plus accumulation in another, and accumulation in the remaining two. Conclusion: Our analyses indicate that the Greater Caribbean marine biodiversity hotspot did not arise through the action of a single mode of evolutionary change. Reef fish distributions at the boundaries between Caribbean and Brazilian provinces (the SE Caribbean and NE Brazil, respectively) indicate that the microevolutionary patterns we detected in C. multilineata and other reef fishes translate into macroevolutionary processes and that origin and accumulation have acted in concert to form the Greater Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. C1 [Rocha, Luiz A.; Rocha, Claudia R.; Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Rocha, LA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM rochal@hawaii.edu; crrocha@hawaii.edu; drr@stri.org; bbowen@hawaii.edu RI Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011 NR 93 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 30 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 157 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-157 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 310RJ UT WOS:000256547500001 PM 18495046 ER PT J AU Miller, MJ Bermingham, E Klicka, J Escalante, P Do Amaral, FSR Weir, JT Winker, K AF Miller, Matthew J. Bermingham, Eldredge Klicka, John Escalante, Patricia Raposo Do Amaral, Fabio S. Weir, Jason T. Winker, Kevin TI Out of Amazonia again and again: episodic crossing of the Andes promotes diversification in a lowland forest flycatcher SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Andes; dispersal; area cladograms; ancestral area reconstruction; neotropical phylogeography ID MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; AREA-RELATIONSHIPS; RAW DISTRIBUTIONS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BIOGEOGRAPHY; BIRDS; HISTORY; DIVERGENCE; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION AB Most Neotropical lowland forest taxa occur exclusively on one side of the Andes despite the availability of appropriate habitat on both sides. Almost all molecular phylogenies and phylogenetic analyses of species assemblages (i.e. area cladograms) have supported the hypothesis that Andean uplift during the Late Pliocene created a vicariant barrier affecting lowland lineages in the region. However, a few widespread plant and animal species occurring in lowland forests on both sides of the Andes challenge the generality of this hypothesis. To understand the role of the Andes in the history of such organisms, we reconstructed the phylogeographic history of a widespread Neotropical flycatcher (Mionectes oleagineus) in the context of the other four species in the genus. A molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial sequences unambiguously showed an early basal split between montane and lowland Mionectes. The phylogeographic reconstruction of lowland taxa revealed a complex history, with multiple cases in which geographically proximate populations do not represent sister lineages. Specifically, three populations of M. oleagineus west of the Andes do not comprise a monophyletic clade; instead, each represents an independent lineage with origins east of the Andes. Divergence time estimates suggest that at least two cross-Andean dispersal events post-date Andean uplift. C1 [Miller, Matthew J.; Bermingham, Eldredge] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Miller, Matthew J.; Winker, Kevin] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Klicka, John] Univ Nevada, Barrick Museum Nat Hist, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Raposo Do Amaral, Fabio S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Genet & Biol Evolut, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Weir, Jason T.] Univ British Columbia, Ctr Biodivers Res, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Escalante, Patricia] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Mexico City 04511, DF, Mexico. RP Miller, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Museum, 907 Yukon dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM millerma@si.edu RI Miller, Matthew/B-4560-2008; Weir, Jason/A-2920-2009; Raposo do Amaral, Fabio/B-9817-2012; Winker, Kevin/M-2042-2014; Escalante, Patricia/B-8704-2014 OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2939-0239; Raposo do Amaral, Fabio/0000-0002-1133-3789; Winker, Kevin/0000-0002-8985-8104; Escalante, Patricia/0000-0002-5531-263X NR 57 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1639 BP 1133 EP 1142 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0015 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 280YY UT WOS:000254464000005 PM 18285279 ER PT J AU Sherwin, BD Loeb, A O'Leary, RM AF Sherwin, Blake D. Loeb, Abraham O'Leary, Ryan M. TI Hypervelocity stars from the Andromeda galaxy SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; stellar dynamics; galaxies : individual : M31; Local Group ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GALACTIC-CENTER; MILKY-WAY; LOCAL GROUP; STELLAR ENVIRONMENT; NEARBY GALAXIES; BINARY-SYSTEMS; DOUBLE NUCLEUS; EJECTION; MASS AB Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) discovered in the Milky Way (MW) halo are thought to be ejected from near the massive black hole (MBH) at the Galactic centre. In this paper, we investigate the spatial and velocity distributions of the HVSs which are expected to be similarly produced in the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We consider three different HVS production mechanisms: (i) the disruption of stellar binaries by the galactocentric MBH; (ii) the ejection of stars by an in-spiralling intermediate-mass black hole and (iii) the scattering of stars off a cluster of stellar-mass black holes orbiting around the MBH. While the first two mechanisms would produce large numbers of HVSs in M31, we show that the third mechanism would not be effective in M31. We numerically calculate 1.2 x 10(6) trajectories of HVSs from M31 within a simple model of the Local Group and hence infer the current distribution of these stars. Gravitational focusing of the HVSs by the MW and the diffuse Local Group medium leads to high densities of low-mass (approximate to 1 M(circle dot)) M31 HVSs near the MW. Within the virialized MW halo, we expect there to be of the order of 1000 HVSs for the first mechanism and a few hundred HVSs for the second mechanism; many of these stars should have distinctively large approach velocities (< -500 km s(-1)). In addition, we predict approximately five hypervelocity red giant branch (RGB) stars within the M31 halo which could be identified observationally. Future MW astrometric surveys or searches for distant giants could thus find HVSs from M31. C1 [Sherwin, Blake D.; Loeb, Abraham; O'Leary, Ryan M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sherwin, Blake D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Appl Math & Theoret Phys, Cambridge CB3 0WA, England. RP Sherwin, BD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM bds30@cam.ac.uk; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu NR 70 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 21 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 3 BP 1179 EP 1191 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13097.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 295HF UT WOS:000255464900002 ER PT J AU Czerny, B Siemiginowska, A Janiuk, A Gupta, AC AF Czerny, B. Siemiginowska, A. Janiuk, A. Gupta, A. C. TI The nature of the intranight variability of radio-quiet quasars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE accretion; accretion disc; black hole physics; instabilities; galaxies; active; quasars; general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY VARIABILITY; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; DIGITAL-SKY SURVEY; ACCRETION DISKS; SEYFERT-GALAXY; OPTICAL VARIABILITY; INTRADAY VARIABILITY; GAMMA-RAY AB We select a sample of 10 radio-quiet quasars with confirmed intranight optical variability and with available X-ray data. We compare the variability properties and the broad-band spectral constraints to the predictions of intranight variability by three models: (i) irradiation of an accretion disc by a variable X-ray flux, (ii) an accretion disc instability, (iii) the presence of a weak blazar component. We concluded that the third model, e.g. the blazar component model, is the most promising if we adopt a cannonball model for the jet variable emission. In this case, the probability of detecting the intranight variability is within 20-80 per cent, depending on the ratio of the disc to the jet optical luminosity. Variable X-ray irradiation mechanism is also possible but only under additional requirement: either the source should have a very narrow H beta line or occasional extremely strong flares should appear at very large disc radii. C1 [Czerny, B.; Janiuk, A.] Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gupta, A. C.] Aryabhatta Res Inst Observat Sci ARIES, Naini Tal 263129, India. RP Czerny, B (reprint author), Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM bcz@camk.edu.pl RI Czerny, Bozena/A-2363-2015 OI Czerny, Bozena/0000-0001-5848-4333 NR 102 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 21 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 3 BP 1557 EP 1567 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13131.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 295HF UT WOS:000255464900032 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Korytkowski, CA AF Norrbom, Allen L. Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. TI New Cryptodacus (Diptera : Tephritidae) from Panama, with a key to the known species SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Cryptodacus; Tephritidae; Carpomyini; fruit flies; taxonomy AB Cryptodacus trinotatus Norrbom & Korytkowski, new species, and C. univittatus Norrbom & Korytkowski, new species, are described from Panama. New distribution records are reported for C. obliquus Hendel ( Panama), C. ornatus Norrbom (Ecuador), and C. tau (Foote) (Costa Rica). A key to the species of the genus is provided. C1 [Norrbom, Allen L.] Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Korytkowski, Cheslavo A.] Univ Panama, Programa Maestria Entomol, Panama City, Panama. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov; cheslavok@cableonda.net NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 21 PY 2008 IS 1773 BP 31 EP 43 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 303LB UT WOS:000256040900003 ER PT J AU Silverman, JD Green, PJ Barkhouse, WA Kim, DW Kim, M Wilkes, BJ Cameron, RA Hasinger, G Jannuzi, BT Smith, MG Smith, PS Tananbaum, H AF Silverman, J. D. Green, P. J. Barkhouse, W. A. Kim, D. -W. Kim, M. Wilkes, B. J. Cameron, R. A. Hasinger, G. Jannuzi, B. T. Smith, M. G. Smith, P. S. Tananbaum, H. TI The luminosity function of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei: Evolution of supermassive black holes at high redshift SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; quasars : general; surveys; X-rays : galaxies ID CHANDRA MULTIWAVELENGTH PROJECT; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; IDENTIFICATION SEXSI PROGRAM; MEDIUM-SENSITIVITY SURVEY; OPTICALLY SELECTED QSOS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; POINT-SOURCE CATALOGS; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY AB We present a measure of the hard (2-8 keV) X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of AGNs up to z similar to 5. At high redshifts, the wide area coverage of the Chandra Multiwavength Project is crucial to detect rare and luminous (L-X > 10(44) ergs s(-1)) AGNs. The inclusion of samples from deeper published surveys, such as the Chandra Deep Fields, allows us to span the lower LX range of the XLF. Our sample is selected from both the hard (z < 3, f(2-8) keV > 6.3 x 10(-16) ergs cm(-2) s(-1)) and soft (z > 3, f(0.5-2.0) keV > 1.0 x 10(-16) ergs cm(-2) s(-1)) energy band detections. Within our optical magnitude limits (r'; i' < 24), we achieve an adequate level of completeness (> 50%) regarding X-ray source identification (i.e., redshift). We find that the luminosity function is similar to that found in previous X-ray surveys up to z similar to 3 with an evolution dependent on both luminosity and redshift. At z > 3, there is a significant decline in the numbers of AGNs with an evolution rate similar to that found by studies of optically selected QSOs. Based on our XLF, we assess the resolved fraction of the cosmic X-ray background, the cumulative mass density of SMBHs, and the comparison of the mean accretion rate onto SMBHs and the star formation history of galaxies as a function of redshift. A coevolution scenario up to z similar to 2 is plausible, although at higher redshifts the accretion rate onto SMBHs drops more rapidly. Finally, we highlight the need for better statistics of high-redshift AGNs at z greater than or similar to 3, which is achievable with the upcoming Chandra surveys. C1 [Silverman, J. D.; Hasinger, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-84571 Garching, Germany. [Green, P. J.; Kim, D. -W.; Wilkes, B. J.; Cameron, R. A.; Tananbaum, H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barkhouse, W. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kim, M.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Int Ctr Astrophys, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Jannuzi, B. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Smith, M. G.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Smith, P. S.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Silverman, JD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-84571 Garching, Germany. OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 122 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 118 EP 139 DI 10.1086/529572 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600011 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Cox, TJ Dutta, SN Rothberg, B AF Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars Cox, Thomas J. Dutta, Suvendra N. Rothberg, Barry TI Dissipation and extra light in galactic nuclei. I. Gas-rich merger remnants SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : nuclei; quasars : general ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DARK-MATTER HALOS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; MERGING GALAXIES; MAJOR MERGERS AB We study the origin and properties of "extra'' or "excess'' central light in the surface brightness profiles of remnants of gas-rich mergers. By combining a large set of hydrodynamical simulations with data on observed mergers that span a broad range of profiles at various masses and degrees of relaxation, we show how to robustly separate the physically meaningful extra light (i.e., the stellar population formed in a compact central starburst during a gas-rich merger) from the outer profile established by violent relaxation acting on stars already present in the progenitor galaxies prior to the final stages of the merger. This separation is sensitive to the treatment of the profile, and we demonstrate that certain fitting procedures can yield physically misleading results. We show that our method reliably recovers the younger starburst population, and examine how the properties and mass of this component scale with the mass, gas content, and other aspects of the progenitors. We consider the time evolution of the profiles in different bands, and estimate the biases introduced by observational studies at different phases and wavelengths. We show that, when appropriately quantified, extra light is ubiquitous in both observed and simulated gas-rich merger remnants, with sufficient mass (similar to 3%-30% of the stellar mass) to explain the apparent discrepancy in the maximum phase-space densities of ellipticals and their progenitor spirals. The nature of this central component provides a powerful new constraint on the formation histories of observed systems and can inform both our studies of their progenitors and our understanding of the global kinematics and structure of spheroids. C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.; Hernquist, Lars; Cox, Thomas J.; Dutta, Suvendra N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rothberg, Barry] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 122 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 156 EP 181 DI 10.1086/587544 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600014 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Beilicke, M Blaylock, G Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Butt, Y Celik, O Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Cogan, P Colin, P Cui, W Daniel, MK Duke, C Ergin, T Falcone, AD Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortin, P Fortson, LF Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Hays, E Holder, J Horan, D Hughes, SB Hui, MC Humensky, TB Imran, A Kaaret, P Kertzman, M Kieda, DB Kildea, J Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Lee, K Maier, G McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nagai, T Ong, RA Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reynolds, PT Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Syson, A Toner, JA Valcarcel, L Vassiliev, VV Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A White, RJ Williams, DA Wissel, SA Wood, MD Zitzer, B AF Acciari, V. A. Beilicke, M. Blaylock, G. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Butt, Y. Celik, O. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Cogan, P. Colin, P. Cui, W. Daniel, M. K. Duke, C. Ergin, T. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. F. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. H. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Hays, E. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hughes, S. B. Hui, M. C. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. B. Kildea, J. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Lee, K. Maier, G. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P. T. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Syson, A. Toner, J. A. Valcarcel, L. Vassiliev, V. V. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. A. Wood, M. D. Zitzer, B. TI Observation of gamma-ray emission from the galaxy M87 above 250 GeV with VERITAS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (M87, NGC 4486, Virgo A); gamma rays : observations ID SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; X-RAY; TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; UNIFIED SCHEMES; TEV EMISSION; LAC OBJECTS; CRAB-NEBULA; JET; MARKARIAN-421; VARIABILITY AB The multiwavelength observation of the nearby radio galaxy M87 provides a unique opportunity to study in detail processes occurring in active galactic nuclei from radio waves to TeV gamma-rays. Here we report the detection of gamma-ray emission above 250 GeV from M87 in spring 2007 with the VERITAS atmospheric Cerenkov telescope array and discuss its correlation with the X-ray emission. The gamma-ray emission is measured to be pointlike with an intrinsic source radius less than 4.5'. The differential energy spectrum is fitted well by a power-law function: d Phi/dE = (7.4 +/- 1.3(stat) +/- 1.5(sys))(E/TeV)((-2.31 +/- 0.17stat +/- 0.2sys)) 10(-9) m(-2) s(-1) TeV(-1). We show strong evidence for a year-scale correlation between the gamma-ray flux reported by TeV experiments and the X-ray emission measured by the ASM RXTE observatory, and discuss the possible short-timescale variability. These results imply that the gamma-ray emission from M87 is more likely associated with the core of the galaxy than with other bright X-ray features in the jet. C1 [Colin, P.; Finnegan, G.; Kieda, D. B.; LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Acciari, V. A.; Hui, M. C.; Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Hughes, S. B.; Krawczynski, H.; Lee, K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Blaylock, G.; Ergin, T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Daniel, M. K.; Grube, J.; Rose, H. J.; Smith, A. W.; Syson, A.; White, R. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Butt, Y.; Gibbs, K.; Kildea, J.; Perkins, J. S.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Celik, O.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.; Toner, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L. F.; Gyuk, G.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.; Valcarcel, L.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Millis, J.; Sembroski, G. H.; Zitzer, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Falcone, A. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fortin, P.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hays, E.; Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S. P.; Wakely, S. P.; Wissel, S. A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hays, E.; Horan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Imran, A.; Krennrich, F.; Nagai, T.; Pohl, M.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kaaret, P.; Pandel, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Colin, P (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM colin@physics.utah.edu RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 45 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1086/587458 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600028 ER PT J AU Pineda, JE Caselli, P Goodman, AA AF Pineda, Jaime E. Caselli, Paola Goodman, Alyssa A. TI Isotopologues in the perseus molecular cloud complex: The X-factor and regional variations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM : abundances; ISM : individual (Perseus); ISM : molecules ID CARBON-MONOXIDE ABUNDANCE; RAY IONIZATION RATE; DARK CLOUD; VISUAL EXTINCTION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; EMISSION MAPS; MILKY-WAY; GAS; CO; BARNARD-5 AB We use data gathered by the COMPLETE survey of star-forming regions to find new calibrations of the "X-factor'' and (CO)-C-13 abundance within the Perseus molecular cloud. We divide Perseus into six subregions, using groupings in a dust temperature vs. LSR velocity plot. The standard X-factor, X N(H-2)/W((CO)-C-12), is derived both for the whole Perseus complex and for each of the six subregions with values consistent with previous estimates. However, the X-factor is heavily affected by the saturation of the emission above A(V) similar to 4 mag, and variations are also found between regions. Linear fits to relate W((CO)-C-12) and AV using only points below 4 mag of extinction yield a better estimate of the AV than the X-factor. Linear relations of W((CO)-C-13); N((CO)-C-13), and W((CO)-O-18) with AV are derived. The extinction thresholds above which (CO)-C-13(1-0) and (CO)-O-18(1-0) are detected are about 1 mag larger than previous estimates, so that a more efficient shielding is needed for the formation of CO than previously thought. The (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 lines saturate above 4 and 5 mag, respectively, whereas (CO)-O-18(1-0) never saturates in the whole AV range probed by our study (up to 10 mag). Approximately 60% of the positions with (CO)-C-12(1-0) emission have subthermally excited lines, and almost all positions have excitation temperatures below the dust temperature. PDR models, using the Meudon code, can explain the (CO)-C-12(1-0) and (CO)-C-13(1-0) emission with densities ranging between 10(3) and 10(4) cm(-3). In general, local variations in the volume density and nonthermal motions (linked to different star formation activity) can explain the observations. Higher densities are needed to reproduce CO data toward active star-forming sites, such as NGC 1333, where the larger internal motions driven by the young protostars allow more photons from the embedded high-density cores to escape the cloud. In the most quiescent region, B5, the (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13 emission appears to arise from an almost uniform thin layer of molecular material at densities around 10(4) cm(-3), and in this region the integrated intensities of the two CO isotopologues are the lowest in the whole complex. C1 [Pineda, Jaime E.; Goodman, Alyssa A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Caselli, Paola] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Caselli, Paola] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Pineda, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jpineda@cfa.harvard.edu; p.caselli@leeds.ac.uk; agoodman@cfa.harvard.edu RI Pineda, Jaime/J-7405-2013; Goodman, Alyssa/A-6007-2010 OI Pineda, Jaime/0000-0002-3972-1978; Goodman, Alyssa/0000-0003-1312-0477 NR 47 TC 128 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 481 EP 496 DI 10.1086/586883 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600034 ER PT J AU Ragland, S Le Coroller, H Pluzhnik, E Cotton, WD Danchi, WC Monnier, JD Traub, WA Willson, LA Berger, JP Lacasse, MG AF Ragland, S. Le Coroller, H. Pluzhnik, E. Cotton, W. D. Danchi, W. C. Monnier, J. D. Traub, W. A. Willson, L. A. Berger, J. -P. Lacasse, M. G. TI First images of R Aquarii and its asymmetric H2O shell SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : symbiotic; circumstellar matter; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : mass loss; stars : individual ( R Aquarii); techniques : high angular resolution ID PERIOD VARIABLE-STARS; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SYMBIOTIC STARS; SIO MASERS; INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; VLBA OBSERVATIONS AB We report imaging observations of the symbiotic long-period Mira variable R Aquarii ( R Aqr) at near-infrared and radio wavelengths. The near-infrared observations were made with the IOTA imaging interferometer in three narrow-band filters centered at 1.51, 1.64, and 1.78 mu m, which sample mainly water, continuum, and water features, respectively. Our near-infrared fringe visibility and closure phase data are analyzed using three models. (1) A uniform disk model with wave length-dependent sizes fails to fit the visibility data, and is inconsistent with the closure phase data. (2) A three-component model, consisting of a Mira star, water shell, and an off-axis point source, provide a good fit to all data. (3) A model generated by a constrained image reconstruction analysis provides more insight, suggesting that the water shell is highly nonuniform, i.e., clumpy. The VLBA observations of SiO masers in the outer molecular envelope show evidence of turbulence, with jetlike features containing velocity gradients. C1 [Ragland, S.; Le Coroller, H.; Pluzhnik, E.] Calif Assoc Res Astron, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Pluzhnik, E.] Kharkov AM Gorkii State Univ, Inst Astron, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Cotton, W. D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Danchi, W. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Monnier, J. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Traub, W. A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Traub, W. A.; Lacasse, M. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Willson, L. A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Berger, J. -P.] Astrophys Lab, F-38400 St Martin Dheres, France. RP Ragland, S (reprint author), Calif Assoc Res Astron, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. EM sragland@keck.hawaii.edu NR 81 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP 746 EP 761 DI 10.1086/529573 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 300IX UT WOS:000255818600057 ER PT J AU Liu, JF McClintock, JE Narayan, R Davis, SW Orosz, JA AF Liu, Jifeng McClintock, Jeffrey E. Narayan, Ramesh Davis, Shane W. Orosz, Jerome A. TI Precise measurement of the spin parameter of the stellar-mass black hole M33 X-7 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries : general; black hole physics; galaxies : individual (M33); X-rays : binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; THIN ACCRETION DISK; SPECTRA; MODEL AB In prior work, Chandra and Gemini-North observations of the eclipsing X-ray binary M33 X-7 have yielded measurements of the mass of its black hole primary and the system's orbital inclination angle of unprecedented accuracy. Likewise, the distance to the binary is known to a few percent. In an analysis based on these precise results, 15 Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray spectra, and our fully relativistic accretion disk model, we find that the dimensionless spin parameter of the black hole primary is a* = 0.77 +/- 0.05. The quoted 1 sigma error includes all sources of observational uncertainty. Four Chandra spectra of the highest quality, which were obtained over a span of several years, all lead to the same estimate of spin to within statistical errors (2%), and this estimate is confirmed by 11 spectra of lower quality. There are two remaining uncertainties: (1) the validity of the relativistic model used to analyze the observations, which is being addressed in ongoing theoretical work; and (2) our assumption that the black hole spin is approximately aligned with the angular momentum vector of the binary, which can be addressed by a future X-ray polarimetry mission. C1 [Liu, Jifeng; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Narayan, Ramesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Davis, Shane W.] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Orosz, Jerome A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 29 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1086/588840 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DR UT WOS:000256721800010 ER PT J AU Moffat, AFJ Marchenko, SV Zhilyaev, BE Rowe, JF Muntean, V Chene, AN Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Guenther, DB Rucinski, SM Sasselov, D Walker, GAH Weiss, WW AF Moffat, A. F. J. Marchenko, S. V. Zhilyaev, B. E. Rowe, J. F. Muntean, V. Chene, A. -N. Matthews, J. M. Kuschnig, R. Guenther, D. B. Rucinski, S. M. Sasselov, D. Walker, G. A. H. Weiss, W. W. TI Most finds no coherent oscillations in the hot carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet star HD 165763 (WR 111) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stars : early-type; stars : emission-line, Be; stars : individual (HD 165763); stars : oscillations; stars : winds, outflows; stars : Wolf-Rayet ID ENIGMATIC WN8 STARS; WIND INHOMOGENEITIES; FAST PULSATIONS; HD 165763; WR STARS; WC STAR; PHOTOMETRY; POLARIZATION; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION AB We have photometrically monitored the V = 8 mag Galactic Population I WC5 star WR 111 for 3 weeks nonstop using the MOST microsatellite. Each of the similar to 27,000 data points has a precision of similar to 3 mmag. We find no coherent Fourier components above the 50 part per million level over the whole interval for frequencies f > cd 10(-1) (periods P < 2.4 hr). This limit is nearly 2 orders of magnitude below recent predictions for early- type WR stars based on strange-mode pulsation simulations, with expected periods in the range 10-30 minutes. Simultaneous spectroscopic observations of WR 111 reveal a normal level of stochastic clumps propagating in the wind, which possibly manifest themselves in the slow 1/f rise in the MOST power spectrum below f similar to 10 cd(-1). Time-frequency analysis of the MOST data shows no obvious short-lived frequencies above the 1 mmag level, in stark contrast to the highly variable cool WR stars WR 123 (WN8) and WR 103 (WC9d), monitored previously by MOST. Radiation pressure therefore appears to be the main, if not sole, driver of WR 111's strong wind. C1 [Moffat, A. F. J.; Muntean, V.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Marchenko, S. V.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Zhilyaev, B. E.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Main Astron Observ, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Rowe, J. F.] NASA Ames Res Pk, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Chene, A. -N.] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Canadian Gemini Off, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Matthews, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Kuschnig, R.; Weiss, W. W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Rucinski, S. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Moffat, AFJ (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, CP 6128,Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM moffat@astro.umontreal.ca; sergey.vm@gmail.com; zhilyaev@mao.kiev.ua; jasonfrowe@gmail.com; muntean@astro.umontreal.ca; andre-nicolas.chene@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; matthews@astro.ubc.ca; rainer.kuschnig@univie.ac.at; guenther@ap.stmarys.ca; rucinski@astro.utoronto.ca; sasselov@cfa.harvard.edu; gordonwa@uvic.ca; weiss@astro.univie.ac.at NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP L45 EP L48 DI 10.1086/589237 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DR UT WOS:000256721800012 ER PT J AU Rines, K Diaferio, A Natarajan, P AF Rines, Kenneth Diaferio, Antonaldo Natarajan, Priyamvada TI WMAP5 and the cluster mass function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RAY TEMPERATURE FUNCTION; X-RAY; GALAXY CLUSTERS; DARK ENERGY; COSMOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; HIERARCHICAL UNIVERSE; POWER-SPECTRUM; HIGH-REDSHIFT; DATA RELEASE AB The recently revised cosmological constraints from the 5 year WMAP data ameliorate previous tension between cosmological constraints from the microwave background and from cluster abundances. We demonstrate that the revised estimates of cosmological parameters are in excellent agreement with the mass function of X-ray clusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Velocity segregation between galaxies and the underlying dark matter could cause virial mass estimates to be biased, causing the mass scale of the mass function to be offset from the true value. Modest velocity segregation (sigma(gxy)/sigma(DM) =1.15(-0.05)(+0.06)) is sufficient to match the mass function to the 5 year WMAP results. However, when the new WMAP results are combined with constraints from supernovae and baryon acoustic oscillations, there is no need for velocity segregation (sigma(gxy)/sigma(DM) = 1.05 +/- 0.05). This result agrees with expectations for velocity segregation from state-of-the-art numerical simulations of clusters. Together with the improved agreement between the new WMAP results and recent cosmic shear measurements, this result demonstrates that the amplitude of large-scale structure in the nearby universe matches that predicted from the structure seen in the microwave background. The new constraint we place on velocity segregation in clusters indicates that virial mass estimates for clusters are reasonably accurate. This result suggests that future cluster surveys will be able to probe both cosmological parameters and fundamental cluster physics. C1 [Rines, Kenneth] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Diaferio, Antonaldo] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen Amedeo Avogadro, Turin, Italy. [Diaferio, Antonaldo] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Natarajan, Priyamvada] Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Rines, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM krines@cfa.harvard.edu; diaferio@ph.unito.it; priya@astro.yale.edu NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1086/588783 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DR UT WOS:000256721800001 ER PT J AU Vaillancourt, JE Dowell, CD Hildebrand, RH Kirby, L Krejny, MM Li, HB Novak, G Houde, M Shinnaga, H Attard, M AF Vaillancourt, John E. Dowell, C. Darren Hildebrand, Roger H. Kirby, Larry Krejny, Megan M. Li, Hua-Bai Novak, Giles Houde, Martin Shinnaga, Hiroko Attard, Michael TI New results on the submillimeter polarization spectrum of the Orion Molecular Cloud SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (OMC-1); polarization; submillimeter ID FAR-INFRARED POLARIMETRY; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GRAIN ALIGNMENT; LINEAR-POLARIZATION; INTERSTELLAR DUST; STAR-FORMATION; CONSTRAINTS; FILAMENT; CAMERA; OMC-1 AB We have used the SHARP polarimeter at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory to map the polarization at wavelengths of 350 and 450 mu m in a similar to 2 ' x 3 ' region of the Orion Molecular Cloud. The map covers the brightest mm region of the OMC-1 ridge including the Kleinmann-Low (KL) nebula and the submillimeter source Orion-south. The ratio of 450 to 350 mu m polarization is similar to 1.3 +/- 0.3 in the outer parts of the cloud and drops by more than mm a factor of 2 toward KL. The outer cloud ratio is consistent with measurements in other clouds at similar wavelengths and confirms previous measurements placing the minimum of the polarization ratio in dusty molecular clouds at lambda similar to 350 mu m. C1 [Vaillancourt, John E.; Dowell, C. Darren] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Dowell, C. Darren] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Hildebrand, Roger H.; Kirby, Larry] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hildebrand, Roger H.; Kirby, Larry] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Krejny, Megan M.; Novak, Giles] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Li, Hua-Bai] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Houde, Martin; Attard, Michael] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Shinnaga, Hiroko] Caltech Submillimeter Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Vaillancourt, JE (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, MS 320-47,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM johnv@submm.caltech.edu; cdd@submm.caltech.edu; roger@oddjob.uchicago.edu; lkirby@oddjob.uchicago.edu; m-krejny@northwestern.edu; hli@cfa.harvard.edu; g-novak@northwestern.edu; houde@astro.uwo.ca; shinnaga@submm.caltech.edu; mattard@uwo.ca NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP L25 EP L28 DI 10.1086/589152 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DR UT WOS:000256721800007 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Schwamb, ME Huang, KY Wen, CY Zhang, ZW Wang, SY Chen, WP Bianco, FB Dave, R Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Porrata, R Alcock, C Byun, YI Cook, KH King, SK Lee, T Urata, Y AF Wang, J. H. Schwamb, M. E. Huang, K. Y. Wen, C. Y. Zhang, Z. W. Wang, S. Y. Chen, W. P. Bianco, F. B. Dave, R. Lehner, M. J. Marshall, S. L. Porrata, R. Alcock, C. Byun, Y. I. Cook, K. H. King, S. K. Lee, T. Urata, Y. TI Early optical brightening in GRB 071010B SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; gamma rays : observations ID GAMMA-RAY-BURSTS; AFTERGLOW EMISSION; RELATIVISTIC JETS; MODELS; PROMPT AB We report the detection of early (60-230 s) optical emission of the gamma-ray burst afterglow of GRB 071010B. No significant correlation with the prompt gamma-ray emission was found. Our high time resolution data combining with other measurements within 2 days after the burst indicate that GRB 071010B is composed of a weak early brightening (alpha similar to 0.6), probably caused by the peak frequency passing through the optical wavelengths, followed by a decay (alpha similar to -0.51), attributed to continuous energy injection by patchy jets. C1 [Wang, J. H.; Huang, K. Y.; Wen, C. Y.; Wang, S. Y.; Lehner, M. J.; Lee, T.; Urata, Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Schwamb, M. E.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zhang, Z. W.; Chen, W. P.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Bianco, F. B.; Lehner, M. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dave, R.; Alcock, C.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marshall, S. L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Marshall, S. L.; Cook, K. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Porrata, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94270 USA. [Byun, Y. I.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Urata, Y.] Saitama Univ, Dept Phys, Saitama 3388570, Japan. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, POB 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RI Lee, Typhoon/N-8347-2013; OI Lehner, Matthew/0000-0003-4077-0985 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 679 IS 1 BP L5 EP L8 DI 10.1086/588814 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 313DR UT WOS:000256721800002 ER PT J AU Tian, HL Xue, JH Wen, J Mitchell, G Zhou, SL AF Tian, Hong-Li Xue, Jian-Hua Wen, Jun Mitchell, Grant Zhou, Shi-Liang TI Genetic diversity and relationships of lotus (Nelumbo) cultivars based on allozyme and ISSR markers SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Article DE Nelumbo nucifera Gaerten.; lotus; genetic diversity; genetic relationships; allozyme; ISSR ID POPULATIONS AB Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of lotus (Nelumbo Adanson) cultivars were evaluated using allozyme and ISSR markers. The samples used covered 11 accessions of possible hybrids between Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea and 92 accessions of N. nucifera including 69 flower lotus, 13 rhizome lotus, 5 seed lotus and 5 wild lotus. For allozyme studies, a total of 31 alleles at 23 loci of 18 enzyme systems were detected of which 5 (21.7%) loci Aat, Idh, Mdh-2, Pgd, Sod were polymorphic. The loci of Aat and Idh included two alleles, Mdh-2, Pgd and Sod included three alleles. Eighteen genotypes were detected with the 13 alleles of the 5 polymorphic loci. The parameters of average allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 1.35 +/- 0.71, 0.06 +/- 0.21, 0.05 +/- 0.14, 0.10 +/- 023, respectively. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 93 loci, of which 37.63% were polymorphic across all samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci, average allele number, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 26.67%,1.30 +/- 10.46, 0.10 +/- 0.18 and 0.15 +/- 10.25, respectively for the ISSR data. The 'Bottleneck effect' and rapid propagation of clones after the ice ages may explain the low genetic diversity of lotus. The dendrograms based on ISSR and allozymes were not congruent. Based on the ISSR data, the 103 samples were divided into the N. nucifera group (Group 1), and the group containing inter-specific hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea (Group II). The flower lotus, rhizome lotus, and seed lotus each has multiple sources of origin. Plant size, a criterion commonly used in the classification of cultivars of lotus, is not correlated with genetic variation. Flower color is correlated with the cultivar classification to some degree, but its variation is complex in the hybrids. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tian, Hong-Li; Wen, Jun; Zhou, Shi-Liang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Xue, Jian-Hua] Daqing Normal Coll, Dept Life Sci, Daqing 163712, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tian, Hong-Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Mitchell, Grant] Liang Lian Lotus & Waterlily Farm, Bunga, NSW 2550, Australia. RP Zhou, SL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM slzhou@ibcas.ac.cn NR 21 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD MAY 20 PY 2008 VL 116 IS 4 BP 421 EP 429 DI 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.02.011 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 310CS UT WOS:000256507100014 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ Gonzalez, G AF Vandenberg, Natalia J. Gonzalez, Guillermo TI A new Chilean species of Cycloneda Crotch (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae : Coccinellinae : Coccinellini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE insecta; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; Cycloneda; new species; key; South America; Chile AB Cycloneda pretiosa, new species is described from Lago Pirihueico in southern Chile The species is diagnosed and compared with both related and superficially similar species. Habitus and genitalic characters are illustrated. Geographical and temporal data are given. The new species is assigned to the Cycloneda germainii species complex and integrated into the key to species of this group (Gonzalez and Vandenberg, 2006). C1 [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Agr Res Serv, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci,USDA,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC-168, Washington, DC USA. EM Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov; willogonzalez@yahoo.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 19 PY 2008 IS 1772 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 303LA UT WOS:000256040800003 ER PT J AU Froidevaux, L Jiang, YB Lambert, A Livesey, NJ Read, WG Waters, JW Fuller, RA Marcy, TP Popp, PJ Gao, RS Fahey, DW Jucks, KW Stachnik, RA Toon, GC Christensen, LE Webster, CR Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Pumphrey, HC Harwood, RS Manney, GL Schwartz, MJ Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA AF Froidevaux, L. Jiang, Y. B. Lambert, A. Livesey, N. J. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Fuller, R. A. Marcy, T. P. Popp, P. J. Gao, R. S. Fahey, D. W. Jucks, K. W. Stachnik, R. A. Toon, G. C. Christensen, L. E. Webster, C. R. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Pumphrey, H. C. Harwood, R. S. Manney, G. L. Schwartz, M. J. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder HCl measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; EOS MLS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; CHLORINE; MODEL; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE; PROFILES AB The Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite has provided daily global HCl profiles since August 2004. We provide a characterization of the resolution, random and systematic uncertainties, and known issues for the version 2.2 MLS HCl data. The MLS sampling allows for comparisons with many (similar to 1500 to more than 3000) closely matched profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). These data sets provide HCl latitudinal distributions that are, overall, very similar to those from (coincident) MLS profiles, although there are some discrepancies in the upper stratosphere between the MLS and HALOE gradients. As found in previous work, MLS and ACE HCl profiles agree very well (within similar to 5%, on average), but the MLS HCl abundances are generally larger (by 10-20%) than HALOE HCl. The bias versus HALOE is unlikely to arise mostly from MLS, as a similar systematic bias (of order 15%) is not observed between average MLS and balloon-borne measurements of HCl, obtained over Fort Sumner, New Mexico, in 2004 and 2005. At the largest pressure (147 hPa) for MLS HCl, a high bias (similar to 0.2 ppbv) is apparent in analyses of low to midlatitude data versus in situ aircraft chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) HCl measurements from the Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) campaigns in 2004, 2005, and 2006; this bias is also observed in comparisons of MLS and aircraft HCl/O-3 correlations. Good agreement between MLS and CIMS HCl is obtained at 100 to 68 hPa. The recommended pressure range for MLS HCl is from 100 to 0.15 hPa. C1 [Froidevaux, L.; Jiang, Y. B.; Lambert, A.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.; Waters, J. W.; Fuller, R. A.; Stachnik, R. A.; Toon, G. C.; Christensen, L. E.; Webster, C. R.; Manney, G. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Daffer, W. H.; Drouin, B. J.; Cofield, R. E.; Cuddy, D. T.; Jarnot, R. F.; Knosp, B. W.; Perun, V. S.; Snyder, W. V.; Stek, P. C.; Thurstans, R. P.; Wagner, P. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Marcy, T. P.; Popp, P. J.; Gao, R. S.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marcy, T. P.; Popp, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Pumphrey, H. C.; Harwood, R. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Froidevaux, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lucien.froidevaux@jpl.nasa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 46 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S25 DI 10.1029/2007JD009025 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 303SQ UT WOS:000256061600002 ER PT J AU Condon, MA Scheffer, SJ Lewis, ML Swensen, SM AF Condon, Marty A. Scheffer, Sonja J. Lewis, Matthew L. Swensen, Susan M. TI Hidden neotropical diversity: Greater than the sum of its parts SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; BLEPHARONEURA DIPTERA; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FRUIT-FLIES; TEPHRITIDAE; FORESTS; DIVERSIFICATION; CUCURBITACEAE; SPECIATION AB The diversity of tropical herbivorous insects has been explained as a direct function of plant species diversity. Testing that explanation, we reared 2857 flies from flowers and seeds of 24 species of plants from 34 neotropical sites. Samples yielded 52 morphologically similar species of flies and documented highly conserved patterns of specificity to host taxa and host parts. Widespread species of plants can support 13 species of flies. Within single populations of plants, we typically found one or more fly species specific to female flowers and multiple specialists on male flowers. We suggest that neotropical herbivorous insect diversity is not simply a function of plant taxonomic and architectural diversity, but also reflects the geographic distribution of hosts and the age and area of the neotropics. C1 [Condon, Marty A.] Cornell Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. [Condon, Marty A.; Scheffer, Sonja J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.; Lewis, Matthew L.] USDA ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Scheffer, Sonja J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Swensen, Susan M.] Ithaca Coll, Dept Biol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Condon, MA (reprint author), Cornell Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. EM mcondon@cornellcollege.edu NR 27 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 16 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5878 BP 928 EP 931 DI 10.1126/science.1155832 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301AH UT WOS:000255868300041 PM 18487192 ER PT J AU Krot, AN Chaussidon, M Yurimoto, H Sakamoto, N Nagashima, K Hutcheon, ID MacPherson, GJ AF Krot, A. N. Chaussidon, M. Yurimoto, H. Sakamoto, N. Nagashima, K. Hutcheon, I. D. MacPherson, G. J. TI Oxygen isotopic compositions of Allende Type CCAIs: Evidence for isotopic exchange during nebular melting and asteroidal metamorphism SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID AL-RICH INCLUSIONS; EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; CV CHONDRITES; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS; CRYSTALLIZATION SEQUENCES; PARENT BODIES; CHONDRULES; OLIVINE; AL-26 AB In situ oxygen isotopic measurements of primary and secondary minerals in Type C CAIs from the Allende CV3 chondrite reveal that the pattern of relative enrichments and depletions of O-16 in the primary minerals within each individual CAI are similar to the patterns observed in Types A and B CAIs from the same meteorite. Spinet is consistently the most O-16-rich (Delta O-17 = -25 parts per thousand to -15 parts per thousand), followed by Al,Ti-dioside (Delta O-17 = -20 parts per thousand to -5 parts per thousand) and anorthite (Delta O-17 = - 15 parts per thousand to 0 parts per thousand). Melilite is the most O-16-depleted primary mineral (Delta O-17 = -5 parts per thousand to -3 parts per thousand). We conclude that the original melting event that formed Type C CAIs occurred in a O-16-rich (Delta O-17 <= 20 parts per thousand) nebular gas and they subsequently experienced oxygen isotopic exchange in a O-16-poor reservoir. At least three of these (ABC, TS26F1 and 93) experienced remelting at the time and place where chondrules were forming, trapping and partially assimilating O-16-poor chondrule fragments. The observation that the pyroxene is O-16-rich relative to the feldspar, even though the feldspar preceded it in the igneous crystallization sequence, disproves the class of CAI isotopic exchange models in which partial melting of a O-16-rich solid in a O-16-poor gas is followed by slow crystallization in that gas. For the typical (not associated with chondrule materials) Type C CAIs as well for as the Types A and B CAIs, the exchange that produced internal isotopic heterogeneity within each CAI must have occurred largely in the solid state. The secondary phases grossular, monticellite and forsterite commonly have similar oxygen isotopic compositions to the melilite and anorthite they replace, but in one case (CAI 160) grossular is O-16-enriched (Delta O-17 = -10 parts per thousand to -6 parts per thousand) relative to melilite (Delta O-17 = -5 parts per thousand to -3 parts per thousand), meaning that the melilite and anorthite must have exchanged its oxygen subsequent to secondary alteration. This isotopic exchange in melilite and anorthite likely occurred on the CV parent asteroid, possibly during fluid-assisted thermal metamorphism. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Krot, A. N.; Nagashima, K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chaussidon, M.] Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, CNRS UPR 2300, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Yurimoto, H.; Sakamoto, N.] Hokkaido Univ, Div Earth & Planetary Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Hutcheon, I. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94451 USA. [MacPherson, G. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Krot, AN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sasha@higp.hawaii.edu RI Chaussidon, Marc/E-7067-2017 NR 69 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 10 BP 2534 EP 2555 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.011 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 305JN UT WOS:000256174500007 ER PT J AU Schroll-Guz, S AF Schroll-Guz, Savannah TI Music of the World War II era SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schroll-Guz, Savannah] Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. RP Schroll-Guz, S (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst Libs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 133 IS 9 BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 303NW UT WOS:000256048200221 ER PT J AU Warner, DJ AF Warner, Deborah Jean TI Coast lines: How mapmakers frame the world and chart environmental change SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Warner, Deborah Jean] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Warner, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 15 PY 2008 VL 453 IS 7193 BP 285 EP 286 DI 10.1038/453285a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301AI UT WOS:000255868400023 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF AF Reinert, John F. TI Redescription of the holotype of Finlaya lepchana Barraud, 1923 (Diptera : Culicidae : Aedini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article C1 [Reinert, John F.] CMAVE, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Reinert, John F.] Smithsonian Inst, WRBU, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), CMAVE, USDA, Agr Res Serv, 1600-1700 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM John.Reinert@usda.ars.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAY 12 PY 2008 IS 1767 BP 64 EP 66 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 300AD UT WOS:000255795800004 ER PT J AU Wong, T Ladd, EF Brisbin, D Burton, MG Bains, I Cunningham, MR Lo, N Jones, PA Thomas, KL Longmore, SN Vigan, A Mookerjea, B Kramer, C Fukui, Y Kawamura, A AF Wong, T. Ladd, E. F. Brisbin, D. Burton, M. G. Bains, I. Cunningham, M. R. Lo, N. Jones, P. A. Thomas, K. L. Longmore, S. N. Vigan, A. Mookerjea, B. Kramer, C. Fukui, Y. Kawamura, A. TI Molecular line mapping of the giant molecular cloud associated with RCW 106-II. Column density and dynamical state of the clumps SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars; formation; ISM; clouds; ISM; molecules; ISM; structure ID INFRARED DARK CLOUDS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; INTERSTELLAR-MOLECULES; GALACTIC DISTRIBUTION; POWER SPECTRUM; MASS FUNCTION; INNER GALAXY; OUTER GALAXY; MILKY-WAY AB We present a fully sampled (CO)-O-18 (1-0) map towards the southern giant molecular cloud (GMC) associated with the H II region RCW 106, and use it in combination with previous (CO)-C-13 (1-0) mapping to estimate the gas column density as a function of position and velocity. We find localized regions of significant (CO)-C-13 optical depth in the northern part of the cloud, with several of the high-opacity clouds in this region likely associated with a limb-brightened shell around the H II region G333.6-0.2. Optical depth corrections broaden the distribution of column densities in the cloud, yielding a lognormal distribution as predicted by simulations of turbulence. Decomposing the (CO)-C-13 and (CO)-O-18 data cubes into clumps, we find relatively weak correlations between size and linewidth, and a more sensitive dependence of luminosity on size than would be predicted by a constant average column density. The clump mass spectrum has a slope near -1.7, consistent with previous studies. The most massive clumps appear to have gravitational binding energies well in excess of virial equilibrium; we discuss possible explanations, which include magnetic support and neglect of time-varying surface terms in the virial theorem. Unlike molecular clouds as a whole, the clumps within the RCW 106 GMC, while elongated, appear to show random orientations with respect to the Galactic plane. C1 [Wong, T.; Burton, M. G.; Bains, I.; Cunningham, M. R.; Lo, N.; Jones, P. A.; Longmore, S. N.; Vigan, A.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Wong, T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wong, T.; Lo, N.; Longmore, S. N.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Ladd, E. F.; Brisbin, D.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Brisbin, D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bains, I.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Thomas, K. L.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Longmore, S. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mookerjea, B.; Kramer, C.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, KOSMA, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Mookerjea, B.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Fukui, Y.; Kawamura, A.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Wong, T (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM wongt@astro.uiuc.edu OI Burton, Michael/0000-0001-7289-1998; Cunningham, Maria/0000-0001-7020-6176; Vigan, Arthur/0000-0002-5902-7828 NR 57 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 11 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 2 BP 1069 EP 1084 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13107.x PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292ST UT WOS:000255287100040 ER PT J AU Wood, M Blaylock, G Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Byrum, KL Chow, YCK Cui, W Perez, ID Falcone, AD Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Grube, J Hall, J Hanna, D Holder, J Horan, D Humensky, TB Kieda, DB Kildea, J Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Nagai, T Ong, RA Perkins, JS Pohl, M Quinn, J Rose, HJ Sembroski, GH Vassiliev, VV Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Weekes, TC Weinstein, A AF Wood, M. Blaylock, G. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Byrum, K. L. Chow, Y. C. K. Cui, W. Perez, I. de la Calle Falcone, A. D. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Grube, J. Hall, J. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Horan, D. Humensky, T. B. Kieda, D. B. Kildea, J. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Rose, H. J. Sembroski, G. H. Vassiliev, V. V. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. TI A search for dark matter annihilation with the whipple 10 m telescope SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; gamma rays : observations ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; MILKY-WAY HALO; GALACTIC-CENTER; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; URSA-MINOR; DENSITY PROFILES; DRACO; M32 AB We present observations of the dwarf galaxies Draco and Ursa Minor, the Local Group galaxies M32 and M33, and the globular cluster M15 conducted with the Whipple 10 m gamma-ray telescope to search for the gamma-ray signature of self-annihilating weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which may constitute astrophysical dark matter (DM). We review the motivations for selecting these sources based on their unique astrophysical environments and report the results of the data analysis that produced upper limits on the excess rate of gamma rays for each source. We consider models for the DM distribution in each source based on the available observational constraints and discuss possible scenarios for the enhancement of the gamma-ray luminosity. Limits on the thermally averaged product of the total self-annihilation cross section and velocity of the WIMP, , are derived using conservative estimates for the magnitude of the astrophysical contribution to the gamma-ray flux. Although these limits do not constrain predictions from the currently favored theoretical models of supersymmetry (SUSY), future observations with VERITAS will probe a larger region of the WIMP parameter phase space, , and WIMP particle mass (m(chi)). C1 [Wood, M.; Chow, Y. C. K.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Blaylock, G.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Grube, J.; Rose, H. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Buckley, J. H.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Byrum, K. L.; Horan, D.; Wagner, R. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Konopelko, A.; Sembroski, G. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Perez, I. de la Calle] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Falcone, A. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hall, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Hanna, D.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Sharp Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Wakely, S. P.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kieda, D. B.; LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Kildea, J.; Perkins, J. S.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Krennrich, F.; Nagai, T.; Pohl, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Wood, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Hall, Jeter/F-6108-2013; Hall, Jeter/E-9294-2015; OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 87 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 594 EP 605 DI 10.1086/529421 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800004 ER PT J AU Strigari, LE Koushiappas, SM Bullock, JS Kaplinghat, M Simon, JD Geha, M Willman, B AF Strigari, Louis E. Koushiappas, Savvas M. Bullock, James S. Kaplinghat, Manoj Simon, Joshua D. Geha, Marla Willman, Beth TI The most dark-matter-dominated galaxies: Predicted gamma-ray signals from the faintest milky way dwarfs SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; dark matter ID VELOCITY DISPERSION PROFILES; EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES; GALACTIC SATELLITES; MASS FUNCTION; GIANT STARS; LOCAL GROUP; URSA-MAJOR; TELESCOPE AB We use kinematic data from three new nearby, extremely low luminosity MilkyWay dwarf galaxies (UrsaMajor II, Willman 1, and Coma Berenices) to constrain the properties of their dark matter halos, and from these we make predictions for the gamma-ray flux from annihilation of dark matter particles in these halos. We show that these similar to 10(3)L(circle dot) dwarfs are the most dark-matter-dominated galaxies known, with total masses within 100 pc that are in excess of 10(6) M-circle dot. Coupled with their relative proximity, their large masses imply that they should have mean gamma-ray fluxes that are comparable to or greater than those of any other known satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. Our results are robust to both variations of the inner slope of the density profile and the effect of tidal interactions. The fluxes could be boosted by up to 2 orders of magnitude if we include the density enhancements caused by surviving dark matter substructure. C1 [Strigari, Louis E.; Bullock, James S.; Kaplinghat, Manoj] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Koushiappas, Savvas M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Koushiappas, Savvas M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Simon, Joshua D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Geha, Marla] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. [Willman, Beth] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Strigari, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Cosmol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Bullock, James/K-1928-2015; OI Bullock, James/0000-0003-4298-5082; Strigari, Louis/0000-0001-5672-6079 NR 65 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1086/529488 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800006 ER PT J AU Tilak, A Greenhill, LJ Done, C Madejski, G AF Tilak, Avanti Greenhill, Lincoln J. Done, Chris Madejski, Grzegorz TI A deep 0.3-10 keV spectrum of the H(2)O maser galaxy IC 2560 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (IC 2560); galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : Seyfert; masers ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; X-RAY-SPECTRA; CIRCINUS GALAXY; WATER MASER; XMM-NEWTON; ACCRETION DISKS; STAR-FORMATION; BLACK-HOLE; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; SEYFERT-GALAXIES AB We present a new XMM-Newton spectrum of the Seyfert 2 nucleus of IC 2560, which hosts H(2)O maser emission from an inclined Keplerian accretion disk. The X-ray spectrum shows soft excess due to multitemperature ionized plasma, a hard continuum, and strong emission features, from Mg, Si, S, Ca, Fe, and Ni, mainly due to fluorescence. It is consistent with reflection of the continuum from a mostly neutral medium and obscuration due to a high column density, > 10(24) cm(-2). The amplitude of the reflected component may exceed 10% of the central unobscured luminosity. This is higher than the reflected fraction of a few percent observed in other Seyfert 2 sources such as NGC 4945. We observe an emission line at 6.7 keV, possibly due to Fe xxv, undetected in previous Chandra observations. The absorption column density associated with this line is less than 10(23) cm(-2), which is lower than the obscuration of the central source. We hypothesize that this highly ionized Fe line emission originates in warm gas, which is also responsible for a scattered component of continuum emission that may dominate the spectrum between 1 and 3 keV. We compare X-ray and maser emission characteristics of IC 2560 and other AGNs that exhibit water maser emission originating in disk structures around central engines. The temperature for the region of the disk associated with maser action is consistent with the expected 400-1000 K range. The clumpiness of disk structures (inferred from the maser distribution) may depend on the unobscured luminosities of the central engines. C1 [Tilak, Avanti; Greenhill, Lincoln J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Done, Chris] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham, England. [Madejski, Grzegorz] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tilak, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM atilak@cfa.harvard.edu RI done, chris/D-4605-2016 OI done, chris/0000-0002-1065-7239 NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 701 EP 711 DI 10.1086/529537 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800016 ER PT J AU Park, SQ Barmby, P Fazio, GG Nandra, K Laird, ES Georgakakis, A Rosario, D Willner, SP Rieke, GH Ashby, MLN Ivison, RJ Coil, AL Miyazaki, S AF Park, S. Q. Barmby, P. Fazio, G. G. Nandra, K. Laird, E. S. Georgakakis, A. Rosario, D. Willner, S. P. Rieke, G. H. Ashby, M. L. N. Ivison, R. J. Coil, A. L. Miyazaki, S. TI Aegis: Radio and mid-infrared selection of obscured AGN candidates SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; infrared : galaxies; radio continuum : galaxies; X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; X-RAY SOURCES; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; EXTENDED GROTH STRIP; STAR-FORMATION RATE; EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES; INFRARED GALAXIES; SOURCE POPULATION AB The application of multiwavelength selection techniques is crucial for discovering a complete and unbiased set of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Here, we select a sample of 72 AGN candidates in the extended Groth strip (EGS) using deep radio and mid-infrared (mid-IR) data from the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Spitzer Space Telescope, and analyze their properties across other wavelengths. Only 30% of these sources are detected in deep 200 ks Chandra X-Ray Observatory pointings. The X-ray-detected sources demonstrate moderate obscuration with column densities of N-H greater than or similar to 10(22) cm(-2). A stacked image of sources undetected by Chandra shows low levels of X-ray activity, suggesting they may be faint or obscured AGNs. Less than 40% of our sample are selected as AGNs with optical broad lines, mid-IR power laws, or X-ray detections. Thus, if our candidates are indeed AGNs, then the radio/mid-IR selection criteria we use provide a powerful tool for identifying sources missed by other surveys. C1 [Park, S. Q.; Fazio, G. G.; Willner, S. P.; Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barmby, P.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Nandra, K.; Laird, E. S.; Georgakakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Rosario, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Rieke, G. H.; Coil, A. L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ivison, R. J.] Royal Observ, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Miyazaki, S.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Park, SQ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM spark@cfa.harvard.edu RI Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; Ivison, R./G-4450-2011; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Ivison, R./0000-0001-5118-1313; Georgakakis, Antonis/0000-0002-3514-2442 NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 744 EP 750 DI 10.1086/587136 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800019 ER PT J AU Miceli, A Rest, A Stubbs, CW Hawley, SL Cook, KH Magnier, EA Krisciunas, K Bowell, E Koehn, B AF Miceli, Antonino Rest, Armin Stubbs, Christopher W. Hawley, Suzanne L. Cook, Kem H. Magnier, Eugene A. Krisciunas, Kevin Bowell, Edward Koehn, Bruce TI Evidence for distinct components of the galactic stellar halo from 838 RR Lyrae stars discovered in the LONEOS-I survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : halos; galaxies : individual (Milky Way); galaxies : structure ID RR-LYRAE STARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; MILKY-WAY; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; OOSTERHOFF DICHOTOMY; METALLICITY RELATION; VARIABLE-STARS; 1ST CATALOG; KINEMATICS AB We present 838 ab-type RR Lyrae stars from the Lowell Observatory Near Earth Objects Survey Phase I (LONEOS-I). These objects cover 1430 deg(2) and span distances ranging from 3 to 30 kpc from the Galactic center. Object selection is based on phased, photometric data with 28-50 epochs. We use this large sample to explore the bulk properties of the stellar halo, including the spatial distribution. The period-amplitude distribution of this sample shows that the majority of these RR Lyrae stars resemble Oosterhoff type I, but there is a significant fraction (26%) which have longer periods and appear to be Oosterhoff type II. We find that the radial distributions of these two populations have significantly different profiles (rho(OoI) similar to R(-2.26 +/- 0.07) and rho(OoII) similar to R(-2.88 +/- 0.11)). This suggests that the stellar halo was formed by at least two distinct accretion processes and supports dual-halo models. C1 [Miceli, Antonino; Hawley, Suzanne L.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Miceli, Antonino] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rest, Armin] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Cerro Tololo Inter Amer Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Stubbs, Christopher W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stubbs, Christopher W.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cook, Kem H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Magnier, Eugene A.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Krisciunas, Kevin] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bowell, Edward; Koehn, Bruce] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Miceli, A (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM amiceli@astro.washington.edu; arest@ctio.noao.edu RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 60 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 865 EP 887 DI 10.1086/533484 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800027 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Krstic, PS Lee, TG Raymond, JC AF Schultz, D. R. Krstic, P. S. Lee, T. G. Raymond, J. C. TI Momentum transfer and viscosity from proton-hydrogen collisions relevant to shocks and other astrophysical environments SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; diffusion; ISM : atoms; ISM : clouds; supernova remnants; Sun : corona ID BALMER-DOMINATED SHOCKS; CLOSE-COUPLING METHOD; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SUPERNOVA REMNANT; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CROSS-SECTIONS; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; CYGNUS LOOP; SOLAR-WIND; IONIZATION AB The momentum transfer and viscosity cross sections for proton-hydrogen collisions are computed in the velocity range of similar to 200-20,000 km s(-1) relevant to a wide range of astrophysical environments such as supernova remnant shocks, solar wind, winds within young stellar objects or accretion disks, and interstellar protons interacting with the heliosphere. A variety of theoretical approaches are used to arrive at a best estimate of these cross sections in this velocity range that smoothly connect with very accurate results previously computed for lower velocities. Contributions to the momentum transfer and viscosity cross sections from both elastic scattering and charge transfer are included. C1 [Schultz, D. R.; Krstic, P. S.; Lee, T. G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Raymond, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lee, Teck Ghee/D-5037-2012 OI Lee, Teck Ghee/0000-0001-9472-3194 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 950 EP 960 DI 10.1086/533579 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800032 ER PT J AU Boogert, ACA Pontoppidan, KM Knez, C Lahuis, F Kessler-Silacci, J van Dishoeck, EF Blake, GA Augereau, JC Bisschop, SE Bottinelli, S Brooke, TY Brown, J Crapsi, A Evans, NJ Fraser, HJ Geers, V Huard, TL Jorgensen, JK Oberg, KI Allen, LE Harvey, PM Koerner, DW Mundy, LG Padgett, DL Sargent, AI Stapelfeldt, KR AF Boogert, A. C. A. Pontoppidan, K. M. Knez, C. Lahuis, F. Kessler-Silacci, J. van Dishoeck, E. F. Blake, G. A. Augereau, J. -C. Bisschop, S. E. Bottinelli, S. Brooke, T. Y. Brown, J. Crapsi, A. Evans, N. J., II Fraser, H. J. Geers, V. Huard, T. L. Jorgensen, J. K. Oberg, K. I. Allen, L. E. Harvey, P. M. Koerner, D. W. Mundy, L. G. Padgett, D. L. Sargent, A. I. Stapelfeldt, K. R. TI The c2d Spitzer spectroscopic survey of ices around low-mass young stellar objects. I. H2O and the 5-8 mu m bands SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; infrared : ISM; infrared : stars; ISM : abundances; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH IRS; ISO-SWS OBSERVATIONS; MU-M SPECTRUM; INTERSTELLAR ICE; SPACE-TELESCOPE; EMBEDDED PROTOSTARS; ABSORPTION FEATURES; SOLID METHANOL; MICRON SPECTRA; GRAIN MANTLES AB To study the physical and chemical evolution of ices in solar-mass systems, a spectral survey is conducted of a sample of 41 low-luminosity YSOs (L similar to 0.1-10 L-circle dot) using 3-38 mu m Spitzer and ground-based spectra. The sample is complemented with previously published Spitzer spectra of background stars and with ISO spectra of well-studied massive YSOs (L similar to 10(5) L-circle dot). The long-known 6.0 and 6.85 mu m bands are detected toward all sources, with the Class 0-type YSOs showing the deepest bands ever observed. The 6.0 mu m band is often deeper than expected from the bending mode of pure solid H2O. The additional 5-7 mu m absorption consists of five independent components, which, by comparison to laboratory studies, must be from at least eight different carriers. Much of this absorption is due to simple species likely formed by grain surface chemistry, at abundances of 1%-30% for CH3OH, 3%-8% for NH3, 1%-5% for HCOOH, similar to 6% for H2CO, and similar to 0.3% for HCOO- relative to solid H2O. The 6.85 mu m band has one or two carriers, of which one may be less volatile than H2O. Its carrier(s) formed early in the molecular cloud evolution and do not survive in the diffuse ISM. If an NH4+- containing salt is the carrier, its abundance relative to solid H2O is similar to 7%, demonstrating the efficiency of low-temperature acid-base chemistry or cosmic-ray-induced reactions. Possible origins are discussed for enigmatic, very broad absorption between 5 and 8 mu m. Finally, the same ices are observed toward massive and low-mass YSOs, indicating that processing by internal UV radiation fields is a minor factor in their early chemical evolution. C1 [Boogert, A. C. A.; Brown, J.; Sargent, A. I.] CALTECH, Div PMA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Boogert, A. C. A.] Gemini Sci Ctr, AURA NOAO S, La Serena, Chile. [Pontoppidan, K. M.; Blake, G. A.] CALTECH, Div GPS, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Knez, C.; Mundy, L. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lahuis, F.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Bisschop, S. E.; Bottinelli, S.; Crapsi, A.; Geers, V.; Oberg, K. I.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Lahuis, F.] Univ Groningen, SRON, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Kessler-Silacci, J.; Evans, N. J., II; Harvey, P. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Augereau, J. -C.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Grenoble, UMR 5571, Grenoble, France. [Brooke, T. Y.; Padgett, D. L.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fraser, H. J.] Univ Strathclyde, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, Dept Phys, Glasgow G4 ONG, Lanark, Scotland. [Huard, T. L.; Jorgensen, J. K.; Allen, L. E.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koerner, D. W.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Stapelfeldt, K. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Boogert, ACA (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA Herschel Sci Ctr, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM aboogert@ipac.caltech.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/L-7936-2014 OI Jorgensen, Jes Kristian/0000-0001-9133-8047 NR 82 TC 203 Z9 203 U1 1 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 985 EP 1004 DI 10.1086/533425 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800036 ER PT J AU Hughes, AM Wilner, DJ Qi, C Hogerheijde, MR AF Hughes, A. M. Wilner, D. J. Qi, C. Hogerheijde, M. R. TI Gas and dust emission at the outer edge of protoplanetary disks SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HERBIG AE STAR; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; KUIPER-BELT; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; HYDRAE ASSOCIATION; KEPLERIAN DISK; EVOLVED DUST; GM-AURIGAE AB We investigate the apparent discrepancy between gas and dust outer radii derived from millimeter observations of protoplanetary disks. Using 230 and 345 GHz continuum and CO J = 3-2 data from the Submillimeter Array for four nearby disk systems (HD 163296, TW Hydrae, GM Aurigae, and MWC 480), we examine models of circumstellar disk structure and the effects of their treatment of the outer disk edge. We show that for these disks, models described by power laws in surface density and temperature that are truncated at an outer radius are incapable of reproducing both the gas and dust emission simultaneously: the outer radius derived from the dust continuum emission is always significantly smaller than the extent of the molecular gas disk traced by CO emission. However, a simple model motivated by similarity solutions of the time evolution of accretion disks that includes a tapered exponential edge in the surface density distribution (and the same number of free parameters) does much better at reproducing both the gas and dust emission. While this analysis does not rule out the disparate radii implied by the truncated power law models, a realistic alternative disk model, grounded in the physics of accretion, provides a consistent picture for the extent of both the gas and dust. C1 [Hughes, A. M.; Wilner, D. J.; Qi, C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hogerheijde, M. R.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Hughes, AM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mhughes@cfa.harvard.edu NR 50 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 1119 EP 1126 DI 10.1086/586730 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800045 ER PT J AU Vrtilek, SD Boroson, BS Hunacek, A Gies, D Bolton, CT AF Vrtilek, S. D. Boroson, B. S. Hunacek, A. Gies, D. Bolton, C. T. TI Ultraviolet observations of the X-ray photoionized wind of Cygnus X-1 during X-ray soft/high state SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE black hole physics; ultraviolet : stars ID TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ORBITAL MODULATION; ABSORPTION-LINES; ALPHA EMISSION; BINARY-SYSTEM; STELLAR WIND; LMC X-4; MASS; VARIABILITY AB High-resolution ultraviolet observations of Cygnus X-1 were obtained at two epochs roughly 1 year apart using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Orbital phase ranges around phi(orb) = 0 and 0.5 were covered at each epoch, and the spectra show P Cygni line features from high (N V, C IV, Si IV) and absorption lines from low (Si II, C II) ionization state material. The high-ionization P Cygni profiles show a marked dependence on orbital phase; strong, broad absorption components when the X-ray source is behind the companion star and noticeably weaker absorption when the X-ray source is between us and the companion star. We fit the P Cygni profiles using the Sobolev with exact integration method applied to a spherically symmetric stellar wind subject to X-ray photoionization from the black hole. Of the wind-formed lines, the Si IV doublet provides the most reliable estimates of the parameters of the wind and X-ray illumination. The velocity v increases with radius r (normalized to the stellar radius) according to v = v(infinity)(1 - r(*)/r)(beta), with beta approximate to 0.75 and v(infinity) approximate to 1420 km s(-1). Our fit implies a ratio of X-ray luminosity (in units of 10(38) erg s(-1)) to wind mass-loss rate (in units of 10(-6)M(circle dot) yr(-1)) of L(X,38)/M(-6) approximate to 0.033, measured at. M(-6) = 4.8. Our models determine parameters that may be used to estimate the accretion rate onto the black hole and independently predict the X-ray luminosity. Our predicted L(X) matches that determined by contemporaneous RXTE ASM remarkably well, but is a factor of 3 lower than the rate according to Bondi-Hoyle-Littleton spherical wind accretion. We suggest that some of the energy of accretion may go into powering a jet. C1 [Vrtilek, S. D.; Boroson, B. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hunacek, A.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gies, D.] Georgia State Univ, Ctr High Angular Resolut Astron, Dept Phys & Astron, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Bolton, C. T.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. RP Vrtilek, SD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM svrtilek@cfa.harvard.edu NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 1248 EP 1262 DI 10.1086/586692 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800057 ER PT J AU Ford, EB Quinn, SN Veras, D AF Ford, Eric B. Quinn, Samuel N. Veras, Dimitri TI Characterizing the orbital eccentricities of transiting extrasolar planets with photometric observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; methods : statistical; planetary systems; planetary systems : formation; planets and satellites : general; techniques : photometric ID LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; TIDAL EVOLUTION; NEARBY STARS; COOL STARS; SYSTEMS; PERIOD; CIRCULARIZATION; PARAMETERS; BINARY AB The discovery of over 200 extrasolar planets with the radial velocity (RV) technique has revealed that many giant planets have large eccentricities, in striking contrast with most of the planets in the solar system and prior theories of planet formation. The realization that many giant planets have large eccentricities raises a fundamental question: "Do terrestrial-size planets of other stars typically have significantly eccentric orbits or nearly circular orbits like the Earth?'' Here we demonstrate that photometric observations of transiting planets could be used to characterize the orbital eccentricities for individual transiting planets, as well as the eccentricity distribution for various populations of transiting planets (e. g., those with a certain range of orbital periods or physical sizes). Such characterizations can provide valuable constraints on theories for the excitation of eccentricities and tidal dissipation. We outline the future prospects of the technique given the exciting prospects for future transit searches, such as those to be carried out by the COROT and Kepler missions. C1 [Ford, Eric B.; Quinn, Samuel N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ford, Eric B.; Veras, Dimitri] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Veras, Dimitri] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Veras, Dimitri] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ford, EB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Mail Stop 51,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI /0000-0001-6545-639X NR 52 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 1407 EP 1418 DI 10.1086/587046 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800071 ER PT J AU Cranmer, SR Panasyuk, AV Kohl, JL AF Cranmer, Steven R. Panasyuk, Alexander V. Kohl, John L. TI Improved constraints on the preferential heating and acceleration of oxygen ions in the extended solar corona SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; plasmas; solar wind; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation; techniques : spectroscopic ID VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION ANISOTROPY; ELECTRON-DENSITY STRATIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL FLOW SPEEDS; WIND MINOR IONS; R-CIRCLE-DOT; LINE-PROFILES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PLASMA PARAMETERS; CHARGE STATES AB We present a detailed analysis of oxygen ion velocity distributions in the extended solar corona, based on observations made with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the SOHO spacecraft. Polar coronal holes exhibit broad line widths and unusual intensity ratios of the O VI lambda lambda 1032, 1037 emission-line doublet. A traditional interpretation of these features is that oxygen ions have a strong temperature anisotropy, with the temperature perpendicular to the magnetic field being much larger than the temperature parallel to the field. However, recent work by Raouafi and Solanki suggested it may be possible to model the observations using an isotropic velocity distribution. In this paper we analyze an expanded data set to show that the original interpretation of an anisotropic distribution is the only one fully consistent with the observations. It is necessary to search the full range of ion plasma parameters to determine the values with the highest probability of agreement with the UVCS data. The derived ion outflow speeds and perpendicular kinetic temperatures are consistent with earlier results, and there continues to be strong evidence for preferential ion heating and acceleration with respect to hydrogen. At heliocentric heights above 2.1 solar radii, every UVCS data point is more consistent with an anisotropic distribution than with an isotropic distribution. At heights above 3 solar radii, the exact probability of isotropy depends on the electron density chosen to simulate the line-of-sight distribution of O vi emissivity. The most realistic electron densities ( which decrease steeply from 3 to 6 solar radii) produce the lowest probabilities of isotropy and most probable temperature anisotropy ratios that exceed 10. C1 [Cranmer, Steven R.; Panasyuk, Alexander V.; Kohl, John L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 85 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP 1480 EP 1497 DI 10.1086/586890 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294XE UT WOS:000255438800076 ER PT J AU Andrews, SM Hughes, AM Wilner, DJ Qi, CH AF Andrews, Sean M. Hughes, A. M. Wilner, D. J. Qi, Chunhua TI The structure of the DoAr 25 circumstellar disk SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : individual (DoAr 25); stars : pre-main-sequence ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; T-TAURI STARS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; P-OPHIUCHI CLOUD; RHO-OPHIUCHI; DUST EMISSION; HL TAURI; ACCRETION; POPULATION; MM AB We present high spatial resolution (<= 0.3'' approximate to 40 AU) Submillimeter Array observations of the 865 mm continuum emission from the circumstellar disk around the young star DoAr 25. Despite its bright millimeter emission, this source exhibits only a comparatively small infrared excess and low accretion rate, suggesting that the material and structural properties of the inner disk may be in an advanced state of evolution. A simple model of the physical conditions in the disk is derived from the submillimeter visibilities and the complete spectral energy distribution using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. For the standard assumption of a homogeneous grain size distribution at all disk radii, the results indicate a shallow surface density profile, Sigma proportional to r(-p) with p approximate to 0.34, significantly less steep than a steady-state accretion disk (p = 1) or the often adopted minimum mass solar nebula (p = 1.5). Even though the total mass of material is large (M-d approximate to 0.10 M-circle dot), the densities inferred in the inner disk for such a model may be too low to facilitate any mode of planet formation. However, alternative models with steeper density gradients (p approximate to 1) can explain the observations equally well if substantial grain growth in the planet formation region (r <= 40 AU) has occurred. We discuss these data in the context of such models with dust properties that vary with radius and highlight their implications for understanding disk evolution and the early stages of planet formation. C1 [Andrews, Sean M.; Hughes, A. M.; Wilner, D. J.; Qi, Chunhua] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Andrews, SM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sandrews@cfa.harvard.edu; mhughes@cfa.harvard.edu; dwilner@cfa.harvard.edu; cqi@cfa.harvard.edu NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP L133 EP L136 DI 10.1086/588730 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AP UT WOS:000255239100015 ER PT J AU Ayres, TR Judge, PG Saar, SH Schmitt, JHMM AF Ayres, Thomas R. Judge, Philip G. Saar, Steven H. Schmitt, Juergen H. M. M. TI The fainting of alpha centauri a, resolved SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries : visual; stars : coronae; stars : individual (HD 128620, HD 128621); X-rays : stars ID X-RAYS; VARIABILITY; EMISSION; SYSTEM; STARS; AXAF AB Beginning in 2003, XMM-Newton snapshot monitoring of a Centauri (HD 128620, 128621: G2 V, K1 V) documented a steady fading of the primary's X-ray corona, which had all but disappeared by early 2005. The steep decline L-x in was at odds with the previous two decades of high-energy measurements, which showed only modest variability of the Sun-like star. A Chandra LETGS spectrum in 2007 June, however, fully resolved the source of the curious X-ray darkening: a depletion of plasma above similar to 2 MK had substantially depressed the line spectrum where the XMM-Newton response peaks (lambda less than or similar to 30 angstrom), even though the overall coronal luminosity, dominated by longer wavelength emissions, had declined only slightly. This is reminiscent of the Sun's magnetic activity cycle, where the 2-3 MK active regions of sunspot maximum give way to the spatially pervasive, but cycle-independent, 1 MK "quiet corona" at minimum. This emphasizes that any discussion of cyclic coronal variability in low-activity stars will depend crucially on the energy coverage of the measurements. C1 [Ayres, Thomas R.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Judge, Philip G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Saar, Steven H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schmitt, Juergen H. M. M.] Univ Hamburg, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Ayres, TR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM thomas.ayres@colorado.edu; judge@hao.ucar.edu; saar@cfa.harvard.edu; st8h101@hs.uni-hamburg.de NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP L121 EP L124 DI 10.1086/588581 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AP UT WOS:000255239100012 ER PT J AU Blake, CH Charbonneau, D White, RJ Torres, G Marley, MS Saumon, D AF Blake, Cullen H. Charbonneau, David White, Russel J. Torres, Guillermo Marley, Mark S. Saumon, Didier TI A spectroscopic binary at the M/L transition SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; techniques : radial velocities ID LOW-MASS STARS; BROWN DWARFS; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; VELOCITIES; ALGORITHM; DISCOVERY; ELEMENTS; PLANETS; CLOUDS; SYSTEM AB We report the discovery of a single-lined spectroscopic binary with an ultracool dwarf (UCD) primary with a spectral type between M8 and L0.5. This system was discovered during the course of an ongoing survey to monitor L dwarfs for radial velocity variations and is the first known small-separation (a < 1 AU) spectroscopic binary among dwarfs at the M/L transition. Based on radial velocity measurements with a typical precision of 300 m s(-1), we estimate the orbital parameters of this system to be P = 246.73 +/- 0.49 days, a(1) sin i = 0.159 +/- 0.003 AU, and M-2 sin i = 0.2062(M-1 + M-2)(2/3) +/- 0.0034 M-circle dot. Assuming a primary mass of M-1 = 0.08M(circle dot) (based on spectral type), we estimate the secondary minimum mass to be M-2 sin i = 0.054 M-circle dot. With future photometric, spectroscopic, and interferometric observations it may be possible to determine the dynamical masses of both components directly, making this system one of the best-characterized UCD binaries known. C1 [Blake, Cullen H.; Charbonneau, David; Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [White, Russel J.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Saumon, Didier] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blake, CH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM cblake@cfa.harvard.edu RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP L125 EP L128 DI 10.1086/588754 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AP UT WOS:000255239100013 ER PT J AU Keto, E Klaassen, P AF Keto, Eric Klaassen, Pamela TI The ionization of accretion flows in high-mass star formation: W51e2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE HII regions ID H-II REGIONS; DYNAMICAL COLLAPSE; FORMING REGION; HII-REGIONS; EVOLUTION; DISKS; G10.6-0.4; CORES; PHOTOEVAPORATION; PROTOSTARS AB Previous observations show that the hypercompact H II region W51e2 is surrounded by a massive molecular accretion flow centered on the H II region. New observations of the H53 alpha radio recombination line made with the VLA at 0.45'' angular resolution show a velocity gradient in the ionized gas within the H II region of 1500 km s(-1) pc(-1) comparable to the velocity gradient seen in the molecular accretion flow. New CO line observations made with the SMA at arcsecond angular resolution detect a molecular bipolar outflow immediately around the W51e2 H II region and extending along the axis of rotation of the molecular flow. These observations are consistent with an evolutionary phase of high-mass star formation in which a newly formed massive star first begins to ionize its surroundings including its own accretion flow. C1 [Keto, Eric] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Klaassen, Pamela] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Keto, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM keto@cfa.harvard.edu; klaassp@physics.mcmaster.ca NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 2 BP L109 EP L112 DI 10.1086/588657 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AP UT WOS:000255239100009 ER PT J AU Ikegami, M Whigham, DF Werger, MJA AF Ikegami, Makihiko Whigham, Dennis F. Werger, Marinus J. A. TI Optimal biomass allocation in heterogeneous environments in a clonal plant - Spatial division of labor SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE biomass allocation; clonal plant; division of labor; heterogeneous environment; optimization model ID MORPHOLOGICAL PLASTICITY; RESOURCE ACQUISITION; WATER RELATIONS; GROWTH; TRANSLOCATION; HABITATS; RAMETS; LEAF AB When interconnected ramets of clonal plants are growing in heterogeneous environments, ramets may specialize to uptake locally abundant resources rather than scarce resources. This biomass allocation pattern may result in more efficient sharing of resources through physiological integration and an overall benefit to the plants (spatial division of labor; DOL). For specialization, allocating the largest biomass to organs growing under a resource rich condition while allocating least biomass to organs under a resource poor condition could be profitable, but empirical studies showed those allocation patterns are hardly to be observed. To evaluate the degree of specialization of DoL, we constructed a simple plant growth model in sets of two ramets, physiologically interconnected or independent, growing in different environments. The model is designed to determine an optimal biomass allocation and an optimal water transport within a ramet. The model also maximizes total biomass acquisition for connected ramets. In our model, the degree of specialization of ramets is determined by the interplay among the costs of water transport, the contrast in resource availability and the efficiency of resource capturing per unit biomass. If two ramets growing independently then each ramet allocates biomass to the organ that captures the locally scarce resource and two ramets achieve a lower biomass in a patch with a higher contrast in resource availabilities. The interconnected two ramets showed DoL if the benefit through the DoL is larger than the costs of water transportation. Interconnected ramets showed DoL if the benefit of Dol, is greater than the costs of water transport. When interconnected ramets show DoL, each ramet allocates biomass to the organ that captures the locally abundant resource and the pair achieves higher total biomass in patches with a higher contrast in resource availabilities. The degree of specialization increases as the contrast in resource availabilities increases, and full specialization occurs when the contrast is high. We also find that the efficiencies in resource capturing per unit biomass of each organ are important. When an organ of a ramet reaches a larger size, the efficiencies in resource capturing per unit biomass decreases. A small organ growing under low resource conditions may capture more resources per unit biomass than a large organ growing under high resource conditions; as a result the modeled plant also allocates biomass to the organ growing under low resource conditions. