FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. BE Sodhi, NS Ehrlich, PR TI Habitat destruction: death by a thousand cuts SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY FOR ALL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; CONSERVATION; FUTURE C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-955424-9; 978-0-19-172066-6; 978-0-19-955423-2 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 87 D2 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554232.001.0001 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC7SG UT WOS:000355184200005 ER PT J AU Lackey, JA AF Lackey, James A. TI Endosperm Size Diversity in Domesticated, Wild, and Semiwild Soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COTYLEDON AREOLES; BETA-MANNAN; LEGUMINOSAE; ANATOMY; HULLS AB Past literature documents that domesticated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., has trivial to almost nonexistent galactomannan-containing endosperm in mature dormant seeds. Current preliminary observations confirm limited endosperm for many domesticated soybean accessions, but show that many others have markedly larger endosperm, as do all wild (G. soja Sieb. & Zucc.) and semiwild (G. gracilis Skvortz.) accessions. A trend toward small endosperm seems to have taken place during soybean domestication, which may be explained by some undesirable effects of galactomannans on monogastric animals. The broad diversity of genetic resources for endosperm size and associated galactomannans in available domesticated, wild, and semiwild accessions suggests use of soybean as a model plant for exploring differences, including water relations, between endospermic and non-endospermic legume seeds. It also suggests their use for breeding domesticated soybean with even smaller amounts of galactomannans for use in animal feeds, large amounts of galactomannans for commercial use, or genetic manipulation of the endosperm for other uses. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dep Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Lackey, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dep Bot, NMNH MRC 166,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lackeyj@si.edu NR 42 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 168 EP 176 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.03.0124 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546VN UT WOS:000273842000019 ER PT S AU Kivilcim, CO Sterenczak, K Kanjir, U Sengul, A Stavbar, G Pakdil, ME Lobo, E Oo, KS AF Kivilcim, C. O. Sterenczak, K. Kanjir, U. Sengul, A. Stavbar, G. Pakdil, M. E. Lobo, E. Oo, K. S. BE Molenaar, M Woldai, T Tempelman, S TI ISPRS STUDENT CONSORTIUM MID-TERM STATUS REPORT (2008-2010) SO CROSS-BORDER EDUCATION FOR GLOBAL GEO-INFORMATION SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Cross-Border Education for Global Geo-Information of ISPRS-Mid-Term-Commission-VI CY JUN 02-04, 2010 CL Enschede, NETHERLANDS SP ISPRS Mid Term Commiss VI DE Education; Training; Sustainable Society; Organization; Future; ISPRS Student Consortium AB A new period started in ISPRS with the establishment of the official student and young professional body in the year of 2004; ISPRS Student Consortium (SC). SC has become a recognized structure of the society within the years. It is now a worldwide communication platform for students, young researchers and professionals within the fields of ISPRS. Various activities took place as it mission to provide a platform for exchange of information and organize student-specific events and other actions that integrate students and youth more effectively into ISPRS. The flame of youth was brought to the XXI ISPRS Congress Beijing in 2008. In addition to a number scientific and technical events dedicated to youth in the Beijing Congress, SC Assembly was held where statues of Student Consortium was voted and accepted. With the beginning of the new term, SC Board Members, Regional Coordinators and ISPRS TC VI/5 organized a number of technical activities and attended several events in international, regional and national levels in different continents, to promote SC and its mission. The volunteered members have been working to improve and extend the outputs such as high quality annual newsletter and public related materials and developing a well structured SC website. It organized the 4th annual Summer School in Warsaw, Poland in 2009, a SC Conference and co-organized workshops in Latin America with WGVI/5. Several activities were organized and ISPRS SC was presented by members in different student and professional organizations such as Asian Remote Sensing Society and United Kingdom Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society, International Geodetic Students Meeting, German Spoken Countries Student Society. In addition to these, SC has put in attention to increase the synergy and the participation of the young generation within ISPRS while maintaining its fundamental role. A number of the ISPRS TC Midterm symposiums in 2010 are targeted to increase the participation and activity of youth. This paper focuses to the continuous development in the organization, evaluates the activity and implementation of work plans between the years 2008-2010. In the final stage, it looks to the overall picture with ideas and further steps should be taken for the future of ISPRS SC. C1 [Kivilcim, C. O.; Sengul, A.; Pakdil, M. E.] ITU, Dept Geomat Engn, Fac Civil Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. [Sterenczak, K.] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Fac Forestry, Dept Forest Management Geomat & Econ, Warsaw, Poland. [Kanjir, U.; Stavbar, G.] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Civil & Geodet Engn, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Oo, K. S.] Kochi Univ Technol, Takagi Lab, Kochi, Japan. [Lobo, E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Smithsonian, Panama. RP Kivilcim, CO (reprint author), ITU, Dept Geomat Engn, Fac Civil Engn, Istanbul, Turkey. EM kcemalozgur@hotmail.com; Krzysztof.Sterenczak@wl.sggw.pl; ursa.kanjir@gmail.com; ahmetsengul@gmail.com; mete@mtrcn.com; elobo2@life.uiuc.edu; kyawsannoo@yahoo.com OI Sterenczak, Krzysztof/0000-0002-9556-0144 FU TC VI; ISPRS Council FX Once more we would like to express my sincere regards and thanks to continuous support and teachings of his experiences Dr. Manos Baltsavias, Chair of WGVI/ 5. We are all grateful to TC VI and ISPRS Council from ( 2004- 2008 and 2008- 2012) for their support. I also would like to express our sincere regards to Prof. Mojca Fras, Dr. Anka Lisec, Prof. Kohei Cho and Dr. Rahmi Nurhan Eelik, previous and current supporters. We thank to all international volunteers and sponsors to our events and activities. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38 BP 32 EP 37 PN 6 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Geography, Physical SC Education & Educational Research; Physical Geography GA BB2NO UT WOS:000341930300009 ER PT J AU Viviani, CA Hiller, A Werding, B AF Viviani, Carlos A. Hiller, Alexandra Werding, Bernd TI SWARMING IN OPEN SPACE IN THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL: A NEW POPULATION-SETTLEMENT STRATEGY IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC PORCELLANID CRAB, ALLOPETROLISTHES PUNCTATUS (DECAPODA, ANOMURA, PORCELLANIDAE) SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article ID PETROLISTHES-CINCTIPES ANOMURA; CRUSTACEA; SIZE AB Porcellanids are filter-feeders and most often inhabitants of the rocky intertidal and upper subtidal of all oceans. The limiting resource for these crabs is not food but space, which must meet the conditions of being hard, optimally exposed regarding water movement, and offering the crabs protection from predators. An optimal filtering spot is therefore actively controlled by one individual, usually the largest and strongest crab, through agonistic interactions. One southeast Pacific species, Allopetrolisthes punctatus (Guerin, 1835), displays a contrasting, atypical behaviour and settlement strategy, as it occupies open-spaced, unprotected, and therefore amply available space in the rocky intertidal. In order to investigate the biology of this species we carried out observations in the field and in aquariums in the vicinity of Coquimbo, Chile. A. punctatus seems to reduce predation pressure by building large swarms of individuals. The crabs tend to climb on top of each other, forming several layers. Adults were observed to carry juveniles on the carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs. We interpret this settlement strategy as an evolutionary novelty within the Porcellanidae, that allowed occupying non-colonized areas while maximizing survival of juveniles through a sort of "foster" parental care. C1 [Viviani, Carlos A.] Univ Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile. [Hiller, Alexandra] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City 084303092, Panama. [Werding, Bernd] Univ Giessen, Inst Tierokol, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. RP Viviani, CA (reprint author), Univ Arturo Prat, Ave Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique, Chile. EM carlosantonio.viviani@gmail.com; HillerA@si.edu; Bernd.Werding@bio.uni-giessen.de FU DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service); DFG (German Research Foundation) FX This study was supported by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) fellowships granted to C. A. Viviani. The field trip of B. Werding was partly financed by the DFG (German Research Foundation). We wish to thank Dr. Alfredo Cea Egana, La Herradura, Coquimbo, Chile, for providing us with the first photographs of the aggregations of Allopetrolisthes punctatus that he had made in his active time as a skin diver, and who gave us the first hint to the phenomenon described here. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PY 2010 VL 83 IS 4 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1163/001121610X489395 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 598SX UT WOS:000277859800004 ER PT J AU Kornicker, LS Humphreys, WF Danielopol, DL Harrison-Nelson, E AF Kornicker, Louis S. Humphreys, W. F. Danielopol, D. L. Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth TI ONTOGENY OF AN ANCHIALINE OSTRACOD FROM WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND COMMENTS ON THE ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF HALOCYPRIDIDAE SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article ID SP N. OSTRACODA; CHICXULUB IMPACT; INDIAN-OCEAN; CHRISTMAS ISLAND; DOLLOS LAW; EXTINCTION; CAVES; THAUMATOCYPRIDOIDEA; KORNICKERI AB Juvenile instars II, IV, and V of the anchialine halocyprid ostracod Danielopolina kornickeri Danielopol, Baltanas & Humphreys, 2000 (Thaumatocyprididae) are described and illustrated. In addition, a supplementary description of the adult male is presented. Specimens had been collected in Bundera Sinkhole, the type locality of the species in Western Australia. Also, juvenile instars I and II of the deep-sea species Thaumatoconcha radiata Kornicker & Sohn, 1976, which is in the same family as members of the genus Danielopolina, are described and illustrated. It is tentatively concluded that during its ontogeny, D. kornickeri has 6 growth stages; morphological characters useful in identifying the stage and sex of juveniles of D. kornickeri are presented. Finally, the hypothesis is proposed for an anchialine cave ancestor to the present-day planktonic Halocyprididae, now widely spread in the oceans. C1 [Kornicker, Louis S.; Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Humphreys, W. F.] Western Australian Museum, Collect & Res Ctr, Welshpool Dc, WA 6986, Australia. [Humphreys, W. F.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Anim Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. [Humphreys, W. F.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Danielopol, D. L.] Graz Univ, Austrian Acad Sci, Commiss Stratig & Palaeontol Res Austria, Inst Earth Sci, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Kornicker, LS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM kornickl@si.edu; bill.humphreys@museum.wa.gov.au; dan.danielopol@oeaw.ac.at; nelsone@si.edu FU Western Australian Museum; Department of Conservation and Land Management; National Estate Grants Program FX We thank the cave divers who voluntarily facilitated collection of the specimens from Bundera Sinkhole described herein, namely Craig Campbell, Paul Hosie, Andrew Poole, and David Warren. We also thank those colleagues who generously provided various information, namely: M. V. Angel (Southampton), J. P. Colin (Cestas), R. V. Dingle (Cambridge), C. Koberl (Vienna), D. J. Horne (London), S. Iepure (Cluj), A. Lord (Frankfurt/ Main), P. Marmonier (Lyon), T. Namiotko (Gdansk), W. Piller (Graz), B. Sket (Ljubljana). The assistance of both Abbie Yorkoff who assisted in preparing the manuscript and Lana Ong who assisted in preparing the illustrations is appreciated. Field work was funded by the Western Australian Museum and grants to WFH from the Department of Conservation and Land Management and the former National Estate Grants Program, a Commonwealth-funded grants scheme administered by the Australian Heritage Commission (Federal Government) and the Heritage Council of Western Australia (State Government). NR 48 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X EI 1568-5403 J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PY 2010 VL 83 IS 6 BP 715 EP 752 DI 10.1163/001121610X498872 PG 38 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 598TC UT WOS:000277860400006 ER PT J AU Fornshell, J Ferrari, FD AF Fornshell, John Ferrari, Frank D. TI MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF PLEUROMAMMA ABDOMINALIS (COPEPODA, CALANOIDA, METRIDINIDAE) ALONG TWO LATITUDINAL TRANSECTS IN THE EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ZOOPLANKTON AB Adult females andmales of Pleuromamma abdominalis were examined from 26 plankton samples taken at stations in the eastern North Pacific Ocean along two latitudinal gradients, 150 degrees W between 21.55 degrees N and 14.00 degrees S, and 119 degrees W between 17.09 degrees N and 20.00 degrees S. The species was found at all stations except three between 17.9 degrees N and 12.6 degrees N along 119 degrees W. Variation within a sample was observed in the ventral attenuations [= spiniform outgrowths] of the first segment of antenna 1 of females, and specimens referable to P. abdominalis forma edentata could not be distinguished unequivocally from other females. Males with a strongly asymmetrical urosome and re-curved lateral seta on the left caudal ramus, referable to P. abdominalis forma abdominalis, were found, as were males with a quasi-symmetrical urosome and simple lateral seta on the left caudal ramus, referable to P. abdominalis forma abyssalis. Specimens of the latter form were not restricted to deep water but were present in samples taken as shallow as 200 m. Males with a slightly asymmetrical urosome, not as pronounced as that of P. abdominalis forma abdominalis, and with a simple lateral seta on the left caudal ramus, also were found. The degree of asymmetry among this third group of males was variable. There was no discernable pattern in depth or geographical distribution of either female or male morphs. Based on gradations of morphological states traditionally used to diagnose the different forms of P. abdominalis, the species appears to be variable, but the nominal forms should not be considered subspecies. Morphological variation among females and males of P. abdominalis should continue to be registered; in situations where groups of P. abdominalis can be clearly categorized, they should be denoted simply as morphs. C1 [Fornshell, John; Ferrari, Frank D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC, MRC 534, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Fornshell, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, IZ MSC, MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM johnfornshell@hotmail.com NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PY 2010 VL 83 IS 6 BP 753 EP 765 DI 10.1163/001121610X492120 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 598TC UT WOS:000277860400007 ER PT J AU Basterra, MD AF del Rosario Basterra, Maria BE DelRosarioBasterra, M Trumbull, E SolanoFlores, G TI Cognition, Culture, Language, and Assessment How to Select Culturally Valid Assessments in the Classroom SO CULTURAL VALIDITY IN ASSESSMENT: ADDRESSING LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY SE Language Culture and Teaching LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCIENCE ASSESSMENTS; KNOWLEDGE; ENGLISH C1 [del Rosario Basterra, Maria] Smithsonian Inst, Multicultural Programs, Smithsonian Off Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 67 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-99979-3 J9 LANG CULT TEACH PY 2010 BP 72 EP 95 PG 24 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BUI00 UT WOS:000289410900006 ER PT B AU Trumbull, E Basterra, MD Solano-Flores, G AF Trumbull, Elise del Rosario Basterra, Maria Solano-Flores, Guillermo BE DelRosarioBasterra, M Trumbull, E SolanoFlores, G TI Reflections on the Promise of Cultural Validity in Assessment SO CULTURAL VALIDITY IN ASSESSMENT: ADDRESSING LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY SE Language Culture and Teaching LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Solano-Flores, Guillermo] Univ Colorado, Sch Educ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [del Rosario Basterra, Maria] Smithsonian Inst, Multicultural Programs, Smithsonian Off Educ, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-99979-3 J9 LANG CULT TEACH PY 2010 BP 277 EP 287 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Language & Linguistics SC Education & Educational Research; Linguistics GA BUI00 UT WOS:000289410900014 ER PT J AU Kun, ME Piantoni, C Krenz, JD Ibarguengoytia, NR AF Kun, Marcelo E. Piantoni, Carla Krenz, John D. Ibargueengoytia, Nora R. TI Dietary analysis of Homonota darwini (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Northern Patagonia SO CURRENT ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nocturnal lizards; Diet; Gekkonidae; Patagonia; PCA ID NOCTURNAL LIZARD; LOW-TEMPERATURE; LIFE-HISTORY; GECKOS; PERFORMANCE; ECOLOGY; GROWTH; ENVIRONMENTS; LOCOMOTION; BIOLOGY AB Our study investigated the diet of the southernmost gecko in the world, Homonota darwini. Fifty-three specimens were captured during spring and summer in four locations in Patagonia, Argentina. The stomach contents of the specimens were identified, and we found that prey consisted of six main groups: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Homoptera and Araneae, and the adults and larvae of moth Lepidoptera. Lepidoptera was the major dietary component. The presence of ants and moths as common prey suggests an ambush feeding strategy. In spring, females consumed more ants than males although no other dietary differences between males and females were evident. We found nine geckos with empty stomachs and six parasitized by nematodes. Presence of empty stomachs corroborates previous observations of other nocturnal geckos and non-gecko lizards. Reduced foraging success of nocturnal lizards could be due to difficulty in prey detection due to dim light, reduced or erratic activity of insect prey at night, or shorter activity times of geckos relative to diurnal success. Sex and season were not associated with the incidence of empty stomachs. Principal component analysis showed that four food alternatives correlated with season. The constraint of nocturnality, coupled with low night-time temperatures restricting feeding to only a few hours after sunset, appear to have caused a generality of diet which may limit energy acquisition. We conclude that H. darwini is an arthropod generalist and likely an ambush forager, as are many other nocturnal gekkonids [Current Zoology 56 (4): 406-410, 2010]. C1 [Kun, Marcelo E.; Ibargueengoytia, Nora R.] Univ Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, Dept Zool, Unidad Postal Univ Comahue, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Piantoni, Carla] Smithsonian Inst, NHB, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Krenz, John D.] Mankato State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. [Ibargueengoytia, Nora R.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Invest Diversidad & Medio Ambiente INIBIOMA, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Kun, ME (reprint author), Univ Comahue, Ctr Reg Univ Bariloche, Dept Zool, Unidad Postal Univ Comahue, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM mkun@crub.uncoma.edu.ar; norai@bariloche.com.ar RI Piantoni, Carla/K-2986-2015 OI Piantoni, Carla/0000-0002-1201-0041 FU CONICET [PIP5625, PICT 1086]; [UNC04B129] FX We are especially indebted to Felipe F. Curcio (Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo) and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism which have substantially improved the final product. The present study was partially supported by funds from UNC04B129 and CONICET PIP5625 and PICT 1086. We wish also to thank Dr. Pablo Martinez for the identification of the oribatid mite. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU CURRENT ZOOLOGY PI BEIJING PA CHINESE ACAD SCIENCES, INST ZOOLOGY, BEICHEN XILU, CHAOYANG DISTRICT, BEIJING, 100101, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-5507 J9 CURR ZOOL JI Curr. Zool. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 4 BP 406 EP 410 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 619AS UT WOS:000279399300004 ER PT S AU Carrano, MT Wilson, JA Barrett, PM AF Carrano, Matthew T. Wilson, Jeffrey A. Barrett, Paul M. BE Moody, RTJ Buffetaut, E Naish, D Martill, DM TI The history of dinosaur collecting in central India, 1828-1947 SO DINOSAURS AND OTHER EXTINCT SAURIANS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARNOSAURS AB The history of dinosaur collecting in central India (former Central Provinces and Central India Agency) began in 1828 when W. H. Sleeman discovered isolated sauropod caudal vertebrae in the Lameta Formation near Jabalpur. Subsequently, the area became a focal point for fossil collection, leading to a series of further discoveries that continues today. The earliest discoveries were made by numerous collectors for whom palaeontology was a secondary pursuit, and who were employed in the armed forces (W. H. Sleeman and W. T. Nicolls), medicine (G. G. Spilsbury) or as geologists (T. Oldham, H. B. Medlicott, T. W. H. Hughes and C. A. Matley). Most of their finds were concentrated around Jabalpur or farther south near Pisdura and often consisted of isolated, surface-collected bones. Charles Matley undertook the two most extensive collecting efforts, in 1917-1919 and 1932-1933 (Percy Sladen Trust Expedition). As a result he discovered significant deposits of dinosaurs on Bara Simla and Chhota Simla, revisited Pisdura, and mapped the Lameta Formation. Many new dinosaur taxa resulted from Matley's studies, which still represent most of the known Lameta Formation dinosaur fauna. Current scientific understanding places these fossils among the Sauropoda (as titanosaurians) and Theropoda (as abelisaurids and noasaurids). Early reports of armoured ornithischians were erroneous; these materials also pertain to sauropods and theropods. C1 [Carrano, Matthew T.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wilson, Jeffrey A.] Univ Michigan, Museum Paleontol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wilson, Jeffrey A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Barrett, Paul M.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Palaeontol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Carrano, MT (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012,MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carranom@si.edu RI Barrett, Paul/A-2648-2010; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011 OI Barrett, Paul/0000-0003-0412-3000; Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-311-0 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2010 VL 343 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1144/SP343.9 PG 13 WC Geology; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA BTX98 UT WOS:000288386000009 ER PT J AU Dunham, AE Mikheyev, AS AF Dunham, Amy E. Mikheyev, Alexander S. TI Influence of an invasive ant on grazing and detrital communities and nutrient fluxes in a tropical forest SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological invasion; ecosystem function; food web; invasive ants; nutrient cycling; trophic cascade ID SOIL FOOD-WEB; RED FIRE ANT; WASMANNIA-AUROPUNCTATA; TROPHIC CASCADES; GROUND IMPACTS; PREDATORS; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; COLLEMBOLA AB Aim Pathways linking grazing and detrital subsystems of terrestrial ecosystems are important for ecosystem processes and function, but remain poorly understood. The invasion of a generalist predator creates a unique opportunity to study the effects of predation across these subsystems. We examine here, the effects of a non-native generalist predator, the little red fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata, Roger) on both grazing and detrital invertebrate communities and ecosystem processes in a rain forest understorey. Location Gamba Protected Area Complex, south-western Gabon, Africa. Methods We measured abundances and diversities of understorey grazing and detrital invertebrate communities, soil nutrients, herbivory, litter fragmentation rates and leaf chemistry of a dominant understorey shrub inside and outside of 19 separate invasion fronts. We then explored possible trophic cascades and pathways of interaction using path analysis. Results Results suggest that invasive ants may alter herbivory regimes, grazing and detrital communities, and may indirectly alter litter decomposition and nutrient cycling in the soil by suppressing important microbivore and detritivore populations with consequences for leaf chemistry. Main conclusions These results demonstrate that generalist predators may be major drivers of both grazing and detrital subsystems by inducing strong shifts in adjacent communities that ultimately affect ecosystem processes. C1 [Dunham, Amy E.] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Dunham, Amy E.] Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Monitoring & Assessment Biodivers Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Mikheyev, Alexander S.] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78752 USA. RP Dunham, AE (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, MS 170,6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM aed4@rice.edu RI Mikheyev, Alexander Mikheyev/E-7999-2013; Dunham, Amy/B-6161-2009; Mikheyev, Alexander/O-7670-2014 OI Mikheyev, Alexander Mikheyev/0000-0003-4369-1019; Dunham, Amy/0000-0002-5184-3652; Mikheyev, Alexander/0000-0003-4369-1019 FU Shell Foundation; US Smithsonian Endowment; Gabon Biodiversity Program [119] FX Thanks to A. Alfonso, A. Henderson and V. Rudolf for discussions and advice and A. Alfonso and Smithsonian's Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity (MAB) program for hosting and sponsoring our work through a grant from the Shell Foundation. We thank L. Tchingnoumba for assistance in field work and laboratory processing of macroinvertebrates, and T. Pacheco, A. Honorez and O.S.G. Pauwels for organizational and administrative support. We thank Shell Gabon for providing logistic support and the US Smithsonian Endowment for funding this project. This is publication #119 of the Gabon Biodiversity Program. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 50 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00620.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 545HM UT WOS:000273723100004 ER PT J AU Fraser, NC Sues, HD AF Fraser, Nicholas C. Sues, Hans-Dieter TI The beginning of the 'Age of Dinosaurs': a brief overview of terrestrial biotic changes during the Triassic SO EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH LA English DT Article DE extinctions; insects; Pangaea; plants; tetrapods ID EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ATLANTIC MAGMATIC PROVINCE; END-PERMIAN EXTINCTION; NEWARK RIFT BASIN; MASS-EXTINCTION; JURASSIC BOUNDARY; EARLY EVOLUTION; TETRAPOD EXTINCTIONS; CHINLE FORMATION; IMPACT EJECTA AB The first appearance of dinosaurs during the early Late Triassic coincided with marked faunal changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Most of the major groups of extant tetrapods (or their proximate sister-taxa), including mammaliaforms, crocodyliform archosaurs, lepidosaurs and turtles, also first appeared in the fossil record during the Late Triassic. On the other hand, a number of Palaeozoic 'holdovers', such as procolophonid parareptiles, dicynodont therapsids and many groups of temnospondyls, vanished near or at the end of the Triassic. The tempo and mode of this faunal turnover have long been debated, but there has been growing acceptance of a rather sudden event, although the precise dating of such an event remains controversial. However, new discoveries have cast doubt on this assumption. The persistence of non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs alongside dinosaurs well into Norian times hints at a more protracted turnover. New data on Triassic insect assemblages indicate that turnover among insects may also have been more protracted and possibly not co-incident with the faunal changes among tetrapods. Future work directed toward improved absolute age assessments for major faunal assemblages will be critical for a better understanding of the transition from therapsid-dominated to dinosaur-dominated communities during the early Mesozoic. C1 [Fraser, Nicholas C.] Natl Museums Scotland, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sues, Hans-Dieter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fraser, NC (reprint author), Natl Museums Scotland, Chambers St, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 115 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1755-6910 J9 EARTH ENV SCI T R SO JI Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. PY 2010 VL 101 SI SI BP 189 EP 200 DI 10.1017/S1755691011020019 PN 3-4 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Geology; Paleontology GA 793AE UT WOS:000292791700002 ER PT J AU French, BM Koeberl, C AF French, Bevan M. Koeberl, Christian TI The convincing identification of terrestrial meteorite impact structures: What works, what doesn't, and why SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE impact craters; shock metamorphism; shocked quartz; spherules; craters; crater identification ID CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY; PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; PLANAR DEFORMATION FEATURES; PROBABLE EXTRATERRESTRIAL CONNECTION; MIOCENE BURIED CRATER; NORTH BONAPARTE BASIN; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; GAMMA COINCIDENCE SPECTROMETRY; SILICATE LIQUID IMMISCIBILITY; SERRAVALLIAN PUFFIN STRUCTURE AB In the geological sciences it has only recently been recognized how important the process of impact cratering is on a planetary scale, where it is commonly the most important surface-modifying process. On the Moon and other planetary bodies that lack an appreciable atmosphere. meteorite impact craters are well preserved, and they can commonly be recognized from morphological characteristics, but on Earth complications arise as a consequence of the weathering, obliteration, deformation, or burial of impact craters and the projectiles that formed them. These problems made it necessary to develop diagnostic criteria for the identification and confirmation of impact structures on Earth. Diagnostic evidence for impact events is often present in the target rocks that were affected by the impact. The conditions of impact produce an unusual group of melted, shocked, and brecciated rocks, some of which fill the resulting crater, and others which are transported, in some cases to considerable distances from the source crater. Only the presence of diagnostic shock-metamorphic effects and, in some cases, the discovery of meteorites, or traces thereof, is generally accepted as unambiguous evidence for an impact origin. Shock deformation can be expressed in macroscopic form (shatter cones) or in microscopic forms (e.g.. distinctive planar deformation features [PDFs] in quartz). In nature, shock-metamorphic effects are uniquely characteristic of shock levels associated with hypervelocity impact. The same two criteria (shock-metamorphic effects or traces of the impacting meteorite) apply to distal impact ejecta layers, and their presence confirms that materials found in such layers originated in an impact event at a possibly still unknown location. As of 2009 about 175 impact structures have been identified on Earth based on these criteria. A wide variety of shock-metamorphic effects has been identified, with the best diagnostic indicators for shock metamorphism being features that can be studied easily by using the polarizing microscope. These include specific planar microdeformation features (planar fractures [PFs], PDFs), isotropization (e.g., formation of diaplectic glasses), and phase changes (high pressure phases; melting). The present review provides a detailed discussion of shock effects and geochemical tracers that can be used for the unambiguous identification of impact structures, as well as an overview of doubtful criteria or ambiguous lines of evidence that have erroneously been applied in the past. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Koeberl, Christian] Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [French, Bevan M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, NMNH, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Koeberl, C (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Dept Lithospher Res, Althanstr 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM frenchb@si.edu; christian.koeberl@univie.ac.at FU Austrian Science Foundation [P18862-N10]; Smithsonian Institution FX We are grateful to a large number of colleagues who have provided comments, input, encouragement, material, photographs, discussions, etc. These include: B. Bohor, M. Boslough, W. Cannon, P. Claeys, G. Collins, M. Dence, A. Deutsch, B. Dressler, L. Ferriere, B. Glass, R. Grieve, G. Izett, S. Jaret, F. Langenhorst, H.J. Melosh, A. Montanari, J. Morrow, J. Ormb, G. Osinski, E. Pierazzo, W.U. Reimold, N.M. Short, B. Simonson, J. Spray, D. Stoffler, R.H. Vernon, and many others. We also thank the Department of Geology, University of Maryland, and S. Penniston-Dorland for the assistance with samples and photography of non-impact deformation structures in quartz, and JoAnn Sanner, Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, for help with preparation of some graphics. We are especially grateful to Jared R. Morrow and J. Wright Horton,jr. for thorough, detailed, and extremely helpful reviews of the manuscript. CK has been supported by the Austrian Science Foundation, most recently by grant P18862-N10. BMF thanks the Smithsonian Institution for support of this work as an Adjunct Scientist, and Mary-Hill French for continuing support, commentary, and patience. NR 636 TC 178 Z9 180 U1 12 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 EI 1872-6828 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.10.009 PG 48 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 556AT UT WOS:000274559600006 ER PT B AU Pawson, DL Vance, DJ AF Pawson, David L. Vance, Doris J. BE Harris, LG Bottger, SA Walker, CW Lesser, MP TI Austin Hobart Clark (1880-1954): His echinoderm research and contacts with his colleagues SO ECHINODERMS: DURHAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Echinoderm Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2006 CL Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH HO Univ New Hampshire AB Austin H. Clark (AHC) was a world authority on the Echinodermata, especially sea lilies and feather stars. His 218 publications on echinoderms included the magisterial 4500-page monograph on crinoids (1915-1967), the final volume co-authored by A.M. Clark. AHC exchanged thousands of good-humored letters with colleagues; they discussed evolution, classification, and ecology of echinoderms. Fisher, H.L. and A.M. Clark, Springer, Koehler, Verrill, Mortensen, Deichmann, were among his closest friends. AHC described 489 new species of echinoderms; he also won renown for research on butterflies, peripatus worms, and birds. He published a dozen books and about 300 popular articles on general natural history. He pioneered science programs on the radio in the 1920's. Of all his astonishing achievements in science, AHC will best be remembered for: (I) His crinoid research - he brought order to this group of complex animals, and (2) Establishing the great echinoderm collections at the Smithsonian Institution. C1 [Pawson, David L.; Vance, Doris J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Pawson, DL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-40819-6 PY 2010 BP XXV EP XXXVI PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BPB76 UT WOS:000278474900001 ER PT B AU Lessios, HA AF Lessios, H. A. BE Harris, LG Bottger, SA Walker, CW Lesser, MP TI Speciation in sea urchins SO ECHINODERMS: DURHAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Echinoderm Conference CY AUG 07-11, 2006 CL Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH HO Univ New Hampshire ID GENUS ECHINOMETRA; GAMETE RECOGNITION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; RAPID EVOLUTION; SPERM BINDIN; PACIFIC; HYBRIDIZATION AB Data relevant to processes that give rise to new species of echinoids are reviewed. Phylogeo-graphic information from mitochondrial DNA is used to ask whether speciation in sea urchins fits the allopatric model, which predicts that if reproductive isolation accumulates steadily with time, then young, closely related species would tend to occur on two sides of a geographic barrier. The conclusion of this analysis is that most genera show a strong signature of allopatric speciation, but that Echinometra, Lytechinus and Stronglyocentrotus also contain recently diverged sister species that are sympatric. The reason for these exceptions is probably not that sympatric speciation has occurred, but rater that reproductive isolation is not a function of divergence time alone. Although postzygotic isolation (lower hybrid fitness) in echinoids is correlated with divergence time, prezygotic isolation seems to arise due to additional factors, which at are not necessarily related to the time that species have remained separate. There is no correlation between gametic incompatibility and time; bindin, one of the molecules responsible for gametic isolation, evolves under strong selection in some genera, but neutrally in others. Even though there is some evidence for reinforcement as a selective force on bindin, the differences in intensity of selection between the genera are more likely caused by intraspecific processes, such as variation in local sperm density. If so, age of species would not be a good predictor of geographic overlap, because young species may be reproductively isolated, while old species may be compatible, regardless of whether they arose sympatrically or allopatrically. The paucity of extant species in echinoids indicates that even though gametic reproductive isolation can arise rapidly, such events, leading to speciation, do not happen often. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Lessios, HA (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-0-415-40819-6 PY 2010 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BPB76 UT WOS:000278474900015 ER PT J AU Marten-Rodriguez, S Fenster, CB AF Marten-Rodriguez, Silvana Fenster, Charles B. TI Pollen limitation and reproductive assurance in Antillean Gesnerieae: a specialists vs. generalist comparison SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autonomous self-pollination; Dominican Republic; generalized pollination; Gesneriaceae; pollen limitation; Puerto Rico; reproductive assurance; specialized pollination ID AQUILEGIA-CANADENSIS RANUNCULACEAE; SELF-FERTILIZATION; POLLINATION SYNDROMES; PLANT REPRODUCTION; CROSS-FERTILIZATION; FLOWERING PLANTS; BREEDING SYSTEMS; SELECTION; VISITATION; SIZE AB Pollen limitation of female fecundity is widespread among angiosperms, a signal that pollinators frequently fail to transfer pollen to fertilize all ovules. Recent surveys have suggested that pollen limitation is associated with floral specialization. This Study uses a group of Antillean Gesneriaceae with contrasting pollination systems (bat, hummingbird, and generalist) to assess the premise that plants with specialized pollination systems and infrequent pollinator Visitation experience greater pollen limitation Of fruit and seed set than their generalist congeners. Alternatively, specialists may possess mechanisms that reduce pollen limitation such as autonomous self-pollination. A survey of autonomous Self-pollination conducted on 13 Gesneria and Rhytidophyllum species during 2006-2008 revealed no significant association between reproductive assurance mechanisms and pollination system specialization. However, high levels of potential autonomous self-pollination were Only found among specialized hummingbird-pollinated species. A comparison of fruit and seed set between emasculated and unmanipulated flowers provided evidence for autonomous selfing acting as I reproductive assurance mechanism in three out of four ornithophilous species. Furthermore. the Puerto Rican population of G. reticulata relies almost exclusively on self-pollination for reproduction. Two-year pollen supplementation experiments conducted on nine Gesnerieae species from the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico provided evidence for significant pollen limitation associated with pollination specialization including both bat- and hummingbird-pollinated Gesnerieae, no pollen limitation was detected in any of the four generalist species. No pollen limitation was detected either in two ornithophilous Gesneria species with low hummingbird visitation and high levels of autonomous self-pollination. This Study provides Support for the idea that generalized pollination systems may, in some cases. buffer against fluctuations in the pollinator environment. However, the use of reproductive assurance mechanisms allows the maintenance of highly specialized pollination systems ill pollinator depauperate environments. C1 [Marten-Rodriguez, Silvana; Fenster, Charles B.] Univ Maryland, Behav Ecol Evolut & Systemat Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marten-Rodriguez, Silvana] Univ Costa Rica, Herbario, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Fenster, Charles B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Marten-Rodriguez, S (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Biol, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM smartenr@gmail.com FU American Gloxinia and Gesneria Society; Explorers Club-Washington Group; Graduate Woman in Science; Sigma Xi; University of Maryland; NSF [DDIG 0710196] FX We are grateful to Abel Almarales, Teodoro Clase, Xin-Sheng Chen, Ana Chuquin. Michel Faife, Daniel Growald. Carlo Moreno, Brigiclo Peguero, and Daniel Stanton for invaluable assistance conducting fieldwork. We are grateful to M. Dudash, C. Herrera. D. Inouye, and two anonymous reviewers for insiglifful revisions to earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank R. Reynolds for statistical assistance. We thank the Arecibo Observatory and Jardin Botanico de Santo Domingo for logistical Support. Funding for fieldwork was provided by the American Gloxinia and Gesneria Society, Bamford Fund (UMD), the Explorers Club-Washington Group, Graduate Woman in Science, Sigma Xi, and the University of Maryland to S. Marten-Rodriguez, and NSF DDIG 0710196 to S. Marten-Rodriguez and C. B. Fenster. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 30 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 155 EP 165 DI 10.1890/08-2115.1 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 567PG UT WOS:000275458500019 PM 20380205 ER PT S AU Brown, KM Lydeard, C AF Brown, Kenneth M. Lydeard, Charles BE Thorp, JH Covich, AP TI Mollusca: Gastropoda SO ECOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES, 3RD EDITION SE Aquatic Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRESH-WATER; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CONSERVATION ECOLOGY; RDNA SEQUENCES; CERITHIOIDEA; SNAILS; PLEUROCERIDAE; SYSTEMATICS C1 [Brown, Kenneth M.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lydeard, Charles] NZP, Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat Educ & Sustainabil, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Brown, KM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM kmbrown@lsu.edu; LydeardC@si.edu NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4595 BN 978-0-08-088981-8 J9 AQUAT ECOL SER JI Aquat. Ecol. Ser. PY 2010 BP 277 EP 307 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374855-3.00010-8 PG 31 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHA69 UT WOS:000324826800011 ER PT S AU Govedich, FR Bain, BA Moser, WE Gelder, SR Davies, RW Brinkhurst, RO AF Govedich, Fredric R. Bain, Bonnie A. Moser, William E. Gelder, Stuart R. Davies, Ronald W. Brinkhurst, Ralph O. BE Thorp, JH Covich, AP TI Annelida (Clitellata): Oligochaeta, Branchiobdellida, Hirudinida, and Acanthobdellida SO ECOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES, 3RD EDITION SE Aquatic Ecology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LEECHES; ARHYNCHOBDELLIDA C1 [Govedich, Fredric R.; Bain, Bonnie A.] Southern Utah Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. [Moser, William E.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Gelder, Stuart R.] Univ Maine Presque Isle, Dept Biol, Presque Isle, ME 04769 USA. [Davies, Ronald W.] Univ Calgary, Dept Biol Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Govedich, FR (reprint author), Southern Utah Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Cedar City, UT 84720 USA. EM govedich@suu.edu; bain@uss.edu; moserw@si.edu; stuart.gelder@umpi.edu; ron.davies@shaw.ca NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1573-4595 BN 978-0-08-088981-8; 978-0-12-374855-3 J9 AQUAT ECOL SER JI Aquat. Ecol. Ser. PY 2010 BP 385 EP 436 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374855-3.00012-1 PG 52 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHA69 UT WOS:000324826800013 ER PT B AU Dindo, M AF Dindo, M. BE Koob, GF LeMoal, M Thompson, RF TI Social Learning and Behavior Transmission SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE, VOL 3: P-Z LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANIMALS AB Asocial learning - Asocial learning describes individual learning that occurs in the absence of social interaction. Cultural variants - Group behaviors, or traditions, are considered culturally variable when they are present in at least one area, but absent in other areas with similar, if not identical, ecological conditions. Culture - Culture refers to group-specific variation in behavior that is a result of social influences. Some reserve this term for the human alone, due to the complex nature of human culture. Others place the main distinction between tradition and culture on the behavioral processes involved in the development and maintenance of cultural attributes (e.g., imitation, teaching, and language). Cumulative culture - When gradual modifications to behavior are added over time, a cumulative effect may lead to more advanced and complex traditions. Human cultural complexity is often attributed to this phenomenon. Imitation - In 1898, Thorndike broadly defined imitation as: "learning to do an act from seeing it done.'' It is, perhaps, the most debated social learning mechanism, as it is seen by many to require more complex cognitive abilities and mental representations of others. Whether it is seen in animals or not is also highly debated, and it is considered a hallmark of human cultural development. Social learning - Social learning refers to a range of learning mechanisms that are socially influenced either by the observation of others, or as a result of interactions with an individual and/or the byproducts of that individual's actions. Certain social learning mechanisms are thought to play a critical role in the development and maintenance of group-specific behaviors. Teaching - In observational learning, it is possible for one individual to gain information by watching another's actions or behavior. Teaching is the term used to distinguish the condition in which the model of the behavior modifies his or her actions in such a way that allows the observer to acquire that information more rapidly. Teachers often do this at a cost to their own productivity, and may even encourage or discourage the observer. Tradition - Group-specific behaviors that are exhibited by members of one group, but not another of the same species, are considered local customs, or traditions. Traditions are transmitted socially, rather than genetically, and are not merely the result of adapting to local ecological conditions. C1 [Dindo, M.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Dindo, M.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. RP Dindo, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI koob, george/P-8791-2016 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045396-5; 978-0-08-044732-2 PY 2010 BP 282 EP 287 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BA3WY UT WOS:000335074700041 ER PT J AU Hartzell, JL Jordan, TE Cornwell, JC AF Hartzell, Jeanne L. Jordan, Thomas E. Cornwell, Jeffrey C. TI Phosphorus Burial in Sediments Along the Salinity Gradient of the Patuxent River, a Subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay (USA) SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Phosphorus; Sediments; Patuxent river; Chesapeake bay; Citrate dithionite bicarbonate (CDB) ID AUTHIGENIC APATITE FORMATION; IRON-BOUND PHOSPHORUS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; FRESH-WATER; LAND-USE; ORGANIC-CARBON; NUTRIENT; ESTUARY; PHOSPHATE; EUTROPHICATION AB We used a sequential extraction technique and (210)Pb dating to determine the chemical form and amount of particulate phosphorus (PP) that is retained during burial in 1-m-long sediment cores collected along a salinity gradient from tidal freshwater to the mesohaline waters of the Patuxent River, a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. PP buried in the study sites with salinity values <= 3 was similar in concentration and form to PP entering the Patuxent from the watershed, suggesting efficient sequestration by the sediments at these low-salinity sites. PP extracted with citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate was the dominant form of PP at all salinities and all depths, and organic-P was the second most abundant fraction. We estimated that 81% of PP entering from the watershed is trapped in the sediments of the upper Patuxent subestuary and that the subtidal sediments retain three times as much PP as the marshes adjacent to the study sites. C1 [Jordan, Thomas E.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Cornwell, Jeffrey C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Hartzell, JL (reprint author), 75 Wilderness Court, Stafford, VA 22556 USA. EM jeannehartzell@comcast.net; jordanth@si.edu RI Cornwell, Jeffrey/R-5506-2016 OI Cornwell, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7111-2489 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0235884]; US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FX Funding was provided by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0235884, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. Greg Foster generously provided lab space at George Mason University. Technical assistance was provided by Nancy Goff, Joseph Miklas, Marc Sigrist, Mike Owens, and Jonathan Chester. Help also came from George Mason University students Kim Cone and Jackie Nguyen. This paper was improved by valuable and constructive suggestions from Don Kelso, Greg Foster, and two anonymous reviewers. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 92 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9232-2 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 567CU UT WOS:000275420700008 ER PT J AU Kettenring, KM McCormick, MK Baron, HM Whigham, DF AF Kettenring, Karin M. McCormick, Melissa K. Baron, Heather M. Whigham, Dennis F. TI Phragmites australis (Common Reed) Invasion in the Rhode River Subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay: Disentangling the Effects of Foliar Nutrients, Genetic Diversity, Patch Size, and Seed Viability SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay; Foliar nutrients; Genetic diversity; Invasive species; Microsatellite markers; Seed viability ID NORTH-AMERICA; COASTAL MARSH; SALT MARSHES; EXPANSION; ESTABLISHMENT; POPULATIONS; MECHANISMS; MANAGEMENT; LINEAGES; COMMUNIS AB The invasion and expansion of the introduced haplotype of Phragmites australis across North America is of growing concern. Previous studies in the Chesapeake Bay region found that Phragmites was more abundant, had higher foliar nitrogen, and produced more viable seeds in brackish wetland subestuaries with more anthropogenic development of the watershed. Here, we focus on a different scale and address issues related to the invasion of Phragmites within a single subestuary, the Rhode River. We evaluated patterns in seed viability, foliar nutrient concentrations, patch size, and genetic variation in ten Phragmites patches in wetlands that occur in the side of the subestuary that is surrounded by forest and 10 patches in wetlands that are in the side of the subestuary that has extensive anthropogenic development. Seed viability varied from 0-60% among the 20 patches but did not differ significantly between patches on the developed vs. forested sides of the Rhode River. Foliar nutrients also did not differ between patches on the two sides of the Rhode River. Seed viability, however, was negatively related to foliar nutrients. Most Phragmites patches consisted of >1 genotype. Larger patches had multiple genotypes, and patches with more genotypes produced more viable seeds. Our study indicates that the Rhode River subestuary behaves as one system with no differences in the measured Phragmites variables between the forested vs. developed sides of the watershed. Our findings also suggest a cyclical process by which Phragmites can spread: larger patches contain more genetic diversity, which increases the chances for cross-fertilization. The subsequent increased production of viable seeds can increase local levels of genetic diversity, which can further facilitate the spread of Phragmites by seed. C1 [Kettenring, Karin M.; McCormick, Melissa K.; Baron, Heather M.; Whigham, Dennis F.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Kettenring, KM (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM karin.kettenring@usu.edu OI Whigham, Dennis/0000-0003-1488-820X FU U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) [692105] FX This research was funded by U.S. EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Grant # 692105 to Denice Wardrop and a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship to KMK. Thanks to Dan Gustafson and the SERC work/ learn program for support of Heather Baron, Jay O'Neill for field and lab assistance, Nancy Goff and Nise Butera for performing the chemical analyses, Hannah Ingram for GIS assistance, Jeff Hunt and the Laboratory of Analytical Biology in Suitland, MD, for help with genetic analyses and use of their equipment, and Lori Biederman for a helpful review of our manuscript. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD JAN PY 2010 VL 33 IS 1 BP 118 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s12237-009-9241-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 567CU UT WOS:000275420700010 ER PT J AU Najjar, RG Pyke, CR Adams, MB Breitburg, D Hershner, C Kemp, M Howarth, R Mulholland, MR Paolisso, M Secor, D Sellner, K Wardrop, D Wood, R AF Najjar, Raymond G. Pyke, Christopher R. Adams, Mary Beth Breitburg, Denise Hershner, Carl Kemp, Michael Howarth, Robert Mulholland, Margaret R. Paolisso, Michael Secor, David Sellner, Kevin Wardrop, Denice Wood, Robert TI Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE climate; estuaries; circulation; biogeochemistry; vascular plants; fisheries ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; SEA-LEVEL RISE; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CTENOPHORE MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; CRABS CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-QUALITY AB We review current understanding of the potential impact of climate change on the Chesapeake Bay. Scenarios for CO(2) emissions indicate that by the end of the 21(st) century the Bay region will experience significant changes in climate forcings with respect to historical conditions, including increases in CO(2) concentrations, sea level, and water temperature of 50-160%, 0.7-1.6 m, and 2-6 degrees C, respectively. Also likely are increases in precipitation amount (very likely in the winter and spring), precipitation intensity, intensity of tropical and extratropical cyclones (though their frequency may decrease), and sea-level variability. The greatest uncertainty is associated with changes in annual streamflow, though it is likely that winter and spring flows will increase. Climate change alone will cause the Bay to function very differently in the future. Likely changes include: (1) an increase in coastal flooding and submergence of estuarine wetlands; (2) an increase in salinity variability on many time scales; (3) an increase in harmful algae; (4) an increase in hypoxia; (5) a reduction of eelgrass, the dominant submerged aquatic vegetation in the Bay; and (6) altered interactions among trophic levels, with subtropical fish and shellfish species ultimately being favored in the Bay. The magnitude of these changes is sensitive to the CO(2) emission trajectory, so that actions taken now to reduce CO(2) emissions will reduce climate impacts on the Bay. Research needs include improved precipitation and streamflow projections for the Bay watershed and whole-system monitoring, modeling, and process studies that can capture the likely non-linear responses of the Chesapeake Bay system to climate variability, climate change, and their interaction with other anthropogenic stressors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Najjar, Raymond G.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pyke, Christopher R.] US Green Bldg Council, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Adams, Mary Beth] US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Breitburg, Denise] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Hershner, Carl] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Kemp, Michael] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Howarth, Robert] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mulholland, Margaret R.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth &Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Paolisso, Michael] Univ Maryland, Dept Anthropol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Secor, David] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Sellner, Kevin] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Wardrop, Denice] Penn State Cooperat Wetlands Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wood, Robert] NOAA NCCOS, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Najjar, RG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM najjar@meteo.psu.edu; cpyke@usgbc.org; mbadams@fs.fed.us; breitburgd@si.edu; carl@sweethall.wetlan.vims.edu; kemp@hpl.umces.edu; rwh2@cornell.edu; mmulholl@odu.edu; mpaolisso@anth.umd.edu; secor@cbl.umces.edu; sellnerk@si.edu; dhw110@psu.edu; Bob.Wood@noaa.gov RI Mulholland, Margaret/E-8480-2011 OI Mulholland, Margaret/0000-0001-8819-189X NR 200 TC 146 Z9 151 U1 16 U2 172 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.026 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 545AU UT WOS:000273705000005 ER PT J AU Gonzaga, MO Sobczak, JF Penteado-Dias, AM Eberhard, WG AF Gonzaga, M. O. Sobczak, J. F. Penteado-Dias, A. M. Eberhard, W. G. TI Modification of Nephila clavipes (Araneae Nephilidae) webs induced by the parasitoids Hymenoepimecis bicolor and H. robertsae (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE behaviour manipulation; cocoon-web; parasitoid; orb-web; Ichneumonidae ID BUILDING BEHAVIOR; ORB-WEB; SPIDER; TETRAGNATHIDAE; ARANEIDAE; PHYLOGENY; PIMPLINAE AB Some polysphinctine ichneumonid wasps induce alterations in the web construction behaviour of their host spiders, and then suspend their pupal cocoons from the resulting ococoon webso. Cocoon webs that have been described previously appear to be designed to increase the web's mechanical stability, and thus to protect the wasp's cocoon. This study describes the cocoon webs of Nephila clavipes that are induced by two wasp species, Hymenoepimecis bicolor and H. robertsae, and shows that the alterations induced by H. bicolor make the webs more resistant to destruction. The cocoon webs of both species include a hub-like platform from which the cocoon is suspended, and are usually protected by a nearby tangle of barrier lines of variable density. The web alterations induced by H. bicolor are apparently not a consequence of parasitised spiders being in a poorer nutritional state, because orbs spun by parasitised spiders preceding the final ococoon webso were not significantly smaller than those of unparasitised spiders. Cocoon webs themselves were all highly reduced, and some of those induced by H. bicolor resemble the oskeletono webs that are occasionally made by unparasitised N. clavipes. We document a possible spider defence (molting) against polysphinctine parasitisation. C1 [Gonzaga, M. O.] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Penteado-Dias, A. M.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Biol Evolut, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Eberhard, W. G.] Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, W. G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Gonzaga, MO (reprint author), Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, Campus Umuarama,Bloco 2D, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. EM mogonzaga@yahoo.com.br RI Hymenoptera, Inct/I-2210-2013 FU Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia dos Hymenoptera Parasitoides da Regiao Sudeste Brasileira (HYMPAR/Sudeste - CNPq/CAPES/Fapesp); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [06/59810-8, 07/50731-0-MOG]; Katherine McLennan Brown Charitable Foundation; CAPES; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Universidad de Costa Rica FX We thank Gilbert Barrantes for allowing us to use his photo of a cocoon web, and two anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. We were supported financially by the Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia dos Hymenoptera Parasitoides da Regiao Sudeste Brasileira (HYMPAR/Sudeste - CNPq/CAPES/Fapesp), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (proc. 06/59810-8 and 07/50731-0-MOG), Katherine McLennan Brown Charitable Foundation and CAPES (JFS), and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Universidad de Costa Rica (WGE). We also thank Prefeitura Municipal de Jundiai and the staff of Base de Estudos de Ecologia e Educacao Ambiental da Serra do Japi. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0394-9370 EI 1828-7131 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 2 BP 151 EP 165 AR PII 921998531 DI 10.1080/03949371003707836 PG 15 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 595JJ UT WOS:000277606200005 ER PT J AU Chavarria-Pizarro, L West-Eberhard, MJ AF Chavarria-Pizarro, L. West-Eberhard, M. J. TI The behavior and natural history of Chartergellus, a little-known genus of neotropical social wasps (Vespidae Polistinae Epiponini) SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE nest architecture; sexual dimorphism; caste determination; social selection; communication; egg-guarding; aggressive displays; reproductive groundplan hypothesis ID SWARM-FOUNDING WASP; PAPER WASP; HYMENOPTERA-VESPIDAE; DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES; ASTELOECA-UJHELYII; CASTE DIFFERENCES; COLONY CYCLE; ASSOCIATIONS; FOUNDRESSES; GALLICUS AB This study reviews published data on the behavior and natural history of Chartergellus and presents the first observations on social interactions in this genus of tropical swarm-founding wasps. Observations of Chartergellus golfitensis in Costa Rica and C. punctatior in Colombia showed that queens perform a post-oviposition egg-guarding vigil, and a bending display like that characteristic of epiponine social wasps that lack consistent morphological differences between workers and queens and have caste determination in the adult stage. Young, old, and queen (egg-laying) females of C. golfitensis showed small differences that indicate color changes with age, and structural differences that could be due to seasonal or colony-cycle changes in developmental conditions, but do not rule out the possibility of pre-adult caste determination, a phenomenon that needs to be carefully distinguished from pre-adult caste bias. Sexual dimorphism and the behavior of males at the nest in C. golfitensis is described, as well as the aggressive and avoidance behavior of females toward males. Nest structure in both species is as described previously for Chartergellus species, but some anomalies and their possible evolutionary significance are discussed. Cell initiation by an egg-laying queen, a behavior never seen by workers, and by a young female with slightly developed ovaries, may be vestiges of ancestral solitary reproductive traits where developed ovaries are associated with cell construction. C1 [Chavarria-Pizarro, L.; West-Eberhard, M. J.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [West-Eberhard, M. J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP West-Eberhard, MJ (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM mjwe@sent.com NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0394-9370 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 317 EP 343 AR PII 929150000 DI 10.1080/03949370.2010.510035 PG 27 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 675WW UT WOS:000283872700001 ER PT J AU Briceno, RD Wegrzynek, D Chinea-Cano, E Eberhard, WG Rolo, TD AF Briceno, R. D. Wegrzynek, D. Chinea-Cano, E. Eberhard, W. G. Rolo, T. dos Santos TI Movements and morphology under sexual selection: tsetse fly genitalia SO ETHOLOGY ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE sexual selection; signals; genitalia; display traits ID COPULATORY COURTSHIP; GLOSSINA-MORSITANS; BEHAVIOR; COLEOPTERA; OVULATION; DIPTERA AB Shon (2009, Ethology Ecology Evolution 21: 161-172) pointed out that in order to understand the functional morphology of sexually selected structures that are used as signaling devices in birds, it is crucial to understand how these structures move during sexual interactions. This insight applies not only to bird feathers, but also to many other types of possible signaling devices, including male genitalia. This note highlights the need for studies of the behavior of genitalia, and describes two promising techniques, using a tsetse fly as an example. Observations of this species revealed otherwise cryptic, highly rhythmic and forceful thrusting, pinching, pressing, and scraping movements by the male's genitalia within the female's body that have no obvious relation to sperm transfer. Thus even though on the outside the male`s body is nearly motionless during long lapses during copulation, the female is subject to a barrage of possible stimulation from his genitalia during copulation. Similar studies are needed in other groups to understand the functional significance of genital morphology. C1 [Briceno, R. D.; Eberhard, W. G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Wegrzynek, D.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Chinea-Cano, E.] IAEA, Instrumentat Unit, Agcy Labs Seibersdorf, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Eberhard, W. G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Dpo, AA 34002 USA. [Rolo, T. dos Santos] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Synchrotron Radiat, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Briceno, RD (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Ciudad Univ, San Pedro, Costa Rica. EM rbriceno@biologia.ucr.ac.cr RI dos Santos Rolo, Tomy/F-5511-2016 OI dos Santos Rolo, Tomy/0000-0002-9771-3511 FU IAEA; STRI; Universidad de Costa Rica FX We thank the International Atomic Energy Agency for the use of flies and facilities, Andrew Parker and Marc Vreysen for logistic support, Rudolf Boigner and Carmen Marin for help rearing flies, and Mary Jane West-Eberhard for comments on the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge assistance from Andrzej Markowicz from IAEA Seibersdorf Laboratories, Christina Streli and Peter Wobrauschek from Atominstitut, Technical University Vienna, Austria, and the staff of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, in particular Alexander Rack, Timm Weitkamp, Patrik Vagovic and Tilo Baumbach. Without their support and advice this work could not have been completed. The IAEA, STRI, and the Universidad de Costa Rica provided financial support. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0394-9370 J9 ETHOL ECOL EVOL JI Ethol. Ecol. Evol. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 4 BP 385 EP 391 AR PII 929150282 DI 10.1080/03949370.2010.505581 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 675WW UT WOS:000283872700007 ER PT J AU Hoppenrath, M Yubuki, N Bachvaroff, TR Leander, BS AF Hoppenrath, Mona Yubuki, Naoji Bachvaroff, Tsvetan R. Leander, Brian S. TI Re-classification of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii as Polykrikos (Dinophyceae) based partly on the ultrastructure of complex extrusomes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PROTISTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chloroplast; Dinoflagellate; Peridinin; Polykrikoids; Taeniocyst-nematocyst complex; Ultrastructure ID GYMNODINIUM-SENSU-STRICTO; FLAGELLAR APPARATUS; DINOFLAGELLATE POLYKRIKOS; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENY; SCHWARTZII; KOFOIDII; CYST; NOV; SSU AB Athecate, pseudocolony-forming dinoflagellates have been classified within two genera of polykrikoids, Polykrikos and Pheopolykrikos, and different views about the boundaries and composition of these genera have been expressed in the literature. The photosynthetic polykrikoid Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, for instance, was originally described within Polykrikos and is now known to branch closely with several Polykrikos species in molecular phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal gene sequences. In this study, we report the first ultrastructural data for this species and demonstrate that Ph. hartmannii has all of the features that characterize the genus Polykrikos, including the synapomorphic "taeniocystnematocyst complex". We also demonstrate that the ultrastructure of the chloroplasts in Ph. hartmannii conforms to the usual peridinin-containing chloroplasts of most photosynthetic dinoflagellates, which improves inferences about the origin(s) and evolution of photosynthesis within the genus. After taking into account all of the ultrastructural data on polykrikoids presented here and in the literature, this species is re-classified to its original status as Polykrikos hartmannii. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoppenrath, Mona; Yubuki, Naoji; Leander, Brian S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hoppenrath, Mona; Yubuki, Naoji; Leander, Brian S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Bachvaroff, Tsvetan R.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Hoppenrath, M (reprint author), DZMB, Forschungsinst Senckenberg, Sudstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany. EM mhoppenrath@senckenberg.de RI Yubuki, Naoji/E-4913-2012 FU NSF [EF-0629624]; Tula Foundation (Centre for Microbial Diversity and Evolution); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [283091-04] FX This work was supported by a postdoctoral research salary to MH and TRBLife grant (NSF #EF-0629624); a postdoctoral research salary to NY from the Tula Foundation (Centre for Microbial Diversity and Evolution); and operating funds to BSL from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC 283091-04); BSL is a fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Program in Integrated Microbial Biodiversity. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0932-4739 J9 EUR J PROTISTOL JI Eur. J. Protistol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.ejop.2009.08.003 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 576XG UT WOS:000276182800004 PM 19767184 ER PT J AU Meyer, NP Boyle, MJ Martindale, MQ Seaver, EC AF Meyer, Neva P. Boyle, Michael J. Martindale, Mark Q. Seaver, Elaine C. TI A comprehensive fate map by intracellular injection of identified blastomeres in the marine polychaete Capitella teleta SO EVODEVO LA English DT Article AB Background: The polychaete annelid Capitella teleta (formerly Capitella sp. I) develops by spiral cleavage and has been the focus of several recent developmental studies aided by a fully sequenced genome. Fate mapping in polychaetes has lagged behind other spiralian taxa, because of technical limitations. Results: To generate a modern fate map for C. teleta, we injected 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3' 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) into individual identified blastomeres through fourth-quartet micromere formation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy at single-cell resolution was used to characterize blastomere fates during larval stages. Our results corroborate previous observations from classic studies, and show a number of similarities with other spiralian fate maps, including unique and stereotypic fates for individual blastomeres, presence of four discrete body domains arising from the A, B, C and D cell quadrants, generation of anterior ectoderm from first quartet micromeres, and contributions to trunk ectoderm and ventral nerve cord by the 2d somatoblast. Of particular interest are several instances in which the C. teleta fate map deviates from other spiralian fate maps. For example, we identified four to seven distinct origins of mesoderm, all ectomesodermal. In addition, the left and right mesodermal bands arise from 3d and 3c, respectively, whereas 4d generates a small number of trunk muscle cells, the primordial germ cells and the anus. We identified a complex set of blastomere contributions to the posterior gut in C. teleta, which establishes the most complete map of posterior gut territories to date. Conclusions: Our detailed cellular descriptions reveal previously underappreciated complexity in the ontogenetic contributions to several spiralian larval tissues, including the mesoderm, nervous system and gut. The formation of the mesodermal bands by 3c and 3d is in stark contrast to other spiralians, in which 4d generates the mesodermal bands. The results of this study provide a framework for future phylogenetic comparisons and functional analyses of cell-fate specification. C1 [Meyer, Neva P.; Martindale, Mark Q.; Seaver, Elaine C.] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Kewalo Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Boyle, Michael J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Seaver, EC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Pacific Biosci Res Ctr, Kewalo Marine Lab, 41 Ahui St, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM seaver@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [IOB05-44869] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (IOB05-44869 to ECS). NR 78 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 2041-9139 J9 EVODEVO JI EvoDevo PY 2010 VL 1 AR 8 DI 10.1186/2041-9139-1-8 PG 27 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology GA V26AD UT WOS:000208517600008 PM 20849573 ER PT B AU Power, ML AF Power, Michael L. BE Burrows, AM Nash, LT TI Nutritional and Digestive Challenges to Being a Gum-Feeding Primate SO EVOLUTION OF EXUDATIVORY IN PRIMATES SE Developments in Primatology-Progress and Prospects LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; SAGUINUS-FUSCICOLLIS; INTERPOPULATION DIFFERENCES; COMMON MARMOSET; SEED DISPERSAL; DIETARY FIBER; BODY-SIZE; ECOLOGY; MYSTAX; CALLITRICHIDS AB Gum is an unusual food that presents significant challenges to animals that feed on it. Gum is limited in availability; trees generally secrete it only in response to damage. Gum is a beta-linked complex polysaccharide, and as such is resistant to mammalian digestive enzymes and requires fermentation by gut microbes. It contains little or no lipid, low amounts of protein, and no appreciable levels of vitamins. As a food, gum can be characterized as difficult to obtain, potentially limited in quantity, difficult to digest, and primarily a source of energy and minerals. Despite these drawbacks, many primates feed extensively on gums. Among mammals, gum-feeding largely appears to be a primate dietary adaptation. Why are there so many primate gum-feeders and what adaptations have allowed them to make a living on such a problematic food? This is the central question of this book. This chapter examines digestive and nutritional aspects of gum. Specific examples of biological adaptations found in common and pygmy marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Cebuella pygmaea), small New World primate gum-feeding specialists, will be examined. These marmoset species have many similarities in their behavior, morphology and metabolism, but also some instructive differences in their digestive function. C. pygmaea is the smallest of the marmosets but has the slowest passage rate of digesta. This might represent an adaptation to retain difficult-to-digest material, such as gum, within the gut to allow fermentation. In contrast, C. jacchus has a rapid passage rate. Passage rate in C. jacchus appears adapted more for rapidly excreting indigestible material (e.g., seeds) than for retaining gum within the gut to enable more complete digestion. Fruit is a rare component of C. pygmaea's diet; hence any constraint on feeding caused by filling the gut with ingested seeds is greatly relaxed, apparently enabling digestive kinetics that favor digestive efficiency over maximizing food intake. Interestingly, however, these marmosets share an ability to digest gum despite their differences in gum kinetics. In captivity both species have been shown to be more able to digest Acacia gum than related species that feed less often on gum in the wild. C1 [Power, Michael L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Power, Michael L.] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Nutr Lab, Natl Zool Pk,POB 37012,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM powerm@si.edu NR 60 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6660-5 J9 DEV PRIMATOL-PROG PR JI Dev Primatol PY 2010 BP 25 EP 44 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA BRH24 UT WOS:000282705600002 ER PT S AU Wendler, JE Lehmann, J Kuss, J AF Wendler, Jens E. Lehmann, Jens Kuss, Jochen BE Homberg, C Bachmann, M TI Orbital time scale, intra-platform basin correlation, carbon isotope stratigraphy and sea-level history of the Cenomanian-Turonian Eastern Levant platform, Jordan SO EVOLUTION OF THE LEVANT MARGIN AND WESTERN ARABIA PLATFORM SINCE THE MESOZOIC SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CALCAREOUS DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS; WEST-CENTRAL JORDAN; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES; SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY; BOUNDARY STRATOTYPE; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; PALEOECOLOGY; PRODUCTIVITY; DELTA-C-13 AB Two Cenomanian-Turonian boundary (CTBE) sections (KB3 and GM3) of the Karak-Silla intra-platform basin of the Eastern Levant carbonate platform, Jordan, are correlated based on high-resolution calcimetry. KB3 contains black shales with over 7 wt% total organic carbon (TOC). GM3 was deposited at shallower water depth and reveals four conspicuous gypsum beds used for sea-level reconstruction. Spectral analysis of carbonate content and TOC reveals forcing, mainly by the 100 ka cycle of Earth's orbit eccentricity. Whole rock stable carbon isotope data show a conspicuous positive delta C-13 excursion representing the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). The carbon isotope records of KB3 and GM3 correspond well with the cycles in the delta C-13 record of the global stratotype (GSSP) at Pueblo (USA). The GSSP orbital timescale, thus, can be applied to the Jordan record. Furthermore, all stable isotope events defined in the English chalk reference record are recognized in Jordan. Our orbital model for the Jordan sequence-stratigraphical framework reveals approximately 1.2 (+/- 0.2) Ma duration of a third-order sequence, proposed to represent one cycle of the long obliquity (1.2 Ma). This long-term period is superimposed on three fourth-order fluctuations of 400 ka length (long eccentricity; fourth-order sea-level fluctuations), each of which comprises four carbonate cycles (100 ka eccentricity; fifth-order sea-level fluctuations). Demise of the Levant platform occurred during the phase of decreasing delta C-13 values after OAE2 in the interval between the Cenomanian-Turonian (C-T) boundary and the end of the Early Turonian. C1 [Wendler, Jens E.; Lehmann, Jens; Kuss, Jochen] Univ Bremen, Dept Geosci, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. RP Wendler, JE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, 10th & Constitut NW, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wendler@uni-bremen.de NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-306-6 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2010 VL 341 BP 171 EP 186 DI 10.1144/SP341.8 PG 16 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BUB91 UT WOS:000288756400009 ER PT S AU Holman, MJ AF Holman, M. J. BE Gozdziewski, K Niedzielski, A Schneider, J TI TRANSITS IN MULTIPLE PLANET SYSTEMS SO EXTRASOLAR PLANETS IN MULTI-BODY SYSTEMS: THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Extrasolar Planets in Multi-Body Systems: Theory and Observations CY AUG 25-29, 2008 CL Torun Ctr Contemporary Art, Torun, POLAND SP European Lab Astronomie Pologne France, Polish Minist Sci & Higher Educ, European Sci Fdn, European Network Computat Astrophys, Paris Meudon Observ, Torun Ctr Astron HO Torun Ctr Contemporary Art ID COROT SPACE MISSION; TIME-SERIES PHOTOMETRY; EXTRA-SOLAR PLANETS; MICROLENSING EVENT; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; TIMING VARIATIONS; MASS PLANETS; EXOPLANETS; EARTH; SEARCH AB Surveys for transiting extrasolar planets, including the space-based missions CoRoT and Kepler, are expected to detect hundreds of Jovian mass planets and tens of terrestrial mass planets. For many of these newly discovered planets, the intervals between successive transits will be measured with an accuracy of a few seconds. These timing measurements allow for the detection of additional planets in the system (not necessarily transiting), via their gravitational interaction with the transiting planet. The transit time variations depend on the mass of the additional planet, and in some cases Earth-mass planets will produce a measurable effect. When two or more planets transit the same star, the densities of the planets can be estimated from the photometry alone. I will review recent developments related to transits in multiple planet systems. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Holman, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mholman@cfa.harvard.edu NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0532-7 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2010 VL 42 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1051/eas/1042003 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUB45 UT WOS:000288723400003 ER PT J AU Tinetti, G Griffith, CA Swain, MR Deroo, P Beaulieu, JP Vasisht, G Kipping, D Waldmann, I Tennyson, J Barber, RJ Bouwman, J Allard, N Brown, LR AF Tinetti, Giovanna Griffith, Caitlin A. Swain, Mark R. Deroo, Pieter Beaulieu, Jean Philippe Vasisht, Gautam Kipping, David Waldmann, Ingo Tennyson, Jonathan Barber, Robert J. Bouwman, Jeroen Allard, Nicole Brown, Linda R. TI Exploring extrasolar worlds: from gas giants to terrestrial habitable planets SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemistry of the Planets CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brittany, FRANCE ID EXOPLANET HD 209458B; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM; EMISSION-SPECTRUM; THERMAL EMISSION; DAYSIDE SPECTRUM; PRIMARY TRANSIT; HOT JUPITERS; LINE LIST; MU-M AB Almost 500 extrasolar planets have been found since the discovery of 51 Peg b by Mayor and Queloz in 1995. The traditional field of planetology has thus expanded its frontiers to include planetary environments not represented in our Solar System. We expect that in the next five years space missions (Corot, Kepler and GAIA) or ground-based detection techniques will both increase exponentially the number of new planets discovered and lower the present limit of a similar to 1.9 Earth-mass object [e.g. Mayor et al., Astron. Astrophys., 2009, 507, 487]. While the search for an Earth-twin orbiting a Sun-twin has been one of the major goals pursued by the exoplanet community in the past years, the possibility of sounding the atmospheric composition and structure of an increasing sample of exoplanets with current telescopes has opened new opportunities, unthinkable just a few years ago. As a result, it is possible now not only to determine the orbital characteristics of the new bodies, but moreover to study the exotic environments that lie tens of parsecs away from us. The analysis of the starlight not intercepted by the thin atmospheric limb of its planetary companion (transit spectroscopy), or of the light emitted/reflected by the exoplanet itself, will guide our understanding of the atmospheres and the surfaces of these extrasolar worlds in the next few years. Preliminary results obtained by interpreting current atmospheric observations of transiting gas giants and Neptunes are presented. While the full characterisation of an Earth-twin might requires a technological leap, our understanding of large terrestrial planets (so called super-Earths) orbiting bright, later-type stars is within reach by current space and ground telescopes. C1 [Tinetti, Giovanna; Beaulieu, Jean Philippe; Kipping, David; Waldmann, Ingo; Tennyson, Jonathan; Barber, Robert J.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1 E6BT, England. [Griffith, Caitlin A.] Univ Arizona, LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Swain, Mark R.; Deroo, Pieter; Vasisht, Gautam; Brown, Linda R.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Beaulieu, Jean Philippe; Allard, Nicole] Inst Astrophys Paris, Paris, France. [Kipping, David] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys CfA, Cambridge, MA 02144 USA. [Bouwman, Jeroen] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Tinetti, G (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1 E6BT, England. EM g.tinetti@ucl.ac.uk RI Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Tinetti, Giovanna/0000-0001-6058-6654 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2010 VL 147 BP 369 EP 377 DI 10.1039/c005126h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 685DR UT WOS:000284608900020 PM 21302557 ER PT S AU Frebel, A AF Frebel, Anna BE Whalen, D Bromm, V Yoshida, N TI Chemical Abundances of Metal-Poor Stars and their Connection to the Pop III IMF SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr DE 97.10.Tk; 97.20.Tr; 97.20.Wt; 98.35.Bd; 98.56.Wm; 98.80.Ft ID DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; R-PROCESS; STELLAR ARCHAEOLOGY; 1ST STARS; UNIVERSE; MILKY AB The chemical evolution of the Galaxy and the early Universe is a key topic in modern astrophysics: Since the most metal-poor Galactic stars are the local equivalent of the high-redshift Universe, they can be employed to reconstruct the onset of the chemical and dynamical formation processes of the Galaxy, the origin and evolution of the elements, and associated nucleosynthesis processes. They also provide constraints on the nature of the first stars and SNe, the initial mass function, and early star formation processes. I will discuss how the two most iron-poor stars, metal. poor stars with r-process abundance signatures, and the newly discovered extremely metal-poor stars in small dwarf galaxies are prime candidates to study the elusive first stars and their nucleosynthetic yields. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Frebel, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0849-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1294 BP 90 EP 95 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTZ41 UT WOS:000288517300015 ER PT J AU Holtum, JAM Winter, K AF Holtum, Joseph A. M. Winter, Klaus TI Elevated [CO2] and forest vegetation: more a water issue than a carbon issue? SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; carbon sequestration; evapotranspiration; FACE (free air CO2 enrichment); water use efficiency ID UNDISTURBED AMAZONIAN FORESTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TROPICAL PIONEER TREE; FICUS-INSIPIDA WILLD; SCRUB-OAK WOODLAND; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; RAIN-FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ENRICHMENT FACE AB Studies of responses of forest vegetation to steadily increasing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have focussed strongly on the potential of trees to absorb extra carbon; the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant-soil water relations via decreased stomatal conductance and increased ambient temperature have received less attention, but may be significant in the long term at the ecosystem level. CO2 augmentation experiments with young trees demonstrate small increases in aboveground carbon content, but these increases tend to diminish as trees get older. By contrast, several experiments suggest continued decreases in transpiration and increased soil water content under these conditions. In tropical forests, the major cause of increases in aboveground biomass observed in the recent past is not necessarily elevated [CO2]. Undoubtedly, the potential of monitoring trees in forest dynamics plots to deduce CO2-specific alterations in forest structure and standing biomass will unfold in the decades to come. The comprehensive understanding of responses of forest vegetation to elevated [CO2] in the Anthropocene will depend upon the inclusion of detailed measurements of soil water pools and water fluxes through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in future tree CO2 augmentation experiments and forest dynamics plot studies. C1 [Holtum, Joseph A. M.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Holtum, JAM (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM joseph.holtum@jcu.edu.au RI Holtum, Joseph/B-3063-2012 OI Holtum, Joseph/0000-0001-6568-8019 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; JCU Special Studies Program; Reverend Dr RG Dunn FX Neal Smith, STRI Emeritus Scientist, persistently prodded us to write this. Support is acknowledged from the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (KW and JAMH), the JCU Special Studies Program (JAMH) and the Reverend Dr RG Dunn (JAMH). NR 105 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 33 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 8 BP 694 EP 702 DI 10.1071/FP10001 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 630SP UT WOS:000280294500003 ER PT J AU Krause, GH Winter, K Krause, B Jahns, P Garcia, M Aranda, J Virgo, A AF Heinrich Krause, G. Winter, Klaus Krause, Barbara Jahns, Peter Garcia, Milton Aranda, Jorge Virgo, Aurelio TI High-temperature tolerance of a tropical tree, Ficus insipida: methodological reassessment and climate change considerations SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; growth; photosynthetic pigments; tropical forest; xanthophyll cycle ID RAIN-FOREST TREES; HEAT-STRESS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; DESERT PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE; LEAVES; LIGHT; ACCLIMATION; ADAPTATION AB In view of anthropogenic global warming, heat tolerance of a neotropical pioneer tree, Ficus insipida Willd., was determined. Sections of sun leaves from a mature tree and from seedlings cultivated at ambient and elevated temperatures were heated to 42-53 degrees C. Leaves from a late-successional tree species, Virola sebifera Aubl., were also studied. Widely used chlorophyll a fluorescence methods based on heat-induced rise of initial fluorescence emission, F-o, and decrease in the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, F-v/F-m, were reassessed. F-v/F-m determined 24 h after heat treatment was the fluorescence parameter most suitable to assess the lethal temperature causing permanent tissue damage. Thermo-tolerance was underestimated when F-o and F-v/F-m were recorded immediately after the heat treatment. The limit of thermo-tolerance was between 50 and 53 degrees C, only a few degrees C above peak leaf temperatures measured in situ. The absence of seasonal changes in thermo-tolerance and only marginal increases in thermo-tolerance of plants grown under elevated temperatures suggest little capacity for further heat acclimation. Heat-stress experiments with intact potted seedlings also revealed irreversible leaf damage at 51-53 degrees C, but plants survived and developed new leaves during post-culture. C1 [Heinrich Krause, G.; Winter, Klaus; Krause, Barbara; Garcia, Milton; Aranda, Jorge; Virgo, Aurelio] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Heinrich Krause, G.; Jahns, Peter] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. RP Krause, GH (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama City, Panama. EM ghkrause@uni-duesseldorf.de FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank Maria Graf for assistance in photosynthetic pigment analysis, Sergio dos Santos for providing meteorological data and Elisabeth King for reading the manuscript. This study was supported by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 23 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 9 BP 890 EP 900 DI 10.1071/FP10034 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 641RS UT WOS:000281148000010 ER PT J AU Silvera, K Neubig, KM Whitten, WM Williams, NH Winter, K Cushman, JC AF Silvera, Katia Neubig, Kurt M. Whitten, W. Mark Williams, Norris H. Winter, Klaus Cushman, John C. TI Evolution along the crassulacean acid metabolism continuum SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; photosynthesis; delta(13)C ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE KINASE; COMMON ICE PLANT; PERFORMING C-3 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MESEMBRYANTHEMUM-CRYSTALLINUM; VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CAM PLANTS; KALANCHOE-DAIGREMONTIANA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY AB Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialised mode of photosynthesis that improves atmospheric CO(2) assimilation in water-limited terrestrial and epiphytic habitats and in CO(2)-limited aquatic environments. In contrast with C(3) and C(4) plants, CAM plants take up CO2 from the atmosphere partially or predominantly at night. CAM is taxonomically widespread among vascular plants and is present in many succulent species that occupy semiarid regions, as well as in tropical epiphytes and in some aquatic macrophytes. This water-conserving photosynthetic pathway has evolved multiple times and is found in close to 6% of vascular plant species from at least 35 families. Although many aspects of CAM molecular biology, biochemistry and ecophysiology are well understood, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of CAM. This review focuses on five main topics: (1) the permutations and plasticity of CAM, (2) the requirements for CAM evolution, (3) the drivers of CAM evolution, (4) the prevalence and taxonomic distribution of CAM among vascular plants with emphasis on the Orchidaceae and (5) the molecular underpinnings of CAM evolution including circadian clock regulation of gene expression. C1 [Silvera, Katia; Cushman, John C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Neubig, Kurt M.; Whitten, W. Mark; Williams, Norris H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Cushman, JC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, MS200, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jcushman@unr.edu FU USA Environmental Protection Agency [MA 91685201]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; National Center for Research Resources through Nevada Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Centers [P20 RR-016464] FX This work was supported by funding from the USA Environmental Protection Agency under the Greater Research Opportunities Graduate Program (Agreement no. MA 91685201 to KS), National Science Foundation NSF IOB-0543659 (to JCC), and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (to KW). We are indebted to Dr J Andrew C Smith (Oxford University) for his contributions to Table 2. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and Mary Ann Cushman for her critical reading of the manuscript. EPA has not formally reviewed this publication. The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. This publication was also made possible by NIH Grant Number P20 RR-016464 from the INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources through its support of the Nevada Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Centers. NR 142 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 60 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 11 BP 995 EP 1010 DI 10.1071/FP10084 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 669BU UT WOS:000283322200001 ER PT B AU Groess, R Block, DL Fazio, GG AF Groess, Robert Block, David L. Fazio, Giovanni G. BE Block, DL Freeman, KC Puerari, I TI Enigmatic Masks of Cosmic Dust: Lessons from Nearby Galaxies Through the Eyes of the Spitzer Space Telescope SO GALAXIES AND THEIR MASKS: A CONFERENCE IN HONOUR OF K C FREEMAN, FRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference in Honour of K C Freeman's 70th Birthday: Galaxies and their Masks CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Sossusvlei, NAMIBIA ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; GALACTIC BARS; LANES AB Evident from early observations of barred galaxies, such as NGC1300, NGC1530, NGC3351 and NGC5921 by Curtis (1918 Descriptions of 762 nebulae and clusters photographed with the Crossley reflector. Publications of the Lick Observatory, XIII, 11-42), was the prevalence of characteristic dark bands or streaks across the disk of the galaxies. These dark bands were interpreted to be lanes of light obscuring "occulting material". While being nothing more than a nuisance to observers at the turn of the twentieth century, we now turn to the lanes of dust themselves, seen glowing in emission at 8.0 mu m, to understand more of the internal dynamics of barred galaxies. We find a separation of 3.6 mu m images of nearby barred galaxies into two distinct classes or form families. The first class comprises galaxies whose 8.0 mu m morphology tightly traces the underlying barred stellar backbone at 3.6 mu m, while the second class does not reveal a bar at all at 8.0 mu m. Spectacular dust lanes are, however, evident in this second class and are understood to be signatures of shock loci at the outer edges of the bar resulting in dust cascading down the gravitational potential of the galaxy, towards the nucleus. C1 [Groess, Robert; Block, David L.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Computat & Appl Math, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Fazio, Giovanni G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Groess, R (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Computat & Appl Math, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM robert.groess@wits.ac.za; david.block@wits.ac.za; gfazio@cfa.harvard.edu FU University of the Witwatersrand for the generous FRC Startup Grant FX R.G. would like to thank the University of the Witwatersrand for the generous FRC Startup Grant enabling attendance of this conference as well as the School of Computational and Applied Mathematics for additional funding. A great word of appreciation also goes to the members of the IRAC team at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, in particular (alphabetically) Matt Ashby, Michael Pahre and Steve Willner. In conclusion, we wish Professor Ken Freeman (FRS) many happy returns on this occasion of his 70th birthday. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7316-0 PY 2010 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7317-7_9 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH0JP UT WOS:000395361900009 ER PT B AU Fazio, GG AF Fazio, Giovanni G. BE Block, DL Freeman, KC Puerari, I TI Spitzer's View of Galaxies in the High-Redshift Universe SO GALAXIES AND THEIR MASKS: A CONFERENCE IN HONOUR OF K C FREEMAN, FRS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference in Honour of K C Freeman's 70th Birthday: Galaxies and their Masks CY APR 12-16, 2010 CL Sossusvlei, NAMIBIA ID ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; STELLAR MASS DENSITY; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; SIMILAR-TO 7; SPACE-TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION; HUBBLE; Z-APPROXIMATE-TO-6; FLUCTUATIONS; CONFIRMATION AB One of the most important observations made by the Spitzer Space Telescope has been the detection of luminous galaxies back to the era of reionization (z similar to 8), when the universe was less than 700 million years old. The key advance made by Spitzer imaging is the ability, for the first time, to sample the redshifted rest-frame visible light of these galaxies. When combined with broadband multi-wavelength data, Spitzer observations can be fit to stellar population synthesis models to determine the spectral energy distribution of these galaxies and to constrain their stellar masses and ages and their star formation histories. As a result, there is evidence that most of the stellar mass of these galaxies formed at even higher redshifts (z >10 to 12) and that a significant number of galaxies should exist in this region. Searches for galaxies at z similar to 9 to 10 continue. Spitzer observations of massive lensing clusters have also played a pivotal role in this study. The first IRAC detection of a z >6 galaxy came from such observations. Since most of these results were obtained with Spitzer/IRAC 3.6/4.5 mu m bands, the Spitzer Warm Mission, when combined with future HST/WFC3 observations, will provide a unique opportunity to obtain the first complete census of the assembly of stellar mass as a function of cosmic time back to the era of reionization, yielding unique information on galaxy formation in the early universe. C1 [Fazio, Giovanni G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fazio, GG (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gfazio@cfa.harvard.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7316-0 PY 2010 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7317-7_37 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BH0JP UT WOS:000395361900037 ER PT B AU Verley, S Leon, S Verdes-Montenegro, L Combes, F Sabater, J Sulentic, J Bergond, G Espada, D Lisenfeld, U Odewahn, SC AF Verley, S. Leon, S. Verdes-Montenegro, L. Combes, F. Sabater, J. Sulentic, J. Bergond, G. Espada, D. Lisenfeld, U. Odewahn, S. C. BE VerdesMontenegro, L DelOlmo, A Sulentic, J TI AMIGA Project: Quantification of the Isolation of 950 CIG galaxies SO GALAXIES IN ISOLATION: EXPLORING NATURE VERSUS NURTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture CY MAY 12-15, 2009 CL Granada, SPAIN SP Minist Ciencia Innovac, Consejo Superior Investigac Cientificas, Junta Andalucia ID RADIO-CONTINUUM; SAMPLE; CATALOG AB The role of the environment on galaxy evolution is still not fully understood. In order to quantify and set limits on the role of nurture one must identify and study a sample of isolated galaxies. The AMIGA project "Analysis of the Interstellar Medium of Isolated GAlaxies" is doing a multi-wavelength study of a large sample of isolated galaxies in order to examine their interstellar medium and star formation activity. We processed data for 950 galaxies from the Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG, Karachentseva 1973) and evaluated their isolation using an automated star-galaxy classification procedure (down to M-B similar to 17.5) on large digitised POSS-I fields surrounding each isolated galaxy (within a projected radius of at least 0.5 Mpc). We defined, compared and discussed various criteria to quantify the degree of isolation for these galaxies: e.g. Karachentseva's revised criterion, local surface density computations, estimation of the external tidal force affecting each is olated galaxy. We found galaxies violating Karachentseva's original criterion, and we defined various subsamples of galaxies according to their degree of isolation. Additionally, we sought for the redshifts of the primary and companion galaxies to access the radial dimension. We also applied our pipeline to triplets, compact groups and clusters and interpret the isolated galaxy population in light of these control samples. C1 [Verley, S.; Lisenfeld, U.] Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Verley, S.; Leon, S.; Verdes-Montenegro, L.; Sabater, J.; Sulentic, J.; Bergond, G.; Espada, D.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis & Andalucia, Granada, Spain. [Verley, S.; Combes, F.] OBSPM, LERMA, Paris, France. [Bergond, G.] CAHA, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Espada, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Odewahn, S. C.] Mc Donald Observatory, Ft Davis, TX USA. RP Verley, S (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Fis Teor & Cosmos, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RI Lisenfeld, Ute/A-1637-2015 OI Lisenfeld, Ute/0000-0002-9471-5423 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-722-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 421 BP 19 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUD95 UT WOS:000288970700004 ER PT B AU Espada, D Verdes-Montenegro, L Athanassoula, E Bosma, A Huchtmeier, WK Leon, S Lisenfeld, U Sabater, J Sulentic, J Verley, S Yun, M AF Espada, D. Verdes-Montenegro, L. Athanassoula, E. Bosma, A. Huchtmeier, W. K. Leon, S. Lisenfeld, U. Sabater, J. Sulentic, J. Verley, S. Yun, M. BE VerdesMontenegro, L DelOlmo, A Sulentic, J TI Setting the Normalcy Level of HI Properties in Isolated Galaxies SO GALAXIES IN ISOLATION: EXPLORING NATURE VERSUS NURTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture CY MAY 12-15, 2009 CL Granada, SPAIN SP Minist Ciencia Innovac, Consejo Superior Investigac Cientificas, Junta Andalucia ID LOPSIDED SPIRAL GALAXIES; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; AMIGA SAMPLE; ACCRETION; ASYMMETRY; CATALOG AB Studying the atomic gas (HI) properties of the most isolated galaxies is essential to quantify the effect that the environment exerts on this sensitive component of the interstellar medium. We observed and compiled HI data for a well defined sample of similar to 800 galaxies in the Catalog of Isolated Galaxies, as part of the AMIGA project (Analysis of the ISM in Isolated GAlaxies, http://amiga.iaa.es), which enlarges considerably previous samples used to quantify the HI deficiency in galaxies located in denser environments. By studying the shape of 182 HI profiles, we revisited the usually accepted result that, independently of the environment, more than half of the galaxies present a perturbed HI disk. In isolated galaxies this would certainly be a striking result if these are supposed to be the most relaxed systems, and has implications in the relaxation time scales of HI disks and the nature of the most frequent perturbing mechanisms in galaxies. Our sample likely exhibits the lowest HI asymmetry level in the local Universe. We found that field samples present an excess of 20% more asymmetric HI profiles than those in GIG. Still a small percentage of galaxies in our sample present large asymmetries. Follow-up high resolution VLA maps give insight into the origin of such asymmetries. C1 [Espada, D.; Verdes-Montenegro, L.; Sabater, J.; Sulentic, J.] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, IAA, Apartado 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Espada, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Athanassoula, E.; Bosma, A.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Huchtmeier, W. K.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron MPIfR, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Leon, S.] Inst Radioastonm Milimetr IRAM, Saint Martin, France. [Lisenfeld, U.; Verley, S.] Univ Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Yun, M.] UMass Amherst, Amherst, MA USA. RP Espada, D (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, IAA, Apartado 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain. RI Lisenfeld, Ute/A-1637-2015 OI Lisenfeld, Ute/0000-0002-9471-5423 FU Spanish DGI [AYA2008-06181-C02]; Junta de Andalucia (Spain) [P08-FQM-4205-PEX, TIC-114 16-C02-01]; Marie Curie International fellowship [MOIF-CT-2006-40298] FX This work has been partially supported by Spanish DGI grant AYA2008-06181-C02, as well as Junta de Andalucia (Spain) grants P08-FQM-4205-PEX and TIC-114 16-C02-01. DE is supported by the Marie Curie International fellowship MOIF-CT-2006-40298. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-722-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 421 BP 41 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUD95 UT WOS:000288970700008 ER PT B AU Martinez-Badenes, V Verdes-Montenegro, L Lisenfeld, U Espada, D AF Martinez-Badenes, V. Verdes-Montenegro, L. Lisenfeld, U. Espada, D. BE VerdesMontenegro, L DelOlmo, A Sulentic, J TI Molecular Gas in Hickson Compact Groups SO GALAXIES IN ISOLATION: EXPLORING NATURE VERSUS NURTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Galaxies in Isolation: Exploring Nature Versus Nurture CY MAY 12-15, 2009 CL Granada, SPAIN SP Minist Ciencia Innovac, Consejo Superior Investigac Cientificas, Junta Andalucia C1 [Martinez-Badenes, V.; Verdes-Montenegro, L.; Espada, D.] Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, Camino Bajo de Huetor 50, Granada 18008, Spain. [Lisenfeld, U.] Univ Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Espada, D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Martinez-Badenes, V (reprint author), Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, Camino Bajo de Huetor 50, Granada 18008, Spain. RI Lisenfeld, Ute/A-1637-2015 OI Lisenfeld, Ute/0000-0002-9471-5423 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-722-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 421 BP 267 EP 267 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUD95 UT WOS:000288970700073 ER PT B AU de Messieres, GE O'Connell, RW McNamara, BR Donahue, M Nulsen, PEJ Voit, GM Wise, MW AF de Messieres, G. E. O'Connell, R. W. McNamara, B. R. Donahue, M. Nulsen, P. E. J. Voit, G. M. Wise, M. W. BE Smith, BJ Bastian, N Higdon, SJU Higdon, JL TI Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectra of Cool-Core Galaxy Clusters SO GALAXY WARS: STELLAR POPULATIONS AND STAR FORMATION IN INTERACTING GALAXIES SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Galaxy Wars: Stellar Populations and Star Formation in Interacting Galaxies CY JUL 19-22, 2009 CL E Tennessee State Univ, Johnson City, TN SP ETSU Off Res & Sponsored Projects, ETSU Friends Astron HO E Tennessee State Univ ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; INFRARED SURVEY; EMISSION; FILAMENTS; NGC-1275 AB We have obtained mid-infrared spectra of nine cool-core galaxy clusters with the Infrared Spectrograph aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. X-ray, ultraviolet and optical observations have demonstrated that each of these clusters hosts a cooling flow which seems to be fueling vigorous star formation in the brightest cluster galaxy. Our goal is to use the advantages of the mid-infrared band to improve estimates of star formation. Our spectra are characterized by diverse morphologies ranging from classic starbursts to flat spectra with surprisingly weak dust features. Although most of our sample are known from optical/UV data to be active star-formers, they lack the expected strong mid-infrared continuum. Star formation may be proceeding in unusually dust-deficient circum-galactic environments such as the interface between the cooling flow and the relativistic jets from the active galactic nucleus. C1 [de Messieres, G. E.; O'Connell, R. W.] Univ Virginia, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [McNamara, B. R.; Donahue, M.; Voit, G. M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wise, M. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP de Messieres, GE (reprint author), Univ Virginia, POB 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-726-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 423 BP 105 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BSM97 UT WOS:000284979300020 ER PT J AU Eberhard, W AF Eberhard, William G. TI Evolution of genitalia: theories, evidence, and new directions SO GENETICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Animal Genitalia in Evolution held at the 20th International Congress of Zoology CY AUG 26-29, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Sexual conflict; Sexual selection; Sexually antagonistic coevolution; Cryptic female choice ID MALE FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; LOCK-AND-KEY; BEETLE ONTHOPHAGUS-TAURUS; CRYPTIC FEMALE CHOICE; FLY SEPSIS-CYNIPSEA; SEXUAL SELECTION; ANTAGONISTIC COEVOLUTION; COPULATORY-BEHAVIOR; MATING SYSTEM; MORPHOLOGICAL COEVOLUTION AB Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain why male intromittent genitalia consistently tend to diverge more rapidly than other body traits of the same individuals in a wide range of animal taxa. Currently the two most popular involve sexual selection: sexually antagonistic coevolution (SAC) and cryptic female choice (CFC). A review of the most extensive attempts to discriminate between these two hypotheses indicates that SAC is not likely to have played a major role in explaining this pattern of genital evolution. Promising lines for future, more direct tests of CFC include experimental modification of male genital form and female sensory abilities, analysis of possible male-female dialogues during copulation, and direct observations of genital behavior. C1 [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, W (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Pedro, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com NR 107 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD JAN PY 2010 VL 138 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10709-009-9358-y PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 530TU UT WOS:000272616000002 PM 19308664 ER PT J AU Li, JH Erickson, JE Peresta, G Drake, BG AF Li, Jiahong Erickson, John E. Peresta, Gary Drake, Bert G. TI Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in a Chesapeake Bay wetland under carbon dioxide enrichment SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chesapeake Bay wetland; elevated CO2; evapotranspiration; precipitation; salinity; sea level; stomatal conductance; water use efficiency ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM; OPEN-TOP CHAMBER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; SEA-LEVEL; SALT; MARSH; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Wetlands evapotranspire more water than other ecosystems, including agricultural, forest and grassland ecosystems. However, the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (C-a) on wetland evapotranspiration (ET) are largely unknown. Here, we present data on 12 years of measurements of ET, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), and ecosystem water use efficiency (EWUE, i.e. NEE/ET) at 13:00-15:00 hours in July and August for a Scirpus olneyi (C3 sedge) community and a Spartina patens (C4 grass) community exposed to ambient and elevated (ambient + 340 mu mol mol(-1)) C-a in a Chesapeake Bay wetland. Although a decrease in stomatal conductance at elevated C-a in the S. olneyi community was counteracted by an increase in leaf area index (LAI) to some extend, ET was still reduced by 19% on average over 12 years. In the S. patens community, LAI was not affected by elevated C-a and the reduction of ET was 34%, larger than in the S. olneyi community. For both communities, the relative reduction in ET by elevated C-a was directly proportional to precipitation due to a larger reduction in stomatal conductance in the control plants as precipitation decreased. NEE was stimulated about 36% at elevated C-a in the S. olneyi community but was not significantly affected by elevated C-a in S. patens community. A negative correlation between salinity and precipitation observed in the field indicated that precipitation affected ET through altered salinity and interacted with growth C-a. This proposed mechanism was supported by a greenhouse study that showed a greater C-a effect on ET in controlled low salinity conditions compared with high salinity. In spite of the differences between the two communities in their responses to elevated C-a, EWUE was increased about 83% by elevated C-a in both the S. olneyi and S. patens communities. These findings suggest that rising C-a could have significant impacts on the hydrologic cycles of coastal wetlands. C1 [Li, Jiahong; Erickson, John E.; Peresta, Gary; Drake, Bert G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM lij@si.edu FU US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by a grant to the Smithsonian Institution by the US Department of Energy. We are grateful to Hans Anderson for his assistance with the measurements on stomatal conductance in the field, to Tom Jordan for providing the weather data, and to Jesse Leddick for assistance with data collection in the greenhouse experiment. We also appreciate the constructive comments from the subject editor Dr Rowan Sage and NR 43 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 11 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01941.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200019 ER PT B AU Launius, RD Fleming, JR DeVorkin, DH AF Launius, Roger D. Fleming, James Rodger DeVorkin, David H. BE Launius, RD Fleming, JR DeVorkin, DH TI Rise of Global Scientific Inquiry in the International Polar and Geophysical Years Introduction SO GLOBALIZING POLAR SCIENCE: RECONSIDERING THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL YEARS SE Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Launius, Roger D.; DeVorkin, David H.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Fleming, James Rodger] Colby Coll, Waterville, ME 04901 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-11465-4 J9 PALGR STUD HIST SCI PY 2010 BP 1 EP 9 D2 10.1057/9780230114654 PG 9 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BVM13 UT WOS:000291858200001 ER PT J AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. BE Launius, RD Fleming, JR DeVorkin, DH TI Toward the Poles: A Historiography of Scientific Exploration during the International Polar Years and the International Geophysical Year SO GLOBALIZING POLAR SCIENCE: RECONSIDERING THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL YEARS SE Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANTARCTIC RESEARCH; SCIENCE; POLITICS; COLLABORATION; INSTRUMENT; CLIMATE C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Launius, RD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 285 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-11465-4 J9 PALGR STUD HIST SCI PY 2010 BP 47 EP 81 D2 10.1057/9780230114654 PG 35 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BVM13 UT WOS:000291858200005 ER PT B AU Needell, AA AF Needell, Allan A. BE Launius, RD Fleming, JR DeVorkin, DH TI Lloyd Berkner and the International Geophysical Year Proposal in Context: With Some Comments on the Implications for the Comite Speciale de l'Annee Geophysique Internationale, CSAGI, Request for Launching Earth Orbiting Satellites SO GLOBALIZING POLAR SCIENCE: RECONSIDERING THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL YEARS SE Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Needell, AA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-11465-4 J9 PALGR STUD HIST SCI PY 2010 BP 205 EP 224 D2 10.1057/9780230114654 PG 20 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BVM13 UT WOS:000291858200012 ER PT J AU Broadbent, ND AF Broadbent, Noel D. BE Launius, RD Fleming, JR DeVorkin, DH TI Polar Politics, Historical Narratives, and Saami Prehistory SO GLOBALIZING POLAR SCIENCE: RECONSIDERING THE INTERNATIONAL POLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL YEARS SE Palgrave Studies in the History of Science and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Broadbent, ND (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-11465-4 J9 PALGR STUD HIST SCI PY 2010 BP 343 EP 353 D2 10.1057/9780230114654 PG 11 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BVM13 UT WOS:000291858200019 ER PT J AU Sonnert, G Holton, G AF Sonnert, Gerhard Holton, Gerald BE Sonnert, G Holton, G TI Helping Young Refugees and Immigrants Succeed Introduction SO HELPING YOUNG REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS SUCCEED: PUBLIC POLICY, AID, AND EDUCATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID AMERICAN HIGH-SCHOOL; UNITED-STATES; SEGMENTED ASSIMILATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; 2ND-GENERATION DECLINE; EDUCATIONAL-ATTAINMENT; PROGRAM EVALUATIONS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; WELFARE-REFORM; MIDDLE SCHOOL C1 [Sonnert, Gerhard] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sonnert, Gerhard] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sci Educ Dept, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Sonnert, G (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 399 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-11296-4 PY 2010 BP 1 EP + D2 10.1057/9780230112964 PG 29 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA BVP91 UT WOS:000292259000001 ER PT B AU Sonnert, G Holton, G AF Sonnert, Gerhard Holton, Gerald BE Sonnert, G Holton, G TI Successful Young Refugees from Central Europe-Potential Lessons for Today SO HELPING YOUNG REFUGEES AND IMMIGRANTS SUCCEED: PUBLIC POLICY, AID, AND EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sonnert, Gerhard] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sonnert, Gerhard] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Sci Educ Dept, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Sonnert, G (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-230-11296-4 PY 2010 BP 37 EP 49 D2 10.1057/9780230112964 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Sociology SC Education & Educational Research; Sociology GA BVP91 UT WOS:000292259000006 ER PT J AU Perez-Buitrago, N Sabat, AM McMillan, WO AF Perez-Buitrago, Nestor Sabat, Alberto M. Owen McMillan, W. TI SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF THE ENDANGERED MONA ISLAND IGUANA CYCLURA CORNUTA STEJNEGERI: DOES TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR REGULATE DENSITY? SO HERPETOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Cyclura; Home range; Iguana; Telemetry; Territorial behavior; Territoriality ID HOME-RANGE ECOLOGY; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; CYCHLURA-INORNATA; BODY-SIZE; LIZARD; POPULATION; HABITAT; CONSEQUENCES; CONSERVATION; SURVIVAL AB The endangered iguana Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri is endemic to Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Factors accounting for its protected status include low adult densities and relatively low abundance of juveniles. We studied the spatial ecology, territoriality, and philopatric behavior along a gradient of human-disturbed areas to increase our understanding of its unusual demography. We used the minimum convex polygon (MCP) method to estimate the home range of radiomarked iguanas, the degree of inter- and intrasex home-range overlap, and the temporal patterns of space use by 42 iguanas (19 males and 23 females, including 4 juvenile individuals) during the nonbreeding (October November) and mating season (June) at three Mona Island localities with different levels of human disturbance. Juvenile iguanas had larger home ranges and move across the home ranges of several adults. Adult males had larger home ranges than females and no significant temporal differences in size or pattern of usage (Cole index) were detected between the study periods. Females, despite reducing their home-range size during the mating season, changed the usage patterns, resulting in increased interactions with neighboring males. Home-range overlap was minimal between males, followed by female female overlap and maximal between males and females. Our results suggest that Mona Island iguanas are highly territorial throughout the year; particularly males in the mid- and undisturbed areas where almost all home-range areas appear to be equivalent to the defended territory. In the most disturbed area, where supplemental feeding by humans exists, home ranges are smaller and there is larger intersex home-range overlap. Previously, the low density of the population was attributed to lack of recruitment into adult stages due to predation of juveniles by nonnative mammals. However, the high levels of territoriality documented in this study may be an additional factor explaining the low densities exhibited by this population. Our data suggest that the three study sites may be at or close to carrying capacities for males, because there appear to be no vacant areas for additional males. Furthermore, the large and highly overlapping home ranges exhibited by four juvenile iguanas suggest that they are or will become floaters in search of unoccupied space. C1 [Perez-Buitrago, Nestor; Sabat, Alberto M.