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ikegami, Makihiko; Whigham, Dennis F.; Werger, Marinus J. A.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Plant Ecol, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands. [Ikegami, Makihiko; Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Ikegami, M (reprint author), Biometr Tree Hlth Div, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham GU10 4LH, Surrey, England. EM makihiko@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp RI IKEGAMI, Makihiko/E-6612-2012; OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 35 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 213 IS 2 BP 156 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.11.016 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295CW UT WOS:000255453600002 ER PT J AU Evans, NM Lindner, A Raikova, EV Collins, AG Cartwright, P AF Evans, Nathaniel M. Lindner, Alberto Raikova, Ekaterina V. Collins, Allen G. Cartwright, Paulyn TI Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme, within the Phylum Cnidaria SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; MYXOZOA; USSOV; BUDDENBROCKIA; COELENTERATE; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; ACCURACY; POSITION AB Background: Polypodium hydriforme is a parasite with an unusual life cycle and peculiar morphology, both of which have made its systematic position uncertain. Polypodium has traditionally been considered a cnidarian because it possesses nematocysts, the stinging structures characteristic of this phylum. However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies using 18S rDNA sequence data have challenged this interpretation, and have shown that Polypodium is a close relative to myxozoans and together they share a closer affinity to bilaterians than cnidarians. Due to the variable rates of 18S rDNA sequences, these results have been suggested to be an artifact of long-branch attraction ( LBA). A recent study, using multiple protein coding markers, shows that the myxozoan Buddenbrockia, is nested within cnidarians. Polypodium was not included in this study. To further investigate the phylogenetic placement of Polypodium, we have performed phylogenetic analyses of metazoans with 18S and partial 28S rDNA sequences in a large dataset that includes Polypodium and a comprehensive sampling of cnidarian taxa. Results: Analyses of a combined dataset of 18S and partial 28S sequences, and partial 28S alone, support the placement of Polypodium within Cnidaria. Removal of the long-branched myxozoans from the 18S dataset also results in Polypodium being nested within Cnidaria. These results suggest that previous reports showing that Polypodium and Myxozoa form a sister group to Bilateria were an artifact of long-branch attraction. Conclusion: By including 28S rDNA sequences and a comprehensive sampling of cnidarian taxa, we demonstrate that previously conflicting hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic placement of Polypodium can be reconciled. Specifically, the data presented provide evidence that Polypodium is indeed a cnidarian and is either the sister taxon to Hydrozoa, or part of the hydrozoan clade, Leptothecata. The former hypothesis is consistent with the traditional view that Polypodium should be placed in its own cnidarian class, Polypodiozoa. C1 [Evans, Nathaniel M.; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab,Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Raikova, Ekaterina V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. [Lindner, Alberto] Univ Sao Paulo, CEBIMar, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil. RP Cartwright, P (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evansnat@ku.edu; alindner@usp.br; raikova@swipnet.se; COLLINSA@si.edu; pcart@ku.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Lindner, Alberto/E-1946-2013; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Raikova, Ekaterina/0000-0002-0492-7781; Evans, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4524-372X NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 139 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-139 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 308PK UT WOS:000256402300001 PM 18471296 ER PT J AU Froidevaux, L Jiang, YB Lambert, A Livesey, NJ Read, WG Waters, JW Browell, EV Hair, JW Avery, MA Mcgee, TJ Twigg, LW Sumnicht, GK Jucks, KW Margitan, JJ Sen, B Stachnik, RA Toon, GC Bernath, PF Boone, CD Walker, KA Filipiak, MJ Harwood, RS Fuller, RA Manney, GL Schwartz, MJ Daffer, WH Drouin, BJ Cofield, RE Cuddy, DT Jarnot, RF Knosp, BW Perun, VS Snyder, WV Stek, PC Thurstans, RP Wagner, PA AF Froidevaux, L. Jiang, Y. B. Lambert, A. Livesey, N. J. Read, W. G. Waters, J. W. Browell, E. V. Hair, J. W. Avery, M. A. Mcgee, T. J. Twigg, L. W. Sumnicht, G. K. Jucks, K. W. Margitan, J. J. Sen, B. Stachnik, R. A. Toon, G. C. Bernath, P. F. Boone, C. D. Walker, K. A. Filipiak, M. J. Harwood, R. S. Fuller, R. A. Manney, G. L. Schwartz, M. J. Daffer, W. H. Drouin, B. J. Cofield, R. E. Cuddy, D. T. Jarnot, R. F. Knosp, B. W. Perun, V. S. Snyder, W. V. Stek, P. C. Thurstans, R. P. Wagner, P. A. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder stratospheric ozone measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; EOS MLS; REMOTE MEASUREMENTS; SATELLITE; PROFILES; SYSTEM; SPECTROMETER; RETRIEVAL; QUALITY; MODEL AB The Earth Observing System (EOS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite has provided essentially daily global measurements of ozone (O-3) profiles from the upper troposphere to the upper mesosphere since August of 2004. This paper focuses on validation of the MLS stratospheric standard ozone product and its uncertainties, as obtained from the 240 GHz radiometer measurements, with a few results concerning mesospheric ozone. We compare average differences and scatter from matched MLS version 2.2 profiles and coincident ozone profiles from other satellite instruments, as well as from aircraft lidar measurements taken during Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) campaigns. Ozone comparisons are also made between MLS and balloon-borne remote and in situ sensors. We provide a detailed characterization of random and systematic uncertainties for MLS ozone. We typically find better agreement in the comparisons using MLS version 2.2 ozone than the version 1.5 data. The agreement and the MLS uncertainty estimates in the stratosphere are often of the order of 5%, with values closer to 10% (and occasionally 20%) at the lowest stratospheric altitudes, where small positive MLS biases can be found. There is very good agreement in the latitudinal distributions obtained from MLS and from coincident profiles from other satellite instruments, as well as from aircraft lidar data along the MLS track. C1 [Froidevaux, L.; Jiang, Y. B.; Lambert, A.; Livesey, N. J.; Read, W. G.; Waters, J. W.; Margitan, J. J.; Sen, B.; Stachnik, R. A.; Toon, G. C.; Fuller, R. A.; Manney, G. L.; Schwartz, M. J.; Daffer, W. H.; Drouin, B. J.; Cofield, R. E.; Cuddy, D. T.; Jarnot, R. F.; Knosp, B. W.; Perun, V. S.; Snyder, W. V.; Stek, P. C.; Thurstans, R. P.; Wagner, P. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Browell, E. V.; Hair, J. W.; Avery, M. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Mcgee, T. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Twigg, L. W.; Sumnicht, G. K.] Sci Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Jucks, K. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bernath, P. F.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bernath, P. F.; Boone, C. D.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Filipiak, M. J.; Harwood, R. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Old Coll, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Froidevaux, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lucien.froidevaux@jpl.nasa.gov RI Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; McGee, Thomas/G-4951-2013; Schwartz, Michael/F-5172-2016 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0001-6169-5094 NR 56 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S20 DI 10.1029/2007JD008771 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300ML UT WOS:000255827800002 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI Keep watching the skies! The story of operation moonwatch and the dawn of space age SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gingerich, Owen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 8 PY 2008 VL 453 IS 7192 BP 156 EP 156 DI 10.1038/453156a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 297BP UT WOS:000255592400017 ER PT J AU Orton, GS Yanamandra-Fisher, PA Fisher, BM Friedson, AJ Parrish, PD Nelson, JF Bauermeister, AS Fletcher, L Gezari, DY Varosi, F Tokunaga, AT Caldwell, J Baines, KH Hora, JL Ressler, ME Fujiyoshi, T Fuse, T Hagopian, H Martin, TZ Bergstralh, JT Howett, C Hoffmann, WF Deutsch, LK Van Cleve, JE Noe, E Adams, JD Kassis, M Tollestrup, E AF Orton, Glenn S. Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A. Fisher, Brendan M. Friedson, A. James Parrish, Paul D. Nelson, Jesse F. Bauermeister, Amber Swenson Fletcher, Leigh Gezari, Daniel Y. Varosi, Frank Tokunaga, Alan T. Caldwell, John Baines, Kevin H. Hora, Joseph L. Ressler, Michael E. Fujiyoshi, Takuya Fuse, Tetsuharu Hagopian, Hagop Martin, Terry Z. Bergstralh, Jay T. Howett, Carly Hoffmann, William F. Deutsch, Lynne K. Van Cleve, Jeffrey E. Noe, Eldar Adams, Joseph D. Kassis, Marc Tollestrup, Eric TI Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn's low-latitude stratospheric temperatures SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID JUPITERS STRATOSPHERE AB Observations of oscillations of temperature and wind in planetary atmospheres provide a means of generalizing models for atmospheric dynamics in a diverse set of planets in the Solar System and elsewhere. An equatorial oscillation similar to one in the Earth's atmosphere(1,2) has been discovered in Jupiter(3-6). Here we report the existence of similar oscillations in Saturn's atmosphere, from an analysis of over two decades of spatially resolved observations of its 7.8-mu m methane and 12.2-mu m ethane stratospheric emissions, where we compare zonal- mean stratospheric brightness temperatures at planetographic latitudes of 3.6 degrees and 15.5 degrees in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. These results support the interpretation of vertical and meridional variability of temperatures in Saturn's stratosphere(7) as a manifestation of a wave phenomenon similar to that on the Earth and in Jupiter. The period of this oscillation is 14.8+/-1.2 terrestrial years, roughly half of Saturn's year, suggesting the influence of seasonal forcing, as is the case with the Earth's semi- annual oscillation(1). C1 [Orton, Glenn S.; Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A.; Fisher, Brendan M.; Friedson, A. James; Fletcher, Leigh; Baines, Kevin H.; Ressler, Michael E.; Martin, Terry Z.; Noe, Eldar] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Parrish, Paul D.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Nelson, Jesse F.] Univ Maine, Dept Phys & Astron, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Bauermeister, Amber Swenson] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gezari, Daniel Y.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Varosi, Frank] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tokunaga, Alan T.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Caldwell, John] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Hora, Joseph L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fujiyoshi, Takuya; Fuse, Tetsuharu] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Hagopian, Hagop] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bergstralh, Jay T.] Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Howett, Carly] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Hoffmann, William F.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Van Cleve, Jeffrey E.] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Civil Space Syst, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. [Adams, Joseph D.] Dept Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kassis, Marc] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Tollestrup, Eric] NASA, Infrared Telescope Facil, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96822 USA. RP Orton, GS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 169-237,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM glenn.orton@jpl.nasa.gov RI Fletcher, Leigh/D-6093-2011; OI Fletcher, Leigh/0000-0001-5834-9588; Hora, Joseph/0000-0002-5599-4650 NR 12 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 8 PY 2008 VL 453 IS 7192 BP 196 EP 199 DI 10.1038/nature06897 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 297BP UT WOS:000255592400033 PM 18464736 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI Space stations for the United States: An idea whose time has come-and gone? SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Review DE space stations; NASA; space program; International Space Station; Mir; Skylab; Space Shuttle AB While the first space station in American culture was described in an 1869 work of fiction in the Atlantic Monthly, in the twentieth century the idea proliferated through all cultures as the sine qua non enabling technology for space exploration. In the latter part of the 1960s many in the leadership of NASA realized that the kind of resources that had been made available for the sprint to the Moon that was Project Apollo would not be repeated. They turned to advocating the development of major projects that would create for the United States a permanent infrastructure in space, and eventually the capability to leave Earth permanently. This involved as its centerpieces the development of an orbital workshop leading to a space station, and a reusable vehicle to transport people and cargo to and from Earth orbit with a modicum of efficiency. This found realization through the building of the International Space Station (ISS) at the end of the century. But even as ISS became a reality, on February 1, 2003, its role was made tenuous by the loss of the Columbia space shuttle and the grounding of the fleet. On January 14, 2004, moreover, President George W. Bush announced a reorientation of NASA's programs to emphasize a return to the Moon and a human expedition to Mars. In that context, he advocated the retirement of the Space Shuttle by 2010 and the ending of U.S. involvement in ISS before C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, POB 37012,NASM Room 3556,MRC 311, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM launiusr@si.edu NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 62 IS 10-11 BP 539 EP 555 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.02.014 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 315IS UT WOS:000256872600001 ER PT J AU Logue, DM Chalmers, C Gowland, AH AF Logue, David M. Chalmers, Carli Gowland, A. Heather TI The behavioural mechanisms underlying temporal coordination in black-bellied wren duets SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE answering rule; antiphonal song; behavioural mechanism; black-bellied wren; bird song; sexual dimorphism; cooperative territory defence; coordinated behaviour; Pheugopedius (Thryothorus) fasciatoventris ID THRYOTHORUS-NIGRICAPILLUS; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; SONG STRUCTURE; DUETTING WREN; MATE AB Duetting is a form of animal communication in which two individuals produce temporally coordinated vocal signals. Describing the individual-level patterns of behaviour that structure duets is an integral step towards understanding the adaptive function(s) of duet participation. We investigated the. ne scale timing of duet contributions in male and female black-bellied wrens, Pheugopedius fasciatoventris, by analysing recorded duets and by stimulating birds to 'duet' with recorded songs in the field. Previous research on this species revealed that most duets consist of alternating male and female phrases, and that females abide by individually distinctive 'duet codes', which link each male phrase type with a specific answer from the female's repertoire. In the present analysis, we found that the timing of male duet phrases was primarily influenced by the time that the prior female phrase began, and secondarily influenced by an internal tempo. Female phrase timing, however, was most strongly influenced by the time that the prior male song ended, and secondarily influenced by the female's internal tempo. The average answering time for both sexes was less than 0.08 s before the end of the mate's prior phrase. Coordination at the beginning of the duet appears to limit duet length; duets with large gaps or overlapping phrases were always short. We conclude that both sexes make 'on-the-spot' adjustments in timing that function to minimize gaps and overlap between duet phrases. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that well-coordinated duets benefit both partners by communicating that their shared territory will be defended by a high-quality defensive coalition. (c) 2008 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Logue, David M.; Chalmers, Carli; Gowland, A. Heather] Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. [Logue, David M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Logue, DM (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, 4401 Univ Dr, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM david.logue@uleth.ca NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 75 BP 1803 EP 1808 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.10.036 PN 5 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 300PW UT WOS:000255838700021 ER PT J AU Masters, KL Springob, CM Huchra, JP AF Masters, Karen L. Springob, Christopher M. Huchra, John P. TI 2MTF. I. The Tully-Fisher relation in the two micron all sky survey J, H, and K bands SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE distance scale; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : fundamental parameters; infrared : galaxies ID VELOCITY-WIDTH RELATION; URSA-MAJOR CLUSTER; MILKY-WAY; INTERNAL EXTINCTION; PECULIAR VELOCITIES; ROTATIONAL WIDTHS; BIAS CORRECTIONS; LOCAL UNIVERSE; DISTANCE SCALE; LINE WIDTHS AB The Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) Tully-Fisher Survey (2MTF) aims to measure Tully-Fisher (TF) distances to all bright inclined spirals in the 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS). Essential to this project is a universal calibration of the TF relation in the 2MASS J (1.2 mu m), H (1.6 mu m), and K (2.2 mu m) bands. We present the first bias-corrected or universal TF template in these bands. We find that the slope of the TF relation becomes steeper as the wavelength increases being close to L proportional to upsilon(4) in the K band and L proportional to upsilon(3.6) in the J and H bands. We also investigate the dependence on galaxy morphology showing that in all three bands the relation is steeper for later-type spirals which also have a dimmer TF zero point than earlier-type spirals. We correct the final relation to that for Sc galaxies. Finally we study the scatter from the TF relation fitting for a width-dependent intrinsic scatter which is not found to vary significantly with wavelength. C1 [Masters, Karen L.; Huchra, John P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Springob, Christopher M.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div Code 7213, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Springob, Christopher M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Masters, KL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kmasters@cfa.harvard.edu OI Masters, Karen/0000-0003-0846-9578 NR 34 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1738 EP 1748 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1738 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294LO UT WOS:000255407700009 ER PT J AU Lacy, CHS Torres, G Claret, A AF Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg Torres, Guillermo Claret, Antonio TI Absolute properties of the main-sequence eclipsing binary star GX Geminorum: Constraints on convective core overshooting SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; binaries : spectroscopic; stars : evolution; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : individual (GX Geminorum) ID LIMB-DARKENING COEFFICIENTS; LIGHT CURVES; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; SYNCHRONIZATION TIMES; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; PHOTOMETRY; CIRCULARIZATION; UVBY AB We present 12,155 new differential photometric observations in the V filter made with the Undergraduate Research Studies in Astronomy and NF\Observatory WebScopes, as well as 33 radial velocities from spectroscopic observations of the detached, 4.04 day double-lined eclipsing binary star GX Gem. Absolute dimensions of the components are determined from these new, and also from previously published, data with high precision ( less than 0.7% in the masses and radii) for the purpose of testing various aspects of theoretical modeling. We obtain 1.488 +/- 0.011 solar masses and 2.327 +/- 0.012 solar radii for the primary, and 1.467 +/- 0.010 solar masses and 2.238 +/- 0.012 solar radii for the secondary. The effective temperatures and interstellar reddening of the stars are accurately determined from the spectra, uvby beta, and UBV photometry: 6195 +/- 100 K for the primary, 6165 +/- 100 K for the secondary, corresponding to spectral types of F7 and F7 V, and 0.068 mag for the color excess Eb - y. Spectral line widths give rotational velocities that are synchronous with the mean orbital motion in a circular orbit. The components of GX Gem are relatively old main-sequence stars with an age of about 2.8 billion years according to models. Because the components are located right at the end of their main-sequence evolutionary paths, we can place good limits on the convective core overshooting parameter. The lowest value of alpha(ov) consistent with the observations would appear to be approximately alpha(ov) = 0.18. Two different theories of tidal synchronization and circularization agree that the components should be synchronously rotating, but disagree about whether or not the orbits should be circular. C1 [Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Claret, Antonio] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. RP Lacy, CHS (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM clacy@uark.edu; gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; claret@iaa.es NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1757 EP 1765 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1757 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294LO UT WOS:000255407700011 ER PT J AU Croft, S Van Breugel, W Brown, MJI de Vries, W Dey, A Eisenhardt, P Jannuzi, B Rottgering, HR Stanford, SA Stern, D Willner, SP AF Croft, Steve Van Breugel, Wil Brown, Michael J. I. de Vries, Wim Dey, Arjun Eisenhardt, Peter Jannuzi, Buell Rottgering, Huub R. Stanford, S. A. Stern, Daniel Willner, S. P. TI Radio-loud high-redshift protogalaxy candidates in Bootes SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; RAY SOURCE CATALOG; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; 1.4 GHZ; LUMINOSITY; TELESCOPE; XBOOTES AB We used the Near Infrared Camera on Keck I to obtain K-s-band images of four candidate high-redshift radio lgalaxies selected using optical and radio data in the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey in Bootes. Our targets have 1.4 GHz radio flux densities greater than 1 mJy, but are undetected in the optical to greater than or similar to 24 Vega mag. Spectral energy distribution fitting suggests that three of these objects are at z > 3, with radio luminosities near the FR-I/FR-II break. The other has photometric redshift z(phot) = 1.2, but may in fact be at higher redshift. Two of the four objects exhibit diffuse morphologies in K-s-band, suggesting that they are still in the process of forming. C1 [Croft, Steve; Van Breugel, Wil; de Vries, Wim; Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Croft, Steve; Van Breugel, Wil] Univ Calif Merced, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Croft, Steve; de Vries, Wim; Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Croft, Steve] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, Michael J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Dey, Arjun; Jannuzi, Buell] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Eisenhardt, Peter; Stern, Daniel] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rottgering, Huub R.] Leiden Observ, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. [Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Croft, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015; OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137; Croft, Steve/0000-0003-4823-129X NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1793 EP 1802 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1793 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294LO UT WOS:000255407700014 ER PT J AU Rines, K Geller, MJ AF Rines, Kenneth Geller, Margaret J. TI Spectroscopic determination of the luminosity function in the galaxy clusters A2199 and Virgo SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics ID REGION NEARBY SURVEY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ULTRACOMPACT DWARF GALAXIES; COMA CLUSTER; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; INFALL REGION; FORNAX CLUSTER; MASS PROFILES; FAINT-END; RADIAL-VELOCITIES AB We report a new determination of the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function (LF) in the nearby clusters Abell 2199 and Virgo using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Hectospec multifiber spectrograph on the MMT. The luminosity function of A2199 is consistent with a single Schechter function to Mr = -15.6 + 5 log h(70) with a faint-end slope of alpha = -1.13 +/- 0.07 (statistical). The LF in Virgo extends to M-r approximate to -13.5 approximate to M* + 8 and has a slope of a = -1.28 +/- 0.06 (statistical). The red sequence of cluster members is prominent in both clusters, and almost no cluster galaxies are redder than this sequence. A large fraction of photometric red-sequence galaxies lies behind the cluster. We compare our results to previous estimates and find poor agreement with estimates based on statistical background subtraction but good agreement with estimates based on photometric membership classifications (e. g., colors, morphology, surface brightness). We conclude that spectroscopic data are critical for estimating the faint end of the LF in clusters. The faint-end slope we find is consistent with values found for field galaxies, weakening any argument for environmental evolution in the relative abundance of dwarf galaxies. However, dwarf galaxies in clusters are significantly redder than field galaxies of similar luminosity or mass, indicating that star-formation processes in dwarfs do depend on environment. C1 [Rines, Kenneth; Geller, Margaret J.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rines, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM krines@cfa.harvard.edu NR 76 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1837 EP 1848 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/5/1837 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294LO UT WOS:000255407700018 ER PT J AU Korzennik, SG AF Korzennik, S. G. TI YAOPBM - yet another peak bagging method SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Helio-and-Asteroseismology-Network Workshop on Low Degree and Low Frequency Modes CY SEP 18-21, 2007 CL La Palma, SPAIN SP European Helio & Asteroseismol Net DE Sun : activity; Sun : helioseismology; Sun : interior; Sun : oscillations AB I present and discuss the fitting methodology I developed for very-long time series (2088-day-long). This new method was first used to fit low degree modes, <= 25. That time series was also sub-divided in somewhat shorter segments (728-day-long) and also fitted for these low degrees, in order to measure changes with the solar activity level. I have recently extended the fitting in several "directions": 1) to substantially higher degrees (l <= 125), 2) to shorter time series (364- and 182-day-long), and, 3) to additional 728-day-long segments, covering now some 10 years of observations. I present and discuss issues related to this expansion, namely problems at low frequencies affecting the f and pi modes, and the inadequacy of the leakage matrix at higher degrees. I also present some of the characteristics of the observed temporal changes in the resulting frequencies. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Korzennik, SG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM skorzennik@cfa.harvard.edu NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 329 IS 5 BP 453 EP 460 DI 10.1002/asna.200710979 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 314ZC UT WOS:000256846700004 ER PT J AU Eff-Darwich, A Regulo, C Korzennik, SG Hernandez, FP Cortes, TR AF Eff-Darwich, A. Regulo, C. Korzennik, S. G. Hernandez, F. Perez Cortes, T. Roca TI Detection and temporal coherence of p-modes below 1.4 mHz SO ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European-Helio-and-Asteroseismology-Network Workshop on Low Degree and Low Frequency Modes CY SEP 18-21, 2007 CL La Palma, SPAIN SP European Helio & Asteroseismol Net DE methods : data analysis; Sun : helioseismology; Sun : interior ID SOLAR; HELIOSEISMOLOGY; GOLF; OSCILLATIONS; FREQUENCIES; VIRGO; CYCLE; SOHO AB Data collected recently by the helioseismic experiments aboard the SOHO spacecraft have allowed the detection of low degree p-modes with increasingly lower order n. In particular, the GOLF experiment is currently able to unambiguously identify low degree modes with frequencies as low as 1.3 mHz. The detection of p-modes with very low frequency (i.e., low n), is difficult due to the low signal-to-noise ratio in this spectral region and its contamination by solar signals that are not of acoustic origin. To address this problem without using any theoretical a priory, we propose a methodology that relies only on the inversion of observed values to define a spectral window for the expected locations of these low frequency modes. The application of this method to 2920-day-long GOLF observations is presented and its results discussed. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 [Eff-Darwich, A.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Edafologa & Geol, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Eff-Darwich, A.; Regulo, C.; Hernandez, F. Perez; Cortes, T. Roca] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Regulo, C.; Hernandez, F. Perez; Cortes, T. Roca] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife 38205, Spain. [Korzennik, S. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Eff-Darwich, A (reprint author), Univ La Laguna, Dept Edafologa & Geol, Tenerife 38205, Spain. EM adarwich@iac.es NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0004-6337 J9 ASTRON NACHR JI Astro. Nachr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 329 IS 5 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1002/asna.200710990 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 314ZC UT WOS:000256846700006 ER PT J AU Buat, V Boissier, S Burgarella, D Takeuchi, TT Le Floc'h, E Marcillac, D Huang, J Nagashima, M Enoki, M AF Buat, V. Boissier, S. Burgarella, D. Takeuchi, T. T. Le Floc'h, E. Marcillac, D. Huang, J. Nagashima, M. Enoki, M. TI Star formation history of galaxies from z=0 to z=0.7 - A backward approach to the evolution of star-forming galaxies SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : stellar content; infrared : galaxies; ultraviolet : galaxies ID CHEMO-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC EVOLUTION; LUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS; DUST ATTENUATION; FORMATION RATES; HIGH-REDSHIFT AB Aims. We investigate whether the mean star formation activity of star-forming galaxies from z = 0 to z = 0.7 in the GOODS-S field can be reproduced by simple evolution models of these systems. In this case, such models might be used as first-order references for studies at higher z to decipher when and to what extent a secular evolution is sufficient to explain the star formation history in galaxies. Methods. We selected star-forming galaxies at z = 0 and at z = 0.7 in IR and in UV to have access to all the recent star formation. We focused on galaxies with a stellar mass ranging between 10(10) and 10(11) M(circle dot) for which the results are not biased by the selections. We compared the data to chemical evolution models developed for spiral galaxies and originally built to reproduce the main characteristics of the Milky Way and nearby spirals without fine-tuning them for the present analysis. Results. We find a shallow decrease in the specific star formation rate (SSFR) when the stellar mass increases. The evolution of the SSFR characterizing both UV and IR selected galaxies from z = 0 to z = 0.7 is consistent with the models built to reproduce the present spiral galaxies. There is no need to strongly modify of the physical conditions in galaxies to explain the average evolution of their star formation from z = 0 to z = 0.7. We use the models to predict the evolution of the star formation rate and the metallicity on a wider range of redshift and we compare these predictions with the results of semi-analytical models. C1 [Buat, V.; Boissier, S.; Burgarella, D.] Observ Astron Marseille Provence, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. [Takeuchi, T. T.] Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Marcillac, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Huang, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nagashima, M.] Nagasaki Univ, Fac Educ, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. [Enoki, M.] Tokyo Keizai Univ, Fac Business Adm, Tokyo 1858502, Japan. RP Buat, V (reprint author), Observ Astron Marseille Provence, Lab Astrophys Marseille, BP 8, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. EM veronique.buat@oamp.fr NR 85 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 483 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078263 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294NR UT WOS:000255413300015 ER PT J AU Huber, D Saio, H Gruberbauer, M Weiss, WW Rowe, JF Hareter, M Kallinger, T Reegen, P Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Rucinski, S Sasselov, D Walker, GAH AF Huber, D. Saio, H. Gruberbauer, M. Weiss, W. W. Rowe, J. F. Hareter, M. Kallinger, T. Reegen, P. Matthews, J. M. Kuschnig, R. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Rucinski, S. Sasselov, D. Walker, G. A. H. TI MOST photometry of the roAp star 10Aquilae SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : photometric; stars : chemically peculiar; stars : individual : 10Aql; stars : individual : HD176232; stars : magnetic fields; stars : oscillations ID RADIAL-VELOCITY VARIATIONS; PULSATING AP STARS; NONRADIAL PULSATIONS; SPACE; 10-AQUILAE; PERIODS; MODELS AB Context. We present 31.2 days of nearly continuous MOST photometry of the rapidly oscillating Ap star 10Aql. Aims. The goal was to provide an unambiguous frequency identification for this little studied star, as well as to discuss the detected frequencies in the context of magnetic models and analyze the influence of the magnetic field on the pulsation. Methods. Using traditional Fourier analysis techniques on three independent data reductions, intrinsic frequencies for the star are identified. Theoretical non-adiabatic axisymmetric modes influenced by a magnetic field having polar field strengths B(P) = 0-5 kG were computed to compare the observations to theory. Results. The high-precision data allow us to identify three definite intrinsic pulsation frequencies and two other candidate frequencies with low S/N. Considering the observed spacings, only one (Delta nu = 50.95 mu Hz) is consistent with the main sequence nature of roAp stars. The comparison with theoretical models yields a best fit for a 1.95 M(circle dot) model having solar metallicity, suppressed envelope convection, and homogenous helium abundance. Furthermore, our analysis confirms the suspected slow rotation of the star and sets new lower limits to the rotation period (P(rot) >= 1 month) and inclination ( i > 30 +/- 10 degrees). Conclusions. The observed frequency spectrum is not rich enough to unambiguously identify a model. On the other hand, the models hardly represent roAp stars in detail due to the approximations needed to describe the interactions of the magnetic field with stellar structure and pulsation. Consequently, errors in the model frequencies needed for the fitting procedure can only be estimated. Nevertheless, it is encouraging that models which suppress convection and include solar metallicity, in agreement with current concepts of roAp stars, fit the observations best. C1 [Huber, D.; Gruberbauer, M.; Weiss, W. W.; Hareter, M.; Kallinger, T.; Reegen, P.; Kuschnig, R.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, IfA, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Saio, H.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Rowe, J. F.; Matthews, J. M.; Walker, G. A. H.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Rucinski, S.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Huber, D (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, IfA, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. EM huber@astro.univie.ac.at OI Kallinger, Thomas/0000-0003-3627-2561 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 483 IS 1 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079220 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294NR UT WOS:000255413300027 ER PT J AU Koutchmy, S Slemzin, V Filippov, B Noens, JC Romeuf, D Golub, L AF Koutchmy, S. Slemzin, V. Filippov, B. Noens, J. -C. Romeuf, D. Golub, L. TI Analysis and interpretation of a fast limb CME with eruptive prominence, C-flare, and EUV dimming SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : activity; Sun : filaments; Sun : prominences; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; MOVING SOLAR PROMINENCES; VARIABLE SOURCE FUNCTION; H-ALPHA STRUCTURES; ABSORPTION FEATURES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ACTIVE REGIONS; CLOUD MODEL; FILAMENT; SOHO AB Aims. Coronal mass ejections or CMEs are large dynamical solar-corona events. The mass balance and kinematics of a fast limb CME, including its prominence progenitor and the associated flare, will be compared with computed magnetic structures to look for their origin and effect. Methods. Multi-wavelength ground-based and spaceborne observations are used to study a fast W-limb CME event of December 2, 2003, taking into account both on and off disk observations. Its erupting prominence is measured at high cadence with the Pic du Midi full Ha line-flux imaging coronagraph. EUV images from SOHO/EIT and CORONAS-F/SPIRIT space instruments are processed including difference imaging. SOHO/LASCO images are used to study the mass excess and motions. Computed coronal structures from extrapolated surface magnetic fields are compared to observations. Results. A fast bright expanding coronal loop is identified in the region recorded slightly later by GOES as a C7.2 flare, followed by a brightening and an acceleration phase of the erupting material with both cool and hot components. The total coronal radiative flux dropped by similar to 7% in the 19.5 nm channel and by 4% in the 17.5 nm channel, revealing a large dimming effect at and above the limb over a 2 h interval. The typical 3-part structure observed 1 h later by the Lasco C2 and C3 coronagraphs shows a core shaped similarly to the eruptive filament/prominence. The total measured mass of the escaping CME (similar to 1.5 x 10(16) g from C2 LASCO observations) definitely exceeds the estimated mass of the escaping cool prominence material although assumptions made to analyze the Ha erupting prominence, as well as the corresponding EUV darkening of the filament observed several days before, made this evaluation uncertain by a factor of 2. This mass budget suggests that the event is not confined to the eruption region alone. From the current free extrapolation we discuss the shape of the magnetic neutral surface and a possible scenario leading to an instability, including the small scale dynamics inside and around the filament. C1 [Koutchmy, S.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Slemzin, V.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Koutchmy, S.] Univ P&M Curie, F-75014 Paris, France. [Filippov, B.] IZMIRAN, Pushkov Inst Terrestrial Magnetism, Troitsk 142190, Russia. [Romeuf, D.] Univ Lyon 1, CRI, OA Fiducial, Lyon, France. [Golub, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Koutchmy, S (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98Bis Blvd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France. EM koutchmy@iap.fr; slem@mail1.lebedev.ru; bfilip@izmiran.troitsk.ru; noens@ast.obs-mip.fr; David.Romeuf@recherche.univ-lyon1.fr; golub@cfa.harvard.edu RI Slemzin, Vladimir/M-3113-2015; Filippov, Boris/G-2810-2014 NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 483 IS 2 BP 599 EP 608 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078311 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 299EB UT WOS:000255737500027 ER PT J AU Umana, G Leto, P Trigilio, C Buemi, CS Manzitto, P Toscano, S Dolei, S Cerrigone, L AF Umana, G. Leto, P. Trigilio, C. Buemi, C. S. Manzitto, P. Toscano, S. Dolei, S. Cerrigone, L. TI Millimeter observations of planetary nebulae - A contribution to the Planck pre-launch catalogue SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : planetary nebulae : general; radio continuum : general; radio continuum : stars ID NRAO PMN SURVEYS; VLA SKY SURVEY; DUST CONTENT; NGC-6302; GHZ AB Aims. We present 43 GHz ( 7 mm) observations of a sample of radio-bright Planetary nebulae aimed to obtain, together with far-IR measurements ( IRAS), reliable estimates of the fluxes emitted in the millimetre and sub-millimetre band, and, therefore, to test their detectability by the forthcoming ESA PLANCK mission. This spectral range, even though very important to constrain the physics of circumstellar environments, is still far from being completely exploited. Methods. The new millimetre 43 GHz observations were obtained by using the 32 m INAF- IRA Noto Radiotelescope. To estimate the millimetre and sub-millimetre fluxes, we extrapolated and summed the ionized gas ( free- free radio emission) and dust ( thermal emission) contributions in this frequency range. By comparison of the derived flux densities to the predicted sensitivity we investigate the possible detection of such source for all the channels of PLANCK Results. We conclude that almost 80% of our sample will be detected by PLANCK, with a higher detection rate in the higher frequency channels, where there is a good combination of brighter intrinsic flux from the sources and reduced extended Galactic foregrounds contamination despite poorer instrumental sensitivity. From the new 43 GHz, combined with single- dish 5 GHz observations from the literature, we derive radio spectral indexes, which are consistent with optically thin free- free nebula. This result indicates that the high frequency radio spectrum of our sample sources is dominated by thermal free- free, and other emissions, if present, are negligible. C1 [Umana, G.; Leto, P.; Trigilio, C.; Buemi, C. S.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Umana, G.] INAF, Ist Radioastron, Sez Noto, Noto, SR, Italy. [Manzitto, P.; Toscano, S.; Dolei, S.; Cerrigone, L.] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Fis & Astron, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Cerrigone, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Umana, G (reprint author), Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. EM Grazia.Umana@oact.inaf.it OI Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 482 IS 2 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078796 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290XE UT WOS:000255156100015 ER PT J AU Walker, GAH Croll, B Matthews, JM Kuschnig, R Huber, D Weiss, WW Shkolnik, E Rucinski, SM Guenther, DB Moffat, AFJ Sasselov, D AF Walker, G. A. H. Croll, B. Matthews, J. M. Kuschnig, R. Huber, D. Weiss, W. W. Shkolnik, E. Rucinski, S. M. Guenther, D. B. Moffat, A. F. J. Sasselov, D. TI MOST detects variability on tau Bootis A possibly induced by its planetary companion SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : activity; stars : individual : tau Boo; stars : early-type; stars : starspots; stars : rotation; stars : planetary systems ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; SUN-LIKE STARS; CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY; HOT JUPITERS; 51 PEGASI; PHOTOMETRY; HD-192263; SPECTRUM; SPACE AB Context. There is considerable interest in the possible interaction between parent stars and giant planetary companions in 51 Peg-type systems. Aims. We shall demonstrate from MOST satellite photometry and Ca II K line emission that there has been a persistent, variable region on the surface of tau Boo A, which tracked its giant planetary companion for some 440 planetary revolutions and lies similar to 68 degrees. (phi = 0.8) in advance of the sub-planetary point. Methods. The light curves are folded on a range of periods centered on the planetary orbital period, and phase-dependent variability is quantified by Fourier methods and by the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the folded data for both the photometry and the Ca II K line reversals. Results. The region varies in brightness on the time scale of a rotation by similar to 1 mmag. In 2004 it resembled a dark spot of variable depth, while in 2005 it varied between bright and dark. The 2004 light curve gives a spot rotation period of 3.5 +/- 0.7 d compared to the known planetary orbital period of 3.3125 d. The amplitude spectrum of the 2005 light curve shows no marked peak at the orbital period but the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the light curve has a well-defined maximum (half width similar to 0.15 d) centered on the orbital frequency. Over the 123 planetary orbits spanned by the photometry, the variable region detected in 2004 and in 2005 are synchronized to the planetary orbital period within 0.0015 d. The Ca II K line in 2001, 2002, and 2003 also shows enhanced K-line variability centered on phi = 0.8, extending coverage to some 440 planetary revolutions. Conclusions. The apparently constant rotation period of the variable region and its rapid variation make an explanation in terms of conventional star spots unlikely. The lack of complementary variability at phi = 0.3 and the detection of the variable region so far in advance of the sub-planetary point excludes tidal excitation, but the combined photometric and Ca II K line reversal results make a good case for an active region induced magnetically on the surface of tau Boo A by its planetary companion. C1 [Croll, B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Matthews, J. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Kuschnig, R.; Huber, D.; Weiss, W. W.] Univ Vienna, Inst Astron, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. [Shkolnik, E.] Univ Hawaii, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Manoa, HI USA. [Rucinski, S. M.] Univ Toronto, David Dunlap Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Richmond Hill, ON L4C 4Y6, Canada. [Guenther, D. B.] St Marys Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Moffat, A. F. J.] Obs Mont Megant, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Sasselov, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Walker, GAH (reprint author), 1234 Hewlett Pl, Victoria, BC V8S 4P7, Canada. EM gordonwa@uvic.ca NR 29 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 482 IS 2 BP 691 EP 697 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078952 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290XE UT WOS:000255156100032 ER PT J AU Casertano, S Lattanzi, MG Sozzetti, A Spagna, A Jancart, S Morbidelli, R Pannunzio, R Pourbaix, D Queloz, D AF Casertano, S. Lattanzi, M. G. Sozzetti, A. Spagna, A. Jancart, S. Morbidelli, R. Pannunzio, R. Pourbaix, D. Queloz, D. TI Double-blind test program for astrometric planet detection with Gaia SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE stars : planetary systems; astrometry; methods : data analysis; methods : numerical; methods : statistical; stars : statistics ID EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; SPACE-INTERFEROMETRY-MISSION; GAS GIANT PLANETS; RELATIVISTIC SATELLITE ASTROMETRY; PRECISION RADIAL-VELOCITIES; NARROW-ANGLE ASTROMETRY; TRANSITING HOT JUPITER; NEPTUNE-MASS PLANET; M-CIRCLE-PLUS; DETERMINISTIC MODEL AB Aims. The scope of this paper is twofold. First, it describes the simulation scenarios and the results of a large-scale, double-blind test campaign carried out to estimate the potential of Gaia for detecting and measuring planetary systems. The identified capabilities are then put in context by highlighting the unique contribution that the Gaia exoplanet discoveries will be able to bring to the science of extrasolar planets in the next decade. Methods. We use detailed simulations of the Gaia observations of synthetic planetary systems and develop and utilize independent software codes in double-blind mode to analyze the data, including statistical tools for planet detection and different algorithms for single and multiple Keplerian orbit fitting that use no a priori knowledge of the true orbital parameters of the systems. Results. 1) Planets with astrometric signatures alpha similar or equal to 3 times the assumed single-measurement error sigma(psi) and period P <= 5 yr can be detected reliably and consistently, with a very small number of false positives. 2) At twice the detection limit, uncertainties in orbital parameters and masses are typically 15-20%. 3) Over 70% of two-planet systems with well-separated periods in the range 0.2 <= P <= 3 9 yr, astrometric signal-to-noise ratio 2 <= alpha/sigma(psi) <= 50, and eccentricity e <= 0.6 are correctly identified. 4) Favorable orbital configurations (both planets with P <= 4 yr and alpha/sigma(psi) = 10, redundancy over a factor of 2 in the number of observations) have orbital elements measured to better than 10% accuracy > 90% of the time, and the value of the mutual inclination angle i(rel) determined with uncertainties <= 10 degrees.5) Finally, nominal uncertainties obtained from the fitting procedures are a good estimate of the actual errors in the orbit reconstruction. Extrapolating from the present-day statistical properties of the exoplanet sample, the results imply that a Gaia with sigma(psi) = 8 mu as, in its unbiased and complete magnitude-limited census of planetary systems, will discover and measure several thousands of giant planets out to 3-4 AUs from stars within 200 pc, and will characterize hundreds of multiple-planet systems, including meaningful coplanarity tests. Finally, we put Gaia's planet discovery potential into context, identifying several areas of planetary-system science (statistical properties and correlations, comparisons with predictions from theoretical models of formation and evolution, interpretation of direct detections) in which Gaia can be expected, on the basis of our results, to have a relevant impact, when combined with data coming from other ongoing and future planet search programs. C1 [Casertano, S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lattanzi, M. G.; Sozzetti, A.; Spagna, A.; Morbidelli, R.; Pannunzio, R.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Sozzetti, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jancart, S.; Pourbaix, D.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Inst Astron & Astrophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Queloz, D.] Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. RP Casertano, S (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM sozzetti@oato.inaf.it OI Morbidelli, Roberto/0000-0001-7627-4946; Sozzetti, Alessandro/0000-0002-7504-365X; Spagna, Alessandro/0000-0003-1732-2412; Lattanzi, Mario Gilberto/0000-0003-0429-7748 NR 148 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 482 IS 2 BP 699 EP 729 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078997 PG 31 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290XE UT WOS:000255156100033 ER PT J AU Morgan, H Fineschi, S Habbal, SR Li, B AF Morgan, H. Fineschi, S. Habbal, S. R. Li, B. TI In situ spectroscopy of the solar sorona SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : corona; Sun : particle emission; Sun : solar wind ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; WIND MODEL; SCATTERING; PROTONS; DENSITY AB Context. Future spacecraft missions, such as the proposed Solar Probe mission, will venture close to the Sun, allowing spectrometers measuring emission from heavy ions or neutrals in the solar wind to have radial lines of sight (LOS) pointing away from the Sun, or indeed in any direction other than sunwards. Aims. We show that a radial LOS gives excellent solar wind diagnostics, with tight constraints on ion density, outflow velocity, and effective temperature parallel to the coronal magnetic field. In addition, we present the concept that a spectrometer onboard a spacecraft reaching the solar corona can yield measurements somewhat similar to an in situ sampling instrument, in that the 3D velocity distribution and density of the emitting ions can be measured. Methods. The well-studied OVI doublet at 1031.96 and 1037.6 angstrom and the HLy-alpha line at 1215.67 angstrom are chosen as examples. Solar wind parameters obtained from a 2D three-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model, and formulations for collisional and radiative emission along a radial LOS, are used to calculate spectral line profiles for these lines at various heights within a streamer and coronal hole. Results. For OVI, the collisional line profiles directly measure the ion velocity distribution in the radial direction, with the general Doppler shift of the profiles related to the bulk ion outflow velocity and the width of the line related to the effective ion temperature parallel to the magnetic field. An obvious skew in the collisional profiles is seen in regions with a high gradient in outflow velocity and/or temperature. The resonant (or radiative) line profiles behave very differently from those currently observed in 90 degrees scattering. They are more closely related to the profile and distribution of the exciting chromospheric spectrum: the lines are narrow and are centered at wavelengths mirrored around the rest wavelength of the ion emission, allowing easy separation of the collisional and radiative components. Despite the HLy-alpha line being much more intense than the OVI lines, the large width and high intensity of the Ly-alpha radiative component in comparison to the collisional component is such that these two components cannot be separated. The Ly-alpha line is therefore less suitable for solar wind diagnostics. Conclusions. The prospect of coronal in situ spectral observations, combined with simultaneous in situ sampling measurements of the solar wind and magnetic field will give unsurpassed constraints on models of solar wind heating and acceleration. C1 [Morgan, H.; Li, B.] Inst Math & Phys Sci, Ceredigion SY23 3BZ, Cymru, England. [Morgan, H.; Habbal, S. R.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fineschi, S.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, TO, Italy. [Fineschi, S.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morgan, H (reprint author), Inst Math & Phys Sci, Ceredigion SY23 3BZ, Cymru, England. EM hmorgan@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Li, Bo/G-3525-2010; OI Li, Bo/0000-0003-4790-6718; Morgan, Huw/0000-0002-6547-5838 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 482 IS 3 BP 981 EP 987 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079202 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292LR UT WOS:000255268000028 ER PT J AU Read, AM Saxton, RD Torres, MAP Esquej, P Kuulkers, E Jonker, PG Osborne, JP Freyberg, MJ Challis, P AF Read, A. M. Saxton, R. D. Torres, M. A. P. Esquej, P. Kuulkers, E. Jonker, P. G. Osborne, J. P. Freyberg, M. J. Challis, P. TI XMM-Newton slew survey discovery of the nova XMMSL1 J070542.7-381442 (V598 Puppis) SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual : V598 Puppis; surveys; X-rays : general ID X-RAY OBSERVATIONS; V1974 CYGNI; SPECTRA; EVOLUTION AB Aims. In an attempt to catch new X-ray transients while they are still bright, the data taken by XMM- Newton as it slews between targets are being processed and cross-correlated with other X-ray observations as soon as the slew data appear in the XMM- Newton archive. Methods. A bright source, XMMSL1 J070542.7-381442, was detected on 9 Oct. 2007 at a position where no previous X-ray source had been seen. The XMMslew data and optical data acquired with the Magellan Clay 6.5 m telescope were used to classify the new object. Results. No XMM slew X-ray counts are detected above 1 keV and the source is seen to be similar to 750 times brighter than the ROSAT All-Sky Survey upper limit at that position. The normally m(V) similar to 16 star, USNO-A2.0 0450-03360039, which lies 3.5 '' from the X-ray position, was seen in our Magellan data to be very much enhanced in brightness. Our optical spectrum showed emission lines that identified the source as a nova in the auroral phase; hence, this optical source is undoubtedly the progenitor of the X-ray source - a new nova ( now also known as V598 Pup). The X-ray spectrum indicates that the nova was in a super-soft state ( with kT(eff) approximate to 35 eV). We estimate the distance to the nova to be similar to 3 kpc. Analysis of archival robotic optical survey data shows a rapid-decline light curve consistent with what is expected for a very fast nova. Conclusions. The XMM- Newton slew data present a powerful opportunity to find new X-ray transient objects while they are still bright. Here we present the first such source discovered by the analysis of near real-time slew data. C1 [Read, A. M.; Osborne, J. P.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Saxton, R. D.; Kuulkers, E.] ESA, ESAC, Madrid, Spain. [Torres, M. A. P.; Jonker, P. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Esquej, P.; Freyberg, M. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Jonker, P. G.] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Read, AM (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM amr30@star.le.ac.uk NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 482 IS 2 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:200809456 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290XE UT WOS:000255156100001 ER PT J AU Li, YX Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Finkbeiner, DP Cox, TJ Springel, V Jiang, LH Fan, XH Yoshida, N AF Li, Yuexing Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Cox, Thomas J. Springel, Volker Jiang, Linhua Fan, Xiaohui Yoshida, Naoki TI Modeling the dust properties of z similar to 6 quasars with ART(2) - All-wavelength radiative transfer with adaptive refinement tree SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies; radiative transfer; dust,extinction; ISM : individual ( SDSS J1148+5251) ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; AXISYMMETRICAL CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS; HIGH-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AB The detection of large quantities of dust in z similar to 6 quasars by infrared and radio surveys presents puzzles for the formation and evolution of dust in these early systems. Previously, Li et al. showed that luminous quasars at z >= 6 can form through hierarchical mergers of gas- rich galaxies, and that these systems are expected to evolve from starburst through quasar phases. Here, we calculate the dust properties of simulated quasars and their progenitors using a three- dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, ART(2) ( All- wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree). ART2 incorporates a radiative equilibrium algorithm which treats dust emission self- consistently, an adaptive grid method which can efficiently cover a large dynamic range in both spatial and density scales, a multiphase model of the interstellar medium which accounts for the observed scaling relations of molecular clouds, and a supernova- origin model for dust which can explain the existence of dust in cosmologically young objects. By applying ART2 to the hydrodynamic simulations of Li et al., we reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution ( SED) and inferred dust properties of SDSS J1148+ 5251, the most distant Sloan quasar. We find that the dust and infrared emission are closely associated with the formation and evolution of the quasar host. The system evolves from a cold to a warm ultraluminous infrared galaxy ( ULIRG) owing to heating and feedback from stars and the active galactic nucleus ( AGN). Furthermore, the AGN activity has significant implications for the interpretation of observation of the hosts. Our results suggest that vigorous star formation in merging progenitors is necessary to reproduce the observed dust properties of z similar to 6 quasars, supporting a merger- driven origin for luminous quasars at high redshifts and the starburst- to- quasar evolutionary hypothesis. C1 [Li, Yuexing; Hopkins, Philip F.; Hernquist, Lars; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Cox, Thomas J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Springel, Volker] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. [Jiang, Linhua; Fan, Xiaohui] Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Yoshida, Naoki] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys, Aichi 4648602, Japan. RP Li, YX (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Yoshida, Naoki/A-4305-2011; Jiang, Linhua/H-5485-2016 OI Jiang, Linhua/0000-0003-4176-6486 NR 248 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP 41 EP 63 DI 10.1086/529364 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294BE UT WOS:000255378300004 ER PT J AU Kondratko, PT Greenhill, LJ Moran, JM AF Kondratko, Paul T. Greenhill, Lincoln J. Moran, James M. TI The parsec-scale accretion disk in NGC 3393 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual ( NGC 3393); galaxies : Seyfert; ISM : molecules; ISM : jets and outflows; masers ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; WATER MASER EMISSION; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; VELOCITY DISPERSION; GEOMETRIC DISTANCE; CEPHEID DISTANCE; HUBBLE CONSTANT; LINE REGION; NGC 4258 AB We present a Very Long Baseline Interferometry image of the water maser emission in the nuclear region of NGC 3393. The maser emission has a linear distribution oriented at a position angle of similar to - 34 degrees, perpendicular to both the kiloparsec- scale radio jet and the axis of the narrow- line region. The position- velocity diagram displays a red- blue asymmetry about the systemic velocity and the estimated dynamical center, and is thus consistent with rotation. Assuming Keplerian rotation in an edge- on disk, we obtain an enclosed mass of ( 3: 1 +/- 0: 2); 10(7) M-circle dot within 0: 36 +/- 0: 02 pc ( 1: 48 +/- 0: 06 mas), which corresponds to a mean mass density of similar to 10(8.2) M-circle dot pc(-3). We also report the measurement with the Green Bank Telescope of a velocity drift, a manifestation of centripetal acceleration within the disk, of 5 +/- 1 km s(-1) yr(-1) in the similar to 3880 km s(-1) maser feature, which is most likely located along the line of sight to the dynamical center of the system. From the acceleration of this feature, we estimate a disk radius of 0: 17 +/- 0: 02 pc, which is smaller than the inner disk radius ( 0: 36 +/- 0: 02 pc) of emission that occurs along the midline ( i. e., the line of nodes). The emission along the line of sight to the dynamical center evidently occurs much closer to the center than the emission from the disk midline, contrary to the situation in the archetypal maser systems NGC 4258 and NGC 1068. The outer radius of the disk as traced by the masers along the midline is about 1.5 pc. C1 [Kondratko, Paul T.; Greenhill, Lincoln J.; Moran, James M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kondratko, PT (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM greenhill@cfa.harvard.edu OI Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 57 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1086/586879 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294BE UT WOS:000255378300007 ER PT J AU Seth, A Agueros, M Lee, D Basu-Zych, A AF Seth, Anil Agueros, Marcel Lee, Duane Basu-Zych, Antara TI The coincidence of nuclear star clusters and active galactic nuclei SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : active; galaxies : formation; galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : star clusters ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MASS BLACK-HOLE; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; X-RAY SOURCES; DWARF ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; ACS VIRGO CLUSTER; SPIRAL GALAXIES; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER; HOST GALAXIES AB We study galaxies that host both nuclear star clusters and AGNs, implying the presence of a massive black hole. We select a sample of 176 galaxies with previously detected nuclear star clusters that range from ellipticals to late- type spirals. We search for AGNs in this sample using optical spectroscopy and archival radio and X- ray data. We find galaxies of all Hubble types and with a wide range of masses ( 10(9)-10(11) M-circle dot) hosting both AGNs and nuclear star clusters. From the optical spectra, we classify 10% of the galaxies as AGN and an additional 15% as composite, indicating a mix of AGN and star formation spectra. The fraction of nucleated galaxies with AGNs increases strongly as a function of galaxy and nuclear star cluster mass. For galaxies with both a nuclear star cluster and a black hole, we find that the masses of these two objects are quite similar. However, nondetections of black holes in Local Group nuclear star clusters show that not all clusters host black holes of similar masses. We discuss the implications of our results for the formation of nuclear star clusters and massive black holes. C1 [Seth, Anil] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Agueros, Marcel; Lee, Duane; Basu-Zych, Antara] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Seth, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aseth@cfa.harvard.edu RI Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014 OI Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664 NR 114 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP 116 EP 130 DI 10.1086/528955 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294BE UT WOS:000255378300010 ER PT J AU Martin, S Requena-Torres, MA Martin-Pintado, J Mauersberger, R AF Martin, Sergio Requena-Torres, M. A. Martin-Pintado, J. Mauersberger, R. TI Tracing shocks and photodissociation in the galactic center region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrochemistry; galaxies : ISM; galaxy : abundances; galaxy : center; ISM : molecules ID STARBURST GALAXY NGC-253; NEARBY SEYFERT-GALAXIES; CENTER MOLECULAR CLOUDS; DENSE GAS; STAR-FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; NUCLEAR STARBURST; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; CHEMICAL-MODELS; LINE EMISSION AB We present a systematic study of the HNCO, (CO)-O-18, (CS)-C-13, and (CS)-S-34 emission toward 13 selected molecular clouds in the Galactic center region. The molecular emission in these positions is used as a template of the different physical and chemical processes claimed to be dominant in the circumnuclear molecular gas of galaxies. The relative abundance of HNCO shows a variation of more than a factor of 20 among the observed sources. The HNCO/(CS)-C-13 abundance ratio is highly contrasted ( up to a factor of 30) between the shielded molecular clouds mostly affected by shocks, where HNCO is released to gas phase from grain mantles, and those pervaded by an intense UV radiation field, where HNCO is photodissociated and CS production favored via ion reactions. We propose the relative HNCO to CS abundance ratio as a highly contrasted diagnostic tool to distinguish between the influence of shocks and/ or the radiation field in the nuclear regions of galaxies and their relation to the evolutionary state of their nuclear star formation bursts. C1 [Martin, Sergio] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Requena-Torres, M. A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Martin-Pintado, J.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Mauersberger, R.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, E-18012 Granada, Spain. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smartin@cfa.harvard.edu RI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015 OI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508 NR 61 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1086/533409 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294BE UT WOS:000255378300020 ER PT J AU Katsuda, S Mori, K Tsunemi, H Park, S Hwang, U Burrows, DN Hughes, JP Slane, PO AF Katsuda, S. Mori, K. Tsunemi, H. Park, S. Hwang, U. Burrows, D. N. Hughes, J. P. Slane, P. O. TI Discovery of fast-moving X-ray-emitting ejecta knots in the oxygen-rich supernova remnant Puppis A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : individual (Puppis A); supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID NEUTRON-STAR KICKS; CASSIOPEIA-A; NOVA REMNANT; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; INHOMOGENEITIES; SPECTROSCOPY; ABUNDANCES; EMISSION AB We report on the discovery of fast- moving X- ray-emitting ejecta knots in the Galactic oxygen- rich supernova remnant Puppis A from XMM- Newton observations. We find an X- ray knotty feature positionally coincident with an O- rich fast- moving optical filament with blueshifted line emission located in the northeast of Puppis A. We extract spectra from northern and southern regions of the feature. Applying a one- component nonequilibrium ionization model for the two spectra, we find high metal abundances relative to the solar values in both spectra. This fact clearly shows that the feature originates from metal- rich ejecta. In addition, we find that line emission in the two regions is blueshifted. The Doppler velocities derived in the two regions are different with each other, suggesting that the knotty feature consists of two knots that are close to each other along the line of sight. Since fast- moving O- rich optical knots/ filaments are believed to be recoiled metal- rich ejecta, expelled to the opposite direction against the high- velocity central compact object, we propose that the ejecta knots disclosed here are also part of the recoiled material. C1 [Katsuda, S.; Tsunemi, H.] Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Grad Sch Sci, Osaka 600043, Japan. [Mori, K.] Miyazaki Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Miyazaki 8892192, Japan. [Park, S.; Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Hwang, U.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hwang, U.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hughes, J. P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Slane, P. O.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Katsuda, S (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Grad Sch Sci, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Osaka 600043, Japan. EM katsuda@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP 297 EP 302 DI 10.1086/586891 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294BE UT WOS:000255378300025 ER PT J AU Drake, JJ Ercolano, B Swartz, DA AF Drake, Jeremy J. Ercolano, Barbara Swartz, Douglas A. TI X-ray-fluorescent FeK alpha lines from stellar photospheres SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; stars : coronae; Sun : corona; Sun : X-rays, gamma rays; techniques : spectroscopic; X-rays : stars ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; SOLAR-FLARE; IRON-LINE; EMISSION-LINES; BLACK-HOLE; CHANDRA OBSERVATION; STRONG GRAVITY; COLD MATTER; SPECTRA; OBJECTS AB X-ray spectra from stellar coronae are reprocessed by the underlying photosphere through scattering and photoionization events. While reprocessed X-ray spectra reaching a distant observer are at a flux level of only a few percent of that of the corona itself, characteristic lines formed by inner shell photoionization of some abundant elements can be significantly stronger. The emergent photospheric spectra are sensitive to the distance and location of the fluorescing radiation and can provide diagnostics of coronal geometry and abundance. Here we present Monte Carlo simulations of the photospheric K-alpha 1,(alpha 2) doublet arising from quasi-neutral Fe irradiated by a coronal X-ray source. Fluorescent line strengths have been computed as a function of the height of the radiation source, the temperature of the ionizing X-ray spectrum, and the viewing angle. We also illustrate how the fluorescence efficiencies scale with the photospheric metallicity and the Fe abundance. Based on the results we make three comments: (1) fluorescent Fe lines seen from pre-main-sequence stars mostly suggest flared disk geometries and/or supersolar disk Fe abundances; (2) the extreme approximate to 1400 m angstrom line observed from a flare on V1486 Ori could be explained entirely by X-ray fluorescence if the flare itself were partially eclipsed by the limb of the star; and (3) the fluorescent Fe line detected by Swift during a large flare on II Peg is consistent with X-ray excitation and does not require a collisional ionization contribution. There is no convincing evidence supporting the energetically challenging explanation of electron impact excitation for observed stellar FeK alpha lines. C1 [Drake, Jeremy J.; Ercolano, Barbara] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Swartz, Douglas A.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Drake, JJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-3,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 58 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1086/524976 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 294BE UT WOS:000255378300035 ER PT J AU Westbrook, OW Evans, NR Wolk, SJ Kashyap, VL Nichols, JS Mendygral, PJ Slavin, JD Spitzbart, B Waldron, WL AF Westbrook, Owen W. Evans, Nancy Remage Wolk, Scott J. Kashyap, Vinay L. Nichols, Joy S. Mendygral, Peter J. Slavin, Jonathan D. Spitzbart, Bradley Waldron, Wayne L. TI X-Atlas: An online archive of Chandra's stellar High-Energy Transmission Grating observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE astronomical data bases : miscellaneous; stars : early-type; stars : late-type; X-rays : stars ID STAR-FORMING REGION; POINT-SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; XMM-NEWTON VIEW; ETA-CARINAE; RAY SPECTROSCOPY; ORION TRAPEZIUM; LINE EMISSION; CAPELLA; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCES AB The high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy made possible by the 1999 deployment of the Chandra X-ray Observatory has revolutionized our understanding of stellar X-ray emission. Many puzzles remain, however, particularly regarding the mechanisms of X-ray emission from OB stars. Although numerous individual stars have been observed in high resolution, realizing the full scientific potential of these observations will necessitate studying the high-resolution Chandra data set as a whole. To facilitate the rapid comparison and characterization of stellar spectra, we have compiled a uniformly processed database of all stars observed with the Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating (HETG). This database, known as X-Atlas, is accessible through a Web interface with searching, data retrieval, and interactive plotting capabilities. For each target, X-Atlas also features predictions of the low-resolution ACIS spectra convolved from the HETG data for comparison with stellar sources in archival ACIS images. Preliminary analyses of the hardness ratios, quantiles, and spectral fits derived from the predicted ACIS spectra reveal systematic differences between the high-and low-mass stars in the atlas and offer evidence for at least two distinct classes of high-mass stars. A high degree of X-ray variability is also seen in both high-and low-mass stars, including Capella, long thought to exhibit minimal variability. X-Atlas contains over 130 observations of approximately 25 high-mass stars and 40 low-mass stars and will be updated as additional stellar HETG observations become public. The atlas has recently expanded to nonstellar point sources, and Low-Energy Transmission Grating (LETG) observations are currently being added as well. C1 [Westbrook, Owen W.; Evans, Nancy Remage; Wolk, Scott J.; Kashyap, Vinay L.; Nichols, Joy S.; Mendygral, Peter J.; Slavin, Jonathan D.; Spitzbart, Bradley] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Waldron, Wayne L.] Eureka Sci Inc, Oakland, CA 94602 USA. RP Evans, NR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nevans@cfa.harvard.edu OI Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935 NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 176 IS 1 BP 218 EP 261 DI 10.1086/527477 PG 44 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 326PT UT WOS:000257672100008 ER PT J AU Karubian, J Sillett, TS Webster, MS AF Karubian, Jordan Sillett, T. Scott Webster, Michael S. TI The effects of delayed plumage maturation on aggression and survival in male red-backed fairy-wrens SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alternative breeding strategies; delayed plumage maturation; fairy-wren; Malurus melanocephalus; plumage coloration; survival ID MALE PIED FLYCATCHERS; FEMALE-MIMICRY HYPOTHESIS; SUBADULT PLUMAGE; PASSERINE BIRDS; MALURUS-MELANOCEPHALUS; DECEPTIVE ACQUISITION; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA; BLACK REDSTARTS; MARKED ANIMALS AB The occurrence of multiple phenotypes within a sex of a single species has long puzzled behavioral ecologists. Male red-backed fairy-wrens Malurus melanocephalus exhibit 3 behaviorally distinct types in their first breeding season: breed in bright nuptial plumage, breed in dull plumage, or remain as an unpaired auxiliary (helper) with dull plumage. The retention of dull plumage by auxiliaries and dull breeders is an example of delayed plumage maturation (DPM), a widespread phenomenon in birds whose costs and benefits are not well understood. At a mechanistic level, DPM might allow dull males either to deceptively mimic females (female mimicry hypothesis) or to honestly signal their subordinate status (status-signaling hypothesis). DPM might function via either mechanism to provide ultimate benefits relative to developing nuptial plumage by increasing reproductive success, survival, or both. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that DPM is related to increased male survival in the red-backed fairy-wren via either female mimicry or status signaling. Aviary-based experiments revealed that dull males were perceived as male, which is consistent with the status-signaling hypothesis but contradicts the female mimicry hypothesis. Further aviary and field-based experiments also revealed that dull males were socially subordinate to bright males and received less aggression than bright males, further evidence for status signaling. However, male survival was not related to plumage coloration or breeding status. These findings indicate that male plumage coloration signals social status but that dull plumage does not afford a net survival advantage, perhaps because plumage color is a conditional strategy. C1 [Karubian, Jordan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Webster, Michael S.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Webster, Michael S.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Karubian, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Trop Res, Inst Environm, La Kretz Hall,Suite 300,Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jordank@ucla.edu RI Karubian, Jordan/A-4364-2015 OI Karubian, Jordan/0000-0001-8201-9992 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 508 EP 516 DI 10.1093/beheco/arm159 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 302RS UT WOS:000255987600006 ER PT J AU Herz, H Holldobler, B Roces, F AF Herz, Hubert Hoelldobler, Bert Roces, Flavio TI Delayed rejection in a leaf-cutting ant after foraging on plants unsuitable for the symbiotic fungus SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acromyrmex lundi; avoidance learning; behavior; foraging decisions; host plant selection; symbiosis ID ATTA-SEXDENS-RUBROPILOSA; DIET SELECTION; CEPHALOTES L; ATTINE ANT; FORMICIDAE; HYMENOPTERA; SUBSTRATE; COLOMBICA; CHEMISTRY; NUTRIENTS AB Leaf-cutting ants culture a mutualistic fungus for which they collect and process a great diversity of fresh plant material as substrate. It has previously been observed that workers show "delayed rejection" behavior toward substrate that is harmful for the fungus but not for the ants: workers initially accept such materials but thereafter avoid its collection. In this study, we investigated delayed rejection behavior toward natural leaves in several 2-choice experiments in laboratory subcolonies of Acromyrmex lundi. We experimentally manipulated leaf suitability for the fungus by infiltrating them with a fungicide (cycloheximide) not detectable to the ants. The ants' delayed rejection behavior was specific toward the respective fungicide-treated plant species. Delayed rejection was also observed in naive ants after contact with the fungus garden containing treated leaves, confirming previous results with artificial bait. The onset of delayed rejection occurred 10 h after incorporation of treated leaves into the fungus garden. Rejection behavior was maintained for at least 9 weeks when incorporation of the previously unsuitable plant species was precluded. However, acceptance resumed after 3 weeks when ants were "forced" to feed on untreated leaves of the previously treated plant species. The observed species-specific, rapidly expressed, and flexible rejection of unsuitable substrate may be a mechanism to successfully avoid the provisioning of the fungus garden with plants containing harmful compounds as they occur in the highly diverse natural habitat of the colonies. C1 [Herz, Hubert; Hoelldobler, Bert; Roces, Flavio] Univ Wurzburg, Dept Behav Physiol & Sociobiol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Herz, Hubert] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Hoelldobler, Bert] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Ctr Social Dynam & Complex, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Herz, H (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Behav Physiol & Sociobiol, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM hubertherz@yahoo.com NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 19 IS 3 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1093/beheco/arn016 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 302RS UT WOS:000255987600015 ER PT J AU Russell, MJ Weller, DE Jordan, TE Sigwart, KJ Sullivan, KJ AF Russell, Marc J. Weller, Donald E. Jordan, Thomas E. Sigwart, Kevin J. Sullivan, Kathryn J. TI Net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs: spatial and temporal variability in the Chesapeake Bay region SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic; budgets; nutrients; phosphorus; watershed ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; LONG-TERM TRENDS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE WATERS; NUTRIENT LIMITATION; NORTHEASTERN USA; LAND-USE; NITROGEN; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON AB We estimated net anthropogenic phosphorus inputs (NAPI) in the Chesapeake Bay region. NAPI is an index of phosphorus pollution potential. NAPI was estimated by quantifying all phosphorus inputs and outputs for each county. Inputs include fertilizer applications and non-food phosphorus uses, while trade of food and feed can be an input or an output. The average of 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002 NAPI for individual counties ranged from 0.02 to 78.46 kg P ha(-1) year(-1). The overall area-weighted average NAPI for 266 counties in the region was 4.52 kg P ha(-1) year(-1), indicating a positive net phosphorus input that can accumulate in the landscape or can pollute the water. Large positive NAPI values were associated with agricultural and developed land cover. County area-weighted NAPI increased from 4.43 to 4.94 kg P ha(-1) year(-1) between 1987 and 1997 but decreased slightly to 4.86 kg P ha(-1) year(-1) by 2002. Human population density, livestock unit density, and percent row crop land combined to explain 83% of the variability in NAPI among counties. Around 10% of total NAPI entering the Chesapeake Bay watershed is discharged into Chesapeake Bay. The developed land component of NAPI had a strong direct correlation with measured phosphorus discharges from major rivers draining to the Bay (R(2) = 0.81), however, the correlation with the simple percentage of developed land was equally strong. Our results help identify the sources of P in the landscape and evaluate the utility of NAPI as a predictor of water quality. C1 [Russell, Marc J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Russell, Marc J.; Weller, Donald E.; Jordan, Thomas E.; Sigwart, Kevin J.; Sullivan, Kathryn J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Russell, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, 1 Sabine Isl, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. EM russell.marc@epa.gov OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 114 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD MAY PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 285 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s10533-008-9212-9 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 309OU UT WOS:000256470900006 ER PT J AU Power, ML Schulkin, J AF Power, Michael L. Schulkin, Jay TI Sex differences in fat storage, fat metabolism, and the health risks from obesity: possible evolutionary origins SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE adipose tissue; visceral fat; subcutaneous fat; fat oxidation; leptin; insulin ID VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PLASMA LEPTIN CONCENTRATION; BODY-FAT; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; CORTISOL METABOLISM; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; LIPID-METABOLISM; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; WOMEN AB Human beings are susceptible to sustained weight gain in the modern environment. Although both men and women can get fat, they get fat in different ways, and suffer different consequences. We review differences between men and women in the incidence of obesity, fat deposition patterns, fat metabolism, and the health consequences of obesity, and examine potential evolutionary explanations for these differences. Women generally have a larger proportion of body mass as fat, and are more likely to deposit fat subcutaneously and on their lower extremities; men are more likely to deposit fat in the abdominal region. Excess adipose tissue in the abdominal region, especially visceral fat, is associated with more health risks. Women have higher rates of reuptake of NEFA into adipose tissue; however, they also have higher rates of fat oxidation during prolonged exercise. Oestrogen appears to underlie many of these differences. Women bear higher nutrient costs during reproduction. Fat and fertility are linked in women, through leptin. Low leptin levels reduce fertility. Ovarian function of adult women is associated with their fatness at birth. In our evolutionary past food insecurity was a frequent occurrence. Women would have benefited from an increased ability to store fat in easily metabolisable depots. We suggest that the pattern of central obesity, more commonly seen in men, is not adaptive, but rather reflects the genetic drift hypothesis of human susceptibility to obesity. Female obesity, with excess adiposity in the lower extremities, reflects an exaggeration of an adaptation for female reproductive success. C1 [Power, Michael L.; Schulkin, Jay] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Power, Michael L.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Schulkin, Jay] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys & Neurosci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, 409 12th St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM mpower@ACOG.ORG OI Power, Michael/0000-0002-6120-3528 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 077639] NR 80 TC 126 Z9 130 U1 8 U2 48 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 99 IS 5 BP 931 EP 940 DI 10.1017/S0007114507853347 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 294NU UT WOS:000255413600001 PM 17977473 ER PT J AU James, HF Price, JP AF James, Helen F. Price, Jonathan P. TI Integration of palaeontological, historical, and geographical data on the extinction of koa-finches SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Drepanidini; extinction risk; Hawaiian finches; Hawaiian honeycreepers; human impacts; geographical range ID FOREST BIRDS; HAWAII; MAUI; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; RECORD AB Identifying the root causes of extinction or endangerment requires long chronological records that begin before a population started to decline and extend until its extinction or functional extinction. We present a case study of the koa-finches, genus Rhodacanthis, an extinct group of Hawaiian honeycreepers that was specialized to feed on green pods and seeds of the koa tree or other leguminous plants. Six island populations of koa-finches are known; four in the Holocene fossil record and two that survived until the 1890s. We document the palaeoecological context of the fossils and identify constraints on the age span of the specimen record for each population using stratigraphic contexts, associated radiometric determinations, and museum specimen data. We estimate the potential geographical range of koa-finches at the time of human arrival using two methods: assessment of their historical and palaeo-habitats, and geographical information system mapping of the pre-human distribution of the koa plant (Acacia koa) and its sister species, the koai'a plant (Acacia koaia). After integrating the foregoing data with chronological records and distributional maps of the potential forcing agents of extinction, we conclude that at least two extinctions of island populations were due to ecological change in the lowlands in the prehistorical and perhaps the early historical periods. In the same time frame, the koa-finch populations on Hawai'i Island became rare and restricted to upland refugia, making them vulnerable to the upland forest harvesting and degradation that was accelerating in the 1890s. Neither climatic variation nor mosquito-vectored diseases are likely to have caused the observed extinctions. This study illustrates an approach that can be applied to many other extinct and endangered island species to better understand the causes of high extinction rates in the human era. C1 [James, Helen F.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Price, Jonathan P.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP James, HF (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, MRC-116,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM jamesh@si.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00442.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287WI UT WOS:000254946900001 ER PT J AU Davidson, IC McCann, LD Fofonoff, PW Sytsma, MD Ruiz, GM AF Davidson, Ian C. McCann, Linda D. Fofonoff, Paul W. Sytsma, Mark D. Ruiz, Gregory M. TI The potential for hull-mediated species transfers by obsolete ships on their final voyages SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; hull biofouling; inter-oceanic species transfers; non-indigenous species; shipping ID COASTAL MARINE ORGANISMS; SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PROPAGULE PRESSURE; BALLAST WATER; NEW-ZEALAND; DISPERSAL; ESTUARY; ESTABLISHMENT; CONSEQUENCES AB Shipping has contributed strongly to biological invasions in coastal ecosystems, transferring species in ballast tanks and on exposed underwater surfaces (hulls). A long history exists that documents biota associated with ships' hulls, including some recent analyses of modern ships, but relatively little is known about the associated risks of invasion. In general, the likelihood of invasion is expected to increase with increasing propagule supply, which suggests that high-density transfers on hulls may pose a relatively high invasion risk. Obsolete vessels are expected to be at an extreme end of the spectrum for biofouling, since they sit at anchorage for long periods and are towed at relatively slow speeds when moved, but this remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we quantified the biofouling communities of two obsolete vessels, one stationary for one decade and the other for two decades, before and after their final transit from California to Texas. Pre-departure biofouling surveys across both vessels detected 22 species of macroinvertebrates. The biomass was dominated by the introduced bryozoan Conopeum chesapeakensis, which occurred in 98% of samples and created a three-dimensional structure (2-5 cm thick). Mobile species, inhabiting the vertical biofouling matrix, were more numerous than sessile ones. Interestingly, the non-native Asian clam Corbula amurensis, not previously associated with hull fouling assemblages, was recorded in 9% of samples. During the 43-day voyage, organisms encountered salinity variation that ranged between zero (Panama Canal) and at least 37 parts per thousand (Brownsville, Texas) and temperatures that varied between 9.9 degrees C and 31.6 degrees C. Upon arrival in Texas, we measured an expected decrease in biofouling extent across both vessels but also a surprising increase in species richness (57 species were recorded), with small compositional differences between ships that did not exist prior to departure. Several species were recorded alive upon arrival, including non-natives that are not known to be established in Texas waters. The physiological tolerance and associated risk of colonization have not yet been evaluated for these organisms, or for the broader species pool associated with a standing fleet (n > 200 ships) that may undergo similar movements. Nonetheless, a compelling case exists for vector management based on organism flux alone, to reduce the risk of coastwise and inter-oceanic invasions. C1 [Davidson, Ian C.; Sytsma, Mark D.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Portland State Univ, Aquat Bioinvas Res & Policy Inst, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [McCann, Linda D.; Fofonoff, Paul W.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Res Lab, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Davidson, IC (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Aquat Bioinvas Res & Policy Inst, POB 751, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM idavidso@pdx.edu RI Sytsma, Mark/B-2746-2013; OI Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X; Davidson, Ian/0000-0002-8729-6048 NR 51 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 21 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 518 EP 529 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00465.