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Owen McMillan, W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Perez-Buitrago, N (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Km 9,Via Tame, Arauca, Colombia. EM yaui@yahoo.com FU Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation (CREST-CATEC) at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus [NSF HRD-0206200] FX This research was funded by the Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation (CREST-CATEC; grant NSF HRD-0206200) at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. Logistic support was provided by the DRNA, and we are particularly grateful to A. Alvarez, C. Diez, M. Garcia, and the staff of the Endangered Species Division of the DRNA. The DRNA Mona Island staff (rangers, biologists and technicians) helped us in many ways while conducting this project. Particularly, we are very grateful to G. Pons, M. Nieves, M. Perez, J. Jimenez, M. Bonet, and R. Pagan. Many people helped us in the field, mainly A. Alvarez, J. Delgado, J. Bendon, S. Boven, R. Menendez, M. J. Andrade, J. Castro, C. Toledo, M. Zalamea, M. Rujas, M. Correa, and K. Rosas. We also want to thank A. Alberts, J. B. Iverson, S. M. Funk, and P. Angulo-Sandoval for reviewing early versions of this manuscript. Finally, we thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments to improve this document. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0733-1347 EI 1938-5137 J9 HERPETOL MONOGR JI Herpetol. Monogr. PY 2010 VL 24 BP 86 EP 110 DI 10.1655/HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-09-039.1 PG 25 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 728VO UT WOS:000287902800003 ER PT B AU Coe, MJ Corbet, RHD McGowan, KE McBride, VA Schurch, MPE Townsend, LJ Galache, JL Negueruela, I Buckley, D AF Coe, M. J. Corbet, R. H. D. McGowan, K. E. McBride, V. A. Schurch, M. P. E. Townsend, L. J. Galache, J. L. Negueruela, I. Buckley, D. BE Marti, J LuqueEscamilla, PL Combi, JA TI The Population of High-Mass X-Ray Binaries in the Small Magellanic Cloud SO HIGH ENERGY PHENOMENA IN MASSIVE STARS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on High Energy Phenomena in Massive Stars CY FEB 02-05, 2009 CL Univ Jaen, Jaen, SPAIN SP Universitas Giennensis, Escuela Politecn Superior Jaen, Junta Andalucia, Universe Yours Discover HO Univ Jaen ID STARS AB The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) represents an exciting opportunity to observe the direct results of tidal interactions on star birth and stellar evolution. One of the best indicators of recent star birth activity is the presence of significant numbers of High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs)-and the SMC has them in abundance! Here we present results from nearly 10 years of monitoring these systems plus ground-based optical data. Together they permit us to build a picture of a galaxy with a mass of only similar to 1 percent of the Milky Way but with a more extensive HMXB population. However, as often happens, new discoveries lead to some challenging puzzles: where are the other X-ray binaries (eg black hole and low mass systems) in the SMC? and why do virtually all the SMC HMXBs have Be star companions and, rarely, a supergiant companion? The evidence arising from these extensive observations for this apparently unusual stellar evolution are discussed. C1 [Coe, M. J.; McGowan, K. E.; McBride, V. A.; Schurch, M. P. E.; Townsend, L. J.] Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Corbet, R. H. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Galache, J. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Negueruela, I.] Univ Alicante, Dept Fis, Ingenieria Sistemas Teoria Serial, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. [Buckley, D.] South African Astron Observ, Cape Town 7935, South Africa. RP Coe, MJ (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RI Negueruela, Ignacio/L-5483-2014 OI Negueruela, Ignacio/0000-0003-1952-3680 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-724-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 422 BP 224 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUE39 UT WOS:000289008000024 ER PT S AU Young, MCB AF Young, Monica C. B. BE Corbett, IF TI A New Look at Optical and X-ray Emission in SDSS/XMM-Newton Quasars SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica DE quasars: general; galaxies: active; accretion; accretion disks ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DISK WINDS AB We develop a new approach to the well-studied anti-correlation between the optical-to-X-ray spectral index, alpha(ox) and the monochromatic optical luminosity, l(opt). By cross-correlating the SDSS DR5 quasar catalog with the XMM-Newton archive, we create a sample of 327 quasars with both optical and X-ray spectra, allowing alpha(ox) to be defined at arbitrary frequencies, rather than the standard 2500 angstrom and 2 keV. We find that while the choice of optical wavelength does not strongly influence the alpha(ox) - l(opt) relation, the slope of the relation flattens significantly with X-ray energy. This result suggests a change in the efficiency of X-ray photon production, where the efficiency of low energy X-ray production depends more strongly on the seed (optical/UV) photon supply. We discuss implications for line-driven wind models. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Young, MCB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM myoung@head.cfa.harvard.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 263 EP 265 DI 10.1017/S1743921310009130 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900099 ER PT S AU Kim, DW Pellegrini, S AF Kim, Dong-Woo Pellegrini, Silvia BE Corbett, IF TI JD8-Hot Interstellar Matter in Elliptical Galaxies SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica C1 [Kim, Dong-Woo] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kim, DW (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kim@cfa.harvard.edu; silvia.pellegrini@unibo.it NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 269 EP 270 DI 10.1017/S1743921310009154 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900101 ER PT S AU Fabbiano, G AF Fabbiano, G. BE Corbett, IF TI The hot ISM of early-type galaxies SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica ID INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; NGC 3379; MASS; EMISSION; CLUSTER; CHANDRA; SAMPLE; M87 C1 [Fabbiano, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gfabbiano@cfa.harvard.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 271 EP 272 DI 10.1017/S1743921310009166 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900102 ER PT S AU Kim, DW AF Kim, Dong-Woo BE Corbett, IF TI Hot ISM in young elliptical galaxies SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica DE galaxies: elliptical and lenticular; cD; X-rays: galaxies; X-rays: ISM C1 [Kim, Dong-Woo] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kim@cfa.harvard.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 285 EP 285 DI 10.1017/S1743921310009282 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900114 ER PT S AU Goddi, C Greenhill, L Humphreys, E Matthews, L Chandler, C AF Goddi, C. Greenhill, L. Humphreys, E. Matthews, L. Chandler, C. BE Corbett, IF TI A movie of accretion/ejection of material in a high-mass YSO in Orion BN/KL at radii comparable to the Solar System SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica C1 [Goddi, C.; Greenhill, L.; Humphreys, E.; Matthews, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 750 EP 750 DI 10.1017/S174392131001135X PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900471 ER PT S AU Wright, NJ Barlow, MJ Greimel, R Drew, JE Matsuura, M AF Wright, N. J. Barlow, M. J. Greimel, R. Drew, J. E. Matsuura, M. BE Corbett, IF TI Galactic AGB stars from the IPHAS survey SO HIGHLIGHTS OF ASTRONOMY, VOL 15 SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th IAU General Assembly CY AUG 03-14, 2009 CL Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL HO Ctr Convencoes SulAmerica DE stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: carbon; infrared: stars; techniques: spectroscopic C1 [Wright, N. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009 OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-1-107-00533-4 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 15 BP 813 EP 813 DI 10.1017/S1743921310011919 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUR92 UT WOS:000290186900528 ER PT S AU Falco, EE AF Falco, Emilio E. BE Diego, JM Goicoechea, LJ GonzalezSerrano, JI Gorgas, J TI Gravitational Lenses: An Update SO HIGHLIGHTS OF SPANISH ASTROPHYSICS V SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Scientific Meeting of the Spanish-Astronomical-Society (SEA) CY JUL 07-11, 2008 CL Univ Cantabria, Inst Fisica Cantabria, Santander, SPAIN SP Spanish Astronom Soc HO Univ Cantabria, Inst Fisica Cantabria ID TIME-DELAY; GALAXIES; QUASAR; SDSS-J1004+4112; DISCOVERY; Q0957+561; IMAGE AB The impact of gravitational lenses on our knowledge of the Universe is inversely proportional to their scarcity. In the weak-field limit, lensing studies are based on well-established physics and thus offer a direct, simple approach to address many pressing problems of astrophysics and cosmology. Examples of these are the significance of dark matter and the density, age and size of the Universe. I describe examples of these applications. I also present new developments in cosmological applications of gravitational lenses, regarding estimates of the Hubble constant using strong lensing of quasars. I describe our recent measurements of time delays for the images of SDSS J1004+4112, and discuss prospects for the future utilizing synoptic telescopes, planned, under construction, and beginning operations. C1 Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Falco, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, FL Whipple Observ, POB 6369, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. EM falco@cfa.harvard.edu NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-11249-2 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-11250-8_3 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BZU25 UT WOS:000302967500003 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Untitled SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/07341511003595286 PG 2 WC History SC History GA 582UW UT WOS:000276626200001 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Editor's note SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 187 EP 187 AR PII 927275280 DI 10.1080/07341512.2010.521454 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 654LI UT WOS:000282169400001 ER PT J AU Collins, M AF Collins, Martin TI Untitled SO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collins, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0734-1512 J9 HIST TECHNOL JI Hist. Technol. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 4 BP 281 EP 281 AR PII 930855993 DI 10.1080/07341512.2010.537864 PG 1 WC History SC History GA 692HQ UT WOS:000285144300001 ER PT J AU Haney, E AF Haney, Erin TI Film, Charcoal, Time: Contemporaneities in Gold Coast Photographs SO HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ghana; Gold Coast; history; photography; portraiture; Gerhardt Lutterodt (active ca; 1870s); George A; G; Lutterodt (active ca; mid - 1870s); Albert Lutterodt (born 1869); Frederick Richard Christian Lutterodt (1871-1937); Frederick G; C; Lutterodt (1896-1973); Wulff-Joseph Wulff; (1810-42); performance; audience; archives AB As photography was taken up in the entrepots of nineteenth-century west Africa, among them Cape Coast and Accra, it became a primary mode of portraiture. When considered alongside colonial-era holdings in European and US archives, historical photograph collections in families in Ghana suggest that photography's emergence cannot be separated from a range of other emerging and far-reaching creative modernisms. These portraits entail aspects of ceremonial debut spectacles, political ascendancy rites, and the visuality of decorum in larger public performances. From the medium's inception, photographs have been held and kept as enduring objects; at the same time, they are the layered products of multiple formal, aesthetic, temporal and conceptual interventions in a range of media, only some of which are the work of a camera. RP Haney, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum African Art, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-7298 J9 HIST PHOTOGR JI Hist. Photogr. PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 SI SI BP 119 EP 133 AR PII 921487735 DI 10.1080/03087290903361464 PG 15 WC Art SC Art GA 593TP UT WOS:000277484000002 ER PT J AU Carter, SA AF Carter, Sarah Anne TI Picturing Rooms: Interior Photography 1870-1900 SO HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Pach Brothers; A; H; Folsom; Knowlton Brothers; Julian Burroughs; Wallace Nutting; nineteenth-century architectural photography; interior photography; portraiture of rooms; nineteenth-century domestic space; photographic house books; albums; interior design AB This study examines the meanings of late-nineteenth-century interior photography, a widespread but critically ignored practice. Drawing on collections in the USA, it considers three types of domestic interior photographs: house books or bound series of photographs taken by professional photographers to document the homes of middle- or upper-class families; photographs taken by the inhabitants of homes to document their own interiors; and photographs of college dormitory rooms. Consideration of the role narrative, aesthetics and biography play in the creation and preservation of interior photographs complicates the presumption that interior photography may offer a transparent view of the private spaces of nineteenth-century Americans. Rather, in the context of nineteenth-century cultures that appreciated both the analytical and metonymic values of photographs, views of interiors may be understood as specific kinds of visual rhetoric employed to make sense of domestic spaces over time. C1 [Carter, Sarah Anne] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Carter, Sarah Anne] Smithsonian Amer Art Museum, Washington, DC USA. RP Carter, SA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scarter@fas.harvard.edu NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-7298 J9 HIST PHOTOGR JI Hist. Photogr. PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 251 EP 267 AR PII 924593991 DI 10.1080/03087290903361456 PG 17 WC Art SC Art GA 630IR UT WOS:000280267100003 ER PT S AU Launius, RD AF Launius, Roger D. BE Ciancone, ML TI Evolving Public Perceptions of Human Spaceflight in American Culture SO HISTORY OF ROCKETRY AND ASTRONAUTICS SE AAS History Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International-Academy-of-Astronautics History Symposium CY OCT 10-19, 2002 CL Houston, TX ID SPACE AB There is a belief that exists in the United States about public support for NASA's human spaceflight activities. Many hold that NASA and the cause of the human exploration of space enjoyed outstanding public support and confidence in the 1960s during the era of Apollo and that public support waned in the post-Apollo era, only to sink to quite low depths in the decade of the 1990s. These beliefs are predicated on anecdotal evidence that should not be discounted, but empirical evidence gleaned from public opinion polling data suggest that some of these conceptions are totally incorrect and others are either incomplete or more nuanced than previously believed. This article explores the evolution of public support for space exploration since the 1960s. Using polling data from a variety of sources it presents trends throughout time and offers comments on the meaning of public perceptions for the evolution of space policy and the development of space exploration in the United States. C1 [Launius, Roger D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Div Space Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASTRONAUTICAL SOC PI SAN DIEGO PA PUBLICATIONS OFFICE PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 0730-3564 BN 978-0-87703-559-6 J9 AAS HIST SER PY 2010 VL 33 BP 385 EP 404 PG 20 WC Engineering, Aerospace; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Engineering; History & Philosophy of Science GA BVS01 UT WOS:000292619400020 ER PT S AU Seth, A Cappellari, M Neumayer, N Caldwell, N Bastian, N Olsen, K Blum, R Debattista, VP McDermid, R Puzia, T Stephens, A AF Seth, Anil Cappellari, Michele Neumayer, Nadine Caldwell, Nelson Bastian, Nate Olsen, Knut Blum, Robert Debattista, Victor P. McDermid, Richard Puzia, Thomas Stephens, Andrew BE Debattista, VP Popescu, CC TI Nuclear Star Clusters & Black Holes SO HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Qawra, MALTA SP Univ Malta, Univ Central Lancashire, Malta Council Sci Tech, Royal Astronom Soc, Heritage Malta, Toyota, Michael Debono Ltd, Air Malta, Farsons ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; MODELS; MASS; GAS AB We summarize the recent results of our survey of the nearest nuclear star clusters. The purpose of the survey is to understand nuclear star cluster formation mechanisms and constrain the presence of black holes using adaptive optics assisted integral field spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, and HST imaging in 13 galaxies within 5 Mpc. We discuss the formation history of the nuclear star cluster and possible detection of an intermediate mass BH in NGC 404, the nearest S0 galaxy. C1 [Seth, Anil; Caldwell, Nelson] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cappellari, Michele] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Neumayer, Nadine] European Southern Observ, Garching, Germany. [Bastian, Nate] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. [Olsen, Knut; Blum, Robert] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ USA. [Debattista, Victor P.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston, Lancs, England. [McDermid, Richard; Stephens, Andrew] Gemini, Hilo, HI USA. [Puzia, Thomas] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Seth, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aseth@cfa.harvard.edu; cappellari@astro.ox.ac.uk; vpdebattista@uclan.ac.uk OI Cappellari, Michele/0000-0002-1283-8420 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0786-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1240 BP 227 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3458493 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRR30 UT WOS:000283480000050 ER PT S AU Hartmann, M Debattista, VP Seth, A Cappellari, M Quinn, T AF Hartmann, Markus Debattista, Victor P. Seth, Anil Cappellari, Michele Quinn, Thomas BE Debattista, VP Popescu, CC TI Structural and Kinematical Constraints on the Formation of Stellar Nuclear Clusters SO HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Qawra, MALTA SP Univ Malta, Univ Central Lancashire, Malta Council Sci Tech, Royal Astronom Soc, Heritage Malta, Toyota, Michael Debono Ltd, Air Malta, Farsons ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; STAR-CLUSTERS; MASS AB We study the formation of stellar nuclear clusters (NC) with two types of N-body simulations: mergers of star clusters (SC) at the centre of disk galaxies and the accretion of a SC onto a previous NC. The merging of SCs produces systems consistent with observed scaling relations, they have shapes comparable with those observed and rotation consistent with that observed in the NCs of NGC 4244 and M 33. C1 [Hartmann, Markus; Debattista, Victor P.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Seth, Anil] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Cappellari, Michele] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Quinn, Thomas] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hartmann, M (reprint author), Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. EM mhartmann@uclan.ac.uk; aseth@cfa.harvard.edu; cappellari@astro.ox.ac.uk OI Cappellari, Michele/0000-0002-1283-8420 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0786-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1240 BP 243 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3458499 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRR30 UT WOS:000283480000056 ER PT J AU McEwen, AS Banks, ME Baugh, N Becker, K Boyd, A Bergstrom, JW Beyer, RA Bortolini, E Bridges, NT Byrne, S Castalia, B Chuang, FC Crumpler, LS Daubar, I Davatzes, AK Deardorff, DG DeJong, A Delamere, WA Dobrea, EN Dundas, CM Eliason, EM Espinoza, Y Fennema, A Fishbaugh, KE Forrester, T Geissler, PE Grant, JA Griffes, JL Grotzinger, JP Gulick, VC Hansen, CJ Herkenhoff, KE Heyd, R Jaeger, WL Jones, D Kanefsky, B Keszthelyi, L King, R Kirk, RL Kolb, KJ Lasco, J Lefort, A Leis, R Lewis, KW Martinez-Alonso, S Mattson, S McArthur, G Mellon, MT Metz, JM Milazzo, MP Milliken, RE Motazedian, T Okubo, CH Ortiz, A Philippoff, AJ Plassmann, J Polit, A Russell, PS Schaller, C Searls, ML Spriggs, T Squyres, SW Tarr, S Thomas, N Thomson, BJ Tornabene, LL Van Houten, C Verba, C Weitz, CM Wray, JJ AF McEwen, Alfred S. Banks, Maria E. Baugh, Nicole Becker, Kris Boyd, Aaron Bergstrom, James W. Beyer, Ross A. Bortolini, Edward Bridges, Nathan T. Byrne, Shane Castalia, Bradford Chuang, Frank C. Crumpler, Larry S. Daubar, Ingrid Davatzes, Alix K. Deardorff, Donald G. DeJong, Alaina Delamere, W. Alan Dobrea, Eldar Noe Dundas, Colin M. Eliason, Eric M. Espinoza, Yisrael Fennema, Audrie Fishbaugh, Kathryn E. Forrester, Terry Geissler, Paul E. Grant, John A. Griffes, Jennifer L. Grotzinger, John P. Gulick, Virginia C. Hansen, Candice J. Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. Heyd, Rodney Jaeger, Windy L. Jones, Dean Kanefsky, Bob Keszthelyi, Laszlo King, Robert Kirk, Randolph L. Kolb, Kelly J. Lasco, Jeffrey Lefort, Alexandra Leis, Richard Lewis, Kevin W. Martinez-Alonso, Sara Mattson, Sarah McArthur, Guy Mellon, Michael T. Metz, Joannah M. Milazzo, Moses P. Milliken, Ralph E. Motazedian, Tahirih Okubo, Chris H. Ortiz, Albert Philippoff, Andrea J. Plassmann, Joseph Polit, Anjani Russell, Patrick S. Schaller, Christian Searls, Mindi L. Spriggs, Timothy Squyres, Steven W. Tarr, Steven Thomas, Nicolas Thomson, Bradley J. Tornabene, Livio L. Van Houten, Charlie Verba, Circe Weitz, Catherine M. Wray, James J. TI The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) during MRO's Primary Science Phase (PSP) SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars; surface; Mars; climate; Mars; polar geology; Image processing ID MARS ORBITER CAMERA; NORTH POLAR-REGION; GROUND ICE; ATHABASCA VALLES; MARTIAN CLIMATE; NEAR-SURFACE; FLUID-FLOW; WATER ICE; DEPOSITS; EVOLUTION AB The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) acquired 8 terapixels of data in 9137 images of Mars between October 2006 and December 2008, covering similar to 0.55% of the surface. Images are typically 5-6 km wide with 3-color coverage over the central 20% of the swath, and their scales usually range from 25 to 60 cm/pixel. Nine hundred and sixty stereo pairs were acquired and more than 50 digital terrain models (DTMs) completed; these data have led to some of the most significant science results. New methods to measure and correct distortions due to pointing jitter facilitate topographic and change-detection studies at sub-meter scales. Recent results address Noachian bedrock stratigraphy, fluvially deposited fans in craters and in or near Valles Marineris, groundwater flow in fractures and porous media, quasi-periodic layering in polar and non-polar deposits, tectonic history of west Candor Chasma, geometry of clay-rich deposits near and within Mawrth Vallis, dynamics of flood lavas in the Cerberus Palus region, evidence for pyroclastic deposits columnar jointing in lava flows,, recent collapse pits, evidence for water in well-preserved impact craters, newly discovered large rayed craters, and glacial and periglacial processes. Of particular interest are ongoing processes such as those driven by the wind, impact cratering, avalanches of dust and/or frost, relatively bright deposits on steep gullied slopes, and the dynamic seasonal processes over polar regions. HiRISE has acquired hundreds of large images of past, present and potential future landing sites and has contributed to scientific and engineering Studies of those sites. Warming the focal-plane electronics prior to imaging has mitigated an instrument anomaly that produces bad data under cold operating conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McEwen, Alfred S.; Banks, Maria E.; Baugh, Nicole; Boyd, Aaron; Byrne, Shane; Castalia, Bradford; Daubar, Ingrid; DeJong, Alaina; Dundas, Colin M.; Eliason, Eric M.; Espinoza, Yisrael; Fennema, Audrie; Forrester, Terry; Heyd, Rodney; Jones, Dean; King, Robert; Kolb, Kelly J.; Leis, Richard; Mattson, Sarah; McArthur, Guy; Motazedian, Tahirih; Ortiz, Albert; Philippoff, Andrea J.; Plassmann, Joseph; Polit, Anjani; Schaller, Christian; Spriggs, Timothy; Tornabene, Livio L.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Becker, Kris; Geissler, Paul E.; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Jaeger, Windy L.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Kirk, Randolph L.; Milazzo, Moses P.; Okubo, Chris H.; Verba, Circe] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bergstrom, James W.; Bortolini, Edward; Lasco, Jeffrey; Tarr, Steven; Van Houten, Charlie] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.; Deardorff, Donald G.; Gulick, Virginia C.; Kanefsky, Bob] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Beyer, Ross A.; Deardorff, Donald G.; Gulick, Virginia C.; Kanefsky, Bob] SETI Inst, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Bridges, Nathan T.; Dobrea, Eldar Noe; Hansen, Candice J.; Milliken, Ralph E.; Thomson, Bradley J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Chuang, Frank C.; Weitz, Catherine M.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Crumpler, Larry S.] New Mexico Museum Nat Hist & Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87104 USA. [Davatzes, Alix K.] Temple Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Delamere, W. Alan] Delamere Support Syst, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Fishbaugh, Kathryn E.; Grant, John A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Griffes, Jennifer L.; Grotzinger, John P.; Lewis, Kevin W.; Metz, Joannah M.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lefort, Alexandra; Russell, Patrick S.; Thomas, Nicolas] Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Martinez-Alonso, Sara; Mellon, Michael T.; Searls, Mindi L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Squyres, Steven W.; Wray, James J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Thomson, Bradley J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP McEwen, AS (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, 1541 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Davatzes, Alexandra/B-1479-2012; Byrne, Shane/B-8104-2012; Lewis, Kevin/E-5557-2012; Daubar, Ingrid/N-1408-2013; Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; Mellon, Michael/C-3456-2016; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Dundas, Colin/0000-0003-2343-7224; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335; Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670; Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 FU NASA/JPL FX We thank everyone who has made HiRISE possible, including those at NASA, JPL, Lockheed-Martin, BATC and subcontractors, and the University of Arizona. A.S.M. especially thanks Larry Soderblom (USGS) and the late Gene Shoemaker for providing examples of doing what's best for the science community. For constructive reviews we thank E. Hauber, J. Johnson, L. Soderblom, and an undisclosed reviewer. This work was supported by the NASA/JPL MRO project. NR 192 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.023 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800002 ER PT J AU Grant, JA Wilson, SA Dobrea, EN Fergason, RL Griffes, JL Moore, JM Howard, AD AF Grant, John A. Wilson, Sharon A. Dobrea, Eldar Noe Fergason, Robin L. Griffes, Jennifer L. Moore, Jeffery M. Howard, Alan D. TI HiRISE views enigmatic deposits in the Sirenum Fossae region of Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Geological processes ID THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; SURFACE GROUND ICE; VOLCANOS; BASIN AB HiRISE images together with other recent orbital data from Mars define new characteristics of enigmatic Hesperian-aged deposits in Sirenum Fossae that are mostly 100-200 m thick, drape kilometers of relief, and often display generally low relief surfaces. New characteristics of the deposits, previously mapped as the "Electris deposits," include local detection of meter-scale beds that show truncating relationships, a generally light-toned nature, and a variably blocky, weakly indurated appearance. Boulders shed by erosion of the deposits are readily broken down and contribute little to talus. Thermal inertia values for the deposits are similar to 200 J m(-2) K-1 s(-1/2) and they may incorporate hydrated minerals derived from weathering of basalt. The deposits do not contain anomalous amounts of water or water ice. Deflation may dominate degradation of the deposits over time and points to an inventory of fine-grained sediment. Together with constraints imposed by the regional setting on formation processes, these newly resolved characteristics are most consistent with an eolian origin as a loess-like deposit comprised of redistributed and somewhat altered volcanic ash. Constituent sediments may be derived from airfall ash deposits in the Tharsis region. An origin directly related to airfall ash or similar volcanic materials is less probable and emplacement by alluvial/fluvial, impact, lacustrine, or relict polar processes is even less likely. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Grant, John A.; Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Dobrea, Eldar Noe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fergason, Robin L.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Griffes, Jennifer L.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Moore, Jeffery M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Howard, Alan D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM grantj@si.edu; purdys@si.edu; eldar@caltech.edu; rfergason@usgs.gov; griffes@gps.caltech.edu; jeff.moore@nasa.gov; ah6p@virginia.edu OI Howard, Alan/0000-0002-5423-1600 FU NASA FX We thank the people at the University of Arizona, Ball Aerospace, the jet Propulsion Laboratory, and Lockheed Martin that built and operate the HiRISE camera and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Spacecraft. Reviews by Kevin Williams, Ken Herkenhoff, and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. This work was supported by NASA. NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.009 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800004 ER PT J AU Weitz, CM Milliken, RE Grant, JA McEwen, AS Williams, RME Bishop, JL Thomson, BJ AF Weitz, C. M. Milliken, R. E. Grant, J. A. McEwen, A. S. Williams, R. M. E. Bishop, J. L. Thomson, B. J. TI Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter observations of light-toned layered deposits and associated fluvial landforms on the plateaus adjacent to Valles Marineris SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Mineralogy ID ART. NO. 5111; CHANNELS; ORIGIN; STRATIGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; VOLCANISM; NETWORKS; HISTORY AB We have used data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter to study 30-80 m thick light-toned layered deposits on the plateaus adjacent to Valles Marineris at five locations: (1) South Of Ius Chasma, (2) South of western Melas Chasma, (3) south of western Candor Chasma, (4) west of Juventae Chasma and (5), west of Ganges Chasma. The beds within these deposits have unique variations in brightness, color, Mineralogy, and erosional properties that are not typically observed in light-toned layered deposits within Valles Marineris or many other equatorial areas on Mars. Reflectance spectra indicate these deposits contain opaline silica and Fe-sulfates, consistent with low-temperature, acidic aqueous alteration of basaltic materials. We have found valley or channel systems associated with the layered deposits at all five locations, and the volcanic plains adjacent to Juventae, Ius, and Ganges exhibit inverted channels composed of light-toned beds. Valleys, channels, and light-toned layering along the walls of Juventae and Melas Chasmata are most likely coeval to the aqueous activity that affected the adjacent plateaus and indicate some hydrological activity occurred after formation of the chasmata. Although the source of water and sediment remains uncertain, the strong correlation between fluvial landforms and light-toned layered deposits argues for Sustained precipitation, surface runoff, and fluvial deposition occurring during the Hesperian on the plateaus adjacent to Valles Marineris and along portions of chasmata walls. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Weitz, C. M.; Williams, R. M. E.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Milliken, R. E.; Thomson, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bishop, J. L.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. RP Weitz, CM (reprint author), Planetary Sci Inst, 1700 E Ft Lowell,Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM weitz@psi.edu OI Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932 NR 79 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 73 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.017 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800006 ER PT J AU Bridges, NT Banks, ME Beyer, RA Chuang, FC Dobrea, EZN Herkenhoff, KE Keszthelyi, LP Fishbaugh, KE McEwen, AS Michaels, TI Thomson, BJ Wray, JJ AF Bridges, N. T. Banks, M. E. Beyer, R. A. Chuang, F. C. Dobrea, E. Z. Noe Herkenhoff, K. E. Keszthelyi, L. P. Fishbaugh, K. E. McEwen, A. S. Michaels, T. I. Thomson, B. J. Wray, J. J. TI Aeolian bedforms, yardangs, and indurated surfaces in the Tharsis Montes as seen by the HiRISE Camera: Evidence for dust aggregates SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, Surface ID MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR; THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER; X-RAY SPECTROMETER; CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATERIALS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; WIND STREAKS; SLOPE WINDS AB HiRISE images of Mars with ground sampling down to 25 cm/pixel show that the dust-rich mantle covering the surfaces of the Tharsis Montes is organized into ridges whose form and distribution are consistent with formation by aeolian saltation. Other dusty areas near the volcanoes and elsewhere on the planet exhibit a similar morphology. The material composing these "reticulate" bedforms is constrained by their remote sensing properties and the threshold curve combined with the saltation/suspension boundary, both of which vary as a function of elevation (atmospheric pressure), particle size, and particle composition. Considering all of these factors, dust aggregates are the most likely material composing these bedforms. We propose that airfall dust on and near the volcanoes aggregates in situ over time, maybe due to electrostatic charging followed by cementation by salts. The aggregates eventually reach a particle size at which saltation is possible. Aggregates on the flanks are transported downslope by katabatic winds and form linear and "accordion" morphologies. Materials within the calderas and other depressions remain trapped and are subjected to multidirectional winds, forming an interlinked "honey-comb" texture. In many places on and near the volcanoes, light-toned, low thermal inertia yardangs and indurated surfaces are present. These may represent "duststone" formed when aggregates reach a particle size below the threshold Curve, Such that they become stabilized and Subsequently undergo cementation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bridges, N. T.; Dobrea, E. Z. Noe] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Banks, M. E.; McEwen, A. S.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Beyer, R. A.] SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Chuang, F. C.] Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Herkenhoff, K. E.; Keszthelyi, L. P.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Fishbaugh, K. E.] Smithsonian Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Michaels, T. I.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Thomson, B. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Wray, J. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Bridges, NT (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 183-501,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM nathan.bridges@jpl.nasa.gov RI Wray, James/B-8457-2008; Bridges, Nathan/D-6341-2016; OI Wray, James/0000-0001-5559-2179; Thomson, Bradley/0000-0001-8635-8932; Beyer, Ross/0000-0003-4503-3335 FU MRO Participating Scientist Program FX This research was supported by a grant from the MRO Participating Scientist Program. Emily Gorbaty, an intern from Stanford University, measured the dimensions of many reticulate ridges and made Fig. 3. Discussions with S. Karunatillake improved our understanding of GRS measurements of the Tharsis region. The comments of two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. The research described in this paper was carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 165 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.017 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800011 ER PT J AU Zimbelman, JR Griffin, LJ AF Zimbelman, James R. Griffin, Lora J. TI HiRISE images of yardangs and sinuous ridges in the lower member of the Medusae Fossae Formation, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Geological processes; Mars, surface; Earth ID ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; HISTORY; RELIEF; REGION; CAMERA; ICE; TOPOGRAPHY; INVERSION AB HiRISE images of the lower member of the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) were used to identify characteristics of two specific landforms that are well expressed in this particular geologic unit; Yardangs and sinuous ridges. Yardangs are wind-eroded ridges that are usually confined to and environments where the bedrock materials can be easily eroded by windblown sand. Yardangs are common in the lower member of MFF, where many individual yardangs show evidence of a caprock unit overlying a more friable unit, most consistent with an ignimbrite origin for these MFF deposits. Heights of the yardangs in the lower member materials are generally less than a few tens of meters, in contrast to yardangs in the thicker middle member MFF materials to the east of the study area. The yardangs may form in materials comprised of discrete depositional units, and there is good evidence that at least a dozen such depositional events contributed to the emplacement of the lower member of MFF. The lower member yardang heights indicate aeolian erosion has removed at least 19,000 km(3) of lower member MFF materials. Sinuous ridges are elongate, positive-relief landforms that have been attributed to a variety of possible fluvial flow processes on Mars. Sinuous ridges are very common within exposures of the lower member of MFF. Multiple ridge types are present, but all forms seen at HiRISE scale are most consistent with some form of aqueous channel flow rather than other possible origins. The results from this initial examination of HiRISE images indicate the potential utility of comparing yardangs and sinuous ridges in the lower member to other members of MFF, although it remains to be determined if sinuous ridges are abundant in the younger MFF members. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zimbelman, James R.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Griffin, Lora J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Zimbelman, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Natl Air & Space Museum, MRC 315, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM zimbelmanj@si.edu; lora.griffin@unlv.edu FU NASA [NNX07AP42G] FX The comments of two anonymous reviewers were very helpful in improving an early version of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics program Grant NNX07AP42G to J.R.Z., and the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Undergraduate Research Program of NASA for L.J.G. to spend the summer of 2008 working at NASM. NR 88 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 198 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.003 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800013 ER PT B AU Smith, MJ Blundell, R AF Smith, Michael J. Blundell, Raymond GP ASME TI A CRYOGENIC STABILIZATION SCHEME FOR RADIO ASTRONOMY APPLICATIONS SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 9, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB We report on a scheme to stabilize short term cryogenic temperature variations in equipment used for high frequency radio telescope receivers. A 45.9 cm(3) copper helium pot is affixed to a Sumitomo/Daikin 308, GM/JT cold head. 5.7 x10(3) cm(3) of helium gas is introduced at the end of the cooling cycle and condensation until zero kPaa is reached. Short term temperature stabilization is achieved through the specific heat of the liquefied helium diminishing thermal deviations up to 46%. C1 [Smith, Michael J.; Blundell, Raymond] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Smith, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4382-6 PY 2010 BP 549 EP 552 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPX03 UT WOS:000280196300064 ER PT B AU Miller, JL Ward, RB Sienkiewicz, F Antonucci, P AF Miller, Jaimie L. Ward, R. Bruce Sienkiewicz, Frank Antonucci, Paul BE Carrasquero, JV Fonseca, D Malpica, F Oropeza, A Welsch, F TI ITEAMS: an Out-Of-School Time Program to Promote Gain in Fundamental Science Content and Enhance Interest in STEM Careers for Middle School Students SO IMSCI 10: 4TH INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SOCIETY, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL II (POST-CONFERENCE EDITION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Multi-Conference on Society, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst C1 [Miller, Jaimie L.; Ward, R. Bruce; Sienkiewicz, Frank; Antonucci, Paul] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miller, JL (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-12-2 PY 2010 BP 259 EP 264 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG7IJ UT WOS:000391343600052 ER PT J AU Dellape, PM Henry, TJ AF Dellape, Pablo M. Henry, Thomas J. TI Acrolophyses, a new seed bug genus and two new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini) from forest-canopy fogging in Ecuador and Peru SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE New myodochines; Acrolophyses arboricolous; Acrolophyses hadros; new species ID LYGAEOIDEA AB The new myodochine (Rhyparochromidae) genus Acrolophyses is described to accommodate the two new species A. arboricolous from Ecuador and Peru, designated as the type species, and A. hadros from Ecuador. The new species are diagnosed and described, and adult photographs, scanning electron photomicrographs of selected structures and illustrations of male genitalia are provided to aid in identification. The relationship of Acrolophyes with the genera Distingphyses and Pephysena is discussed. C1 [Dellape, Pablo M.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Entomol, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Henry, Thomas J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Dellape, PM (reprint author), Univ Nacl La Plata, Div Entomol, Fac Ciencias Nat & Museo, Paseo Bosque S-N, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM pdellape@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar OI Dellape, Pablo M./0000-0002-6914-1026 FU CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina) FX We thank Terry L. Erwin (Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, US) for the specimens collected during his fogging studies in Ecuador and Peru, and Scott D. Whittaker (Smithsonian Institution SEM Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA) for coating specimens and general SEM support. We also thank Michael G. Pogue (Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), ARS, USDA, do National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA), Steven W. Lingafelter (SEL) and Merrill H. Sweet (Emeritus Professor, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA) for kindly reviewing the manuscript. The senior author gives thanks to CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina) for providing a three-month research grant to visit the USNM. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1399-560X EI 1876-312X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 1 BP 75 EP 89 DI 10.1163/187631210X487002 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 609WI UT WOS:000278688300006 ER PT J AU Rozkosny, R Woodley, NE AF Rozkosny, Rudolf Woodley, Norman E. TI A new genus and three new species of Oriental Oxycerini (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyinae) with notes on new generic synonyms in two other stratiomyine genera SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Oxycerina gen.n.; O. hauseri sp.n.; O. merzi sp.n.; O. sabaha sp.n.; new synonyms; Thailand; Malaysia ID INSECTA AB Oxycerina gen.n. (Stratiomyidae: Stratiomyinae), including three new species, O. hauseri sp.n., O. merzi sp.n. and O. sabaha sp.n., is described from the Oriental Region and compared with related genera of Stratiomyinae and Raphiocerinae. The monotypic genus Scapanocnema Enderlein, 1914 is considered to be a synonym of Odontomyia Meigen, 1803; S. spathulipes Enderlein, 1914 and O. latitibia Rozkosny & Kovac, 1994 are considered to be new synonyms of O. luteiceps de Meijere, 1911. Cyrtopus Bigot, 1883, is also proposed as a synonym of Odontomyia, resulting in new or resurrected combinations for the species O. fastuosa (Bigot, 1883), O. magnifica Lachaise & Lindner, 1973, and O. smaragdifira (Lindner, 1938). Timorimyia Frey, 1934 is proposed as a new synonym of Acanthasargus White, 1914, resulting in A. bidentatus (Frey, 1934), comb.n. A key to the genera of the Oriental Stratiomyinae and Raphiocerinae is presented. C1 [Rozkosny, Rudolf] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. [Woodley, Norman E.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,NHB 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rozkosny, R (reprint author), Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, Kotlarksa 2, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. EM rozk@sci.muni.cz RI Woodley, Norman/M-6160-2014 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, Prague; Masaryk University, Brno [MSM 0021622416] FX Our thanks are due to the colleagues who provided material for our study: F. Ciampor and J. Kodada (via M. Kozanek, Bratislava), M. Hauser (Sacramento, CA), who mediated valuable material from the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden, H. de Jong and B. Brugge (Amsterdam), B. Merz (Geneva), Eva Sprecher (Basel) and M. Wolsan (Warsaw). F. Gregor (Brno) kindly made original colour illustrations and V. Prochazkova (Brno) final pen drawings of the new species. We are grateful to Martin Hauser (Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, Sacramento, CA), Jens Prena and Allen Norrbom (both of the Systematic Entomology Lab) and Wayne Mathis (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) for reviewing the manuscript. Our study was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, Prague, and the Masaryk University, Brno (Programme MSM 0021622416). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1163/187631210X502833 PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 644ZA UT WOS:000281419500003 ER PT S AU Di Stefano, R AF Di Stefano, Rosanne BE Kalogera, V VanderSluys, M TI Kepler as a Binary Star Mission SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BINARIES: IN CELEBRATION OF RON WEBBINK'S 65TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65th Birthday CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Mykonos, GREECE SP Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Nw Univ, EO Haven Professorship Fund DE binaries; blue stragglers; white dwarfs AB The Kepler observatory was designed to discover transits by Earth-like planets orbiting Sun-like stars. Its first major discoveries, however, are hot objects in close orbits around main-sequence stars. These are likely to be white-dwarf remnants of stars that have transferred mass to the present-day main sequence stars. These particular main-sequence stars are among the Kepler targets because they are bright. The question is: how many of the other Kepler target stars are also orbited by white dwarfs? We have shown that several hundred white dwarfs are likely to transit the Kepler target stars during the mission. In some cases, the signature will be dominated by gravitational lensing, producing distinctive "antitransits".(1) Neutron stars and black holes may also be discovered this way. The lensing signature provides a measurement of the gravitational mass of the compact object. Through the discovery of both transits and antitransits caused by white dwarfs, Kepler will discover and study binaries that have already experienced a phase of mass transfer or a common envelope phase. Thus, Kepler will become a premier tool for the study of interacting binaries. During the next phase of interaction, some of the Kepler binaries may become nuclear-burning white dwarfs, and may be candidates for Type Ia supernovae or accretion-induced collapse. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Di Stefano, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0869-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1314 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK72 UT WOS:000287171500038 ER PT S AU Valsecchi, F Glebbeek, E Farr, WM Fragos, T Willems, B Orosz, JA Liu, JF Kalogera, V AF Valsecchi, Francesca Glebbeek, Evert Farr, Will M. Fragos, Tassos Willems, Bart Orosz, Jerome A. Liu, Jifeng Kalogera, Vassiliki BE Kalogera, V VanderSluys, M TI The Intriguing Evolutionary History of the Massive Black Hole X-ray Binary M33 X-7 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BINARIES: IN CELEBRATION OF RON WEBBINK'S 65TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65th Birthday CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Mykonos, GREECE SP Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Nw Univ, EO Haven Professorship Fund DE Black Hole X-Ray Binaries; Massive Stars ID RED GIANT BRANCH; STELLAR POPULATIONS; ECLIPSING BINARY; SYNTHESIS CODE; DISTANCE; M-33; STARS; METALLICITY; VARIABLES; TIP AB Black hole (BH) X-ray binaries (XRBs) are X-ray luminous binary systems comprising a BH accreting matter from a companion star. Understanding their origins sheds light on the still not well understood physics of BH formation. M33 X-7 hosts one of the most massive stellar-mass BH among all XRBs known to date, a 15.65M(circle dot) BH orbiting a 70M(circle dot) companion star in a 3.45 day orbit. The high masses of the two components and the tight orbit relative to the large H-rich stellar component challenge our understanding of the typically invoked BH-XRBs formation channels. The measured underluminosity of the optical component further complicates the picture. A solution to the evolutionary history of this system that can account for all its observed properties has yet to be presented, and here we propose the first scenario that is consistent with the complete set of current observational constraints. In our model, M33 X-7 started its life hosting a 85-99M9(circle dot) primary and a 28-32M(circle dot) companion in a Keplerian orbit of 2.8-3.1 days. In order to form a BH of 15.65M(circle dot), the initially most massive component transferred part of its envelope to the companion star and lost the rest in a strong stellar wind. During this dynamically stable mass transfer phase the companion accreted matter, to become the presently underluminous 70M(circle dot) star. C1 [Valsecchi, Francesca; Farr, Will M.; Fragos, Tassos; Willems, Bart; Kalogera, Vassiliki] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Glebbeek, Evert] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Fragos, Tassos; Liu, Jifeng] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Orosz, Jerome A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Astron, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Liu, Jifeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Valsecchi, F (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. FU NSF [AST-0908930, PHY-0619274]; CAREER [AST0449558]; Northwestern University Presidential Fellowship FX This work was partially supported by NSF grants AST0908930 and CAREER AST0449558 to VK. TF is supported by a Northwestern University Presidential Fellowship. Simulations were performed on the computing cluster Fugu available to the Theoretical Astrophysics group at Northwestern and partially funded by NSF grant PHY0619274 to VK NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0869-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1314 BP 285 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK72 UT WOS:000287171500056 ER PT S AU Fabbiano, G AF Fabbiano, G. BE Kalogera, V VanderSluys, M TI Low-Mass X-ray Binary Populations SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BINARIES: IN CELEBRATION OF RON WEBBINK'S 65TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65th Birthday CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Mykonos, GREECE SP Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Nw Univ, EO Haven Professorship Fund DE X-ray binary stars ID GLOBULAR-CLUSTER CONNECTION; EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; CHANDRA MONITORING OBSERVATIONS; ELLIPTIC GALAXIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; DEEP CHANDRA; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SPECTRAL PROPERTIES; MILKY-WAY; NGC-4697 AB Low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) have been studied in the Galaxy since the beginning of X-ray astronomy. A lot has been learned about these bright X-ray sources, but significant questions are still open. These questions are related to the origin and evolution of LMXBs - dynamical evolution in globular clusters (GC) or evolution of native field binaries -, and on how their properties may be related to their evolution. The discovery of several LMXB populations in elliptical galaxies with the Chandra X-ray Observatory provides new new tools for studying these sources. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fabbiano, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0869-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1314 BP 318 EP 325 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK72 UT WOS:000287171500062 ER PT S AU Fragos, T Kalogera, V AF Fragos, T. Kalogera, V. BE Kalogera, V VanderSluys, M TI Modeling X-ray Binary Populations in Elliptical Galaxies SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BINARIES: IN CELEBRATION OF RON WEBBINK'S 65TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65th Birthday CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Mykonos, GREECE SP Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Nw Univ, EO Haven Professorship Fund DE X-ray binaries; Elliptical galaxies ID CHANDRA MONITORING OBSERVATIONS; NGC 3379; EVOLUTION; CATALOG AB We present theoretical models for populations of low-mass X-ray binaries in two elliptical galaxies NGC3379 and NGC4278. The models are calculated with the recently updated StarTrack code [1], and are targeted to modeling and understanding the origin of the X-ray luminosity functions (XLF) in these galaxies. For the first time we explore the population XLF down to luminosities of 3 x 10(36) erg s(-1), as probed by the most recent observational results [2]. We consider models for the formation and evolution of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) in galactic fields with different common envelope efficiencies, stellar wind prescriptions and initial mass functions. We identify models that produce an XLF in excellent agreement with the observations both in shape and number of systems at a specific luminosity. We also find that the treatment of the outburst luminosity of transient systems remains a crucial parameter for the determination of the XLF as the modeled populations are dominated by transient X-ray systems. Finally, we propose a physically motivated and self-consistent prescription for the modeling of transient neutron star (NS) LMXB properties, such as duty cycle (DC), outburst duration and recurrence time. We compare the transient LMXB population to the Chandra X-ray survey of the two elliptical galaxies NGC 3379 and NGC 4278, which revealed several transient sources [3, 4]. Our comparison suggests that transient LMXBs are very rare in globular clusters (GC), and thus the number of identified transient LMXBs may be used as a tracer of the relative contribution of field and GC LMXB populations. C1 [Fragos, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Fragos, T (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0869-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1314 BP 326 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK72 UT WOS:000287171500063 ER PT J AU Sorensen, SS Sisson, VB Harlow, GE Lallemantd, HGA AF Sorensen, Sorena S. Sisson, Virginia B. Harlow, George E. Lallemantd, Hans G. Ave TI Element residence and transport during subduction-zone metasomatism: evidence from a jadeitite-serpentinite contact, Guatemala SO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE jadeitite; serpentinite; metasomatism; trace elements; subduction zone metamorphism ID MOTAGUA FAULT ZONE; FLUID-FLOW; CATALINA SCHIST; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; MASS-TRANSFER; HIGH-PRESSURE; GARNET AMPHIBOLITES; MYANMAR JADEITITE; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB Jadeitite is a rare constituent of serpentinite-matrix melange bodies from certain subduction complexes. Most jadeitite crystallizes from Na-, Al-, and Si-bearing fluids that are apparently derived from multiple subduction-zone sources. Even though jadeitite is near-end-member NaAlSi2O6 in major element composition and is volumetrically minor in subduction complexes, its trace elements and stable isotopes appear to record fluid compositions not directly seen in other subduction zone metasomatic systems. Prior to our work, how jadeitite-forming fluids interact with serpentinite host rocks and serpentinizing fluids were largely unknown, because serpentinite-to-jadeitite contacts are generally not exposed. In the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala, we have studied a 3 m-wide pit transecting the contact between a mined-out jadeitite body and its host serpentinite. An apparent transition zone between the former jadeitite and nearby serpentinite exposed in the mine pit contains four texturally distinct rock types of differing outcrop colours, composed of albitites and meta-ultramafic rocks. (The jadeitite body is now represented only by a large spoil pile.) Seven samples from the contact zone, jadeitite from the spoil pile, a serpentinite outcrop approximately 1 m outside the pit, and a jadeitite nodule within the contact zone albitite were analysed for major, minor, and trace elements. Abundances of Al2O3, Na2O, MgO, FeO, Cr, Ni, and Sc track the contact between sheared albitite and foliated meta-ultramafic rocks. These elements change from values typical of Guatemalan jadeitites in the jadeitite block and albitites in the contact zone to values for Guatemalan meta-ultramafic rocks and serpentinites across the contact zone. In addition, the abundances of SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, K2O, Rb, Cs, and Y show important features. Of greatest interest, perhaps, approximately 15 cm from the contact with meta-ultramafic rock, Zr, U, Hf, Pb, Ba, Sr, Y, and Cs in albitite are greatly enriched compared to elsewhere in the contact zone. Element enrichments spatially coincide with the appearance, increase in modal abundance, and/or increase in grain sizes of zircon, rare earth element (REE) rich epidote, titantite, and celsian within albitite. All of these 'trace-element-rich' accessory minerals show poikiloblastic inclusions of albite, which suggests that they grew concomitantly in the metasomatic zone. Graphical and computational methods of evaluating mass changes of metasomatites relative to likely protoliths show that, near the contact, fewer minor and trace elements in albitite show 1:1 coordination with presumed protoliths. Most metasomatitites are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and heat-producing elements (HPE) relative to likely protoliths. Albitite near the contact with meta-ultramafic rocks also shows ultramafic components. Except for a Ca-rich actinolite schist zone, the meta-ultramafic rocks are depleted in LILE and HPE relative to serpentinite; host serpentinite is itself under-abundant in these elements relative to average upper mantle or chondrite. In summary, the metasomatic zone shows more evidence for the introduction of components to albitite and actinolitic meta-ultramafic rock than it does for exchange of protolith components between jadeitite and serpentinite. The fluid that presumably formed the metasomatites was sufficiently rich in LILE and high-field-strength elements (HFSE) to both saturate and grow minerals in which Zr, Ba, and Ti are essential structural constituents and/or HFSE, LILE, and HPE minor to moderate substitunts. These geochemically diverse element groups were fixed in albitite via the crystallization and growth of new accessory minerals within these rocks during albititization. The amount of LILE and HPE-depleted meta-ultramafic rock appears to be too small to call upon a local source for the LILE and HPE-enrichment seen in albitites. Therefore, LILE and HPE must be of exotic origin, carried and deposited by fluids within the albitites at the jadeitite-serpentinite contact. This contact clearly testifies to an alteration style that involved crystallization of 'trace-element'-rich minerals during fluid flow; this process appears to be essential to mass transfer within subduction zones. C1 [Sorensen, Sorena S.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Sisson, Virginia B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Harlow, George E.