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287WI UT WOS:000254946900008 ER PT J AU Little, AEF Currie, CR AF Little, Ainslie E. F. Currie, Cameron R. TI Black yeast symbionts compromise the efficiency of antibiotic defenses in fungus-growing ants SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apterostigma; Attini; bacteria; ecological community dynamics; Escovopsis; interspecific interaction; symbiosis; yeast ID ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; TRIPARTITE MUTUALISM; MICROBE SYMBIOSIS; WASTE MANAGEMENT; PLANT MUTUALISM; BACTERIA; PARASITE; SYNERGISM; GARDENS; GLANDS AB Multiplayer symbioses are common in nature, but our understanding of the ecological dynamics occurring in complex symbioses is limited. The tripartite mutualism between fungus-growing ants, their fungal cultivars, and antibiotic-producing bacteria exemplifies symbiotic complexity. Here we reveal how black yeasts, newly described symbionts of the ant microbe system, compromise the efficiency of bacteria-derived antibiotic defense in fungus-growing ants. We found that symbiotic black yeasts acquire nutrients from the ants' bacterial mutualist, and suppress bacterial growth. Experimental manipulation of ant colonies and their symbionts shows that ants infected with black yeasts are significantly less effective at defending their fungus garden from Escovopsis, a prevalent and specialized pathogen. The reduction of mutualistic bacterial biomass on ants, likely caused by black yeast symbionts, apparently reduces the quantity of antibiotics available to inhibit the garden pathogen. Success of the ant fungal mutualism is directly dependent on fungus garden health. Thus our finding that black yeasts compromise the ants' ability to deal with the garden parasite indicates that it is an integral component of the symbiosis. This is further evidence that a full understanding of symbiotic associations requires examining the direct and indirect interactions of symbionts in their ecological community context. C1 [Little, Ainslie E. F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Little, AEF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM alittle@wise.edu NR 32 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1222 DI 10.1890/07-0815.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304HS UT WOS:000256101200006 PM 18543616 ER PT J AU Sheppard, PR Speakman, RJ Ridenour, G Witten, ML AF Sheppard, Paul R. Speakman, Robert J. Ridenour, Gary Witten, Mark L. TI Tungsten and cobalt: Sheppard et al. respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID AIRBORNE TUNGSTEN; NEVADA; FALLON; CLUSTER C1 [Sheppard, Paul R.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Speakman, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD USA. [Witten, Mark L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Sheppard, PR (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sheppard@ltrr.arizona.edu OI Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 116 IS 5 BP A197 EP A197 DI 10.1289/ehp.10614R PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 296JF UT WOS:000255538600007 ER PT J AU Liu, ZJ Weller, DE AF Liu, Zhi-Jun Weller, Donald E. TI A stream network model for integrated watershed modeling SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE reach file; point and nonpoint sources; stream network traversal and routing; watershed models ID SYSTEME HYDROLOGIQUE EUROPEEN; NITROGEN; POLLUTION; POINT; SHE AB We describe a flexible, computationally efficient stream network model, which forms the core of a simulation framework that spatially integrates the contributions from point and nonpoint sources in a watershed. The model uses the map and stream topology information in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Reach File 3 to generate a spatially explicit network of stream reaches. Water and materials are routed through the stream network to the watershed outlet, and the routing process accounts for transit times and for possible nutrient losses in streams. This model can be applied wherever Reach File maps or maps from the newer National Hydrography Dataset are available, and it can be combined with models of other watershed processes to create a complete watershed simulation system. We present an application of the stream network model to two watersheds of different sizes in the Patuxent River watershed of Maryland, USA. Simulated predictions of streamflow and nitrate concentrations are either very good or good according to standards developed for evaluating the widely used Hydrologic Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) watershed model. C1 [Liu, Zhi-Jun] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. [Weller, Donald E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. EM z_liu@uncg.edu OI Weller, Donald/0000-0002-7629-5437 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1007/s10666-007-9083-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275RB UT WOS:000254088200010 ER PT J AU Benedix, GK Ketcham, RA Wilson, L Mccoy, TJ Bogard, DD Garrison, DH Herzog, GF Xue, S Klein, J Middleton, R AF Benedix, G. K. Ketcham, R. A. Wilson, L. McCoy, T. J. Bogard, D. D. Garrison, D. H. Herzog, G. F. Xue, S. Klein, J. Middleton, R. TI The formation and chronology of the PAT 91501 impact-melt L chondrite with vesicle-metal-sulfide assemblages SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PARENT BODY; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; EXPOSURE AGES; METEORITIC SAMPLE; PRODUCTION-RATES; PORTALES VALLEY; IRON-METEORITES; THERMAL HISTORY; H-CHONDRITES AB The L chondrite Patuxent Range (PAT) 91501 is an 8.5-kg unshocked, homogeneous, igneous-textured impact melt that cooled slowly compared to other meteoritic impact melts in a crater floor melt sheet or sub-crater dike [Mittlefehldt D. W. and Lindstrom M. M. (200 1) Petrology and geochemistry of Patuxent Range 91501 and Lewis Cliff 88663. Meteoritics Planet. Sci. 36, 439 - 457]. We conducted mineralogical and tomographic studies of previously unstudied mm- to cm-sized rnetal-sulfide-vesicle assemblages and chronologic studies of the silicate host. Metal-sulfide clasts constitute about 1 vol.%, comprise zoned taenite, troilite, and pentlandite, and exhibit a consistent orientation between metal and Sulfide and of metal-sulfide contacts. Vesicles make up similar to 2 vol.% and exhibit a similar orientation of long axes. Ar-39 - Ar-40 measurements probably date the time of impact at 4.461 +/- 0.008 Gyr B.P. Cosmogenic noble gases and Be-10 and Al-26 activities suggest a pre-atmospheric radius of 40 - 60 cm and a cosmic ray exposure age of 25 - 29 Myr, similar to ages of a cluster of L chondrites. PAT 91501 dates the oldest known impact on the L chondrite parent body. The dominant vesicle-forming gas was S-2 (similar to 15 - 20 ppm), which formed in equilibrium with impact-inelted sulfides. The meteorite formed in an impact melt dike beneath a crater, as did other impact melted L chondrites, such as Chico. Cooling and solidification occurred over similar to 2 h. During this time, similar to 90% of metal and sulfide segregated from the local melt. Remaining metal and sulfide grains oriented themselves in the local gravitational field, a feature nearly unique among meteorites. Many of these metal-sulfide grains adhered to vesicles to form aggregates that may have been close to neutrally buoyant. These aggregates would have been carried upward with the residual melt, inhibiting further buoyancy-driven segregation. Although similar processes operated individually in other chondritic impact melts, their interaction produced the unique assemblage observed in PAT 91501. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Benedix, G. K.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, IARC, London SW7 5BD, England. [Ketcham, R. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Wilson, L.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bogard, D. D.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, ARES, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Garrison, D. H.] ESCG Barrios Technol, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Herzog, G. F.; Xue, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Klein, J.; Middleton, R.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Benedix, GK (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, IARC, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM g.benedix@nhm.ac.uk RI Ketcham, Richard/B-5431-2011; Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; OI Ketcham, Richard/0000-0002-2748-0409; Benedix, Gretchen/0000-0003-0990-8878 NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 9 BP 2417 EP 2428 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.02.010 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 297GL UT WOS:000255605000012 ER PT J AU Ghent, RR Campbell, BA Hawke, BR Campbell, DB AF Ghent, Rebecca R. Campbell, Bruce A. Hawke, B. Ray Campbell, Donald B. TI Earth-based radar data reveal extended deposits of the Moon's Orientale basin SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Moon; impacts; regolith; radar; Orientate AB We present new Earth-based radar observations of ejecta associated with the lunar Orientale impact basin. We can distinguish (1) a block-poor ejecta facies composing a concentric halo of mantling material 10 m or greater in thickness that extends more than 1000 km from the basin center, and (2) a melt-rich deposit that forms a discontinuous but areally extensive stratigraphic marker across the southern highlands. The melt-rich component likely extends well into the South Pole-Aitken basin, a key target for future landed and sample return missions. The observation of these two ejecta facies and their distribution across the southern nearside yields new insight into the types and distribution of material contributed by large basin-forming impacts to the highlands megaregolith. C1 [Ghent, Rebecca R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. [Campbell, Bruce A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hawke, B. Ray] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Campbell, Donald B.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Ghent, RR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, 22 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 36 IS 5 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1130/G24325A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 300VM UT WOS:000255853300002 ER PT J AU Poulet, F Arvidson, RE Gomez, C Morris, RV Bibring, JP Langevin, Y Gondet, B Griffes, J AF Poulet, F. Arvidson, R. E. Gomez, C. Morris, R. V. Bibring, J. -P. Langevin, Y. Gondet, B. Griffes, J. TI Mineralogy of Terra Meridiani and western Arabia Terra from OMEGA/MEx and implications for their formation SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, surface; mineralogy; spectroscopy ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; EARLY MARS; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; CRATERED TERRAIN; HEMATITE; PLANUM; SURFACE; ENVIRONMENT; IRON; EXPRESS AB Analyses of Mars Express OMEGA hyperspectral data (0.4-2.7 mu m) for Terra Meridiani and western Arabia Terra show that the northern mantled cratered terrains are covered by dust that is spectrally dominated by nanophase ferric oxides. Dark aeolian dunes inside craters and dark streaks extending from the dunes into the intercrater areas in mantled cratered terrains in western Arabia Terra have similar pyroxene-rich signatures demonstrating that the dunes supply dark basaltic material to create dark streaks. The dissected cratered terrains to the south of the mantled terrains are dominated spectrally by both low-calcium and high-calcium pyroxenes with abundances of 20-30% each retrieved from nonlinear radiative transfer modeling. Spectra over the hematite-bearing plains in Meridiani Planum are characterized by very weak but unique spectral features attributed to a mixture of a dark and featureless component (possibly gray hematite) and minor olivine in some locations. Hydrated minerals (likely hydrous ferric sulfates and/or hydrous hydroxides) associated with poorly ferric crystalline phases are found in the etched terrains to the north and east of the hematite-bearing plains where erosion has exposed similar to 1 km of section of layered outcrops with high thermal inertias. These materials are also found in numerous craters in the northern Terra Meridiani and may represent outliers of the etched terrain materials. A few localized spots within the etched terrain also exhibit the spectral signature of Fe-rich phyllosilicates. The ensemble of observations show that the evidence for aqueous processes detected by the Opportunity Rover in Meridiani Planum is widespread and confirms the extended presence of surface or near-surface water over this large region of Mars. The scenarios of formation of Terra Meridiani ("dirty" acidic evaporite, impact surge or weathering of volcanic ash) cannot satisfactorily explain the mineralogy derived from the OMEGA observations. The formation of the etched terrains is consistent with leaching of iron sulfides and formation of sulfates and hydrated iron oxides, either in-place or via transport and evaporation of aqueous fluids and under aqueous conditions less acidic than inferred from rocks examined by Opportunity. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Poulet, F.; Gomez, C.; Bibring, J. -P.; Langevin, Y.; Gondet, B.] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Arvidson, R. E.; Griffes, J.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Morris, R. V.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Griffes, J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Poulet, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM francois.poulet@ias.u-psud.fr RI Gomez, Cecile/B-8473-2012 OI Gomez, Cecile/0000-0002-2986-430X NR 80 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD MAY PY 2008 VL 195 IS 1 BP 106 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.031 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 295HR UT WOS:000255466100008 ER PT J AU Toth, E Bauer, RT AF Toth, E. Bauer, R. T. TI Synalpheus paraneptunus (Crustacea : Decapoda : Caridea) populations with intersex gonopores: a sexual enigma among sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps SO INVERTEBRATE REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE caridean shrimp; eusociality; gonochory; intersex; SEM; sexual development; Synalpheus ID PARTIAL PROTANDRIC HERMAPHRODITISM; ALPHEUS-HETEROCHELIS; ALPHEIDAE; DIFFERENTIATION; PARASTACIDAE; SYSTEM AB Caridean shrimp populations are usually gonochoristic, i.e., composed of separate sexes; however, some carideans are protandric sex changers or simultaneous hermaphrodites. In this contribution we investigated the sexual composition and its determination in two sponge-dwelling Synalpheus species with different degrees of sociality. Because the usual external sexing methods (presence or absence of appendices masculinae in males) can not be used in Synalpheus spp., we sexed individuals by observation of male and female gonopores using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that populations of two species of the Synalpheus paraneptunus complex consist almost entirely of individuals with both male and female gonopores (termed herein "intersexes"). Such a high incidence of intersexes has not been previously reported in other decapods. We performed morphological and behavioral observations to test various hypotheses explaining the presence of intersex gonopores. Whereas protandry and simultaneous hermaphroditism are not likely to occur in these two species, capacity of immature helpers to mature as either sex, or developmental anomaly without adaptive significance could explain the presence of both female and male gonopores in these shrimps. C1 [Toth, E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Bauer, R. T.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Toth, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0848-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM evatoth2004@yahoo.com NR 48 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0792-4259 EI 2157-0272 J9 INVERTEBR REPROD DEV JI Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 51 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1080/07924259.2008.9652255 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 307MP UT WOS:000256323300005 ER PT J AU Braun, DR Pobiner, BL Thompson, JC AF Braun, David R. Pobiner, Briana L. Thompson, Jessica C. TI An experimental investigation of cut mark production and stone tool attrition SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cut marks; use life; butchery; stone tools; actualistic study ID PLIO-PLEISTOCENE HOMINIDS; OLDUVAI-GORGE; BONE-DENSITY; RAW-MATERIAL; SWARTKRANS CAVE; SOUTH-AFRICA; KOOBI-FORA; BED-II; TANZANIA; BEHAVIOR AB In discussions of Paleolithic hominin behavior it is often assumed that cut marks are an unwanted byproduct of butchery activities, and that their production causes the dulling of stone tool edges. It is also presumed that Paleolithic butchers would have refrained from making cut marks to extend the use life of their tools. We conducted a series of butchery experiments designed to test the hypothesis that cut marks affect the use life of tools. Results suggest cut marks are not associated with edge attrition of simple flake tools, and therefore it is unlikely that Paleolithic butchers would have avoided contact between bone surfaces and tool edges. Edge attrition is, however, significantly greater during skinning and disarticulation than during defleshing. This suggests that skinning and disarticulation activities would require more tool edges relative to butchery events focused purely on defleshing. Differences between the number of cut-marked bones relative to the number of stone artifacts deposited at taphonomically comparable archaeological localities may be explicable in terms of different types of butchery activities conducted there, rather than strictly the timing of carcass access by hominins. Archaeological localities with higher artifact discard rates relative to raw material availability may represent an emphasis on activities associated with higher edge attrition (e.g. skinning or disarticulation). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Braun, David R.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Archaeol, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. [Pobiner, Briana L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Thompson, Jessica C.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Braun, DR (reprint author), Univ Cape Town, Dept Archaeol, Private bag, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. EM david.braun@uct.ac.za; pobinerb@si.edu; jessica.c.thompson@asu.edu RI Braun, David/C-9680-2009; OI Thompson, Jessica/0000-0003-1627-4949 NR 55 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1216 EP 1223 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2007.08.015 PG 8 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 297HN UT WOS:000255607800008 ER PT J AU Ivanenko, VN Ferrari, FD Dahms, HU AF Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N. Ferrari, Frank D. Dahms, Hans-Uwe TI Nauplii of Tegastes falcatus (Norman, 1869) (Harpacticoida, Tegastidae), a copepod with an unusual naupliar mouth and mandible SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copepoda; development; Harpacticoida; Tegastes falcatus ID CRUSTACEA AB There are six stages in the naupliar phase of development of Tegastes falcatus (Norman, 1869). The labrum is expressed as a simple fold which does not cover the mouth. A poorly-sclerotized mouth tube was observed on some specimens of all stages except NI (= naupliar stage 1); NI and NII are the only stages without an anus and presumably do not feed. The antennal endopod is a subchela against itself at NII; its distal endopodal segment becomes bifurcate at NIII. A chela on the naupliar mandible consists of the endopod opposite a distoventral attenuation of the basis on NII-NVI. The segmental elements of a chela are present at NI, although the endopod does not oppose the basis at this stage. The maxillule is a unilobe bud with one seta at NIII that gains a second seta at NV and is transformed into a simple bilobe bud with three setae at NVI. The maxilla and maxilliped are each an asetose, ventral attenuation at NVI. Naupliar stages, found in large numbers along with all six copepodid stages of T. falcatus, apparently feed on suctorian ciliates growing on colonies of the bryozoan Flustra foliacea (Linnaeus, 1758). This is the first description of six naupliar stages for a species of Tegastidae Sars, 1904. C1 [Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Moscow 119899, Russia. [Dahms, Hans-Uwe] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 202, Taiwan. RP Ferrari, FD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC, MRC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ferrarif@si.edu RI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/B-8198-2008 OI Ivanenko, Viatcheslav/0000-0003-1255-0491 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 270 EP 280 DI 10.1651/0278-0372(2008)028[0270:NOTFNH]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305DT UT WOS:000256158700011 ER PT J AU Estrada, C Jiggins, CD AF Estrada, C. Jiggins, C. D. TI Interspecific sexual attraction because of convergence in warning colouration: is there a conflict between natural and sexual selection in mimetic species? SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colour pattern; Heliconius; mimicry; signalling confusion ID WAVELENGTH-SENSITIVE OPSIN; HELICONIUS BUTTERFLIES; MATE CHOICE; ITHOMIINE BUTTERFLIES; MULLERIAN MIMICRY; POISON FROGS; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE; COLIAS-EURYTHEME AB When species converge in their colour patterns because of mimicry, and those patterns are also used in mate recognition, there is a probability of conflicting selection pressures. Closely related species that mimic one another are particularly likely to face such confusion because of similarities in their courtship behaviour and ecology. We conducted experiments in greenhouse conditions to study interspecific attraction between two mimetic butterfly species, Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene. Both species spent considerable time approaching and courting females of the co-mimic species. Experiments using wing models demonstrated the importance of colour pattern in this interspecific attraction. Although males of H. melpomene were attracted to their co-mimics as much as to their own females, H. erato males were more efficient at distinguishing conspecifics, possibly using wing odours. Although preliminary, these results suggest that the use of additional cues may have evolved in H. erato to reduce the cost of convergence in visual signals with H. melpomene. Overall, our results showed that there might be a cost of mimetic convergence because of a reduction in the efficiency of species recognition. Such cost may contribute to explain the apparently stable diversity in Mullerian mimetic patterns in many tropical butterfly assemblages. C1 [Estrada, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Jiggins, C. D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge, England. [Estrada, C.; Jiggins, C. D.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Estrada, C (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn CO930, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM catalinaestra72@hotmail.com RI Jiggins, Chris/B-9960-2008 OI Jiggins, Chris/0000-0002-7809-062X NR 97 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 31 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 749 EP 760 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01517.x PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 287XW UT WOS:000254951100011 PM 18312559 ER PT J AU Winter, K Garcia, M Holtum, JAM AF Winter, Klaus Garcia, Milton Holtum, Joseph A. M. TI On the nature of facultative and constitutive CAM: environmental and developmental control of CAM expression during early growth of Clusia, Kalanchoe, and Opuntia SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress of Photosynthesis CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND DE carbon dioxide uptake; Clusia; constitutive CAM; crassulacean acid metabolism; development; drought stress; environment; facultative CAM; Kalanchoe; Opuntia ID CRASSULACEAN-ACID-METABOLISM; CARBON-ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; C-3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GAS-EXCHANGE; MINOR L; ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMPORTMENT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; DELTA-C-13 VALUES AB The capacity to induce crassulacean acid metabolism developmentally ( constitutive CAM) and to up-regulate CAM expression in response to drought stress (facultative CAM) was studied in whole shoots of seven species by measuring net CO(2) gas exchange for up to 120 day-night cycles during early growth. In Clusia rosea, CAM was largely induced developmentally. Well-watered seedlings began their life cycle as C(3) plants and developed net dark CO(2) fixation indicative of CAM after the initiation of the fourth leaf pair following the cotyledons. Thereafter, CAM activity increased progressively and drought stress led to only small additional, reversible increases in dark CO(2) fixation. In contrast, CAM expression was overwhelmingly under environmental control in seedlings and mature plants of Clusia pratensis. C(3)-type CO(2) exchange was maintained under well-watered conditions, but upon drought stress, CO(2) exchange shifted, in a fully reversible manner, to a CAM-type pattern. Clusia minor showed CO(2) exchange reponses intermediate to those of C. rosea and C. pratensis. Clusia cretosa operated in the C3 mode at all times. Notably, reversible stress-induced increases of dark CO(2) fixation were also observed during the developmental progression to pronounced CAM in young Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Kalanchoe pinnata, two species considered constitutive CAM species. Drought-induced up-regulation of CAM was even detected in young cladodes of a cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica, an archetypal constitutive CAM species. Evidently, the de. ning characteristics of constitutive and facultative CAM are shared, to variable degrees, by all CAM species. C1 [Winter, Klaus; Garcia, Milton] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Holtum, Joseph A. M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Winter, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM winterk@si.edu RI Holtum, Joseph/B-3063-2012 OI Holtum, Joseph/0000-0001-6568-8019 NR 76 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 59 IS 7 BP 1829 EP 1840 DI 10.1093/jxb/ern080 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 306VB UT WOS:000256274800034 PM 18440928 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH AF Ubelaker, Douglas H. TI Issues in the global applications of methodology in forensic anthropology SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 20-25, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; identification; forensic anthropology; Balkans ID AGE ESTIMATION; WHITE MALES; STERNAL RIB; PHASE-ANALYSIS; FEMALES AB The project and research reported in this collection of articles follows a long-term historical pattern in forensic anthropology in which new case work and applications reveal methodological issues that need to be addressed. Forensic anthropological analysis in the area of the former Yugoslavia led to questions raised regarding the applicability of methods developed from samples in other regions. The subsequently organized project reveals that such differences exist and new methodology and data are presented to facilitate applications in the Balkan area. The effort illustrates how case applications and court testimony can stimulate research advances. The articles also serve as a model for the improvement of methodology available for global applications. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ubelaked@si.edu NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 606 EP 607 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00717.x PG 2 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 298VP UT WOS:000255715500011 PM 18471204 ER PT J AU Ubelaker, DH Parra, RC AF Ubelaker, Douglas H. Parra, Roberto C. TI Application of three dental methods of adult age estimation from intact single rooted teeth to a Peruvian sample SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; skeletal age at death; adults; teeth; root transparency; Lamendin; Peru ID STERNAL RIB; WHITE MALES; VARYING ANTIQUITY; PHASE-ANALYSIS; DEATH; TRANSLUCENCY; TRANSPARENCY; REMAINS; FEMALES; HUMANS AB Methods of estimating adult age at death from such dental features as root translucency, root length, and the extent of periodontosis in intact single rooted teeth have proven useful in studies of modern individuals, especially in estimating age in older adults. Questions remain however, concerning the impact of regional and population variation on accuracy. To examine this issue, three approaches to age estimation were applied to a diverse sample of 100 individuals from Peru. Mean errors of estimation for all three approaches were similar to those originally reported, suggesting minimal impact of population variation of the features measured. A new regression equation, specifically for Peruvian samples, is provided. C1 [Ubelaker, Douglas H.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Parra, Roberto C.] Inst Med Legal Peru, Dept Anthropol, Lima 01, Peru. RP Ubelaker, DH (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, NMNH, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM ubelaked@si.edu NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 608 EP 611 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00699.x PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 298VP UT WOS:000255715500012 PM 18471205 ER PT J AU Yanoviak, SP Fisher, BL Alonso, A AF Yanoviak, S. P. Fisher, B. L. Alonso, A. TI Directed aerial descent behavior in African canopy ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE body size; canopy; Gabon; gliding; tropical forest ID RAIN-FOREST; EVOLUTION; DIVERSIFICATION; PHYLOGENY AB Several species of neotropical ants direct their aerial descent toward tree trunks during a fall from the forest canopy. The primary goal of this study was to determine if afrotropical arboreal ants exhibit similar gliding behavior. Ants were collected from nine tree crowns in late secondary forest at a hydrocarbon extraction site near Gamba, Gabon. Of the 32 species tested, the behavior was observed in five Cataulacus spp. and three Camponotus spp., making this the first report of gliding in African ants. Aerial glide performance (horizontal distance traveled per unit vertical drop distance) decreased with increasing body size among species and among individuals of Cataulacus erinaceus. Characteristics of directed descent behavior in C. erinaceous were very similar to those of the neotropical ant Cephalotes atratus. C1 [Yanoviak, S. P.] Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. [Fisher, B. L.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Alonso, A.] Monitoring & Assessing Biodivers Program, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Yanoviak, SP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM spyanoviak@ualr.edu NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1007/s10905-008-9116-5 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 290HU UT WOS:000255114700008 ER PT J AU Miura, O Mori, H Nakai, S Satake, K Sasaki, T Chiba, S AF Miura, O. Mori, H. Nakai, S. Satake, K. Sasaki, T. Chiba, S. TI Molecular evidence of the evolutionary origin of a Bonin Islands endemic, Stenomelania boninensis SO JOURNAL OF MOLLUSCAN STUDIES LA English DT Article ID DNA-SEQUENCES; LAND SNAILS; SPECIATION; MANDARINA; TREES C1 [Miura, O.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Miura, O.; Mori, H.; Nakai, S.; Chiba, S.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [Satake, K.] Natl Inst Environm Sci, Div Environm Biol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Sasaki, T.] Chichijima Aza Miyanohamamichi, Inst Boninol, Tokyo 1002101, Japan. RP Miura, O (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM miurao@si.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0260-1230 J9 J MOLLUS STUD JI J. Molluscan Stud. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 74 BP 199 EP 202 DI 10.1093/mollus/eyn003 PN 2 PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 293NG UT WOS:000255341400008 ER PT J AU Gunasekera, SP Ross, C Paul, VJ Matthew, S Luesch, H AF Gunasekera, Sarath P. Ross, Cliff Paul, Valerie J. Matthew, Susan Luesch, Hendrik TI Dragonamides C and D, linear lipopeptides from the marine cyanobacterium brown Lyngbya polychroa SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID PHILINOPSIS-SPECIOSA; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; MAJUSCULA; DEPSIPEPTIDES; MOLLUSK; PEPTIDES AB Two new linear lipopeptides, 1 and 2, and a known compound, curacin D, have been isolated from a marine cyanobacterium, brown Lyngbya polychroa, collected from Hollywood Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Their planar structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and absolute configurations were assigned using chiral HPLC. The new compounds were assigned the trivial names dragonamide C (1) and dragonamide D (2), as their peptide moiety is related to previously reported dragonamides A and B. C1 [Gunasekera, Sarath P.; Ross, Cliff; Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Matthew, Susan; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Paul, VJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM paul@si.edu RI Matthew, Susan/E-3817-2012; Ross, Cliff/B-8291-2011 NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 71 IS 5 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1021/np0706769 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 305LT UT WOS:000256180600031 PM 18393465 ER PT J AU Tamburri, MN Luckenbach, MW Breitburg, DL Bonniwell, SM AF Tamburri, Mario N. Luckenbach, Mark W. Breitburg, Denise L. Bonniwell, Stephanie M. TI Settlement of Crassostrea ariakensis larvae: Effects of substrate, biofilms, sediment and adult chemical cues SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE larval behavior; settlement; substrate preference; chemical cues; Suminoe oyster; Crassostrea ariakensis ID OYSTER; FERTILIZATION; CONSEQUENCES; INVERTEBRATE; POPULATIONS; INDUCERS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; SUCCESS; MARINE AB The Suminoe oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis) is being considered for introduction into the Chesapeake Bay. However, our current understanding of the biology and ecology of C. ariakensis is insufficient to predict whether an introduction will be successful, provide desired benefits, or have adverse impacts. Behavior of native Eastern oyster (C. virginica) pediveligers has been studied for many years and it is well established that they use a variety of habitat characteristics when selecting a site for colonization. Perhaps the most important of these are chemical cues emitted by adult conspecifics, which can lead to gregarious larval settlement and dense, persistent reef communities. Conversely, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms that regulate larval settlement and metamorphosis for C. ariakensis or how pediveligers might respond to conditions found in Chesapeake Bay. In a comparative study with C. virginica, we examined how environmental factors such as substrate type, natural biofilms, sediment and waterborne chemical cues influence larval settlement for two C. ariakensis strains ("south China" and "west coast"). Our results demonstrate many similarities but also potentially important differences. Both species and strains of larvae greatly prefer natural substrates (e.g., shell) covered with biofilms for colonization but the west coast strain of C. ariakensis exhibited greater attachment onto manmade substrates (e.g., fiberglass) than C. virginica. Waterborne chemical cues emitted by adult oysters were also found to enhance substrate attachment for all larval forms but cues do not appear to be species specific. These results provide critical insight to the ability of C. ariakensis larvae to identify and colonize suitable substrates in the Chesapeake Bay, which will have a large impact on recruitment success and their ability to establish self-sustaining populations. C1 [Tamburri, Mario N.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Luckenbach, Mark W.; Bonniwell, Stephanie M.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Eastern Shore Lab, Coll William & Mary, Wachapreague, VA 23480 USA. [Breitburg, Denise L.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Tamburri, MN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, 1 Williams St, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM tamburri@cbl.umces.edu RI Tamburri, Mario/F-7193-2013 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 601 EP 608 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[601:SOCALE]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 304NW UT WOS:000256117200015 ER PT J AU Wen, J Berggren, ST Lee, CH Ickert-Bond, S Yi, TS Yoo, KO Xie, L Shaw, J Potter, D AF Jun Wen Berggren, Scott T. Chung-Hee Lee Ickert-Bond, Stefanie Ting-Shuang Yi Ki-Oug Yoo Lei Xie Shaw, Joey Potter, Dan TI Phylogenetic inferences in Prunus (Rosaceae) using chloroplast ndhF and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Tree of Life CY JUN 03-07, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE ITS; ndhF; phylogeny; Prunus; Rosaceae ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; DNA; GENERA; SYSTEMATICS; SOLANACEAE; PRUNOIDEAE; MODEL AB Sequences of the chloroplast ndhF gene and the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions are employed to reconstruct the phylogeny of Prunus (Rosaceae), and evaluate the classification schemes of this genus. The two data sets are congruent in that the genera Prunus s.l. and Maddenia form a monophyletic group, with Maddenia nested within Prunus. However, the ndhF data set is incongruent with the ITS data supporting two major groups within Prunus: one consisting of subgenera Laurocerasus (including Pygeum) and Padus as well as the genus Maddenia and another of subgenera Amygdalus, Cerasus, and Prunus. The ITS data, on the other hand, support a clade composed of subgenera Amygdalus and Prunus and Prunus sect. Microcerasus in addition to a paraphyletic grade of subgenera Laurocerasus and Padus (and the genus Maddenia) taxa. In general, the subgeneric classifications of Prunus s.l. are not supported. The ITS and ndhF phylogenies differ mainly in interspecific relationships and the relative position of the Padus/Laurocerasus group. Both ITS and ndhF data sets suggest that the formerly recognized genus Pygeum is polyphyletic and that the distinction of the subgenera Padus and Laurocerasus is not supported. The biogeographic interactions of the temperate and tropical members in the Padus/Laurocerasus/Maddenia alliance including Pygeum are shown to be highly dynamic and complex. C1 [Jun Wen] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Berggren, Scott T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Chung-Hee Lee] Korean Natl Arboretum, Pocheon Si 487821, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Ickert-Bond, Stefanie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, UA Museum N, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ickert-Bond, Stefanie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ting-Shuang Yi] Chinese Acad Sci, Kunming Inst Bot, Key Lab Plant Biodivers & Biogeog, Kunming 650204, Peoples R China. [Ki-Oug Yoo] Kangwon Natl Univ, Div Life Sci, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. [Lei Xie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Shaw, Joey] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Potter, Dan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wen, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM wenj@si.edu RI Ickert-Bond, Stefanie/B-3216-2012 OI Ickert-Bond, Stefanie/0000-0001-8198-8898 NR 57 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1674-4918 J9 J SYST EVOL JI J. Syst. Evol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 322 EP 332 DI 10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08050 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 315KO UT WOS:000256878000009 ER PT J AU Soejima, A Wen, J Zapata, M Dillon, MO AF Soejima, Akiko Jun Wen Zapata, Mario Dillon, Michael O. TI Phylogeny and putative hybridization in the subtribe Paranepheliinae (Liabeae, Asteraceae), implications for classification, biogeography, and Andean orogeny SO JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Tree of Life CY JUN 03-07, 2007 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Andes; Asteraceae; biogeography; hybridization; ITS sequences; Liabeae; Paranepheliinae; Peru; speciation; trnL-trnF ID NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; HYBRID SPECIATION; CHLOROPLAST DNA; SEQUENCES; COMPOSITAE; INFORMATION; MODEL AB The nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the chloroplast trnL-trnF (trnLF) intergenic region were sequenced for 45 accessions of Paranephelius and six accessions of Pseudonoseris, the two genera of the subtribe Paranepheliinae (Liabeae, Asteraceae) distributed in the alpine regions of the Andes. This data set was used to estimate relationships between these genera and within each genus to aid in evaluating morphological variation and classification. Our results with both ITS and trnLF markers support the monophyly of subtribe Paranepheliinae, and place Pseudonoseris discolor as the first diverged taxon sister to the clade containing Paranephelius. Pseudonoseris szyszylowiczii exhibited intraspecific divergence supporting intergeneric hybridization between Pseudonoseris and Paranephelius. Within Paranephelius, genetic divergence is low and not adequate to fully resolve phylogenetic relationships at the species level, but two genetically and morphologically recognizable groups were revealed by the ITS data. Several accessions possessing multiple ITS sequences represent putative hybrids between the two groups. These putative hybrids have caused some taxonomic confusion and difficulties in establishing species boundaries in Paranephelius. The divergence time estimates based on ITS sequences indicated that the stem of subtribe Paranepheliinae dates to 13 million years ago, but the diversification of the crown clade of the extant members began in the early Pleistocene or late Pliocene, perhaps associated with the uplift of the Andes and the climatic changes of global cooling. C1 [Soejima, Akiko] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sch Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Dillon, Michael O.] Field Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Zapata, Mario] Univ Antenor Orrego, Museo Hist Nat, Trujillo 1075, Peru. [Jun Wen] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Soejima, A (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sch Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. EM soejima@b.s.osakafu-u.ac.jp NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN, MA 02148-529 USA SN 1674-4918 J9 J SYST EVOL JI J. Syst. Evol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 375 EP 390 DI 10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08065 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 315KO UT WOS:000256878000013 ER PT J AU Suarez-Morales, E Pilz, D AF Suarez-Morales, Eduardo Pilz, Dora TI A new species of Cymbasoma (Copepoda : Monstrilloida) from Florida with a redescription of C-quadridens SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE parasitic crustaceans; zooplankton; copepods; invertebrate taxonomy ID RIGIDUM THOMPSON; SARS CRUSTACEA; MEXICO AB Monstrilloid copepods from a series of zooplankton samples collected in the coastal area of Miami, Florida, were examined taxonomically. Several adult females were found to belong to an undescribed species of Cymbasoma within the C. rigidum species complex. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the body proportions, shape of head, cephalic ornamentation pattern, genital double somite with straight lateral margins, and structure of the fifth legs, which have a small, inner lobe arising from the distal 115 of segment. This species shows intraspecific variability in some characters (i.e. shape of head, ccphalic and genital ornamentation patterns); hitherto, such variation has been reported only in another species of Cymbasoma. Our finding supports the idea of the nominal species C. rigidum comprising a taxonomic complex with several undescribed taxa. The other species recorded in the area was Cymbasoma quadridens Davis, 1947. This was first described from a single male specimen collected in 1947 in Biscayne Bay, Florida, and has not been recorded thereafter. The type specimen now being unusable, this species is redescribed herein based on another topotypic male specimen collected near the type locality. New data are added about the armature of its antennules and swimming legs, cuticular ornamentation, and structure of the genital complex. C1 [Suarez-Morales, Eduardo] El Colegio Frontera Sur, Chetumal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. [Suarez-Morales, Eduardo] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Pilz, Dora] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Suarez-Morales, E (reprint author), El Colegio Frontera Sur, Ave Centenario,Km 5-5, Chetumal 77000, Quintana Roo, Mexico. EM esuarez@ecosur.mx NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1017/S0025315408000623 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 319QW UT WOS:000257179800012 ER PT J AU Anker, A Hurt, C Knowlton, N AF Anker, Arthur Hurt, Carla Knowlton, Nancy TI Revision of the Alpheus cristulifrons species complex (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Atlantic SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Alpheus; transisthmian taxa; species complex; eastern Pacific; Atlantic; cryptic species; colour pattern; molecular phylogeny; barcode; COI ID SHRIMP GENUS ALPHEUS; PACIFIC COAST; PANAMA; DIVERGENCE; COLOMBIA; ACROPORA; CARIDEA; ISTHMUS; REGION; CORAL AB The taxonomy of the snapping shrimp Alpheus cristulifrons Rathbun, 1900, previously reported from the eastern Pacific and western and eastern Atlantic, is reviewed based on molecular data (COI), morphology and colour patterns. Three species are recognized in the A. cristulifrons species complex. Alpheus cristulifrons sensu stricto is restricted to the western Atlantic, ranging from Florida and the Caribbean Sea to southern Brazil. The eastern Pacific A. cristulifrons sensu Kim & Abele, 1988 corresponds to A. utriensis Ramos & Von Prahl, 1989, ranging from the Gulf of California to Colombia; this species can be separated from A. cristulifrons by the absence of balaeniceps setae on the male minor chela and the presence of bands on the antennular and antennal flogella. The eastern Atlantic A. cristulifrons sensu Crosnier & Forest, 1966 is described as A. xanthocarpus sp. nov. based on recently collcctcd material from the island of Sao Tome in the Gulf Guinea; this species differs from A. cristulifrons by the posteriorly more extending rostral carina and the presence of conspicuous yellow spots on the carpus and chela of the second pereiopod. Molecular data suggest that A. utriensis is the eastern Pacific sister clade to the amphi-Atlntic clade that includes A. cristulifrons and A. xanthocarpus sp. nov. C1 [Anker, Arthur; Hurt, Carla; Knowlton, Nancy] Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Anker, Arthur; Hurt, Carla; Knowlton, Nancy] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, Miami, FL 34002 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat 0202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Anker, A (reprint author), Inst Smithsonian Invest Trop, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM ankera@si.edu RI Hurt, Carla/A-3284-2011 NR 66 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 543 EP 562 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001136 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 319QW UT WOS:000257179800014 ER PT J AU Kluger, CG Dalling, JW Gallery, RE Sanchez, E Weeks-Galindo, C Arnold, AE AF Kluger, Courtney G. Dalling, James W. Gallery, Rachel E. Sanchez, Evelyn Weeks-Galindo, Cheyenne Arnold, A. Elizabeth TI Host generalists dominate fungal communities associated with seeds of four neotropical pioneer species SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ascomycota; Barro Colorado Island; Cecropia; diversity; endophytes; host specificity; pioneer trees; seed-associated fungi ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; TROPICAL FOREST; DIVERSITY; TREE; ENDOPHYTES; PATHOGENS; DISPERSAL; BANK; DENSITY; PLANTS C1 [Arnold, A. Elizabeth] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kluger, Courtney G.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Dalling, James W.; Gallery, Rachel E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sanchez, Evelyn] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 2072, Panama. [Weeks-Galindo, Cheyenne] Pima Coll, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. RP Arnold, AE (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM Arnold@ag.arizona.edu NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 BP 351 EP 354 DI 10.1017/S0266467408005026 PN 3 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311KS UT WOS:000256599700013 ER PT J AU Domingues, VS Alexandrou, M Almada, VC Robertson, DR Brito, A Santos, RS Bernardi, G AF Domingues, Vera S. Alexandrou, Markos Almada, Vitor C. Robertson, D. Ross Brito, Alberto Santos, Ricardo S. Bernardi, Giacomo TI Tropical fishes in a temperate sea: evolution of the wrasse Thalassoma pavo and the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense in the Mediterranean and the adjacent Macaronesian and Cape Verde Archipelagos SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS; ATLANTIC; LABRIDAE; HISTORY; PISCES; DIFFERENTIATION; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; CIRCULATION; COALESCENT; DEMOGRAPHY AB The northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea share geological histories and display great faunal affinities. The majority of the Mediterranean species have Atlantic origins, with a few species with tropical affinities. These include the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense and the wrasse Thalassoma pavo that are restricted to the subtropical northeastern Atlantic, the Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, and Canaries) and the southern Mediterranean. The Pleistocene glaciations have been described as having different effects on the fauna of the two regions. During glacial peaks, Mediterranean waters remained warmer than those of the adjacent Atlantic. Within the eastern Atlantic, the effects of Pleistocene glaciations were differentiated. Here, we perform a comparative analysis focusing on T. pavo and S. cretense populations from the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean to assess the effects of Pleistocene glaciations in these two species. Sequences from the mitochondrial control region were obtained and analyzed combining phylogeographic and demographic approaches. Gene flow between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations was shown to be very high. The Mediterranean populations of T. pavo and S. cretense showed high levels of genetic diversity, even in the eastern basin, pointing to an ancient colonization event. This suggests that both species must have been able to persist in the Mediterranean during the cold Pleistocene periods. Historical migration estimates revealed a Mediterranean towards Atlantic trend in the case of T. pavo, which may reflect the re-colonization of areas in the Atlantic by fish that survived the cold phases in relatively warmer Mediterranean refugia. Our data also showed that within the Macaronesian Archipelagos, migrations occurred from Madeira towards the Azores, for both T. pavo and S. cretense, thus supporting a post-glacial colonization of the Azores by fish that persisted in the warmer region of Madeira. Similar geographic distributions, thermal affinities, and means of dispersion for T. pavo and S. cretense resulted in a similar response to the effects of Pleistocene glaciations, as evidenced by identical phylogeographic patterns. C1 [Domingues, Vera S.; Alexandrou, Markos; Bernardi, Giacomo] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Domingues, Vera S.; Almada, Vitor C.] Inst Super Psicol Aplicada, Unidade Invest Ecoetol, P-1149041 Lisbon, Portugal. [Domingues, Vera S.; Santos, Ricardo S.] Univ Acores, Dept Oceanog Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Azores, Portugal. [Alexandrou, Markos] Univ London, Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, Dept Biol & Chem Sci, London E1 4NS, England. [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Brito, Alberto] Univ La Laguna, Dpto Biol Anim Ciencias Marinas, E-38206 Tenerife, Canary Isl, Spain. RP Domingues, VS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM v_domingues@yahoo.com RI Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011; Alexandrou, Markos/E-1509-2012; Santos, Ricardo/B-3960-2008 OI Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678; Santos, Ricardo/0000-0002-2536-1369 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0941-z PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 289ZZ UT WOS:000255093700007 ER PT J AU Gager, AB Loaiza, JDR Dearborn, DC Bermingham, E AF Gager, Andrea B. Loaiza, Jose Del Rosario Dearborn, Donald C. Bermingham, Eldredge TI Do mosquitoes filter the access of Plasmodium cytochrome b lineages to an avian host? SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE access filter; avian malaria; host shift; host-parasite coevolution; life cycle; parasite diversity ID MALARIA PARASITES; BLOOD PARASITES; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; VECTOR; MITOCHONDRIAL; ANOPHELES; GENE; DNA; EVOLUTIONARY; SPECIFICITY AB Many parasites show fidelity to a set of hosts in ecological time but not evolutionary time and the determinants of this pattern are poorly understood. Malarial parasites use vertebrate hosts for the asexual stage of their life cycle but use Dipteran hosts for the sexual stage. Despite the potential evolutionary importance of Dipteran hosts, little is known of their role in determining a parasite's access to vertebrate hosts. Here, we use an avian malarial system in Panama to explore whether mosquitoes act as an access filter that limits the range of vertebrate hosts used by particular parasite lineages. We amplified and sequenced Plasmodium mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Turdus grayi (clay-coloured robin) and from mosquitoes at the same study site. We trapped and identified to species 123 141 female mosquitoes and completed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for Plasmodium parasites in 435 pools of 20 mosquitoes per pool (8700 individuals total) spanning the 11 most common mosquito species. Our primers amplified nine Plasmodium lineages, whose sequences differed by 1.72%-10.0%. Phylogenetic analyses revealed partial clustering of lineages that co-occurred in mosquito hosts. However PAN3 and PAN6, the two primary parasite lineages of T. grayi, exhibited sequence divergence of 8.59% and did not cluster in the phylogeny. We detected these two lineages exclusively in mosquitoes from different genera - PAN3 was found only in Culex (Melanoconion) ocossa, and PAN6 was found only in Aedeomyia squamipennis. Furthermore, each of these two parasite lineages co-occurred in mosquitoes with other Plasmodium lineages that were not found in the vertebrate host T. grayi. Together, this evidence suggests that parasite-mosquito associations do not restrict the access of parasites to birds but instead may actually facilitate the switching of vertebrate hosts that occurs over evolutionary time. C1 [Gager, Andrea B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gager, Andrea B.; Loaiza, Jose Del Rosario; Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Loaiza, Jose Del Rosario] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Dearborn, Donald C.] Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Dearborn, Donald C.] Bucknell Univ, Program Anim Behav, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. RP Gager, AB (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, 3 A Symonds St,PB 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM abgager@gmail.com NR 49 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 10 BP 2552 EP 2561 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03764.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 295HE UT WOS:000255464800018 PM 18422926 ER PT J AU Weir, JT Bermingham, E Miller, MJ Klicka, J Gonzalez, MA AF Weir, Jason T. Bermingham, Eldredge Miller, Matthew J. Klicka, John Gonzalez, Maribel A. TI Phylogeography of a morphologically diverse Neotropical montane species, the Common Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus ophthalmicus) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE emberizidae; Chlorospingus ophthalmicus; phylogeography; Neotropics; Andes; Central America; leap-frog patterns ID MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; GENETIC-VARIATION; BRUSH-FINCHES; AVES; DIFFERENTIATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; BIRDS; SPECIATION; COMPLEX AB The Common Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus ophthalmicus) is distributed in Neotropical cloud-forests from Mexico to Argentina and contains 25 subspecies divided into eight subspecies groups based on biogeography, eye coloration, presence of a postocular spot and chest band. All of Central America is occupied by a single subspecies group; whereas the Andes are believed to be occupied by seven additional subspecies groups. We used five mitochondrial genes to investigate the phylogeography and possible species limits of the ophthalmicus complex. A total of 14 monophyletic lineages were uncovered within the ophthalmicus complex, including three clades currently classified as separate species (C. semifuscus, inornatus and tacarcunae). Divergence estimates for these clades date between 0.8 and 5.2 million years ago (Ma). Contrary to expectations based on morphological diversity, phylogeographic structure was greatest in Mexico and Central America and weakest in the Andes. Morphological and genetic divergences were not significantly correlated and most morphologically defined subspecies groups were not supported. Our evidence suggests the ophthalinicus complex originated in Mexico ca. 6.0 Ma (million years ago) and spread south into the Andes ca. 4.7 Ma before the completion of the Isthmus of Panama. Three genetically divergent lineages of ophthalmicus that formed in the Andes possess a complex checkerboard distribution, with a single lineage represented by disjunct populations from Venezuela and the southern Andes, while intervening populations in Ecuador and Central Peru form two genetically and morphologically divergent lineages. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Weir, Jason T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Weir, Jason T.; Bermingham, Eldredge; Miller, Matthew J.; Gonzalez, Maribel A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Panama. [Miller, Matthew J.] Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Klicka, John] Univ Nevada, Barrick Museum Nat Hist, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Weir, JT (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, 1101 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM jtweir@uchicago.edu RI Weir, Jason/A-2920-2009; Miller, Matthew/B-4560-2008 OI Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2939-0239 NR 53 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 650 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.004 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 304LD UT WOS:000256110100015 PM 18378470 ER PT J AU Schulte, JA de Queiroz, K AF Schulte, James A., II de Queiroz, Kevin TI Phylogenetic relationships and heterogeneous evolutionary processes among phrynosomatine sand lizards (Squamata, Iguanidae) revisited SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE phrynosomatinae; Uma; Callisaurus; Cophosaurus; Holbrookia; mixed models; mixture models; process heterogeneity; phylogeny; mitochondrial; DNA ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; TRANSFER-RNA GENES; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; BAYESIAN-ANALYSIS; TREE SELECTION; MIXTURE MODEL; MIXED MODELS AB Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences were conducted to evaluate four alternative hypotheses of phrynosomatine sand lizard relationships. Sequences comprising 2871 aligned base pair positions representing the regions spanning NDI-COI and cyt b-tRNA(Thr) of the mitochondrial genome from all recognized sand lizard species were analyzed using unpartitioned parsimony and likelihood methods, likelihood methods with assumed partitions, Bayesian methods with assumed partitions, and Bayesian mixture models. The topology (Uma, (Callisaurus, (Cophosaurus, Holbrookia))) and thus monophyly of the "earless" taxa, Cophosaurus and Holbrookia, is supported by all analyses. Previously proposed topologies in which Uma and Callisaurus are sister taxa and those in which Holbrookia is the sister group to all other sand lizard taxa are rejected using both parsimony and likelihood-based significance tests with the combined, unparitioned data set. Bayesian hypothesis tests also reject those topologies using six assumed partitioning strategies, and the two partitioning strategies presumably associated with the most powerful tests also reject a third previously proposed topology, in which Callisaurus and Cophosaurus are sister taxa. For both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods with assumed partitions, those partitions defined by codon position and tRNA stem and nonstems explained the data better than other strategies examined. Bayes factor estimates comparing results of assumed partitions versus mixture models suggest that mixture models perform better than assumed partitions when the latter were not based on functional characteristics of the data, such as codon position and tRNA stem and nonstems. However, assumed partitions performed better than mixture models when functional differences were incorporated. We reiterate the importance of accounting for heterogeneous evolutionary processes in the analysis of complex data sets and emphasize the importance of implementing mixed model likelihood methods. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schulte, James A., II; de Queiroz, Kevin] Smithsonian Inst, Div Amphibians & Reptiles, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Schulte, JA (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Biol, 177 Clarkson Sci Ctr,MRC 5805, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. EM jschulte@clarkson.edu NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 700 EP 716 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.010 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 304LD UT WOS:000256110100018 PM 18362078 ER PT J AU Panero, JL Funk, VA AF Panero, Jose L. Funk, V. A. TI The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Asteraceae; Compositae; Mutisieae; phylogeny; taxon sampling; supermatrix; supertree; speciation; sweepstakes dispersal; Guayana Highlands ID DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; CHLOROPLAST DNA; MUTISIEAE ASTERACEAE; COMPOSITAE ASTERACEAE; SYSTEMATIC-POSITION; ADAPTIVE RADIATION; SUNFLOWER FAMILY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; NUCLEAR RDNA; SOUTH-AFRICA AB The largest family of flowering plants Asteraceae (Compositac) is found to contain 12 major lineages rather than five as previously suggested. Five of these lineages heretofore had been circumscribed in tribe Mutisieae (Cichorioideae), a taxon shown by earlier molecular studies to be paraphyletic and to include some of the deepest divergences of the family. Combined analyses of 10 chloroplast DNA loci by different phylogenetic methods yielded highly congruent well-resolved trees with 95% of the branches receiving moderate to strong statistical support. Our strategy of sampling genera identified by morphological studies as anomalous, supported by broader character sampling than previous studies, resulted in identification of several novel clades. The generic compositions of subfamilies Carduoideae, Gochnatioideae, Hecastocleidoideae, Mutisioideae, Pertyoideae, Stifftioideae, and Wunderlichioideae are novel in Asteraceae systematics and the taxonomy of the family has been revised to reflect only monophyletic groups. Our results contradict earlier hypotheses that early divergences in the family took place on and spread from the Guayana Highlands (Pantepui Province of northern South America) and raise new hypotheses about how Asteraceae dispersed out of the continent of their origin. Several nodes of this new phylogeny illustrate the vast differential in success of sister lineages suggesting focal points for future study of species diversification. Our results also provide a backbone exemplar of Asteraceae for supertree construction. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Panero, Jose L.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Funk, V. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, US Natl Herbarium, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Panero, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, 1 Univ Stn,A6700,141 Patterson Bldg, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM panero@mail.utexas.edu NR 157 TC 135 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 53 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 757 EP 782 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.011 PG 26 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 304LD UT WOS:000256110100021 PM 18375151 ER PT J AU Magdis, GE Rigopoulou, D Huang, JS Fazio, GG Willner, SP Ashby, MLN AF Magdis, G. E. Rigopoulou, D. Huang, J. -S. Fazio, G. G. Willner, S. P. Ashby, M. L. N. TI IRAC photometric analysis and the mid-IR photometric properties of Lyman-break galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high redshift; galaxies : statistics; cosmology : observations; infrared : galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; HIGH-REDSHIFT; X-RAY; MIDINFRARED OBSERVATIONS; STELLAR POPULATIONS; LOCKMAN HOLE; FIELD; ULTRAVIOLET AB We present photometric analysis of deep mid-infrared (mid-IR) observations obtained by Spitzer/IRAC covering the fields Q1422+2309, Q2233+1341, DSF2237a,b, HDFN, SSA22a,b and B20902+34, giving the number counts and the depths for each field. In a sample of 751 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) lying in those fields, 443, 448, 137 and 152 are identified at 3.6-, 4.5-, 5.8-, 8.0-mu m IRAC bands, respectively, expanding their spectral energy distribution to rest-near-IR and revealing that LBGs display a variety of colours. Their rest-near-IR properties are rather inhomogeneous, ranging from those that are bright in IRAC bands and exhibit [R] -[3.6] > 1.5 colours to those that are faint or not detected at all in IRAC bands with [R] -[3.6] < 1.5 colours and these two groups of LBGs are investigated. We compare the mid-IR colours of the LBGs with the colours of star-forming galaxies and we find that LBGs have colours consistent with star-forming galaxies at z similar to 3. The properties of the LBGs detected in the 8-mu m IRAC band (rest-frame K band) are examined separately, showing that they exhibit redder [R] - [3.6] colours than the rest of the population and that although in general, a multiwavelength study is needed to reach more secure results, IRAC 8-mu m band can be used as a diagnostic tool, to separate high z, luminous AGN-dominated objects from normal star-forming galaxies at z similar to 3. C1 [Magdis, G. E.; Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Huang, J. -S.; Fazio, G. G.; Willner, S. P.; Ashby, M. L. N.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Magdis, GE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM gem@astro.ox.ac.uk RI Magdis, Georgios/C-7295-2014 OI Magdis, Georgios/0000-0002-4872-2294 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13020.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SM UT WOS:000255142500025 ER PT J AU Cox, TJ Loeb, A AF Cox, T. J. Loeb, Abraham TI The collision between the milky way and andromeda SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : N-body simulations; Galaxy : evolution; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : interactions; Local Group ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DARK-MATTER HALOS; X-RAY FOREST; LOCAL GROUP; FUTURE EVOLUTION; MERGER REMNANTS; STAR-FORMATION; COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT; INTERACTING GALAXIES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM AB We use an N-body/hydrodynamic simulation to forecast the future encounter between the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxies, given present observational constraints on their relative distance, relative velocity, and masses. Allowing for a comparable amount of diffuse mass to fill the volume of the Local Group, we find that the two galaxies are likely to collide in a few billion years - within the Sun's lifetime. During the interaction, there is a chance that the Sun will be pulled away from its present orbital radius and reside in an extended tidal tail. The likelihood for this outcome increases as the merger progresses, and there is a remote possibility that our Sun will be more tightly bound to Andromeda than to the Milky Way before the final merger. Eventually, after the merger has completed, the Sun is most likely to be scattered to the outer halo and reside at much larger radii (> 30 kpc). The density profiles of the stars, gas and dark matter in the merger product resemble those of elliptical galaxies. Our Local Group model therefore provides a prototype progenitor of late-forming elliptical galaxies. C1 [Cox, T. J.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cox, TJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tcox@cfa.harvard.edu; loeb@cfa.harvard.edu NR 81 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 1 BP 461 EP 474 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13048.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SM UT WOS:000255142500061 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, M Loeb, A AF Dijkstra, Mark Loeb, Abraham TI The polarization of scattered Ly alpha radiation around high-redshift galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE line : formation; polarization; scattering; galaxies : high-redshift; cosmology : theory ID RESONANCE-LINE RADIATION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; SUBARU DEEP FIELD; LYMAN-ALPHA; EMISSION-LINES; EMITTING GALAXIES; YOUNG GALAXIES; COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM AB The high-redshift Universe contains luminous Ly alpha emitting sources such as galaxies and quasars. The emitted Ly alpha radiation is often scattered by surrounding neutral hydrogen atoms. We show that the scattered Ly alpha radiation obtains a high level of polarization for a wide range of likely environments of high-redshift galaxies. For example, the backscattered Ly alpha flux observed from galaxies surrounded by a superwind-driven outflow may reach a fractional polarization as high as similar to 40 per cent. Equal levels of polarization may be observed from neutral collapsing protogalaxies. Resonant scattering in the diffuse intergalactic medium typically results in a lower polarization amplitude (less than or similar to 7 per cent), which depends on the flux of the ionizing background. Spectral polarimetry can differentiate between Ly alpha scattering off infalling gas and outflowing gas; for an outflow, the polarization should increase towards longer wavelengths while for infall the opposite is true. Our numerical results suggest that Ly alpha polarimetry is feasible with existing instruments, and may provide a new diagnostic of the distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen around high-redshift galaxies. Moreover, polarimetry may help suppress infrared lines originating in the Earth's atmosphere, and thus improve the sensitivity of ground-based observations to high-redshift Ly alpha emitting galaxies outside the currently available redshift windows. C1 [Dijkstra, Mark; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dijkstra, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mdijkstr@cfa.harvard.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu NR 93 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 1 BP 492 EP 504 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13066.x PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SM UT WOS:000255142500064 ER PT J AU Butt, YM Porter, TA Katz, B Waxman, E AF Butt, Yousaf M. Porter, Troy A. Katz, Boaz Waxman, Eli TI X-ray hotspot flares and implications for cosmic ray acceleration and magnetic field amplification in supernova remnants SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; magnetic fields; cosmic rays; supernova remnants; gamma rays : observations; gamma rays : theory ID PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; EMISSION; RADIATION AB For more than 50 years, it has been believed that cosmic ray ( CR) nuclei are accelerated to high energies in the rapidly expanding shockwaves created by powerful supernova explosions. Yet observational proof of this conjecture is still lacking. Recently, Uchiyama and collaborators reported the detection of small- scale X- ray flares in one such supernova remnant, dubbed 'RX J1713-3946' ( a. k. a. G347.3- 0.5), which also emits very energetic, TeV (10(12) eV) range, gamma-rays. They contend that the variability of these X- ray 'hotspots' implies that the magnetic field in the remnant is about a hundred times larger than normally assumed; and this, they say, means that the detected TeV range photons were produced in energetic nuclear interactions, providing 'a strong argument for acceleration of protons and nuclei to energies of 1 PeV ( 1015 eV) and beyond in young supernova remnants'. We point out here that the existing multiwavelength data on this object certainly do not support such conclusions. Though intriguing, the small- scale X- ray flares are not the long sought - after ` smoking gun' of nucleonic CR acceleration in supernova remnants. C1 [Butt, Yousaf M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Porter, Troy A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Katz, Boaz; Waxman, Eli] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ybutt@cfa.harvard.edu RI WAXMAN, ELI/K-1557-2012 NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 1 BP L20 EP L22 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00452.x PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SM UT WOS:000255142500005 ER PT J AU Chen, GX AF Chen, G. X. TI X-ray line ratio 3C/3D in Fe XVII SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line : formation; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular; cD; X-rays : general ID REFLECTION GRATING SPECTROMETER; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; BOARD XMM-NEWTON; STELLAR CORONAE; RADIATIVE RATES; ACTIVE-REGION; SOLAR CORONA; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; TRANSITIONS AB The X-ray line intensity ratio 3C/3D in Fe XVII is potentially one of the most useful plasma diagnostic line ratios for X-ray astronomy. Based on our recent converged and highly accurate atomic calculations for electron impact excitation of Fe XVII using the fully relativistic close-coupling method, we demonstrate that 3C/3D in Fe XVII is not a constant with respect to electron temperature/ energy. The cascade effects ( including the excitation and recombination population pumping) on 3C/3D as a function of temperature ( for Maxwellian plasmas) or electron beam energy ( for some laboratory plasmas) are studied and elaborated. For Maxwellian plasmas prevailing in astrophysical sources under the condition of collisional ionization equilibrium, a new and highly accurate 3C/3D line ratio is reported. The values of 3C/3D reported in this work are 2.66, 2.76, 2.81, 2.88 and 2.94 for electron temperatures of 2, 3, 4, 6 and 10 MK, respectively. The uncertainty in our new line ratio is estimated to be about 5 per cent. These new 3C/3D values are expected to have immediate applications for a wide range of X-ray spectra observed from both point sources as well as extended sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chen, GX (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gchen@cfa.harvard.edu NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 386 IS 1 BP L62 EP L66 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00461.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SM UT WOS:000255142500014 ER PT J AU Narayan, R McClintock, JE AF Narayan, Ramesh McClintock, Jeffrey E. TI Advection-dorninated accretion and the black hole event horizon SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article CT Conference on Jean-Pierre Lasota, X-Ray Binaries, Accretion Disks and Compact Stars CY OCT 07-13, 2007 CL Wroclaw, POLAND ID X-RAY BINARIES; SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BROAD-BAND SPECTRUM; DOMINATED ACCRETION; LOW/HARD STATE; CYGNUS X-1; XTE J1118+480; NEUTRON-STAR; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS AB As the luminosity of an accreting black hole drops to a few percent of Eddington, the spectrum switches from the familiar soft state to a hard state that is well-described by a distended and tenuous advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF). An ADAF is a poor radiator, and the ion temperature can approach 10(12) K near the center, although the electrons are cooler, with their temperature typically capped at similar to 10(9-11) K. The foundational papers predicted that the large thermal energy in an ADAF would drive strong winds and jets, as later observed and also confirmed in computer simulations. Of chief interest, however, is the accreting gas that races inward. It carries the bulk of the accretion energy as stored thermal energy, which vanishes without a trace as the gas passes through the hole's event horizon. One thus expects black holes in the ADAF regime to be unusually faint. Indeed, this is confirmed by a comparison of accreting stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars, which reside in very similar transient X-ray binary systems. The black holes are on average observed to be fainter by a factor of similar to 100-1000. The natural explanation is that a neutron star must radiate the advected thermal energy from its surface, whereas a black hole can hide the energy behind its event horizon. The case for an event horizon in Sagittarius A*, which is immune to caveats on jet outflows and is furthermore independent of the ADAF model, is especially compelling. These two lilies of evidence for event horizons are impervious to counterarguments that invoke strong gravity or exotic stars. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Narayan, Ramesh; McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narayan, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM marayan@cfa.harvard.edu; jmcclintock@cfa.harvard.edu OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 232 TC 201 Z9 201 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10-12 BP 733 EP 751 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.002 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 320LQ UT WOS:000257236300002 ER PT J AU Menou, K Haiman, Z Kocsis, B AF Menou, Kristen Haiman, Zoltan Kocsis, Bence TI Cosmological physics with black holes (and possibly white dwarfs) SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Jean-Pierre Lasota, X-Ray Binaries, Accretion Disks and Compact Stars CY OCT 07-13, 2007 CL Wroclaw, POLAND ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE SOURCES; TIDAL DISRUPTION; STANDARD SIRENS; MERGER HISTORY; BINARIES; LISA; COUNTERPARTS; SUPERNOVAE; ACCRETION; CONSTANT AB The notion that microparsec-scale black holes can be used to probe gigaparsec-scale physics may seem counterintuitive, at first. Yet, the gravitational observatory LISA will detect cosmologically-distant coalescing pairs of massive black holes, accurately measure their luminosity distance and help identify an electromagnetic counterpart or a host galaxy. A wide variety of new black hole studies and a gravitational version of Hubble's diagram become possible, if host galaxies are successfully identified. Furthermore, if dark energy is a manifestation of large-scale modified gravity, deviations from general relativistic expectations could become apparent in a gravitational signal propagated over cosmological scales, especially when compared to the electromagnetic signal from a same source. Finally, since inspirals of white dwarfs into massive black holes at cosmological distances may permit pre-merger localizations, we suggest that careful monitoring of these events and any associated electromagnetic counterpart could lead to high-precision cosmological measurements with LISA. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Menou, Kristen; Haiman, Zoltan] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kocsis, Bence] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Menou, K (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, 550 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM kristen@astro.columbia.edu RI Kocsis, Bence/C-3061-2013 OI Kocsis, Bence/0000-0002-4865-7517 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 EI 1872-9630 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 51 IS 10-12 BP 884 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2008.03.020 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 320LQ UT WOS:000257236300022 ER PT J AU Mueller, T Fagan, WF AF Mueller, Thomas Fagan, William F. TI Search and navigation in dynamic environments - from individual behaviors to population distributions SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID IDEAL FREE DISTRIBUTION; AREA-RESTRICTED SEARCH; RANDOM-WALKS; SERENGETI GRAZERS; ANIMAL DISPERSAL; PERCEPTUAL RANGE; BODY-SIZE; MODELS; MOVEMENT; LANDSCAPES AB Animal movement receives widespread attention within ecology and behavior. However, much research is restricted within isolated sub-disciplines focusing on single phenomena such as navigation (e.g. homing behavior), search strategies (e.g. Levy flights) or theoretical considerations of optimal population dispersion (e.g. ideal free distribution). To help synthesize existing research, we outline a unifying conceptual framework that integrates individual-level behaviors and population-level spatial distributions with respect to spatio-temporal resource dynamics. We distinguish among (1) non-oriented movements based on diffusion and kinesis in response to proximate stimuli, (2) oriented movements utilizing perceptual cues of distant targets, and (3) memory mechanisms that assume prior knowledge of a target's location. Species' use of these mechanisms depends on life-history traits and resource dynamics, which together shape population-level patterns. Resources with little spatial variability should facilitate sedentary ranges, whereas resources with predictable seasonal variation in spatial distributions should generate migratory patterns. A third pattern, 'nomadism', should emerge when resource distributions are unpredictable in both space and time. We summarize recent advances in analyses of animal trajectories and outline three major components on which future studies should focus: (1) integration across alternative movement mechanisms involving links between state variables and specific mechanisms, (2) consideration of dynamics in resource landscapes or environments that include resource gradients in predictability, variability, scale, and abundance, and finally (3) quantitative methods to distinguish among population distributions. We suggest that combining techniques such as evolutionary programming and pattern oriented modeling will help to build strong links between underlying movement mechanisms and broad-scale population distributions. C1 [Mueller, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Grad Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systamat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Conservat Res Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mueller, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Grad Program Behav Ecol Evolut & Systamat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM muellert@gmail.com RI Mueller, Thomas/A-1740-2014 OI Mueller, Thomas/0000-0001-9305-7716 NR 85 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 9 U2 103 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAY PY 2008 VL 117 IS 5 BP 654 EP 664 DI 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16291.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 295HH UT WOS:000255465100002 ER PT J AU Gurgel, CFD Fredericq, S Norris, JN Yoneshigue-Valentin, Y AF Gurgel, Carlos Frederico D. Fredericq, Suzanne Norris, James N. Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie TI Two new flat species of Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Brazil: G-abyssalis sp nov and G-brasiliensis sp nov. SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Brazil; Gracilaria; EEZ; marine algae; new species; phylogeny; rbcL; rhodophyta; systematics; western Atlantic ID SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; RBCL SEQUENCES; SUBUNIT RDNA; SYSTEMATICS; GELIDIALES; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; ATLANTIC; GENERA; MODEL AB A recent survey of the Brazilian Gracilariaceae (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales) flora aided by molecular-based phylogenetic analyses and comparative morphological data revealed two unidentified flat species of Gracilaria described here: G. abyssalis sp. nov. and G. brasiliensis sp. nov. Gracilaria ablyssalis is a deep-water species characterized by a conspicuous holdfast; a long, branched, robust stipe; irregular to sympodial branching of the thallus occasional presence of midrib; and an extensive range of broad blade morphologies. Gracilaria brasiliensis is a shallow intertidal species characterized by an inconspicuous stipe (< 1 cm), regular dichotomously branched thalli, and narrow blades and rounded apices. DNA sequence analyses of the chloroplast-encoded rbcL-gene showed that flat species of Gracilaria in the western Atlantic belong to two distinct lineages. Maximum parsimony results placed G. brasiliensis as a member of the G. mammillaris clade with no support, while Bayesian results identified this species as a disntict new independent lineage. Furthermore, it was found that G. cuneata and G. curtissiae are recently diverged sister species and that rbcL phylogenetic distances among the morphologically distinct G. intermedia and G. yoneshigueana are quite small. C1 [Gurgel, Carlos Frederico D.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Fredericq, Suzanne] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Norris, James N.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gurgel, Carlos Frederico D.; Yoneshigue-Valentin, Yocie] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Ciencias Saude, Inst Biol, Dept Bot,Ilha Fdn Rio de Janeiro, BR-21940900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Gurgel, CFD (reprint author), Plant Biodivers Ctr, Hackeny Rd,GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM fred.gurgel@adelaide.edu.au RI Yoneshigue Valentin, yocie/D-7602-2013; Gurgel, Carlos/E-6897-2014; OI Gurgel, Carlos/0000-0003-3989-1704; Gurgel, Carlos Frederico Deluqui/0000-0002-7321-6115 NR 52 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 249 EP 264 DI 10.2216/06-59.1 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 298OV UT WOS:000255697900002 ER PT J AU Cooper, RL Bildsten, L AF Cooper, Randall L. Bildsten, Lars TI Classical nucleation theory of the one-component plasma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; DENSE IONIZED MATTER; WHITE-DWARFS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; PHASE-SEPARATION; NEUTRON-STAR; CRYSTALLIZATION; MIXTURES; EQUATION AB We investigate the crystallization rate of a one-component plasma (OCP) in the context of classical nucleation theory. From our derivation of the free energy of an arbitrary distribution of solid clusters embedded in a liquid phase, we derive the steady-state nucleation rate of an OCP as a function of the Coulomb coupling parameter F. Our result for the rate is in accordance with recent molecular dynamics simulations, but it is greater than that of previous analytical estimates by many orders of magnitude. Further molecular dynamics simulations of the nucleation rate of a supercooled liquid OCP for several values of F would clarify the physics of this process. C1 [Cooper, Randall L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cooper, Randall L.; Bildsten, Lars] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bildsten, Lars] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Cooper, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 5 AR 056405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.056405 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 315NA UT WOS:000256885500057 PM 18643174 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Boness, DJ Iverson, SJ McMillan, J Bowen, WD AF Noren, Shawn R. Boness, Daryl J. Iverson, Sara J. McMillan, Jim Bowen, W. Don TI Body condition at weaning affects the duration of the postweaning fast in gray seal pups (Halichoerus grypus) SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; HYDROGEN-ISOTOPE-DILUTION; DEER CERVUS-ELAPHUS; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; GREY SEALS; PROTEIN CONSERVATION; WEDDELL SEALS; HARBOR SEAL; MASS; SURVIVAL AB Gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) undergo a terrestrial postweaning fast (PWF) that depletes energy reserves acquired during the suckling interval. Plasticity in PWF duration may ensure that pups of variable body condition depart for sea with adequate energy reserves. To test this hypothesis, we examined body condition of 30 gray seal pups at weaning and monitored their PWF duration. On average, fat accounted for 47.3% +/- 0.7% of their 53.2 +/- 1.3-kg weaning mass. Although fasting duration averaged 21 +/- 1.1 d (n = 28), there was considerable variation in fasting duration (9 to >31 d) and the resulting age when pups departed to sea (26 to >49 d). Percent fat at weaning (38.6%-54.6%) was positively correlated with fasting duration (n = 28, r = 0.376, P = 0.0489). In contrast, total body gross energy (735.3-1,447.4 MJ) and body mass (39.0-66.0 kg) were not correlated with fasting duration. Thus, body composition, not overall body reserves, predicted fasting duration, but the effect was weak, indicating that other factors also account for the observed variation in fasting duration. We speculate that pups with greater percent fat more effectively utilized lipid and conserved protein while meeting metabolic costs throughout the PWF. As a result, fatter pups extended the PWF duration, which may be critical for development of diving physiology and may have facilitated their survivorship to age 1. C1 [Noren, Shawn R.; Boness, Daryl J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Life Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [McMillan, Jim; Bowen, W. Don] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Fish Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu RI Bowen, William/D-2758-2012 NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 81 IS 3 BP 269 EP 277 DI 10.1086/528777 PG 9 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 282OL UT WOS:000254577000003 PM 18419553 ER PT J AU Girardi, L Dalcanton, J Williams, B De Jong, R Gallart, C Monelli, M Groenewegen, MAT Holtzman, JA Olsen, KAG Seth, AC Weisz, DR AF Girardi, Leo Dalcanton, Julianne Williams, Benjamin De Jong, Roelof Gallart, Carme Monelli, Matteo Groenewegen, Martin A. T. Holtzman, Jon A. Olsen, Knut A. G. Seth, Anil C. Weisz, Daniel R. CA ANGST ANGRRR Collaboration TI Revised bolometric corrections and interstellar extinction coefficients for the ACS and WFPC2 photometric systems SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC LA English DT Article ID GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; GIANT BRANCH STARS; DA WHITE-DWARFS; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; THEORETICAL ISOCHRONES; ULTRAVIOLET EXTINCTION; EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS; ADVANCED CAMERA; BROWN DWARFS; MASS STARS AB We present extensive tables of bolometric corrections and interstellar extinction coefficients for the WFPC2 and ACS (both WFC and HRC) photometric systems. They are derived from synthetic photometry applied to a database of spectral energy distributions covering a large range of effective temperatures, surface gravity, and metal content. Carbon stars are also considered. The zero points take into consideration the new high-accuracy Vega fluxes from Bohlin. These tables are employed to transform Padova isochrones into WFPC2 and ACS photometric systems using interstellar extinction coefficients on a star-to-star basis. All data are available either in tabular form or via an interactive web interface in the case of the isochrones. Preliminary tables for the WFC3 camera are also included in the database. C1 [Girardi, Leo] Osserv Astron Padova, Padua, Italy. [Dalcanton, Julianne; Williams, Benjamin] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [De Jong, Roelof] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gallart, Carme; Monelli, Matteo] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. [Groenewegen, Martin A. T.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Holtzman, Jon A.] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Olsen, Knut A. G.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Gemini Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Seth, Anil C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Boston, MA USA. [Weisz, Daniel R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Girardi, L (reprint author), Osserv Astron Padova, Padua, Italy. NR 46 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-6280 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC PAC JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 120 IS 867 BP 583 EP 591 DI 10.1086/588526 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 297GY UT WOS:000255606300010 ER PT J AU Perinati, E Barbera, M Varisco, S Silver, E Beeman, J Pigot, C AF Perinati, E. Barbera, M. Varisco, S. Silver, E. Beeman, J. Pigot, C. TI Experimental evidence of an incomplete thermalization of the energy in an x-ray microcalorimeter with a Ta/Au absorber SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ASTRONOMY AB We have conducted an experimental test at our XACT facility using an x-ray microcalorimeter with Ta/Au absorber and neutron transmutation doped germanium thermal sensor. The test was aimed at measuring the percentage of energy effectively thermalized after absorption of x-ray photons in superconducting tantalum. Moreover, in general, possible formation of long living quasiparticles implies that by using a superconducting absorber, a fraction of the deposited energy could not be thermalized on the useful time scale of the thermal sensor. To investigate this scenario, we exploited an absorber made of gold, where no energy trapping is expected, with a small piece of superconducting tantalum attached on top. We obtained evidence that the thermalization of photons absorbed in tantalum is delayed by energy trapping from quasiparticles. We compare the experimental results with numerical simulations and derive a value for the intrinsic lifetime of quasiparticles. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Perinati, E.] INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Barbera, M.] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. [Varisco, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron G S Vaiana, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Silver, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Beeman, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. [Pigot, C.] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Perinati, E (reprint author), INAF Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. OI Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420; Varisco, Salvatore/0000-0002-6891-8390 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 AR 053905 DI 10.1063/1.2924211 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 307FS UT WOS:000256305400024 PM 18513077 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI Rococo rocks on - GNP or GNH? (Folklife Festival) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD MAY PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 292LW UT WOS:000255268600015 ER PT J AU Liu, HM Ferguson, DK Hueber, FM Li, CS Wang, YF AF Liu, Hai-Ming Ferguson, David K. Hueber, Francis M. Li, Cheng-Sen Wang, Yu-Fei TI Taxonomy and systematic of Ephedrites cheniae and Alloephedra xingxuei (Ephedraceae) SO TAXON LA English DT Article DE Alloephedra; Early Cretaceous; Ephedra; Ephedraceae; Ephedrites ID SEED PLANT PHYLOGENY; EXTANT GYMNOSPERMS; GNETALES; CONIFERS; YIXIAN; ORIGIN; CHINA AB New specimens of Liaoxia cheniae ( Ephedrites cheniae) have been collected from the Jianshangou Bed (Liaoning, China). A reinvestigation indicates that this species belongs to Ephedra. A new combination is therefore proposed. The branching pattern of living plants and exsiccatae of Ephedra were compared with those of Alloephedra xingxuei. The results suggest that Alloephedra xingxuei be transferred to Ephedra, as E. xingxuei comb. nov. C1 [Liu, Hai-Ming; Li, Cheng-Sen; Wang, Yu-Fei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Liu, Hai-Ming; Li, Cheng-Sen] Beijing Museum Nat Hist, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China. [Liu, Hai-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Ferguson, David K.] Univ Vienna, Dept Palaeontol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Hueber, Francis M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Li, CS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM lics@ibcas.ac.cn NR 37 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY PI VIENNA PA C/O UNIV VIENNA, INST BOTANY, RENNWEG 14, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0040-0262 J9 TAXON JI Taxon PD MAY PY 2008 VL 57 IS 2 BP 577 EP 582 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 312RD UT WOS:000256687600015 ER PT J AU Chullasorn, S Kangtia, P Pinkae, K Ferrari, FD AF Chullasorn, Supawadee Kangtia, Pawana Pinkaew, Khwanruan Ferrari, Frank D. TI Apocyclops ramkhamhaengi sp nov (Copepoda : Cyclopoida) in a culture originating from brackish waters of Chang Island, Trat Province, Thailand SO ZOOLOGICAL STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Apocyclops ramkhamhaengi; new species; Thailand ID PATTERNS AB A new brackish-water planktonic copepod belonging to the family Cyclopidae of the Copepoda, Apocyclops ramkhamhaengi sp. nov., is described from a culture originating off Chang I., Trat Province, Thailand. The new species is the first record of this genus from Thailand and the 4th species of the genus from Asia. Antenna 2 with an endopod of 2 segments separates A. ramkhamhaengi sp. nov. from A. dengizicus (Lepeshkin). A posterolateral, rounded projection of pediger 4, and a simple line of spinules ventrally on pediger 5 separates A. ramkhamhaengi sp. nov. from A. royi (Lindberg). A slight posterolateral projection on pediger 3 and a series of ridges dorsally on the basis of maxilla 2 are unique for A. ramkhamhaengi sp. nov., and separate it from A. borneoensis Lindberg. C1 [Chullasorn, Supawadee; Kangtia, Pawana] Ramkhamhang Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. [Pinkaew, Khwanruan] Burapha Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Bangsaen 20131, Chonburi Prov, Thailand. [Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 534, IZ MSC, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Chullasorn, S (reprint author), Ramkhamhang Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Bangkok 10240, Thailand. EM csupawadee@yahoo.com NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACAD SINICA INST ZOOLOGY PI TAIPEI PA EDITORIAL OFFICE, TAIPEI 115, TAIWAN SN 1021-5506 J9 ZOOL STUD JI Zool. Stud. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 3 BP 326 EP 337 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 312RH UT WOS:000256688000010 ER PT J AU Surlykke, A Kalko, EKV AF Surlykke, Annemarie Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Echolocating Bats Cry Out Loud to Detect Their Prey SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Echolocating bats have successfully exploited a broad range of habitats and prey. Much research has demonstrated how time-frequency structure of echolocation calls of different species is adapted to acoustic constraints of habitats and foraging behaviors. However, the intensity of bat calls has been largely neglected although intensity is a key factor determining echolocation range and interactions with other bats and prey. Differences in detection range, in turn, are thought to constitute a mechanism promoting resource partitioning among bats, which might be particularly important for the species-rich bat assemblages in the tropics. Here we present data on emitted intensities for 11 species from 5 families of insectivorous bats from Panama hunting in open or background cluttered space or over water. We recorded all bats in their natural habitat in the field using a multi-microphone array coupled with photographic methods to assess the bats' position in space to estimate emitted call intensities. All species emitted intense search signals. Output intensity was reduced when closing in on background by 4-7 dB per halving of distance. Source levels of open space and edge space foragers (Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Molossidae, and Vespertilionidae) ranged between 122-134 dB SPL. The two Noctilionidae species hunting over water emitted the loudest signals recorded so far for any bat with average source levels of ca. 137 dB SPL and maximum levels above 140 dB SPL. In spite of this ten-fold variation in emitted intensity, estimates indicated, surprisingly, that detection distances for prey varied far less; bats emitting the highest intensities also emitted the highest frequencies, which are severely attenuated in air. Thus, our results suggest that bats within a local assemblage compensate for frequency dependent attenuation by adjusting the emitted intensity to achieve comparable detection distances for prey across species. We conclude that for bats with similar hunting habits, prey detection range represents a unifying constraint on the emitted intensity largely independent of call shape, body size, and close phylogenetic relationships. C1 [Surlykke, Annemarie] Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, Odense, Denmark. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Surlykke, A (reprint author), Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, Odense, Denmark. EM ams@biology.sdu.dk FU Danish National Research Foundation; Danish Natural Science Research Foundation; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI); German Science Foundation (DFG) FX The research was funded by the Danish National Research Foundation and the Danish Natural Science Research Foundation (to AS) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) and the German Science Foundation (DFG) (to EKVK). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 4 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 AR e2036 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002036 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 381YR UT WOS:000261572300009 PM 18446226 ER PT J AU Burns, JM Janzen, DH Hajibabaei, M Hallwachs, W Hebert, PDN AF Burns, John M. Janzen, Daniel H. Hajibabaei, Mehrdad Hallwachs, Winnie Hebert, Paul D. N. TI DNA barcodes and cryptic species of skipper butterflies in the genus Perichares in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Costa Rica SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE caterpillars; foodplants; genitalia; species diversity; taxonomy ID LEPIDOPTERA AB DNA barcodes can be used to identify cryptic species of skipper butterflies previously detected by classic taxonomic methods and to provide first clues to the existence of yet other cryptic species. A striking case is the common geographically and ecologically widespread neotropical skipper butterfly Perichares philetes (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), described in 1775, which barcoding splits into a complex of four species in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. Three of the species are new, and all four are described. Caterpillars, pupae, and foodplants offer better distinguishing characters than do adults, whose differences are mostly average, subtle, and blurred by intraspecific variation. The caterpillars of two species are generalist grass-eaters; of the other two, specialist palm-eaters, each of which feeds on different genera. But all of these cryptic species are more specialized in their diet than was the morphospecies that held them. The four ACG taxa discovered to date belong to a panneotropical complex of at least eight species. This complex likely includes still more species, whose exposure may require barcoding. Barcoding ACG hesperiid morphospecies has increased their number by nearly 10%, an unexpectedly high figure for such relatively well known insects. C1 [Burns, John M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hajibabaei, Mehrdad; Hebert, Paul D. N.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Janzen, Daniel H.; Hallwachs, Winnie] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Burns, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 127, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM burnsj@si.edu; djanzen@sas.upenn.edu RI Hebert, Paul/C-4161-2013 OI Hebert, Paul/0000-0002-3081-6700 NR 22 TC 121 Z9 135 U1 7 U2 43 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 29 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 17 BP 6350 EP 6355 DI 10.1073/pnas.0712181105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 296HM UT WOS:000255534100026 PM 18436645 ER PT J AU Long, WC Brylawski, BJ Seitz, RD AF Long, W. Christopher Brylawski, Bryce J. Seitz, Rochelle D. TI Behavioral effects of low dissolved oxygen on the bivalve Macoma balthica SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavior; bivalves; burial depth; hypoxia; Eutrophication; Macoma balthica ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; BOTTOM-WATER HYPOXIA; ESTUARINE FOOD-WEB; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BLUE CRABS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; ORGANIC ENRICHMENT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PERIODIC HYPOXIA; FISH AB Hypoxia, a dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) below 2 mg l(-1), is a significant stressor in many estuarine ecosystems. Many sedentary organisms, unable to move to avoid hypoxic areas, have metabolic and behavioral adaptations to hypoxic stress. We tested the effects of hypoxia on the behavior and mortality of the clam Macoma balthica, using four levels of dissolved oxygen in flow-through tanks. We used five replicates of each of four treatments: (1) Hypoxic (DO mean +/- SE= 1.1 +/- 0.06 Mg O-2 l(-1)), (2) Moderately bypoxic (DO 2.6 +/- 0.05 mg O-2 l(-1)), (3) Nearly normoxic (DO 3.2 +/- 0.04 Mg O-2 l(-1)),(4) Normoxic (DO=4.9 +/- 0.13 Mg O-2 l(-1)). We lowered the dissolved oxygen with a novel fluidized mud-bed, designed to mimic field conditions more closely than the common practice of solely bubbling nitrogen or other gasses. This method for lowering the DO concentrations for a laboratory setup was effective, producing 1.41 min(-1) of water with a DO of 0.8 mg O-2 l(-1) throughout the experiment. The setup greatly reduced the use of compressed nitrogen and could easily be scaled up to produce more low-DO water if necessary. The lethal concentration for 50% of the M. balthica population (LC50) was 1.7 Mg O-2 l(-1) for the 28-day experimental period. M. balthica decreased its burial depth under hypoxic and moderately hypoxic (similar to 2.5 Mg O-2 l(-1)) conditions within 72 hours of the onset of hypoxia. By the sixth day of hypoxia the burial depth had been reduced by 26 mm in the hypoxic tanks and 10 mm in the moderately hypoxic tanks. Because reduced burial depth makes the clams more vulnerable to predators, these results indicate that the sub-lethal effects of hypoxia could change the rate of predation on M. balthica in the field. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Brylawski, Bryce J.; Seitz, Rochelle D.] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM longw@si.edu RI Long, William/C-7074-2009; OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245; Seitz, Rochelle/0000-0001-8044-7424 NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.02.013 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 304IV UT WOS:000256104100005 ER PT J AU Matthew, S Ross, C Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Matthew, Susan Ross, Cliff Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Pompanopeptins A and B, new cyclic peptides from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides SO TETRAHEDRON LA English DT Article DE natural product; cyanobacteria; Lyngbya confervoides; trypsin inhibitor ID MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; AMINO-ACIDS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; BLOOM; DOLASTATIN-13; ELASTASE; TYROSINE; PLASMIN; SPONGE AB A new 3-amino-6-hydroxy-2-piperidone (Ahp) containing peptolide, pompanopeptin A (1), and a novel N-methyl-2-amino-6-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)hexanoic acid (N-Me-Ahpha) containing cyclic pentapeptide connected with a sixth amino acid residue via a rare ureido linkage, pompanopeptin B (2), were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides collected from the southeastern coast of Florida. Their planar structures were determined by a combination of NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations were established using advanced Marfey's method and chiral HPLC analysis of the chemical degradation products. Compound 1 selectively inhibited trypsin over elastase and chymotrypsin, with an IC(50) value of 2.4 mu M; selectivity is conferred by an arginine residue in the cyclic core. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Matthew, Susan; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Ross, Cliff; Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu RI Matthew, Susan/E-3817-2012; Ross, Cliff/B-8291-2011 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4020 J9 TETRAHEDRON JI Tetrahedron PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 64 IS 18 BP 4081 EP 4089 DI 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.035 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 290VJ UT WOS:000255150500020 ER PT J AU Sunshine, JM Connolly, HC Mccoy, TJ Bus, SJ La Croix, LM AF Sunshine, J. M. Connolly, H. C., Jr. McCoy, T. J. Bus, S. J. La Croix, L. M. TI Ancient asteroids enriched in refractory inclusions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY; RICH INCLUSIONS; SOLAR-SYSTEM; PHASE-II; BELT; CHONDRITES; METEORITES; SAMPLES; AL-26 AB Calcium- and aluminum- rich inclusions ( CAIs) occur in all classes of chondritic meteorites and contain refractory minerals predicted to be the first condensates from the solar nebula. Near- infrared spectra of CAIs have strong 2- micrometer absorptions, attributed to iron oxide- bearing aluminous spinel. Similar absorptions are present in the telescopic spectra of several asteroids; modeling indicates that these contain similar to 30 +/- CAIs ( two to three times that of any meteorite). Survival of these undifferentiated, large ( 50- to 100- kilometer diameter) CAI- rich bodies suggests that they may have formed before the injection of radiogenic Al-26 into the solar system. They have also experienced only modest post- accretionary alteration. Thus, these asteroids have higher concentrations of CAI material, appear less altered, and are more ancient than any known sample in our meteorite collection, making them prime candidates for sample return. C1 [Sunshine, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Connolly, H. C., Jr.] CUNY, Dept Phys Sci, Kingsborough Community Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Connolly, H. C., Jr.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Connolly, H. C., Jr.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 11024 USA. [McCoy, T. J.; La Croix, L. M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Bus, S. J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [La Croix, L. M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Sunshine, JM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jess@astro.umd.edu NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5875 BP 514 EP 517 DI 10.1126/science.1154340 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 292EM UT WOS:000255249300046 PM 18356491 ER PT J AU Fox-Dobbs, K Leonard, JA Koch, PL AF Fox-Dobbs, Kena Leonard, Jennifer A. Koch, Paul L. TI Pleistocene megafauna from eastern Beringia: Paleoecological and paleoenvironmental interpretations of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope and radiocarbon records SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE paleoecology; carnivore guild; paleodietary reconstruction; Panthera atrox; Canis hipus; homotherium; Equus lambei ID N-15 NATURAL ABUNDANCES; MAMMOTH-STEPPE; INTERIOR ALASKA; BROWN BEARS; LA-BREA; PALEOCLIMATIC INTERPRETATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC-CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; DELTA-N-15 VALUES; FORAGING ECOLOGY AB Late Pleistocene eastern Beringia is a model paleo-ecosystem for the study of potential and realized species interactions within a diverse mammalian fauna. Beringian paleontological records store a wealth of information that can be used to investigate how predator-prey and competitive interactions among consumers shifted in response to past episodes of environmental change. Two such recent periods of rapid climate change are the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the end of glacial conditions at the beginning of the Holocene. Here we assemble carbon and nitrogen stable isotope, and AMS C-14 data collected from bone collagen of late Pleistocene carnivores and megafaunal prey species from the interior of eastern Beringia (Alaska), and reconstruct the diets of ancient Alaskan carnivores and herbivores. We are able to account for the relative influences of diet versus changing environmental conditions on variances in consumer isotope values, to identify species hiatuses in the fossil record, and to draw conclusions about paleoenvironmental conditions from faunal chronologies. Our isotopic results suggest that there was dietary niche overlap among some Beringian herbivore species, and partitioning among other species. We rely upon delta C-13 and delta N-15 values of modem Alaskan C-3 plant types to infer Beringian herbivore dietary niches. Horse, bison, yak, and mammoth primarily consumed grasses, sedges, and herbaceous plant species. Caribou and woodland muskox focused upon tundra plants, including lichen, fungi, and mosses. The network of Beringian carnivore interaction was complex and dynamic, some species (wolves) persisted for long periods of time, while others were only present during specific timeframes (large felids and ursids). Beringian carnivore diets included all measured herbivore species, although mammoth and muskox only appeared in carnivore diets during specific times in the late Pleistocene. We identified the potential presence of unmeasured diet sources that may have included forest-dwelling cervids and/or plant materials. None of the large-bodied carnivore species we analyzed (except short-faced bear) were specialized predators of a single prey species during the late Pleistocene. Differences in carnivore diet and dietary breadth between time periods either reflect changes in the relative abundances of prey on the Beringian landscape, or changes in competitive interactions among Beringian carnivore species. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox-Dobbs, Kena; Koch, Paul L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fox-Dobbs, Kena; Leonard, Jennifer A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Leonard, Jennifer A.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Evolut Biol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Fox-Dobbs, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM kena@pmc.ucsc.edu RI Leonard, Jennifer/A-7894-2010 OI Leonard, Jennifer/0000-0003-0291-7819 NR 85 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.12.011 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 298PV UT WOS:000255700500003 ER PT J AU Voigt, CC Capps, KA Dechmann, DKN Michener, RH Kunz, TH AF Voigt, Christian C. Capps, Krista A. Dechmann, Dina K. N. Michener, Robert H. Kunz, Thomas H. TI Nutrition or Detoxification: Why Bats Visit Mineral Licks of the Amazonian Rainforest SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Many animals in the tropics of Africa, Asia and South America regularly visit so-called salt or mineral licks to consume clay or drink clay-saturated water. Whether this behavior is used to supplement diets with locally limited nutrients or to buffer the effects of toxic secondary plant compounds remains unclear. In the Amazonian rainforest, pregnant and lactating bats are frequently observed and captured at mineral licks. We measured the nitrogen isotope ratio in wing tissue of omnivorous short-tailed fruit bats, Carollia perspicillata, and in an obligate fruit-eating bat, Artibeus obscurus, captured at mineral licks and at control sites in the rainforest. Carollia perspicillata with a plant-dominated diet were more often captured at mineral licks than individuals with an insect-dominated diet, although insects were more mineral depleted than fruits. In contrast, nitrogen isotope ratios of A. obscurus did not differ between individuals captured at mineral lick versus control sites. We conclude that pregnant and lactating fruit-eating bats do not visit mineral licks principally for minerals, but instead to buffer the effects of secondary plant compounds that they ingest in large quantities during periods of high energy demand. These findings have potential implications for the role of mineral licks for mammals in general, including humans. C1 [Voigt, Christian C.; Dechmann, Dina K. N.] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Berlin, Germany. [Capps, Krista A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. [Dechmann, Dina K. N.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Michener, Robert H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Stable Isotope Lab, Boston, MA USA. [Kunz, Thomas H.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Conserv Biol, Boston, MA USA. RP Voigt, CC (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wildlife Res, Berlin, Germany. EM voigt@izw-berlin.de RI Dechmann, Dina/A-1827-2010 FU Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (Berlin, Germany); Department of Biology at Boston University (Boston, USA) FX Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (Berlin, Germany) and Department of Biology at Boston University (Boston, USA). Both institutions played no role in any stage of the project. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 AR e2011 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0002011 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 381TL UT WOS:000261558700027 PM 18431492 ER PT J AU Yen, AS Morris, RV Clark, BC Gellert, R Knudson, AT Squyres, S Mittlefehldt, DW Ming, DW Arvidson, R Mccoy, T Schmidt, M Hurowitz, J Li, R Johnson, JR AF Yen, A. S. Morris, R. V. Clark, B. C. Gellert, R. Knudson, A. T. Squyres, S. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Ming, D. W. Arvidson, R. McCoy, T. Schmidt, M. Hurowitz, J. Li, R. Johnson, J. R. TI Hydrothermal processes at Gusev Crater: An evaluation of Paso Robles class soils SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID MARS EXPLORATION ROVERS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; MOSSBAUER SPECTROMETER; LANDING SITES; IRON MOUNTAIN; SULFATE SALTS; SPIRIT ROVER; MINERALOGY; VOLCANO; CALIFORNIA AB The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit analyzed multiple occurrences of sulfur-rich, light-toned soils along its traverse within Gusev Crater. These hydrated deposits are not readily apparent in images of undisturbed soil but are present at shallow depths and were exposed by the actions of the rover wheels. Referred to as "Paso Robles'' class soils, they are dominated by ferric iron sulfates, silica, and Mg-sulfates. Ca-sulfates, Ca-phosphates, and other minor phases are also indicated in certain specific samples. The chemical compositions are highly variable over both centimeter-scale distances and between the widely separated exposures, but they clearly reflect the elemental signatures of nearby rocks. The quantity of typical basaltic soil mixed into the light-toned materials prior to excavation by the rover wheels is minimal, suggesting negligible reworking of the deposits after their initial formation. The mineralogy, geochemistry, variability, association with local compositions, and geologic setting of the deposits suggest that Paso Robles class soils likely formed as hydrothermal and fumarolic condensates derived from magma degassing and/or oxidative alteration of crustal iron sulfide deposits. Their occurrence as unconsolidated, near-surface soils permits, though does not require, an age that is significantly younger than that of the surrounding rocks. C1 [Yen, A. S.; Hurowitz, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Morris, R. V.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Ming, D. W.] NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Clark, B. C.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Littleton, CO USA. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Knudson, A. T.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Squyres, S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Arvidson, R.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McCoy, T.; Schmidt, M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat History, Washington, DC USA. [Li, R.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Mapping, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Johnson, J. R.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Yen, AS (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 NR 61 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S10 DI 10.1029/2007JE002978 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 295FT UT WOS:000255461100001 ER PT J AU Butt, YM Combi, JA Drake, J Finley, JP Konopelko, A Lister, M Rodriguez, J Shepherd, D AF Butt, Y. M. Combi, J. A. Drake, J. Finley, J. P. Konopelko, A. Lister, M. Rodriguez, J. Shepherd, D. TI TeV J2032+4130: a not-so-dark accelerator? SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; magnetic fields; cosmic rays; supernova remnants; gamma-rays : observations; gamma-rays : theory ID GAMMA-RAY SOURCE; RADIO GALAXY; CYGNUS OB2; STELLAR WINDS; MASSIVE STARS; COSMIC-RAYS; FOLLOW-UP; EMISSION; TELESCOPE; TEV-J2032+4130 AB The HEGRA gamma-ray source TeV J2032+4130 is considered the prototypical 'dark accelerator', since it was the first TeV source detected with no firm counterparts at lower frequencies. The Whipple collaboration observed this source in 2003-05 and the emission hotspot appears displaced about 9 arcmin to the northeast of the HEGRA position, though given the large positional uncertainties the HEGRA and Whipple positions are consistent. Here we report on Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT), Very Large Array (VLA), Chandra and INTEGRAL data covering the locations of the Whipple and HEGRA hotspots. We confirm a dual-lobed radio source coincident with the Whipple hotspot, as well as a weak, partially non-thermal shell-like object, with a location and morphology very similar to the HEGRA source, in our WSRT and mosaicked VLA data sets, respectively. Due to its extended nature, it is likely that the latter structure is a more plausible counterpart of the reported very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emissions in this region. If so, TeV J2032+4130 may not be a 'dark accelerator' after all. Further observations with the new generation of imaging Cherenkov telescopes are needed to pin down the precise location and morphology of the TeV emission region and thus clear up the confusion over its possible lower frequency counterparts. C1 [Butt, Y. M.; Drake, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Combi, J. A.] Univ Jaen, Dept Fis EPS, Jaen 23071, Spain. [Finley, J. P.; Konopelko, A.; Lister, M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rodriguez, J.] CEA Saclay, DSM DAPNIA SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Shepherd, D.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ybutt2002@yahoo.com OI Rodriguez, Jerome/0000-0002-4151-4468 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 4 BP 1764 EP 1770 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12959.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SI UT WOS:000255142100007 ER PT J AU Georgakakis, A Nandra, K Yan, R Willner, SP Lotz, JM Pierce, CM Cooper, MC Laird, ES Koo, DC Barmby, P Newman, JA Primack, JR Coil, AL AF Georgakakis, A. Nandra, K. Yan, R. Willner, S. P. Lotz, J. M. Pierce, C. M. Cooper, M. C. Laird, E. S. Koo, D. C. Barmby, P. Newman, J. A. Primack, J. R. Coil, A. L. TI The role of AGN in the colour transformation of galaxies at redshifts z approximate to 1 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies : active; galaxies : bulges; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : interactions; cosmology : observations ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; EXTENDED GROTH STRIP; X-RAY-PROPERTIES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; SKY SURVEY FIELDS; HOST GALAXIES AB We explore the role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in establishing and/or maintaining the bimodal colour distribution of galaxies by quenching their star formation and hence, causing their transition from the blue to the red cloud. Important tests for this scenario include (i) the X-ray properties of galaxies in the transition zone between the two clouds and (ii) the incidence of AGN in post-starbursts, i.e. systems observed shortly after (< 1 Gyr) the termination of their star formation. We perform these tests by combining deep Chandra observations with multiwavelength data from the All-wavelength Extended Groth strip International Survey (AEGIS). Stacking the X-ray photons at the positions of galaxies (0.4 < z < 0.9) not individually detected at X-ray wavelengths suggests a population of obscured AGN among sources in the transition zone and in the red cloud. Their mean X-ray and mid-infrared (IR) properties are consistent with moderately obscured low-luminosity AGN, Compton thick sources or a mix of both. Morphologies show that major mergers are unlikely to drive the evolution of this population but minor interactions may play a role. The incidence of obscured AGN in the red cloud (both direct detections and stacking results) suggests that black hole (BH) accretion outlives the termination of the star formation. This is also supported by our finding that post-starburst galaxies at z approximate to 0.8 and AGN are associated, in agreement with recent results at low z. A large fraction of post-starbursts and red cloud galaxies show evidence for at least moderate levels of AGN obscuration. This implies that if AGN outflows cause the colour transformation of galaxies, then some nuclear gas and dust clouds either remain unaffected or relax to the central galaxy regions after quenching their star formation. C1 [Georgakakis, A.; Nandra, K.; Laird, E. S.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Yan, R.; Cooper, M. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Willner, S. P.; Barmby, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lotz, J. M.; Pierce, C. M.; Primack, J. R.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lotz, J. M.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Cooper, M. C.; Coil, A. L.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Koo, D. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Koo, D. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Newman, J. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Georgakakis, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Astrophys Grp, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BZ, England. EM age@ic.ac.uk RI Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016; OI Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090; Georgakakis, Antonis/0000-0002-3514-2442 NR 94 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 4 BP 2049 EP 2060 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12962.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SI UT WOS:000255142100032 ER PT J AU Munoz, JA Loeb, A AF Munoz, Joseph A. Loeb, Abraham TI Verifying the identity of high-redshift massive galaxies through the clustering of lower mass galaxies around them SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : high-redshift; cosmology : theory ID Z-SIMILAR-TO-6; REIONIZATION; EVOLUTION; FIELD; MODEL AB Massive high-redshift galaxies form in overdense regions where the probability of forming other galaxies is also strongly enhanced. Given an observed flux of a galaxy, the inferred mass of its host halo tends to be larger as its inferred redshift increases. As the mass and redshift of a galaxy halo increase, the expected clustering of other galaxies around it gets stronger. It is therefore possible to verify the high-redshift identity of a galaxy (prior to an unambiguous spectral identification) from the clustering of other galaxies around it. We illustrate this method for the massive galaxy suggested by Mobasher et al. to be at redshift z similar to 6.5. If this galaxy were to exist at z similar to 6.5, there should have been a mean of similar to 10 galaxies larger than a hundredth of its mass and having z-band magnitudes less than similar to 22 detected as i-dropouts in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF). We calculate an approximate probability distribution for neighbour galaxies and determine that there is less than a similar to 0.3 per cent chance of detecting no massive neighbour galaxies. The lack of other massive z similar to 6.5 galaxies in the HUDF image argues that the Mobasher et al. galaxy is instead a low-redshift interloper. We generalize our results to other galaxy masses and redshifts. C1 [Munoz, Joseph A.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Munoz, JA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jamunoz@cfa.harvard.edu; aloeb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Munoz, Joseph/A-3336-2013 OI Munoz, Joseph/0000-0003-1588-1296 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 4 BP 2175 EP 2180 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12986.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 290SI UT WOS:000255142100044 ER PT J AU Fossati, G Buckley, JH Bond, IH Bradbury, SM Carter-Lewis, DA Chow, YCK Cui, W Falcone, AD Finley, JP Gaidos, JA Grube, J Holder, J Horan, D Horns, D Jordan, MM Kieda, DB Kildea, J Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Lee, K Moriarty, P Ong, RA Petry, D Quinn, J Sembroski, GH Wakely, SP Weekes, TC AF Fossati, G. Buckley, J. H. Bond, I. H. Bradbury, S. M. Carter-Lewis, D. A. Chow, Y. C. K. Cui, W. Falcone, A. D. Finley, J. P. Gaidos, J. A. Grube, J. Holder, J. Horan, D. Horns, D. Jordan, M. M. Kieda, D. B. Kildea, J. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Lee, K. Moriarty, P. Ong, R. A. Petry, D. Quinn, J. Sembroski, G. H. Wakely, S. P. Weekes, T. C. TI Multiwavelength observations of Markarian 421 in 2001 March: An unprecedented view on the X-ray/TeV correlated variability SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects : individual (Mrk 421); galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; gamma rays : observations; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : individual (Mrk 421) ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; TEV BLAZAR MARKARIAN-421; RAY TIMING EXPLORER; BL-LAC OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAYS; LACERTAE OBJECTS; STRONG FLARES; EMISSION; EVOLUTION AB We present a detailed analysis of week-long simultaneous observations of the blazar Mrk 421 at 2-60 keV X-rays (RXTE) and TeV gamma-rays (Whipple and HEGRA) in 2001. Accompanying optical monitoring was performed with the Mt. Hopkins 48 inch telescope. The unprecedented quality of this data set enables us to establish the existence of the correlation between the TeV and X-ray luminosities, and also to start unveiling some of its characteristics, in particular its energy dependence and time variability. The source shows strong variations in both X-ray and gamma-ray bands, which are highly correlated. No evidence of an X-ray/gamma-ray interband lag tau is found on the full week data set, with tau less than or similar to 3 ks. A detailed analysis of the March 19 flare, however, reveals that data are not consistent with the peak of the outburst in the 2-4 keVX-ray and TeV band being simultaneous. We estimate a 2: 1 +/-0: 7 ks TeV lag. The amplitudes of the X-ray and gamma-ray variations are also highly correlated, and the TeV luminosity increases more than linearly with respect to the X-ray one. The high degree of correlation lends further support to the standard model in which a unique electron population produces the X-rays by synchrotron radiation and the gamma-ray component by inverse Compton scattering. However, the finding that for the individual best observed flares the gamma-ray flux scales approximately quadratically with respect to the X-ray flux poses a serious challenge to emission models for TeV blazars, as it requires rather special conditions and/or fine tuning of the temporal evolution of the physical parameters of the emission region. We briefly discuss the astrophysical consequences of these new findings in the context of the competing models for the jet emission in blazars. C1 [Fossati, G.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buckley, J. H.; Krawczynski, H.; Lee, K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bond, I. H.; Bradbury, S. M.; Grube, J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Carter-Lewis, D. A.; Petry, D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chow, Y. C. K.; Ong, R. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gaidos, J. A.; Sembroski, G. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Falcone, A. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Horan, D.; Kildea, J.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Obsev, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Horan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Horan, D.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Jordan, M. M.] Raytheon Co, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. [Kieda, D. B.; LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Sch Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Petry, D.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Quinn, J.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Wakely, S. P.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Fossati, G (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM gfossati@rice.edu; buckley@wuphys.wustl.edu RI Fossati, Giovanni/A-5841-2009; Horns, Dieter/C-9727-2011; OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 NR 55 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 906 EP 925 DI 10.1086/527311 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000009 ER PT J AU Dey, A Soifer, BT Desai, V Brand, K Le Floc'h, E Brown, MJI Jannuzi, BT Armus, L Bussmann, S Brodwin, M Bian, C Eisenhardt, P Higdon, SJ Weedman, D Willner, SP AF Dey, Arjun Soifer, B. T. Desai, Vandana Brand, Kate Le Floc'h, Emeric Brown, Michael J. I. Jannuzi, Buell T. Armus, Lee Bussmann, Shane Brodwin, Mark Bian, Chao Eisenhardt, Peter Higdon, Sarah J. Weedman, Daniel Willner, S. P. TI A significant population of very luminous dust-obscured galaxies at redshift z similar to 2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCE COUNTS; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; KECK-II-TELESCOPE; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; X-RAY SURVEY; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES AB The Spitzer Space Telescope has revealed a significant population of high-redshift (z similar to 2) dust-obscured galaxies with large mid-infrared to ultraviolet luminosity ratios. Due to their optical faintness, these galaxies have been previously missed in traditional optical studies of the distant universe. We present a simple method for selecting this high-redshift population based solely on the ratio of the observed mid-infrared 24 mu m to optical R-band flux density. We apply this method to observations of the approximate to 8.6 deg(2) NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Bootes field, and uncover approximate to 2600 dust-obscured galaxy candidates [i. e., 0.089 arcmin(-2)) with 24 mu m flux densities F-24 mu m >= 0.3 mJy and (R-[24]) >= 14 (i. e., F-v(24 mu m)/ F-v(R) >= 1000]. These galaxies have no counterparts in the local universe. They represent 7% +/-0: 6% of the 24 mu m source population at F-24 mu m >= 1 mJy but increase to approximate to 13% +/-1% of the population at approximate to 0.3 mJy. These galaxies exhibit evidence of both star formation and AGN activity, with the brighter 24 mu m sources being more AGN-dominated. We have measured spectroscopic redshifts for 86 of these galaxies, and find a broad redshift distribution centered at (z) over bar approximate to 1.99 +/-0.05. The space density of this population is Sigma(DOG) (F-24 mu m >= 0.3 mJy) (2.82 +/-0.05) x 10(-5)h(70)(3) Mpc(-3), similar to that of bright submillimeter-selected galaxies at comparable redshifts. These redshifts imply large luminosities, with median VLv(8 mu m) approximate to 4 x 10(11) L-circle dot. The infrared luminosity density contributed by this relatively rare dust-obscured galaxy population is log(IRLD) approximate to 8: 23(-0.30)(+0.18). This is approximate to 60(-15)(+40)% of that contributed by z similar to 2 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs, with L-IR > 10(12) L-circle dot); our simple selection thus identifies a significant fraction of z similar to 2 ULIRGs. This IRLD is approximate to 26% +/-14% of the total contributed by all z similar to 2 galaxies. We suggest that these dust-obscured galaxies are the progenitors of luminous (similar to 4L *) present-day galaxies, seen undergoing an extremely luminous, short-lived phase of both bulge and black hole growth. They may represent a brief evolutionary phase between submillimeter-selected galaxies and less obscured quasars or galaxies. C1 [Dey, Arjun; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Brodwin, Mark] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Soifer, B. T.; Desai, Vandana; Bian, Chao] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Soifer, B. T.; Armus, Lee] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brand, Kate] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Le Floc'h, Emeric] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Brown, Michael J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Bussmann, Shane] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Eisenhardt, Peter] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Higdon, Sarah J.] Georgia So Univ, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Weedman, Daniel] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Willner, S. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dey, A (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM dey@noao.edu RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137 NR 76 TC 191 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 943 EP 956 DI 10.1086/529516 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000011 ER PT J AU Gavazzi, R Treu, T Koopmans, LVE Bolton, AS Moustakas, LA Burles, S Marshall, PJ AF Gavazzi, Raphael Treu, Tommaso Koopmans, Leon V. E. Bolton, Adam S. Moustakas, Leonidas A. Burles, Scott Marshall, Philip J. TI The sloan lens ACS survey. VI. Discovery and analysis of a double Einstein ring SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; dark matter; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular; cD; galaxies : halos; galaxies : structure; gravitational lensing ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DARK-MATTER HALOS; GRAVITATIONAL LENS; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; STELLAR DYNAMICS; DENSITY PROFILE; MASS; IMAGES AB We report the discovery of two concentric Einstein rings around the gravitational lens SDSS J0946+ 1006. The main lens is at redshift z(l) = 0.222, while the inner ring ( 1) is at redshift z(s1) 0.609 (R-Ein1 = 1.43 '' +/- 0.01 ''). The wider image separation ( R-Ein2 = 2.07 '' +/- 0.02 '') of the outer ring (2) implies a higher redshift than that of ring 1; the detection of ring 2 in the F814WACS filter implies an upper limit of z(s2) less than or similar to 6.9. The main lens can be described by a power- law total mass density profile rho(tot) proportional to r(-gamma ') with gamma ' = 2.00 +/- 0.03 and velocity dispersion sigma(SIE) = 287 +/- 5 km s(-1) ( the stellar velocity dispersion is sigma(v,*) = 284 +/- 24 km s(-1)). The strong lensing configuration is inconsistent with light traces mass. Adopting a prior on the stellar mass- to- light ratio from previous SLACS work, we infer a 73% +/- 9% dark matter fraction within the cylinder of radius equal to the effective radius of the lens. We find that, for the case of SDSS J0946+ 1006, the geometry of the two rings does not place interesting constraints on cosmography because of the suboptimal redshifts of lens and sources. We then consider the perturbing effect of the mass associated with ring 1 building a compound lens model. This introduces minor changes to the mass of the main lens and provides an estimate of z(s2) = 3.1(-1.0)(+2.0) and of the mass of the source responsible for ring 1 (sigma(SIE,s1) = 94(-47)(+27) km s(-1)). We conclude by examining the prospects of doing cosmography with a sample of 50 double rings, expected from future space- based surveys. Accounting for uncertainties in the mass profile of the lens and the effects of the perturber, we find that such a sample would constrain Omega(m) and within 10%, assuming flatness. C1 [Gavazzi, Raphael; Treu, Tommaso; Marshall, Philip J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Koopmans, Leon V. E.] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Bolton, Adam S.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bolton, Adam S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Moustakas, Leonidas A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Burles, Scott] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gavazzi, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NR 58 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1046 EP 1059 DI 10.1086/529541 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000019 ER PT J AU Thaddeus, P Gottlieb, CA Gupta, H Brunken, S McCarthy, MC Agundez, M Guelin, M Cernicharo, J AF Thaddeus, P. Gottlieb, C. A. Gupta, H. Bruenken, S. McCarthy, M. C. Agundez, M. Guelin, M. Cernicharo, J. TI Laboratory and astronomical detection of the negative molecular ion C3N- SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; line : identification; molecular data; molecular processes; radio lines : ISM ID AUTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL SPECTRA; LINE SURVEY; C4H; IRC+10216; C8H; RADICALS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ATTACHMENT; DYNAMICS AB The negative molecular ion C3N- has been detected at millimeter wavelengths in a low-pressure laboratory discharge, and then with frequencies derived from the laboratory data in the molecular envelope of IRC+10216. Spectroscopic constants derived from laboratory measurements of 12 transitions between 97 and 378 GHz allow the rotational spectrum to be calculated well into the submillimeter-wave band to 0.03 km s(-1) or better in equivalent radial velocity. Four transitions of C3N- were detected in IRC+10216 with the IRAM 30 m telescope at precisely the frequencies calculated from the laboratory measurements. The column density of C3N- is 0.5% that of C3N, or approximately 20 times greater than that of C4H- relative to C4H. The C3N- abundance in IRC+10216 is compared with a chemical model calculation by Petrie & Herbst. An upper limit in TMC-1 for C3N- relative to C3N (< 0.8%) and a limit for C4H- relative to C4H (< 0.004%) that is 5 times lower than that found in IRC+10216, were obtained from observations with the NRAO 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The fairly high concentration of C1 [Thaddeus, P.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Gupta, H.; Bruenken, S.; McCarthy, M. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Thaddeus, P.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Gupta, H.; Bruenken, S.; McCarthy, M. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gupta, H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Gupta, H.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Biochem, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Agundez, M.; Cernicharo, J.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Mol & Infrared Astrophys, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Guelin, M.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Guelin, M.] Ecole Normale Super, LERMA, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Thaddeus, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM pthaddeus@cfa.harvard.edu; cgottlieb@cfa.harvard.edu; hgupta@cfa.harvard.edu; sbruenken@cfa.harvard.edu; mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu; marce@damir.iem.csic.es; guelin@iram.fr; cerni@damir.iem.csic.es RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010; Agundez, Marcelino/I-5369-2012; OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828; Agundez, Marcelino/0000-0003-3248-3564; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008 NR 38 TC 133 Z9 133 U1 5 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1132 EP 1139 DI 10.1086/528947 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000026 ER PT J AU Weintroub, J Moran, JM Wilner, DJ Young, K Rao, R Shinnaga, H AF Weintroub, Jonathan Moran, James M. Wilner, David J. Young, Ken Rao, Ramprasad Shinnaga, Hiroko TI Submillimeter array imaging of the maser emission from the H30 alpha radio recombination line in MWC 349A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; masers; radio lines : stars; stars : emission-line; Be; stars : individual (MWC 349A); stars : winds, outflows ID STAR MWC 349A; SPIRAL ARMS; DISK; IMAGES; SYSTEM AB We used the Submillimeter Array to map the angular distribution of the H30 alpha recombination line (231.9 GHz) in the circumstellar region of the peculiar star MWC349A. The resolution was 1.2 '', but because of high signal-to-noise ratio we measured the positions of all maser components to accuracies better than 0.0100, at a velocity resolution of 1 km s(-1). The two strongest maser components (called high-velocity components) at velocities near -14 and 32 km s(-1) are separated by 0: 048 '' +/- 0: 001 '' (60 AU) along a position angle of 102 degrees +/- 1 degrees. The distribution of maser emission at velocities between and beyond these two strongest components were also provided. The continuum emission lies at the center of the maser distribution to within 10 mas. The masers appear to trace a nearly edge-on rotating disk structure, reminiscent of the water masers in Keplerian rotation in the nuclear accretion disk of the galaxy NGC 4258. However, the maser components in MWC 349A do not follow a simple Keplerian kinematic prescription with v similar to r(-1/2), but have a larger power-law index. We explore the possibility that the high-velocity masers trace spiral density or shock waves. We also emphasize caution in the interpretation of relative centroid maser positions where the maser is not clearly resolved in position or velocity, and we present simulations that illustrate the range of applicability of the centroiding method. C1 [Weintroub, Jonathan; Moran, James M.; Wilner, David J.; Young, Ken] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rao, Ramprasad] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Shinnaga, Hiroko] Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Weintroub, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jweintroub@cfa.harvard.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1140 EP 1150 DI 10.1086/529132 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000027 ER PT J AU Li, HB Houde, M AF Li, Hua-Bai Houde, Martin TI Probing the turbulence dissipation range and magnetic field strengths in molecular clouds SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (M17); ISM : magnetic fields; turbulence ID OH ZEEMAN OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; ION SPECTRA; VELOCITY; MODELS AB We study the turbulent velocity dispersion spectra of the coexistent HCN and HCO(+) molecular species as a function of length scale in the M17 star-forming molecular cloud. We show that the observed downward shift of the ion's spectrum relative to that of the neutral is readily explained by the existence of an ambipolar diffusion range within which ion and neutral turbulent energies dissipate differently. We use these observations to evaluate this decoupling scale and show how to estimate the strength of the plane-of-the-sky component of the embedded magnetic field in a completely novel way. C1 [Li, Hua-Bai] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Houde, Martin] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Li, HB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hli@cfa.harvard.edu; houde@astro.uwo.ca NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1151 EP 1156 DI 10.1086/529581 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000028 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DL Chatterjee, S Gaensler, BM Anderson, J AF Kaplan, D. L. Chatterjee, S. Gaensler, B. M. Anderson, J. TI A precise proper motion for the crab pulsar, and the difficulty of testing spin-kick alignment for young neutron stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrometry; pulsars : individual (PSR B0531+21, Crab); stars : neutron ID COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS; ISOLATED RADIO PULSARS; VLA SKY SURVEY; SYNCHROTRON NEBULA; VELOCITY VECTORS; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD; OB STARS; ORIGIN; ROTATION; MECHANISM AB We present a detailed analysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope data that we use to measure the proper motion of the Crab pulsar, with the primary goal of comparing the direction of its proper motion with the projected axis of its pulsar wind nebula (the projected spin axis of the pulsar). We demonstrate that our measurement, using 47 observations spanning > 10 yr, is robust and has an uncertainty of only +/- 0.4 mas yr(-1) on each component of the proper motion. However, we then consider the various uncertainties that arise from the need to correct the proper motion that we measure to the local standard of rest at the position of the pulsar and find mu(alpha) = 11.8 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.5 mas yr(-1) and mu(alpha) = +4.4 +/- 0.4 +/- 0.5 mas yr(-1) relative to the pulsar's standard of rest, where the two uncertainties are from the measurement and the reference frame, respectively. Comparing this proper motion to the symmetry axis of the pulsar wind nebula, we must consider the unknown velocity of the pulsar's progenitor (assumed to be similar to 10 km s(-1)), and hence add an additional uncertainty of +/- 2 mas yr(-1) to each component of the proper motion. This implies a projected misalignment with the nebular axis of 14 degrees +/- 2 degrees +/- 9 degrees, consistent with a broad range of values including perfect alignment. We use our proper motion to derive an independent estimate for the site of the supernova explosion with an accuracy that is 2-3 times better than previous estimates. We conclude that the precision of individual measurements which compare the direction of motion of a neutron star to a fixed axis will often be limited by fundamental uncertainties regarding reference frames and progenitor properties. C1 [Kaplan, D. L.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kaplan, D. L.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chatterjee, S.; Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Gaensler, B. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Anderson, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dlk@space.mit.edu; schatterjee@usyd.edu.au; bgaensler@usyd.edu.au; jay@eeyore.rice.edu RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 80 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1201 EP 1215 DI 10.1086/529026 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000032 ER PT J AU Cackett, EM Miller, JM Raymond, J Homan, J van der Klis, M Mendez, M Steeghs, D Wijnands, R AF Cackett, E. M. Miller, J. M. Raymond, J. Homan, J. van der Klis, M. Mendez, M. Steeghs, D. Wijnands, R. TI Investigating the nature of absorption lines in the Chandra X-ray spectra of the neutron star binary 4U 1820-30 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; stars : neutron; X-rays : binaries; X-rays : individual (4U 1820-30); X-rays : ISM ID TRANSMISSION GRATING SPECTROMETER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ACCRETION DISK; XMM-NEWTON; H-I; DISCOVERY; FEATURES; IRON; ABSORBER AB We use four Chandra gratings spectra of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1820-30 to better understand the nature of certain X-ray absorption lines in X- ray binaries, including the Ne II, Ne II, Ne IX, O VII, and O VIII lines. The equivalent widths of the lines are generally consistent between the observations, as expected if these lines originate in the hot interstellar medium. No evidence was found that the lines were blueshifted, again supporting the interstellar medium origin, although this may be due to poor statistics. There is apparent variability in the O VIII Ly alpha line equivalent width providing some evidence that at least some of the O VIII absorption arises within the system. However, the significance is marginal (2.4 sigma), and the lack of variation in the other lines casts some doubt on the reality of the variability. From calculating the equivalent hydrogen column densities for a range of Doppler parameters, we find they are consistent with the interstellar origin of the lines. In addition, we fit the spectra with photoionization models for locally absorbing material, and find that they can reproduce the spectrum well, but only when there is an extremely low filling factor. We conclude that both the ISM and local absorption remain possible for the origin of the lines, but that more sensitive observations are needed to search for low-level variability. C1 [Cackett, E. M.; Miller, J. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Raymond, J.; Steeghs, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Homan, J.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [van der Klis, M.; Mendez, M.; Wijnands, R.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Mendez, M.; Wijnands, R.] Netherlands Inst Space Res, SRON, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Mendez, M.] Univ Utrecht, Astron Inst, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Cackett, EM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, 500 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ecackett@umich.edu RI Mendez, Mariano/C-8011-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009 OI Mendez, Mariano/0000-0003-2187-2708; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1233 EP 1240 DI 10.1086/529483 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000035 ER PT J AU Gaudi, BS Patterson, J Spiegel, DS Krajci, T Koff, R Pojmanski, G Dong, S Gould, A Prieto, JL Blake, CH Roming, PWA Bennett, DP Bloom, JS Boyd, D Eyler, ME de Ponthiere, P Mirabal, N Morgan, CW Remillard, RR Vanmunster, T Wagner, RM Watson, LC AF Gaudi, B. Scott Patterson, Joseph Spiegel, David S. Krajci, Thomas Koff, R. Pojmanski, G. Dong, Subo Gould, Andrew Prieto, Jose L. Blake, Cullen H. Roming, Peter W. A. Bennett, David P. Bloom, Joshua S. Boyd, David Eyler, Michael E. de Ponthiere, Pierre Mirabal, N. Morgan, Christopher W. Remillard, Ronald R. Vanmunster, T. Wagner, R. Mark Watson, Linda C. TI Discovery of a very bright, nearby gravitational microlensing event SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gravitational lensing; stars : individual (GSC 3656-1328) ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GALACTIC BULGE; MACHO COLLABORATION; LENSING EXPERIMENT; OPTICAL DEPTH; MASS FUNCTION; DWARF NOVAE; CANDIDATE; HALO; STARS AB We report the serendipitous detection of a very bright, very nearby microlensing event. In late 2006 October, an otherwise unremarkable A0 star at a distance of similar to 1 kpc (GSC 3656-1328) brightened achromatically by a factor of nearly 40 over the span of several days and then decayed in an apparently symmetrical way. We present a light curve of the event based on optical photometry from the Center for Backyard Astrophysics and the All Sky Automated Survey, as well as near-infrared photometry from the Peters Automated Infrared Imaging Telescope. This light curve is well fit by a generic microlensing model. We also report optical spectra and Swift X-ray and UV observations that are consistent with the microlensing interpretation. We discuss and reject alternative explanations for this variability. The lens star is probably a low-mass star or brown dwarf, with a relatively high proper motion of greater than or similar to 20 mas yr(-1), and may be visible using precise optical/infrared imaging taken several years from now. A modest, all-sky survey telescope could detect similar to 10 such events per year, which would enable searches for very low mass planetary companions to relatively nearby stars. C1 [Gaudi, B. Scott; Dong, Subo; Gould, Andrew; Prieto, Jose L.; Morgan, Christopher W.; Watson, Linda C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Patterson, Joseph; Spiegel, David S.; Mirabal, N.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Krajci, Thomas] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Albuquerque, NM 87116 USA. [Koff, R.] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Bennett, CO 80102 USA. [Pojmanski, G.] Warsaw Univ Astron Observatory, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Blake, Cullen H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Roming, Peter W. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bennett, David P.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bloom, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boyd, David] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, W Challow OX12 9TX, Wantage, England. [Eyler, Michael E.; Morgan, Christopher W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [de Ponthiere, Pierre] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, B-5170 Profondeville, Belgium. [Remillard, Ronald R.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Vanmunster, T.] Belgium Observ, Ctr Backyard Astrophys, B-3401 Landen, Belgium. [Wagner, R. Mark] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gaudi, BS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM gaudi@astronomy.ohio-state.edu RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012; Dong, Subo/J-7319-2012 NR 82 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1268 EP 1277 DI 10.1086/529482 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000039 ER PT J AU Torres, G Winn, JN Holman, MJ AF Torres, Guillermo Winn, Joshua N. Holman, Matthew J. TI Improved parameters for extrasolar transiting planets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE methods : data analysis; planetary systems; stars : abundances; stars : fundamental parameters; techniques : spectroscopic ID LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; LOW-MASS STARS; SPIN-ORBIT ALIGNMENT; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE SCALE; STELLAR ATMOSPHERE MODELS; LINED ECLIPSING BINARIES; TIME-SERIES PHOTOMETRY; INFRARED FLUX METHOD; LOWER MAIN-SEQUENCE AB We present refined values for the physical parameters of transiting exoplanets, based on a self-consistent and uniform analysis of transit light curves and the observable properties of the host stars. Previously it has been difficult to interpret the ensemble properties of transiting exoplanets because of the widely different methodologies that have been applied in individual cases. Furthermore, previous studies often ignored an important constraint on the mean stellar density that can be derived directly from the light curve. The main contributions of this work are (1) a critical compilation and error assessment of all reported values for the effective temperature and metallicity of the host stars, (2) the application of a consistent methodology and treatment of errors in modeling the transit light curves, and (3) more accurate estimates of the stellar mass and radius based on stellar evolution models, incorporating the photometric constraint on the stellar density. We use our results to revisit some previously proposed patterns and correlations within the ensemble. We confirm the mass-period correlation and find evidence for a new pattern within the scatter about this correlation: planets around metal-poor stars are more massive than those around metal-rich stars at a given orbital period. Likewise, we confirm the proposed dichotomy of planets according to their Safronov number, and we find evidence that the systems with small Safronov numbers are more metal-rich on average. Finally, we confirm the trend that led to the suggestion that higher metallicity stars harbor planets with a greater heavy-element content. C1 [Torres, Guillermo; Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu NR 133 TC 252 Z9 253 U1 4 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1324 EP 1342 DI 10.1086/529429 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000043 ER PT J AU Fabrycky, D AF Fabrycky, Daniel TI Radiative thrusters on close-in extrasolar planets SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; planets and satellites : individual (HAT-P-2b, HD 189733b, HD 209458b, OGLE-TR-56b, TrES-4) ID HOT JUPITERS; DYNAMICS; MASS; YARKOVSKY; TRANSITS; PERIODS AB The atmospheres of close-in extrasolar planets absorb most of the incident stellar radiation, advect this energy, then reradiate photons in preferential directions. Those photons carry away momentum, applying a force on the planet. Here we evaluate the resulting secular changes to the orbit, known as the Yarkovsky effect. For known transiting planets, typical fractional changes in semimajor axis are about 1% over their lifetime, but could be up to similar to 5% for close- in planets such as OGLE-TR-56b or inflated planets such as TrES-4. We discuss the origin of the correlation between semimajor axis and surface gravity of transiting planets in terms of various physical processes, finding that radiative thrusters are too weak by about a factor of 10 to establish the lower boundary that causes the correlation. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fabrycky, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM daniel.fabrycky@gmail.com OI Fabrycky, Daniel/0000-0003-3750-0183 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP L117 EP L120 DI 10.1086/588192 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AC UT WOS:000255237700011 ER PT J AU Kraft, RP Hardcastle, MJ Sivakoff, GR Jordan, A Nulsen, PEJ Birkinshaw, M Forman, WR Jones, C Worrall, DM Croston, JH Evans, DA Raychaudhury, S Murray, SS Brassington, NJ Goodger, JL Harris, WE Juett, AM Sarazin, CL Woodley, KA AF Kraft, R. P. Hardcastle, M. J. Sivakoff, G. R. Jordan, A. Nulsen, P. E. J. Birkinshaw, M. Forman, W. R. Jones, C. Worrall, D. M. Croston, J. H. Evans, D. A. Raychaudhury, S. Murray, S. S. Brassington, N. J. Goodger, J. L. Harris, W. E. Juett, A. M. Sarazin, C. L. Woodley, K. A. TI Evidence for nonhydrostatic gas motions in the hot interstellar medium of centaurus A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual (Centaurus A, NGC 5128); galaxies : jets; hydrodynamics; X-rays : galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; X-RAY-EMISSION; NGC 5128; METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; RADIO GALAXY; HALO STARS; NGC-5128; SHELLS; LOBES AB We present preliminary results from a deep (600 ks) Chandra observation of the hot interstellar medium of the nearby early-type galaxy Centaurus A. We find a surface brightness discontinuity in the gas similar to 3.5 kpc from the nucleus spanning a 120 degrees arc. The temperature of the gas is 0.60 +/- 0.05 KeV (0.68 +/- 0.10keV) interior (exterior) to the discontinuity. The elemental abundance is poorly constrained by the spectral fits, but if the abundance is constant across the discontinuity, there is a factor of 2.3 +/- 0.4 pressure jump across the discontinuity. This would imply that the gas is moving at 470 +/- 100 km s(-1), or Mach 1.0 +/- 0.2 (1.2 +/- 0.2) relative to the sound speed of the gas external (internal) to the discontinuity. Alternatively, pressure balance could be maintained if there is a large (factor of similar to 7) discontinuity in the elemental abundance. We suggest that the observed discontinuity is the result of nonhydrostatic motion of the gas core (i.e., sloshing) due to the recent merger. In this situation, both gas motions and abundance gradients are important in the visibility of the discontinuity. Cen A is in the late stages of merging with a small latetype galaxy, and a large discontinuity in density and abundance across a short distance demonstrates that the gas of the two galaxies remains poorly mixed, even several hundred million years after the merger. The pressure discontinuity may have had a profound influence on the temporal evolution of the kiloparsec-scale jet. The jet could have decollimated, crossing the discontinuity and thereby forming the northeast radio lobe. C1 [Kraft, R. P.; Jordan, A.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Forman, W. R.; Jones, C.; Evans, D. A.; Murray, S. S.; Brassington, N. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hardcastle, M. J.; Croston, J. H.; Goodger, J. L.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Sivakoff, G. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Birkinshaw, M.; Worrall, D. M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Raychaudhury, S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Harris, W. E.; Woodley, K. A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Juett, A. M.; Sarazin, C. L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Kraft, RP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-67, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X; Goodger, Joanna/0000-0002-5738-4768; Jordan, Andres/0000-0002-5389-3944; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP L97 EP L100 DI 10.1086/588023 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AC UT WOS:000255237700006 ER PT J AU Murphy, M Balser, T Buchmann, N Hahn, V Potvin, C AF Murphy, Meaghan Balser, Teri Buchmann, Nina Hahn, Volker Potvin, Catherine TI Linking tree biodiversity to belowground process in a young tropical plantation: Impacts on soil CO(2) flux SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; carbon cycling; ecosystem function; soil respiration; tropics ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; EUCALYPTUS PLANTATION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; CARBON BALANCE; WET TROPICS; RESPIRATION; FOREST; DIVERSITY; VEGETATION AB This study examined the effect of tree species identity and diversity on soil respiration in a 3-year-old tropical tree biodiversity plantation in Central Panama. We hypothesized that tree pairs in mixed-species plots would have higher soil respiration rates than those in monoculture plots as a result of increased primary productivity and complementarity leading to greater root and microbial biomass and soil respiration. In addition to soil respiration, we measured potential controls including root, tree, and microbial biomass, soil moisture, surface temperature, bulk density. Over the course of the wet season, soil respiration decreased from the June highs (7.2 +/- 3.5 mu mol CO(2)/(m(2) s(-1)) to a low of 2.3 +/- 1.9 mu mol CO(2)/(m(2) s(-1)) in the last 2 weeks of October. The lowest rates of soil respiration were at the peak of the dry season (1.0 +/- 0.7 mu mol CO(2)/(m(2) s(-1))). Contrary to our hypothesis, soil respiration was 19-31% higher in monoculture than in pairs and plots with higher diversity in the dry and rainy seasons. Although tree biomass was significantly higher in pairs and plots with higher diversity, there were no significant differences in either root or microbial biomass between monoculture and two-species pairs. Path analyses allow the comparison of different pathways relating soil respiration to either biotic or abiotic controls factors. The path linking crown volume to soil temperature then respiration has the highest correlation, with a value of 0.560, suggesting that canopy controls on soil climate may drive soil respiration. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, Meaghan] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Balser, Teri] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Buchmann, Nina; Hahn, Volker] ETH, Inst Plant Sci, LFW, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Murphy, M (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM mtmurphy_2000@yahoo.com RI Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011 NR 61 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 7 BP 2577 EP 2588 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.034 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 304YB UT WOS:000256143900053 ER PT J AU Schroeder, C Rodionov, DS McCoy, TJ Jolliff, BL Gellert, R Nittler, LR Farrand, WH Johnson, JR Ruff, SW Ashley, JW Mittlefehldt, DW Herkenhoff, KE Fleischer, I Haldemann, AFC Klingelhoefer, G Ming, DW Morris, RV de Souza, PA Squyres, SW Weitz, C Yen, AS Zipfel, J Economou, T AF Schroeder, C. Rodionov, D. S. McCoy, T. J. Jolliff, B. L. Gellert, R. Nittler, L. R. Farrand, W. H. Johnson, J. R. Ruff, S. W. Ashley, J. W. Mittlefehldt, D. W. Herkenhoff, K. E. Fleischer, I. Haldemann, A. F. C. Klingelhoefer, G. Ming, D. W. Morris, R. V. de Souza, P. A., Jr. Squyres, S. W. Weitz, C. Yen, A. S. Zipfel, J. Economou, T. TI Meteorites on Mars observed with the Mars Exploration Rovers SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Review ID IRON-METEORITES; CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION; GE CONCENTRATIONS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; GERMANIUM CONCENTRATIONS; OPPORTUNITY ROVER; TERRESTRIAL AGE; 1ST SHERGOTTITE; HIGH ABUNDANCE; BOUNCE ROCK AB Reduced weathering rates due to the lack of liquid water and significantly greater typical surface ages should result in a higher density of meteorites on the surface of Mars compared to Earth. Several meteorites were identified among the rocks investigated during Opportunity's traverse across the sandy Meridiani plains. Heat Shield Rock is a IAB iron meteorite and has been officially recognized as "Meridiani Planum." Barberton is olivine-rich and contains metallic Fe in the form of kamacite, suggesting a meteoritic origin. It is chemically most consistent with a mesosiderite silicate clast. Santa Catarina is a brecciated rock with a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to Barberton. Barberton, Santa Catarina, and cobbles adjacent to Santa Catarina may be part of a strewn field. Spirit observed two probable iron meteorites from its Winter Haven location in the Columbia Hills in Gusev Crater. Chondrites have not been identified to date, which may be a result of their lower strengths and probability to survive impact at current atmospheric pressures. Impact craters directly associated with Heat Shield Rock, Barberton, or Santa Catarina have not been observed, but such craters could have been erased by eolian-driven erosion. C1 [Schroeder, C.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Morris, R. V.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Ruff, S. W.; Ashley, J. W.] Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facilit, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [de Souza, P. A., Jr.] V&M France, CEV, F-59620 Aulnoye Ayemeries, France. [Economou, T.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, LASR, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Farrand, W. H.] Space Sci Inst, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Fleischer, I.; Klingelhoefer, G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Gellert, R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Phys, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Haldemann, A. F. C.] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, HME ME, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Johnson, J. R.; Herkenhoff, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Astrogeol Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Jolliff, B. L.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [McCoy, T. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ming, D. W.] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Nittler, L. R.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Squyres, S. W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Weitz, C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Yen, A. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Zipfel, J.] Forschunginst & Natmusuem Senckenberg, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Schroeder, C (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Mail Code KR,2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EM christian.schroeder-1@nasa.gov RI de Souza, Paulo/B-8961-2008; Schroder, Christian/B-3870-2009; Centre, TasICT/D-1212-2011; Johnson, Jeffrey/F-3972-2015 OI de Souza, Paulo/0000-0002-0091-8925; Schroder, Christian/0000-0002-7935-6039; NR 101 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E6 AR E06S22 DI 10.1029/2007JE002990 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 291NO UT WOS:000255204300001 ER PT J AU Davis, JL Tamisiea, ME Elosegui, P Mitrovica, JX Hill, EM AF Davis, J. L. Tamisiea, M. E. Elosegui, P. Mitrovica, J. X. Hill, E. M. TI A statistical filtering approach for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL GRAVITY; SYSTEM; FIELD AB We describe and analyze a statistical filtering approach for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data that uses a parameterized model for the temporal evolution of the GRACE coefficients. After least squares adjustment, a statistical test is performed to assess the significance of the estimated parameters. If the test is passed, the parameters are used by the filter in the reconstruction of the field; otherwise, they are rejected. The test is performed, and the filter is formed, separately for annual components of the model and the trend. This new approach is distinct from Gaussian smoothing since it uses the data themselves to test for specific components of the time-varying gravity field. The statistical filter appears inherently to remove most of the "stripes'' present in the GRACE fields, although destriping the fields prior to filtering seems to help the trend recovery. We demonstrate that the statistical filter produces reasonable maps for the annual components and trend. We furthermore assess the statistical filter for the annual components using ground-based GPS data in South America by assuming that the annual component of the gravity signal is associated only with groundwater storage. The undestriped, statistically filtered field has a chi(2) value relative to the GPS data consistent with the best result from smoothing. In the space domain, the statistical filters are qualitatively similar to Gaussian smoothing. Unlike Gaussian smoothing, however, the statistical filter has significant sidelobes, including large negative sidelobes on the north-south axis, potentially revealing information on the errors, and the correlations among the errors, for the GRACE coefficients. C1 [Davis, J. L.; Tamisiea, M. E.; Hill, E. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Elosegui, P.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Space Sci, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Mitrovica, J. X.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Davis, JL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jdavis@cfa.harvard.edu; mtam@pol.ac.uk; pelosegui@ice.csic.es; jxm@physics.utoronto.ca; ehill@cfa.harvard.edu RI Hill, Emma/B-7037-2011; Davis, James/D-8766-2013 OI Hill, Emma/0000-0003-0231-5818; Davis, James/0000-0003-3057-477X NR 26 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B4 AR B04410 DI 10.1029/2007JB005043 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 291NQ UT WOS:000255204500001 ER PT J AU Hoegh-Guldberg, O Mumby, PJ Hooten, AJ Steneck, RS Greenfield, P Gomez, E Harvell, DR Sale, PF Edwards, AJ Caldeira, K Knowlton, N Eakin, CM Iglesias-Prieto, R Muthiga, N Bradbury, RH Dubi, A Hatziolos, ME AF Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Mumby, P. J. Hooten, A. J. Steneck, R. S. Greenfield, P. Gomez, E. Harvell, D. R. Sale, P. F. Edwards, A. J. Caldeira, K. Knowlton, N. Eakin, C. M. Iglesias-Prieto, R. Muthiga, N. Bradbury, R. H. Dubi, A. Hatziolos, M. E. TI Coral adaptation in the face of climate change - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Hoegh-Guldberg, O.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Mumby, P. J.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Hooten, A. J.] AJH Environm Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Steneck, R. S.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Greenfield, P.] Univ Queensland, The Chancellery, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gomez, E.] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City, Philippines. [Harvell, D. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sale, P. F.] UN Univ, Int Network Water Environm & Hlth, Hamilton, ON L8N 1E9, Canada. [Edwards, A. J.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Caldeira, K.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Knowlton, N.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Eakin, C. M.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Iglesias-Prieto, R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Puerto Morelos, Cancun 77500, QR, Mexico. [Muthiga, N.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Bradbury, R. H.] Australian Natl Univ, Resource Management Asia Pacific Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Dubi, A.] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Inst Marine Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Hatziolos, M. E.] World Bank, Dept Environm, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Hoegh-Guldberg, O (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM oveh@uq.edu.au RI Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto/E-4921-2011; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010; Sale, Patrizio /K-8757-2016 OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Sale, Patrizio /0000-0002-4850-3673 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5874 BP 315 EP 316 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 288ZZ UT WOS:000255026100014 ER PT J AU De Grave, S Anker, A AF De Grave, S. Anker, A. TI Leptathanas powelli gen. nov., sp nov, a new infaunal alpheid shrimp associated with upogebiid mudshrimps in Nigeria (Crustacea, Decapoda) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Crustacea; Decapoda; Caridea; Alpheidae; Leptathanas; new genus; new species; infaunal shrimp; Nigeria; West Africa; eastern Atlantic ID PHILIPPINES CRUSTACEA; ATHANAS LEACH; CARIBBEAN SEA; N. GEN.; COUTIERE; CARIDEA AB A new alpheid shrimp genus and species is described from the Niger delta in Nigeria. Leptathanas powelli gen. nov., sp. nov. appears to be associated "commensally" with burrows of mudshrimps, Upogebia furcata ( Aurivillius, 1898) ( Thalassinidea, Upogebiidae). Leptathanas gen. nov. is superficially similar to Leptalpheus Williams, 1965, a genus composed exclusively of infaunal species. However, it is more closely related to a generic complex around Athanas Leach, 1814, and in particular to Athanopsis Coutiere, 1896. The main diagnostic features of Leptathanas gen. nov. are the presence of an articulated plate on the sixth pleonite; the frontal margin of the carapace with a very short rostral projection and without orbital teeth; the asymmetrical and unequal chelipeds carried folded, with the propodus fitting in a ventral excavation of the merus; and the presence of stout cuspidate setae on the protopod of the uropod. C1 [De Grave, S.] Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. [Anker, A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Naos Unit 0948, APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. RP De Grave, S (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Museum Nat Hist, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PW, England. EM sammy.degrave@oum.ox.ac.uk; ankera@si.edu OI De Grave, Sammy/0000-0002-2437-2445 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 16 PY 2008 IS 1750 BP 43 EP 52 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 288HC UT WOS:000254975900004 ER PT J AU Cummings, ME Bernal, XE Reynaga, R Rand, AS Ryan, MJ AF Cummings, Molly E. Bernal, Ximena E. Reynaga, Roberto Rand, A. Stanley Ryan, Michael J. TI Visual sensitivity to a conspicuous male cue varies by reproductive state in Physalaemus pustulosus females SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE visual sensitivity; reproductive status; visual cue; tungara frog; nocturnal vision; vocal sac ID EVOKED-POTENTIALS; TUNGARA FROG; MATE CHOICE; VOCAL SAC; SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY; OPTOMOTOR RESPONSE; SOUND PRODUCTION; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; HORMONE; LIGHT AB The vocal sac is a visually conspicuous attribute of most male frogs, but its role in visual communication has only been demonstrated recently in diurnally displaying frogs. Here we characterized the spectral properties of the inflated vocal sac of male tungara frogs ( Physalaemus pustulosus), a nocturnal species, and tungara visual sensitivity to this cue across reproductive state and sex. We measured the spectral and total reflectance of different male body regions, including inflated and non-inflated vocal sacs, along with samples of the visual background against which males are perceived. Inflated vocal sacs were the most reflective of all body parts, being one log unit more reflective than background materials. We utilized an optomotor drum with black stripes and stripes that mimicked the spectral reflectance of the inflated vocal sacs with various nocturnal light intensities to measure the visual sensitivity thresholds of males, non-reproductive females and reproductive females. All three groups exhibited visual sensitivities corresponding to intensities below moonless conditions in open habitats or at the edge of secondary tropical forests. Reproductive females exhibited the greatest visual sensitivity of all groups, and were significantly more sensitive than nonreproductive females. Though the mechanism for this physiological difference between reproductive and non-reproductive females is unknown, it is consistent with previously observed patterns of light-dependent phonotaxic behavior in tungaras. We suggest that the visual ecology of the vocal sac, especially in nocturnal frogs, offers a rich source for investigations of visual ecology and physiological regulation of vision. C1 [Cummings, Molly E.; Bernal, Ximena E.; Reynaga, Roberto; Ryan, Michael J.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Rand, A. Stanley; Ryan, Michael J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Cummings, ME (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mcummings@mail.utexas.edu NR 49 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 8 BP 1203 EP 1210 DI 10.1242/jeb.012963 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 280YV UT WOS:000254463600008 PM 18375844 ER PT J AU Conle, OV Hennemann, FH Perez-Gelabert, DE AF Conle, Oskar V. Hennemann, Frank H. Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E. TI Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea II: Revision of the genus Malacomorpha Rehn, 1906, with the descriptions of seven new species (Phasmatodea : Pseudophasmatidae : Pseudophasmatinae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Phasmatodea; Pseudophasmatidae; Pseudophasmatinae; anisomorphini; Malacomorpha; Alloeophasma; Pseudolcyphides; Greater Antilles; cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Bahamas; new species; new synonyms; lectotype; descriptions; eggs ID INSECT AB The genus Malacomorpha Rehn, 1906 is revised at the species-level, based upon examination of all necessary type-material and extensive material housed in ANSP, CMNH and USNM mainly collected on nine expeditions to the Dominican Republic, including collections at 280 sites distributed throughout the country. A re-description of the genus and detailed descriptions of all 13 known species are provided. Seven new species are described and illustrated: Malacomorpha bastardoae n. sp., M. macaya n. sp., M. hispaniola n. sp., M. minima n. sp., M. multipunctata n. sp. & M. obscura n. sp. from Hispaniola and M. sanchezi n. sp. from Puerto Rico. The eggs of M. bastardoae n. sp., M. cyllarus (Westwood, 1859), M. jamaicana (Redtenbacher, 1906), M. multipunctata n. sp., M. obscura n. sp., M. sanchezi n. sp., and M. spini-collis (Burmeister, 1838) are described and illustrated, those of the four latter species for the first time. According to the original description and distribution Phasma graveolens King, 1867 is obviously a synonym of M. cyllarus ( Westwood, 1859), and not a synonym of Anismorpha buprestoides (Stoll, 1813) as stated by previous authors ( n. syn.). A lectotype is designated for Phasma spinicollis Burmeister, 1838. The newly described species, M. longipennis ( Redtenbacher, 1906) and M. hispaniola n. sp. in particular, prove the genera Pseudolcyphides Karny, 1923 (Type-species: Phasma spinicollis Burmeister, 1838) and Alloeophasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Type-species: Anophelepis poeyi Saussure, 1868) to be synonyms of Malacomorpha Rehn, 1906 ( n. syn.). Consequently, the type species of both genera are here transferred to Malacomorpha Rehn, 1906 ( n. comb.). The genus now contains apterous, brachypterous and pterous species restricted to the Greater Antilles and Bahamas. C1 [Perez-Gelabert, Daniel E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Conle, OV (reprint author), Goldbachweg 24, D-87538 Bolsterlang, Germany. EM conle@phasmatodea.com; hennemann@phasmatodea.com NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 14 PY 2008 IS 1748 BP 1 EP 64 PG 64 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 288HA UT WOS:000254975700001 ER PT J AU Azorsa, F Sosa-Calvo, J AF Azorsa, Frank Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey TI Description of a remarkable new species of ant in the genus Daceton Perty (Formicidae : Dacetini) from South America SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE ants; Brazil; Daceton armigerum; D. boltoni; Mrmicinae; Peru ID HYMENOPTERA; ARMIGERUM; EVOLUTION AB A remarkable new species in the ant genus Daceton, which has remained monotypic for 205 years, is described from Brazil and Peru. The new species, Daceton boltoni sp. nov., is similar to its sister species, D. armigerum, but differs from it mainly in the form of the pronotal lateral spines and in the pilosity of the first gastral segment. The taxonomic history and biology of the genus is reviewed. C1 [Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Maryland Ctr Syst Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Azorsa, Frank] Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Dept Entomol, Museo Hist Natl, Perugia 14, Italy. [Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Sosa-Calvo, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Maryland Ctr Syst Entomol, 4112 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM frankazorsa@gmail.com; sossajef@si.edu OI Azorsa, Frank/0000-0001-8479-3244 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 14 PY 2008 IS 1749 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 288HB UT WOS:000254975800003 ER PT J AU Laurance, W AF Laurance, William TI Expect the unexpected SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Editorial Material RP Laurance, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU REED BUSINESS INFORMATION LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON SM2 5AS, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD APR 12 PY 2008 VL 198 IS 2651 BP 17 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0262-4079(08)60893-3 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 287WB UT WOS:000254946100009 ER PT J AU Farrell, WM Clifford, SM Milkovich, SM Plaut, JJ Leuschen, CJ Picardi, G Gurnett, DA Watters, TR Safaeinili, A Ivanov, AB Phillips, RJ Stofan, ER Heggy, E Cummer, SA Espley, JR AF Farrell, W. M. Clifford, S. M. Milkovich, S. M. Plaut, J. J. Leuschen, C. J. Picardi, G. Gurnett, D. A. Watters, T. R. Safaeinili, A. Ivanov, A. B. Phillips, R. J. Stofan, E. R. Heggy, E. Cummer, S. A. Espley, J. R. TI MARSIS subsurface radar investigations of the South Polar reentrant Chasma Australe SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; LAYERED DEPOSITS; IONOSPHERE; SOUNDINGS; FEATURES; BOREALE; SURFACE; ORIGIN AB The Mars Express/Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) has conducted the first-ever subsurface probing of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) revealing internal structure that is rich in detail. We report on subsurface features detected from a set of orbits that passed over the largest of the south polar reentrants, Chasma Australe, at the edge of the SPLD. We present selected MARSIS overflights to both document the unique observations and gain insight into the possible origin of this feature. We conclude that MARSIS observations clearly reveal new evidence of subsurface structure, such as (1) internal bands, (2) the continuation of the Prometheus basin floor beneath the SPLD to form a prominent basal interface, and (3) the presence of a possible ice-rich layer on the Prometheus basin floor extending to 500-m depth. There is no obvious indication of a present-day aquifer at the head of the chasma and identification of features associated with a past aquifer and water flow is ambiguous. While MARSIS observations may not uniquely solve the chasma origin debate, they do reveal the subsurface region beneath this very interesting feature for the first time. C1 [Farrell, W. M.; Espley, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Clifford, S. M.; Heggy, E.] Lunar & Planetary Inst, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Gurnett, D. A.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Milkovich, S. M.; Plaut, J. J.; Safaeinili, A.; Ivanov, A. B.] NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Leuschen, C. J.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Phillips, R. J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Picardi, G.] Univ Rome, Infocom Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Watters, T. R.] Smithsonian Inst, NASM, CEPS, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Farrell, WM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.farrell@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Espley, Jared/I-5118-2013; Farrell, William/I-4865-2013; Cummer, Steven/A-6118-2008; Ivanov, Anton/C-8944-2014 OI Espley, Jared/0000-0002-6371-9683; Cummer, Steven/0000-0002-0002-0613; Ivanov, Anton/0000-0001-8376-8581 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS E4 AR E04002 DI 10.1029/2007JE002974 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 289TS UT WOS:000255077400001 ER PT J AU Woodley, NE AF Woodley, Norman E. TI Kerteszmyia, a new genus of Pachygastrinae from the Neotropical region (Diptera : Stratiomyidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA Welsh DT Article DE Kerteszmyia ecuadora; new species; Ecuador; Venezuela; Costa Rica; taxonomy AB A new genus and species, Kerteszmyia ecuadora gen. nov., sp. nov., (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Pachygastrinae) is described from material from Ecuador (type locality), Venezuela, and Costa Rica. A key to the known Neotropical genera of Pachygastrinae with two or more scutellar spines is presented. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entamol Lab, PSI, Care of Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Woodley, NE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entamol Lab, PSI, Care of Smithsonian Inst NHB 168, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM norman.woodley@ars.usda.gov RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 11 PY 2008 IS 1746 BP 39 EP 45 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 288GX UT WOS:000254975400003 ER PT J AU Kriek, M Van Dokkum, PG Franx, M Illingworth, GD Marchesini, D Quadri, R Rudnick, G Taylor, EN Schreiber, NMF Gawiser, E Labbe, I Lira, P Wuyts, S AF Kriek, Mariska Van Dokkum, Pieter G. Franx, Marijn Illingworth, Garth D. Marchesini, Danilo Quadri, Ryan Rudnick, Gregory Taylor, Edward N. Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster Gawiser, Eric Labbe, Ivo Lira, Paulina Wuyts, Stijn TI A near-infrared spectroscopic survey of K-selected galaxies at z similar to 2.3: Redshifts and implications for broadband photometric studies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : high-redshift ID HUBBLE-DEEP-FIELD; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; OPTICAL LUMINOSITY DENSITY; DISTANT RED GALAXIES; YALE-CHILE MUSYC; SUBSTANTIAL POPULATION; MULTIWAVELENGTH SURVEY; EVOLUTION AB Using the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS), we have completed a near-infrared spectroscopic survey for K-bright galaxies at z similar to 2.3 selected from the MUSYC survey. We derived spectroscopic redshifts from emission lines or from continuum features and shapes for all 36 observed galaxies. The continuum redshifts are driven by the Balmer/4000 angstrom break and have an uncertainty in Delta z/(1 + z) of < 0.019. We use this unique sample to determine, for the first time, how accurately redshifts and other properties of massive high-redshift galaxies can be determined from broadband photometric data alone. We find that the photometric redshifts of the galaxies in our sample have a systematic error of 0.08 and a random error of 0.13 in Delta z/(1 + z). The systematic error can be reduced by using optimal templates and deep photometry; the random error, however, will be hard to reduce below 5%. The spectra lead to significantly improved constraints for stellar population parameters. For most quantities this improvement is about equally driven by the higher spectral resolution and by the much reduced redshift uncertainty. Properties such as the age, AV, current star formation rate, and the star formation history are generally very poorly constrained with broadband data alone. Interestingly, stellar masses and mass-to-light ratios are among the most stable parameters from broadband data. Nevertheless, photometric studies may overestimate the number of massive galaxies at 2 < z < 3 and thus underestimate the evolution of the stellar mass density. Finally, the spectroscopy supports our previous finding that red galaxies dominate the high-mass end of the galaxy population at z = 2-3. C1 [Kriek, Mariska; Franx, Marijn; Quadri, Ryan; Taylor, Edward N.; Wuyts, Stijn] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Kriek, Mariska; Van Dokkum, Pieter G.; Marchesini, Danilo; Quadri, Ryan; Gawiser, Eric] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Illingworth, Garth D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Schreiber, Natascha M. Foerster] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gawiser, Eric] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lira, Paulina] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Wuyts, Stijn] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kriek, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Fynbo, Johan/L-8496-2014; Taylor, Edward/C-6458-2015; Lira, Paulina/G-8536-2016 OI Fynbo, Johan/0000-0002-8149-8298; Taylor, Edward/0000-0002-3958-0343; NR 45 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP 219 EP 237 DI 10.1086/528945 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CG UT WOS:000254754300015 ER PT J AU Krips, M Neri, R Garcia-Burillo, S Martin, S Combes, F Gracia-Carpio, J Eckart, A AF Krips, M. Neri, R. Garcia-Burillo, S. Martin, S. Combes, F. Gracia-Carpio, J. Eckart, A. TI A multi-transition HCN and HCO+ study of 12 nearby active galaxies: Active galactic nucleus versus starburst environments SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (Arp 220, M82, Markarian 231; NGC 1068, NGC 2140, NGC 3627, NGC 4569, NGC 4826, NGC 5194, NGC 6240, NGC 6946, NGC 6951); galaxies : ISM; radio lines : galaxies ID DENSE MOLECULAR GAS; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; H-II REGIONS; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; MICRON SPECTROSCOPY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; LINE EMISSION; BLACK-HOLE; NGC 6951 AB Recent studies have indicated that the HCN-to-CO(J = 1-0) and HCO+-to-HCN(J = 1-0) ratios are significantly different between galaxies with AGN ( active galactic nucleus) and SB ( starburst) signatures. In order to study the molecular gas properties in active galaxies and search for differences between AGN and SB environments, we observed the HCN(J = 1-0), (J = 2-1), (J = 3-2), HCO+(J = 1-0), and HCO+(J = 3-2) emission with the IRAM 30 m in the center of 12 nearby active galaxies which either exhibit nuclear SB and/or AGN signatures. Consistent with previous results, we find a significant difference of the HCN(J = 2-1)-to-HCN(J = 1-0), HCN(J = 3-2)-to-HCN(J = 1-0), HCO+(J = 3-2)-to-HCO+(J = 1-0), and HCO+-to-HCN intensity ratios between the sources dominated by an AGN and those with an additional or pure central SB: the HCN, HCO+, and HCO+-to-HCN intensity ratios tend to be higher in the galaxies of our sample with a central SB as opposed to the pure AGN cases, which show rather low intensity ratios. Based on an LVG analysis of these data, i.e., assuming purely collisional excitation, the ( average) molecular gas densities in the SB-dominated sources of our sample seem to be systematically higher than in the AGN sources. The LVG analysis seems to further support systematically higher HCN and/or lower HCO+ abundances as well as similar or higher gas temperatures in AGNs compared to the SB sources of our sample. In addition, we find that the HCN-to-CO ratios decrease with increasing rotational number J for the AGNs while they stay mostly constant for the SB sources. C1 [Krips, M.; Martin, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Neri, R.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Garcia-Burillo, S.; Gracia-Carpio, J.] Observ Madrid, Observ Astron Nacl, Madrid 28014, Spain. [Combes, F.] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Eckart, A.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. RP Krips, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA Project, 60 Garden St,MS 78, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mkrips@cfa.harvard.edu; neri@iram.fr; gburillo@oan.es; smartin@cfaharvard.edu; francoise.combes@obspm.fr; j.gracia@oan.es; eckart@ph1.uni-koeln.de NR 95 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP 262 EP 275 DI 10.1086/527367 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CG UT WOS:000254754300018 ER PT J AU Qin, SL Zhao, JH Moran, JM Marrone, DP Patel, NA Wang, JJ Liu, SY Kuan, YJ AF Qin, Sheng-Li Zhao, Jun-Hui Moran, James M. Marrone, Daniel P. Patel, Nimesh A. Wang, Jun-Jie Liu, Sheng-Yuan Kuan, Yi-Jehng TI Infall and outflow of molecular gas in Sgr B2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : center; ISM : individual (Sgr B2); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM; stars : formation ID STAR-FORMING REGION; MILLIMETER CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; SAGITTARIUS B2 MAIN; LINE OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; GALACTIC-CENTER; SPECTRAL-LINE; FORMALDEHYDE; EMISSION; B2(N) AB Observations of two H2CO (3(03)-2(02) and 3(21)-2(20)) lines and continuum emission at 1.3 mm toward Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M) have been carried out with the SMA. The mosaic maps of Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M) in both continuum and lines show a complex distribution of dust and molecular gas in both clumps and filaments surrounding the compact star formation cores. We have observed a decelerating outflow originated from the Sgr B2(M) core, showing that both the redshifted and blueshifted outflow components have a common terminal velocity. This terminal velocity is 58 +/- 2 km s(-1). It provides an excellent method for determination of the systematic velocity of the molecular cloud. The SMA observations have also shown that a large fraction of absorption against the two continuum cores is redshifted with respect to the systematic velocities of Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M), respectively, suggesting that the majority of the dense molecular gas is flowing into the two major cores where massive stars have been formed. We have solved the radiative transfer in a multilevel system with LVG approximation. The observed H2CO line intensities and their ratios can be adequately fitted with this model for the most of the gas components. However, the line intensities between the higher energy level transition H2CO(3(21)-2(20)) and the lower energy level transition H2CO(3(03)-2(02)) is reversed in the redshifted outflow region of Sgr B2(M), suggesting the presence of inversion in population between the ground levels in the two K ladders (K-1 = 10 and 2). The possibility of weak maser processes for the H2CO emission in Sgr B2(M) is discussed. C1 [Qin, Sheng-Li; Zhao, Jun-Hui; Moran, James M.; Marrone, Daniel P.; Patel, Nimesh A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Qin, Sheng-Li; Wang, Jun-Jie] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. [Liu, Sheng-Yuan; Kuan, Yi-Jehng] Acad Sinica Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Kuan, Yi-Jehng] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. RP Qin, SL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sqin@cfa.harvard.edu OI Moran, James/0000-0002-3882-4414 NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP 353 EP 372 DI 10.1086/529067 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CG UT WOS:000254754300027 ER PT J AU Prisinzano, L Micela, G Flaccomio, E Stauffer, JR Megeath, T Rebull, L Robberto, M Smith, K Feigelson, ED Grosso, N Wolk, S AF Prisinzano, L. Micela, G. Flaccomio, E. Stauffer, J. R. Megeath, T. Rebull, L. Robberto, M. Smith, K. Feigelson, E. D. Grosso, N. Wolk, S. TI X-ray properties of protostars in the Orion Nebula SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : general; open clusters and associations : individual (Orion Nebula Cluster); stars : activity; stars : pre-main-sequence; X-rays : stars ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; T-TAURI STAR; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; COUNTING DETECTOR IMAGES; ULTRADEEP PROJECT; TRAPEZIUM CLUSTER; MOLECULAR CLOUD; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AB The origin and evolution of the X-ray emission in very young stellar objects (YSOs) are not yet well understood because it is very hard to observe YSOs in the protostellar phase. Using COUP data, we study the X-ray properties of stars in the ONC in different evolutionary classes: luminosities, hydrogen column densities N-H, effective plasma temperatures, and time variability are compared to understand if the interaction between the circumstellar material and the central object can influence the X-ray emission. We have assembled the deepest and most complete photometric catalog of objects in the ONC region from the UV to 8 mu m using data from the HST Treasury Program; deep and almost simultaneous UBVI and JHK images taken, respectively, with WFI at ESO 2.2 m and ISPI at CTIO 4 m telescopes; and Spitzer IRAC imaging. We select high-probability candidate Class 0-I protostars, a sample of "bona fide'' Class II stars, and a set of Class III stars with IR emission consistent with normal photospheres. Our principal result is that Class 0-Ia objects are significantly less luminous in X-rays, in both the total and hard bands, than the more evolved Class II stars with mass larger than 0.5 M-circle dot; the latter show X-ray luminosities similar to those of Class 0-Ib stars. This result supports the hypothesis that the onset of X-ray emission occurs at a very early stage of star formation. Spectral properties of Class 0-I stars are similar to those of the more evolved Class II and III objects, except for a larger absorption likely due to gas in the envelope or disk of the protostellar objects. Our data suggest that the three different classes have similar X-ray temporal variability. C1 [Prisinzano, L.; Micela, G.; Flaccomio, E.] Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Stauffer, J. R.; Rebull, L.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Megeath, T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Robberto, M.; Smith, K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Feigelson, E. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Grosso, N.] Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, Observ Astron Strasbourg, INSU, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. [Wolk, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Prisinzano, L (reprint author), Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. EM loredana@astropa.inaf.it OI Flaccomio, Ettore/0000-0002-3638-5788; Prisinzano, Loredana/0000-0002-8893-2210; Micela, Giuseppina/0000-0002-9900-4751; Wolk, Scott/0000-0002-0826-9261; Rebull, Luisa/0000-0001-6381-515X NR 70 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP 401 EP 424 DI 10.1086/528842 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CG UT WOS:000254754300030 ER PT J AU Butt, YM Bykov, AM AF Butt, Yousaf M. Bykov, Andrei M. TI A cosmic-ray resolution to the superbubble energy crisis SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; gamma rays : observations; ISM : bubbles open; clusters and associations : general; supernova remnants ID LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; OB ASSOCIATIONS; X-RAYS AB Superbubbles (SBs) are among the greatest injectors of energy into the Galaxy, and have been proposed to be the acceleration site of Galactic cosmic rays. They are thought to be powered by the fast stellar winds and powerful supernova explosions of massive stars in dense stellar clusters and associations. Observations of the SB "DEM L192" in the neighboring Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) show that it contains only about one-third the energy injected by its constituent stars via fast stellar winds and supernovae. It is not yet understood where the excess energy is going - thus, the so-called energy-crisis. We show here that it is very likely that a significant fraction of the unaccounted for energy is being taken up in accelerating cosmic rays, thus bolstering the argument for the SB origin of cosmic rays. C1 [Butt, Yousaf M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bykov, Andrei M.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ybutt@cfa.harvard.edu; byk@astro.ioffe.ru RI Bykov, Andrei/E-3131-2014 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP L21 EP L22 DI 10.1086/587875 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZZ UT WOS:000255237400006 ER PT J AU Sivakoff, GR Kraft, RP Jordan, A Juett, AM Evans, DA Forman, WR Hardcastle, MJ Sarazin, CL Birkinshaw, M Brassington, NJ Croston, JH Harris, WE Jones, C Murray, SS Raychaudhury, S Woodley, KA Worrall, DM AF Sivakoff, G. R. Kraft, R. P. Jordan, A. Juett, A. M. Evans, D. A. Forman, W. R. Hardcastle, M. J. Sarazin, C. L. Birkinshaw, M. Brassington, N. J. Croston, J. H. Harris, W. E. Jones, C. Murray, S. S. Raychaudhury, S. Woodley, K. A. Worrall, D. M. TI A transient black hole low-mass X-ray binary candidate in Centaurus A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE binaries : close; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular; cD galaxies : individual (Centaurus A, NGC 5128); X-rays : binaries ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; NGC 5128 CENTAURUS; M31; POPULATION; DISTANCES; CATALOG AB We report the discovery of a bright transient X-ray source, CXOU J132518.2-430304, toward Centaurus A (Cen A) using six new Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations in 2007 March-May. Between 2003 and 2007, its flux has increased by a factor of > 770. The source is likely a low-mass X-ray binary in Cen A with unabsorbed 0.3-10 keV band luminosities of (2-3) x 10(39)ergs s(-1) and a transition from the steep-power-law state to the thermal state during our observations. CXOU J132518.2-430304 is the most luminous X-ray source in an early-type galaxy with extensive timing information that reveals transience and a spectral state transition. Combined with its luminosity, these properties make this source one of the strongest candidates to date for containing a stellar-mass black hole in an early-type galaxy. Unless this outburst lasts many years, the rate of luminous transients in Cen A is anomalously high compared to other early-type galaxies. C1 [Sivakoff, G. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, McPherson Lab 4055, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kraft, R. P.; Jordan, A.; Evans, D. A.; Forman, W. R.; Birkinshaw, M.; Brassington, N. J.; Jones, C.; Murray, S. S.; Raychaudhury, S.; Worrall, D. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Juett, A. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Xray Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hardcastle, M. J.; Croston, J. H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Sarazin, C. L.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Birkinshaw, M.; Worrall, D. M.] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 ITL, Avon, England. [Harris, W. E.; Woodley, K. A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Raychaudhury, S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Sivakoff, GR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, McPherson Lab 4055, 140 W 18Th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sivakoff@astronomy.ohio-state.edu RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Sivakoff, Gregory/G-9602-2011 OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Sivakoff, Gregory/0000-0001-6682-916X NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 1 BP L27 EP L30 DI 10.1086/587960 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZZ UT WOS:000255237400008 ER PT J AU De Pascale, GP Pollard, WH Williams, KK AF De Pascale, Gregory P. Pollard, Wayne H. Williams, Kevin K. TI Geophysical mapping of ground ice using a combination of capacitive coupled resistivity and ground-penetrating radar, Northwest Territories, Canada SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN ARCTIC COAST; TUKTOYAKTUK PENINSULA AREA; MOUNTAIN PERMAFROST; BASAL ICE; ALASKA; USA; STRATIGRAPHY; TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; FEATURES AB The nature and distribution of ground ice are two of the most unpredictable geological variables in near-surface deposits characterized by continuous permafrost. Subsurface information about ground ice distribution and structure can be obtained either by invasive and environmentally destructive techniques like drilling and excavation or by noninvasive low-impact geophysical methods. In this study, coordinated measurements by two complementary geophysical tools, capacitive-coupled resistivity (CCR) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) were used to map ground ice in a variety of locations in the Mackenzie Delta region of the western Canadian Arctic. Both CCR and GPR systems are highly portable (especially on snow covered surfaces) and very effective in collecting data under winter conditions when cold ground temperatures ensure that nearly all liquid water is frozen and signal penetration is enhanced. CCR and GPR readily detect stratigraphic differences including the contacts between massive ice deposits and enclosing sediments. GPR is widely used in permafrost research, but CCR has been used in only a few studies. This is the first study to combine results from both systems by collecting complementary data sets along coincident transects. We demonstrate that when combined, these data increase the quality and interpretation of subsurface information beyond what could be determined by either of the instruments alone. The complementary nature of these two geophysical tools facilitated the detection and mapping of massive ground ice, ice-rich sediments, ice wedges, thermokarst, and basic stratigraphic relationships. This study breaks new ground by documenting the benefits of using these techniques together in permafrost investigations. C1 [De Pascale, Gregory P.; Pollard, Wayne H.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Williams, Kevin K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP De Pascale, GP (reprint author), William Lettis & Associates Inc, Earth Sci Consultants, 1777 Botelho Dr,Suite 262, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 USA. EM wayne.pollard@mcgill.ca NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS F2 AR F02S90 DI 10.1029/2006JF000585 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 289TL UT WOS:000255076700001 ER PT J AU Schultz, TR Brady, SG AF Schultz, Ted R. Brady, Sean G. TI Major evolutionary transitions in ant agriculture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Attini; divergence dating; Formicidae; phylogeny; symbiosis ID FUNGUS-GROWING ANTS; GENUS TRACHYMYRMEX FOREL; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROBE SYMBIOSIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; GROUP HYMENOPTERA; DIVERGENCE TIMES; ABSOLUTE RATES; FORMICIDAE AB Agriculture is a specialized form of symbiosis that is known to have evolved in only four animal groups: humans, bark beetles, termites, and ants. Here, we reconstruct the major evolutionary transitions that produced the five distinct agricultural systems of the fungus-growing ants, the most well studied of the nonhuman agriculturalists. We do so with reference to the first fossil-calibrated, multiple-gene, molecular phylogeny that incorporates the full range of taxonomic diversity within the fungus-growing ant tribe Attini. Our analyses indicate that the original form of ant agriculture, the cultivation of a diverse subset of fungal species in the tribe Leucocoprineae, evolved approximate to 50 million years ago in the Neotropics, coincident with the early Eocene climatic optimum. During the past 30 million years, three known ant agricultural systems, each involving a phylogenetically distinct set of derived fungal cultivars, have separately arisen from the original agricultural system. One of these derived systems subsequently gave rise to the fifth known system of agriculture, in which a single fungal species is cultivated by leaf-cutter ants. Leaf-cutter ants evolved remarkably recently (approximate to 8-12 million years. ago) to become the dominant herbivores of the New World tropics. Our analyses identify relict, extant attine ant species that occupy phylogenetic positions that are transitional between the agricultural systems. Intensive study of those species holds particular promise for clarifying the sequential accretion of ecological and behavioral characters that produced each of the major ant agricultural systems. C1 [Schultz, Ted R.; Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol & Labs Analyt Biol, NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Schultz, TR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol & Labs Analyt Biol, NHB, POB 37012,CE516,MRC 188, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM schultzt@si.edu NR 72 TC 245 Z9 251 U1 17 U2 107 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 8 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 14 BP 5435 EP 5440 DI 10.1073/pnas.0711024105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 287CG UT WOS:000254893600029 PM 18362345 ER PT J AU Kerkines, I Wang, Z Morokuma, K Zhang, P AF Kerkines, Ioannis Wang, Zhi Morokuma, Keiji Zhang, Peng TI PHYS 619-The low-lying potential energy hypersurfaces of N-3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Kerkines, Ioannis; Wang, Zhi; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Kerkines, Ioannis; Wang, Zhi; Morokuma, Keiji] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, Peng] Harvard Univ, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ikerkin@emory.edu; zwang6@emory.edu; morokuma@emory.edu; pezhang@cfa.harvard.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 619-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108819 ER PT J AU Bracho, R Powell, TL Dore, S Li, JH Hinkle, CR Drake, BG AF Bracho, Rosvel Powell, Thomas L. Dore, Sabina Li, Jiahong Hinkle, C. Ross Drake, Bert G. TI Environmental and biological controls on water and energy exchange in Florida scrub oak and pine flatwoods ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TRANSITIONAL TROPICAL FOREST; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOIL-MOISTURE; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE CONDUCTANCE; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; VEGETATION HISTORY; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB Scrub oak and pine flatwoods are two contrasting ecosystems common to the humid subtropical climate of Florida. Scrub oak forests are short in stature (<2 m) and occur on well-drained sandy soils, and pine flatwoods are much taller and occur in areas with poorly drained soils. Eddy covariance measurements were made from January 2001 to February 2003 over a scrub oak forest and from January 2002 to February 2003 over an adjacent pine flatwoods located on in central Florida, USA, and exposed to similar atmospheric conditions to evaluate how the dynamics of latent heat (lambda E) and sensible heat (H) exchanges are affected by environmental and biological variables. Annual evapotranspiration (Et) for the scrub oak was 737 and 713 mm in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Et was comparatively higher, 812 mm, in 2002 at the pine flatwoods due to higher soil moisture and leaf area. In both ecosystems, springtime increases in lambda E coincided with increasing leaf area and evaporative demand. However, H was the main energy-dissipating component in the spring due to the seasonal decrease in soil water content in the upper soil profile. In the spring, mean weekly Bowen ratio (beta, i.e. H/lambda E) values reached 1.6 and 1.2 in the scrub oak and pine flatwoods, respectively. With the onset of the summertime rainy season, lambda E became the dominant energy flux and beta fells to < 0.4. In both ecosystems, beta was strongly controlled by the interaction between leaf area and soil moisture. The lowest values of the decoupling coefficient (Omega, 0.2 and 0.25 scrub oak and pine flatwoods, respectively) also occurred during the dry springtime period indicating that surface conductance (g(s)) was the mechanism controlling energy partitioning causing high beta in both ecosystems. Et increases in the spring, when water in the upper soil profile was scarce and strongly retained by soil particles, indicated that plants in both ecosystems obtained water from deeper sources. The results from this research elucidate how energy partitioning differs and is regulated in contrasting ecosystems within the Florida landscape, which is important for refining regional hydrological and climate models. C1 [Bracho, Rosvel] Univ Nacl Expt Tachira, Dept Agron, San Cristobal Tachira, Venezuela. [Bracho, Rosvel; Dore, Sabina] CNR, Kennedy Space Ctr, FL USA. [Powell, Thomas L.; Li, Jiahong; Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Dore, Sabina] No Arizona Univ, Environm Res Ctr, Dept Biol Sci & Merriam Powell, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hinkle, C. Ross] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Bracho, R (reprint author), Univ Nacl Expt Tachira, Dept Agron, San Cristobal Tachira, Venezuela. EM rbracho@unet.edu.ve RI Powell, Thomas/F-9877-2016 OI Powell, Thomas/0000-0002-3516-7164 NR 95 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 5 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G2 AR G02004 DI 10.1029/2007JG000469 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 284PE UT WOS:000254717500002 ER PT J AU Kalka, MB Smith, AR Kalko, EKV AF Kalka, Margareta B. Smith, Adam R. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Bats limit arthropods and herbivory in a tropical forest SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INSECTS; TREES C1 [Kalka, Margareta B.; Smith, Adam R.; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 03092, Panama. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. RP Kalka, MB (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apdo 0843, Balboa 03092, Panama. EM mbkalka@gmail.com NR 6 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 6 U2 70 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5872 BP 71 EP 71 DI 10.1126/science.1153352 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 283JR UT WOS:000254633000031 PM 18388286 ER PT J AU Li, CH Benedick, AJ Fendel, P Glenday, AG Kartner, FX Phillips, DF Sasselov, D Szentgyorgyi, A Walsworth, RL AF Li, Chih-Hao Benedick, Andrew J. Fendel, Peter Glenday, Alexander G. Kartner, Franz X. Phillips, David F. Sasselov, Dimitar Szentgyorgyi, Andrew Walsworth, Ronald L. TI A laser frequency comb that enables radial velocity measurements with a precision of 1 cm s(-1) SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC VAPOR; PLANETS; DECELERATION; SYSTEM; STARS AB Searches for extrasolar planets using the periodic Doppler shift of stellar spectral lines have recently achieved a precision of 60 cm s(-1) ( ref. 1), which is sufficient to find a 5- Earth- mass planet in a Mercury- like orbit around a Sun- like star. To find a 1- Earth-mass planet in an Earth- like orbit, a precision of similar to 5 cm s(-1) is necessary. The combination of a laser frequency comb with a Fabry-Perot filtering cavity has been suggested as a promising approach to achieve such Doppler shift resolution via improved spectrograph wavelength calibration(2-4), with recent encouraging results(5). Here we report the fabrication of such a filtered laser comb with up to 40-GHz ( similar to 1-angstrom ) line spacing, generated from a 1-GHz repetition- rate source, without compromising long- term stability, reproducibility or spectral resolution. This wide- linespacing comb, or 'astro- comb', is well matched to the resolving power of high- resolution astrophysical spectrographs. The astro-comb should allow a precision as high as 1 cm s(-1) in astronomical radial velocity measurements. C1 [Li, Chih-Hao; Glenday, Alexander G.; Phillips, David F.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Li, Chih-Hao; Glenday, Alexander G.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Benedick, Andrew J.; Fendel, Peter; Kartner, Franz X.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Benedick, Andrew J.; Fendel, Peter; Kartner, Franz X.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fendel, Peter] MenloSyst Inc, Newton, NJ 07860 USA. RP Walsworth, RL (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM rwalsworth@cfa.harvard.edu NR 18 TC 203 Z9 206 U1 5 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 3 PY 2008 VL 452 IS 7187 BP 610 EP 612 DI 10.1038/nature06854 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282KR UT WOS:000254567200040 PM 18385734 ER PT J AU Post, JE Heaney, PJ AF Post, Jeffrey E. Heaney, Peter J. TI Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction study of the structure and dehydration behavior of palygorskite SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE palygorskite; Rietveld; synchrotron; X-ray diffraction; time-resolved ID MAYA BLUE PAINT; SEPIOLITE; CRYSTAL; ATTAPULGITE; REFINEMENT; WATER AB Rielveld refinements using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data were used to study the crystal structure and dehydration behavior of pure monoclinic palygorskite samples from Korea and Alaska. The 300 and 100 K palygorskite structures in air compare well with previous models but provide additional details about zeolitic H2O sites and reveal that the Al atoms are ordered into the inner M2 octahedral sites and the Mg cations into the M3 sites at the edges of the tunnels. Real-time, temperature-resolved synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data and Rielveld refinements were used to investigate the monoclinic palygorskite structure from 300 to 1400 K (in air). Rietveld refinements showed that most of the zeolitic H2O is lost by similar to 425 K, accompanied by a decrease in the unit-cell volume of 1.3%, primarily owing to a decrease in the a unit-cell parameter and an increase in the beta angle. The structurally bound H2O is lost in two stages, at temperature intervals of 475-540 and 580-725 K. Above similar to 825 K in air a portion of the Korean sample transformed to a folded structure; the Alaskan sample folded at similar to 575 K under vacuum. A structure model was refined for the folded structure. At similar to 1015 K for the sample heated in air, beta-quartz diffraction peaks appeared and increased in intensity as heating continued to the maximum temperature. Cristobalite formed above similar to 1050 K, along with a small amount of clinoenstatite, and both phases persisted to the maximum temperature studied. C1 [Post, Jeffrey E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Heaney, Peter J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Post, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM postj@si.edu NR 39 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD APR PY 2008 VL 93 IS 4 BP 667 EP 675 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2590 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 283SU UT WOS:000254657600020 ER PT J AU Yanoviak, SP Kaspari, M Dudley, R Poinar, G AF Yanoviak, S. P. Kaspari, M. Dudley, R. Poinar, G., Jr. TI Parasite-induced fruit mimicry in a tropical canopy ant SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE behavior; color; frugivory; interaction; nematode; parasitism; Cephalotes; Myrmeconema ID SP NEMATODA; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; TETRADONEMATIDAE; CYSTICERCOIDS; POLYMORPHISM; BEHAVIOR; WORKERS; HOSTS; SEEDS AB Some parasites modify characteristics of intermediate hosts to facilitate their consumption by subsequent hosts, but examples of parasite-mediated mimicry are rare. Here we report dramatic changes in the appearance and behavior of nematode-parasitized ants such that they resemble ripe fruits in the tropical rain forest canopy. Unlike healthy ants, which are completely black, infected ants have bright red, berry-like gasters full of parasite eggs. The infected gasters are held in a conspicuous elevated position as the ants are walking, and they are easily detached from living ants, which also exhibit reduced defensive responses. This combination of changes presumably makes the infected ants attractive to frugivorous birds, which ingest the red gasters and pass the parasite eggs in their feces. The feces are collected by ants and fed to the developing brood, thus completing the cycle. This is the first documentation of parasites causing apparent fruit mimicry in an animal host to complete their life cycle. C1 [Yanoviak, S. P.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. [Kaspari, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Zool, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kaspari, M.; Dudley, R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Dudley, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Poinar, G., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Yanoviak, SP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, 2801 S Univ Ave, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM spyanoviak@ualr.edu; mkaspari@ou.edu; wings@socrates.berkeley.edu; poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu OI Kaspari, Michael/0000-0002-9717-5768 NR 42 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 17 U2 76 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD APR PY 2008 VL 171 IS 4 BP 536 EP 544 DI 10.1086/528968 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271FC UT WOS:000253773300013 PM 18279076 ER PT J AU Riveros, AJ Srygley, RB AF Riveros, A. J. Srygley, R. B. TI Do leafcutter ants, Atta colombica, orient their path-integrated home vector with a magnetic compass? SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE atta colombica; dead-reckoning; directional orientation; geocentric cues; homing; Hymenoptera; leafcutter ant; path integration; spatial orientation ID DESERT ANT; WOOD ANTS; LEUCORCHESTRIS-ARENICOLA; FORMICA-JAPONICA; MIGRATORY ANT; NAVIGATION; CATAGLYPHIS; VISION; FIELD; MAGNETORECEPTION AB Leafcutter ants, Atta colombica, forage over 250 m in structurally complex, Neotropical rainforests that occlude sun or polarized light cues. Night foraging makes the use of celestial cues and landmarks all the more difficult. We investigated the directional cues used by leafcutter ants to orient homeward by experimentally reversing the polarity of the local magnetic field and by experimentally subjecting the ants to a strong magnetic pulse to disrupt a magnetic compass. In both experiments, we transferred homeward-bound ants from a foraging trail to a table in a chamber that occluded landmark and celestial cues. In both experiments, control ants showed path integration and walked directly towards the nest. In the reversed field, one-half of the experimental ants oriented according to the reversed field ( geographically 180 degrees opposite to the nest's direction), indicating that they used a magnetic compass to update their positional reference derived from path integration. The other half walked towards the nest, suggesting that they may have used an egocentric reference to measure their rotation when displaced, although other explanations have not been entirely excluded. With application of a very brief, but strong, magnetic pulse, experimental ants oriented randomly. We conclude that the leafcutter ants use the earth's magnetic field as a reference by which to orient when path-integrating towards home. C1 [Riveros, A. J.; Srygley, R. B.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Riveros, A. J.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Biol, Bogota, Colombia. [Srygley, R. B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RP Srygley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, BC 59270, Canada. EM bob.srygley@zoo.ox.ac.uk NR 47 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD APR PY 2008 VL 75 BP 1273 EP 1281 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.030 PN 4 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 278BH UT WOS:000254258000010 ER PT J AU Trinkel, M Ferguson, N Reid, A Reid, C Somers, M Turelli, L Graf, J Szykman, M Cooper, D Haverman, P Kastberger, G Packer, C Slotow, R AF Trinkel, M. Ferguson, N. Reid, A. Reid, C. Somers, M. Turelli, L. Graf, J. Szykman, M. Cooper, D. Haverman, P. Kastberger, G. Packer, C. Slotow, R. TI Translocating lions into an inbred lion population in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa SO ANIMAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE lion; Panthera leo; translocation; inbreeding; population dynamics ID PANTHERA-LEO AB A fundamental problem in conservation biology is the risk of inbreeding in fragmented and declining populations. In the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP), a small, enclosed reserve in South Africa, a large lion Panthera leo population arose from a founder group of five individuals in the 1960s. The HiP lion population went through a persistent decline and showed indications of inbreeding depression. To restore the genetic variation of the inbred HiP lion population, new lions were translocated into the existing population. Translocated females formed stable associations and established enduring pride areas with other translocated lionesses, but did not bond into native female prides. The translocated male coalition was more successful in gaining and maintaining residence in a pride than the translocated lone male that split off on his own from the male coalition. Litter size and cub survival was about twice as high for pairings involving at least one translocated parent than for pairings of two native lions. It is therefore possible to infuse new genes rapidly and successfully into a small, isolated lion population. Such translocations may become an important adaptive management tool as lion populations become increasingly fragmented. C1 [Trinkel, M.; Ferguson, N.; Reid, A.; Turelli, L.; Graf, J.; Slotow, R.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Trinkel, M.; Kastberger, G.] Graz Univ, Inst Zool, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Ferguson, N.] Maple Leaf Foods, Maple Leaf Anim Nutr, Guelph, ON, Canada. [Reid, C.; Cooper, D.; Haverman, P.] Hluhluwe iMfolozi Pk, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Kwa Zulu, South Africa. [Somers, M.] Univ Pretoria, Ctr Wildlife Management, Ctr Invas Biol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Szykman, M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Szykman, M.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Packer, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Trinkel, M (reprint author), Blumenhang 15-6, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM martina_trinkel@yahoo.com RI Somers, Michael/A-1523-2008; OI Slotow, Rob/0000-0001-9469-1508; /0000-0002-5836-8823 NR 24 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 45 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1367-9430 J9 ANIM CONSERV JI Anim. Conserv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00163.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281LJ UT WOS:000254498700008 ER PT J AU Meszaros, S Dupree, AK Szentgyorgyi, A AF Meszaros, Sz. Dupree, A. K. Szentgyorgyi, A. TI Mass outflow and chromospheric activity of red giant stars in globular clusters. I. M15 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : general; globular clusters : individual (M15); stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : chromospheres; stars : mass loss ID HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM; ALPHA LINE-PROFILES; RELATIVE AGES; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; OMEGA-CENTAURI; GALACTIC HALO; 2ND PARAMETER; RGB STARS; EMISSION AB High-resolution spectra of 110 selected red giant stars in the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078) were obtained with Hectochelle at the MMT telescope in 2005 May, 2006 May, and 2006 October. Echelle orders containing Ha and Ca II H & K are used to identify emission and line asymmetries characterizing motions in the extended atmospheres. Emission in H alpha is detected to a luminosity of log(L/L-circle dot) = 2.36, in this very metal-deficient cluster, comparable to other studies, suggesting that the appearance of emission wings is independent of stellar metallicity. The faintest stars showing H alpha emission appear to lie on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) in M15. A line-bisector technique for H alpha reveals outflowing velocities in all stars brighter than log(L/L-circle dot) = 2.5, and this outflow velocity increases with stellar luminosity, indicating the mass outflow increases smoothly with luminosity. Many stars lying low on the AGB show exceptionally high outflow velocities (up to 10-15 km s(-1)) and more velocity variability (up to 6-8 km s(-1)) than red giant branch (RGB) stars of similar apparent magnitude. High velocities in M15 may be related to the low cluster metallicity. Dusty stars identified from Spitzer Space Telescope infrared photometry as AGB stars are confirmed as cluster members by radial velocity measurements, yet their Ha profiles are similar to those of RGB stars without dust. If substantial mass loss creates the circumstellar shell responsible for infrared emission, such mass loss must be episodic. C1 [Meszaros, Sz.; Dupree, A. K.; Szentgyorgyi, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Meszaros, Sz.] Univ Szeged, Dept Opt & Quantum Elect, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. RP Meszaros, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM meszi@cfa.harvard.edu; adupree@cfa.harvard.edu; saint@cfa.harvard.edu RI Meszaros, Szabolcs/N-2287-2014 OI Meszaros, Szabolcs/0000-0001-8237-5209 NR 74 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1135 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1117 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 283RX UT WOS:000254655300003 ER PT J AU Modjaz, M Kewley, L Kirshner, RP Stanek, KZ Challis, P Garnavich, PM Greene, JE Kelly, PL Prieto, JL AF Modjaz, M. Kewley, L. Kirshner, R. P. Stanek, K. Z. Challis, P. Garnavich, P. M. Greene, J. E. Kelly, P. L. Prieto, J. L. TI Measured metallicities at the sites of nearby broad-lined type Ic supernovae and implications for the supernovae gamma-ray burst connection SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : distances and redshifts; gamma rays : bursts; supernovae : general ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; H-II REGIONS; CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; METAL-POOR GALAXIES; DWARF IRREGULAR GALAXIES; BLUE COMPACT GALAXIES; 25 APRIL 1998; HOST GALAXIES AB We compare the chemical abundances at the sites of 12 nearby (z < 0.14) Type Ic supernovae (SN Ic) that showed broad lines, but had no observed gamma-ray burst (GRB), with the chemical abundances in five nearby (z < 0.25) galaxies at the sites of GRBs where broad-lined SN Ic were seen after the fireball had faded. It has previously been noted that GRB hosts are low in luminosity and low in their metal abundances. If low metallicity is sufficient to force the evolution of massive stars to end their lives as GRBs with an accompanying broad-lined SN Ic, then we would expect higher metal abundances for the broad-lined SN Ic that have no detected GRBs. This is what we observe, and this trend is independent of the choice of metallicity calibration we adopt and the mode of SN survey that found the broad-lined SN Ic. A unique feature of this analysis is that we present new spectra of the host galaxies and analyze all measurements of both samples in the same set of methods, using the galaxy emission-line measurements corrected for extinction and stellar absorption, via independent metallicity diagnostics of Kewley & Dopita, McGaugh, and Pettini & Pagel. In our small sample, the boundary between galaxies that have GRBs accompanying their broad-lined SN Ic and those that have broad-lined SN Ic without GRBs lies at an oxygen abundance of 12 + log(O/H)(KD02) similar to 8.5, which corresponds to 0.2-0.6 Z(circle dot) depending on the adopted metallicity scale and solar abundance value. Even when we limit the comparison to SN Ic that were found in untargeted supernova surveys, the environment of every broad-lined SN Ic that had no GRB is more metal rich than the site of any broad-lined SN Ic where a GRB was detected. C1 [Modjaz, M.; Kirshner, R. P.; Challis, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Modjaz, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kewley, L.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stanek, K. Z.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Garnavich, P. M.; Prieto, J. L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Greene, J. E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kelly, P. L.] Kali Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Modjaz, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mmodjaz@cfa.harvard.edu; kewley@IfA.Hawaii.Edu; kirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; pchallis@cfa.harvard.edu; pgarnavi@nd.edu; jgreene@astro.princeton.edu; prieto@astronomy.ohio-state.edu NR 171 TC 216 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1136 EP 1150 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1136 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 283RX UT WOS:000254655300004 ER PT J AU Boyer, ML McDonald, I Van Loon, JT Woodward, CE Gehrz, RD Evans, A Dupree, AK AF Boyer, Martha L. McDonald, Iain Van Loon, Jacco Th. Woodward, Charles E. Gehrz, Robert D. Evans, A. Dupree, A. K. TI A Spitzer Space Telescope atlas of omega centauri: The stellar population, mass loss, and the intracluster medium SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE globular clusters : individual (omega Centauri); infrared : general; ISM : evolution; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : mass loss ID GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; GIANT BRANCH STARS; RED GIANTS; ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION; DUST FORMATION; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN AB We present a Spitzer Space Telescope imaging survey of the most massive Galactic globular cluster, omega Centauri, and investigate stellar mass loss at low metallicity and the intracluster medium (ICM). The survey covers approximately 3.2 x the cluster half-mass radius at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8, and 24 mu m, resulting in a catalog of over 40,000 point sources in the cluster. Approximately 140 cluster members ranging 1.5 dex in metallicity show a red excess at 24 mu m, indicative of circumstellar dust. If all of the dusty sources experience mass loss, the cumulative rate of loss is estimated at 2.9-4.2 x 10(-7) M-circle dot yr(-1), 63%-66% of which is supplied by three asymptotic giant branch stars at the tip of the red giant branch (RGB). There is little evidence for strong mass loss lower on the RGB. If this material had remained in the cluster center, its dust component (greater than or similar to 1 x 10(-4) M-circle dot) would be detectable in our 24 and 70 mu m images. While no dust cloud located at the center of omega Cen is apparent, we do see four regions of very faint, diffuse emission beyond two half-mass radii at 24 mu m. It is unclear whether these dust clouds are foreground emission or are associated with. Cen. In the latter case, these clouds may be the ICM in the process of escaping from the cluster. C1 [Boyer, Martha L.; Woodward, Charles E.; Gehrz, Robert D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [McDonald, Iain; Van Loon, Jacco Th.; Evans, A.] Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Sch Phys & Geog Sci, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Dupree, A. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Boyer, ML (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Sch Phys & Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM mboyer@astro.umn.edu NR 87 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1395 EP 1411 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1395 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 283RX UT WOS:000254655300024 ER PT J AU Matheson, T Kirshner, RP Challis, P Jha, S Garnavich, PM Berlind, P Calkins, ML Blondin, S Balog, Z Bragg, AE Caldwell, N Concannon, KD Falco, EE Graves, GJM Huchra, JP Kuraszkiewicz, J Mader, JA Mahdavi, A Phelps, M Rines, K Song, I Wilkes, BJ AF Matheson, T. Kirshner, R. P. Challis, P. Jha, S. Garnavich, P. M. Berlind, P. Calkins, M. L. Blondin, S. Balog, Z. Bragg, A. E. Caldwell, N. Concannon, K. Dendy Falco, E. E. Graves, G. J. M. Huchra, J. P. Kuraszkiewicz, J. Mader, J. A. Mahdavi, A. Phelps, M. Rines, K. Song, I. Wilkes, B. J. TI Optical spectroscopy of type Ia supernovae SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE supernovae : general; surveys ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; SN 1999BY; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; STANDARD STARS; DARK ENERGY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; ACCELERATING UNIVERSE AB We present 432 low-dispersion optical spectra of 32 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that also have well-calibrated light curves. The coverage ranges from 6 epochs to 36 epochs of spectroscopy. Most of the data were obtained with the 1.5 m Tillinghast telescope at the F. L. Whipple Observatory with typical wavelength coverage of 3700-7400 angstrom and a resolution of similar to 7 angstrom. The earliest spectra are 13 days before B-band maximum; two-thirds of the SNe were observed before maximum brightness. Coverage for some SNe continues almost to the nebular phase. The consistency of the method of observation and the technique of reduction makes this an ideal data set for studying the spectroscopic diversity of SNe Ia. C1 [Matheson, T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Kirshner, R. P.; Challis, P.; Huchra, J. P.; Kuraszkiewicz, J.; Phelps, M.; Wilkes, B. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jha, S.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Garnavich, P. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Calkins, M. L.; Falco, E. E.] FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Balog, Z.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bragg, A. E.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. [Concannon, K. Dendy] Kings Coll London, Dept Chem & Phys, Wilkes Barre, PA 18711 USA. [Graves, G. J. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mader, J. A.] WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Mahdavi, A.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Song, I.] CALTECH, IPAC, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Matheson, T (reprint author), Natl Opt Astron Observ, 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM matheson@noao.edu; kirshner@cfa.harvard.edu; pchallis@cfa.harvard.edu; saurabh@slac.stanford.edu; pgarnavi@nd.edu; pberlind@cfa.harvard.edu; mcalkins@cfa.harvard.edu; sblondin@cfa.harvard.edu; zbalog@as.arizona.edu; aebragg@bgnet.bgsu.edu; ncaldwell@cfa.harvard.edu; kdconcan@kings.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu; graves@ucolick.org; jhuchra@cfa.harvard.edu; jkuraszkiewicz@cfa.harvard.edu; jmader@keck.hawaii.edu; amahdavi@uvic.ca; mphelps@cfa.harvard.edu; krines@cfa.harvard.edu; song@ipac.altech.edu OI Wilkes, Belinda/0000-0003-1809-2364 NR 140 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1598 EP 1615 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1598 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 283RX UT WOS:000254655300040 ER PT J AU Hunt, LK Combes, F Garcia-Burillo, S Schinnerer, E Krips, M Baker, AJ Boone, F Eckart, A Leon, S Neri, R Tacconi, LJ AF Hunt, L. K. Combes, F. Garcia-Burillo, S. Schinnerer, E. Krips, M. Baker, A. J. Boone, F. Eckart, A. Leon, S. Neri, R. Tacconi, L. J. TI Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) - IX. The decoupled bars and gas inflow in NGC 2782 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : individual NGC 2782; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : spiral; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics; galaxies : ISM ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPIRAL GALAXIES; NGC 2782; SURFACE PHOTOMETRY; SECULAR EVOLUTION; ROTATION CURVES; STAR-FORMATION; DISK GALAXIES; STELLAR BARS AB We present CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) maps of the starburst/Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 2782 obtained with the IRAM interferometer, at 2 ''.1 x 1 ''.5 and 0 ''.7 x 0 ''.6 resolution respectively. The CO emission is aligned along the stellar nuclear bar of radius similar to 1 kpc, configured in an elongated structure with two spiral arms at high pitch angle similar to 90 degrees. At the extremity of the nuclear bar, the CO changes direction to trace two more extended spiral features at a lower pitch angle. These are the beginning of two straight dust lanes, which are aligned parallel to an oval distortion, reminiscent of a primary bar, almost perpendicular to the nuclear one. The two embedded bars appear in Spitzer IRAC near-infrared images, and HST color images, although highly obscured by dust in the latter. We compute the torques exerted by the stellar bars on the gas, and find systematically negative average torques down to the resolution limit of the images, providing evidence of gas inflow tantalizingly close to the nucleus of NGC 2782. We propose a dynamical scenario based on numerical simulations to interpret coherently the radio, optical, and molecular gas features in the center of the galaxy. Star formation is occurring in a partial ring at similar to 1.3 kpc radius corresponding to the Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR) of the primary bar; this ring-like structure encircles the nuclear bar, and is studded with Ha emission. The gas traced by CO emission is driven inward by the gravity torques of the decoupled nuclear bar, since most of it is inside its corotation. N-body simulations, including gas dissipation, predict the secondary bar decoupling, the formation of the elongated ring at the similar to 1 kpc-radius ILR of the primary bar, and the gas inflow to the ILR of the nuclear bar at a radius of similar to 200-300 pc. The presence of molecular gas inside the ILR of the primary bar, transported by a second nuclear bar, is a potential "smoking gun"; the gas there is certainly fueling the central starburst, and in a second step could fuel directly the AGN. C1 [Hunt, L. K.] Ist Radioastron, INAF, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Combes, F.; Boone, F.] Observ Paris, LERMA, F-75014 Paris, France. [Garcia-Burillo, S.] Observ Madrid, OAN, Madrid 28014, Spain. [Schinnerer, E.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Krips, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, SMA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Baker, A. J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Eckart, A.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys 1, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Leon, S.] IRAM, Pico Veleta Observ, E-18012 Granada, Spain. [Neri, R.] Inst Radio Astron Millimetr, F-38406 St Martin Dheres, France. [Tacconi, L. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. RP Hunt, LK (reprint author), Ist Radioastron, INAF, Sez Firenze, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM hunt@arcetri.astro.it OI Garcia-Burillo, Santiago/0000-0003-0444-6897; Schinnerer, Eva/0000-0002-3933-7677; Combes, Francoise/0000-0003-2658-7893 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 482 IS 1 BP 133 EP 150 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078874 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 346BA UT WOS:000259042200011 ER PT J AU Moullet, A Lellouch, E Moreno, R Gurwell, MA Moore, C AF Moullet, A. Lellouch, E. Moreno, R. Gurwell, M. A. Moore, C. TI First disk-resolved millimeter observations of Io's surface and SO2 atmosphere SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; planets and satellites : individual : Io ID SUBLIMATION-DRIVEN FLOW; VOLCANIC PLUMES; THERMAL EMISSION; VLA OBSERVATIONS; PELE PLUME; MODEL; METEOROLOGY; WAVELENGTHS; HEMISPHERE; PROMETHEUS AB Aims. In spite of considerable progress in the last two decades, Io's atmosphere remains poorly understood. The goal of this work is to improve our understanding of its spatial distribution, temperature and dynamics. Methods. We present millimeter observations of Io's surface and SO2 atmosphere at 1.4 mm obtained with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer in January-February 2005. With a synthesized beam of 0.5 x 1.5 '', these observations resolve Io's similar to 1.0 '' disk in the longitudinal/local time direction, and sample the leading and trailing hemispheres of Io. Results. The measured continuum total flux and visibilities show that continuum radiation originates from a depth of at least 1 cm in Io's subsurface. On both the leading and trailing sides, emission in the SO2 216.643 GHz line appears spatially narrower than the continuum, and suggests that the atmosphere covers similar to 80% of the surface on the leading side and similar to 60% on the trailing. On the leading side, disk-resolved spectra yield Doppler shift measurements, indicating a beam-integrated limb-to-limb velocity difference of 330 +/-3 100 m/s in the prograde direction. Such a flow allows an improved fit of disk-averaged SO2 spectra, but its origin remains to be understood. Mean gas temperatures are in the range 130-180 K, in agreement with estimates from IR measurements, and with a tendency for higher trailing vs leading side gas temperatures. On the basis of realistic plume models, we find that the contribution of isolated volcanic plumes to the SO2 emission is small. C1 [Moullet, A.; Lellouch, E.; Moreno, R.] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Gurwell, M. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Moore, C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Moullet, A (reprint author), Observ Paris, LESIA, 5 Pl J Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France. EM arielle.moullet@obspm.fr NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 482 IS 1 BP 279 EP U52 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078699 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 346BA UT WOS:000259042200026 ER PT J AU Beltran, MT Estalella, R Girart, JM Ho, PTP Anglada, G AF Beltran, M. T. Estalella, R. Girart, J. M. Ho, P. T. P. Anglada, G. TI On the nature of outflows in intermediate-mass protostars: a case study of IRAS 20050+2720 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual objects : IRAS 20050+2720; ISM : jets and outflows; stars : circumstellar matter; stars : formation ID YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; PROTOSTELLAR COLLAPSE CANDIDATES; BIPOLAR MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; STAR-FORMATION REGIONS; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; MULTIPOLAR OUTFLOW; FORMING REGIONS; IRAS 20050+2720; CLASS-0 SOURCE; CEPHEUS-E AB This is the third in a series of papers devoted to studying intermediate-mass molecular outflows and their powering sources in detail and with high-angular resolution. Aims. This paper studies the intermediate-mass YSO IRAS 20050+2720 and its molecular outflow and puts the results of this and the previous studied sources in the context of intermediate-mass star formation. Methods. We carried out VLA observations of the 7 mm continuum emission and OVRO observations of the 2.7 mm continuum emission, CO (J = 1 -> 0), C(18)O (J = 1 -> 0), and HC(3)N ( J = 12 -> 11) to map the core towards IRAS 20050+2720. The high-angular resolution of the observations allowed us to derive the properties of the dust emission, the molecular outflow, and the dense protostellar envelope. By adding this source to the sample of intermediate-mass protostars with outflows, we compared their properties and evolution with those of lower mass counterparts. Results. The 2.7 mm continuum emission has been resolved into three sources, labeled OVRO 1, OVRO 2, and OVRO 3. Two of them, OVRO 1 and OVRO 2, have also been detected at 7 mm. OVRO 3, which is located close to the C18O emission peak, could be associated with IRAS 20050+2720. The mass of the sources, estimated from the dust continuum emission, is 6.5 M(circle dot) for OVRO 1, 1.8 M(circle dot) for OVRO 2, and 1.3 M(circle dot) for OVRO 3. The CO (J = 1 -> 0) emission traces two bipolar outflows within the OVRO field of view, a roughly east-west bipolar outflow, labeled A, driven by the intermediate-mass source OVRO 1, and a northeast-southwest bipolar outflow, labeled B, probably powered by a YSO engulfed in the circumstellar envelope surrounding OVRO 1. Conclusions. The multiplicity of sources observed towards IRAS 20050+2720 appears to be typical of intermediate-mass protostars, which form in dense clustered environments. In some cases, as for example IRAS 20050+2720, intermediate-mass protostars would start forming after a first generation of low-mass stars has completed their main accretion phase. The properties of intermediate-mass protostars and their outflows are not significantly different from those of low-mass stars. Although intermediate-mass outflows are intrinsically more energetic than those driven by low-mass YSOs, they do not show intrinsically more complex morphologies when observed at high angular resolution. Known intermediate-mass protostars do not form a homogeneous group. Some objects are likely in an earlier evolutionary stage as suggested by the infrared emission and the outflow properties. C1 [Beltran, M. T.; Estalella, R.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain. [Girart, J. M.] Fac Ciencies, CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain. [Ho, P. T. P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ho, P. T. P.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Anglada, G.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18008 Granada, Spain. RP Beltran, MT (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Marti & Franques 1, Barcelona 08028, Catalunya, Spain. EM mbeltran@am.ub.es RI Girart, Josep/O-1638-2014; OI Girart, Josep/0000-0002-3829-5591; Beltran Sorolla, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-3315-5626 NR 84 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 481 IS 1 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20078045 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277EJ UT WOS:000254195200026 ER PT J AU Lommen, D Jorgensen, JK van Dishoeck, EF Crapsi, A AF Lommen, D. Jorgensen, J. K. van Dishoeck, E. F. Crapsi, A. TI SMA observations of young disks: separating envelope, disk, and stellar masses in class IYSOs SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; stars : formation; stars : individual : IRS 63; stars : individual : Elias 29 ID STAR-FORMING REGIONS; T-TAURI STARS; RHO-OPHIUCHI; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY; CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; INFALLING ENVELOPE; MOLECULAR CLOUD; PROTOSTARS AB Context. Young stars are born with envelopes, which in the early stages obscure the central ( proto) star and circumstellar disk. In the Class I stage, the disks are still young, but the envelopes are largely dispersed. This makes the Class I sources ideal targets for studies of the early stages of disks. Aims. We aim to determine the masses of the envelopes, disks, and central stars of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the Class I stage. Methods. We observed the embedded Class I objects IRS 63 and Elias 29 in the. Ophiuchi star-forming region with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at 1.1 mm. Results. IRS 63 and Elias 29 are both clearly detected in the continuum, with peak fluxes of 459 and 47 mJy/ beam, respectively. The continuum emission toward Elias 29 is clearly resolved, whereas IRS 63 is consistent with a point source down to a scale of 3 " ( 400 AU). The SMA data are combined with single-dish data, and both disk masses of 0.055 and <= 0.007 M(circle dot) and envelope masses of 0.058 and <= 0.058 M(circle dot) are empirically determined for IRS 63 and Elias 29, respectively. The disk+envelope systems are modelled with the axisymmetric radiative-transfer code RADMC, yielding disk and envelope masses that differ from the empirical results by factors of a few. HCO(+) J = 3 - 2 is detected toward both sources, HCN J = 3 - 2 is not. The HCO+ position-velocity diagrams are indicative of Keplerian rotation and allow an estimate of the mass of the central stars. For a fiducial inclination of 30 degrees, we find stellar masses of 0.37 +/- 0.13 for IRS 63 and 2.5 +/- 0.6 M(circle dot) for Elias 29. Conclusions. The sensitivity and spatial resolution of the SMA at 1.1 mm allow a good separation of the disks around Class I YSOs from their circumstellar envelopes and environments, and the spectral resolution makes it possible to resolve their dynamical structure and estimate the masses of the central stars. The ratios of the envelope and disk masses M(env)/M(disk) are found to be 0.2 for IRS 63 and 6 for Elias 29. This is lower than the values for Class 0 sources, which have Menv/Mdisk = 10, suggesting that this ratio is a tracer of the evolutionary stage of a YSO. C1 [Lommen, D.; van Dishoeck, E. F.; Crapsi, A.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Jorgensen, J. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jorgensen, J. K.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Crapsi, A.] Observ Astron Nacl IGN, Madrid 28014, Spain. RP Lommen, D (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM dave@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 481 IS 1 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20077543 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277EJ UT WOS:000254195200030 ER PT J AU Beuther, H Walsh, AJ Thorwirth, S Zhang, Q Hunter, TR Megeath, ST Menten, KM AF Beuther, H. Walsh, A. J. Thorwirth, S. Zhang, Q. Hunter, T. R. Megeath, S. T. Menten, K. M. TI ATCA 3mm observations of NGC6334I and I(N): dense cores, outflows, and an UCHII region SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE techniques : interferometric; stars : early type; stars : formation; ISM : individual objects : NGC6334I and I(N) line : profiles ID H-II REGIONS; NGC 6334 I; STAR-FORMATION; HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; BIPOLAR OUTFLOWS; METHANOL MASERS; METHYL CYANIDE; JET-DRIVEN; HOT CORES; NGC-6334 AB Aims. We investigate the dense gas, the outflows, and the continuum emission from the massive twin cores NGC6334I and I(N) at high spatial resolution. Methods. We imaged the region with the Australia Telescope Compact Array ( ATCA) at 3.4mm wavelength in continuum, as well as CH3CN(5(K)-4(K)) and HCN(1-0) spectral line emission. Results. While the continuum emission in NGC6334I mainly traces the UCHII region, toward NGC 6334I(N) we detect continuum emission from four of the previously identified dust continuum condensations that are of protostellar or pre-stellar nature. The CH3CN(5K-4K) lines are detected in all K-components up to energies of 128 K aboveground toward two protostellar condensations in both regions. We find line width increasing with increasing K for all sources, which indicates a higher degree of internal motions of the hotter gas probed by these high K-transitions. Toward the main mm and CH3CN source in NGC6334I, we identify a velocity gradient approximately perpendicular to the large-scale molecular outflow. This may be interpreted as a signature of an accretion disk, although other scenarios, e. g., an unresolved double source, could produce a similar signature. No comparable signature is found toward any of the other sources. HCN does not trace the dense gas well in this region but it is dominated by the molecular outflows. While the outflow in NGC6334I exhibits a normal Hubble-law like velocity structure, the data are consistent with a precessing outflow close to the plane of the sky for NGC6334I( N). Furthermore, we observe a wide (similar to 15.4 km s(-1)) HCN absorption line, much broader than the previously observed CH3OH and NH3 absorption lines. Several explanations for the difference are discussed. The fits-files of the 3.4mm continuum images and of the HCN( 1-0) and CH3CN( 5K-4K) data-cubes are available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat? J/481/169 C1 [Beuther, H.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Walsh, A. J.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Astron, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Thorwirth, S.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Zhang, Q.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hunter, T. R.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Megeath, S. T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Ritter Observ, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Beuther, H (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. EM beuther@mpia.de; Andrew.Walsh@jcu.edu.au; sthorwirth@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de; qzhang@cfa.harvard.edu; thunter@nrao.edu; megeath@astro1.panet.utoledo.edu; kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Thorwirth, Sven/C-6217-2011; Walsh, Andrew/B-5627-2013; OI Thorwirth, Sven/0000-0001-8200-6710; Walsh, Andrew/0000-0001-9506-0855; Hunter, Todd/0000-0001-6492-0090; Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 481 IS 1 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079014 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 277EJ UT WOS:000254195200033 ER PT J AU Bouvier, J Kendall, T Meeus, G Testi, L Moraux, E Stauffer, JR James, D Cuillandre, JC Irwin, J McCaughrean, MJ Baraffe, I Bertin, E AF Bouvier, J. Kendall, T. Meeus, G. Testi, L. Moraux, E. Stauffer, J. R. James, D. Cuillandre, J. -C. Irwin, J. McCaughrean, M. J. Baraffe, I. Bertin, E. TI Brown dwarfs and very low mass stars in the Hyades cluster: a dynamically evolved mass function SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars : luminosity function; mass function; Galaxy : open clusters and associations : individual : Hyades (Melotte 25); stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs ID YOUNG OPEN CLUSTERS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; PLEIADES CLUSTER; PROPER MOTIONS; STANDARD STARS; T-DWARF; STELLAR; PHOTOMETRY; MEMBERS AB Aims: We conducted a search for brown dwarfs (BDs) and very low mass (VLM) stars in the 625 Myr-old Hyades cluster in order to derive the cluster's mass function across the stellar-substellar boundary. Methods. We performed a deep (I = 23, z = 22.5) photometric survey over 16 deg(2) around the cluster center and followed up with K-band photometry to measure the proper motion of candidate members and with optical and near-IR spectroscopy of probable BD and VLM members. Results. We report the discovery of the first 2 BDs in the Hyades cluster. The 2 objects have a spectral type early-T and their optical and near-IR photometry as well as their proper motion are consistent with them being cluster members. According to models, their mass is 50 Jupiter masses at an age of 625 Myr. We also report the discovery of 3 new very low mass stellar members of the cluster and confirm the membership of 16 others. We combine these results with a list of previously known cluster members to build the present-day mass function (PDMF) of the Hyades cluster from 50 Jupiter masses to 3 M-circle dot. We find the Hyades PDMF to be strongly deficient in very low mass objects and BDs compared to the IMF of younger open clusters such as the Pleiades. We interpret this deficiency as the result of dynamical evolution over the past few 100 Myr, i.e., the preferential evaporation of low mass cluster members due to weak gravitational encounters. Conclusions. We thus estimate that the Hyades cluster currently hosts about 10-15 BDs, while its initial substellar population may have amounted to up to 150-200 members. C1 [Bouvier, J.; Moraux, E.] Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Kendall, T.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Meeus, G.] Inst Astrophys, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Testi, L.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Testi, L.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Stauffer, J. R.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [James, D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Cuillandre, J. -C.] Canada France Hawaii Telescope Corp, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Irwin, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McCaughrean, M. J.] Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Baraffe, I.] Ecole Normale Super Lyon, CRAL, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Bertin, E.] Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Bouvier, J (reprint author), Observ Grenoble, Astrophys Lab, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM jbouvier@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr NR 73 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 481 IS 3 BP 661 EP U31 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079303 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CF UT WOS:000254754200012 ER PT J AU Pagano, P Raymond, JC Reale, F Orlando, S AF Pagano, P. Raymond, J. C. Reale, F. Orlando, S. TI Modeling magnetohydrodynamics and non-equilibrium SoHO/UVCS line emission of CME shocks SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Sun : corona ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; NONRADIATIVE SHOCK; SOLAR CORONA; CYGNUS LOOP; CLOUDS; DRIVEN; WAVE; IONIZATION AB Aims. We provide a guideline to interpret the UltraViolet Coronograph Spectrometer (UVCS) emission lines (in particular OVI and Si XII) during shock wave propagation in the outer solar corona. Methods. We use a numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model performing a set of simulations of shock waves generated in the corona and from the result we compute the plasma emission for the O VI and SiXII, including the effects of Non Equilibrium Ionization (NEI). We analyze the radiative and spectral properties of our model with the support of a detailed radiation model, including Doppler dimming and an analytical model for shocks, and, finally, we synthesize the expected O VI 1032 angstrom line profile. Results. We explain several spectral features of the observations like the absence of discontinuities in the O VI emission during the shock passage, the brightening of SiXII emission, and the width of the lines. We also use our model to give very simple and general predictions for the strength of the line wings due to the ions shock heating and on the line shape for Limb Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) or Halo CMEs. Conclusions. The emission coming from the post-shock region in the solar corona roughly agrees with the emission from a simple planar and adiabatic shock, but the effect of thermal conduction and the magnetic field may be important depending on the event parameters. Doppler dimming significantly influences the OVI emission while Si XII line brightens mainly because of the shock compression. Significant shock heating is responsible for the wide and faint component of the OVI line usually observed, which may be taken as a shock signature in the solar corona. C1 [Pagano, P.; Reale, F.] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis Astron Sezione Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Pagano, P.; Raymond, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pagano, P.; Reale, F.; Orlando, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Palermo, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. RP Pagano, P (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis Astron Sezione Astron, Piazza Parlamento 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. EM pagano@astropa.unipa.it OI Orlando, Salvatore/0000-0003-2836-540X; Reale, Fabio/0000-0002-1820-4824 NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 481 IS 3 BP 835 EP 844 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079088 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 285CF UT WOS:000254754200030 ER PT J AU Fohlmeister, J Kochanek, CS Falco, EE Morgan, CW Wambsganss, J AF Fohlmeister, J. Kochanek, C. S. Falco, E. E. Morgan, C. W. Wambsganss, J. TI The rewards of patience: An 822 day time delay in the gravitational lens SDSS J1004+4112 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : observations; gravitational lensing; quasars : individual (SDSS J1004+4112) ID QUASAR SDSS J1004+4112; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; LINE REGION; SEPARATION; CLUSTER; VARIABILITY; DISCOVERY; RATIOS; IMAGES; MASSES AB We present 107 new epochs of optical monitoring data for the four brightest images of the gravitational lens SDSS J1004+4112 observed between 2006 October and 2007 June. Combining this data with the previously obtained light curves, we determine the time delays between images A, B, and C. We confirm our previous measurement, that B leads A by Delta tau(BA) 40: 6 +/- 1: 8 days, and find that image C leads image A by Delta tau(CA) 821: 6 +/- 2: 1 days. The lower limit on the remaining delay is that image D lags image A by Delta tau(AD) > 1250 days. Based on the microlensing of images A and B, we estimate that the accretion disk size at a rest wavelength of 2300 angstrom is 10(14.8+/- 0.3) cm for a disk inclination of cos i = 1/2, which is consistent with the microlensing disk size-lack hole mass correlation function given our estimate of the black hole mass from the Mg II line width of log M-BH/M-circle dot 8.4 +/- 0.2. The long delays allow us to fill in the seasonal gaps and assemble a continuous, densely sampled light curve spanning 5.7 yr whose variability implies a structure function with a logarithmic slope of beta = 0.52 +/- 0.02. As C is the leading image, sharp features in the C light curve can be intensively studied 2.3 yr later in the A/B pair, potentially allowing detailed reverberation mapping studies of a quasar at minimal cost. C1 [Fohlmeister, J.; Wambsganss, J.] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rechen Inst, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, C. W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, C. W.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Morgan, C. W.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fohlmeister, J (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rechen Inst, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP 761 EP 766 DI 10.1086/528789 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281WW UT WOS:000254530600002 ER PT J AU Tommasin, S Spinoglio, L Malkan, MA Smith, H Gonzalez-Alfonso, E Charmandaris, V AF Tommasin, Silvia Spinoglio, Luigi Malkan, Matthew A. Smith, Howard Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo Charmandaris, Vassilis TI Spitzer irs high-resolution spectroscopy of the 12 mu m Seyfert galaxies. I. First results SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; WARM MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; EXTENDED 12-MU-M SAMPLE; OBSCURING DUST TORI; SPACE-TELESCOPE; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; STARBURST GALAXIES; RADIO OBSERVATIONS AB The first high-resolution Spitzer IRS 9-37 mu m spectra of 29 Seyfert galaxies of the 12 mu m Active Galaxy Sample are presented. The spectroscopy was obtained with off-source observations, allowing excellent background subtraction and thus accurate measurements of continuum levels and strengths of weak emission lines. Several new combinations of emission-line ratios and line/continuum ratios were identified as effective diagnostics of the strength of the AGN component in these galaxies. The line ratios [Ne V]/[Ne II], [O IV]/[Ne II], already known, but also [Ne III]/[Ne II] and [Ne V]/[Si II] can be used to measure the dominance of the AGN. The equivalent width of the 11.25 mu m PAH feature, like that of the 6.2 mu m PAH feature, already studied, also anticorrelates with the dominance of the AGN. Our measurements indicate that the 11.25 mu m PAH feature has a constant ratio with H-2 S( 1) irrespective of Seyfert type, approximately 10 to 1. The ratio of the 19 mu m fluxes observed with the two spectrometer channels, with aperture areas differing by a factor of 4, measures the source extendedness, giving another estimate of the AGN dominance, which correlates with both the EWs of [Ne II] and PAH emission. Using the rotational transitions of H-2, we estimated temperatures (200-300K) and masses (1-10; 10(6) M-circle dot) for the warm molecular component. Finally, we used the ratios of the doublets of [Ne V] and of [S III] to estimate the gas electron density, which appears to be of the order of n(e) similar to 10(3) - 104 cm(-3) for the highly ionized component and a factor 10 lower for the intermediate-ionization gas. C1 [Tommasin, Silvia; Spinoglio, Luigi] INAF, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Malkan, Matthew A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Astron Div, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Smith, Howard] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gonzalez-Alfonso, Eduardo] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Fis, E-28871 Alcala De Henares, Spain. [Charmandaris, Vassilis] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Greece. RP Tommasin, S (reprint author), INAF, Ist Fis Spazio Interplanetario, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. RI Charmandaris, Vassilis/A-7196-2008 OI Charmandaris, Vassilis/0000-0002-2688-1956 NR 46 TC 48 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP 836 EP 856 DI 10.1086/527290 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281WW UT WOS:000254530600007 ER PT J AU Dwek, E Arendt, RG Bouchet, P Burrows, DN Challis, P Danziger, IJ De Buizer, JM Gehrz, RD Kirshner, RP McCray, R Park, S Polomski, EF Woodward, CE AF Dwek, Eli Arendt, Richard G. Bouchet, Patrice Burrows, David N. Challis, Peter Danziger, I. John De Buizer, James M. Gehrz, Robert D. Kirshner, Robert P. McCray, Richard Park, Sangwook Polomski, Elisha F. Woodward, Charles E. TI Infrared and X-ray evidence for circumstellar grain destruction by the blast wave of supernova 1987A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dust, extinction; infrared : general; ISM : individual (SNR 1987A); supernova remnants; X-rays : general ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; SN 1987A; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; REMNANT 1987A; DUST; EMISSION; SN-1987A; SPECTROGRAPH; ENVIRONMENT AB Multiwavelength observations of supernova remnant 1987A show that its morphology and luminosity are rapidly changing at X-ray, optical, infrared (IR), and radio wavelengths as the blast wave from the explosion expands into the circumstellar equatorial ring, produced by mass loss from the progenitor star. The observed IR radiation arises from the interaction of dust grains that formed in mass outflow with the soft X-ray-emitting plasma component of the shocked gas. Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra at 5-30 mu m taken on day 6190 since the explosion show that the emission arises from similar to 1.1 x 10(-6) M-circle dot of silicate grains radiating at a temperature of similar to 180(-15)(+20) K. Subsequent observations on day 7137 show that the IR flux had increased by a factor of 2 while maintaining an almost identical spectral shape. The observed IR-to-X-ray flux ratio (IRX) is consistent with that of a dusty plasma with standard Large Magellanic Cloud dust abundances. IRX has decreased by a factor of similar to 2 between days 6190 and 7137, providing the first direct observation of the ongoing destruction of dust in an expanding supernova blast wave on dynamic timescales. Detailed models consistent with the observed dust temperature, the ionization timescale of the soft X-ray emission component, and the evolution of IRX suggest that the radiating silicate grains are immersed in a 3.5 x 10(6) K plasma with a density of (0.3-1) x 10(4) cm(-3) and have a size distribution that is confined to a narrow range of radii between 0.023 and 0.22 mu m. Smaller grains may have been evaporated by the initial UV flash from the supernova. C1 [Dwek, Eli] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Arendt, Richard G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SSAI, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Bouchet, Patrice] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Burrows, David N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Challis, Peter; Kirshner, Robert P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Danziger, I. John] Osserv Astron Trieste, I-34131 Trieste, Italy. [De Buizer, James M.] So Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, La Serena, Chile. [Gehrz, Robert D.; Polomski, Elisha F.; Woodward, Charles E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [McCray, Richard] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dwek, E (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Observ Cosmol Lab, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM eli.dwek@nasa.gov; Patrice.Bouchet@cea.fr RI Dwek, Eli/C-3995-2012; OI Arendt, Richard/0000-0001-8403-8548 NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP 1029 EP 1039 DI 10.1086/529038 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281WW UT WOS:000254530600020 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Seward, FD Sun, M Li, JT AF Chen, Yang Seward, Frederick D. Sun, Ming Li, Jiang-Tao TI The thermal composite supernova remnant Kesteven 27 as viewed by Chandra: Shock reflection from a cavity wall SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (Kesteven 27=G327.4+0.4); radiation mechanisms : thermal; shock waves; supernova remnants; X-rays : ISM ID FORMED DENSE SHELL; X-RAY-EMISSION; MODELING W44; HOT INTERIOR; EVOLUTION; CASSIOPEIA; CONDUCTION; GRADIENT; BUBBLES; NEBULA AB We present a spatially resolved spectroscopic study of the thermal composite supernova remnant Kes 27 with Chandra. The X-ray spectrum of Kes 27 is characterized by K lines from Mg, Si, S, Ar, and Ca. The X-ray-emitting gas is found to be enriched in sulfur and calcium. The broadband and tricolor images show two incomplete shell-like features in the northeastern half and brightness fading with increasing radius to the southwest. There are over 30 unresolved sources within the remnant. None shows characteristics typical of a young neutron star. The maximum diffuse X-ray intensity coincides with a radio-bright region along the eastern border. In general, gas in the inner region is at higher temperature, and the emission is brighter, than that in the outer region. The gas in the remnant appears to be near ionization equilibrium. The overall morphology can be explained by the evolution of the remnant in an ambient medium with a density enhancement from west to east. We suggest that the remnant was born in a preexisting cavity and that the bright inner emission is due to the reflection of the initial shock from the dense cavity wall. This scenario may provide a new candidate mechanism to explain the X-ray morphology of other thermal composite supernova remnants. C1 [Chen, Yang; Li, Jiang-Tao] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Seward, Frederick D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sun, Ming] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. OI Li, Jiang-Tao/0000-0001-6239-3821 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP 1040 EP 1049 DI 10.1086/525240 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281WW UT WOS:000254530600021 ER PT J AU Brunken, S Muller, HSP Menten, KM McCarthy, MC Thaddeus, P AF Bruenken, S. Mueller, H. S. P. Menten, K. M. McCarthy, M. C. Thaddeus, P. TI The rotational spectrum of TiO(2) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : molecules; line : identification; molecular data; radio lines : general; stars : AGB and post-AGB ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; VY-CANIS MAJORIS; MOLECULAR-SPECTROSCOPY; COLOGNE DATABASE; METAL-OXIDES; TITANIUM; INTERSTELLAR; SAGITTARIUS-B2; ZIRCONIUM; CHLORIDES AB The rotational spectrum of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) has been detected by laser-ablation molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Thirteen b-type rotational transitions up to J = 9 and Ka = 4 were measured for the most abundant isotopic species (48)TiO(2) in the frequency range 7-42 GHz with accuracies of 1-10 kHz, allowing for the precise determination of rotational and centrifugal distortion parameters. In addition, eight and six rotational transitions of the rare isotopic species (46)TiO(2) and (50)TiO(2), respectively, have been recorded in the same frequency range. From the derived spectroscopic parameters, rest frequencies of TiO(2) can now be calculated to better than 1 km s(-1) in equivalent radial velocity up to fairly high J and K(a) at millimeter wavelengths, enabling radioastronomical searches for this stable, highly polar transition metal dioxide in space. Preliminary results of two searches for TiO(2) in space are presented. C1 [Bruenken, S.; McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bruenken, S.; McCarthy, M. C.; Thaddeus, P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mueller, H. S. P.] Univ Cologne, Inst Phys, D-50937 Cologne, Germany. [Mueller, H. S. P.; Menten, K. M.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. RP Brunken, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sbruenken@cfa.harvard.edu; hspm@ph1uni-koeln.de; kmenten@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de RI Brunken, Sandra/B-1880-2010; OI Brunken, Sandra/0000-0001-7175-4828; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008; Mueller, Holger/0000-0002-0183-8927 NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP 1367 EP 1371 DI 10.1086/528934 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281WW UT WOS:000254530600051 ER PT J AU Butt, YM Schneider, N Dame, TM Brunt, C AF Butt, Yousaf M. Schneider, Nicola Dame, T. M. Brunt, Christopher TI The molecular environment of the gamma-ray source TeV J2032+4130 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; gamma rays : observations; molecular data open; clusters and associations : individual (Cygnus OB2); supernova remnants ID SOURCE TEV-J2032+4130; CYGNUS OB2; MILKY-WAY; FOLLOW-UP; FIELD; REGION; WESTERLUND-2; CLUSTER; HEGRA AB The mysterious very high energy gamma-ray source, TeV J2032 +/- 4130, is coincident with the powerful Cygnus OB2 stellar association, although a physical association between the two remains uncertain. It is possible that the detected very high energy photons are produced via an overdensity of locally accelerated cosmic rays impinging on molecular clouds in the source region. In order to test this hypothesis, we used the Kitt Peak 12 m, the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope (HH-SMT), and the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory (FCRAO) to obtain observations in the and lines of both (CO)-C-12 and (CO)-C-13. We report here J = 1 -> 0 and J = 2 -> 1 on the detection of significant molecular material toward the TeV source region which could be acting as the target of locally accelerated CRs. We also find evidence of compact molecular clumps, showing large line widths in the CO spectra, possibly indicative of energetic processes in this region of Cygnus OB2. C1 [Butt, Yousaf M.; Dame, T. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schneider, Nicola] CNRS, Lab AIM, DAPNIA SAp CEA DSM, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Brunt, Christopher] Univ Exeter, Sch Phys, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. RP Butt, YM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 2 BP L123 EP L126 DI 10.1086/587513 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZK UT WOS:000255235900008 ER PT J AU Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Prieto, CA Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bailer-Jones, CAL Baldry, IK Barentine, JC Bassett, BA Becker, AC Beers, TC Bell, EF Berlind, AA Bernardi, M Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brinchmann, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carliles, S Carr, MA Castander, FJ Cinabro, D Cool, RJ Covey, KR Csabai, I Cunha, CE Davenport, JRA Dilday, B Doi, M Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Fan, XH Finkbeiner, DP Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gansicke, BT Gates, E Gillespie, B Glazebrook, K Gray, J Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gurbani, VK Hall, PB Harding, P Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, J Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hindsley, RB Hirata, CM Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Hyde, JB Ichikawa, S Ivezic, Z Jester, S Johnson, JA Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kessler, R Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kuropatkin, N Lamb, DQ Lampeitl, H Lebedeva, S Lee, YS Leger, RF Lepine, S Lima, M Lin, H Long, DC Loomis, CP Loveday, J Lupton, RH Malanushenko, O Malanushenko, V Mandelbaum, R Margon, B Marriner, JP Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM Mckay, TA Meiksin, A Morrison, HL Munn, JA Nakajima, R Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S Owen, R Oyaizu, H Padmanabhan, N Pan, K Park, C Peoples, J Pier, JR Pope, AC Purger, N Raddick, MJ Fiorentin, PR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Riess, AG Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Sako, M Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Schreiber, MR Schwope, AD Seljak, U Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Sivarani, T Smith, JA Snedden, SA Steinmetz, M Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Suto, Y Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tegmark, M Thakar, AR Tremonti, CA Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vidrih, S Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Wadadekar, Y Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Yanny, B Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zucker, DB AF Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K. Agueros, Marcel A. Allam, Sahar S. Prieto, Carlos Allende Anderson, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Annis, James Bahcall, Neta A. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. Baldry, Ivan K. Barentine, J. C. Bassett, Bruce A. Becker, Andrew C. Beers, Timothy C. Bell, Eric F. Berlind, Andreas A. Bernardi, Mariangela Blanton, Michael R. Bochanski, John J. Boroski, William N. Brinchmann, Jarle Brinkmann, J. Brunner, Robert J. Budavari, Tamas Carliles, Samuel Carr, Michael A. Castander, Francisco J. Cinabro, David Cool, R. J. Covey, Kevin R. Csabai, Istvan Cunha, Carlos E. Davenport, James R. A. Dilday, Ben Doi, Mamoru Eisenstein, Daniel J. Evans, Michael L. Fan, Xiaohui Finkbeiner, Douglas P. Friedman, Scott D. Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Gansicke, Boris T. Gates, Evalyn Gillespie, Bruce Glazebrook, Karl Gray, Jim Grebel, Eva K. Gunn, James E. Gurbani, Vijay K. Hall, Patrick B. Harding, Paul Harvanek, Michael Hawley, Suzanne L. Hayes, Jeffrey Heckman, Timothy M. Hendry, John S. Hindsley, Robert B. Hirata, Christopher M. Hogan, Craig J. Hogg, David W. Hyde, Joseph B. Ichikawa, Shin-ichi Ivezic, Zeljko Jester, Sebastian Johnson, Jennifer A. Jorgensen, Anders M. Juric, Mario Kent, Stephen M. Kessler, R. Kleinman, S. J. Knapp, G. R. Kron, Richard G. Krzesinski, Jurek Kuropatkin, Nikolay Lamb, Donald Q. Lampeitl, Hubert Lebedeva, Svetlana Lee, Young Sun Leger, R. French Lepine, Sebastien Lima, Marcos Lin, Huan Long, Daniel C. Loomis, Craig P. Loveday, Jon Lupton, Robert H. Malanushenko, Olena Malanushenko, Viktor Mandelbaum, Rachel Margon, Bruce Marriner, John P. Martinez-Delgado, David Matsubara, Takahiko McGehee, Peregrine M. McKay, Timothy A. Meiksin, Avery Morrison, Heather L. Munn, Jeffrey A. Nakajima, Reiko Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Newberg, Heidi Jo Nichol, Robert C. Nicinski, Tom Nieto-Santisteban, Maria Nitta, Atsuko Okamura, Sadanori Owen, Russell Oyaizu, Hiroaki Padmanabhan, Nikhil Pan, Kaike Park, Changbom Peoples, John, Jr. Pier, Jeffrey R. Pope, Adrian C. Purger, Norbert Raddick, M. Jordan Fiorentin, Paola Re Richards, Gordon T. Richmond, Michael W. Riess, Adam G. Rix, Hans-Walter Rockosi, Constance M. Sako, Masao Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Schreiber, Matthias R. Schwope, Axel D. Seljak, Uros Sesar, Branimir Sheldon, Erin Shimasaku, Kazu Sivarani, Thirupathi Smith, J. Allyn Snedden, Stephanie A. Steinmetz, Matthias Strauss, Michael A. SubbaRao, Mark Suto, Yasushi Szalay, Alexander S. Szapudi, Istvan Szkody, Paula Tegmark, Max Thakar, Aniruddha R. Tremonti, Christy A. Tucker, Douglas L. Uomoto, Alan Berk, Daniel E. Vanden Vandenberg, Jan Vidrih, S. Vogeley, Michael S. Voges, Wolfgang Vogt, Nicole P. Wadadekar, Yogesh Weinberg, David H. West, Andrew A. White, Simon D. M. Wilhite, Brian C. Yanny, Brian Yocum, D. R. York, Donald G. Zehavi, Idit Zucker, Daniel B. TI The Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; SURVEY PHOTOMETRIC SYSTEM; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH STARS; SURVEY IMAGING DATA; 1ST DATA RELEASE; WHITE-DWARFS; STELLAR SPECTRA; GALACTIC HALO; SAMPLE SELECTION AB This paper describes the Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. With this data release, the imaging of the northern Galactic cap is now complete. The survey contains images and parameters of roughly 287 million objects over 9583 deg(2), including scans over a large range of Galactic latitudes and longitudes. The survey also includes 1.27 million spectra of stars, galaxies, quasars, and blank sky ( for sky subtraction) selected over 7425 deg2. This release includes much more stellar spectroscopy than was available in previous data releases and also includes detailed estimates of stellar temperatures, gravities, and metallicities. The results of improved photometric calibration are now available, with uncertainties of roughly 1% in g, r, i, and z, and 2% in u, substantially better than the uncertainties in previous data releases. The spectra in this data release have improved wavelength and flux calibration, especially in the extreme blue and extreme red, leading to the qualitatively better determination of stellar types and radial velocities. The spectrophotometric fluxes are now tied to point-spread function magnitudes of stars rather than fiber magnitudes. This gives more robust results in the presence of seeing variations, but also implies a change in the spectrophotometric scale, which is now brighter by roughly 0.35 mag. Systematic errors in the velocity dispersions of galaxies have been fixed, and the results of two independent codes for determining spectral classifications and red-shifts are made available. Additional spectral outputs are made available, including calibrated spectra from individual 15 minute exposures and the sky spectrum subtracted from each exposure. We also quantify a recently recognized underestimation of the brightnesses of galaxies of large angular extent due to poor sky subtraction; the bias can exceed 0.2 mag for galaxies brighter than r = 14 mag. C1 [Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K.; Allam, Sahar S.; Annis, James; Boroski, William N.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Gurbani, Vijay K.; Hendry, John S.; Kent, Stephen M.; Kron, Richard G.; Kuropatkin, Nikolay; Lebedeva, Svetlana; Leger, R. French; Lin, Huan; Marriner, John P.; Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.; Nicinski, Tom; Peoples, John, Jr.; Tucker, Douglas L.; Yanny, Brian; Yocum, D. R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Agueros, Marcel A.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Allam, Sahar S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende; Barentine, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende; Barentine, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Anderson, Kurt S. J.; Brinkmann, J.; Gillespie, Bruce; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Olena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Pan, Kaike; Snedden, Stephanie A.] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Anderson, Kurt S. J.; Vogt, Nicole P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Anderson, Scott F.; Becker, Andrew C.; Bochanski, John J.; Davenport, James R. A.; Evans, Michael L.; Hogan, Craig J.; Ivezic, Zeljko; Owen, Russell; Sesar, Branimir; Szkody, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bahcall, Neta A.; Carr, Michael A.; Gunn, James E.; Knapp, G. R.; Loomis, Craig P.; Lupton, Robert H.; Strauss, Michael A.; Wadadekar, Yogesh] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Bell, Eric F.; Jester, Sebastian; Fiorentin, Paola Re; Rix, Hans-Walter] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Baldry, Ivan K.; Budavari, Tamas; Carliles, Samuel; Csabai, Istvan; Heckman, Timothy M.; Nieto-Santisteban, Maria; Raddick, M. Jordan; Riess, Adam G.; Szalay, Alexander S.; Thakar, Aniruddha R.; Vandenberg, Jan] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Astrophys Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bassett, Bruce A.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Bassett, Bruce A.] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, CSCE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Beers, Timothy C.; Lee, Young Sun; Sivarani, Thirupathi] Michigan State Univ, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Berlind, Andreas A.; Blanton, Michael R.; Hogg, David W.] New York Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Bernardi, Mariangela; Hyde, Joseph B.; Nakajima, Reiko; Sako, Masao] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Brinchmann, Jarle] Univ Porto, Ctr Astrofis, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. [Brunner, Robert J.; Wilhite, Brian C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Castander, Francisco J.; Cool, R. J.] Inst Ciencies Espai IEEC CSIC, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Cinabro, David] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Fan, Xiaohui; Tremonti, Christy A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Covey, Kevin R.; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Csabai, Istvan; Purger, Norbert] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Phys Complex Syst, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary. [Cunha, Carlos E.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Gates, Evalyn; Kron, Richard G.; Lamb, Donald Q.; Oyaizu, Hiroaki; Sheldon, Erin; SubbaRao, Mark; York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cunha, Carlos E.; Dilday, Ben; Frieman, Joshua A.; Lampeitl, Hubert; Lima, Marcos; Oyaizu, Hiroaki; Sheldon, Erin] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dilday, Ben; Lima, Marcos] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Doi, Mamoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Astron, Grad Sch Sci, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Friedman, Scott D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Fukugita, Masataka] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Gansicke, Boris T.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Glazebrook, Karl] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia. [Gray, Jim] Microsoft Res, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. [Grebel, Eva K.] Univ Basel, Astron Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4102 Binningen, Switzerland. [Grebel, Eva K.] Heidelberg Univ, Astron Rech Inst, Zentrum Astron, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Gurbani, Vijay K.] Alcatel Lucent, Bell Labs, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. [Hall, Patrick B.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Harding, Paul; Morrison, Heather L.; Zehavi, Idit] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Harvanek, Michael] Lowell Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Hayes, Jeffrey] Catholic Univ Amer, Inst Astron & Computat Sci, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Hindsley, Robert B.] USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Hirata, Christopher M.; Juric, Mario; Mandelbaum, Rachel] Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ichikawa, Shin-ichi] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Johnson, Jennifer A.; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Jorgensen, Anders M.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Kessler, R.; Lamb, Donald Q.; York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kleinman, S. J.; Nitta, Atsuko] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Krzesinski, Jurek] Akad Pedagogiczna & Krakowie, Obserwatorium Astron Suhorze, PL-30084 Krakow, Poland. [Lepine, Sebastien] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Astrophys, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Loveday, Jon] Univ Sussex, Ctr Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. [Margon, Bruce] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Martinez-Delgado, David] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Matsubara, Takahiko] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [McGehee, Peregrine M.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [McKay, Timothy A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Meiksin, Avery] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, SUPA, Royal Observ, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Munn, Jeffrey A.; Pier, Jeffrey R.] USN Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Newberg, Heidi Jo] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.] Univ Portsmouth, ICG, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. [Nicinski, Tom] CMC Elect Aurora, Sugar Grove, IL 60554 USA. [Okamura, Sadanori; Shimasaku, Kazu] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron & Res Ctr Early Universe, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Padmanabhan, Nikhil; Schlegel, David J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Changbom] Korea Inst Adv Study, Seoul 130722, South Korea. [Pope, Adrian C.; Szapudi, Istvan] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Richards, Gordon T.; Vogeley, Michael S.] Drexel Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Richmond, Michael W.] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Rockosi, Constance M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sako, Masao] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Schneider, Donald P.; Berk, Daniel E. Vanden] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schreiber, Matthias R.] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Fis & Astron, Valparaiso, Chile. [Schwope, Axel D.; Steinmetz, Matthias] Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Seljak, Uros] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37040 USA. [SubbaRao, Mark] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Suto, Yasushi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Suto, Yasushi] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Res Ctr Early Universe, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Tegmark, Max] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Uomoto, Alan] Carnegie Inst Washington Observ, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Vidrih, S.; Zucker, Daniel B.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Voges, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [West, Andrew A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [White, Simon D. M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Wilhite, Brian C.] Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Adelman-McCarthy, JK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Lima, Marcos/E-8378-2010; Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014; Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015; Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; OI Re Fiorentin, Paola/0000-0002-4995-0475; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Covey, Kevin/0000-0001-6914-7797; Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873; Baldry, Ivan/0000-0003-0719-9385; Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797; Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 NR 86 TC 1001 Z9 1009 U1 4 U2 70 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2 BP 297 EP 313 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327WN UT WOS:000257759300001 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Hernquist, L Cox, TJ Keres, D AF Hopkins, Philip F. Hernquist, Lars Cox, Thomas J. Keres, Dusan TI A cosmological framework for the co-evolution of quasars, supermassive black holes, and elliptical galaxies. I. Galaxy mergers and quasar activity SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DARK-MATTER HALOES; PHOTOMETRICALLY CLASSIFIED QUASARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; QSO REDSHIFT SURVEY AB We develop a model for the cosmological role of mergers in the evolution of starbursts, quasars, and spheroidal galaxies. By combining theoretically well-constrained halo and subhalo mass functions as a function of redshift and environment with empirical halo occupation models, we can estimate where galaxies of given properties live at a particular epoch. This allows us to calculate, in an a priori cosmological manner, where major galaxy-galaxy mergers occur and what kinds of galaxies merge, at all redshifts. We compare this with the observed mass functions, clustering, fractions as a function of halo and galaxy mass, and small-scale environments of mergers, and we show that this approach yields robust estimates in good agreement with observations and can be extended to predict detailed properties of mergers. Making the simple Ansatz that major, gas-rich mergers cause quasar activity (but not strictly assuming they are the only triggering mechanism), we demonstrate that this model naturally reproduces the observed rise and fall of the quasar luminosity density at z = 0-6, as well as quasar luminosity functions, fractions, host galaxy colors, and clustering as a function of redshift and luminosity. The recent observed excess of quasar clustering on small scales at z similar to 0.2-2.5 is a natural prediction of our model, as mergers will preferentially occur in regions with excess small-scale galaxy overdensities. In fact, we demonstrate that quasar environments at all observed redshifts correspond closely to the empirically determined small group scale, where major mergers of similar to L-* gas-rich galaxies will be most efficient. We contrast this with a secular model in which quasar activity is driven by bars or other disk instabilities, and we show that, while these modes of fueling probably dominate the high Eddington ratio population at Seyfert luminosities (significant at z 0), the constraints from quasar clustering, observed pseudobulge populations, and disk mass functions suggest that they are a small contributor to the z greater than or similar to 1 quasar luminosity density, which is dominated by massive BHs in predominantly classical spheroids formed in mergers. Similarly, low-luminosity Seyferts do not show a clustering excess on small scales, in agreement with the natural prediction of secular models, but bright quasars at all redshifts do so. We also compare recent observations of the colors of quasar host galaxies and show that these correspond to the colors of recent merger remnants, in the transition region between the blue cloud and the red sequence, and are distinct from the colors of systems with observed bars or strong disk instabilities. Even the most extreme secular models, in which all bulge (and therefore BH) formation proceeds via disk instability, are forced to assume that this instability acts before the (dynamically inevitable) mergers, and therefore predict a history for the quasar luminosity density that is shifted to earlier times, in disagreement with observations. Our model provides a powerful means to predict the abundance and nature of mergers and to contrast cosmologically motivated predictions of merger products such as starbursts and active galactic nuclei. C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.; Hernquist, Lars; Cox, Thomas J.; Keres, Dusan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 317 TC 547 Z9 546 U1 3 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2 BP 356 EP 389 DI 10.1086/524362 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327WN UT WOS:000257759300003 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Cox, TJ Keres, D Hernquist, L AF Hopkins, Philip F. Cox, Thomas J. Keres, Dusan Hernquist, Lars TI A cosmological framework for the co-evolution of quasars, supermassive black holes, and elliptical galaxies. II. Formation of red ellipticals SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; quasars : general ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK; ABSORPTION-LINE QUASARS; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; DYNAMICALLY HOT GALAXIES; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS AB We develop and test a model for the cosmological role of mergers in the formation and quenching of red, early-type galaxies. By combining theoretically well-constrained halo and subhalo mass functions as a function of redshift and environment with empirical halo occupation models, we predict the distribution of mergers as a function of redshift, environment, and physical galaxy properties. Making the simple Ansatz that star formation is quenched after a gas-rich, spheroid-forming major merger, we demonstrate that this naturally predicts the turnover in the efficiency of star formation and baryon fractions in galaxies at similar to L-* (without any parameters tuned to this value), as well as the observed mass functions and mass density of red galaxies as a function of redshift, the formation times of early-type galaxies as a function of mass, and the fraction of quenched galaxies as a function of galaxy and halo mass, environment, and redshift. Comparing our model to a variety of semianalytic models in which quenching is primarily driven by halo mass considerations or secular/disk instabilities, we demonstrate that our model makes unique and robust qualitative predictions for a number of observables, including the bivariate red fraction as a function of galaxy and halo mass, the density of passive galaxies at high redshifts, the emergence/evolution of the color-morphology-density relations at high redshift, and the fraction of disky/boxy (or cusp/core) spheroids as a function of mass. In each case, the observations favor a model in which some mechanism quenches future star formation after a major merger builds a massive spheroid. Models where quenching is dominated by a halo mass threshold fail to match the behavior of the bivariate red fractions, predict too low a density of passive galaxies at high redshift, and overpredict by an order of magnitude the mass of the transition from disky to boxy ellipticals. Models driven by secular disk instabilities also qualitatively disagree with the bivariate red fractions, fail to predict the observed evolution in the color-density relations, and predict order-of-magnitude incorrect distributions of kinematic types in early-type galaxies. We make specific predictions for how future observations, for example, quantifying the red fraction as a function of galaxy mass, halo mass, environment, or redshift, can break the degeneracies between a number of different assumptions adopted in present galaxy formation models. We discuss a variety of physical possibilities for this quenching and propose a mixed scenario in which traditional quenching in hot, quasi-static massive halos is supplemented by the strong shocks and feedback energy input associated with a major merger (e. g., tidal shocks, starburst-driven winds, and quasar feedback), which temporarily suppress cooling and establish the conditions of a dynamically hot halo in the central regions of the host, even in low-mass halos (below the traditional threshold for accretion shocks). C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.; Cox, Thomas J.; Keres, Dusan; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 253 TC 217 Z9 218 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2 BP 390 EP 422 DI 10.1086/524363 PG 33 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327WN UT WOS:000257759300004 ER PT J AU Ercolano, B Young, PR Drake, JJ Raymond, JC AF Ercolano, Barbara Young, Peter R. Drake, Jeremy J. Raymond, John C. TI X-ray enabled MOCASSIN: A three-dimensional code for photoionized media SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE plasmas; radiative transfer ID FINITE-DENSITY PLASMAS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION DATA; ELECTRON-ION RECOMBINATION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; ASTROPHYSICALLY ABUNDANT ELEMENTS; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; EMISSION-LINES; ATOMIC DATABASE AB We present a new version of the fully three-dimensional photoionization and dust radiative transfer code, MOCASSIN, that uses a Monte Carlo approach for the transfer of radiation. The X-ray enabled MOCASSIN allows a fully geometry-independent description of low-density gaseous environments strongly photoionized by a radiation field extending from radio to gamma rays. The code has been thoroughly benchmarked against other established codes routinely used in the literature, using simple plane-parallel models designed to test performance under standard conditions. We show the results of our benchmarking exercise and discuss the applicability and limitations of the new code, which should be of guidance for future astrophysical studies with MOCASSIN. C1 [Ercolano, Barbara; Drake, Jeremy J.; Raymond, John C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Young, Peter R.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Ercolano, B (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS-67,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 64 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2 BP 534 EP 542 DI 10.1086/524378 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 327WN UT WOS:000257759300010 ER PT J AU Ricklefs, RE Bermingham, E AF Ricklefs, Robert E. Bermingham, Eldredge TI Likely human introduction of the Red-Legged Thrush (Turdus plumbeus) to Dominica, West Indies SO AUK LA English DT Article DE biogeography; Dominica; extinction; introduced species; island; Red-Legged Thrush; Turdus plumbeus; West Indies ID AVIFAUNA; DIFFERENTIATION; DIVERGENCE; BIRDS AB Recent avian colonists to the West Indies have expanded their ranges through the archipelago in stepping-stone fashion, occupying virtually all of the available islands with suitable habitat. Consequently, gaps in the distributions of colonists can be interpreted as extinction events. One exception to this pattern is the weakly differentiated population of the Red-legged Thrush (Turdus plumbeus) on Dominica, removed by 600 km and many suitable islands from the nearest conspecific population. Mitochondrial DNA sequences show that the Dominican population is practically indistinguishable genetically from that of Puerto Rico. Large genetic distances among other adjacent island populations emphasize the recent derivation of the Dominican population from Puerto Rico, likely the result of human introduction. C1 [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Bermingham, Eldredge] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Ricklefs, RE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, 8001 Nat Bridge Rd, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM ricklefs@umsl.edu NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06059 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800006 ER PT J AU Lerner, HRL Klaver, MC Mindell, DP AF Lerner, Heather R. L. Klaver, Matthew C. Mindell, David P. TI Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae) SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Accipitridae; avian systematics; beta-fibrinogen intron 7; Buteoninae; mitochondrial DNA; molecular evolution; phylogenetics ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SEQUENCES; VULTURES; NUCLEAR; MODEL; AVES AB Phylogenetic relationships among birds of prey in the subfamily Buteoninae are not fully established but are of particular interest because the Buteoninae constitute one of the largest accipitrid subgroups and include multiple species of conservation concern. Genera previously included within the Buteoninae are Buteo, Leucopternis, Buteogallus, Harpyhaliaetus, Busarellus, Parabuteo, Geranoaetus, Geranospiza, Ictinia, Rostrhamus, Kaupifalco, and Butastur. We analyzed representatives from all buteonine genera and most non-Buteo (i.e., "sub-buteo") species with > 3,000 bases of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and found non-monophyly for the nominal genera Buteo, Buteogallus, and Leucopternis. The Old World Lizard Buzzard (Kaupifalco monogrammicus) is not closely related to buteonine taxa but is sister to goshawks in the genera Melierax, Micronisus, and Urotriorchis. Another Old World genus, Butastur, is sister to the clade including all other buteonine genera mentioned above. Investigation of several "superspecies" complexes within the genus Leucopternis revealed non-monophyly for the four subspecies of White Hawk (L. albicollis). On the basis of mitochondrial data, L. a. albicollis forms a clade with L. polionotus, whereas L. a. costaricensis, L. a. ghiesbreghti, and L. a. williaminae form a clade with L. occidentalis. Among taxa included as outgroups, we found two species in the genus Circus to be clearly nested within a clade of Accipiter spp. C1 [Lerner, Heather R. L.] Univ Michigan, Museum Zool, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lerner, HRL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Genet Lab, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. EM lernerh@si.edu NR 51 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 304 EP 315 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06161 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800007 ER PT J AU Salgado-Ortiz, J Marra, PP Sillett, TS Robertson, RJ AF Salgado-Ortiz, Javier Marra, Peter P. Sillett, T. Scott Robertson, Raleigh J. TI Breeding ecology of the Mangrove Warbler (Dendroica petechia bryanti) and comparative life history of the Yellow Warbler subspecies complex SO AUK LA English DT Article DE breeding ecology; cost of migration; Dendroica petechia; latitudinal variation; life history; Mangrove Warbler; Yellow Warbler ID SEDENTARY TROPICAL PASSERINE; SURVIVAL RATES; INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; COWBIRD PARASITISM; TEMPERATE FORESTS; NESTING SUCCESS; DUSKY ANTBIRD; PARENTAL CARE; ANNUAL CYCLE AB It is widely accepted that tropical birds differ from temperate species in life-history traits and social behaviors, yet baseline ecological data are lacking for most tropical species and comparative studies often fail to control for phylogenetic influences. Within the Americas, the Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) is ideal for such comparisons because its subspecies encompass a range of life-history strategies; the subspecies include long-distance migrants, temperate-tropical migrants, and tropical residents. We collected baseline data on the breeding ecology of Mangrove Warblers (D. p. bryanti) from southern Mexico (2001-2003) and compared their life-history traits with those of temperate and other tropical subspecies using existing data. Mangrove Warblers actively defended territories year-round during both nonbreeding and breeding seasons. The timing of breeding varied by year, and clutch size averaged 2.9 +/- 0.5 [SD] eggs, with both a median and a mode of 3 eggs. Annual estimates of nesting success ranged from 18% to 33%, and nest depredation was the primary cause of nest failure. Annual survival was significantly higher for males (0.65) than for females (0.52) and, given our data, did not vary by age or year. On the basis of a comparative analysis of life-history data from published studies on the Yellow Warbler subspecies complex, we found that most life-history traits differed between tropical and temperate latitudes. Specifically, compared with temperate Yellow Warblers, Mangrove Warblers exhibited longer breeding seasons, smaller clutch sizes, longer incubation and nestling periods, lower nesting success, higher rates of nest depredation, and higher annual adult survival rates. C1 [Salgado-Ortiz, Javier; Robertson, Raleigh J.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Marra, Peter P.; Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20012 USA. RP Salgado-Ortiz, J (reprint author), Univ Michoacana, Fac Biol, Lab Ornitol, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. EM javo-salgado@yahoo.com.mx NR 66 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 402 EP 410 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07012 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800018 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. TI Can carbon trading save vanishing forests? SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 4 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 4 BP 286 EP 287 DI 10.1641/B580402 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 288JS UT WOS:000254983300004 ER PT J AU Venzke, E Sennert, SK Wunderman, R AF Venzke, Edward Sennert, Sally Kuhn Wunderman, Richard TI Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Network SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Information included in this summary is based on more detailed reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, vol. 32, no. 8, August 2007 (on the Internet at http://www.volcano.si.edu/). Edited by scientists at the Smithsonian, this bulletin includes reports provided by a worldwide network of correspondents. The reports contain the names and contact information for all sources. Please note that these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. The Global Volcanism Program welcomes further reports of current volcanism, seismic unrest, monitoring data, and field observations. C1 [Venzke, Edward; Sennert, Sally Kuhn; Wunderman, Richard] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Venzke, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Global Volcanism Program, MRC 119,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gvp@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 769 EP 770 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0188-4 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 276YA UT WOS:000254178400007 ER PT J AU Venzke, E Sennert, SK Wunderman, R AF Venzke, Edward Sennert, Sally Kuhn Wunderman, Richard TI Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Network SO BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Information included in this summary is based on more detailed reports published in the Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, vol. 32, no. 9, September 2007 (on the Internet at http://www.volcano.si.edu/). Edited by scientists at the Smithsonian, this bulletin includes reports provided by a worldwide network of correspondents. The reports contain the names and contact information for all sources. Please note that these reports are preliminary and subject to change as events are studied in more detail. The Global Volcanism Program welcomes further reports of current volcanism, seismic unrest, monitoring data, and field observations. C1 [Venzke, Edward; Sennert, Sally Kuhn; Wunderman, Richard] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Global Volcanism Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Venzke, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Global Volcanism Program, MRC 119,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM gvp@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-8900 J9 B VOLCANOL JI Bull. Volcanol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 70 IS 6 BP 771 EP 772 DI 10.1007/s00445-007-0189-3 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 276YA UT WOS:000254178400008 ER PT J AU Hong, XY Sun, CH Zhao, JH Jiang, DR Shen, ZQ An, T Wang, WH Yang, J AF Hong, Xiao-Yu Sun, Chuan-Hao Zhao, Jun-Hui Jiang, Dong-Rong Shen, Zhi-Qiang An, Tao Wang, Wei-Hua Yang, Jun TI Bending of jets in the QSO NRAO 530 SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : nuclei; galaxies : jets; quasars : individual : NRAO 530 ID EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; VLBI OBSERVATIONS; EQUIPARTITION; HEMISPHERE AB We present radio images of NRAO 530 on scales ranging from pc to kpc. The observations include the EVN at 5 GHz, the VLBA at 1.6, 8.6 and 15 GHz, the MERLIN at 1.6 and 5 GHz, and the VLA at 5, 8.4, 15, 22, and 43 GHz. The VLBI images show a core-jet structure with an oscillating trajectory on a scale of about 30 mas north of the strongest compact component (core). Superluminal motions are detected in five of the jet components with apparent velocities in the range of 13.6 to 25.2c. A new component is detected at 15 GHz with the VLBA observations, which appears to be associated with the outburst in 2002. Significant polarized emission is detected around the core with the VLBA observations at 15 GHz. Rapid variations of the polarization intensity and angle are found between the epochs in 2002 and 2004. On the kpc-scale, a distant component (labelled as WL) located 11 aresec west (PA=-86 degrees) of the core is detected beyond the core-jet structure which extended to several hundreds of mas in the north-west direction (-50 degrees). A significant emission between the core-jet structure and the WL is revealed. A clump of diffuse emission (labelled EL, 12 arcsec long) at PA 70 degrees to the core, is also detected in the VLA observations, suggesting the presence of double lobes in the source. The core component shows a flat spectrum, while the distant components WL and EL have steep spectra. The steep spectra of the distant components and the detection of the arched emission suggest that the distant components are lobes or hot-spots powered by the core of NRAO 530. The morphologies from pc- to kpc-scales and the bending of jets are investigated. The observed radio morphology from pc to kcp appears to favor the model in which precession or wobbling of the nuclear disk drives the helical motion of the radio plasma and produces the S-shaped structure on kpc scale. C1 [Hong, Xiao-Yu; Sun, Chuan-Hao; Jiang, Dong-Rong; Shen, Zhi-Qiang; An, Tao; Wang, Wei-Hua; Yang, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Sun, Chuan-Hao; Yang, Jun] Grad Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Jun-Hui] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hong, XY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Astron Observ, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. EM xhong@shao.ac.cn NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1009-9271 J9 CHINESE J ASTRON AST JI Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 179 EP 194 DI 10.1088/1009-9271/8/2/05 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292JP UT WOS:000255262600005 ER PT J AU Kuntner, M Coddington, JA Hormiga, G AF Kuntner, Matjaz Coddington, Jonathan A. Hormiga, Gustavo TI Phylogeny of extant nephilid orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Nephilidae): testing morphological and ethological homologies SO CLADISTICS LA English DT Review ID WEB-BUILDING SPIDERS; LEUCAUGE-MARIANA ARANEAE; SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM; DWARF MALE SPIDERS; HIGHER CLASSIFICATION; CANNIBALISTIC SPIDER; PLUMIPES ARANEOIDEA; RELATIVES ARANEAE; LINYPHIID SPIDERS; FEMALE GENITALIA AB The Pantropical spider clade Nephilidae is famous for its extreme sexual size dimorphism, for constructing the largest orb-webs known, and for unusual sexual behaviors, which include emasculation and extreme polygamy. We synthesize the available data for the genera Nephila, Nephilengys, Herennia and Clitaetra to produce the first species level phylogeny of the family. We score 231 characters (197 morphological, 34 behavioral) for 61 taxa: 32 of the 37 known nephilid species plus two Phonognatha and one Deliochus species, 10 tetragnathid outgroups, nine araneids, and one genus each of Nesticidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Linyphiidae, Pimoidae, Uloboridae and Deinopidae. Four most parsimonious trees resulted, among which successive weighting preferred one ingroup topology. Neither an analysis of an alternative data set based on different morphological interpretations, nor separate analyses of morphology and behavior are superior to the total evidence analysis, which we therefore propose as the working hypothesis of nephilid relationships, and the basis for classification. Ingroup generic relationships are (Clitaetra (Herennia (Nephila, Nephilengys))). Deliochus and Phonognatha group with Araneidae rather than Nephilidae. Nephilidae is sister to all other araneoids (contra most recent literature). Ethological data, although difficult to obtain and thus frequently missing for rare taxa, are phylogenetically informative. We explore the evolution of selected morphological and behavioral characters, discuss and redefine the homology of palpal sclerites, disprove semientelegyny in spiders, trace the newly interpreted evolution of the orb web, and show that nephilid genital morphologies coevolve with sexual behaviors and extreme sexual size dimorphism. Phylogenetic interpretations of behavior suggest new insights into spider biology and avenues for future research. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2007. C1 [Kuntner, Matjaz; Coddington, Jonathan A.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kuntner, Matjaz; Hormiga, Gustavo] George Washington Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Kuntner, M (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, Novi Trg 2,POB 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM kuntner@gmail.com RI Hormiga, Gustavo/C-3874-2009; OI Coddington, Jonathan A./0000-0001-6004-7730 NR 192 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0748-3007 EI 1096-0031 J9 CLADISTICS JI Cladistics PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 147 EP 217 DI 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00176.x PG 71 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 272TZ UT WOS:000253884200003 ER PT J AU Burch, ES AF Burch, Ernest S., Jr. TI Travelling passions: The hidden life of Vilhjalmur Stefansson SO CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Burch, Ernest S., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Burch, ES (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Arctic Studies Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM esburchjr@aol.com NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0011-3204 J9 CURR ANTHROPOL JI Curr. Anthropol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 348 EP 349 DI 10.1086/524697 PG 3 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 303KQ UT WOS:000256039800021 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Cronin, TM Arbizu, PM AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Cronin, Thomas M. Arbizu, Pedro Martinez TI Abyssal ostracods from the south and equatorial Atlantic Ocean: Biological and paleoceanographic implications SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE modern deep-sea ostracoda; multiple-corer; carbonate compensation depth; lysocline; Southeast and Equatorial Atlantic ID DEEP-SEA OSTRACODES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-MASSES; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; QUATERNARY; PACIFIC; KRITHE; FAUNA AB We report the distribution of ostracods from similar to 5000 m depth from the Southeast and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean recovered from the uppermost 10 cm of minimally disturbed sediments taken by multiple-corer during the R/V Meteor DIVA2 expedition M63.2. Five cores yielded the following major deep-sea genera: Krithe, Henryhowella, Poseidonamicus, Legititnocythere, Pseudobosquetina, and Pennyella. All genera are widely distributed in abyssal depths in the world's oceans and common in Cenozoic deep-sea sediments. The total number of ostracod specimens is higher and ostracod shell preservation is better near the sediment-water interface, especially at the 0-1 cm core depths. Core slices from similar to 5 to 10 cm were barren or yielded a few poorly preserved specimens. The DIVA2 cores show that deep-sea ostracod species inhabit corrosive bottom water near the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) even though their calcareous valves are rarely preserved as fossils in sediment cores due to postmortem dissolution. Their occurrence at great water depths may partially explain the well-known global distributions of major deep-sea taxa in the world's oceans, although further expeditions using minimal-disturbance sampling devices are needed to fill geographic gaps. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Arbizu, Pedro Martinez] Forsch Inst Senckenberg, DZMB, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com; tcronin@usgs.gov; pmartinez@senckenberg.de RI Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008; OI Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863; Martinez-Arbizu, Pedro/0000-0002-0891-1154 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.004 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 299CV UT WOS:000255734300008 ER PT J AU Coomes, OT Grimard, F Potvin, C Sima, P AF Coomes, Oliver T. Grimard, Franque Potvin, Catherin Sima, Philip TI The fate of the tropical forest: Carbon or cattle? SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE clean development mechanism; Kyoto Protocol; carbon sequestration; reducing emissions from deforestation; avoided deforestation; carbon trading; Panama ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; EASTERN PANAMA; PROJECTS; CONSERVATION; LIVELIHOODS; MECHANISM; CLIMATE AB Small-scale afforestation/reforestation projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol will sequester atmospheric carbon and facilitate carbon trading but they face significant implementation challenges among the rural poor households and communities that are meant to adopt and benefit from them. Avoiding deforestation - a controversial carbon reduction option now under climate policy discussion - shows promise though for both forest conservation and poverty alleviation among indigenous forest peoples. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Coomes, Oliver T.] McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Grimard, Franque] McGill Univ, Dept Econ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T7, Canada. [Potvin, Catherin] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. [Potvin, Catherin] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Sima, Philip] Univ Texas Austin, Sch Architecture, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Coomes, OT (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Geog, Burnside Hall Rm 705,805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM coomes@felix.geog.mcgill.ca NR 32 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 65 IS 2 BP 207 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.12.028 PG 6 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 285TJ UT WOS:000254798800001 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Perfecto, I Philpott, SM AF Greenberg, Russell Perfecto, Ivette Philpott, Stacy M. TI Agroforests as model systems for tropical ecology SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agroecology; biodiversity; ecosystem services; functional diversity; habitat selection; spatial ecology; top-down control; tropical agroforests; tropical pollination C1 [Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Perfecto, Ivette] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Philpott, Stacy M.] Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 19 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 913 EP 914 DI 10.1890/07-1578.1 PG 2 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296XW UT WOS:000255580200004 PM 18481514 ER PT J AU Cruz-Angon, A Sillett, TS Greenberg, R AF Cruz-Angon, Andrea Sillett, T. Scott Greenberg, Russell TI An experimental study of habitat selection by birds in a coffee plantation SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Basileuterus culicivorus; Chlorospingus ophthalmicus; coffee plantations; Common Bush-Tanager; epiphytes; Golden-crowned Warbler; habitat manipulation; multistate capture-recapture models; tropical ecosystems ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; SURVIVAL; POPULATION; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY; GEESE; TREES; PINE; MARK AB Unique components of tropical habitats, such as abundant vascular epiphytes, influence the distribution of species and can contribute to the high diversity of many animal groups in the tropics. However, the role of such features in habitat selection and demography of individual species has not been established. Understanding the mechanisms of habitat selection requires both experimental manipulation of habitat structure and detailed estimation of the behavioral and demographic response of animals, e. g., changes in movement patterns and survival probabilities. Such studies have not been conducted in natural tropical forest, perhaps because of high habitat heterogeneity, high species diversity, and low abundances of potential target species. Agroforestry systems support a less diverse. ora, with greater spatial homogeneity which, in turn, harbors lower overall species diversity with greater numerical dominance of common species, than natural forests. Furthermore, agroforestry systems are already extensively managed and lend themselves easily to larger scale habitat manipulations than protected natural forest. Thus, agroforestry systems provide a good model environment for beginning to understand processes underlying habitat selection in tropical forest animals. Here, we use multistate, capture-recapture models to investigate how the experimental removal of epiphytes affected monthly movement and survival probabilities of two resident bird species (Common Bush-Tanager [Chlorospingus ophthalmicus] and Golden-crowned Warbler [Basileuterus culicivorus]) in a Mexican shade coffee plantation. We established two paired plots of epiphyte removal and control. We found that Bush-Tanagers were at least five times more likely to emigrate from plots where epiphytes were removed compared to control plots. Habitat-specific movement patterns were not detected in the warbler. However, unlike the Golden-crowned Warbler, Common Bush-Tanagers depend upon epiphytes for nest sites and (seasonally) for foraging. These dispersal patterns imply that active habitat selection based on the presence or absence of epiphytes occurs in C. ophthalmicus on our study area. Survival rates did not vary with habitat in either species. Interestingly, in both species, survival was higher in the nonbreeding season, when birds were in mixed-species flocks. Movement by Common Bush-Tanagers into areas with epiphytes occurred mostly during the breeding season, when mortality-driven opportunity was greatest. C1 [Sillett, T. Scott; Greenberg, Russell] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20012 USA. [Cruz-Angon, Andrea] Inst Ecol, AC Dept Ecol Funci, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, POB 37012 MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20012 USA. EM greenbergr@si.edu NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 921 EP 927 DI 10.1890/07-0164.1 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296XW UT WOS:000255580200006 PM 18481516 ER PT J AU Van Bael, SA Philpott, SM Greenberg, R Bichier, P Barber, NA Mooney, KA Gruner, DS AF Van Bael, Sunshine A. Philpott, Stacy M. Greenberg, Russell Bichier, Peter Barber, Nicholas A. Mooney, Kailen A. Gruner, Daniel S. TI Birds as predators in tropical agroforestry systems SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agroforestry systems; birds; insectivory; meta-analysis; top-down; trophic interactions; tropical ecosystems ID BREEDING CURRENCY HYPOTHESIS; TROPHIC CASCADES; COFFEE PLANTATIONS; EMERGENT IMPACTS; SEASONAL SHIFT; SHADE COFFEE; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY AB Insectivorous birds reduce arthropod abundances and their damage to plants in some, but not all, studies where predation by birds has been assessed. The variation in bird effects may be due to characteristics such as plant productivity or quality, habitat complexity, and/or species diversity of predator and prey assemblages. Since agroforestry systems vary in such characteristics, these systems provide a good starting point for understanding when and where we can expect predation by birds to be important. We analyze data from bird exclosure studies in forests and agroforestry systems to ask whether birds consistently reduce their arthropod prey base and whether bird predation differs between forests and agroforestry systems. Further, we focus on agroforestry systems to ask whether the magnitude of bird predation (1) differs between canopy trees and understory plants, (2) differs when migratory birds are present or absent, and (3) correlates with bird abundance and diversity. We found that, across all studies, birds reduce all arthropods, herbivores, carnivores, and plant damage. We observed no difference in the magnitude of bird effects between agroforestry systems and forests despite simplified habitat structure and plant diversity in agroforests. Within agroforestry systems, bird reduction of arthropods was greater in the canopy than the crop layer. Top-down effects of bird predation were especially strong during censuses when migratory birds were present in agroforestry systems. Importantly, the diversity of the predator assemblage correlated with the magnitude of predator effects; where the diversity of birds, especially migratory birds, was greater, birds reduced arthropod densities to a greater extent. We outline potential mechanisms for relationships between bird predator, insect prey, and habitat characteristics, and we suggest future studies using tropical agroforests as a model system to further test these areas of ecological theory. C1 [Van Bael, Sunshine A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Philpott, Stacy M.; Greenberg, Russell; Bichier, Peter] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Barber, Nicholas A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Mooney, Kailen A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gruner, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Van Bael, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM vanbaels@si.edu RI Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Barber, Nicholas/N-1437-2014; Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 OI Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; NR 38 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 13 U2 83 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 928 EP 934 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296XW UT WOS:000255580200007 PM 18481517 ER PT J AU Blakeslee, AMH Byers, JE AF Blakeslee, April M. H. Byers, James E. TI Using parasites to inform ecological history: Comparisons among three congeneric marine snails SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biogeography; Chao2; Cryptocotyle lingua; enemy release; Europe; intertidal snails; introduced species; Littorina littorea; Littorina obtusata; Littorina saxatilis; nonindigenous species; North America; trematodes ID LITTORINA-LITTOREA; SPECIES RICHNESS; LARVAL DIGENEA; SW ICELAND; INVASIONS; COMMUNITIES; MORPHOLOGY; PATTERNS; MOLLUSKS; ATLANTIC AB Species introduced to novel regions often leave behind many parasite species. Signatures of parasite release could thus be used to resolve cryptogenic (uncertain) origins such as that of Littorina littorea, a European marine snail whose history in North America has been debated for over 100 years. Through extensive field and literature surveys, we examined species richness of parasitic trematodes infecting this snail and two co-occurring congeners, L. saxatilis and L. obtusata, both considered native throughout the North Atlantic. Of the three snails, only L. littorea possessed significantly fewer trematode species in North America, and all North American trematodes infecting the three Littorina spp. were a nested subset of Europe. Surprisingly, several of L. littorea's missing trematodes in North America infected the other Littorina congeners. Most likely, long separation of these trematodes from their former host resulted in divergence of the parasites' recognition of L. littorea. Overall, these patterns of parasitism suggest a recent invasion from Europe to North America for L. littorea and an older, natural expansion from Europe to North America for L. saxatilis and L. obtusata. C1 [Blakeslee, April M. H.; Byers, James E.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Blakeslee, AMH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Marine Invas Res Lab, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM blakesleea@si.edu NR 49 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1078 DI 10.1890/07-0832.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296XW UT WOS:000255580200021 PM 18481531 ER PT J AU McKinley, DC Blair, JM AF McKinley, Duncan C. Blair, John M. TI Woody plant encroachment by Juniperus virginiana in a mesic native grassland promotes rapid carbon and nitrogen accrual SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Juniperus virginiana; woody plant encroachment; grassland conversion; invasion; nitrogen cycling; nitrogen use efficiency; mineralization; carbon storage; land cover change ID C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; LAND-COVER CHANGE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; WESTERN JUNIPER; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; LONG-TERM; SOIL; BIOMASS; FOREST AB The cover and abundance of Juniperus virginiana L. in the U.S. Central Plains are rapidly increasing, largely as a result of changing land-use practices that alter fire regimes in native grassland communities. Little is known about how conversion of native grasslands to Juniperus-dominated forests alters soil nutrient availability and ecosystem storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), although such land-cover changes have important implications for local ecosystem dynamics, as well as regional C and N budgets. Four replicate native grasslands and adjacent areas of recent J. virginiana encroachment were selected to assess potential changes in soil N availability, leaf-level photosynthesis, and major ecosystem C and N pools. Net N mineralization rates were assessed in situ over two years, and changes in labile soil organic pools (potential C and N mineralization rates and microbial biomass C and N) were determined. Photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiencies (PNUE) were used to examine differences in instantaneous leaf-level N use in C uptake. Comparisons of ecosystem C and N stocks revealed significant C and N accrual in both plant biomass and soils in these newly established forests, without changes in labile soil N pools. There were few differences in monthly in situ net N mineralization rates, although cumulative annual net N mineralization was greater in forest soils compared to grasslands. Conversely, potential C mineralization was significantly reduced in forest soils. Encroachment by J. virginiana into grasslands results in rapid accretion of ecosystem C and N in plant and soil pools with little apparent change in N availability. Widespread increases in the cover of woody plants, like J. virginiana, in areas formerly dominated by graminoid species suggest an increasing role of expanding woodlands and forests as regional C sinks in the central U.S. C1 [McKinley, Duncan C.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Blair, John M.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP McKinley, DC (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28,647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM mckinleyd@si.edu RI Blair, John/I-4082-2014 OI Blair, John/0000-0003-0072-0721 NR 53 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 3 BP 454 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s10021-008-9133-4 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296IT UT WOS:000255537400008 ER PT J AU Stine, JK AF Stine, Jeffrey K. TI Blazing heritage: A history of wildland fire in the national parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stine, Jeffrey K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stine, JK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Div Med & Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY PI DURHAM PA 701 VICKERS AVE, DURHAM, NC 27701-3147 USA SN 1084-5453 J9 ENVIRON HIST JI Environ. Hist. PD APR PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 BP 374 EP 376 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; History SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; History GA 301XN UT WOS:000255929800016 ER PT J AU Greenberg, R Perfecto, I Philpott, S AF Greenberg, R. Perfecto, I. Philpott, S. TI Brewing biodiversity SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Greenberg, R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Perfecto, I.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Philpott, S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Greenberg, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RI Philpott, Stacy/F-2330-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 115 EP 115 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2008)6[115:BB]2.0.CO;2 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 282WF UT WOS:000254597200001 ER PT J AU Baltzer, JL Davies, SJ Bunyavejchewin, S Noor, NSM AF Baltzer, J. L. Davies, S. J. Bunyavejchewin, S. Noor, N. S. M. TI The role of desiccation tolerance in determining tree species distributions along the Malay-Thai Peninsula SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainfall seasonality gradient; physiological adaptation; tropical rain forest; Malaysia; Thailand ID TROPICAL MOIST FOREST; WATER RELATIONS; DEHYDRATION TOLERANCE; CLIMATIC GRADIENT; SEEDLING SURVIVAL; WOODY-PLANTS; RAIN-FOREST; DRY FOREST; DROUGHT; RESPONSES AB 1. Patterns of water availability are frequently implicated in local and regional tree species distributions. A major floristic and climatic transition from aseasonal to seasonal evergreen tropical forest is the Kangar-Pattani Line (KPL) in the Indo-Sundaic region of Southeast Asia. We hypothesize that differences in species' drought tolerance will correspond with their distribution with respect to the KPL. Using a common garden study, we assess the role of differences in physiological drought tolerance traits to geographic distributions for 24 tropical tree species in relation to rainfall seasonality. 2. Inherent differences in desiccation tolerance of seedlings were quantified as water potentials and relative water contents (RWCs) below which the plant could no longer support living tissue, and plant water relation parameters were measured using pressure-volume analysis. The relationships among these traits were examined using bivariate trait relationships and a principal components analysis (PCA). The physiological traits contributing most to lethal water potential and RWC were assessed using multiple regression analysis. 3. Distribution-related differences in all desiccation tolerance and pressure-volume traits were detected both with and without phylogenetic correction. Widespread species that occurred in seasonally dry forests were able to maintain living tissue at more negative water potentials and lower RWCs than were species restricted to aseasonal forests. Likewise, widespread species demonstrated more negative water potentials at turgor loss, more negative saturated osmotic potential, lower symplastic water fraction and higher bulk modulus of elasticity values. Turgor loss point (TLP) and bulk modulus of elasticity were the best predictors of lethal water potential while symplastic water fraction and bulk modulus of elasticity were included as predictors of lethal RWC. 4. Inherent differences in physiological traits contributing to drought tolerance are associated with differences in tropical tree species distributions in relation to rainfall seasonality. These results, combined with lack of support for hypothesized historical factors, strongly implicate climate as a determinant of tree species distributions around the KPL. C1 [Baltzer, J. L.; Davies, S. J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Univ Herbaria, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Davies, S. J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Balboa, Panama. [Bunyavejchewin, S.] Res Off, Thai Natl Parks Wildlife & Plant Conservat Dept, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Noor, N. S. M.] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia. RP Baltzer, JL (reprint author), Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, 63B York St, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada. EM jbaltzer@mta.ca NR 64 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 7 U2 51 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01374.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277DA UT WOS:000254191700004 ER PT J AU Dudley, R Srygley, RB AF Dudley, R. Srygley, R. B. TI Airspeed adjustment and lipid reserves in migratory Neotropical butterflies SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Central America; flight velocity; insect flight; Nymphalidae; optimal migration; Panama; Pieridae ID NATURAL FREE-FLIGHT; FULGENS URANIIDAE MOTHS; WIND DRIFT COMPENSATION; DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; MONARCH BUTTERFLIES; AUTUMN MIGRATION; LEPIDOPTERA; PHYSIOLOGY; MASS; AGE AB 1. Aerodynamic theory predicts that migrant fliers should reduce their speed of flight as endogenous energy reserves are gradually consumed. This prediction was tested for butterfly species (Pieridae and Nymphalidae) that engage in annual rainy season migrations through central Panama. 2. Direct airspeed measurements were made on butterflies in natural free flight, followed by chloroform : methanol extractions of abdominal lipids from the same insects. 3. Among individuals within particular species/gender subsets, airspeeds during flight were higher with greater lipid content following adjustment for body mass. Although it was not possible to measure lipid content repeatedly on a single insect, these comparisons among individuals for five migratory species suggest that butterflies reduce their flight speed as lipid reserves are progressively depleted. 4. Because choice of airspeed can strongly influence the rate of energetic expenditure, these results together with previously described strategies of wind drift compensation in the same taxa demonstrate sophisticated long-distance orientation and optimization strategies by migratory Neotropical butterflies flying within the boundary layer. C1 [Dudley, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dudley, R.; Srygley, R. B.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Srygley, R. B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Dudley, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wings@berkeley.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 264 EP 270 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01364.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277DA UT WOS:000254191700009 ER PT J AU Cosarinsky, M Leshin, LA MacPherson, GJ Guan, YB Krot, AN AF Cosarinsky, Mariana Leshin, Laurie A. MacPherson, Glenn J. Guan, Yunbin Krot, Alexander N. TI Chemical and oxygen isotopic compositions of accretionary rim and matrix olivine in CV chondrites: Constraints on the evolution of nebular dust SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CONDENSATION; SOLAR NEBULA; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; ALLENDE METEORITE; DARK INCLUSIONS; FAYALITIC OLIVINE; CHONDRULE RIMS; ION MICROPROBE; REFRACTORY INCLUSIONS AB A correlation of petrography, mineral chemistry and in situ oxygen isotopic compositions of fine-grained olivine from the matrix and of fine- and coarse-grained olivine from accretionary rims around Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) and chondrules in CV chondrites is used here to constrain the processes that occurred in the solar nebula and on the CV parent asteroid. The accretionary rims around Leoville, Vigarano, and Allende CAIs exhibit a layered structure: the inner layer consists of coarse-grained, forsteritic and O-16-rich olivine (Fa(1-40) and Delta O-17 = -24 parts per thousand to -5 parts per thousand; the higher values are always found in the outer part of the layer and only in the most porous meteorites), whereas the middle and the outer layers contain finer-grained olivines that are more fayalitic and O-16-depleted (Fa(15-50) and Delta O-17 = -18 parts per thousand to +1 parts per thousand). The CV matrices and accretionary rims around chondrules have olivine grains of textures, chemical and isotopic compositions similar to those in the outer layers of accretionary rims around CAIs. There is a correlation between local sample porosity and olivine chemical and isotopic compositions: the more compact regions (the inner accretionary rim layer) have the most MgO- and O-16-rich compositions, whereas the more porous regions (outer rim layers around CAIs, accretionary rims around chondrules, and matrices) have the most MgO- and O-16-poor compositions. In addition, there is a negative correlation of olivine grain size with fayalite contents and Delta O-17 values. However, not all fine-grained olivines are FeO-rich and O-16-poor; some small (<1 mu m in Leoville and 5-10 mu m in Vigarano and Allende) ferrous (Fa(>20)) olivine grans in the outer layers of the CAI accretionary rims and in the matrix show significant enrichments in O-16 (Delta O-17 = -20 parts per thousand to -10 parts per thousand). We infer that the inner layer of the accretionary rims around CAIs and, at least, some olivine grains in the finer portions of accretionary rims and CV matrices formed in an 160-rich gaseous reservoir, probably in the CAI-forming region. Grains in the outer layers of the CAI accretionary rims and in the rims around chondrules as well as matrix may have also originated as O-16-rich olivine. However, these olivines must have exchanged O isotopes to variable extents in the presence of an O-16-poor reservoir, possibly the nebular gas in the chondrule-forming region(s) and/or fluids in the parent body. The observed trend in isotopic compositions may arise from mixtures of O-16-rich forsterites with grain overgrowths or newly formed grains of O-16-poor fayalitic olivines formed during parent body metamorphism. However, the observed correlations of chemical and isotopic compositions of olivine with grain size and local porosity of the host meteorite suggest that olivine accreted as a single population of O-16-rich forsterite and subsequently exchanged Fe-Mg and O isotopes in situ in the presence of aqueous solutions (i.e. fluid-assisted thermal metamorphism). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cosarinsky, Mariana; Leshin, Laurie A.; Guan, Yunbin] Arizona State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Leshin, Laurie A.] Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorites Studies, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [MacPherson, Glenn J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Krot, Alexander N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Cosarinsky, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mariana@ess.ucla.edu NR 78 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1887 EP 1913 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.12.025 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 287IJ UT WOS:000254910500011 ER PT J AU Castro, JM Gardner, JE AF Castro, Jonathan M. Gardner, James E. TI Did magma ascent rate control the explosive-effusive transition at the Inyo volcanic chain, California? SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microlites; pumice; magma ascent; decompression experiments ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; FRAGMENTATION; ERUPTIONS; DOMES; FLOW; DYNAMICS; FRACTURE; WATER AB Rhyolitic eruptions often begin explosively and then shift to extrusions of lava. It is widely believed that the style of eruption is dependent on magma flow rate within the conduit, with fast ascent leading to explosive eruption and slow ascent favoring effusive behavior. Currently, the velocity of rhyolite magma flowing in a conduit is unknown, and therefore eruption models remain untested against geologic evidence of magma ascent. We show that explosively erupted rhyolite magma from the Inyo volcanic chain ascended slowly (centimeters per second), at the same rates as the dome-building phases. We propose that the explosive-effusive transition in sub-Plinian rhyolite eruptions is governed by the alleviation of exsolved volatile pressure in the shallow conduit rather than the magma flow rate. C1 [Castro, Jonathan M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gardner, James E.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Univ Stn C1100 1, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Castro, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, POB 37012,NHB-119, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RI Gardner, James/H-1713-2011 NR 30 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 17 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 4 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1130/G24453A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 283NA UT WOS:000254641700002 ER PT J AU Keita, SOY Boyce, AJ AF Keita, S. O. Y. Boyce, A. J. TI Temporal variation in phenetic affinity of early Upper Egyptian male cranial series SO HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE craniofacial variation; Mahalanobis distances; Egypt; Afro-Asiatic languages ID MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PREDYNASTIC EGYPT; ANCIENT-EGYPT; RATIOS; STATE; NILE AB We carried out an exploratory historical biology study using temporally distinguished groups of predynastic-Early Dynastic male crania from the region of Upper Egypt. The objectives were, first, to determine the overall pattern of phenetic affinity between temporally sequential series and in relation to the earliest series and, second, to explore the possible meanings of the pattern of relationship to sociohistorical change. The cranial series were designated early predynastic, late predynastic, terminal predynastic, and Dynasty 1. Craniometric phenetic affinity was ascertained using Mahalanobis distances; a 5% level of probability was chosen for significance. The distance matrix values were ordered into hierarchies of dissimilarity from each series (distance hierarchies) and tabulated for time-successive groups, including the temporally earliest series (i.e., serialized by time). The principal observations were as follows. The overall pattern was not one in which the values between all series were statistically insignificant; nor was it one of consistent sequential increase of biological distance from the earliest series. There was a notable and statistically significant distance between the early and late predynastic groups, with the late and terminal predynastic groups mutually having the lowest and statistically insignificant distances with each other. The value between the terminal predynastic and Dynasty I series was generally larger than the values between other groups and was statistically significant. The overall pattern is possibly consistent with archeological interpretations that postulate increasing intraregional interactions during the late and terminal predynastic periods and the rise of an Egyptian state that eventually included northern Egypt. C1 [Keita, S. O. Y.] Howard Univ Hosp, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Ctr Canc, Washington, DC 20060 USA. [Keita, S. O. Y.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Boyce, A. J.] Univ Oxford, Ins Biol Anthropol, St Johns Coll, Oxford OX1 3JP, England. RP Keita, SOY (reprint author), Howard Univ Hosp, Natl Human Genome Ctr, Ctr Canc, Rm 615,2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20060 USA. NR 88 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WAYNE STATE UNIV PRESS PI DETROIT PA 4809 WOODWARD AVE, DETROIT, MI 48201-1309 USA SN 0018-7143 EI 1534-6617 J9 HUM BIOL JI Hum. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 80 IS 2 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.3378/1534-6617(2008)80[141:TVIPAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Genetics & Heredity GA 333DN UT WOS:000258132700003 PM 18720900 ER PT J AU Stearman, AM Stierlin, E Sigman, ME Roubik, DW Dorrien, D AF Stearman, Allyn MacLean Stierlin, Eugenio Sigman, Michael E. Roubik, David W. Dorrien, Derek TI Stradivarius in the jungle: Traditional knowledge and the use of "Black beeswax" among the yuqui of the Bolivian Amazon SO HUMAN ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cultural uses of beeswax; black beeswax; arrow cement; Yuqui Indians; Indigenous Amazonians ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; STINGLESS BEE; PROPOLIS AB Native Amazonians traditionally use two methods to feather, or fletch, arrows-they either tie feathers to the shaft or use an adhesive. This paper discusses the latter method, analyzing the use of "black beeswax" arrow cement, derived from an insect product, the wax-resin cerumen of native stingless bees (Meliponini). Such mixtures of beeswax and plant resins, prepared by cooking, have a long history of human use in the Old World: in encaustic painting, beaumontage for furniture repair, sealing waxes, and varnishes for fine musical instruments. This study explores the special properties of meliponine cerumen, containing a resin compound, geopropolis, which makes an excellent arrow cement. Like their Old World counterparts, native Amazonians discovered that cooking a mixture of cerumen and plant resins from bee nests produces an adhesive that dries to a hard finish. We compare both raw and cooked samples of cerumen with infra-red spectroscopy. The wax-resin compound yields adhesive material that is tough, flexible, and has many qualities of both sealing wax and varnish. The Yuqui of the Bolivian Amazon provided the cerumen samples for this analysis, and we describe their methods of preparing and applying arrow cement. We also discuss how social change and globalization negatively affect Yuqui traditional knowledge, which survives, in this case, largely because there is a modest market for bows and arrows in the tourist trade. C1 [Stearman, Allyn MacLean] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Anthropol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Sigman, Michael E.; Dorrien, Derek] Univ Cent Florida, Natl Ctr Forens Sci & Dept, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Roubik, David W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Stearman, AM (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Anthropol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM stearman@mail.ucf.edu NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0300-7839 J9 HUM ECOL JI Hum. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10745-007-9153-2 PG 11 WC Anthropology; Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 274ID UT WOS:000253994100001 ER PT J AU Raboy, BE Canale, GR Dietz, JM AF Raboy, Becky E. Canale, Gustavo R. Dietz, James M. TI Ecology of Callithrix kuhlii and a review of eastern Brazilian marmosets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Forest; Callithrix kuhlii; eastern Brazil; ecology; marmoset; Wied's black-tufted-ear marmosets ID HEADED LION TAMARINS; HOME-RANGE SIZE; ATLANTIC FOREST; LEONTOPITHECUS-CHRYSOMELAS; SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL; JACCHUS-JACCHUS; EAR MARMOSET; BEHAVIOR; WILD; AURITA AB We provide data on wild Callithrix kuhlii, a little studied species. We describe their ecology, focusing on demography, diet, and ranging patterns in 8 groups studied from 1995 to 1999. The groups averaged 4.3 individuals, with 1 breeding female and 1-2 adult males, and reproduction was seasonal. Evidence from nonstudy groups indicated the possibility of polygynous group structure. We observed group formation and the transfer of adults between groups. The marmosets ate 20 species of fruit and nectar and 5 exudate species. Home ranges were 34-39 ha, and daily path lengths averaged 1498 m. We include our data in a comprehensive review of eastern Brazilian marmosets to characterize their ecology. Callithrix kuhlii ate more fruit species and less gum species, and had larger home ranges and daily path lengths versus those of most congeners. There was also a tradeoff between travel time and other behaviors. Species with smaller home ranges spent more time foraging and resting and less time traveling than the ones with larger ranges. Attributes consistent with all species included their reliance on gum during fruit scarcity and preference for disturbed habitat. We explored factors relating to the variation in diet and ranging patterns within the eastern Brazilian marmosets, in particular by considering the species in relation to elevation and the extent and proximity of their distribution to the sea. However, large intraspecific variation resulting in part from variable levels of anthropogenic disturbance across sites confounded our ability to verify trends corresponding to the geographic characteristics. C1 [Raboy, Becky E.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat & Sci, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Raboy, Becky E.; Canale, Gustavo R.] Inst Estudos Socioambientais Sul Bahia, BR-45652180 Ilheus, Brazil. [Raboy, Becky E.; Dietz, James M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Canale, Gustavo R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Physiol Dev & Neurosci, Sch Anat, Cambridge CB2 3DY, England. RP Raboy, BE (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Conservat & Sci, POB 37012,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM raboyb@si.edu NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0291 J9 INT J PRIMATOL JI Int. J. Primatol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 449 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s10764-008-9249-6 PG 19 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 289MM UT WOS:000255058600010 ER PT J AU Tocheri, MW Orr, CM Jacofsky, MC Marzke, MW AF Tocheri, Matthew W. Orr, Caley M. Jacofsky, Marc C. Marzke, Mary W. TI The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo SO JOURNAL OF ANATOMY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Human Evolution CY 2007 CL St Annes Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO St Annes Coll DE carpals; comparative anatomy; hand muscles; manual phalanges; metacarpals ID AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS HAND; POLLICAL DISTAL PHALANX; KNUCKLE-WALKING; OLDUVAI GORGE; ORRORIN-TUGENENSIS; HUMAN BIPEDALISM; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; TOOL BEHAVIOR; GREAT APES; MORPHOLOGICAL AFFINITIES AB Molecular evidence indicates that the last common ancestor of the genus Pan and the hominin clade existed between 8 and 4 million years ago (Ma). The current fossil record indicates the Pan-Homo last common ancestor existed at least 5 Ma and most likely between 6 and 7 Ma. Together, the molecular and fossil evidence has important consequences for interpreting the evolutionary history of the hand within the tribe Hominini (hominins). Firstly, parsimony supports the hypothesis that the hand of the last common ancestor most likely resembled that of an extant great ape overall (Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo), and that of an African ape in particular. Second, it provides a context for interpreting the derived changes to the hand that have evolved in various hominins. For example, the Australopithecus afarensis hand is likely derived in comparison with that of the Pan-Homo last common ancestor in having shorter fingers relative to thumb length and more proximo-distally oriented joints between its capitate, second metacarpal, and trapezium. This evidence suggests that these derived features evolved prior to the intensification of stone tool-related hominin behaviors beginning around 2.5 Ma. However, a majority of primitive features most likely present in the Pan-Homo last common ancestor are retained in the hands of Australopithecus, Paranthropus/early Homo, and Homo floresiensis. This evidence suggests that further derived changes to the hands of other hominins such as modern humans and Neandertals did not evolve until after 2.5 Ma and possibly even later than 1.5 Ma, which is currently the earliest evidence of Acheulian technology. The derived hands of modern humans and Neandertals may indicate a morphological commitment to tool-related manipulative behaviors beyond that observed in other hominins, including those (e.g. H. floresiensis) which may be descended from earlier tool-making species. C1 [Tocheri, Matthew W.] Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Orr, Caley M.; Jacofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Human Evolut & Social Change, Tempe, AZ USA. [Orr, Caley M.] Arizona State Univ, Inst Human Origins, Tempe, AZ USA. [Jacofsky, Marc C.] CORE Inst, Ctr Orthoped Res & Educ, Sun City W, AZ USA. RP Tocheri, MW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Dept Anthropol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM tocherim@si.edu OI Tocheri, Matthew/0000-0001-7600-8998 NR 155 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 13 U2 69 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8782 J9 J ANAT JI J. Anat. PD APR PY 2008 VL 212 IS 4 BP 544 EP 562 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x PG 19 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 283CY UT WOS:000254615400011 PM 18380869 ER PT J AU Mueller, T Olson, KA Fuller, TK Schaller, GB Murray, MG Leimgruber, P AF Mueller, Thomas Olson, Kirk A. Fuller, Todd K. Schaller, George B. Murray, Martyn G. Leimgruber, Peter TI In search of forage: predicting dynamic habitats of Mongolian gazelles using satellite-based estimates of vegetation productivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dynamic landscape; forage maturation; grassland; migration; Mongolia; NDVI; nomadism; ungulate; Procapra gutturosa ID PROCAPRA-GUTTUROSA; INNER-MONGOLIA; SERENGETI WILDEBEEST; INSECT HARASSMENT; METAPOPULATION MODEL; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; SAIGA ANTELOPE; LAND-USE; POPULATION AB 1. Temporal variability in habitat suitability has important conservation and ecological implications. In grasslands, changes in resource availability can occur at broad spatial scales and enlarge area requirements of ungulate populations, which increases their vulnerability to habitat loss and fragmentation. Understanding and predicting these dynamics, although critical, has received little attention so far. 2. We investigated habitat dynamics for Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa Pallas) in the eastern steppes of Mongolia. We quantified the distribution of gazelles at four different time periods and tracked primary productivity using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from satellite imagery. 3. A second-order logistic model showed that NDVI was an efficient predictor of gazelle presence. We tested the predictive power of the model with independent data from a gazelle telemetry study: 85% of all relocations were found within the predicted area. 4. Gazelles preferred an intermediate range of vegetation productivity, presumably facing quality quantity trade-offs where areas with low NDVI are limited by low ingestion rates, and areas with high NDVI are limited by the low digestibility of mature forage. 5. Spatiotemporal variation of gazelle habitat areas was high. Only 15% of the study area was consistently gazelle habitat throughout all survey periods, indicating that gazelles need to range over vast areas in search of food. Only 1% of the gazelle habitats were consistently located inside protected areas. Synthesis and applications. Habitat variability in grasslands often leads to area requirements of ungulates that prevent effective conservation within single protected areas. They require landscape-level management plans, but dynamic habitat predictions to inform such plans are difficult to implement and are often unavailable. We showed that satellite estimates of vegetation productivity can be used successfully to generate dynamic habitat models in landscapes with highly variable resources, and demonstrated that intermediate NDVI values were critical to predict occurrence of Mongolian gazelles. C1 [Mueller, Thomas; Leimgruber, Peter] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, FrontRoyal, VA 22630 USA. [Mueller, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Dept Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Olson, Kirk A.; Fuller, Todd K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Olson, Kirk A.; Schaller, George B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Murray, Martyn G.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Evolut Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Mueller, T (reprint author), Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remt Rd, FrontRoyal, VA 22630 USA. EM muellert@gmail.com RI Mueller, Thomas/A-1740-2014; Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Mueller, Thomas/0000-0001-9305-7716; Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 90 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 6 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8901 EI 1365-2664 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 649 EP 658 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01371.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277DI UT WOS:000254192500027 ER PT J AU Huber, BT Macleod, KG Tur, NA AF Huber, Brian T. Macleod, Kenneth G. Tur, Nataliya A. TI Chronostratigraphic framework for upper Campanian-Maastrichtian sediments on the blake nose (subtropical North Atlantic) SO JOURNAL OF FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; CATASTROPHIC MASS EXTINCTION; PLANKTIC-FORAMINIFERA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; IMPACT; CLIMATE; OCEAN; NANNOFOSSIL; TUNISIA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AB A new chronostratigraphic framework is presented for upper Campanian-Maastrichtian pelagic sediments cored at DSDP/ODP Sites 390A/1049, 1050, and 1052, which were drilled across a 1300-m depth transect on the Blake Nose (subtropical western Atlantic Ocean). The planktonic foraminiferal zonation is based on standard global biozones for this interval, but rare and sporadic occurrence of two zonal biomarkers, Gansserina gansseri and Globotruncana aegyptiaca, precludes reliable identification of the nominate zones for those species. The Pseudoguembelina palpebra Partial-range Zone is defined as a means of subdividing this upper Campanian biostratigraphic interval. Planktonic foraminiferal, calcareous nannofossil and paleomagnetic datums are integrated to construct reliable age-depth curves for each of the Blake Nose drill sites. These age models are largely confirmed by Sr-isotopic data and suggest significant unconformities at various positions within the sections. Compilation of stable isotope datasets for this time interval from the Blake Nose sites reveals no significant shifts in delta O-18 and VC at the time of the inoceramid bivalve extinction (now dated as 68.5-68.7 Ma in the Blake Nose sections) and no correlation with proposed Campanian-Maastrichtian glacial intervals. However, benthic warming associated with Deccan volcanism during the late Maastrichtian is supported. C1 [Huber, Brian T.] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, MRC 121, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Macleod, Kenneth G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tur, Nataliya A.] All Russian Geol Inst VSEGEI, St Petersburg 199106, Russia. RP Huber, BT (reprint author), Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, MRC 121, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM huberb@si.edu RI MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017 OI MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837 NR 65 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FORAMINIFERAL RES PI CAMBRIDGE PA MUSEUM COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, DEPT INVERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 26 OXFORD ST, HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 0096-1191 J9 J FORAMIN RES JI J. Foraminifer. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 2 BP 162 EP 182 DI 10.2113/gsjfr.38.2.162 PG 21 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 287US UT WOS:000254942600006 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML Liljeblad, J AF Buffington, Matthew L. Liljeblad, Johan TI The description of Euceroptrinae, a new subfamily of figitidae (Hymenoptera), including a revision of Euceroptres Ashmead, 1896 and the description of a new species SO JOURNAL OF HYMENOPTERA RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GALL WASPS HYMENOPTERA; PHYLOGENY; CYNIPOIDEA; EVOLUTION; CYNIPIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; EXPANSION; 28S AB The figitid genus Euceroptres Ashmead has recently been determined to render the Thrasorinae, a subfamily where the genus is currently classified, paraphyletic. To maintain the monophyly of Thrasorinae, Euceroptres is here redescribed and placed in its own subfamily, Euceroptrmae. All known species are redescribed and a new species is described; a lectotype is designated for E. primus Ashmead, 1896. The phylogenetics of Euceroptrinae, Parnipinae, Plectocynipinae and Thrasorinae are discussed, and the hypothesis that ancestral lineages of figitids attacked gall-inducing Hymenoptera is supported. Agastoparasitism among these lineages appears to be plesiomorphic. Though branch support is relatively low for inferring the precise branching order of the gall-inducer parasite lineages, the classification of problematic species is much improved. C1 [Buffington, Matthew L.] USDA, USNM, Smithsonian Inst, Syst Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Liljeblad, Johan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), USDA, USNM, Smithsonian Inst, Syst Entomol Lab, 10th & Constitut Ave NW,POB 37012 MRC-168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov; cynips@gmail.com RI Liljeblad, Johan/H-4765-2011 OI Liljeblad, Johan/0000-0003-0442-8162 NR 25 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1070-9428 J9 J HYMENOPT RES JI J. Hymenopt. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 44 EP 56 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 283KM UT WOS:000254635100002 ER PT J AU Chianetta, G Arnone, C Barbera, M Beeman, J Collura, A Lullo, G Perinati, E Silver, E AF Chianetta, G. Arnone, C. Barbera, M. Beeman, J. Collura, A. Lullo, G. Perinati, E. Silver, E. TI A fully planar approach to the construction of X-ray microcalorimeters with doped germanium sensors SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE DE microcalorimeters; thermistors; germanium; X-ray ID NTD GERMANIUM AB We have investigated a fully planar technology for the development of arrays of X-ray microcalorimeters with doped germanium thermal sensor. We describe the proposed approach and show promising results obtained with the deep etching of germanium, the most critical step of the whole process. C1 [Chianetta, G.; Arnone, C.; Lullo, G.] Univ Palermo, Dip Ingn Electtr Elettron & Telecom, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. [Barbera, M.] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fisiche & Astron, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. [Beeman, J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beeman, J.; Collura, A.; Perinati, E.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservat Astron Palermo GS Vaiana, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Silver, E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chianetta, G (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dip Ingn Electtr Elettron & Telecom, Vilae Sci,Edificio 9, I-90128 Palermo, Italy. EM Giovanni.chianetta@libero.it OI collura, alfonso/0000-0001-9534-1235; Barbera, Marco/0000-0002-3188-7420 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 151 IS 1-2 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9662-9 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 270CP UT WOS:000253697900063 ER PT J AU Helgen, KM Maldonado, JE Wilson, DE Buckner, SD AF Helgen, Kristofer M. Maldonado, Jesus E. Wilson, Don E. Buckner, Sandra D. TI Molecular confirmation of the origin and invasive status of West Indian raccoons SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE ancient DNA; Carnivora; conservation; invasive species; island biogeography; taxonomy ID PROCYON-LOTOR; TAXONOMIC STATUS; TURTLE NESTS; DNA; POPULATIONS; COALESCENT; MANAGEMENT AB Raccoons occur on a number of islands in the Bahamas and the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies. Zooarcheological studies have long suggested that these animals are not native to the West Indies. Originally, Caribbean populations were described as endemic insular species Procyon maynardi (Bahamas), P. minor (Guadeloupe), and P. gloveralleni (Barbados), a classification that was recognized throughout much of the 20th century. More recently, studies of qualitative morphology and a review of historical publications and documents have been used to bolster arguments that these populations of raccoons are not unique species worthy of special conservation attention, but invasive populations of the North American raccoon (P. lotor) introduced in recent centuries. Raccoons in the Bahamas and the French Antilles appear to be spreading onto other islands with human assistance, but the population on Barbados is now apparently extinct. We present evidence from the mitochondrial control region, including sequence data from the extinct population on Barbados generated using ancient DNA protocols, indicating that all 3 major insular populations of West Indian raccoons are conspecific with P. lotor and probably originated via recent translocations from eastern North America. Like normative populations of raccoons that have been established elsewhere (e.g., in Alaska, Japan, and Europe), the raccoons of the West Indies deserve no special taxonomic recognition or conservation status. They may be destructive to native wildlife on West Indian islands where they have been introduced, particularly if their spread to and across other islands continues. C1 [Helgen, Kristofer M.; Wilson, Don E.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Helgen, Kristofer M.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Div Environm & Life Sci, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Maldonado, Jesus E.] NMNH ZNP, Ctr Conservat & Evolut Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Buckner, Sandra D.] Montague Foreshore, Villa Capulet, Nassau, Bahamas. RP Helgen, KM (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Mammals, Smithsonian Inst, NHB 390,MRC 108,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM helgen@post.harvard.edu NR 34 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 15 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 2 BP 282 EP 291 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-155R.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 293AC UT WOS:000255306200002 ER PT J AU Rothman, LS Martin-Torres, FJ Flaud, JM AF Rothman, Laurence S. Martin-Torres, F. Javier Flaud, Jean-Marie TI Special issue on planetary atmospheres - Preface SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rothman, Laurence S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Martin-Torres, F. Javier] AS&M Inc, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Flaud, Jean-Marie] Univ Paris 12, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, Jean-Marie] Univ Paris 07, LISA, F-75221 Paris, France. [Flaud, Jean-Marie] CNRS, F-75700 Paris, France. RP Rothman, LS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Atom & Mol Phys Div, MS50,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lrothman@cfa.harvard.edu RI Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/G-6329-2015; OI Martin-Torres, Francisco Javier/0000-0001-6479-2236; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR PY 2008 VL 109 IS 6 BP 881 EP 881 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.02.002 PG 1 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 292WZ UT WOS:000255298100001 ER PT J AU Jacquinet-Husson, N Scott, NA Chedina, A Crepeau, L Armante, R Capelle, V Orphal, J Coustenis, A Boonne, C Poulet-Crovisier, N Barbee, A Birk, M Brown, LR Camy-Peyret, C Claveau, C Chance, K Christidis, N Clerbaux, C Coheur, PF Dana, V Daumont, L De Backer-Barilly, MR Di Lonardo, G Flaud, JM Goldman, A Hamdouni, A Hess, M Hurley, MD Jacquemart, D Kleiner, I Kopke, P Mandin, JY Massie, S Mikhailenko, S Nemtchinov, V Nikitin, A Newnham, D Perrin, A Perevalov, VI Pinnock, S Regalia-Jarlot, L Rinsland, CP Rublev, A Schreier, F Schult, L Smith, KM Tashkun, SA Teffo, JL Toth, RA Tyuterev, VG Auwera, JV Varanasi, P Wagner, G AF Jacquinet-Husson, N. Scott, N. A. Chedina, A. Crepeau, L. Armante, R. Capelle, V. Orphal, J. Coustenis, A. Boonne, C. Poulet-Crovisier, N. Barbee, A. Birk, M. Brown, L. R. Camy-Peyret, C. Claveau, C. Chance, K. Christidis, N. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. F. Dana, V. Daumont, L. De Backer-Barilly, M. R. Di Lonardo, G. Flaud, J. M. Goldman, A. Hamdouni, A. Hess, M. Hurley, M. D. Jacquemart, D. Kleiner, I. Koepke, P. Mandin, J. Y. Massie, S. Mikhailenko, S. Nemtchinov, V. Nikitin, A. Newnham, D. Perrin, A. Perevalov, V. I. Pinnock, S. Regalia-Jarlot, L. Rinsland, C. P. Rublev, A. Schreier, F. Schult, L. Smith, K. M. Tashkun, S. A. Teffo, J. L. Toth, R. A. Tyuterev, Vl. G. Auwera, J. Vander Varanasi, P. Wagner, G. TI The GEISA spectroscopic database: Current and future archive for Earth and planetary atmosphere studies SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Review DE GEISA; spectroscopic database; line parameters; cross-sections; atmospheric absorption; atmospheric aerosols; Earth's and planetary atmospheres ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; O-2 HERZBERG BANDS; ROTATIONAL LINE POSITIONS; SENSING REFERENCE DATA; M SPECTRAL REGION; 231-794 NM RANGE; MU-M; WATER-VAPOR; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB The development of Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques (GEISA: Management and Study of Spectroscopic Information) was started over three decades at Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique (LMD) in France. GEISA is a computer accessible spectroscopic database, designed to facilitate accurate forward radiative transfer calculations using a line-by-line and layer-by-layer approach. More than 350 users have been registered for on-line use of the GEISA facilities. The current 2003 edition of GEISA (GEISA-03) is a system comprising three independent sub-databases devoted respectively to: line transition parameters, infrared and ultraviolet/visible absorption cross-sections, microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. Currently., GEISA is involved in activities related to the assessment of the capabilities of IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on board of the METOP European satellite) through the GEISA/IASI database derived from GEISA. The GEISA-03 content is presented, placing emphasis on molecular species of interest for Earth and planetary atmosphere studies, with details on the updated 2008 archive underway. A critical assessment on the needs, in terms of molecular parameters archive, related with recent satellite astrophysical missions is made. Detailed information on free online GEISA and GEISA/IASI access is given at http://ara.lmd.polytechnique.fr and http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacquinet-Husson, N.; Scott, N. A.; Chedina, A.; Crepeau, L.; Armante, R.; Capelle, V.] Ecole Polytech, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Orphal, J.; Flaud, J. M.; Kleiner, I.; Perrin, A.] Fac Sci & Technol, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Coustenis, A.] Observ Paris, Lab Etud Spatiales & Instrumentat Astrophys, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Barbee, A.; Daumont, L.; De Backer-Barilly, M. R.; Hamdouni, A.; Regalia-Jarlot, L.; Tyuterev, Vl. G.] Univ Reims, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, F-51062 Reims, France. [Birk, M.; Schreier, F.; Wagner, G.] DLR, Remote Sensing Technol Inst, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. [Brown, L. R.; Toth, R. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Camy-Peyret, C.; Claveau, C.; Dana, V.; Mandin, J. Y.; Teffo, J. L.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, F-94200 Ivry, France. [Chance, K.; Clerbaux, C.; Coheur, P. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Christidis, N.; Pinnock, S.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AU, Berks, England. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris, France. [Coheur, P. F.; Auwera, J. Vander] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Di Lonardo, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Goldman, A.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Hurley, M. D.] Ford Res Lab, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. [Jacquemart, D.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Dynam Interact & React, F-75252 Paris, France. [Koepke, P.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Massie, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mikhailenko, S.; Nikitin, A.; Perevalov, V. I.; Tashkun, S. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Lab Theoret Spect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Nemtchinov, V.; Varanasi, P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Newnham, D.; Smith, K. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Rinsland, C. P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Rublev, A.] Russian Res Ctr, Inst Mol Phys, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow 123183, Russia. [Schult, L.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Jacquinet-Husson, N (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Route Dept 36, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM jacquinet@lmd.polytechnique.fr RI Orphal, Johannes/A-8667-2012; Nikitin, Andrei/K-2624-2013; Tashkun, Sergey/E-8682-2014; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; OI Orphal, Johannes/0000-0002-1943-4496; Nikitin, Andrei/0000-0002-4280-4096; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 NR 104 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR PY 2008 VL 109 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1059 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.12.015 PG 17 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 292WZ UT WOS:000255298100013 ER PT J AU Tierney, SM Gonzales-Ojeda, T Wcislo, WT AF Tierney, Simon M. Gonzales-Ojeda, Therany Wcislo, William T. TI Nesting biology and social behavior of Xenochlora bees (Hymenoptera : Halictidae : Augochlorini) from Peru SO JOURNAL OF THE KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Halictidae; Augochlorini; Xenochlora; social evolution; size variation; stem nest ID MEGALOPTA-GENALIS HYMENOPTERA; SWEAT BEES; ECUADORIA HYMENOPTERA; EVOLUTION; NEOCORYNURA; CLASSIFICATION; ARCHITECTURE AB The augochlorine (Halictidae) bee genus Xenochlora is the diurnal sister group to the nocturnal Megalopta, both of which are stem-nesting halictid bees. Here we present notes on the nesting biology and social behavior in four nests of Xenochlora nigrofemorata and one nest of X. ianthina from Madre de Dios, Peru. All nests contained multiple females and dissections of X. nigrofemorata indicated within nest reproductive differentiation among females that is associated with body size. Size variation among females is conspicuous and a variety of morphometrics are examined to document it. A genal index is used to describe cephalic variation, and results are compared with seven other halictine bees. All morphometrics were investigated for measurement error. Nests of Xenochlora appear to be founded by single females and multifemale nests clearly exhibit parasocial behavior and we hypothesize that they temporally switch between semisocial, eusocial and possibly communal phases. C1 [Tierney, Simon M.; Gonzales-Ojeda, Therany; Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Gonzales-Ojeda, Therany] Univ Nacl San Antonio Abad Cusco Sede Puerto Mald, Fac Ciencias Forestales & Medio Ambiente, Puerto Maldonado, Madre Dios, Peru. RP Tierney, SM (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM TierneyS@si.edu; WcisloW@si.edu RI Tierney, Simon/H-2410-2015 OI Tierney, Simon/0000-0002-8812-6753 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU KANSAS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-8567 EI 1937-2353 J9 J KANSAS ENTOMOL SOC JI J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.2317/JKES-704.24.1 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 289VW UT WOS:000255083000008 ER PT J AU Durrant, KL Marra, PP Fallon, SM Colbeck, GJ Gibbs, HL Hobson, KA Norris, DR Bernik, B Lloyd, VL Fleischer, RC AF Durrant, K. L. Marra, P. P. Fallon, S. M. Colbeck, G. J. Gibbs, H. L. Hobson, K. A. Norris, D. R. Bernik, B. Lloyd, V. L. Fleischer, R. C. TI Parasite assemblages distinguish populations of a migratory passerine on its breeding grounds SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Setophaga ruticilla; migration; Plasmodium; Haemoproteus; avian malaria; blood parasite ID AVIAN MALARIA PARASITES; PREVALENCE; CONNECTIVITY; PHYLOGENY; SONGBIRDS; SEQUENCES; ISOTOPES; VECTOR; BIRD AB We attempted to establish migratory connectivity patterns for American redstarts Setophaga ruticilla between their breeding and wintering grounds by characterizing the composition of their haematozoan parasite assemblages in different parts of their range. We detected significant but limited geographic structuring of haematozoan parasite lineages across the breeding range of the redstart. We found that redstarts from the south-eastern (SE) region of the breeding range had a significantly different haematozoan parasite assemblage compared with populations sampled throughout the rest of the breeding range. Evidence using stable isotopes from feathers previously demonstrated that redstarts from the SE of the breeding range also have a unique and separate wintering range. Thus, although two methods of estimating migratory connectivity have now both shown the SE US breeding sub-population of redstarts to be distinct from other populations on both the breeding and wintering grounds, conclusive migratory connectivity for this species as a whole could not be established. C1 [Durrant, K. L.; Fallon, S. M.; Bernik, B.; Lloyd, V. L.; Fleischer, R. C.] Smithsonian Inst, Genet Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Marra, P. P.] Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Colbeck, G. J.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Gibbs, H. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aronoff Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hobson, K. A.] Environm Canada, Natl Hydrol Res Inst, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [Norris, D. R.] Univ Guelph, Dept Integrat Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Durrant, KL (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM k.l.durrant@sheffield.ac.uk RI Norris, Ryan/F-4720-2011 NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD APR PY 2008 VL 274 IS 4 BP 318 EP 326 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00387.x PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 294NZ UT WOS:000255414100003 ER PT J AU Glynn, PW Colley, SB Mate, JL Cortes, J Guzman, HM Bailey, RL Feingold, JS Enochs, IC AF Glynn, P. W. Colley, S. B. Mate, J. L. Cortes, J. Guzman, H. M. Bailey, R. L. Feingold, J. S. Enochs, I. C. TI Reproductive ecology of the azooxanthellate coral Tubastraea coccinea in the equatorial eastern pacific: Part V. Dendrophylliidae (vol 153, pg 529, 2008) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Glynn, P. W.; Enochs, I. C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Colley, S. B.] PBS&J, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33309 USA. [Mate, J. L.; Guzman, H. M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Cortes, J.] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Feingold, J. S.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Glynn, PW (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu RI Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 199 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0926-y PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 278CJ UT WOS:000254260800018 ER PT J AU Dick, CW AF Dick, Christopher W. TI New interpretations of fine-scale spatial genetic structure SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE assignment methods; forest history; Gabon; spatial genetic structure; tropical tree ID SEED DISPERSAL AB Recent methodological advances permit refined inferences of evolutionary processes from the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of plant populations. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Born et al. (2008) exploit the full power of these methods by examining effects of ancient and recent landscape histories in an African rainforest tree species. The authors first detected admixture of distinct gene pools that may have formed in Pleistocene forest refuges. Then, comparing across six study populations in Gabon, the authors found similar patterns of fine-scale spatial genetic structure despite natural and anthropogenic variation in population density. The latter results suggest that enhanced gene dispersal may compensate for low population densities in fragmented landscapes. C1 [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Univ Michigan, Herbarium, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dick, Christopher W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa Ancon, Panama. RP Dick, CW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 830 N Univ Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cwdick@umich.edu RI Dick, Christopher/A-8744-2008 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1873 EP 1874 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03728.x PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 287YR UT WOS:000254953900001 PM 18363663 ER PT J AU Symeonidis, M Willner, SP Rigopoulou, D Huang, JS Fazio, GG Jarvis, MJ AF Symeonidis, M. Willner, S. P. Rigopoulou, D. Huang, J. -S. Fazio, G. G. Jarvis, M. J. TI The properties of 70 mu m-selected high-redshift galaxies in the Extended Groth Strip SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : general; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : photometry; galaxies : starburst ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MASSIVE STAR-FORMATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MIDINFRARED EMISSION; STARBURST GALAXIES; LUMINOUS GALAXIES; FORMING GALAXIES AB We examine the infrared properties of 43 high-redshift (0.1 < z < 1.2), infrared-luminous galaxies in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS), selected by a deep 70 mu m survey with the Multiband Imaging Photometer on Spitzer (MIPS). In addition and with reference to starburst-type spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we derive a set of equations for estimating the total infrared luminosity (L-IR) in the range 8-1000 mu m using photometry from at least one MIPS band. 42 out of 43 of our sources' optical/infrared SEDs (lambda(observed) < 160 mu m) are starburst type, with only one object displaying a prominent power-law near-infrared continuum. For a quantitative analysis, models of radiation transfer in dusty media are fit on to the infrared photometry, revealing that the majority of galaxies are represented by high extinction, A(v) > 35, and for a large fraction (similar to 50 per cent) the SED turns over into the Rayleigh-Jeans regime at wavelengths longward of 90 mu m. For comparison, we also fit semi-empirical templates based on local galaxy data; however, these underestimate the far-infrared SED shape by a factor of at least 2 and in extreme cases up to 10 for the majority (similar to 70 per cent) of the sources. Further investigation of SED characteristics reveals that the mid-infrared (70/24 mu m) continuum slope is decoupled from various galaxy properties such as the total infrared luminosity and far-infrared peak, quantified by the L-160/L-70 ratio. In view of these results, we propose that these high-redshift galaxies have different properties to their local counterparts, in the sense that large amounts of dust cause heavy obscuration and are responsible for an additional cold emissive component, appearing as a far-infrared excess in their SEDs. C1 [Symeonidis, M.; Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Willner, S. P.; Huang, J. -S.; Fazio, G. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jarvis, M. J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sci & Technol Res Inst, Ctr Astrophys, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. RP Symeonidis, M (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Denys Wilkinson Bldg,Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM myrtos@astro.ox.ac.uk NR 65 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 2 BP 1015 EP 1028 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12899.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 274CZ UT WOS:000253980700038 ER PT J AU Hanna, D Acciari, VA Amini, R Badran, HM Blaylock, G Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Butt, Y Byrum, KL Celik, O Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Chow, YCK Cogan, P Colin, P Cul, W Daniel, MK Dowdall, C Dowkontt, P Duke, C Ergin, T Falcone, AD Fegan, DJ Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, LF Gall, D Gibbs, K Gillanders, G Glidewell, OJ Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hall, J Hays, E Holder, J Horan, D Hughes, SB Hui, CM Humensky, TB Imran, A Kaaret, P Kenny, GE Kertzman, M Kieda, D Kildea, J Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Lee, K Manseri, H McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nagai, T Niemiec, J Ogden, PA Ong, RA Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Pohlu, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Syson, A Toner, JA Valcarcel, L Vassiliev, VV Wagner, R Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A White, RJ Williams, DA Wissel, SA Wood, M Zitzer, B AF Hanna, D. Acciari, V. A. Amini, R. Badran, H. M. Blaylock, G. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Butt, Y. Byrum, K. L. Celik, O. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Chow, Y. C. K. Cogan, P. Colin, P. Cul, W. Daniel, M. K. Dowdall, C. Dowkontt, P. Duke, C. Ergin, T. Falcone, A. D. Fegan, D. J. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. F. Gall, D. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. Glidewell, O. J. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hall, J. Hays, E. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hughes, S. B. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Kenny, G. E. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Kildea, J. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Lee, K. Manseri, H. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nagai, T. Niemiec, J. Ogden, P. A. Ong, R. A. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pizlo, F. Pohlu, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Syson, A. Toner, J. A. Valcarcel, L. Vassiliev, V. V. Wagner, R. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. A. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. TI First results from VERITAS SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Roma International Conference on Astroparticle Physics CY JUN 20-22, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY DE gamma-ray astronomy; active galaxies; blazars; X-ray binaries ID ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; TELESCOPE; DISCOVERY; HESS; M87 AB VERITAS is an array of four, 12-m-diameter, Cherenkov telescopes, designed to explore the very-high-energy gamma-ray sky in the energy band between 100 GeV and 50 TeV. Its construction and commissioning have occurred over the past two years and the array has been taking scientific data with three or more telescopes since November 2006. We present results from observations made with VERITAS during the 1 past observing season, including new results on the distant blazar 1ES1218 + 304, the active galaxy M87 and the high-mass X-ray binary system LS I +61 303. We also describe the plans in place for the coming observing seasons. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanna, D.; Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Valcarcel, L.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Acciari, V. A.; Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Life Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Amini, R.; Buckley, J. H.; Dowkontt, P.; Krawczynski, H.; Lee, K.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Badran, H. M.] Tanta Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tanta 31527, Egypt. [Blaylock, G.; Ergin, T.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Daniel, M. K.; Glidewell, O. J.; Grube, J.; Rose, H. J.; Smith, A. W.; Syson, A.; White, R. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Butt, Y.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Byrum, K. L.; Hays, E.; Horan, D.; Wagner, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Celik, O.; Chow, Y. C. K.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G.; Kenny, G. E.; Lang, M. J.; Toner, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L. F.; Gyuk, G.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Colin, P.; Hall, J.; Hui, C. M.; Kieda, D.; LeBohec, S.; Manseri, H.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cul, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Konopelko, A.; Millis, J.; Pizlo, F.; Sembroski, G. H.; Zitzer, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Dowdall, C.; Fegan, S. J.; Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Falcone, A. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fortin, P.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Gibbs, K.; Perkins, J. S.; Roache, E.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Hays, E.; Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S. P.; Wakely, S. P.; Wissel, S. A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Imran, A.; Krennrich, F.; Nagai, T.; Niemiec, J.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kaaret, P.; Pandel, D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hanna, D (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM hanna@physics.mcgill.ca RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794 NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 588 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.01.020 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 295RF UT WOS:000255490900007 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF Fay, JM Parnell, RJ Sounguet, GP Formia, A Lee, ME AF Laurance, William F. Fay, J. Michael Parnell, Richard J. Sounguet, Guy-Philippe Formia, Angela Lee, Michelle E. TI Does rainforest logging threaten marine turtles? SO ORYX LA English DT Article DE Africa; beaches; Dermochelys coriacea; Gabon; leatherback; logging; marine turtle; nesting; rainforest ID LEATHERBACK TURTLES; SEA-TURTLES; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES AB Industrial logging is expanding rapidly in Central African rainforests. We suggest that logging operations in this region pose an indirect threat to nesting marine turtles, especially the Critically Endangered leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea. This occurs because some logs are being lost or abandoned during downriver transport to coastal timber yards; the lost logs float out to sea and then often wash ashore, where they accumulate on beaches used by nesting turtles. We used a light aircraft to survey logs along the entire coastline of Gabon, and also studied the impacts of logs at Pongara Beach, one of the world's most important turtle nesting areas, during the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 breeding seasons. Nearly 11,000 lost togs were counted along Gabon's beaches, with an estimated commercial value of USD 11.1 million. Logs were unevenly distributed along the coast, reaching a peak density of 247 logs km(-1). At Pongara, logs blocked 30.5% of the beach. These logs had a number of negative effects on marine turtles, causing 8-14% of all nesting attempts (n = 2,163) to be aborted or disrupted. Initiatives to remove lost logs and driftwood from critical nesting beaches may be the most effective means to reduce their deleterious impacts on threatened marine turtles. C1 [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Fay, J. Michael; Parnell, Richard J.; Formia, Angela] Wildlife Conservat Soc Gabon, Libreville, Gabon. [Sounguet, Guy-Philippe] Aventures Sans Frontieres, Libreville, Gabon. [Lee, Michelle E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM laurancew@si.edu RI Laurance, William/B-2709-2012 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0030-6053 J9 ORYX JI Oryx PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1017/S0030605308006625 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304RY UT WOS:000256127900016 ER PT J AU Arthur, KE Balazs, GH AF Arthur, Karen E. Balazs, George H. TI A comparison of immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) diets among seven sites in the main Hawaiian islands' SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; VARIABILITY; NUMBERS; GROWTH AB Understanding resource acquisition and feeding ecology of threatened species is integral to their conservation because diet is intimately linked with growth rate and reproductive output. We examined diets of immature green sea turtles, Chelonia mnydas (L.), from seven sites on the islands of Hawai'i, O'ahu, Moloka'i, and Lana'i in January and August 2003. Diet analysis was based on 191 samples collected from 181 live green turtles by stomach lavage. These samples were identified and quantified using dissection microscopy and the principles of microstereology. Diet of green turtles in the Main Hawaiian Islands was dominated by red algae, and diet items most commonly encountered were Acanthophora spicifera (an introduced species), Hypnea sp., Pterocladiella sp., and Cladophora sp. Sea grasses (Halophila hawaiiana and H. decipiens) were an important component of diet in turtles from Kane'ohe Bay. Content of green turtle diets differed among foraging grounds, and these differences may provide an insight into previously documented differences in turtle growth rates among sites. C1 [Arthur, Karen E.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Arthur, KE (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM arthur@si.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012 NR 41 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 16 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 2 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.2984/1534-6188(2008)62[205:ACOIGT]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 287VL UT WOS:000254944500004 ER PT J AU Wang, T Zhao, L Jiang, L Yelin, SF AF Wang, T. Zhao, L. Jiang, L. Yelin, S. F. TI Diffusion-induced decoherence of stored optical vortices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; LIGHT; PHOTONS; STORAGE; STATES AB We study the coherence properties of optical vortices stored in atomic ensembles. In the presence of thermal diffusion, the topological nature of stored optical vortices is found not to guarantee slow decoherence. Instead the stored vortex state's decoherence is surprisingly larger than the stored Gaussian mode. Furthermore, calculation of the coherence factor shows that the center of the stored vortex becomes completely incoherent once diffusion begins and, when a reading laser is applied, the optical intensity at the center of the vortex becomes nonzero. Its implication for quantum information is discussed. A comparison of classical diffusion and quantum diffusion is also presented. C1 [Wang, T.; Zhao, L.; Yelin, S. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Jiang, L.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yelin, S. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wang, T (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Jiang, Liang/A-9847-2008 OI Jiang, Liang/0000-0002-0000-9342 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 4 AR 043815 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.043815 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 295EF UT WOS:000255457100171 ER PT J AU Zhao, L Wang, T Xiao, Y Yelin, SF AF Zhao, L. Wang, T. Xiao, Y. Yelin, S. F. TI Image storage in hot vapors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; ATOMIC MEDIUM; LIGHT; PULSES AB We theoretically investigate image storage in hot atomic vapor. A so-called 4f system is adopted for imaging and an atomic vapor cell is placed over the transform plane. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of an object in the object plane can thus be transformed into atomic Raman coherence according to the idea of "light storage." We investigate how the stored diffraction pattern evolves under diffusion and discuss the essence of the stability of its dark spots. Our result indicates, under appropriate conditions, that an image can be reconstructed with high fidelity. The main reason for this procedure is the fact that diffusion of opposite-phase components of the diffraction pattern interferes destructively. C1 [Zhao, L.; Wang, T.; Yelin, S. F.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Xiao, Y.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yelin, S. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhao, L (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2008 VL 77 IS 4 AR 041802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.041802 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 295EF UT WOS:000255457100019 ER PT J AU Matsubara, S Krause, GH Seltmann, M Virgo, A Kursar, TA Jahns, P Winter, K AF Matsubara, Shizue Krause, G. Heinrich Seltmann, Martin Virgo, Aurelio Kursar, Thomas A. Jahns, Peter Winter, Klaus TI Lutein epoxide cycle, light harvesting and photoprotection in species of the tropical tree genus Inga SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carotene; lutein; non-photochemical quenching; photoacclimation; shade leaves; sun leaves; xanthophyll ID DEPENDENT ENERGY-DISSIPATION; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; XANTHOPHYLL-CYCLE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; HIGHER-PLANTS; SHADE LEAVES; YOUNG LEAVES; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; RAIN-FOREST; VIOLAXANTHIN AB Dynamics and possible function of the lutein epoxide (Lx) cycle, that is, the reversible conversion of Lx to lutein (L) in the light-harvesting antennae, were investigated in leaves of tropical tree species. Photosynthetic pigments were quantified in nine Inga species and species from three other genera. In Inga, Lx levels were high in shade leaves (mostly above 20 mmol mol(-1) chlorophyll) and low in sun leaves. In Virola surinamensis, both sun and shade leaves exhibited very high Lx contents (about 60 mmol mol(-1) chlorophyll). In Inga marginata grown under high irradiance, Lx slowly accumulated within several days upon transfer to deep shade. When shade leaves of I. marginata were briefly exposed to the sunlight, both violaxanthin and Lx were quickly de-epoxidized. Subsequently, overnight recovery occurred only for violaxanthin, not for Lx. In such leaves, containing reduced levels of Lx and increased levels of L, chlorophyll fluorescence induction showed significantly slower reduction of the photosystem II electron acceptor, Q(A), and faster formation as well as a higher level of non-photochemical quenching. The results indicate that slow Lx accumulation in Inga leaves may improve light harvesting under limiting light, while quick de-epoxidation of Lx to L in response to excess light may enhance photoprotection. C1 [Matsubara, Shizue; Seltmann, Martin] Res Ctr Julich, Phytosphere Inst ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Krause, G. Heinrich; Seltmann, Martin; Jahns, Peter] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Krause, G. Heinrich; Virgo, Aurelio; Kursar, Thomas A.; Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Kursar, Thomas A.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Matsubara, S (reprint author), Res Ctr Julich, Phytosphere Inst ICG 3, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM s.matsubara@fz-juelich.de RI Matsubara, Shizue/A-5673-2011 OI Matsubara, Shizue/0000-0002-1440-6496 NR 61 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 4 BP 548 EP 561 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01788.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 274DC UT WOS:000253981000011 PM 18208510 ER PT J AU Haro-Carrion, X Robinson, H AF Haro-Carrion, Xavier Robinson, Harold TI A review of the genus Critoniopsis in Ecuador (Vernonieae : Asteraceae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The genus Critoniopsis is found to have 18 species in Ecuador. The treatment includes the removal of a previously cited species for the country, C bogotana, the reduction of C sevillana to a variety of C floribunda, and the description of three new species: Critoniopsis cerulosa, C persetosa and C zamorensis. A key for identification of the currently credited species is provided and notes on the distribution and taxonomic problems are presented. C1 [Robinson, Harold] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Haro-Carrion, Xavier] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador, Escuela Ciencias Biol, Herbario QCA, Quito, Ecuador. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM xavierhc@gmail.com; robinsoh@si.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.2988/07-18.1 PG 18 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 284GW UT WOS:000254695900001 ER PT J AU Robinson, H Keeley, SC Skvarla, JJ Chan, R AF Robinson, Harold Keeley, Sterling C. Skvarla, John J. Chan, Raymund TI Studies on the Gymnantheminae (Vernonieae : Asteraceae) III: restoration of the genus Strobocalyx and the new genus Tarlmounia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID POLLEN MORPHOLOGY; COMPOSITAE; WORLD AB The genus Strobocalyx is resurrected from the synonymy of Gymnanthemum and Vernonia, and the genus Tarlmounia is described. Both of these Asian and Malaysian genera have distinct stylar nodes, blunt stylar hairs and specialized tricolporate, echinate pollen. Strobocalyx is typified by the Asian and Indonesian S. arborea, and combinations are provided for the 6 other East Asian and Malaysian species: Vernonia bockiana, V. chunii, V. esculenta., V. solan folia, V. sylvatica and V. vidalii. Tarlmounia contains only Vernonia elliptica. C1 [Robinson, Harold; Chan, Raymund] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, NHB 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Keeley, Sterling C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Skvarla, John J.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol & Oklahoma Biol Survey, Norman, OK 73018 USA. RP Robinson, H (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, NHB 166, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM robinsoh@si.edu; sterling@hawaii.edu; jskvarla@ou.edu; raymund@cal.berkeley.edu NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.2988/07-21.1 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 284GW UT WOS:000254695900002 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS Duggan, S AF Kornicker, Louis S. Duggan, Samantha TI A new species of Ostracoda from Princess Charlotte Bay, northeastern Australia (Crustacea : Ostracoda : Myodocopa : Cypridinidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB A new species of Paravargula is described from Princess Charlotte Bay, northeastern Australia. Members of the genus are widespread in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but the genus was not previously known from Australia. The genus is divided into the HIRSUTA and ARBOREA Groups and a key is presented to the species in the latter group, which contains Paravargula karenae, new species. C1 [Kornicker, Louis S.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Duggan, Samantha] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kornickl@si.edu; s.duggan@aims.gov.au NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.2988/07-24.1 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 284GW UT WOS:000254695900009 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI A new genus and species of buteonine hawk from Quaternary deposits in Bermuda (Aves : Accipitridae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID LATE PLEISTOCENE; FOSSIL EVIDENCE; SEA-LEVEL; STRATIGRAPHY; PHYLOGENY; RALLIDAE; RISE AB Bermuteo avivorus, new genus and species, is described from rare Quaternary fossils from the island of Bermuda. Although clearly referable to the Buteoninae, its relationships within that group are difficult to assess. Considerable size variation may be attributable to sexual dimorphism associated with bird-catching behavior. It is uncertain if the species survived into the historic period. Factors contributing to the rarity of hawk remains in the fossil record of Bermuda are discussed. One fragmentary ulna is from a larger hawk, possibly the Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, NHB MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, NHB MRC 116, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 121 IS 1 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.2988/07-27.1 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 284GW UT WOS:000254695900012 ER PT J AU Foster, GA Mathis, WN AF Foster, George A. Mathis, Wayne N. TI Review of the genus Tethina Haliday (Diptera : Canacidae : Tethininae) from western North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Tethina Haliday; Canacidae (Tethininae); beach flies; western North America AB Ten species of the genus Tethina Haliday from western North America are reviewed with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are illustrated. One new species (type locality in parenthesis) is described: Tethina sasakawai (California. San Diego: Camp Pendleton; 33 degrees 13.3'N, 117 degrees 24.5'W, beach). Tethina thula Sasakawa, which was described from specimens collected in Japan, is reported from Alaska. Four new synonymies are proposed: Rhicnoessa denudata Melander and Rhicnoessa lavendula Melander = Rhicnoessa angustipennis Melander; Tethina woodi Foster and Tethina steyskali Foster = Rhicnoessa milichioides Melander. Lectotypes are designated for the following five species' names: Tethina angustifrons Melander, Rhicnoessa angustipennis Melander, R. denudata Melander, R. lavendula Melander, and R. horripilans Melander. All species for which males are known are illustrated and distribution maps are provided. C1 [Foster, George A.; Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Foster, GA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM foster@alpha-mos.com; mathisw@si.edu NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 300 EP 330 DI 10.4289/07-059.1 PG 31 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282LB UT WOS:000254568200004 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, David R. TI Sawflies and woodwasps (Hymenoptera : Symphyta) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE survey; species list; Argidae; Cephidae; Cimbicidae; Diprionidae; Pamphiliidae; Pergidae; Siricidae; Tenthredinidae; Xiphydriidae; Xyelidae AB As a contribution to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a list of the 234 species of sawflies in 10 families collected in the park are presented. Localities in the park, numbers of specimens, inclusive dates of collection, inclusive altitudes, and host plants for each species are given. C1 USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.4289/07-054.1 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282LB UT WOS:000254568200010 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Wheeler, AG Steiner, WE AF Henry, Thomas J. Wheeler, A. G., Jr. Steiner, Warren E., Jr. TI First North American records of Amphiareus obscuriceps (Poppius) (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Anthocoridae), with a discussion of dead-leaf microhabitats SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera : Anthocoridae; Amphiareus obscuriceps; description; new records; North America; hosts; habitat; dead leaves ID INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; IN-SITU; PREY; LYCTOCORIDAE; CIMICOIDEA; PREDATORS; ANTWRENS; ECOLOGY; LEAVES; WHITE AB The anthocorid Amphiareus obscuriceps (Poppius) is reported for the first time from North America based on records from one Canadian province (Ontario), 14 U.S. states (Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia), and the District of Columbia. A diagnosis, description, adult photographs, and scanning electron photomicrographs are furnished to facilitate recognition, and the dead-leaf microhabitat, associated plants, and psocids and other potential prey of this species are discussed. C1 [Henry, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wheeler, A. G., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Steiner, Warren E., Jr.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM thomas.henry@ars.usda.gov; awhlr@clemson.edu; steinerw@si.edu NR 56 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 402 EP 416 DI 10.4289/07-043.1 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282LB UT WOS:000254568200013 ER PT J AU Flint, OS AF Flint, Oliver S., Jr. TI Studies of neotropical caddisflies, LXI: New species of Leptonema guerin (Trichoptera : Hydropsychidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE trichoptera; Leptonema; new species; South America ID RECORD AB Eight new species of the genus Leptonema are described from South America, bringing the total described New World species to 106. The males are described and their genitalia figured for all: Leptonema anomalum (Peru), L. bifurcatodes (Brazil), L. coronatum (Venezuela), L. cressae (Venezuela), L. line-aticorne (Peru, Brazil), L. macacu (Brazil), L. nubestre (Colombia), and L. sociale (Ecuador, Peru). C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Flint, OS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM flinto@si.edu NR 6 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 456 EP 469 DI 10.4289/07-042.1 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282LB UT WOS:000254568200018 ER PT J AU Passoa, S Balogh, G Solis, MA AF Passoa, Steven Balogh, George Solis, M. Alma TI Sitochroa palealis: A palearctic pyraustine moth (Lepidoptera : Pyraloidea : Crambidae) newly introduced to North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Pyraustinae; introduction; iminatures; North America; Apiaceae ID LAST-INSTAR LARVAE; PYRALIDAE AB Sitochroa palealis (Denis and Schiffermuller) is recorded from North America for the first time. Adults were collected in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Wisconsin. The capture of larvae and adults in four states over a six-year period is strong evidence that S. palealis is established in North America. Characters separating S. palealis from other Sitochroa in North America are given. The potential impact of S. palealis to prairies, agriculture, and biocontrol of noxious weeds is discussed. C1 [Passoa, Steven] Ohio State Univ, Museum Biodivers, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Solis, M. Alma] USDA ARS, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Passoa, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Museum Biodivers, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM steven.c.passoa@aphis.usda.gov; bugdr@chartermi.net; alma.solis@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 504 EP 515 DI 10.4289/07-089.1 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282LB UT WOS:000254568200023 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Deans, AR AF Smith, David R. Deans, Andrew R. TI Evaniella californica (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera : Evaniidae): A range extension and the first record of an evaniid in Oregon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Smith, David R.] USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Deans, Andrew R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; andy_deans@ncsu.edu OI Deans, Andrew/0000-0002-2119-4663 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 521 EP 522 DI 10.4289/07-086.1 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282LB UT WOS:000254568200026 ER PT J AU Rueda, LM Gao, Q AF Rueda, Leopoldo M. Gao, Qi TI New records of Anopheles belenrae Rueda (Diptera : Culicidae) in North Korea SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rueda, Leopoldo M.] Smithsonian Inst, WRAIR, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Gao, Qi] Jiangsu Inst Parasit Dis, Jiangsu 214064, Peoples R China. RP Rueda, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, WRAIR, Walter Reed Biosystemat Unit, MSC MRC 534,4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM ruedapol@si.edu NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2008 VL 110 IS 2 BP 523 EP 524 DI 10.4289/07-063.1 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 282LB UT WOS:000254568200027 ER PT J AU Aldenderfer, M Craig, NM Speakman, RJ Popelka-Filcoff, R AF Aldenderfer, Mark Craig, Nathan M. Speakman, Robert J. Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel TI Four-thousand-year-old gold artifacts from the Lake Titicaca basin, southern Peru SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE archaeology; archaic; metallurgy; Andes ID CENTRAL ANDES; HISTORY AB Artifacts of cold-hammered native gold have been discovered in a secure and undisturbed Terminal Archaic burial context at Jiskairumoko, a multicomponent Late Archaic-Early Formative period site in the southwestern Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. The burial dates to 3776 to 3690 carbon-14 years before the present (2155 to 1936 calendar years B.C.), making this the earliest worked gold recovered to date not only from the Andes, but from the Americas as well. This discovery lends support to the hypothesis that the earliest metalworking in the Andes was experimentation with native gold. The presence of gold in a society of low-level food producers undergoing social and economic transformations coincident with the onset of sedentary life is an indicator of possible early social inequality and aggrandizing behavior and further shows that hereditary elites and a societal capacity to create significant agricultural surpluses are not requisite for the emergence of metalworking traditions. C1 [Aldenderfer, Mark] Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Craig, Nathan M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Craig, Nathan M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Anthropol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Speakman, Robert J.] Museum Support Ctr, Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Archaeometry Lab, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Aldenderfer, M (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Anthropol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aldender@u.arizona.edu RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014; OI Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X; Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/0000-0001-6826-6401 NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 13 BP 5002 EP 5005 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710937105 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 284RO UT WOS:000254723700010 PM 18378903 ER PT J AU Smith, FA Lyons, SK Ernest, SKM Brown, JH AF Smith, Felisa A. Lyons, S. Kathleen Ernest, S. K. Morgan Brown, James H. TI Macroecology: more than the division of food and space among species on continents SO PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE biogeography; body size; metabolic theory; palaeoecology; range size; species abundance; species diversity ID BODY-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; LATITUDINAL DIVERSITY GRADIENT; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; HOME-RANGE AREA; METABOLIC-RATE; POPULATION-DENSITY; NEUTRAL THEORY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISHES AB Macroecology is a big-picture, statistical approach to the study of ecology. By focusing on broadly occurring patterns and processes operating at large spatial and temporal scales and ignoring localized and fine-scaled details, macroecology aims to uncover general mechanisms operating at organism, population and ecosystem levels of organization. Although such an approach is evident in writings dating from the mid- to late 1800s, not until 1989 was the domain of macroecology clearly articulated. Since then there has been an exponential growth in publications employing a macroecological perspective. Here we (1) briefly review the history of macroecology, with emphasis on cultural, scientific and technological innovations that made this approach possible, (2) highlight current developments in the field, including its increasing linkages with biogeography and other disciplines, and (3) point to likely future directions. We also touch upon methodological, statistical and institutional challenges faced by this and other highly interdisciplinary approaches. Our review of macroecology is especially timely, since it has been 20 years since the term was coined and the seminal paper published. C1 [Smith, Felisa A.; Brown, James H.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Lyons, S. Kathleen] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ernest, S. K. Morgan] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Smith, FA (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM fasmith@unm.edu RI Ernest, Morgan/A-4355-2008; Ernest, SK Morgan/O-2532-2015 OI Ernest, Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530; Ernest, SK Morgan/0000-0002-6026-8530 FU USA National Science Foundation [BIO-0541625] FX We thank P. Wagner for assistance in Figure 1, and members of the Research Coordination Network on Integrating Macroecological Pattern and Process across Scales for helpful discussion. This work was supported by a Research Coordination Network grant from the USA National Science Foundation (BIO-0541625). NR 181 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 45 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0309-1333 EI 1477-0296 J9 PROG PHYS GEOG JI Prog. Phys. Geogr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 32 IS 2 BP 115 EP 138 DI 10.1177/0309133308094425 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 345IG UT WOS:000258989200001 ER PT J AU Douglas, JG Yang, JC AF Douglas, Janet G. Yang JunChang TI Materials and technology of Chinese jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050-771 BCE) SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE jade; nephrite; stone; China; Western Zhou; scanning electron microscopy; materials; technology; tool marks AB Excavated jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050-771 BCE) from the Xi'an area in Shaanxi Province, China, and contemporaneous jades in the collections of the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution have been studied to learn about the jade and stone materials and how they were worked during the Western Zhou period. Materials identification was carried out using a combination of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tool marks were studied using stereomicroscopy and examination of mold impressions using scanning electron microscopy. All of these objects were produced through simple processes involving solid drilling, riffling, and sharp point abrasion; and no evidence was found for the use of rotary tools for incising or sawing. C1 [Douglas, Janet G.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Conservat & Sci Res, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Yang JunChang] State Adm Bur Cultural Heritage, Key Sci Res Base Conservat Stone & Brick Mat, Xian 710061, Peoples R China. [Yang JunChang] Shaanxi Archaeol Inst, Xian 710054, Peoples R China. RP Douglas, JG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Conservat & Sci Res, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM douglja@si.edu; junchangy@yahoo.com NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9321 J9 SCI CHINA SER E JI Sci. China Ser. E-Technol. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 51 IS 4 BP 467 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s11431-008-0036-6 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 279NT UT WOS:000254362600013 ER PT J AU Murphy, KR Field, MP Waite, TD Ruiz, GM AF Murphy, Kathleen R. Field, M. Paul Waite, T. David Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Trace elements in ships' ballast water as tracers of mid-ocean exchange SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE trace elements; tracers; ballast water exchange; seawater; biological invasions ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; NORTH PACIFIC; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETECTION; COASTAL SEAWATER; FLOW-INJECTION; SURFACE WATERS; ICP-MS; MANGANESE AB Recent regulation mandates that ships conduct mid-ocean ballast water exchange (BWE) prior to discharging foreign ballast in U.S. territorial waters. We investigated the utility of dissolved concentration measurements for 6 elements (Ba, P, Mn, U, V and Mo) in the ballast tanks of ships operating in the North Pacific and Atlantic oceans as tracers of mid-ocean BWE. Relatively conservative elements Me, U and V provided little additional information beyond that obtained from salinity, whereas nonconservative Ba, P and Mn offered greater resolution. The utility of Ba, P and Mn was further examined in the context of three criteria: (1) stability, or whether tracers maintain stable concentrations in ballast tanks over time; (2) fidelity, or the degree to which tracer concentrations in ballast tanks faithfully reflect concentrations at their ocean source; and (3) predictability, or the degree to which ballast tanks have a predictable and restricted range of tracer concentrations following BWE. We found that in water held in ballast tanks over time, average stability increased for Mn 21%>3%) and fidelity increased in the same direction. While Ba and P usually increased discrimination at high salinities, Mn was typically the most sensitive indicator of BWE and the presence of residual port water in partially exchanged tanks. Ba, P and Mn in tanks exchanged in the Atlantic exhibited different concentration ranges compared to tanks exchanged in the Pacific, suggesting that if trace elements are to be used to verify BWE, criteria for discriminating between exchanged and unexchanged ballast tanks may need to be basin-specific. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Murphy, Kathleen R.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Murphy, Kathleen R.; Waite, T. David] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Field, M. Paul] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Murphy, KR (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM murphyka@si.edu RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008; OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X NR 96 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 393 IS 1 BP 11 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.12.011 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278EM UT WOS:000254267000002 PM 18237765 ER PT J AU Samper, C AF Samper, Cristian TI Hello? Hello? (Daniel Fabricant) SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Samper, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD APR PY 2008 VL 39 IS 1 BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 280TB UT WOS:000254448000014 ER PT J AU Wagner, WL AF Wagner, W. L. TI Out of Hawaii: A remote archipelago as a source area SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wagner, W. L.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-6299 J9 S AFR J BOT JI S. Afr. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 382 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.123 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 298CY UT WOS:000255665200142 ER PT J AU Wen, J AF Wen, J. TI Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Vitaceae (the grape family) SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wen, J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0254-6299 J9 S AFR J BOT JI S. Afr. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2008 VL 74 IS 2 BP 382 EP 383 DI 10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.125 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 298CY UT WOS:000255665200144 ER PT J AU Luebert, F Wen, J AF Luebert, Federico Wen, Jun TI Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary diversification of Heliotropium sect. Cochranea (Heliotropiaceae) in the Atacama Desert SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Review DE arid environments; Boraginaceae; chloroplast DNA; divergence times; ITS; phylogeny ID ITS1 SEQUENCE DATA; NORTHERN CHILE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTH-AMERICA; BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; CHARACTER EVOLUTION; LIKELIHOOD APPROACH; VEGETATION HISTORY; DIVERGENCE TIMES AB Heliotropium sect. Cochranea (Heliotropiaceae) consists of 19 species endemic to the coastal Atacama Desert of Chile and Peru. This section has one of the most restricted geographic distributions and is the largest among the South American sections of Heliotropium. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of a total of 92 species using nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast ndhF, rps16, and trnL-trnF sequences, and estimated the divergence times of major lineages of the group. Our results suggest that Heliotropium sect. Cochranea is monophyletic. There are two main well-supported lineages within the section: one is H. pycnophyllum, which is sister to rest of the species in the section. Within this second lineage, H. filifolium, H. gluttinosum, H. krauseanum, and a large polytomous group composed of 15 species form a tetratomy. The age estimates using the penalized likelihood method suggests a minimum age of 14.0 +/- 2.0 My for section Cochranea, and 4.6 +/- 0.9 My for the large polytomous group within it. Heliotropium sect. Cochranea may have originated in the Miocene during the major uplift of the Andes, and then radiated in the Pliocene in the Atacama Desert. C1 [Luebert, Federico] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Dept Silviculture, Santiago, Chile. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wen, Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing 10093, Peoples R China. RP Luebert, F (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol Systemat Bot & Pflanzengeog, Altensteinstr 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM fluebert@zedat.fu-berlin.de RI Luebert, Federico/I-3246-2012 OI Luebert, Federico/0000-0003-2251-4056 NR 104 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 390 EP 402 DI 10.1600/036364408784571635 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 310CY UT WOS:000256507700017 ER PT J AU Schiffer, MB AF Schiffer, Michael Brian TI A cognitive analysis of component-stimulated invention - Electromagnet, telegraph, and the capitol dome's electric gas-lighter SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Article ID MODEL C1 [Schiffer, Michael Brian] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schiffer, Michael Brian] Smithsonian Inst, Lemelson Ctr, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Schiffer, MB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD APR PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 376 EP 398 PG 23 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 298DZ UT WOS:000255667900004 ER PT J AU Xu, XW Ke, WD Yu, XP Wen, J Ge, S AF Xu, Xin-wei Ke, Wei-dong Yu, Xiao-ping Wen, Jun Ge, Song TI A preliminary study on population genetic structure and phylogeography of the wild and cultivated Zizania latifolia (Poaceae) based on Adh1a sequences SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RICE ORYZA-RUFIPOGON; NUCLEOTIDE VARIATION; MULTILOCUS ANALYSIS; PLANT-POPULATIONS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; DIVERSITY; DOMESTICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; SATIVA; EVOLUTION AB Recent decades have witnessed growing interests in exploring the population genetics and phylogeography of crop plants and their wild relatives because of their important value as genetic resources. In this study, sequence variation of the nuclear Adh1a gene was used to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeographic pattern of the wild and cultivated Zizania latifolia Turcz. Sequence data were obtained from 126 individuals representing 21 wild populations in China and 65 varieties of the cultivated Zizania latifolia. Low to medium level nucleotide diversity was found in the wild populations, with northeastern populations being the most variable. We detected significant population subdivision (F-ST = 0.481) but no significant phylogeogaphical structure, suggesting limited gene flow and dispersal among populations. The current pattern of genetic variation in the wild populations might be explained by a fragmentation of ancient populations due to habitat destruction and degradation during recent decades. The heterogeneous levels and spatial apportionment of genetic diversity among wild populations also suggested a history of gradual colonization of Zizania latifolia populations from the northeast to the south of China. Interestingly, all 65 varieties of the cultivated Zizania latifolia possessed a single identical genotype, implying a single domestication associated with very few initial individuals. C1 [Xu, Xin-wei; Ge, Song] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Xu, Xin-wei] Wuhan Univ, Freshwater Ecol Field Stn Liangzi Lake, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Ke, Wei-dong] Wuhan Inst Vegetable Sci, Natl Garden Aquat Vegetable, Hubei 430065, Peoples R China. [Yu, Xiao-ping] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Plant Protect & Microbe Inst, Hangzhou 310021, Peoples R China. [Wen, Jun] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ge, Song] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. RP Ge, S (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolut Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM gesong@ibcas.ac.cn NR 54 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2008 VL 116 IS 6 BP 835 EP 843 DI 10.1007/s00122-008-0717-3 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 278DB UT WOS:000254262600010 PM 18283426 ER PT J AU Megonigal, JP Guenther, AB AF Megonigal, J. Patrick Guenther, Alex B. TI Methane emissions from upland forest soils and vegetation SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Traveling Workshop on Regional Forest Responses to Environmental Change CY OCT 06-13, 2006 CL Black Rock, NY SP Int Union Forest Res Org, Canopy Proc Working Grp DE aerobic methane emission; forest methane production ID METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TERRESTRIAL PLANTS; TROPICAL FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; PADDY SOIL; DEEP ROOTS; CONSUMPTION; OXIDATION AB Most work on methane (CH4) emissions from natural ecosystems has focused on wetlands because they are hotspots of CH4 production. Less attention has been directed toward upland ecosystems that cover far larger areas, but are assumed to be too dry to emit CH4. Here we review CH4 production and emissions in upland ecosystems, with attention to the influence of plant physiology on these processes in forests. Upland ecosystems are normally net sinks for atmospheric CH4 because rates of CH4 consumption exceed CH4 production. Production of CH4 in upland soils occurs in microsites and may be common in upland forest soils. Some forests switch from being CH4 sinks to CH4 sources depending on soil water content. Plant physiology influences CH4 cycling by modifying the availability of electron donors and acceptors in forest soils. Plants are the ultimate source of organic carbon (electron donor) that microbes process into CH4. The availability Of O-2 (electron acceptor) is sensitive to changes in soil water content, and therefore, to transpiration rates. Recently, abiotic production of CH4 from aerobic plant tissue was proposed, but has not yet been verified with independent data. If confirmed, this new source is likely to be a minor term in the global CH4 budget, but important to quantify for purposes of greenhouse gas accounting. A variety of observations suggest that our understanding of CH4 sources in upland systems is incomplete, particularly in tropical forests which are stronger sources then expected. C1 [Megonigal, J. Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Guenther, Alex B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Megonigal, JP (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM megonigalp@si.edu RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 NR 63 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1093/treephys/28.4.491 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 290LB UT WOS:000255123200003 PM 18244936 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, PA Lemaitre, R Ferrari, FD Felder, DL Bauer, RT AF McLaughlin, Patsy A. Lemaitre, Rafael Ferrari, Frank D. Felder, Darryl L. Bauer, R. T. TI A reply to TW Flegel SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Letter ID GENUS PENAEUS C1 [Lemaitre, Rafael; Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [McLaughlin, Patsy A.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Felder, Darryl L.; Bauer, R. T.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Lab Crustacean Res, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Felder, Darryl L.; Bauer, R. T.] Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. RP Lemaitre, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hermit@fidalgo.net; lemaitrr@si.edu; ferrarif@si.edu; dlf4517@lousiana.edu; rtbauer@lousiana.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 31 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1-4 BP 370 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.12.020 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291SW UT WOS:000255218100049 ER PT J AU Boomer, KMB Bedford, BL AF Boomer, Kathleen M. Bailey Bedford, Barbara L. TI Influence of nested groundwater systems on reduction-oxidation and alkalinity gradients with implications for plant nutrient availability in four New York fens SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; phosphorus; iron; sulfur; hydrogeologic setting ID FRESH-WATER WETLANDS; PALUSTRINE FORESTED WETLANDS; MINNESOTA RIVER-BASIN; PHOSPHORUS RETENTION; CALCAREOUS FENS; RIPARIAN ZONES; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; PHOSPHATE DYNAMICS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SULFATE AB This study compares hydrologic investigations of four New York fens designed to characterize spatial variability in groundwater flow (GWF) and the resulting hydrochemical patterns that influence plant nutrient availability. At the mart fen and two rich fen sites, hydrometric data and pore water samples collected from nested piezometers set along the GWF-path showed spatial patterns consistent with a mixing gradient established by the intersection of local (i.e., hill slope), relatively dilute groundwater discharge and mineral-rich groundwater discharged from a larger-scaled (i.e., intermediate) system. Distinct redox and carbonate gradients along the GWF-paths of three rich fens reflected strong interactions between groundwater supply of terminal electron acceptors and microbial processes affecting speciation of iron, nitrogen and phosphorus. Decreased nitrate concentrations, increased dissolved iron, and removal of sulfate along flowpaths indicated that redox conditions became more reduced as groundwater moved down-gradient. Nitrate removal occurred across the interface between the upland mineral soil and the organic-rich fen peat. Lack of ammonium accumulation indicated that denitrification limits N-supply to plants in down-gradient fen areas. Further down-gradient, sulfate-enriched groundwater discharge sustained sub-oxic conditions and enhanced phosphorus mobility through effects on iron-sulfur-phosphorus dynamics, alkalinity generation, and dissolution of mineral-bound P. In contrast, the poor fen was sustained by an isolated surficial groundwater system; a thick lacustrine clay aquitard limited intermediate or regional-scaled groundwater discharge. As a result, water table fluctuations were more responsive to short-term weather events and imposed the strongest influence on redox status. A redox gradient, evidenced by increasing iron and ammonium concentrations, extended downward with depth from the aerated peat surface. The dilute water supply and tack of additional internal alkalinity generation limited buffer capacity and decomposition. Overall, ammonium accumulation increased N-availability whereas reduced decomposition rates further limited P availability. Our results show that interaction of multiple GWF systems within the fens was the critical determinant of water table stability (rich fens) or fluctuation (poor fen), as well as the supply of dissolved ions that influence geochemical processes affecting plant nutrient availability. Together these factors accounted directly or indirectly for observed spatial patterns in redox and alkalinity gradients, which in turn controlled speciation of phosphorus-reactive minerals. Differences among fens in spatial patterns could be accounted for by differences in the geomorphometry of the basins within which the fens developed and the stratigraphy and hydraulic characteristics of underlying sediments. Results suggest that Fe-S dynamics, rather than carbonate precipitation, likely influences inorganic phosphorus pools and release mechanisms. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Boomer, Kathleen M. Bailey; Bedford, Barbara L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Boomer, KMB (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM boomerk@Sl.edu NR 95 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 30 PY 2008 VL 351 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.003 PG 19 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 275TS UT WOS:000254095100009 ER PT J AU Pollio, A De Natale, A Appetiti, E Aliotta, G Touwaide, A AF Pollio, A. De Natale, A. Appetiti, E. Aliotta, G. Touwaide, A. TI Continuity and change in the Mediterranean medical tradition: Ruta spp. (rutaceae) in Hippocratic medicine and present practices SO JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corpus Hippocraticum; ethnobotany; traditional plant use; medicinal plants ID PHARMACEUTICAL ETHNOBOTANY; IBERIAN PENINSULA; ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL SURVEY; PROVINCE TURKEY; MATERIA-MEDICA; FOLK MEDICINE; DRUGS SOLD; PLANTS; CATALONIA; CAMPANIA AB Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ruta is a genus of Rutaceae family. It features mainly shrubby plants, native to the Mediterranean region and present in traditional medicine of this region since Antiquity. The three most diffused species Ruta chalepensis L., Ruta graveolens L., and Ruta montana (L.) L., are morphologically poorly differentiated and were probably interchangeably used during Antiquity. Aim of the study: Hippocratic and contemporary medical applications of the Ruta genus in the Mediterranean were compared to check if they result from a continuity of use from the ancient times to nowadays. Results: Ruta spp. was mainly employed in medical preparations by Hippocratic physicians as an abortifacient and emmenagogue. In addition to gynaecological conditions, in several treatises of the Corpus Hippocraticum Ruta spp. were also recommended as a specific remedy against pulmonary diseases. Ruta spp. leaves and also roots and seeds, were administered for internal use by Hippocratic physicians after having been soaked in wine or mixed with honey or its derivatives. Contemporary traditional uses of Ruta spp. have been assessed in detail in the whole Mediterranean area. Conclusion: Nowadays, Ruta spp. is used to treat different conditions but, as a general rule, the external uses are preferred as the toxicity of the plant is widely acknowledged. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Appetiti, E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Pollio, A.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Biol, Sez Biol Vegetale, I-80139 Naples, Italy. [De Natale, A.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento ArBoPaVe, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. [Aliotta, G.] Univ Naples 2, Dipartimento Sci Vita, Caserta, Italy. RP Touwaide, A (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM touwaida@si.edu NR 91 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-8741 J9 J ETHNOPHARMACOL JI J. Ethnopharmacol. PD MAR 28 PY 2008 VL 116 IS 3 BP 469 EP 482 DI 10.1016/j.jep.2007.12.013 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 288CJ UT WOS:000254963500012 PM 18276094 ER PT J AU Faisal, FHM Abdurrouf, A AF Faisal, F. H. M. Abdurrouf, A. TI Interplay of polarization geometry and rotational dynamics in high-order harmonic generation from coherently rotating linear molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Recent reports on intense-field pump-probe experiments for high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from coherently rotating linear molecules have revealed remarkable characteristic effects of the simultaneous variation of the polarization geometry and the time delay on the high-order harmonic signals. We analyze the effects and give a unified theoretical account of the experimental observations. Furthermore, characteristic behavior at critical polarization angles are found that can help to identify the molecular orbital symmetry in connection with the problem of molecular imaging from the HHG data. C1 [Faisal, F. H. M.; Abdurrouf, A.] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Faisal, F. H. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Faisal, FHM (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, Postfach 100131, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 12 AR 123005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.123005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 281CK UT WOS:000254473800023 PM 18517862 ER PT J AU Filley, TR McCormick, MK Crow, SE Szlavecz, K Whigham, DF Johnston, CT van den Heuvel, RN AF Filley, Timothy R. McCormick, Melissa K. Crow, Susan E. Szlavecz, Katalin Whigham, Dennis F. Johnston, Cliff T. van den Heuvel, Ronald N. TI Comparison of the chemical alteration trajectory of Liriodendron tulipifera L. leaf litter among forests with different earthworm abundance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NORTHERN TEMPERATE FORESTS; GEOPHAGOUS EARTHWORMS; DECOMPOSITION RATES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; EXOTIC EARTHWORMS; AQUEOUS EXTRACTS AB To investigate the control of earthworm populations on leaf litter biopolymer decay dynamics, we analyzed the residues of Liriodendron tulipifera L. ( tulip poplar) leaves after six months of decay, comparing open surface litter and litter bag experiments among forests with different native and invasive earthworm abundances. Six plots were established in successional tulip poplar forests where sites varied in earthworm density and biomass, roughly 4 - 10 fold, of nonnative lumbricid species. Analysis of residues by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and alkaline CuO extraction indicated that open decay in sites with abundant earthworms resulted in residues depleted in cuticular aliphatic and polysaccharide components and enriched in ether- linked lignin relative to open decay in low earthworm abundance plots. Decay within earthworm-excluding litter bags resulted in an increase in aliphatic components relative to initial amendment and similar chemical trajectory to low earthworm open decay experiments. All litter exhibited a decline in cinnamyl- based lignin and an increase in nitrogen content. The influence of earthworm density on the chemical trajectory of litter decay was primarily a manifestation of the physical separation and concentration of lignin- rich and cutin- poor petioles with additional changes promoted by either microorganisms and/ or mesofauna resulting in nitrogen addition and polysaccharide loss. These results illustrate how projected increases in invasive earthworm activity in northern North American forests could alter the chemical composition of organic matter in litter residues and potentially organic matter reaching the soil which may result in shifts in the aromatic and aliphatic composition of soils in different systems. C1 [Filley, Timothy R.; Crow, Susan E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Filley, Timothy R.; Crow, Susan E.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Johnston, Cliff T.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron Crop Soil & Environm Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McCormick, Melissa K.; Whigham, Dennis F.; van den Heuvel, Ronald N.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Filley, TR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM filley@purdue.edu RI Filley, Timothy/A-9862-2009; Johnston, Cliff/B-2215-2009; OI Johnston, Cliff/0000-0002-8462-9724; Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298; Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X NR 80 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD MAR 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS G1 AR G01027 DI 10.1029/2007JG000542 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 281XT UT WOS:000254532900001 ER PT J AU Bolton, B Sosa-Calvo, J Fernandez, F Lattke, JE AF Bolton, Barry Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey Fernandez, Fernando Lattke, John E. TI New synonyms in neotropical Myrmicine ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Bolton, Barry] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Maryland Ctr Systemat Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, NHB, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Fernandez, Fernando] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, Colombia. [Lattke, John E.] Cent Univ Venezuela, Museo Inst Zool Agricola, Maracay 2101A, Venezuela. RP Bolton, B (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM boltons@breatheconnect.com; sossajef@si.edu; ffernandezca@unal.edu.co; piquihuye@fastmail.fm RI Lattke, John/K-2934-2015 OI Lattke, John/0000-0002-6793-3003 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 25 PY 2008 IS 1732 BP 61 EP 64 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 282GS UT WOS:000254556400005 ER PT J AU Stark, G Lewis, BR Heays, AN Yoshino, K Smith, PL Ito, K AF Stark, G. Lewis, B. R. Heays, A. N. Yoshino, K. Smith, P. L. Ito, K. TI Oscillator strengths and line widths of dipole-allowed transitions in N-14(2) between 89.7 and 93.5 nm SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION ABSORPTION; TITANS UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION; VUV SPECTROSCOPIC FACILITY; SINGLET UNGERADE STATES; MOLECULAR NITROGEN; ELECTRON-IMPACT; EUV EMISSION; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; VACUUM-UV AB Line oscillator strengths in the 20 electric dipole-allowed bands of N-14(2) in the 89.7-93.5 nm (111480-106950 cm(-1)) region are reported from photoabsorption measurements at an instrumental resolution of similar to 6 mA (0.7 cm(-1)) full width at half maximum. The absorption spectrum comprises transitions to vibrational levels of the 3p sigma(u) c(4)(') (1)Sigma(+)(u), 3p pi(u) c(3) (1)Pi(u), and 3s sigma(g) o(3) (1)Pi(u) Rydberg states and of the b(') (1)Sigma(+)(u) and b (1)Pi(u) valence states. The J dependences of band f values derived from the experimental line f values are reported as polynomials in J(')(J(')+1) and are extrapolated to J(')=0 in order to facilitate comparisons with results of coupled Schrodinger-equation calculations. Most bands in this study are characterized by a strong J dependence of the band f values and display anomalous P-, Q-, and R-branch intensity patterns. Predissociation line widths, which are reported for 11 bands, also exhibit strong J dependences. The f value and line width patterns can inform current efforts to develop comprehensive spectroscopic models that incorporate rotational effects and predissociation mechanisms, and they are critical for the construction of realistic atmospheric radiative-transfer models. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Stark, G.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Phys, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Lewis, B. R.; Heays, A. N.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Yoshino, K.; Smith, P. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ito, K.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Photon Factory, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Stark, G (reprint author), Wellesley Coll, Dept Phys, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. EM gstark@wellesley.edu NR 62 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 11 AR 114302 DI 10.1063/1.2834933 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 278NB UT WOS:000254292500022 PM 18361566 ER PT J AU Pont, F Knutson, H Gilliland, RL Moutou, C Charbonneau, D AF Pont, F. Knutson, H. Gilliland, R. L. Moutou, C. Charbonneau, D. TI Detection of atmospheric haze on an extrasolar planet: the 0.55-1.05 mu m transmission spectrum of HD 189733b with the Hubble Space Telescope SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; planetary systems; techniques : spectroscopic ID DIRTY DUST GRAINS; ROTATION PERIOD; 209458B; SEARCH; ABSORPTION; HD-189733; EXOSPHERE; TRANSITS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB The nearby transiting planet HD 189733b was observed during three transits with the Advanced Camera for Surveys of the Hubble Space Telescope in spectroscopic mode. The resulting time-series of 675 spectra covers the 550-1050 nm range, with a resolution element of similar to 8 nm, at extremely high accuracy (signal-to-noise ratio up to 10 000 in 50-nm intervals in each individual spectrum). Using these data, we disentangle the effects of limb darkening, measurement systematics and spots on the surface of the host star, to calculate the wavelength dependence of the effective transit radius to an accuracy of similar to 50 km. This constitutes the 'transmission spectrum' of the planetary atmosphere. It indicates at each wavelength at what height the planetary atmosphere becomes opaque to the grazing stellar light during the transit. In this wavelength range, strong features due to sodium, potassium and water are predicted by atmosphere models for a planet like HD 189733b, but they can be hidden by broad absorption from clouds or hazes higher up in the atmosphere. We observed an almost featureless transmission spectrum between 550 and 1050 nm, with no indication of the expected sodium or potassium atomic absorption features. Comparison of our results with the transit radius observed in the near and mid-infrared (2-8 mu m), and the slope of the spectrum, suggest the presence of a haze of submicrometre particles in the upper atmosphere of the planet. C1 [Pont, F.] Geneva Univ Observ, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Knutson, H.; Charbonneau, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gilliland, R. L.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Moutou, C.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. RP Pont, F (reprint author), Geneva Univ Observ, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. EM frederic.pont@obs.unige.ch NR 38 TC 218 Z9 219 U1 5 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 1 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.12852.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287KR UT WOS:000254916500007 ER PT J AU Brough, S Couch, WJ Collins, CA Jarrett, T Burke, DJ Mann, RG AF Brough, S. Couch, W. J. Collins, C. A. Jarrett, T. Burke, D. J. Mann, R. G. TI The luminosity-halo mass relation for brightest cluster galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; galaxies : elliptical and lenticular, cD; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation ID BAND HUBBLE DIAGRAM; OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; NONPARAMETRIC MODEL; HALO/SUBHALO MASS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; RED GALAXIES; EVOLUTION; CATALOG; GEMS; MERGERS AB We examine the central galaxy luminosity-host halo mass relation for 54 brightest group galaxies (BGGs) and 92 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at z < 0.1 and present the first measurement of this relation for a sample of known BCGs at 0.1 < z < 0.8((z)over bar similar to 0.3). At z < 0.1 we find L-K alpha M-200(0.24 +/- 0.08) for the BCGs and the early-type BGGs in groups with extended X-ray emission and L-K alpha M-200(0.11 +/- 10) for the BCGs alone. At 0.1 < z < 0.8 we find L-K alpha M-200(0.28 +/- 0.11). We conclude that there is no evidence for evolution in this relationship between z < 0.1 and z < 0.8: BCG growth appears to still be limited by the time-scale for dynamical friction at these earlier times, not proceeding according to the predictions of present semianalytic models. C1 Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Edinburgh, SUPA, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3NJ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Brough, S (reprint author), Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Supercomp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. EM sbrough@astron.swin.edu.au OI Burke, Douglas/0000-0003-4428-7835 NR 48 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 1 BP L103 EP L107 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00442.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287KR UT WOS:000254916500066 ER PT J AU Nardini, E Risaliti, G Salvati, M Sani, E Imanishi, M Marconi, A AF Nardini, E. Risaliti, G. Salvati, M. Sani, E. Imanishi, M. Marconi, A. TI Spectral decomposition of starbursts and active galactic nuclei in 5-6 mu m Spitzer-IRS spectra of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROGRAPH; SAMPLE; QUASAR; AGNS AB We present an analysis of the 5-8 mu m Spitzer-IRS spectra of a sample of 68 local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs). Our diagnostic technique allows a clear separation of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) and starburst (SB) components in the observed mid-infrared emission, and a simple analytic model provides a quantitative estimate of the AGN/SB contribution to the bolometric luminosity. We show that AGN are approximate to 30 times brighter at 6 mu m than SBs with the same bolometric luminosity, so that even faint AGN can be detected. Star formation events are confirmed as the dominant power source for extreme IR activity, since approximate to 85 per cent of ULIRG luminosity arises from the SB component. None the less an AGN is present in the majority (46/68) of our sources. C1 Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Nardini, E (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, L go E Fermi 2, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM nardini@arcetri.astro.it RI Marconi, Alessandro/C-5880-2009 OI Marconi, Alessandro/0000-0002-9889-4238 NR 25 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 385 IS 1 BP L130 EP L134 DI 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00450.x PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287KR UT WOS:000254916500072 ER PT J AU Robbers, G Afshordi, N Doran, M AF Robbers, Georg Afshordi, Niayesh Doran, Michael TI Does the planck mass run on the cosmological-horizon scale? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LUMINOUS RED GALAXIES; GRAVITATIONAL CONSTANT; GRAVITY AB Einstein's theory of general relativity contains a universal value of the Planck mass. However, one may envisage that in alternative theories of gravity the effective value of the Planck mass (or Newton's constant), which quantifies the coupling of matter to metric perturbations, can run on the cosmological-horizon scale. In this Letter, we study the consequences of a glitch in the Planck mass from subhorizon to superhorizon scales. We show that current cosmological observations severely constrain this glitch to less than 1.2%. C1 [Robbers, Georg; Doran, Michael] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Afshordi, Niayesh] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Afshordi, Niayesh] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. RP Robbers, G (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM g.robbers@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de; nafshordi@perimeterinstitute.ca; M.Doran@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 11 AR 111101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.111101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 278MZ UT WOS:000254292300013 PM 18517773 ER PT J AU Richmond, BG Jungers, WL AF Richmond, Brian G. Jungers, William L. TI Orrorin tugenensis femoral morphology and the evolution of hominin bipedalism SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALOPITHECUS-AFARENSIS; FEMUR; ORIGIN; KENYA; ENERGETICS; LUKEINO; MIOCENE; WALKING; LENGTH; GAIT AB Bipedalism is a key human adaptation and a defining feature of the hominin clade. Fossil femora discovered in Kenya and attributed to Orrorin tugenensis, at 6 million years ago, purportedly provide the earliest postcranial evidence of hominin bipedalism, but their functional and phylogenetic affinities are controversial. We show that the O. tugenensis femur differs from those of apes and Homo and most strongly resembles those of Australopithecus and Paranthropus, indicating that O. tugenensis was bipedal but is not more closely related to Homo than to Australopithecus. Femoral morphology indicates that O. tugenensis shared distinctive hip biomechanics with australopiths, suggesting that this complex evolved early in human evolution and persisted for almost 4 million years until modifications of the hip appeared in the late Pliocene in early Homo. C1 [Richmond, Brian G.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Richmond, Brian G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Jungers, William L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anatom Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Richmond, BG (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, Dept Anthropol, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM brich@gwu.edu NR 31 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 20 U2 97 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 21 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5870 BP 1662 EP 1665 DI 10.1126/science.1154197 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 276VR UT WOS:000254172300040 PM 18356526 ER PT J AU Di Matteo, T Colberg, J Springel, V Hernquist, L Sijacki, D AF Di Matteo, Tiziana Colberg, Joerg Springel, Volker Hernquist, Lars Sijacki, Debora TI Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : active; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; hydrodynamics; quasars : general ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; DARK-MATTER UNIVERSE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; QUASAR LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; VELOCITY IONIZED OUTFLOW; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; BH-SIGMA RELATION; STAR-FORMATION; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES AB We investigate the coupled formation and evolution of galaxies and their embedded supermassive black holes using state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations of cosmological structure formation. For the first time, we self-consistently follow the dark matter dynamics, radiative gas cooling, and star formation, as well as BH growth and associated feedback processes, starting directly from initial conditions appropriate for the Lambda CDM cosmology. Our modeling of the black hole physics is based on an approach that we have developed in simulations of isolated galaxy mergers. Here we examine (1) the predicted global history of BH mass assembly, (2) the evolution of the local black hole-host mass correlations, and (3) the conditions that allow rapid growth of the first quasars, and the properties of their hosts and descendants today. We find a total BH mass density in good agreement with observational estimates. The BH accretion rate density peaks at lower redshift and evolves more strongly at high redshift than the star formation rate density, but the ratio of black hole to stellar mass density shows only a moderate evolution at low redshifts. We find strong correlations between BH masses and properties of the stellar systems, agreeing well with the measured local MBH-sigma and MBH-M* relationships, but also suggesting (dependent on the mass range) a weak evolution with redshift in the normalization and the slope. Our simulations also produce massive black holes at high redshift, due to extended periods of exponential growth in regions that collapse early and exhibit strong gas inflows. These first supermassive BH systems, however, are not necessarily the most massive ones today, since they are often overtaken in growth by quasars that form later. C1 [Di Matteo, Tiziana; Colberg, Joerg] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Springel, Volker; Sijacki, Debora] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Munich, Germany. [Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Di Matteo, T (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Di Matteo, Tiziana/O-4762-2014 OI Di Matteo, Tiziana/0000-0002-6462-5734 NR 113 TC 280 Z9 280 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 33 EP 53 DI 10.1086/524921 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100003 ER PT J AU Morgan, CW Eyler, ME Kochanek, CS Morgan, ND Falco, EE Vuissoz, C Courbin, F Meylan, G AF Morgan, Christopher W. Eyler, Michael E. Kochanek, C. S. Morgan, Nicholas D. Falco, Emilio E. Vuissoz, C. Courbin, F. Meylan, G. TI Simultaneous estimation of time delays and quasar structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion,accretion disks; cosmology : observations; dark matter; gravitational lensing; quasars : general ID GRAVITATIONAL LENS; LIGHT CURVES; DARK-MATTER; BLACK-HOLES; HE-1104-1805; GALAXIES; COSMOGRAIL AB We expand our Bayesian Monte Carlo method for analyzing the light curves of gravitationally lensed quasars to simultaneously estimate time delays and the sizes of quasar continuum emission regions including their mutual uncertainties. We apply the method to HE1104 - 1805 and QJ0158 - 4325, two doubly imaged quasars with microlensing and intrinsic variability on comparable timescales. For HE1104 - 1805 the resulting time delay of Delta t(AB) = t(A) - t(B) = 162: 2(-5.9)(+6: 3) days and accretion disk size estimate of log {(r(s)/cm) cos (i)/ 0:5](1/2) = 15:7(-0.5)(+0.4) at 0.2 mu m in the rest frame and for inclination i are consistent with earlier estimates but suggest that existing methods for estimating time delays in the presence of microlensing underestimate the uncertainties. We are unable to measure a time delay for QJ0158 - 4325, but the accretion disk size is log[(r(s)/cm) [cos(i)/ 0: 5](1/2) = 14: 9 +/- 0: 3 at 0.3 mu m in the rest frame. C1 [Morgan, Christopher W.; Eyler, Michael E.] USN Acad, Dept Phys, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Morgan, Christopher W.; Kochanek, C. S.; Morgan, Nicholas D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Courbin, F.; Meylan, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Astrophys Lab, CH-1290 Chavannes Des Bois, Switzerland. RP Morgan, CW (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM cmorgan@usna.edu; m082022@usna.edu; ckochanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; nmorgan@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; efalco@cfa.harvard.edu NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1086/527371 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100006 ER PT J AU Landt, H Padovani, P Giommi, P Perri, M Cheung, CC AF Landt, Hermine Padovani, Paolo Giommi, Paolo Perri, Matteo Cheung, Chi C. TI A search for synchrotron x-ray emission in radio quasars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; quasars : general; radiation mechanisms : nonthermal; X-rays : galaxies ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BLACK-HOLE MASSES; HOST GALAXIES; BLAZAR SURVEY; LOUD QUASARS; VARIABILITY; SAMPLE AB This paper presents XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray spectroscopy of 10 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) that are candidates to have an X-ray spectrum dominated by jet synchrotron emission. In all these FSRQ, which are less strongly relativistically beamed than blazars, a considerable contribution from a power-law component similar to that present in radio-quiet quasars is required to explain the observed X-ray fluxes and X-ray spectral slopes. As in radio-quiet quasars, their relatively high optical/UV fluxes can be accounted for by a significant contribution from thermal accretion disk emission. The lack of success in finding radio quasars with synchrotron X-rays is attributed to the adopted selection criteria, which were based on the multiwavelength flux ratios of BL Lacertae objects. A refined selection technique, which also involves radio imaging, is proposed to search for these important candidates with the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST). On the other hand, the discovered FSRQ with their strong accretion disk signatures are expected to be important probes for studying the poorly understood accretion disk-jet connection. C1 [Landt, Hermine] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Padovani, Paolo] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Giommi, Paolo; Perri, Matteo] ESRIN, ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Cheung, Chi C.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Landt, H (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Padovani, Paolo/0000-0002-4707-6841; Perri, Matteo/0000-0003-3613-4409 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1086/527531 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100007 ER PT J AU Assef, RJ Kochanek, CS Brodwin, M Brown, MJI Caldwell, N Cool, RJ Eisenhardt, P Eisenstein, D Gonzalez, AH Jannuzi, BT Jones, C McKenzie, E Murray, SS Stern, D AF Assef, R. J. Kochanek, C. S. Brodwin, M. Brown, M. J. I. Caldwell, N. Cool, R. J. Eisenhardt, P. Eisenstein, D. Gonzalez, A. H. Jannuzi, B. T. Jones, C. McKenzie, E. Murray, S. S. Stern, D. TI Low-resolution spectral templates for galaxies from 0.2 to 10 mu m SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : distances and redshifts; galaxies : luminosity function, mass function; galaxies : photometry ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INFRARED ARRAY CAMERA; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; BROAD-BAND PHOTOMETRY; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES; IRAC SHALLOW SURVEY; WIDE-FIELD SURVEY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS AB We built an optimal basis of low- resolution templates for galaxies over the wavelength range from 0.2 to 10 mu m using a variant of the algorithm presented by Budavari and coworkers. We derived them using 11 bands of photometry from the NDWFS, FLAMEX, zBootes, and IRAC Shallow surveys for 16,033 galaxies in the NDWFS Bootes field with spectroscopic redshifts measured by the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey. We also developed algorithms to accurately determine photometric redshifts, K-corrections, and bolometric luminosities using these templates. Our photometric redshifts have an accuracy of sigma(z)/(1+z) = 0.04 when clipped to the best 95%. We used these templates to study the spectral type distribution in the field and to estimate luminosity functions of galaxies as a function of redshift and spectral type. In particular, we note that the 5 - 8 mu m color distribution of galaxies is bimodal, much like the optical g - r colors. C1 [Assef, R. J.; Kochanek, C. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brodwin, M.; Eisenhardt, P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Brown, M. J. I.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Caldwell, N.; Murray, S. S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cool, R. J.; Eisenstein, D.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85121 USA. [Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jannuzi, B. T.] Kitt Peak Natl Observ, Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [McKenzie, E.] Colgate Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, NY 13346 USA. RP Assef, RJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Brown, Michael/B-1181-2015 OI Brown, Michael/0000-0002-1207-9137 NR 63 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 286 EP 303 DI 10.1086/527533 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100020 ER PT J AU Alcala, JM Spezzi, L Chapman, N Evans, NJ Huard, TL Jorgensen, JK Merin, B Stapelfeldt, KR Covino, E Frasca, A Gandolfi, D Oliveira, I AF Alcala, Juan M. Spezzi, Loredana Chapman, Nicholas Evans, Neal J. Huard, Tracy L. Jorgensen, Jes K. Merin, Bruno Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Covino, Elvira Frasca, Antonio Gandolfi, Davide Oliveira, Isa TI The Spitzer c2d survey of large, nearby, interstellar clouds. X. The Chamaeleon II pre-main-sequence population as observed with IRAC and MIPS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE circumstellar matter; infrared : stars; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : low-mass; brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID T-TAURI STARS; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; HERBIG-HARO OBJECTS; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MASS-LOSS RATES; DARK-CLOUD; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; FORMING REGION; BROWN DWARF AB We discuss the results from the combined IRAC and MIPS c2d Spitzer Legacy survey observations and complementary optical and NIR data of the Chamaeleon II (Cha II) dark cloud. We perform a census of the young population in an area of similar to 1.75 deg(2) and study the spatial distribution and properties of the cloud members and candidate pre-main-sequence (PMS) objects and their circumstellar matter. Our census is complete down to the substellar regime (M approximate to 0.03 M-circle dot). From the analysis of the volume density of the PMS objects and candidates we find two groups of objects with volume densities higher than 25 M-circle dot pc(-3) and 5-10 members each. A multiplicity fraction of about 13% +/- 3% is observed for objects with separations 0.8 '' < theta < 6.0 '' (142-1065 AU). No evidence for variability between the two epochs of the c2d IRAC data set, Delta t similar to 6 hr, is detected. We estimate a star formation efficiency of 1%-4%, consistent with the estimates for Taurus and Lupus, but lower than for Cha I. This might mean that different star formation activities in the Chamaeleon clouds reflect a different history of star formation. We also find that Cha II is turning some 6-7 M-circle dot into stars every Myr, which is low in comparison with the star formation rate in other c2d clouds. The disk fraction of 70%-80% that we estimate in Cha II is much higher than in other star-forming regions and indicates that the population in this cloud is dominated by objects with active accretion. Finally, the Cha II outflows are discussed; a new Herbig-Haro outflow, HH 939, driven by the classical T Tauri star Sz 50, has been discovered. C1 [Alcala, Juan M.; Spezzi, Loredana; Covino, Elvira] Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Spezzi, Loredana; Frasca, Antonio; Gandolfi, Davide] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, I-95123 Catania, Italy. [Chapman, Nicholas] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Evans, Neal J.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Huard, Tracy L.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jorgensen, Jes K.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Merin, Bruno] European Space Agcy, Res & Sci Support Dept ESTEC, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Merin, Bruno; Oliveira, Isa] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Stapelfeldt, Karl R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Oliveira, Isa] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Alcala, JM (reprint author), Osserv Astron Capodimonte, INAF, I-80131 Naples, Italy. EM alcala@oacn.inaf.it; chapman@astro.umd.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; thuard@cfa.harvard.edu; jes@astro.uni-bonn.de; bmerin@rssd.esa.int; krs@exoplanet.jpl.nasa.gov; afr@oact.inaf.it; isa@gps.caltech.edu RI Stapelfeldt, Karl/D-2721-2012; OI Alcala, Juan Manuel/0000-0001-8657-095X; Frasca, Antonio/0000-0002-0474-0896; Covino, Elvira/0000-0002-6187-6685; Gandolfi, Davide/0000-0001-8627-9628; Merin, Bruno/0000-0002-8555-3012 NR 114 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 427 EP 463 DI 10.1086/527315 PG 37 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100033 ER PT J AU Shafee, R Narayan, R McClintock, JE AF Shafee, Rebecca Narayan, Ramesh McClintock, Jeffrey E. TI Viscous torque and dissipation in the inner regions of a thin accretion disk: Implications for measuring black hole spin SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries : close; black hole physics; X-rays : stars ID X-RAY REFLECTION; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STABLE ORBIT; HIGH-STATE; SPECTRA; INSTABILITY; BINARIES; GRS-1915+105; EMISSION AB We consider a simple Newtonian model of a steady accretion disk around a black hole. The model is based on height-integrated hydrodynamic equations, alpha-viscosity, and a pseudo-Newtonian potential which results in an innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) that closely approximates the one predicted by general relativity. We find that, as the disk thickness H/R or the value of alpha increases, the hydrodynamic model exhibits increasing deviations from the standard thin disk model of Shakura and Sunyaev. The latter is an analytical model in which the viscous torque is assumed to vanish at the ISCO. We consider the implications of the results for attempts to estimate black hole spin by using the standard disk model to fit continuum spectra of black hole accretion disks. We find that the error in the spin estimate is quite modest so long as H/R <= 0.1 and alpha <= 0.2. At worst, the error in the estimated value of the spin parameter is 0.1 for a nonspinning black hole; the error is much less for a rapidly spinning hole. We also consider the density and disk thickness contrast between the gas in the disk and that inside the ISCO. The contrast needs to be large if black hole spin is to be successfully estimated by fitting the relativistically broadened X-ray line profile of fluorescent iron emission from reflection off an accretion disk. In our hydrodynamic models, the contrast in density and thickness is low when H/R greater than or similar to 0.1, suggesting that the iron line technique may be most reliable in extremely thin disks. We caution that these results have been obtained with a viscous hydrodynamic model. While our results are likely to be qualitatively correct, quantitative estimates of, e.g., the magnitude of the error in the spin estimate, need to be confirmed with MHD simulations of radiatively cooled thin disks. C1 [Shafee, Rebecca] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Narayan, Ramesh; McClintock, Jeffrey E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Shafee, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, 17 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 549 EP 561 DI 10.1086/527346 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100041 ER PT J AU Wargelin, BJ Kashyap, VL Drake, JJ Garcia-Alvarez, D Ratzlaff, PW AF Wargelin, B. J. Kashyap, V. L. Drake, J. J. Garcia-Alvarez, D. Ratzlaff, P. W. TI X-ray flaring on the dMe star, Ross 154 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE stars : coronae; stars : individual (Ross 154); stars : late-type; stars : mass loss; X-rays : stars ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET-EXPLORER; LATE-TYPE DWARFS; SOLAR-WIND IONS; MASS-LOSS RATES; ALL-SKY SURVEY; PROXIMA-CENTAURI; STELLAR CORONAE; XMM-NEWTON; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; QUIESCENT EMISSION AB We present results from two Chandra imaging observations of Ross 154, a nearby flaring M dwarf star. During a 61 ks ACIS-S exposure, a very large flare occurred (the equivalent of a solar X3400 event, with L-X = 1.8 x 10(30) ergs s(-1)) in which the count rate increased by a factor of over 100. The early phase of the flare shows evidence for the Neupert effect, followed by a further rise and then a two-component exponential decay. A large flare was also observed at the end of a later 48 ks HRC-I observation. Emission from the nonflaring phases of both observations was analyzed for evidence of low-level flaring. From these temporal studies we find that microflaring probably accounts for most of the "quiescent" emission and that, unlike for the Sun and the handful of other stars that have been studied, the distribution of flare intensities does not appear to follow a power law with a single index. Analysis of the ACIS spectra, which was complicated by exclusion of the heavily piled-up source core, suggests that the quiescent Ne/O abundance ratio is enhanced by a factor of similar to 2.5 compared to the commonly adopted solar abundance ratio and that the Ne/O ratio and overall coronal metallicity during the flare appear to be enhanced relative to quiescent abundances. Based on the temperatures and emission measures derived from the spectral fits, we estimate the length scales and plasma densities in the flaring volume and also track the evolution of the flare in color-intensity space. Lastly, we searched for a stellar wind charge exchange X-ray halo around the star but without success; because of the relationship between mass-loss rate and the halo surface brightness, not even an upper limit on the stellar mass-loss rate can be determined. C1 [Wargelin, B. J.; Kashyap, V. L.; Drake, J. J.; Garcia-Alvarez, D.; Ratzlaff, P. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wargelin, BJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 109 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP 610 EP 627 DI 10.1086/528702 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 275QG UT WOS:000254086100046 ER PT J AU Oguri, M Ofek, EO Inada, N Morokuma, T Falco, EE Kochanek, CS Kayo, I Broadhurst, T Richards, GT AF Oguri, Masamune Ofek, Eran O. Inada, Naohisa Morokuma, Tomoki Falco, Emilio E. Kochanek, Christopher S. Kayo, Issha Broadhurst, Tom Richards, Gordon T. TI The third image of the large-separation lensed quasar SDSS J1029+26231 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : clusters : general; gravitational lensing; quasars : individual (SDSS J102913.94+262317.9) ID DIGITAL-SKY-SURVEY; EXTINCTION CURVES; CROSS-SECTIONS; STANDARD STARS; DATA RELEASE; DARK-MATTER; TIME-DELAY; GALAXIES; SEARCH; EMISSION AB We identify a third image in the unique quasar lens SDSS J1029+2623, the second known quasar lens produced by a massive cluster of galaxies. The spectrum of the third image shows similar emission and absorption features but has a redder continuum than the other two images, which can be explained by differential extinction or microlensing. We also identify several lensed arcs. Our observations suggest a complicated structure of the lens cluster at. We argue that the three lensed images are produced by a naked cusp on the basis of successful z approximate to 0.6 mass models, the distribution of cluster member galaxies, and the shapes and locations of the lensed arcs. Lensing by a naked cusp is quite rare among galaxy-scale lenses but is predicted to be common among large-separation lensed quasars. Thus the discovery can be viewed as support for an important theoretical prediction of the standard cold dark matter model. C1 [Oguri, Masamune] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ofek, Eran O.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Inada, Naohisa] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Morokuma, Tomoki] Natl Astron Observ, Div Opt & Infrared Astron, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kochanek, Christopher S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kayo, Issha] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Broadhurst, Tom] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Richards, Gordon T.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Oguri, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Oguri, Masamune/C-6230-2011; Kayo, Issha/A-4389-2011 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1086/586897 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZJ UT WOS:000255235800001 ER PT J AU Slane, P Helfand, DJ Reynolds, SP Gaensler, BM Lemiere, A Wang, Z AF Slane, P. Helfand, D. J. Reynolds, S. P. Gaensler, B. M. Lemiere, A. Wang, Z. TI The infrared detection of the pulsar wind nebula in the galactic supernova remnant 3C 58 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (3C 58); pulsars : general; pulsars : individual (PSR J0205+6449); supernova remnants ID 3C 58; CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS; CRAB-NEBULA; CONSTRAINTS; RADIATION; EVOLUTION; SHELL AB We present infrared observations of 3C 58 with the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Using the IRAC camera, we have imaged the entire source, which results in clear detections of the nebula at 3.6 and 4.5 mu m. The derived flux values are consistent with extrapolation of the X-ray spectrum to the infrared band, demonstrating that any cooling break in the synchrotron spectrum must occur near the soft X-ray band. We also detect the torus surrounding PSR J0205+6449, the 65 ms pulsar that powers 3C 58. The torus spectrum requires a break between the infrared and X-ray bands, and perhaps multiple breaks. This complex spectrum, which is an imprint of the particles injected into the nebula, has considerable consequences for the evolution of the broadband spectrum of 3C 58. We illustrate these effects and discuss the impact of these observations on the modeling of broadband spectra of pulsar wind nebulae. C1 [Slane, P.; Lemiere, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Helfand, D. J.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Reynolds, S. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gaensler, B. M.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys A29, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Wang, Z.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Slane, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gaensler, Bryan/F-8655-2010; OI Gaensler, Bryan/0000-0002-3382-9558 NR 21 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP L33 EP L36 DI 10.1086/587031 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZJ UT WOS:000255235800009 ER PT J AU Younger, JD Besla, G Cox, TJ Hernquist, L Robertson, B Willman, B AF Younger, Joshua D. Besla, Gurtina Cox, T. J. Hernquist, Lars Robertson, Brant Willman, Beth TI On the origin of dynamically cold rings around the milky way SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies : interactions; galaxies : structure; galaxy : kinematics and dynamics; galaxy : structure; methods : n-body simulations ID GALACTIC LATITUDE STRUCTURES; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; RADIAL-VELOCITY SURVEY; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ANTICENTER STELLAR STRUCTURE; EXPLORING HALO SUBSTRUCTURE; MONOCEROS RING; DARK-MATTER; CANIS-MAJOR; STAR-FORMATION AB We present a scenario for the production of dynamically cold rings around the MilkyWay via a high-eccentricity, flyby encounter. These initial conditions are more cosmologically motivated than those considered in previous works. We find that the encounters we examine generically produce a series of nearly dynamically cold ringlike features on low-eccentricity orbits that persist over timescales of similar to 2-4 Gyr via the tidal response of the primary galaxy to the close passage of the satellite. Moreover, they are both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the distribution, kinematics, and stellar population of the Monoceros Ring. Therefore, we find that a high-eccentricity flyby by a satellite galaxy represents a cosmologically appealing scenario for forming kinematically distinct ringlike features around the Milky Way. C1 [Younger, Joshua D.; Besla, Gurtina; Cox, T. J.; Hernquist, Lars; Willman, Beth] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Robertson, Brant] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Robertson, Brant] Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Younger, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM yyounger@cfa.harvard.edu NR 69 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 676 IS 1 BP L21 EP L24 DI 10.1086/587099 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZJ UT WOS:000255235800006 ER PT J AU Schnitzer, SA Rutishauser, S Aguilar, S AF Schnitzer, Stefan A. Rutishauser, Suzanne Aguilar, Salomon TI Supplemental protocol for liana censuses SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado Island; census methods; forest dynamics plots; lianas; Panama; tropical forest ID TROPICAL FOREST; TREES; GAPS; SIZE AB Lianas affect many aspects of tropical forest dynamics and thus the study of their ecology is critical for a comprehensive understanding of tropical forest ecology. Recently, we initiated a complete census of all lianas >= 1 cm diameter in the 50 ha forest dynamics plot on Barro Colorado Island, Panama using the census protocol developed by Gerwing et al. [Gerwing, J.J., Schnitzer, S.A., Burnham, R.J., Bongers, F., Chave, J., DeWalt, S.J., Ewango, C.E.N., Foster, R., Kenfack, D., Martinez-Ramos, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Perez-Salicrup, D.R., Putz, F.E., Thomas, D.W., 2006. A standard protocol for liana censuses. Biotropica 38, 256-261]. This protocol marked an important advance in the study of lianas by providing a standard methodology that can be used for liana censuses worldwide, thereby making accurate comparisons among studies possible. During the course of our census, however, we encountered a number of recurring situations that were critical for accurate and repeatable liana censuses, but were not covered in the protocol of Gerwing and colleagues. In this paper, we present a supplemental protocol that covers these additional situations. Our supplement, combined with the protocol developed by Gerwing et al., provides a more complete set of methods with provisions for situations commonly encountered in liana censuses. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schnitzer, Stefan A.; Rutishauser, Suzanne] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Schnitzer, Stefan A.; Aguilar, Salomon] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Schnitzer, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM Schnitzer@uwm.edu OI Schnitzer, Stefan/0000-0002-2715-9455 NR 12 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 3-4 BP 1044 EP 1049 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.10.012 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 275LJ UT WOS:000254072700068 ER PT J AU Barthold, FK Stallard, RF Elsenbeer, H AF Barthold, Frauke K. Stallard, Robert F. Elsenbeer, Helmut TI Soil nutrient-landscape relationships in a lowland tropical rainforest in Panama SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil chemical properties; lowland tropical rain forest; soil-landscape relationships ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; SPATIAL PREDICTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; ELEVATION; TOPOGRAPHY; MOIST; IRRIGATION; ATTRIBUTES; VEGETATION; CHEMISTRY AB Soils play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles as spatially distributed sources and sinks of nutrients. Any spatial patterns depend on soil forming processes, our understanding of which is still limited, especially in regards to tropical rainforests. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of landscape properties, with an emphasis on the geometry of the land surface, on the spatial heterogeneity of soil chemical properties, and to test the suitability of soil-landscape modeling as an appropriate technique to predict the spatial variability of exchangeable K and Mg in a humid tropical forest in Panama. We used a design-based, stratified sampling scheme to collect soil samples at 108 sites on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Stratifying variables are lithology, vegetation and topography. Topographic variables were generated from high-resolution digital elevation models with a grid size of 5 m. We took samples from five depths down to I m, and analyzed for total and exchangeable K and Mg. We used simple explorative data analysis techniques to elucidate the importance of lithology for soil total and exchangeable K and Mg. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were adopted to investigate importance of topography, lithology and vegetation for the spatial distribution of exchangeable K and Mg and with the intention to develop models that regionalize the point observations using digital terrain data as explanatory variables. Our results suggest that topography and vegetation do not control the spatial distribution of the selected soil chemical properties at a landscape scale and lithology is important to some degree. Exchangeable K is distributed equally across the study area indicating that other than landscape processes, e.g. biogeochemical processes, are responsible for its spatial distribution. Lithology contributes to the spatial variation of exchangeable Mg but controlling variables could not be detected. The spatial variation of soil total K and Mg is mainly influenced by lithology. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barthold, Frauke K.; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Univ Potsdam, Inst Geoecol, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Stallard, Robert F.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Stallard, Robert F.; Elsenbeer, Helmut] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Barthold, FK (reprint author), Univ Giessen, Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. EM fkbarthold@gmail.com RI Barthold, Frauke/C-3877-2012; Stallard, Robert/H-2649-2013 OI Barthold, Frauke/0000-0002-1412-8713; Stallard, Robert/0000-0001-8209-7608 NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 20 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 3-4 BP 1135 EP 1148 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.089 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 275LJ UT WOS:000254072700078 ER PT J AU Bodo, E Zhang, P Dalgarno, A AF Bodo, E. Zhang, P. Dalgarno, A. TI Ultra-cold ion-atom collisions: near resonant charge exchange SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FROZEN RYDBERG GAS; NUMEROV METHOD; POLAR-MOLECULES; EQUATIONS; ENERGY; STATES; ZERO AB Accurate calculations of the near resonant charge exchange cross-sections in HD(+), HT(+) and DT(+) at very low energies are presented. The charge exchange process between an ion and its parent atom is a near resonant process that becomes inelastic when two different isotopes are involved. We find that, at very low energies, the charge exchange cross-section follows Wigner's law for inelastic processes and becomes much larger than the cross-section for elastic collisions which tends to a finite limit. The efficiency of inelastic charge exchange increases as the mass difference between the two isotopes decreases. C1 [Bodo, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Zhang, P.; Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bodo, E (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, Ple A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM bodo@caspur.it RI Bodo, Enrico/F-4375-2012 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD MAR 17 PY 2008 VL 10 AR 033024 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/3/033024 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 275VB UT WOS:000254099000002 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Kharchenko, V Dalgarno, A Matsumi, Y Nakayama, T Takahashi, K AF Zhang, P. Kharchenko, V. Dalgarno, A. Matsumi, Y. Nakayama, T. Takahashi, K. TI Approach to thermal equilibrium in atomic collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION; LORENTZ GAS; RELAXATION; EIGENVALUES; MOLECULES AB The energy relaxation of fast atoms moving in a thermal bath gas is explored experimentally and theoretically. Two time scales characterize the equilibration, one a short time, in which the isotropic energy distribution profile relaxes to a Maxwellian shape at some intermediate effective temperature, and the second, a longer time in which the relaxation preserves a Maxwellian distribution and its effective temperature decreases continuously to the bath gas temperature. The formation and preservation of a Maxwellian distribution does not depend on the projectile to bath gas atom mass ratio. This two-stage behavior arises due to the dominance of small angle scattering and small energy transfer in the collisions of neutral particles. Measurements of the evolving Doppler profiles of emission from excited initially energetic nitrogen atoms traversing bath gases of helium and argon confirm the theoretical predictions. C1 [Zhang, P.; Kharchenko, V.; Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kharchenko, V.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Matsumi, Y.; Nakayama, T.; Takahashi, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Matsumi, Y.; Nakayama, T.; Takahashi, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Nakayama, Tomoki/I-6230-2014 OI Nakayama, Tomoki/0000-0002-5554-1272 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 14 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 10 AR 103001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.103001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 274TP UT WOS:000254024500018 PM 18352180 ER PT J AU Johnson, KG Jackson, JBC Budd, AF AF Johnson, Kenneth G. Jackson, Jeremy B. C. Budd, Ann F. TI Caribbean reef development was independent of coral diversity over 28 million years SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION; NEOGENE; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; NUTRIENTS; TURNOVER; CLOSURE; SEAWAY; MODEL AB The relationship between natural variations in coral species diversity, reef development, and ecosystem function on coral reefs is poorly understood. Recent coral diversity varies 10- fold among geographic regions, but rates of reef growth are broadly similar, suggesting that diversity is unimportant for reef development. Differences in diversity may reflect regional differences in long- term biotic history in addition to environmental conditions. Using a combination of new and published fossil and stratigraphic data, we compared changes in coral diversity and reef development within the tropical western Atlantic over the past 28 million years. Reef development was unrelated to coral diversity, and the largest reef tracts formed after extinction had reduced diversity by 50%. High diversity is thus not essential for the growth and persistence of coral reefs. C1 [Johnson, Kenneth G.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy B. C.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Budd, Ann F.] Univ Iowa, Dept Geosci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Johnson, KG (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. EM K.Johnson@nhm.ac.uk NR 36 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 14 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5869 BP 1521 EP 1523 DI 10.1126/science.1152197 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 273PI UT WOS:000253943800037 PM 18339937 ER PT J AU Purdy, RW Uhen, MD AF Purdy, Robert W. Uhen, Mark D. TI Agabelus porcatus (Cetacea, Odontoceti) is a stingray spine SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Purdy, Robert W.] Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Purdy, RW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM purdyr@si.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PD MAR 12 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 251 EP 252 DI 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[251:APCOIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 280ES UT WOS:000254408700022 ER PT J AU Isler, ML Isler, PR Whitney, BM AF Isler, Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Whitney, Bret M. TI Species limits in Antbirds (Aves : Passeriformes : Thamnophilidae): an evaluation of Plumbeous Antvireo (Dysithamnus plumbeus) based on vocalizations SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE speciation; neotropics; Dysithamnus; systematics; vocalizations; thamnophilidae ID COMPLEX AB Through most of the 20th Century, Dysithamnus plumbeus was considered to comprise three geographically remote subspecies based on plumage: D. p. plumbeus of the lowlands of southeastern Brazil; D. p. leucostictus of the east slope of the Andes from central Colombia to extreme northern Peru; and D. p tucuyensis endemic to the mountains of northern Venezuela. Some recent authors have elevated these taxa to species status without providing additional evidence. We analyzed vocal differences among these taxa and compared the extent of diagnostic differences to a benchmark for species status under the Biological Species Concept (BSC). Vocalizations of D. plumbeus differed sufficiently from the others for D. plumbeus to be considered specifically distinct. Although both calls and loudsongs of the two remaining taxa differed from each other in some aspects, the differences did not meet our benchmark for species separation. We therefore recommend that they be designated as D. leucostictus leucostictus and D. leucostictus tucuyensis pending the acquisition of additional vocal recordings or other contrary evidence. C1 [Isler, Morton L.; Isler, Phyllis R.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Whitney, Bret M.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Isler, ML (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM antbird@cox.net; ictinia@earthlink.net NR 27 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 12 PY 2008 IS 1726 BP 60 EP 68 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 274GG UT WOS:000253989200005 ER PT J AU Frederiksen, R Wcislo, WT Warrant, EJ AF Frederiksen, Rikard Wcislo, William T. Warrant, Eric J. TI Visual reliability and information rate in the retina of a nocturnal bee SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHAKER K+-CHANNELS; FLYING SWEAT BEES; LOW-LIGHT LEVELS; TO-NOISE RATIO; DROSOPHILA PHOTORECEPTORS; MEGALOPTA-GENALIS; TEMPORAL SUMMATION; RESPONSE DYNAMICS; HALICTID BEE; DIM-LIGHT AB Nocturnal animals relying on vision typically have eyes that are optically and morphologically adapted for both increased sensitivity and greater information capacity in dim light [1]. Here, we investigate whether adaptations for increased sensitivity also are found in their photoreceptors by using closely related and fast-flying nocturnal and diurnal bees as model animals. The nocturnal bee Megalopta genalis is capable of foraging and homing by using visually discriminated landmarks at starlight intensities [2, 3]. Megalopta's near relative, Lasioglossum leucozonium, performs these tasks only in bright sunshine. By recording intracellular responses to Gaussian white-noise stimuli [4, 5], we show that photoreceptors in Megalopta, actually code less information at most light levels than those in Lasioglossum. However, as in several other nocturnal arthropods [6-13], Megalopta's photoreceptors possess a much greater gain of transduction, indicating that nocturnal photoreceptors trade information capacity for sensitivity. By sacrificing photoreceptor signal-to-noise ratio and information capacity in dim light for an increased gain and, thus, an increased sensitivity, this strategy can benefit nocturnal insects that use neural summation to improve visual reliability at night. C1 [Frederiksen, Rikard; Warrant, Eric J.] Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Frederiksen, R (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Cell & Organism Biol, Helgonavagen 3, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM rikard.frederiksen@cob.lu.se NR 41 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD MAR 11 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 5 BP 349 EP 353 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.057 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 273LL UT WOS:000253932000026 PM 18328705 ER PT J AU Witham, AR Knigge, C Drew, JE Greimel, R Steeghs, D Gansicke, BT Groot, PJ Mampaso, A AF Witham, A. R. Knigge, C. Drew, J. E. Greimel, R. Steeghs, D. Gaensicke, B. T. Groot, P. J. Mampaso, A. TI The IPHAS catalogue of H alpha emission-line sources in the northern Galactic plane SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE catalogues; surveys; stars : emission-line, Be; Galaxy : stellar content ID CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES; SKY SURVEY; STARS; OBJECTS; GALAXY; WARP AB We present a catalogue of point-source H alpha emission-line objects selected from the INT/WFC Photometric Ha Survey (IPHAS) of the northern Galactic plane. The catalogue covers the magnitude range 13 <= r' <= 19.5 and includes Northern hemisphere sources in the Galactic latitude range -5 degrees < b < 5 degrees. It is derived from similar to 1500 deg(2) worth of imaging data, which represents 80 per cent of the final IPHAS survey area. The electronic version of the catalogue will be updated once the full survey data become available. In total, the present catalogue contains 4853 point sources that exhibit strong photometric evidence for Ha emission. We have so far analysed spectra for similar to 300 of these sources, confirming more than 95 per cent of them as genuine emission-line stars. A wide range of stellar populations are represented in the catalogue, including early-type emission-line stars, active late-type stars, interacting binaries, young stellar objects and compact nebulae. The spatial distribution of catalogue objects shows overdensities near sites of recent or current star formation, as well as possible evidence for the warp of the Galactic plane. Photometrically, the incidence of Ha emission is bimodally distributed in (r' - i'). The blue peak is made up mostly of early-type emission-line stars, whereas the red peak may signal an increasing contribution from other objects, such as young/active low-mass stars. We have cross-matched our H alpha-excess catalogue against the emission-line star catalogue of Kohoutek & Wehmeyer, as well as against sources in SIMBAD. We find that fewer than 10 per cent of our sources can be matched to known objects of any type. Thus IPHAS is uncovering an order of magnitude more faint (r' > 13) emission-line objects than were previously known in the Milky Way. C1 [Witham, A. R.; Knigge, C.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Drew, J. E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Greimel, R.] Issac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Spain. [Greimel, R.] Graz Univ, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Steeghs, D.; Gaensicke, B. T.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Steeghs, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Groot, P. J.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, IMAPP, Dept Astrophys, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Mampaso, A.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. RP Witham, AR (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM christian@astro.soton.ac.uk RI Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Steeghs, Danny/C-5468-2009; Groot, Paul/K-4391-2016 OI Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Steeghs, Danny/0000-0003-0771-4746; Groot, Paul/0000-0002-4488-726X NR 29 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 4 BP 1277 EP 1288 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12774.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 270HK UT WOS:000253711700003 ER PT J AU Jetha, NN Hardcastle, MJ Babul, A O'Sullivan, E Ponman, TJ Raychaudhury, S Vrtilek, J AF Jetha, Nazirah N. Hardcastle, Martin J. Babul, Arif O'Sullivan, Ewan Ponman, Trevor J. Raychaudhury, Somak Vrtilek, Jan TI The nature of the ghost cavity in the NGC 741 group SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : clusters : individual : NGC 741; intergalactic medium; X-rays : galaxies : clusters ID MAGNETIC-FIELD STRENGTHS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; I RADIO GALAXIES; X-RAY-EMISSION; XMM-NEWTON; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; COOLING FLOWS; POOR GROUPS; HYDRA-A; CLUSTERS AB We discuss the effects of energy injection into the intragroup medium of the group of galaxies associated with NGC 741. The X-ray emission reveals a large bubble, which in the absence of a currently bright central radio source may have been inflated by a previous cycle of nuclear activity. If the bubble is filled with a light, relativistic fluid, we calculate that in expanding, it has done more than sufficient work to counteract the energy lost from the intragroup medium via radiative cooling; the bubble can provide this energy as it expands and rises. Using upper limits on the flux density of the plasma filling the bubble at 330 MHz and 1.4 GHz, we derive constraints on its electron energy distribution and magnetic field strength. We show that the data require the high-energy cut-off of the electron spectrum to be very low compared to the cut-offs seen in more typical radio sources if the fluid filling the bubble is a conventional relativistic plasma. This suggests that the fluid filling the bubble may not have evolved by expansion or synchrotron losses consistent with a dead radio source, leaving a puzzle as to what the origin of the bubble may be. C1 [Jetha, Nazirah N.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA,DSM ,CNRS,DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Jetha, Nazirah N.; Ponman, Trevor J.; Raychaudhury, Somak] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Hardcastle, Martin J.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Babul, Arif] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada. [Vrtilek, Jan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Jetha, NN (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA,DSM ,CNRS,DAPNIA, Bat 709, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM nazirah.jetha@cea.fr RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900 NR 49 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 4 BP 1344 EP 1354 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12829.x PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 270HK UT WOS:000253711700009 ER PT J AU Rebusco, P Churazov, E Sunyaev, R Bohringer, H Forman, W AF Rebusco, P. Churazov, E. Sunyaev, R. Boehringer, H. Forman, W. TI Width of X-ray lines as a diagnostic of gas motions in cooling flows SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE line : profiles; turbulence; galaxies : clusters : individual : Perseus; cooling flows ID DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATION; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; GALAXY-CLUSTER PLASMAS; H-ALPHA FILAMENTS; PERSEUS CLUSTER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; ABUNDANCE PROFILES; BUOYANT BUBBLES AB The dissipation of turbulent gas motions is one of the likely mechanisms that has been proposed to heat the intracluster medium (ICM) in the cores of clusters and groups of galaxies. We consider the impact of gas motions on the width of the most prominent X-ray emission lines. For heavy elements (like iron), the expected linewidth is much larger than the width due to pure thermal broadening, and the contribution due to turbulent gas motions should be easily detected with the new generation of X-ray microcalorimeters, such as the Spektr-RG calorimeter (SXC). For instance, in the Perseus cluster the turbulent velocity required to balance radiative cooling (as derived by Rebusco et al.) would imply a width of the 6.7 keV Fe line of 10-20 eV, while the pure thermal broadening is similar to 4 eV. The radial dependence of the linewidth is sensitive to (i) the radial dependence of the velocity amplitude and (ii) the `directionality' of the stochastic motions (e. g. isotropic turbulence or predominantly radial gas motions). If the width of several lines, characteristic for different gas temperatures, can be measured, then it should be possible to probe both the `directionality' and the amplitude of the gas motions. Moreover, a measurement of the width would put a lower limit on the amount of the kinetic energy available for dissipation, giving a constraint on the ICM models. C1 [Rebusco, P.; Churazov, E.; Sunyaev, R.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Rebusco, P.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Churazov, E.; Sunyaev, R.] Space Res Inst IKI, Moscow 117810, Russia. [Boehringer, H.] MPI Extraterr Phys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. [Forman, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Rebusco, P (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Karl Schwarzschild Str 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany. EM pao@space.mit.edu RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD MAR 11 PY 2008 VL 384 IS 4 BP 1511 EP 1518 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12770.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 270HK UT WOS:000253711700024 ER PT J AU Collin, R AF Collin, Rachel TI Development of Tylodina fungina Gabb, 1865 (Gastropoda : Notaspidea) from the Pacific coast of Panama SO VELIGER LA English DT Article DE Tylodinidae; Notaspidea; extra-capsular yolk ID OPISTHOBRANCHIA; PERVERSA AB The biology of notaspidean gastropods is not well Studied and the development of tylodinoids is almost entirely unknown. Here I report observations on the reproduction and development of Tylodina fungina (Gabb, 1865) from the Perlas Islands on the Pacific coast of Panama. This species lives, feeds, and lays flat egg ribbons on the verongid sponge Suberea azteca (Gomez and Bakus, 1992). The egg ribbons contain hundreds of rows of 80 Irri eggs, each singly encapsulated in a round 125 pm capsule. The ribbon also includes strings of extra-capsular material which is unevenly distributed through the mass. The eggs have equal cleavage and the ciliated "trochophore" stage is followed by an encapsulated veliger, which has a large, dark-red pigmented mantle organ. At hatching the transparent, left-handed larval shell is 123 mu m long, and each semicircular velar lobe is unpigmented. There is a distinct operculum, but the eyes and tentacles have not developed. After 3 weeks in culture the larvae had reached a shell length of 162 pm and still had no eyes or tentacles. The larvae did not survive to settlement. C1 [Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. RP Collin, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948,APO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM collinr@si.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CALIFORNIA MALACOZOOLOGICAL SOC INC PI SANTA BARBARA PA SANTA BARBARA MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, 2559 PUESTA DEL SOL RD, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93105 USA SN 0042-3211 J9 VELIGER JI Veliger PD MAR 11 PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 276AH UT WOS:000254113000007 ER PT J AU Evans, DA Fong, WF Hardcastle, MJ Kraft, RP Lee, JC Worrall, DM Birkinshaw, M Croston, JH Muxlow, TWB AF Evans, Daniel A. Fong, Wen-Fai Hardcastle, Martin J. Kraft, Ralph P. Lee, Julia C. Worrall, Diana M. Birkinshaw, Mark Croston, Judith H. Muxlow, Tom W. B. TI A radio through X-ray study of the jet/companion-galaxy interaction in 3C 321 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : individual (3C 321); galaxies : jets; X-rays : galaxies ID TELESCOPE SNAPSHOT SURVEY; LOW-REDSHIFT; XMM-NEWTON; HOT-SPOTS; SOURCE COUNTERPARTS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; JET; CHANDRA; EMISSION; NUCLEI AB We present a multiwavelength study of the nucleus, environment, jets, and hot spots of the nearby FR II radio galaxy 3C 321, using new and archival data from MERLIN, the VLA, Spitzer, HST, and Chandra. An initially collimated radio jet extends northwest from the nucleus of its host galaxy and produces a compact knot of radio emission adjacent (in projection) to a companion galaxy, after which it dramatically flares and bends, extending out in a diffuse structure 35 kpc northwest of the nucleus. We argue that the simplest explanation for the unusual morphology of the jet is that it is undergoing an interaction with the companion galaxy. Given that the northwest hot spot that lies greater than or similar to 250 kpc from the core shows X-ray emission, which likely indicates in situ high-energy particle acceleration, we argue that the jet-companion interaction is not a steady state situation. Instead, we suggest that the jet has been disrupted on a timescale less than the light-travel time to the end of the lobe, similar to 106 yr, and that the jet flow to this hot spot will only be disrupted for as long as the jet-companion interaction takes place. The host galaxy of 3C 321 and the companion galaxy are in the process of merging, and each hosts a luminous AGN. As this is an unusual situation, we investigate the hypothesis that the interacting jet has driven material on to the companion galaxy, triggering its AGN. Finally, we present detailed radio and X-ray observations of both hot spots, which show that there are multiple emission sites, with spatial offsets between the radio and X-ray emission. C1 [Evans, Daniel A.; Fong, Wen-Fai; Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Evans, Daniel A.; Kraft, Ralph P.; Lee, Julia C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Fong, Wen-Fai] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hardcastle, Martin J.; Croston, Judith H.] Univ Hertfordshire, Sch Phys Astron & Math, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Worrall, Diana M.; Birkinshaw, Mark] Univ Bristol, Dept Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Muxlow, Tom W. B.] Univ Manchester, MERLIN VLBI Natl Facil, Jodrell Bank Observat, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, Cheshire, England. RP Evans, DA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Hardcastle, Martin/E-2264-2012; Lee, Julia/G-2381-2015; OI Hardcastle, Martin/0000-0003-4223-1117; Lee, Julia/0000-0002-7336-3588; Muxlow, Thomas/0000-0001-5797-8796 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1057 EP 1066 DI 10.1086/527410 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500010 ER PT J AU Marcillac, D Rieke, GH Papovich, C Willmer, CNA Weiner, BJ Coil, AL Cooper, MC Gerke, BF Woo, J Newman, JA Georgakakis, A Laird, ES Nandra, K Fazio, GG Huang, JS Koo, DC AF Marcillac, D. Rieke, G. H. Papovich, C. Willmer, C. N. A. Weiner, B. J. Coil, A. L. Cooper, M. C. Gerke, B. F. Woo, J. Newman, J. A. Georgakakis, A. Laird, E. S. Nandra, K. Fazio, G. G. Huang, J. -S. Koo, D. C. TI The environment on a few Mpc scales of infrared luminous galaxies at redshift z similar to 1 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies : evolution; galaxies : general; galaxies : interactions; galaxies : starburst; infrared : galaxies ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; EXTENDED GROTH STRIP; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; AREA ISO SURVEY; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; X-RAY SOURCES; LOCAL UNIVERSE AB We investigate the environment of infrared-luminous galaxies [L-IR(8-1000 mu m) > 10(11) L-circle dot]. We focus on the redshift range 0.7 <= z <= 1, where these galaxies dominate the star formation activity and play a significant role in galaxy evolution. We employ MIPS 24 mu m data to identify infrared galaxies in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS). We use a local density indicator to probe the environment on a few Mpc scales and a group member catalog, both of which make use of the DEEP2 spectroscopic redshift catalog, to quantify the environment of these galaxies. We find that the local environment of LIRGs and ULIRGs is intermediate between that of blue and red galaxies. LIRGs and ULIRGs avoid underdense environments and inhabit local environments that are more dense on average than those of other DEEP2 galaxies at similar redshifts. However, when the comparison sample of the non-IR DEEP2 galaxies is restricted to have the same range of stellar mass, color, or luminosity as the IR galaxies, there is no longer any significant difference in environment: the IR galaxies follow the same trends in the color-environment and luminosity-environment relations observed at z similar to 1. We also find that about 30% of the LIRGs and ULIRGs belong to groups, associated with a minimum dark matter halo of 6 x 10(12) M-circle dot h(-1). The group members constitute 20% of the sources responsible for the IR star formation rate density and comoving energy density at z similar to 1. C1 [Marcillac, D.; Rieke, G. H.; Papovich, C.; Willmer, C. N. A.; Weiner, B. J.; Coil, A. L.; Cooper, M. C.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cooper, M. C.; Gerke, B. F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Woo, J.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Newman, J. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Astorphys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Georgakakis, A.; Laird, E. S.; Nandra, K.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Fazio, G. G.; Huang, J. -S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koo, D. C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Marcillac, D (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Georgakakis, Antonis/K-4457-2013 NR 105 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1156 EP 1170 DI 10.1086/527031 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500017 ER PT J AU Rosolowsky, E Simon, JD AF Rosolowsky, Erik Simon, Joshua D. TI The M33 metallicity project: Resolving the abundance gradient discrepancies in M33 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : abundances; galaxies : individual (M33); galaxies : spiral; HII regions; ISM : abundances; ISM : evolution ID H-II REGIONS; HII-REGIONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EMISSION-LINES; GALAXIES; M-33; TELESCOPE; NEBULAE; NEON; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a new determination of the metallicity gradient in M33, based on Keck LRIS measurements of oxygen abundances using the temperature-sensitive emission line [O III] lambda 4363 in 61 H II regions. These data approximately triple the sample of direct oxygen abundances in M33. We find a central abundance of 12 + log (O/H) = 8.36 +/- 0.04 and a slope of -0.027 +/- 0.012 dex kpc(-1), in agreement with infrared measurements of the neon abundance gradient but much shallower than most previous oxygen gradient measurements. There is substantial intrinsic scatter of 0.11 dex in the metallicity at any given radius in M33, which imposes a fundamental limit on the accuracy of gradient measurements that rely on small samples of objects. We also show that the ionization state of neon does not follow the ionization state of oxygen as is commonly assumed, suggesting that neon abundance measurements from optical emission lines require careful treatment of the ionization corrections. C1 [Rosolowsky, Erik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Simon, Joshua D.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Rosolowsky, E (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS-66, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM erosolow@cfa.harvard.edu; jsimon@astro.caltech.edu NR 36 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1213 EP 1222 DI 10.1086/527407 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500020 ER PT J AU Hartman, JD Gaudi, BS Holman, MJ McLeod, BA Stanek, KZ Barranco, JA Pinsonneault, MH Meibom, S Kalirai, JS AF Hartman, J. D. Gaudi, B. S. Holman, M. J. McLeod, B. A. Stanek, K. Z. Barranco, J. A. Pinsonneault, M. H. Meibom, S. Kalirai, J. S. TI Deep MMT1 transit survey of the open cluster M37. I. Observations and cluster parameters SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE open clusters and associations : individual (M37); planetary systems; stars : fundamental parameters; stars : luminosity function; mass function; surveys ID LOW-MASS STARS; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; EMPIRICALLY CALIBRATED ISOCHRONES; IMAGE SUBTRACTION PHOTOMETRY; STANDARD STELLAR LIBRARY; PLANETARY TRANSITS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; EXTENSIVE SEARCH; MONITOR PROJECT; GALACTIC DISK AB We have conducted a deep (15 less than or similar to r less than or similar to 23), 20 night survey for transiting planets in the intermediate-age open cluster M37 (NGC 2099) using the Megacam wide-field mosaic CCD camera on the 6.5 m MMT. In this paper we describe the observations and data reduction procedures for the survey and analyze the stellar content and dynamical state of the cluster. By combining high-resolution spectroscopy with existing BVICKs and new gri color-magnitude diagrams, we determine the fundamental cluster parameters: t = 485 +/- 28 Myr without overshooting (t = 550 +/- 30 Myr with overshooting), E(B - V) = 0.227 +/- 0.038, (m - M)(V) = 11.57 +/- 0.13, and [M/H] = +0.045 +/- 0.044, which are in good agreement with, although more precise than, previous measurements. We determine the mass function down to 0.3 M-circle dot and use this to estimate the total cluster mass of 3640 +/- 170 M-circle dot. C1 [Hartman, J. D.; Holman, M. J.; McLeod, B. A.; Meibom, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gaudi, B. S.; Stanek, K. Z.; Pinsonneault, M. H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barranco, J. A.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Kalirai, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hartman, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jhartman@cfa.harvard.edu; gaudi@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; mholman@cfa.harvard.edu; bmcleod@cfa.harvard.edu; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; barranco@stars.sfsu.edu; pinsono@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; smeibom@cfa.harvard.edu; jkalirai@ucolick.org RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012; OI Barranco, Joseph/0000-0003-2045-677X; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166 NR 71 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1233 EP 1253 DI 10.1086/527465 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500022 ER PT J AU Hartman, JD Gaudi, BS Holman, MJ McLeod, BA Stanek, KZ Barranco, JA Pinsonneault, MH Kalirai, JS AF Hartman, J. D. Gaudi, B. S. Holman, M. J. McLeod, B. A. Stanek, K. Z. Barranco, J. A. Pinsonneault, M. H. Kalirai, J. S. TI Deep MMT1 transit survey of the open cluster M37. II. Variable stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : eclipsing; open clusters and associations : individual (M37); stars : fundamental parameters; stars : rotation; stars : variables : other; surveys ID IMAGE SUBTRACTION PHOTOMETRY; LOW-MASS STARS; DETACHED ECLIPSING BINARIES; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; GAMMA-DORADUS STARS; STELLAR-SYSTEMS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; EXTENSIVE SEARCH AB We have conducted a deep (15 less than or similar to r less than or similar to 23), 20 night survey for transiting planets in the intermediate-age (similar to 550 Myr) open cluster M37 (NGC 2099) using the Megacam wide-field mosaic CCD camera on the 6.5 m MMT. In this paper we present a catalog and light curves for 1445 variable stars; 1430 (99%) of these are new discoveries. We have discovered 20 new eclipsing binaries and 31 new short-period (P < 1 day) pulsating stars. The bulk of the variables are most likely rapidly rotating young low-mass stars, including a substantial number (greater than or similar to 500) that are members of the cluster. We identify and analyze five particularly interesting individual variables, including a previously identified variable that we suggest is probably a hybrid gamma Doradus/delta Scuti pulsator, two possible quiescent cataclysmic variables, a detached eclipsing binary (DEB) with at least one gamma Doradus pulsating component (only the second such variable found in an eclipsing binary), and a low-mass (M-P similar to M-S similar to 0.6 M-circle dot) DEB that is a possible cluster member. A preliminary determination of the physical parameters for the DEB+gamma Doradus system yields M-P = 1.58 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot, M-S = 1.58 +/- 0.04 M-circle dot, R-P = 1.39 +/- 0.07 R-circle dot, and R-S = 1.38 +/- 0.07 R-circle dot. C1 [Hartman, J. D.; Holman, M. J.; McLeod, B. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gaudi, B. S.; Stanek, K. Z.; Pinsonneault, M. H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Barranco, J. A.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Kalirai, J. S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Univ Calif Observ, Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hartman, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jhartman@cfa.harvard.edu; gaudi@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; mholman@cfa.harvard.edu; bmcleod@cfa.harvard.edu; kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu; barranco@stars.sfsu.edu; pinsono@astronomy.ohio-state.edu RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012; OI Barranco, Joseph/0000-0003-2045-677X; Hartman, Joel/0000-0001-8732-6166 NR 80 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1254 EP 1277 DI 10.1086/527460 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500023 ER PT J AU Reid, MA Matthews, BC AF Reid, Michael A. Matthews, Brenda C. TI Deconstructing the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 23033+5951 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : individual (IRAS 23033+5951); ISM : kinematics and dynamics; ISM : molecules; stars : formation ID DENSE CLOUD CORES; T-TAURI STARS; PROTOSTELLAR CORES; CHEMICAL DIFFERENTIATION; COMPETITIVE ACCRETION; MOLECULAR OUTFLOWS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK; STELLAR CLUSTERS; ROTATING-DISK; YOUNG STAR AB We report interferometric observations of the high-mass star-forming object IRAS 23033+5951. Our observations reveal two massive molecular cloud cores, designated IRAS 23033+5951-MMS1 and IRAS 23033+5951-MMS2. MMS1 has already formed a massive protostar and MMS2 appears to be on the verge of doing so. The latter core may be an example of a massive analog to a Class 0 star-forming object. The more evolved core shows some evidence of N2H+ destruction near the protostar, consistent with similar findings in low-mass star-forming objects. In addition to the already-known prominent HCO+ outflow, our SiO 2-1 and CH3OH 2-1 maps show evidence for two more candidate outflows, both presumably less powerful than the main one. Both cores are embedded in an elongated feature whose major axis is oriented almost exactly perpendicular to the axis of the most prominent outflow in the region. Although it has many of the characteristics of a disk, the 87,000AU(0.42 pc) diameter of this structure suggests that it is more likely to be the flattened, rotating remnant of the natal molecular cloud fragment from which the star-forming cores condensed. We conclude that IRAS 23033+5951 is an excellent example of massive star formation proceeding in relative isolation, perhaps by the method of monolithic collapse and disk accretion. C1 [Reid, Michael A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array Project, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Matthews, Brenda C.] Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Reid, MA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Submillimeter Array Project, 645 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1343 EP 1351 DI 10.1086/527408 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500028 ER PT J AU Luhman, KL Allen, LE Allen, PR Gutermuth, RA Hartmann, L Mamajek, EE Megeath, ST Myers, PC Fazio, GG AF Luhman, K. L. Allen, L. E. Allen, P. R. Gutermuth, R. A. Hartmann, L. Mamajek, E. E. Megeath, S. T. Myers, P. C. Fazio, G. G. TI The disk population of the Chamaeleon I star-forming region SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE accretion, accretion disks; planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : formation; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; stars : pre-main-sequence ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LOW-MASS STARS; INFRARED-ARRAY-CAMERA; ALL-SKY SURVEY; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS; MULTIBAND IMAGING PHOTOMETER; BROWN DWARF DISKS; SPECTRAL TYPE-L; DARK CLOUD AB We present a census of circumstellar disks in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. Using the Infrared Array Camera and the Multiband Imaging Photometer on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have obtained images of Chamaeleon I at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, and 24 mu m. To search for new disk-bearing members of the cluster, we have performed spectroscopy on objects that have red colors in these data. Through this work, we have discovered four new members of Chamaeleon I with spectral types of M4, M6, M7.5, and L0. The first three objects are highly embedded (A(J) similar to 5) and reside near known protostars, indicating that they may be among the youngest low-mass sources in the cluster (tau < 1 Myr). The L0 source is the coolest known member of Chamaeleon I. Its luminosity implies a mass of 0.004-0.01M(circle dot), making it the least massive brown dwarf for which a circumstellar disk has been reliably detected. To characterize the disk population in Chamaeleon I, we have classified the infrared spectral energy distributions of the 203 known members that are encompassed by the Spitzer images. Through these classifications, we find that the disk fraction in Chamaeleon I is roughly constant at similar to 50% from 0.01 to 0.3 M-circle dot. These data are similar to the disk fraction of IC 348, which is a denser cluster at the same age as Chamaeleon I. However, the disk fraction at M greater than or similar to 1 M-circle dot is significantly higher in Chamaeleon I than in IC 348 (65% vs. 20%), indicating longer disk lifetimes in Chamaeleon I for this mass range. Thus, low-density star-forming regions like Chamaeleon I may offer more time for planet formation around solar-type stars than denser clusters. C1 [Luhman, K. L.; Allen, P. R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Allen, L. E.; Gutermuth, R. A.; Mamajek, E. E.; Myers, P. C.; Fazio, G. G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Hartmann, L.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gutermuth, R. A.; Megeath, S. T.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Luhman, KL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kluhman@astro.psu.edu NR 114 TC 123 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1375 EP 1406 DI 10.1086/527347 PG 32 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500031 ER PT J AU Winn, JN Henry, GW Torres, G Holman, MJ AF Winn, Joshua N. Henry, Gregory W. Torres, Guillermo Holman, Matthew J. TI Five new transits of the super-neptune HD 149026b SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (HD 149026) ID LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; PLANET HD 149026B; GIANT PLANETS; BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; SURFACE GRAVITIES; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; PARAMETERS; PHOTOMETRY; STELLAR AB We present new photometry of HD 149026 spanning five transits of its "super-Neptune'' planet. In combination with previous data, we improve on the determination of the planet-to-star radius ratio: R-p/R-star 0: 0491(-0.0005)(+0.0018). We find the planetary radius to be 0.71 +/- 0.05 R-Jup, in accordance with previous theoretical models invoking a high metal abundance for the planet. The limiting error is the uncertainty in the stellar radius. Although we find agreement among four different ways of estimating the stellar radius, the uncertainty remains at 7%. We also present a refined transit ephemeris and a constraint on the orbital eccentricity and argument of pericenter, e cos omega = -0.0014 +/- 0.0012, based on the measured interval between primary and secondary transits. C1 [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Henry, Gregory W.] Tennessee State Univ, Ctr Excellence Informat Syst, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Torres, Guillermo; Holman, Matthew J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Winn, JN (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP 1531 EP 1537 DI 10.1086/527032 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271VT UT WOS:000253817500043 ER PT J AU Brown, JM Blake, GA Qi, C Dullemond, CP Wilner, DJ AF Brown, J. M. Blake, G. A. Qi, C. Dullemond, C. P. Wilner, D. J. TI LkH alpha 330: evidence for dust clearing through resolved submillimeter imaging SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems : protoplanetary disks; stars : pre-main-sequence ID SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; PROTOPLANETARY DISKS; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; YOUNG STARS; EMISSION; DISCS; SPECTROSCOPY; LKCA-15 AB Mid-infrared spectrophotometric observations have revealed a small subclass of circumstellar disks with spectral energy distributions (SEDs) suggestive of large inner gaps with low dust content. However, such data provide only an indirect and model-dependent method of finding central holes. We present here the direct characterization of a 40 AU radius inner gap in the disk around LkH alpha 330 through 340 GHz (880 mu m) dust continuum imaging with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). This large gap is fully resolved by the SMA observations and mostly empty of dust with less than 1.3 x 10(-6) M-circle dot of solid particles inside of 40 AU. Gas (as traced by accretion markers and CO M- band emission) is still present in the inner disk and the outer edge of the gap rises steeply features in better agreement with the underlying cause being gravitational perturbation than a more gradual process such as grain growth. Importantly, the good agreement of the spatially resolved data and spectrophotometry-based model lends confidence to current interpretations of SEDs with significant dust emission deficits as arising from disks with inner gaps or holes. Further SED-based searches can therefore be expected to yield numerous additional candidates that can be examined at high spatial resolution. C1 [Brown, J. M.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Blake, G. A.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Qi, C.; Wilner, D. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dullemond, C. P.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, MC 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jmb@astro.caltech.edu NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP L109 EP L112 DI 10.1086/533464 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZC UT WOS:000255235100014 ER PT J AU Testa, P Drake, JJ Ercolano, B Reale, F Huenemoerder, DP Affer, L Micela, G Garcia-Alvarez, D AF Testa, Paola Drake, Jeremy J. Ercolano, Barbara Reale, Fabio Huenemoerder, David P. Affer, Laura Micela, Giuseppina Garcia-Alvarez, David TI Geometry diagnostics of a stellar flare from fluorescent X-rays SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; plasmas; stars : coronae; X-rays : stars ID K-ALPHA EMISSION; SOLAR-FLARES; AB-DORADUS; ROTATIONAL MODULATION; PHOTOSPHERIC IRON; CORONAL STRUCTURE; DOPPLER SHIFTS; LINE EMISSION; ACTIVE STARS; ORION-NEBULA AB We present evidence of Fe fluorescent emission in the Chandra HETGS spectrum of the single G-type giant HR 9024 during a large flare. In analogy to solar X-ray observations, we interpret the observed Fe K alpha line as being produced by illumination of the photosphere by ionizing coronal X-rays, in which case, for a given Fe photospheric abundance, its intensity depends on the height of the X-ray source. The HETGS observations, together with three-dimensional Monte Carlo calculations to model the fluorescence emission, are used to obtain a direct geometric constraint on the scale height of the flaring coronal plasma. We compute the Fe fluorescent emission induced by the emission of a single flaring coronal loop that well reproduces the observed X-ray temporal and spectral properties according to a detailed hydrodynamic modeling. The predicted Fe fluorescent emission is in good agreement with the observed value within observational uncertainties, pointing to a scale height less than or similar to 0.3R(*). Comparison of the HR 9024 flare with that recently observed on II Peg by Swift indicates the latter is consistent with excitation by X- ray photoionization. C1 [Testa, Paola; Huenemoerder, David P.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Drake, Jeremy J.; Ercolano, Barbara; Garcia-Alvarez, David] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Reale, Fabio; Affer, Laura] Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Astron, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Reale, Fabio; Affer, Laura; Micela, Giuseppina] Osserv Astron Palermo, INAF, I-90134 Palermo, Italy. [Garcia-Alvarez, David] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Testa, P (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM testa@space.mit.edu OI Micela, Giuseppina/0000-0002-9900-4751; Reale, Fabio/0000-0002-1820-4824 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP L97 EP L100 DI 10.1086/533461 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZC UT WOS:000255235100011 ER PT J AU Wilson, DM Gillon, M Hellier, C Maxted, PFL Pepe, F Queloz, D Anderson, DR Cameron, AC Smalley, B Lister, TA Bentley, SJ Blecha, A Christian, DJ Enoch, B Haswell, CA Hebb, L Horne, K Irwin, J Joshi, YC Kane, SR Marmier, M Mayor, M Parley, N Pollacco, D Pont, F Ryans, R Segransan, D Skillen, I Street, RA Udry, S West, RG Wheatley, PJ AF Wilson, D. M. Gillon, M. Hellier, C. Maxted, P. F. L. Pepe, F. Queloz, D. Anderson, D. R. Cameron, A. Collier Smalley, B. Lister, T. A. Bentley, S. J. Blecha, A. Christian, D. J. Enoch, B. Haswell, C. A. Hebb, L. Horne, K. Irwin, J. Joshi, Y. C. Kane, S. R. Marmier, M. Mayor, M. Parley, N. Pollacco, D. Pont, F. Ryans, R. Segransan, D. Skillen, I. Street, R. A. Udry, S. West, R. G. Wheatley, P. J. TI WASP-4b: A 12th magnitude transiting hot Jupiter in the southern hemisphere SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars : individual (WASP-4) ID LIGHT CURVES; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; CANDIDATES; SUPERWASP; STARS; SEARCHES; PROJECT; DISK AB We report the discovery of WASP-4b, a large transiting gas-giant planet with an orbital period of 1.34 days. This is the first planet to be discovered by the SuperWASP-South observatory and CORALIE collaboration and the first planet orbiting a star brighter than 16th magnitude to be discovered in the southern hemisphere. A simultaneous fit to high-quality light curves and precision radial velocity measurements leads to a planetary mass of 1.22(-0.08)(+0.09) M-Jup and a planetary radius of 1.42(-0.04)(+0.07) R-Jup. The host star is USNO-B1.0 0479-0948995, a G7 V star of visual magnitude 12.5. As a result of the short orbital period, the predicted surface temperature of the planet is 1761 K, making it an ideal candidate for detections of the secondary eclipse at infrared wavelengths. C1 [Wilson, D. M.; Hellier, C.; Maxted, P. F. L.; Smalley, B.; Lister, T. A.; Bentley, S. J.] Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Gillon, M.] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. [Cameron, A. Collier; Hebb, L.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Lister, T. A.; Street, R. A.] Las Cumbres Observ, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Christian, D. J.; Joshi, Y. C.; Ryans, R.; Street, R. A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Astrophys Res Ctr, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Enoch, B.; Haswell, C. A.; Parley, N.] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Irwin, J.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Irwin, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kane, S. R.] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Skillen, I.] Isaac Newton Grp Telescopes, E-38700 Tenerife, Spain. [Street, R. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [West, R. G.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Wheatley, P. J.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RI Kane, Stephen/B-4798-2013; OI Cameron, Andrew/0000-0002-8863-7828; Christian, Damian/0000-0003-1746-3020; Wheatley, Peter/0000-0003-1452-2240 NR 26 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 675 IS 2 BP L113 EP L116 DI 10.1086/586735 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291ZC UT WOS:000255235100015 ER PT J AU Hall, JS AF Hall, Jefferson S. TI Seed and seedling survival of African mahogany (Entandrophragma spp.) in the Central African Republic: Implications for forest management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; Central Africa; granivores; predation; seedling mortality; tropical forest management ID SWIETENIA-MACROPHYLLA; SOUTHEASTERN AMAZONIA; SPECIES MELIACEAE; RAIN-FOREST; CONSERVATION; REGENERATION; MONODOMINANT; RECRUITMENT; DISPERSAL; DIVERSITY AB African mahoganies of the genus Entandrophragma are among the most valuable and important timber species harvested in Central Africa, representing more than 70% of total export volume from many areas. In spite of the importance of these species, relatively little is known about their regeneration ecology and little effort has gone into understanding the reasons for the consistently reported regeneration failures after logging. I assessed seed survival to germination (Entandrophragma angolense) and seedling survivorship (E. cylindricum) in three different forest types - monodominant Gilbertiodendron, mixed species, and fallow forest - under three different treatments - control, small mesh chicken wire, and large mesh chicken wire - to evaluate the relative importance of different causes of mortality. All seeds were eaten in controls and in both exclosure treatments within Gilbertiodendron forest in a matter of days. Seed survivorship to germination within exclosures in mixed species and fallow forest increased by approximately 10 and 25%, respectively, compared to Gilbertiodendron forest. Six-month seedling survivorship in controls was 37, 12, and 9% in Gilbertiodendron, mixed species and fallow forest, respectively. Seedling mortality was due to different causes in each forest type. In Gilbertiodendron forest controls, an equivalent percentage of seedlings died due to fungal and insect attack (27 and 28%, respectively), while in mixed species forest controls 28 and 55% of seedlings died of these causes, respectively. In fallow forest controls, 48% of seedlings died from predation and/or uprooting by small mammals, all in the first few weeks post-sowing; insect attack (26%) and drought (13%) were other important causes of seedling deaths. Protecting seedlings with exclosures had a dramatic effect on seedling survivorship within the fallow forest, increasing to over 50%. Because of their exceptional value, out or enrichment planting of these species may be economically viable both as part of forest management and agroforestry systems. Thus, planting out seedlings of these species in mixed species and fallow forest gaps with the appropriate soil chemical composition after the period of potential dry season and small mammal vulnerability is recommended. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, APO, AA 34002 USA. RP Hall, JS (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM hallje@si.edu NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 10 PY 2008 VL 255 IS 2 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.050 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 273OX UT WOS:000253942200004 ER PT J AU Petrizzo, MR Huber, BT Wilson, PA MacLeod, KG AF Petrizzo, Maria Rose Huber, Brian T. Wilson, Paul A. MacLeod, Kenneth G. TI Late albian paleoceanography of the western subtropical north Atlantic SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC ANOXIC EVENT; SEAWATER CARBONATE CONCENTRATION; LIVING PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; BASIN SE FRANCE; ORGANIC-MATTER; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; EVOLUTION AB A late Albian-early Cenomanian record (similar to 103.3 to 99.0 Ma), including organic-rich deposits and a delta(13)C increase associated with oceanic anoxic event 1d (OAE 1d), is described from Ocean Drilling Program sites 1050 and 1052 in the subtropical Atlantic. Foraminifera are well preserved at these sites. Paleotemperatures estimated from benthic delta(18)O values average similar to 14 degrees C for middle bathyal Site 1050 and similar to 17 degrees C for upper bathyal Site 1052, whereas surface temperatures are estimated to have ranged from 26 degrees C to 31 degrees C at both sites. Among planktonic foraminifera, there is a steady balance of speciation and extinction with no discrete time of major faunal turnover. OAE 1d is recognized on the basis of a 1.2 parts per thousand delta(13)C increase (similar to 100.0-99.6 Ma), which is similar in age and magnitude to delta(13)C excursions documented in the North Atlantic and western Tethys. Organic-rich "black shales" are present throughout the studied interval at both sites. However, deposition of individual black shale beds was not synchronous between sites, and most of the black shale was deposited before the OAE 1d delta(13)C increase. A similar pattern is observed at the other sites where OAE 1d has been recognized indicating that the site(s) of excess organic carbon burial that could have caused the delta(13)C increase has (have) yet to be found. Our findings add weight to the view that OAEs should be chemostratigraphically (delta(13)C) rather than lithostratigraphically defined. C1 [Petrizzo, Maria Rose] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ardito Desio, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Huber, Brian T.] Smithsonian Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wilson, Paul A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [MacLeod, Kenneth G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Petrizzo, MR (reprint author), Univ Milan, Dipartimento Sci Terra Ardito Desio, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI MacLeod, Kenneth/C-4042-2017; Petrizzo, Maria Rose/M-8672-2013 OI MacLeod, Kenneth/0000-0002-6016-0837; Petrizzo, Maria Rose/0000-0002-9584-8471 NR 63 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD MAR 8 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 1 AR PA1213 DI 10.1029/2007PA001517 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 276RH UT WOS:000254159300002 ER PT J AU Kwan, JC Rocca, JR Abboud, KA Paul, VJ Luesch, H AF Kwan, Jason C. Rocca, James R. Abboud, Khalil A. Paul, Valerie J. Luesch, Hendrik TI Total structure determination of grassypeptolide, a new marine cyanobacterial cytotoxin SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ASCIDIAN LISSOCLINUM-PATELLA; CONSTITUENT AMINO-ACIDS; SPONGE THEONELLA SP; ABSOLUTE-CONFIGURATION; LYNGBYA-MAJUSCULA; CYCLIC-PEPTIDES; METABOLITES; ELASTASE; POTENT; LC/MS AB A collection of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides; off Grassy Key in Florida yielded grassypeptolide (1), a 31-membered macrocyclic depsipeptide with unusually high D-amino acid. content, two thiazolines, and one beta-amino acid. We report the rigorous 3D structure determination and conformational analysis in solution and solid state by NMR, MS, X-ray crystallography, chemical degradation, and molecular modeling involving distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics. Grassypeptolide (1) inhibited cancer cell growth with IC(50) values from 1.0 to 4.2 mu M. C1 [Kwan, Jason C.; Luesch, Hendrik] Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Rocca, James R.] Univ Florida, McKnight Inst, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Abboud, Khalil A.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Paul, Valerie J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Luesch, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Med Chem, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM luesch@cop.ufl.edu RI Kwan, Jason/F-9589-2010 OI Kwan, Jason/0000-0001-9933-1536 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD MAR 6 PY 2008 VL 10 IS 5 BP 789 EP 792 DI 10.1021/0l702946d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 267OX UT WOS:000253519600026 PM 18220404 ER PT J AU Forrester, JA Vandenberg, NJ AF Forrester, Juanita A. Vandenberg, Natalia J. TI First Florida records for Anovia circumclusa (Gorham) (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae : Noviini): A natural enemy of Icerya genistae Hempel (Hemiptera : Margarodidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Letter C1 [Forrester, Juanita A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Inst Plant Sci,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Forrester, JA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 413 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM juanita.forrester@gmail.com; Natalia.Vandenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 5 PY 2008 IS 1720 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 271UO UT WOS:000253814400004 ER PT J AU Donovan, SK Pawson, DL AF Donovan, Stephen K. Pawson, David L. TI A new species of the sessile crinoid Holopus d'Orbigny from the tropical western Atlantic, with comments on holopodid ecology (Echinodermata : Crinoidea : Holopodidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Holopus; crinoidea; systematics; ecology ID STALKED CRINOIDS; FAMILY HOLOPODIDAE; NOV-SP; CYATHIDIUM; GENERA; RANGII AB Holopus mikihe new species is only the sixth extant holopodid crinoid to be described. It differs from all other extant holopodids in having large and distinct raised tubercles in the center line of the aboral surface of proximal secundibrachials, giving it the appearance of a mailed fist. The holotype, from 758 m, also comes from outside the known depth range of the other tropical western Atlantic species, H. rangii d'Orbigny. Some comments are provided on the ecology of Caribbean holopodids, based upon data obtained during dives of the Johnson-Sea-Link manned submersibles. C1 [Donovan, Stephen K.] Natl Nat Hist Museum, Dept Geol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Pawson, David L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Donovan, SK (reprint author), Natl Nat Hist Museum, Dept Geol, Postbus 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM donovan@naturalis.nnm.nl; pawsond@si.edu RI Donovan, Stephen/O-1285-2015 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD MAR 3 PY 2008 IS 1717 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 270IP UT WOS:000253714800003 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. TI Underlying assumptions of human spaceflight in the United States SO ACTA ASTRONAUTICA LA English DT Review AB Throughout the 50 years of the space age, a basic assumption has reigned that human exploration represented the epitome of the endeavor. Both the United States and the Soviet Union founded their efforts on that belief and remain to the date dominant forces in the human exploration and development of space. But why did the two superpowers locked in the cold war struggle pursue human spaceflight? The answer usually given involves the quest for pride and prestige in the cold war rivalry as each sought to best the other in a complex and expensive game of "one-upmanship." Without denying the significance of the cold war in prying open the treasury of the United States for human spaceflight, the endeavor seems to have been attractive in the first place because of several underlying assumptions that are deeply seated in the American values. This essay suggests that Americans embraced human space exploration because of its potential for extending human dominion into space and for the promise of colonization and expansion, although that has usually been at best a subtext for the effort. When thinking about these human activities over the long term, moreover, it raises important and difficult questions about the evolution and survival of the species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM launiusr@si.edu NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0094-5765 J9 ACTA ASTRONAUT JI Acta Astronaut. PD MAR-APR PY 2008 VL 62 IS 6-7 BP 341 EP 356 DI 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.06.001 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 290OQ UT WOS:000255132500001 ER PT J AU Basset, Y Missa, O Alonso, A Miller, SE Curletti, G De Meyer, M Eardley, CD Mansell, MW Novotny, V Wagner, T AF Basset, Y. Missa, O. Alonso, A. Miller, S. E. Curletti, G. De Meyer, M. Eardley, C. D. Mansell, M. W. Novotny, V. Wagner, T. TI Faunal turnover of arthropod assemblages along a wide gradient of disturbance in Gabon SO AFRICAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; parataxonomy; rainforest; savanna; species replacement; insect conservation ID TROPICAL FOREST; BUTTERFLY DIVERSITY; INSECT POPULATIONS; SOUTHERN CAMEROON; BUDONGO FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; ABUNDANCE; BIODIVERSITY; HYMENOPTERA; TAXONOMY AB We examined the results of a study in Gamba, Gabon, focusing on the impacts of disturbance on arthropods, including more than 400 000 individuals, from which 21 focal taxa were separated into 1534 morphospecies by parataxonomists. Replication included the understorey of three sites in each of four different stages of forest succession and land use (= 'habitats') after logging (old and young forests, savanna and gardens), surveyed over a whole year with three sampling methods. Generally, there was a good correspondence between the number of species sorted by taxonomists and the number of morphospecies sorted by parataxonomists. Despite higher taxonomic groups being present in most habitats, a large proportion of insect species was site- or habitat-specific. Anthropogenic modification of habitats did not result in a monotonic decline of abundance and diversity, as many herbivore pests and their associated predators and parasitoids invaded gardens, where plant productivity was kept artificially high year-round through watering and crop rotation. Because gardens were colonized mostly by invasive crop pests with little relation with the forest fauna, these results emphasize the concept of maintenance of 'quality biodiversity' and the value of considering other variables than species richness alone in conservation studies. Further, several lines of evidence indicated that savanna habitats at Gamba supported a species-poor arthropod fauna distinct from that in nearby habitats. It is therefore questionable whether in Africa insect assemblages of savanna represent a smaller subset of their neighboring forest fauna. C1 [Basset, Y.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Missa, O.] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5YW, N Yorkshire, England. [Alonso, A.] Smithsonian Inst, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Miller, S. E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Systemat Biol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Curletti, G.] Museo Civ Storia Nat, I-10022 Carmagnola, TO, Italy. [De Meyer, M.] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Eardley, C. D.] Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-0121 Pretoria, South Africa. [Mansell, M. W.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Novotny, V.] Univ S Bohemia, Sch Biol Sci, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Novotny, V.] Univ S Bohemia, Ctr Biol, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Wagner, T.] Univ Koblenz Landau, Inst Integrierte Naturwissensch Biol, D-56070 Koblenz, Germany. RP Basset, Y (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM bassety@si.edu RI Missa, Olivier/G-2687-2012; Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014; Novotny, Vojtech/G-9434-2014; OI Missa, Olivier/0000-0002-4330-5192; Novotny, Vojtech/0000-0001-7918-8023; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC SOUTHERN AFRICA PI HATFIELD PA PO BOX 13162, HATFIELD 0028, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1021-3589 J9 AFR ENTOMOL JI Afr. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 47 EP 59 DI 10.4001/1021-3589-16.1.47 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 304UA UT WOS:000256133400007 ER PT J AU Yanoviak, SP Fisher, BL Alonso, A AF Yanoviak, S. P. Fisher, B. L. Alonso, A. TI Arboreal ant diversity (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) in a central African forest SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; canopy; disturbance; Gabon; tropical forest ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; FIRE ANT; ABUNDANCE; CANOPY; FAUNA AB Like many developing tropical areas, central Africa is subject to substantial anthropogenic disturbance associated with the large-scale harvesting of natural resources. We surveyed the ants of the forest canopy at an oil extraction site near Gamba, Gabon. Ants were collected by hand and with tuna baits from nine tree crowns in late secondary forest. Thirty-six ant species were collected in all. Michaelis-Menten and incidence-based richness coverage estimates indicate that this represents 65% of the arboreal ant species richness at the site. Crematogaster spp. generally were behaviourally aggressive and monopolized baits in most trees. Taxonomic similarity (classical Sorensen index) averaged 0.25 (range = 0.00-0.50) between trees and was not a function of the distances separating them. No edge effects were detected, but there was a tendency for trees within the same forest patch to show higher similarity in ant composition than trees in separate patches. Overall arboreal ant species richness and composition in the disturbed forests around Gamba were similar to those found in primary forests of the region. C1 [Yanoviak, S. P.] Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. [Fisher, B. L.] Calif Acad Sci, Dept Entomol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Alonso, A.] Smithsonian Inst, Monitoring & Assessing Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Yanoviak, SP (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol, 2801 S Univ Dr, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM yanoviak@gmail.com OI Fisher, Brian/0000-0002-4653-3270 NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-6707 J9 AFR J ECOL JI Afr. J. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00810.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 259GP UT WOS:000252928100010 ER PT J AU Warner, DJ AF Warner, Deborah J. TI Ira Remsen, Saccharin, and the Linear Model SO AMBIX LA English DT Article AB While working in the chemistry laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, Constantin Fahlberg oxidized the 'ortho-sulfamide of benzoic acid' and, by chance, found the result to be incredibly sweet. Several years later, now working on his own, he termed this stuff saccharin, developed methods of making it in quantity, obtained patents on these methods, and went into production. As the industrial and scientific value of saccharin became apparent, Ira Remsen pointed out that the initial work had been done in his laboratory and at his suggestion. The ensuing argument, carried out in the courts of law and public opinion, illustrates the importance of the linear model to scientists who staked their identities on the model of disinterested research but who also craved credit for important practical results. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Warner, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM warnerd@si.edu NR 71 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0002-6980 J9 AMBIX JI Ambix PD MAR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 50 EP 61 DI 10.1179/174582308X255415 PG 12 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA V11WR UT WOS:000207562200003 PM 18831154 ER PT J AU Goerlitz, AA AF Goerlitz, Ameba A. TI An Interview with Cartoonist Jessica Abel SO AMERICAN ART LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Goerlitz, AA (reprint author), Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Fellowship Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1073-9300 J9 AM ART JI Am. Art PD SPR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 1 BP 18 EP 22 DI 10.1086/587913 PG 5 WC Art SC Art GA 392TT UT WOS:000262325800004 ER PT J AU Gordon, AD Green, DJ Richmond, BG AF Gordon, Adam D. Green, David J. Richmond, Brian G. TI Strong postcranial size dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis: Results from two new resampling methods for multivariate data sets with missing data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE resampling methods; geometric mean; hominin evolution; Monte Carlo methods ID ESTIMATING SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM; SINGLE-SPECIES HYPOTHESIS; BODY-WEIGHT; ANTHROPOID PRIMATES; FOSSIL RECORD; SHAPE VARIATION; CANINE SIZE; INTRASEXUAL COMPETITION; PROSIMIAN PRIMATES; HOMO-ERECTUS AB There is considerable debate over the level of size dimorphism and inferred social behavior of Australopithecus afarensis. Most previous studies have analyzed size variation in single variables or multiple variables drawn from single elements. These approaches suffer from small sample sizes, underscoring the need for new techniques that incorporate measurements from multiple unassociated elements, reducing the influence of random sampling on size variation in fossil samples. One such technique, the template method, has recently been proposed but is limited to samples with a template specimen and is sensitive to a number of assumptions. Here we present two new resampling methods that do not require a template specimen, allow measurements from multiple unassociated elements to be included in a single analysis, and allow for significance tests between comparative and fossil multivariate data sets with missing data. Using these new methods, multivariate postcranial size dimorphism is measured using eight measurements of the femur, tibia, humerus, and radius in samples of A. afarensis, modern humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. Postcranial dimorphism in A. afarensis is similar to that of gorillas and orangutans, and significantly greater than in modern humans and chimpanzees. Because studies in living primates have examined the association of behavior with dimorphism in body mass and craniodental measurements, not postcrania, relationships between postcranial dimorphism and social behavior must be established to make robust behavioral inferences for A. afarensis. However, the results of this and past studies strongly suggest behavioral and mating strategies differed between A. afarensis and modern humans. C1 [Gordon, Adam D.; Green, David J.; Richmond, Brian G.] George Washington Univ, Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Richmond, Brian G.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gordon, AD (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Adv Study Hominid Paleobiol, Dept Anthropol, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM agordon@gwu.edu OI Gordon, Adam/0000-0002-1807-4644 NR 80 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 135 IS 3 BP 311 EP 328 DI 10.1002/ajpa.20745 PG 18 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 262UW UT WOS:000253174500008 PM 18044693 ER PT J AU Lonsdale, O Marshall, SA AF Lonsdale, Onven Marshall, Stephen A. TI Synonymy within Clusia and description of the new genus Melanoclusia (Diptera : Clusiidae : Clusiinae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Clusiidae; Clusia; Amuroclusia syn. nov.; Paraclusia syn. nov.; Melanoclusia gen. nov. AB Clusia Haliday, 1839 (Clusiidae: Clusiinae) is redefined, with Amuroclusia Mamaev, 1987 syn. nov. and Paraclusia Czerny, 1903 syn. nov. included as junior synonyms. Melanoclusia gen. nov. is described for the new Malaysian species AT bivibrissa spec. nov. and treated as the sister group to Clusia. C1 [Lonsdale, Onven; Marshall, Stephen A.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lonsdale, O (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM neoxabea@hotmail.com NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2008 VL 101 IS 2 BP 327 EP 330 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2008)101[327:SWCADO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 270SL UT WOS:000253740400007 ER PT J AU Power, ML Schulkin, J AF Power, Michael L. Schulkin, Jay TI Anticipatory physiological regulation in feeding biology: Cephalic phase responses SO APPETITE LA English DT Review DE digestion; appetite; homeostasis; insulin; ghrelin; evolution ID GASTRIC-ACID-SECRETION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INCREASES FOOD-INTAKE; INSULIN-SECRETION; VAGAL-STIMULATION; SWEET TASTE; POSTPRANDIAL THERMOGENESIS; NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS; GHRELIN SECRETION; EATING PARADOX AB Anticipatory physiological regulation is an adaptive strategy that enables animals to respond faster to physiologic and metabolic challenges. The cephalic phase responses are anticipatory responses that prepare animals to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients. They enable the sensory aspects of the food to interact with the metabolic state of the animal to influence feeding behavior. The anticipatory digestive secretions and metabolic adjustments in response to food cues are key adaptations that affect digestive and metabolic efficiency and aid in controlling the resulting elevation of metabolic fuels in the blood. Cephalic phase responses enable digestion, metabolism, and appetite to be reaulated in a coordinated fashion. These responses have significant effects on meal size. For example, if the cephalic phase insulin response is blocked the result is poor glucose control and smaller meals. Cephalic phase responses also are linked to motivation to feed, and may play a more direct role in regulating meal size beyond the permissive one of ameliorating negative consequences of feeding. For example, the orexigenic peptide ghrelin appears to display a cephalic phase response, rising before expected meal times. This anticipatory ghrelin response increases appetite; interestingly it also enhances fat absorption, linking appetite with digestion and metabolism. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Power, Michael L.; Schulkin, Jay] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Power, Michael L.; Schulkin, Jay] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Schulkin, Jay] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Schulkin, Jay] Georgetown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, 409 12th St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM mpower@acog.org OI Power, Michael/0000-0002-6120-3528 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK077639, R01 DK077639-02] NR 88 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6663 EI 1095-8304 J9 APPETITE JI Appetite PD MAR-MAY PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2-3 BP 194 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.appet.2007.10.006 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 276FL UT WOS:000254126600002 PM 18045735 ER EF