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Lallemantd, Hans G. Ave] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci MS 126, Houston, TX USA. RP Sorensen, SS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM sorensens@.si.edu FU Smithsonian Institution [EAR0309320] FX Louie's early career as a brilliant laboratory scientist who could grow epidote has been followed by a large and amazingly diverse oeuvre of distinguished contributions to the petrology of subduction zones. As far as we can tell, he just keeps getting smarter! This research was funded by the Sprague and Becker Endowments of the Smithsonian Institution and EAR0309320. Marc Lipella, Liz Costello, and Dusty Aiker performed many of the analyses reported here and assisted in other aspects of the work. Dr Amelia Logan and Tim Rose were invaluable in the microprobe, CL and XRF laboratories. NR 93 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0020-6814 J9 INT GEOL REV JI Int. Geol. Rev. PY 2010 VL 52 IS 9 BP 899 EP 940 AR PII 921716618 DI 10.1080/00206810903211963 PG 42 WC Geology SC Geology GA 611XA UT WOS:000278857000001 ER PT J AU Papandrea, E Arnone, E Brizzi, G Carlotti, M Castelli, E Dinelli, BM Ridolfi, M AF Papandrea, E. Arnone, E. Brizzi, G. Carlotti, M. Castelli, E. Dinelli, B. M. Ridolfi, M. TI Two-dimensional tomographic retrieval of MIPAS/ENVISAT measurements of ozone and related species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SCANNING ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; FIT APPROACH; MIPAS; MODEL AB Observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) were analysed with the two-dimensional GMTR retrieval system in order to obtain fields of ozone and several molecular species related to ozone chemistry: HNO(3), N(2)O, NO(2), N(2)O(5), ClONO(2), COF(2), CFC-11 and CFC-12. MIPAS measures mid-infrared emission of the atmosphere both during the day and at night time with global coverage. Observing the atmosphere with limb viewing geometries, the instrument is able to resolve finer vertical structures than with nadir instruments, thus enabling the investigation of ozone height-dependent processes. With the currently planned mission extended up to 2014, MIPAS can provide both short-term resolution and long-term trends needed for studying ozone. The adopted GMTR algorithm permits us to resolve the horizontal inhomogeneities of the atmosphere that are modelled using a two-dimensional discretization of the atmosphere. It is therefore especially suitable for analysing portions of the atmosphere where strong gradients such as at the ozone hole may be poorly reproduced by common horizontal homogeneous one-dimensional retrievals. The adopted strategy is well suited for a refined analysis and a correct monitoring of the ozone recovery, as required by the Montreal Protocol and successive amendments. C1 [Papandrea, E.; Arnone, E.; Carlotti, M.; Ridolfi, M.] Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Brizzi, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Castelli, E.; Dinelli, B. M.] ISAC CNR, Bologna, Italy. RP Papandrea, E (reprint author), Dipartimento Chim Fis & Inorgan, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. EM enzo.papandrea@unibo.it RI Dinelli, Bianca Maria/C-1212-2015; OI Papandrea, Enzo/0000-0001-6698-0011; Castelli, Elisa/0000-0003-2218-5790; Dinelli, Bianca Maria/0000-0002-1218-0008 FU European Community [MERG-CT-2007-209157] FX E. Arnone acknowledges funding through the European Community's Human Potential Programme Marie Curie under contract MERG-CT-2007-209157. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1080/01431160902893501 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 544HT UT WOS:000273646000015 ER PT J AU Collin, R Mobley, AS Lopez, LB Leys, SP Diaz, MC Thacker, RW AF Collin, Rachel Mobley, Andrew S. Busutil Lopez, Linnet Leys, Sally P. Cristina Diaz, Maria Thacker, Robert W. TI Phototactic responses of larvae from the marine sponges Neopetrosia proxima and Xestospongia bocatorensis (Haplosclerida: Petrosiidae) SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Porifera; parenchymella larvae; larval ecology ID CORAL-REEF SPONGE; INTERTIDAL SPONGE; DEMOSPONGES; SETTLEMENT; BEHAVIOR; PORIFERA; RELEASE; ASSEMBLAGES; LIGHT AB Previous studies suggest that phototaxis in sponge larvae is generated by the bending of a tuft of long posterior cilia (LPC). The photoresponsiveness of these cilia is often assayed by examining their reaction to sudden changes in light intensity. Here, we document and describe the larvae of the tropical marine sponges Neopetrosia proxima and Xestospongia bocatorensis and examine the phototactic behavior of their larvae. Both species brood ovoid, tufted parenchymella larvae, clearly countering an earlier hypothesis that all petrosid sponges are oviparous. Larvae of N. proxima were positively phototactic and settled after 2 d, while larvae of X. bocatorensis were negatively phototactic and settled in as little as 4 h. In both species, LPC quickly responded to changes in the light intensity. When the light intensity is reduced, the larvae of N. proxima fold the cilia inwards immediately without beating, then flare them outwards, beating for a few seconds, and then gradually return to the neutral position while continuing to beat. In contrast, the larvae of X. bocatorensis flare the cilia outwards when the light intensity is reduced and fold them inwards when the light intensity is increased. Comparisons with reported ciliary responses to light for other species demonstrate that these responses do not show the hypothesized one-to-one correspondence with phototactic behaviors and are, therefore, of limited use in explaining the mechanisms that coordinate larval swimming. C1 [Mobley, Andrew S.; Thacker, Robert W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Bocas Toro Res Stn, Balboa, Panama. [Busutil Lopez, Linnet] Inst Oceanog, Havana 11600, Cuba. [Leys, Sally P.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Cristina Diaz, Maria] Marine Museum Margarita, Boca Del Rio, Margarita, Venezuela. RP Thacker, RW (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM thacker@uab.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010; Leys, Sally/A-2660-2014 FU US National Science Foundation [0209329, 0829986]; Smithsonian Institution's Women's Committee FX We thank the staff of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Bocas del Toro Research Station and participants in the 2007 STRI Training in Tropical Taxonomy course Taxonomy and Ecology of Caribbean Sponges for their hard work and enthusiasm. Katie MacDonald, Richard Helling, and two anonymous reviewers provided constructive comments that improved the manuscript. Financial support for this course was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Women's Committee. Additional support was provided by the US National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 0209329 and 0829986 to R.W.T. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2010 VL 129 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00196.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 595PI UT WOS:000277623700002 ER PT J AU Collin, R Giribet, G AF Collin, Rachel Giribet, Gonzalo TI Report of a cohesive gelatinous egg mass produced by a tropical marine bivalve SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bivalvia; Lucinidae; development; Caribbean; Heterodonta ID POSTLARVAL DEVELOPMENT; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; DNA-SEQUENCES; MORPHOLOGY; LUCINIDAE; MOLLUSCA; LARVAL; REPRODUCTION; EMBRYOS; LIGHT AB Gelatinous egg masses are common in a number of animal phyla. However, they are virtually unknown in marine bivalves, with structures that could be thought of as gelatinous egg masses being reported for only five species. We describe the gelatinous egg mass and intracapsular development in the tropical lucinid Phacoides pectinatus. The embryos developed within individual capsules embedded in a large flimsy, spherical mass. Swimming veligers hatch at 198 mu m shell length. They did not feed, settled within several days of hatching, and metamorphosis was completed within 2 weeks of hatching. Gelatinous egg masses might be detected in members of more lucinid species if studies of development included field or in vivo observations of reproduction in addition to producing embryos by stripping the gonads. C1 [Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Giribet, Gonzalo] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Collin, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, POB 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama. EM collinr@si.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010; Giribet, Gonzalo/P-1086-2015; OI Giribet, Gonzalo/0000-0002-5467-8429; Collin, Rachel/0000-0001-5103-4460 FU National Science Foundation [EF-0531757] FX Greg Rouse collected the egg mass and kindly offered them for study, along with the photographs of the egg mass. Akiko Okusu translated the relevant paragraph of Miyazaki (1938). Maricela Salazar assisted with wet laboratory work and Alejandra Guzman assisted with molecular work. We thank the staff of the Bocas del Toro Research Station for technical support. This manuscript is partly based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (AToL program) under grant no. #EF-0531757 to G.G. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2010 VL 129 IS 2 BP 165 EP 171 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00188.x PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 595PI UT WOS:000277623700006 ER PT J AU Baeza, JA AF Antonio Baeza, J. TI Observations on the sexual system and the natural history of the semi-terrestrial shrimp Merguia rhizophorae (Rathbun, 1900) SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sex allocation; sex ratio; protandry; Caridea ID PROTANDRIC SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITISM; LYSMATA-WURDEMANNI CARIDEA; MARINE SHRIMP; SOCIAL MONOGAMY; DECAPODA; HIPPOLYTIDAE; CRUSTACEA; NATANTIA; DIFFERENTIATION; CHARACTERS AB The sexual system of the semi-terrestrial shrimp Merguia rhizophorae is described, along with natural history observations on this unusual caridean. Individuals of M. rhizophorae in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama, were found occupying fossilized coral terraces in the upper and mid-intertidal zones, inhabiting caves and crevices, in and out of water. These fossilized coral terraces represent a new habitat for this species, which was previously reported only from mangrove swamps. Males, which made up 65% of the studied population, were smaller than females on average. No small juvenile females were observed, but transitional individuals having the characteristics of both males (gonopores) and females (ovaries) were observed in the population. These data suggest that individuals of M. rhizophorae are protandric hermaphrodites. Logistic regression indicated that the carapace length at which 50% of the individuals change sex is 4.89 mm. The abundance of shrimps at the study site was low. Shrimps were usually solitary, but occasionally observed in groups of < 5 individuals. Shrimps were commonly observed walking while out of water, and in some cases, emerged shrimps jumped vigorously, presumably to avoid capture by the researcher or by predatory crabs. Additional studies on the reproductive biology and the behavioral ecology of members of this genus and of members of the closely related families Barbouridae and Lysmatidae will aid in understanding the evolutionary origin and the adaptive value of gender expression patterns in shrimps. C1 [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Antonio Baeza, J.] Univ Catolica Norte, Fac Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biol, Coquimbo, Chile. RP Baeza, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM baezaa@si.edu OI Baeza, Juan Antonio/0000-0002-2573-6773 FU Smithsonian Institution; National Geographic Society; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Fellowship; STRI Marine Fellowship FX Many thanks are due to Arcadio Ortiz for his help during shrimp collection. I thank Gabriel Jacome, Plinio Gondola, and all the staff from Bocas del Toro Research Station for their patience and help with the scheduling of trips and work in Panama. Special thanks are due to John Christy for continuous support during my postdoctoral research. This research was partially funded by a Marine Science Network Grant from the Smithsonian Institution through the Johnson and Hunterdon Oceanographic Research Endowments and by a Committee for Research and Exploration Grant of the National Geographic Society. Support from the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce Fellowship and the STRI Marine Fellowship is appreciated. Julie Piraino and two referees critically reviewed the manuscript and provided helpful comments. This is contribution number 822 of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1077-8306 EI 1744-7410 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2010 VL 129 IS 3 BP 266 EP 276 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00200.x PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 641PU UT WOS:000281142000006 ER PT J AU Vargas, S Eitel, M Breedy, O Schierwater, B AF Vargas, Sergio Eitel, Michael Breedy, Odalisca Schierwater, Bernd TI Molecules match morphology: mitochondrial DNA supports Bayer's Lytreia-Bebryce-Heterogorgia (Alcyonacea : Octocorallia) clade hypothesis SO INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Bebryce; Heterogorgia; Lytreia; molecular phylogenetics; Octocorallia; sclerite evolution ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY; EASTERN PACIFIC; GENUS; CNIDARIA; COELENTERATA; ANTHOZOA; SEA; SPECIATION; SEQUENCES AB Several studies attempting to clarify the taxonomy and systematics of Octocorallia have highlighted the important role of molecular characters in corroborating or rejecting previous hypotheses based on morphological variation. One such hypothesis is that of a close phylogenetic relationship between the genera Lytreia, Bebryce and Heterogorgia proposed by Bayer based on morphological studies of the genera. Herein, we tested Bayer's hypothesis using the mitochondrial marker mshI. We deduced a molecular phylogeny including members of the families Gorgoniidae and 'Paramuriceidae' that corroborated the existence of Bayer's Lytreia-Bebryce-Heterogorgia clade. In addition, we provide a morphological assessment of the three genera as well as diagnoses for each of them. We also discuss, based on the phylogenetic results obtained, the evolution of sclerite morphology within Bayer's Lytreia-Bebyce-Heterogorgia clade. Finally, we propose a Tethyan origin for the Lytreia-Bebryce-Heterogorgia clade. C1 [Vargas, Sergio; Eitel, Michael; Schierwater, Bernd] TiHo, ITZ, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. [Vargas, Sergio; Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Breedy, Odalisca] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA 34002 USA. [Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Ciencias Mar & Limnol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Estruct Microscop, San Pedro, Costa Rica. [Schierwater, Bernd] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Invertebrate Zool, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Vargas, S (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Mol Geo & Palaeobiol Lab, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM s.vargas@lrz.uni-muenchen.de RI Vargas, Sergio/A-5678-2011; OI Vargas, Sergio/0000-0001-8704-1339; Eitel, Michael/0000-0002-0531-0732 FU DAAD; Foundation Herbette FX We thank the following people and institutions for their generosity in making available specimens and information used in this study: CAS: G. Williams and B. Van Syoc; CDRS: C. Hickmann; MCZ: A. Baldinger and V. Wallace; USNM: S. Cairns; YPM: E. Lazo-Wasem. We also thank R. Vargas for her unconditional support during the development of this study. K. Zimmer helped during laboratory work. We like to specially thank S. Simon and S. Sagasser for their constant support and help, S. Becker gently helped SV with idiomatic issues, and generally all ITZ members who helped during the cold German laboratory days; to all of them: 'We'll meet again, don't no where, don't no when...'. We are especially grateful to C. A. Guevara, H. M. Guzman and J. Cortes for their cooperation and support in collecting samples, and P. Denyer for producing the SEM plate. We thank the staff of the computer cluster facility of the Instituto Tecnologico Costarricense, C. Vargas and J. Castro for allowing us to use the cluster for some analyses included in this study. Some bioinformatic analyses were carried out on the freely available Bioportal (www.bioportal.uio.no). This work was partially sponsored by DAAD through its Stipendien fur Wissenschaftler for SV. The Foundation Herbette provided additional support for SEM facilities to the University of Lausanne. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-5226 EI 1447-2600 J9 INVERTEBR SYST JI Invertebr. Syst. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1071/IS09033 PG 9 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 596WY UT WOS:000277717400003 ER PT J AU Marino-Cardenas, Y Zapata, M Brodbeck, BV McKamey, S Andersen, PC AF Marino-Cardenas, Yobana Zapata, Mildred Brodbeck, Brent V. McKamey, Stuart Andersen, Peter C. TI Biodiversity and ecology of potential vectors (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorryncha) of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. in coffee plants of Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE Agallia; Apogonalia; Caribovia; Hortensia ID CICADELLIDAE; LEAFHOPPER; PREFERENCE; DISEASE; CITRUS; BRAZIL AB Xylella fastidiosa(Xf) is a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of coffee leaf scorch (CLS) in Central America. The purpose of this research was to survey potential vectors of Xf in plantings of coffee, Coffee arabica L., in Puerto Rico. These surveys were conducted from June to November 2006 on four farms, located in the municipalities of Yauco, Juana Diaz and Adjuntas. Insects were collected at each site at 15-day intervals. The 7,423 individuals collected belonged to five families and 12 species. Cicadellidae was the primary family in both number of species and number of individuals. Indexes of dominance, abundance, frequency and constancy showed Agallia pulchra, Apogonalia imitatrix, Caribovia coffeacola and Hortensia similis to be the predominant species. Indexes also showed significant differences among locations, with higher diversity and equitability on Yauco farms, and higher dominance in Adjuntas. Of the four dominant species, Apogonalia imitatrix, C. coffeacola and H. similis are all xylem fluid feeders, and thus may be potential vectors of Xf. Apogonalia imitatrix represents the first report of the species for Puerto Rico. C1 [Marino-Cardenas, Yobana] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Crop Protect, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Zapata, Mildred] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Crops & Agroenvironm Sci, Coll Agr Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Brodbeck, Brent V.; Andersen, Peter C.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL USA. [McKamey, Stuart] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC USA. RI Rinaldi2, Carlos/D-4479-2011 FU USDA/CSREES [ZTS-16]; [34135-15669] FX This research was financed by project ZTS-16 (USDA/CSREES) and TSTAR #34135-15669. The authors wish to thank Dr. Angel Gonzalez and Prof. Edwin Abreu for their excellent comments on sampling and Dr. Thomas Henry for his comments on the manuscript; Miguel Arango and Neis Martinez for assistance with the statistical analysis and Rosario Gaud, Alvaro Serrano, Wigmar Gonzalez, Manuel Santana, and Diego Viteri for their collaboration in field work for this research. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PI RIO PIEDRAS PA PO BOX 21360, RIO PIEDRAS, PUERTO RICO 00927 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 164 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 740YO UT WOS:000288830500010 ER PT J AU Hesselberg, T Triana, E AF Hesselberg, Thomas Triana, Emilia TI The web of the acacia orb-spider Eustala illicita (Araneae: Araneidae) with notes on its natural history SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orb-web; tropical spider; swollen-thorn acacias; web parameters ID ARGIOPE-KEYSERLINGI ARANEAE; ZYGIELLA-X-NOTATA; WEAVING SPIDERS; BUILDING BEHAVIOR; CENTRAL AMERICA; PREY; MUTUALISM; GEOMETRY; CAPTURE; RANGE AB A great number of spiders build orb-webs and although the overall structure is the result of fixed behavioral patterns, much small-scale inter- and intraspecific variation is nonetheless evident. Thus in order to fully understand the orb-web and web-building behavior in these spiders, we need to study substantial samples of many different species of orb-weavers. However, to date only a few species have been rigorously studied both in the field and in the laboratory. Here, we investigate the ecology, behavior and orb-web of the neotropical spider Eustala illicita (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1889) and suggest it as suitable for further studies based on 1) the ease at which it can be located in abundant numbers in the field, 2) its willingness to build webs in the laboratory, 3) the plasticity of its behavior, and 4) its interesting ecology in the form of interactions with the swollen-thorn acacias and their ant mutualists. Here, we introduce its natural history and then provide a detailed description of orb-webs built in the field and in the laboratory, which we compare to other orb-spiders. C1 [Hesselberg, Thomas; Triana, Emilia] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Triana, Emilia] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Pedro, Costa Rica. RP Hesselberg, T (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. EM Thomas.Hesselberg@gmail.com RI Hesselberg, Thomas/A-1711-2008 FU Parque Natural Metropolitano; Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) [SE/A-81-08, SE/A-104-08]; Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX Thanks to John Styrsky for his information on and discussions about the spider, to Sabrina Amador-Vargas for identifying the acacia and the ant species, to Diomedes Quientero and Roberto Miranda for identifying the spiders and finally to Gilbert Barrantes, William Eberhard, Linden Higgins, Matjaz Kuntner and Samuel Zschokke for their valuable suggestions of an earlier version of this paper. The authors gratefully acknowledge the permission granted by the Parque Natural Metropolitano and the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM permits no. SE/A-81-08 and SE/A-104-08) to carry out this study. The study was funded by a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship to TH and a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute short-term fellowship to ET. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 573NU UT WOS:000275921400003 ER PT J AU Gregoric, M Kostanjsek, R Kuntner, M AF Gregoric, Matjaz Kostanjsek, Rok Kuntner, Matjaz TI Orb web features as taxonomic characters in Zygiella s.l. (Araneae: Araneidae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zygiellidae; web architecture; taxonomy; diagnosis; behavior ID SPIDERS ARANEAE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; WEAVING SPIDERS; NEPHILIDAE; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; HOMOLOGY; CAPTURE; THERIDIIDAE; ARANEOIDEA AB The species classically grouped in the genus Zygiella F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1902 are thought to all possess a characteristic orb web feature a spiral-free sector in the upper part of the orb. Zygiella s.l. has recently been split into four genera, Zygiella s.s., Leviellus Wunderlich 2004, Parazygiella Wunderlich 2004 and Stroemiellus Wunderlich 2004, and proposed to belong to family Zygiellidae, rather than the classical Araneidae. To find orb web features that could potentially diagnose these species and/or genera, we investigated female web architectures of L. thorelli, P. montana, S. stroemi, Z. keyserlingi and Z. x-notata. We investigated a total of 278 female webs and compared 16 characters emphasizing web size, web and hub asymmetry, as well as radial and spiral counts. The free sector may be present in all species but its prevalence in female webs varied from 41% in Z. keyserlingi to 94% in P. montana. Various combinations of web architecture characters may diagnose those species that in our sample represented all four genera: Zygiella s.s. may be diagnosed by the median number of non-circulating sticky spirals below hub, Stroemiellus by the small web size with small mesh width and the non-circulating spirals above hub, Parazygiella by few primary radii and sticky spirals, and Leviellus by a pronounced vertical hub displacement. This suite of diagnostic features may provide preliminary support for the current taxonomy of Zygiella s.l., although the ultimate test, i.e., a phylogeny, is needed to test the validity of the genera. Seven out of 16 web characters are potentially phylogenetically informative because they show a statistically significant shared variation among species. Our study, which pioneers the quantification of web data to distinguish species, implies that the interspecific variation in webs may turn out to reflect phylogenetic relationships among Zygiella s.l. C1 [Gregoric, Matjaz; Kuntner, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kostanjsek, Rok] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gregoric, M (reprint author), Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, Novi Trg 2,POB 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM matjaz.gregoric@gmail.com NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 EI 1937-2396 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 319 EP 327 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652UA UT WOS:000282034400017 ER PT J AU Kuntner, M Agnarsson, I AF Kuntner, Matjaz Agnarsson, Ingi TI Web gigantism in Darwin's bark spider, a new species from Madagascar (Araneidae: Caerostris) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diversity; DNA barcode; genital mutilation; morphology; orb web architecture; sexual behavior; sexual size dimorphism ID ORB-WEAVING SPIDERS; GENITAL MUTILATION; NEPHILID SPIDERS; ARANEAE; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; ARANEOIDEA; BEHAVIOR; SILK AB The remarkable bark spiders (genus Caerostris: Araneidae) are poorly known Old World tropical orb-weavers, whose diversity, currently at II species, is grossly underestimated. Most species build large webs at forest edges, clearings, and gardens, but in Madagascar, probably the hot spot of Caerostris diversity, at least one species occupies a unique ecological niche: casting its web across streams, rivers and lakes, so that the orb is suspended above water and attached to substrate on each riverbank via bridgelines up to 25 m. Here, we summarize current knowledge on Caerostris natural history, and specifically focus on the remarkable web architecture and biology of the newly described Caerostris darwini n. sp. Darwin's bark spider builds its web, a regular orb suspended above water, and maintains it with daily reinforcing of bridgelines and renewal of orb for many days. Web size ranged from 900-28,000 cm(2), with the largest measured web of about 2.8 m(2) being the largest orb ever measured, to our knowledge. With anchor lines capable of bridging over 25 m, it also builds the longest webs among all spiders a unique form of web gigantism. We report on mass capture of ephemeropteran prey items in C. darwini n. sp. webs during a single day. Webs contained up to 32 mayflies that were subsequently wrapped en masse before the spider fed on them. We also provide the first evidence of kleptoparasitism in these webs both by other spiders (Argyrodinae) and by newly documented, undescribed symbiotic flies. Caerostris display extreme sexual size dimorphism with large females and small males, which is manifested in enigmatic sexual behaviors such as mate guarding, male-male aggressiveness, genital mutilation, mate plugging, and self castration. Caerostris is thus a promising candidate for evolutionary studies, and its diversity, biology, and phylogenetic relationships all deserve a closer scrutiny. C1 [Kuntner, Matjaz; Agnarsson, Ingi] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Kuntner, Matjaz; Agnarsson, Ingi] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Kuntner, M (reprint author), Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, Novi Trg 2,POB 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM kuntner@gmail.com FU Slovenian Research Agency [Z1-9799-0618-07]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0516038]; European Community [MIRG-CT-20036536]; Sallee Charitable Trust; U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-9712353]; National Geographic Society [8655-09] FX This is Contribution 4 resulting from the 2008 Indian Ocean expedition, funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant Z1-9799-0618-07 to I. Agnarsson) and the National Science Foundation (grant DEB-0516038 to T. Blackledge). Additional funding came from the European Community 6th Framework Programme (a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant MIRG-CT-20036536 to M. Kuntner). The 2001 field work was supported by the Sallee Charitable Trust grant to the authors and by a U.S. National Science Foundation grant (DEB-9712353) to G. Hormiga and J. A. Coddington. The 2010 fieldwork was supported by a grant to the authors from the National Geographic Society (8655-09). We thank Benjamin Andriamihaja and the MICET crew in Antananarivo, Sahondra Hanitriniaina and Honore Rabarison for their help in the field, Patrick O'Grady and Mark Stowe for commenting on dipteran kleptoparasitism, Todd Blackledge for kindly providing the CO1 barcode, Matjaz Gregorie for sharing unpublished field data, and Petra Sierwald and an adonymous reviewer for their suggestions. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 EI 1937-2396 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 346 EP 356 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652UA UT WOS:000282034400020 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I AF Agnarsson, Ingi TI The utility of ITS2 in spider phylogenetics: notes on prior work and an example from Anelosimus SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phylogeny; DNA barcode; ITS2 secondary structure; sociality; Theridiidae ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ARANEAE; THERIDIIDAE; SEQUENCE; COLONIZATION; ADVANTAGES; ALIGNMENT; LINEAGES; PATTERNS; REVISION AB The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS2 is probably the most popular nuclear DNA marker used to examine relationships among and within species in animals and plants. ITS2 sequences have also begun to be used as DNA barcodes. ITS2, however, has rarely been used in studies of spiders. Here, I examine the potential utility of this marker for spider phylogenetics based on preliminary data for Anelosimus spiders and a brief summary of prior work. The secondary structure of ITS2 facilitated alignment of highly divergent sequences and indicated that secondary structure morphology might be phylogenetically informative in itself. Phylogenetic analysis of Anelosimus species was congruent with a prior study based on a combination of six mitochondrial and nuclear loci plus morphology regarding the deeper chides within the genus. However, ITS2 had insufficient variation to resolve relationships within species and among closely related species. Previous studies have also discovered relatively little within-species variation in ITS2. In sum, ITS2 is an easily amplified and sequenced marker that is underutilized in spider phylogenetics; however, it has limited uses at the lowest taxonomic levels and is not likely to be a universally useful DNA barcode marker. C1 [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM iagnarsson@gmail.com NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 377 EP 382 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 652UA UT WOS:000282034400027 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WG AF Eberhard, William G. TI Possible functional significance of spigot placement on the spinnerets of spiders SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Silk; silk gland; phylogenetics inertia ID ARANEAE; WEB; THERIDIIDAE; SILK; CONSTRUCTION; ARANEIDAE; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; ARANEOIDEA; BEHAVIOR AB This paper discusses the possible functional significance of the locations of the spigots of different types of silk gland on the different spinnerets of spiders. Deductions are based on recognition that some types of line are initiated by being attached to the dragline, that there is an anterior-posterior asymmetry in how such lines can be initiated, and that spigot location also affects the possibility of attaching lines to the substrate. Possible explanations are given for several morphological details, including the anterior location of the dragline, piriform and cribellum spigots, planar arrays of piriform and cribellum spigots, and posterior location of aciniform spigots. I argue that piriform gland products are not used to attach egg sac lines to each other, that sticky wrapping lines are initiated in theridiids and pholcids by attaching them to draglines and that lines from both aciniform and cylindriform glands are laid along with liquid that renders them sticky. The possible role of phylogenetic inertia in determining spigot locations is discussed. Further work is needed to determine whether termination of lines and accessibility of spigots for cleaning also influence their positions. C1 [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Eberhard, WG (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM william.eberhard@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Vicerrectoria de Investigacion of the Universidad de Costa Rica FX I thank H.W. Levi for identifying spiders, Ingi Agnarsson, Gilbert Barrantes, Bernhard Huber and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on preliminary drafts, and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Vicerrectoria de Investigacion of the Universidad de Costa Rica for financial support. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 407 EP 414 DI 10.1636/B09-97.1 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 852VQ UT WOS:000297386000003 ER PT J AU Hruskova-Martisova, M Pekar, S Cardoso, P AF Hruskova-Martisova, Martina Pekar, Stano Cardoso, Pedro TI Natural history of the Iberian solifuge Gluvia dorsalis (Solifuges: Daesiidae) SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Camel-spider; activity; prey; reproduction; sexual dimorphism ID DISTRIBUTIONS; SPIDERS; ARANEAE; TAXA AB In this paper we present a detailed study of the natural history of Gluvia dorsalis (Latreille 1817), a representative of the family Daesiidae, the only solifuge species known to occur in southwestern Europe. We studied its distribution, habitat preference, circadian activity, seasonal occurrence, burrowing, predatory and post-mating behavior, prey, fecundity, ontogenesis, and sexual dimorphism. Gluvia dorsalis occurs in lowlands across the entire Iberian Peninsula, preferring grassland or similar open-ground habitats with little summer rain. According to pitfall trap data, the species was active on the surface from May until the beginning of November. It is a nocturnal epigean predator, feeding principally on ants and spiders. However, under laboratory conditions, specimens captured and consumed a variety of arthropods. G. dorsalis seems to hide in underground burrows only when molting, overwintering, or laying eggs. Reproduction occurred in early summer, and females usually produced a single egg clutch containing, on average, 84 eggs, and died soon after. Our results indicate that the G. dorsalis is a biennial species. There was sexual dimorphism in several morphological structures that might be used for sex matching in juvenile instars. C1 [Hruskova-Martisova, Martina; Pekar, Stano] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. [Cardoso, Pedro] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Cardoso, Pedro] Univ Azores, Azorean Biodivers Grp, Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal. RP Pekar, S (reprint author), Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot & Zool, CS-61137 Brno, Czech Republic. EM pekar@sci.muni.cz RI Cardoso, Pedro/A-8820-2008; OI Cardoso, Pedro/0000-0001-8119-9960; Pekar, Stano/0000-0002-0197-5040 FU Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [1P06ME851, 0021622416]; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/1195/2000] FX We would like to thank C. Meierrose and P. Surovy for kind help with the logistics in Portugal and P. Vanhara for help in the field. We are very grateful to L. Higgins for useful comments on the manuscript and for the improvement of English. The study was supported by grants no. 1P06ME851 and no. 0021622416 of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. Fieldwork was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/1195/2000). NR 50 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 466 EP 474 DI 10.1636/Hi09-104.1 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 852VQ UT WOS:000297386000011 ER PT J AU Barrantes, G Eberhard, WG AF Barrantes, Gilbert Eberhard, William G. TI Ontogeny repeats phylogeny in Steatoda and Latrodectus spiders SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Web design; ontogenetic pattern; plesiomorphic traits; web evolution ID ARANEAE THERIDIIDAE; BIOGENETIC LAW; WEB; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; NEPHILIDAE; ARANEOIDEA; COMB AB Web designs of young spiders are often less derived than those of older conspecific individuals. This study tested whether this "ontogeny repeats phylogeny" pattern occurs in two species of Latrodectus and two species of the closely related genus Steatoda. This pattern was assumed to occur in a recent study of a third Latrodectus species, L. geometricus, which attempted to deduce a probable evolutionary derivation of gum-foot webs of theridiids on the basis of ontogenetic changes. We found the same basic ontogeny repeats phylogeny ontogenetic pattern in all four species, suggesting that the previous suppositions were justified. As expected, the webs of the young instars of the two Latrodectus species were more similar than those of the adults, and were more similar to those of young than to those of adults of L. geometricus. One apparently derived trait of L. mirabilis, attaching prey remains as camouflage for the spider in the central portion of the web, did not change during ontogeny, and was present in even the webs of first-instar spiderlings. Field observations of L. mirabilis suggest that the ontogenetic change from light to darker abdominal color patterns that occurs in many Latrodectus species may result from changes in selection for camouflage associated with ontogenetic changes in web designs and the spiders' resting sites. The webs of Steatoda also fit the ontogenetic pattern: at least some ontogenetic changes in both species involved younger spiders having less derived traits than those of adults. The webs of young Steatoda spiders were more derived in some respects than those of the early instars of Latrodectus. C1 [Barrantes, Gilbert; Eberhard, William G.] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Barrantes, G (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ciudad Univ Rodrigo Facio, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM gilbert.barrantes@gmail.com FU Universidad de Costa Rica; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX It is a pleasure to thank Fernando Costa, Anita Aisenberg, and other members of the Etologia, Ecologia y Evolucion lab of the Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas Clemente Estable, as well as Carmen Viera, for hosting us and providing help and good company in collecting and housing spiders. We also thank Carmen Viera for invitations to participate in the IX Jornadas de Zoologia de Uruguay, which financed our trip to Uruguay, and the Universidad de Costa Rica and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for other financial support. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PARK PA UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, 4112 PLANT SCIENCES BLDG, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20742-4454 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 485 EP 494 DI 10.1636/B10-05.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 852VQ UT WOS:000297386000013 ER PT J AU Gaither, MR Toonen, RJ Robertson, DR Planes, S Bowen, BW AF Gaither, Michelle R. Toonen, Robert J. Robertson, D. Ross Planes, Serge Bowen, Brian W. TI Genetic evaluation of marine biogeographical barriers: perspectives from two widespread Indo-Pacific snappers (Lutjanus kasmira and Lutjanus fulvus) SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Cytochrome b; endemism; Indo-Pacific Barrier; marine fish; Marquesas; mtDNA; nuclear intron; phylogeography ID CORAL-REEF FISH; STARFISH ACANTHASTER-PLANCI; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; SPATIAL SCALES; CONTROL REGION; BIRGUS-LATRO AB Aim In the Indo-Pacific, the mass of islands of the Indonesian archipelago constitute a major biogeographical barrier (the Indo-Pacific Barrier, IPB) separating the Pacific and Indian oceans. Evidence for other, more localized barriers include high rates of endemism at the Marquesas and other isolated peripheral islands in the Pacific. Here we use mitochondrial-sequence comparisons to evaluate the efficacy of biogeographical barriers on populations of the snappers Lutjanus kasmira and Lutjanus fulvus across their natural ranges. Location Pacific and Indian oceans. Methods Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data were obtained from 370 individuals of L. kasmira and 203 individuals of L. fulvus collected from across each species' range. Allele frequency data for two nuclear introns were collected from L. kasmira. Phylogenetic and population-level analyses were used to determine patterns of population structure in these species and to identify barriers to dispersal. Results Lutjanus kasmira lacks genetic structure across the IPB and throughout 12,000 km of its central Indo-Pacific range. In contrast, L. fulvus demonstrates high levels of population structure at all geographical scales. In both species, highly significant population structure results primarily from the phylogenetic distinctiveness of their Marquesas Islands populations (L. kasmira, d = 0.50-0.53%; L. fulvus, d = 0.87-1.50%). Coalescence analyses of the L. kasmira data indicate that populations at opposite ends of its range (western Indian Ocean and the Marquesas) are the oldest. Coalescence analyses for L. fulvus are less robust but also indicate colonization from the Indian to the Pacific Ocean. Main conclusions The IPB does not act as a biogeographical barrier to L. kasmira, and, in L. fulvus, its effects are no stronger than isolating mechanisms elsewhere. Both species demonstrate a strong genetic break at the Marquesas. Population divergence and high endemism in that archipelago may be a product of geographical isolation enhanced by oceanographic currents that limit gene flow to and from those islands, and adaptation to unusual ecological conditions. Lutjanus kasmira shows evidence of Pleistocene population expansion throughout the Indo-central Pacific that originated in the western Indian Ocean rather than the Marquesas, further demonstrating a strong barrier at the latter location. C1 [Gaither, Michelle R.; Toonen, Robert J.; Bowen, Brian W.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Robertson, D. Ross] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, APO, AA USA. [Planes, Serge] CRIOBE, EPHE, CNRS, UMS 2978, Moorea 98729, Fr Polynesia. RP Gaither, MR (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, POB 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM gaither@hawaii.edu RI Toonen, Rob/K-2891-2012; Gaither, Michelle/J-3137-2015 OI Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340; Gaither, Michelle/0000-0002-0371-5621 FU National Geographic [NGS 7269-02]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OIA0554657, OCE-0453167, OCE-0623678]; NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries [2005-008/66882]; Hawaii Sea [NA05OAR4171048] FX This study arose from fieldwork supported by National Geographic grant no. NGS 7269-02 (D.R.R.). It was further supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant nos OIA0554657, OCE-0453167 (B.W.B.) and OCE-0623678 (R.J.T.). Additional support for this work came from NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Program MOA grant no. 2005-008/66882 (B.W.B. and R.J.T.) and a Hawaii Sea Grant under grant no. NA05OAR4171048 (B.W.B.). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NOAA or any of their sub-agencies. Paul Barber, Howard Choat, Pat Collins, Matt Craig, John Earle, Jeff Eble, Brian Greene, Steve Karl, Jim Maragos, Craig Musburger, David Pence, Luiz Rocha, Charles Sheppard, the British Indian Ocean Territory Administration and the Guam Fishermen's Cooperative helped to collect specimens. We thank Trina Leberer at The Nature Conservancy, Sue Taei at Conservation International, Graham Wragg of the RV Bounty Bay, the Government of Kiribati, and the Phoenix Island Protected Area who assisted with Kiribati collections, Marc Crepeau for valuable laboratory assistance and protocol development, Sarah Daley, Rajesh Shrestha and Mindy Mizobe of the HIMB EPSCoR core facility for their assistance with DNA sequencing, and Shelley Jones and all the members of the ToBo lab for their assistance, support and feedback throughout this project. We thank Jenny Schultz, David Bellwood and two anonymous referees, whose comments substantially improved the manuscript. This is contribution no. 1352 from the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and no. 7763 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology. NR 84 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 37 IS 1 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02188.x PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 534GU UT WOS:000272885400013 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Bernbardt, CE AF Stanley, Jean-Daniel Bernbardt, Christopher E. TI Alexandria's Eastern Harbor, Egypt: Pollen, Microscopic Charcoal, and the Transition from Natural to Human-Modified Basin SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alexander the Great; archaeology; Bronze Age; charcoal; climate change; early settlement; Egyptian dynasties; Greeks; Holocene; human activity; lithofacies; Mareotis Lagoon; Nile Delta; pollen; Ptolemies; Romans; stratigraphy; wastewater ID NILE DELTA; LATE QUATERNARY; NORTHWESTERN EGYPT; SAPROPEL FORMATION; HOLOCENE; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; SEDIMENTS; REGION; PLEISTOCENE AB Pollen and microscopic charcoal examined in Holocene sediment core samples record major environmental modifications affecting Alexandria's Eastern Harbor through time. We assess whether such changes on Egypt's coastal margin were influenced primarily by natural, or natural plus human, or primarily human factors. We focus on (1) the times when pollen assemblages and microscopic charcoal content changed in the core, (2) how they changed, and (3) why this occurred. The analysis takes into account the core's stratigraphy, regional climate variability, human history, and local archaeological record. Four pollen-microscopic charcoal zones are identified. The earliest change occurred at ca. 6000 YBP, during Egypt's earlier Predynastic (Neolithic) period, coinciding with a lithologic break from sand to muddy sand. Pollen during this time indicates a transition to a much drier climate rather than effects of human activity. The second change in pollen occurred 3600-2900 YBP, during a period of continued aridity with no lithologic variation in this core interval. Pollen (cereal taxa, agricultural weeds, grape) and a sharp increase in microscopic charcoal indicate that human activity became prevalent at least 700 y before Alexander the Great's arrival in this region, and these results highlight the transition from a largely natural climate-controlled environment to one influenced by both climate and anthropogenic activity. The third shift up-core in pollen assemblages is dated at ca. 2300 YBP, at the boundary between a sand and mud unit. It coincides with construction by the Ptolemies of the Heptastadion between Alexandria and Pharos Island. From this time onward, harbor sediment in the nearly enclosed catchment basin indicates a near-continuous record of dominant proximal human activity. C1 [Stanley, Jean-Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, CUSP, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bernbardt, Christopher E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, CUSP, Paleo Roorn E205, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stanleyd@si.edu FU Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. FX We thank Mr. Franck Goddio, the Institut Europeen d'Archeologie Sous-Marine, and Hilti Foundation for their generous support in collecting the Alexandria harbor core examined in this study. Messrs. T. Sheehan and B. Landacre assisted with processing of samples. Ms. Andrea Kreuzer provided technical assistance with the manuscript. Reviews of the manuscript by Dr. D. Willard and Mr. C. Doolan of the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, were most helpful. Partial funding for the project was awarded to the first author by the Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. NR 92 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 67 EP 79 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00089.1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 549IL UT WOS:000274041300007 ER PT J AU Gallery, RE Moore, DJP Dalling, JW AF Gallery, Rachel E. Moore, David J. P. Dalling, James W. TI Interspecific variation in susceptibility to fungal pathogens in seeds of 10 tree species in the neotropical genus Cecropia SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacteria; Ecuador; fungi; Panama; plant defences; recruitment; seed bank; species coexistence; tannins; tropical forest ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; BANK DYNAMICS; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; SEEDLING RECRUITMENT; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; PIONEER TREES; EXOTIC PLANTS; SOIL; DIVERSITY; DENSITY AB P>1. Species differences in susceptibility to pathogens acting at early life history stages may strongly influence the abundance and distribution of tropical trees. Here, we test the susceptibility of 10 congeners of the pioneer genus Cecropia to fungal seed and seedling pathogens and compare interspecific differences in intrinsic seed defences with survival. 2. Pathogens were experimentally removed through fungicide addition and/or autoclave sterilization of forest soil to determine the relative importance of fungal versus other microbial pathogens. Treatments were applied during a 4-month seed incubation (pre-emergence) phase or during an 8-week germination phase to distinguish between seed and seedling mortality. 3. Overall, seedling emergence after incubation in fungicide-treated, autoclaved soil was twice that in live soil, with significant positive effects of fungicide for six of 10 species. Pathogen infection occurred while seeds were quiescent in soil; fungicide addition during germination had no effect on emergence. Seedling emergence after burial ranged from 6 to 58%, indicating large interspecific variation in the capacity for Cecropia seeds to persist in the seed bank. Neither interspecific variation in survivorship, nor the relative strength of fungicide effects on survivorship was correlated with seed defence traits. 4. For four species, measurements of fungicide effects on emergence were coupled with direct measurements of the fungal and bacterial infection of seeds and seedlings. For two species, fungicide addition resulted in lower fungal infection rates and higher emergence success. However, Cecropia peltata, the species with the highest overall emergence success, also had the highest fungal infection rate. This suggests that either C. peltata was infected by a different suite of fungi than other congeners, or that fungi had low pathogenicity when colonizing this host species. 5. Synthesis. Our study shows strong interspecific variation in seed survival and susceptibility to fungal infection among congeneric tree species with similar life history. These differences are likely to influence recruitment success from the soil seed bank and may play a role in species coexistence. C1 [Gallery, Rachel E.; Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Program Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moore, David J. P.] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Dalling, James W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dalling, James W.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Gallery, RE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. EM rachel.gallery@gmail.com RI Moore, David/A-6268-2013 FU NSF [DEB-0343953]; NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement FX This research was supported by NSF DEB-0343953 to J. W. D and NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant to R. E. G. We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, and the Ministerio del Ambiente, Ecuador, for providing facilities, logistical support and permission to conduct this research. We thank Nancy Lou Conklin-Brittain and Meg Crowfoot, Harvard University, for assistance with tannin extractions and interpretations of results, and Evelyn Sanchez for field assistance. Finally, we wish to thank two anonymous referees for valuable comments. NR 74 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01589.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531IE UT WOS:000272657400016 ER PT J AU Leigh, EG AF Leigh, E. G., Jr. TI The group selection controversy SO JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE common good; cooperation; fair meiosis; green beards; group selection; kin selection; levels of selection; mutualism; Price's theorem; superorganisms ID FISHERS FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM; POLYGENIC BEHAVIORAL TRAIT; SEX-RATIO ADJUSTMENT; HONEY-BEE COLONIES; CORAL-REEF FISH; KIN SELECTION; NATURAL-SELECTION; INCLUSIVE FITNESS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SIMULTANEOUS HERMAPHRODITISM AB Many thought Darwinian natural selection could not explain altruism. This error led Wynne-Edwards to explain sustainable exploitation in animals by selection against overexploiting groups. Williams riposted that selection among groups rarely overrides within-group selection. Hamilton showed that altruism can evolve through kin selection. How strongly does group selection influence evolution? Following Price, Hamilton showed how levels of selection interact: group selection prevails if Hamilton's rule applies. Several showed that group selection drove some major evolutionary transitions. Following Hamilton's lead, Queller extended Hamilton's rule, replacing genealogical relatedness by the regression on an actor's genotypic altruism of interacting neighbours' phenotypic altruism. Price's theorem shows the generality of Hamilton's rule. All instances of group selection can be viewed as increasing inclusive fitness of autosomal genomes. Nonetheless, to grasp fully how cooperation and altruism evolve, most biologists need more concrete concepts like kin selection, group selection and selection among individuals for their common good. C1 [Leigh, E. G., Jr.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Leigh, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, MRC 0580-02,Unit 9100,Box 0948,DPO AA, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM leighe@si.edu NR 160 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 12 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1010-061X J9 J EVOLUTION BIOL JI J. Evol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 6 EP 19 DI 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01876.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 532UC UT WOS:000272774400002 PM 20002254 ER PT J AU Wise, MA Brown, CD AF Wise, Michael A. Brown, Cathleen D. TI Mineral chemistry, petrology and geochemistry of the Sebago granite-pegmatite system, southern Maine, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE granite-pegmatite system; mineral chemistry; petrology; geochemistry; Sebago; southern Maine ID BLACK-HILLS; EVOLUTION; ROCKS; BATHOLITH; MUSCOVITE; DAKOTA; DISCRIMINATION; CLASSIFICATION; LEUKOGRANITE; EQUILIBRIA AB The Permian (293 +/- 2 Ma) Sebago Pluton is a homogeneous, two-mica granite situated in the Oxford pegmatite field, southwestern Maine. Surrounding the pluton is an area designated as the Sebago Migmatite Domain (SMD) dominated by metapelitic migmatites and diatexites with subordinate intrusions of heterogeneous, two-mica and biotite granites, pegmatitic leucogranites and granitic pegmatites. The Sebago Pluton plus the SMD formerly defined the extent of the Sebago Batholith. Most of the granitic pegmatites and bodies of pegmatitic leucogranites occur either within, or barely outside, the margins of the SMD. The pegmatitic leucogranite facies displays units typical of fertile granites (granites that produce granitic pegmatites) and include: megacrystic graphic K-feldspar, sodic aplite and potassic pegmatite pods hosting rare tourmaline, beryl and columbite-tantalite. Over 100 granitic pegmatite bodies (Sebago Pegmatite Group - SPG) intrude the outer portions of the SMD and neighboring granitoids and metasedimentary rocks. The pegmatite population includes mineralogically simple to complexly zoned pegmatites that are characterized by a LCT-type (Li, Cs and Ta) geochemical signature, extensive replacement of primary zones and gem-bearing miarolitic cavities. Sebago granites are strongly peraluminous and show rare-element enrichment typical of evolved fertile granites (K/Rb = 87-257), Rb/Tl = 10.6-71.3, Ba/Rb = 0.18-5.04, Al/Ga = 1419-1749, Zr/Sn = 1.53-43.9). The SPG shows high levels of Be, Nb > Ta, P, Li and B with subordinate enrichment in Rb and Cs. Moderate to high levels of rare-element fractionation are encountered in pegmatitic K-feldspar (K/Rb approximate to 17, K/Cs approximate to 90, Rb/Tl approximate to 75), muscovite (K/Rb approximate to 6.6, K/Cs approximate to 14.8, Rb/Tl approximate to 127), beryl (Na/Li approximate to 1.77, Cs(2)O approximate to 3.15 wt. %), garnet [Mn/(Mn + Fe) approximate to 0.60], manganotantalite and ixiolite/wodginite [Mn/Mn + Fe) approximate to 0.98, Ta/(Ta + Nb) approximate to 0.80-0.93]. Evidence that supports the pegmatitic leucogranites as the likely parent to the SPG includes the close spatial distribution of the pegmatites to the leucogranite bodies, texturally and mineralogically similar units observed within the leucogranite and the neighboring pegmatites plus gradual, yet overlapping, rare-element fractionation from the leucogranites to the associated pegmatites. A few pegmatites (e. g., the Lord Hill pegmatite and amethyst-bearing pegmatites) show NYF tendencies unlike any other pegmatites of the SPG. Differences in fractionation degree, evolution and/or relation to another fertile granite-pegmatite system may be responsible for this apparently anomalous group of pegmatite dikes. C1 [Wise, Michael A.; Brown, Cathleen D.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Wise, MA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM wisem@si.edu FU Maine Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution FX The authors wish to thank P. Uher and an anonymous reviewer for critical review of the manuscript as well as careful editing by M. Novak and V. Janousek. The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of the many miners and landowners who provided numerous specimens for study and unlimited access to pegmatites and granite outcrops. Thanks are also extended to the Maine Geological Survey for their support and to the many assistants who aided the authors in the field. Special thanks are due to Al Falster for his contributions to the Li analysis of micas and beryl. Funding for this project was provided in part from the Smithsonian Institution's Sprague Endowment. NR 65 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU CESKA GEOLOGICKA SPOLECNOST PI PRAHA 1 PA KLAROV 3, PRAHA 1, 118 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1802-6222 J9 J GEOSCI-CZECH JI J Geosci. PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 SI SI BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.3190/jgeosci.061 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 708DK UT WOS:000286341600002 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, SM Erlandson, JM Rick, TC AF Fitzpatrick, Scott M. Erlandson, Jon M. Rick, Torben C. TI Island and Coastal Archaeology: Innovation, Change, and New Directions SO JOURNAL OF ISLAND & COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Fitzpatrick, Scott M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Museum Nat & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Rick, Torben C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Archaeobiol Program, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Fitzpatrick, SM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM scott_fitzpatrick@ncsu.edu; jerland@uoregon.edu; rickt@si.edu OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1556-4894 J9 J ISL COAST ARCHAEOL JI J. Isl. Coast. Archaeol. PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/15564891003655709 PG 2 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA V22KO UT WOS:000208274300001 ER PT J AU McClenachan, L Hardt, M Jackson, J Cooke, R AF McClenachan, Loren Hardt, Marah Jackson, Jeremy Cooke, Richard TI Mounting Evidence for Historical Overfishing and Long-term Degradation of Caribbean Marine Ecosystems: Comment on Julio Baisre's "Setting a Baseline for Caribbean Fisheries" SO JOURNAL OF ISLAND & COASTAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [McClenachan, Loren] Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Jackson, Jeremy; Cooke, Richard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP McClenachan, L (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, B-157, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM loren.mcclenachan@gmail.com NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1556-4894 J9 J ISL COAST ARCHAEOL JI J. Isl. Coast. Archaeol. PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1080/15564891003656178 PG 5 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA V22KO UT WOS:000208274300013 ER PT J AU Sadeghpour, HR AF Sadeghpour, H. R. TI Spin depolarization and spin exchange in cold collisions involving 3He: role of anisotropy SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE spin polarization; spin relaxation; cold collisions; buffer-gas cooling ID MOLECULES AB Mechanisms of spin depolarization, spin relaxation and spin exchange in cold atom-atom, atom-molecule collisions are discussed. The formation of weakly-bound van der Waals molecules in buffer-gas cooled magnetic traps, intermediated by anisotropic hyperfine interaction is considered. C1 [Sadeghpour, H. R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sadeghpour, HR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM hrs@cfa.harvard.edu FU ITAMP at Harvard University; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX This work would not have been possible without the diligence of P. Zhang, T. V. Tscherbul, and the encouragements of A. Dalgarno. N. Brahms, T. Walker, and J. Doyle are acknowledged for their insights in these collaborations. Support came from ITAMP at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2010 VL 57 IS 19 SI SI BP 1858 EP 1862 AR PII 925822979 DI 10.1080/09500340.2010.506584 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 682NO UT WOS:000284410500005 ER PT J AU Guerrieri, E Huigens, ME Estrada, C Woelke, JB de Rijk, M Fatouros, NE Aiello, A Noyes, JS AF Guerrieri, Emilio Huigens, Martinus E. Estrada, Catalina Woelke, Jozef B. de Rijk, Marjolein Fatouros, Nina E. Aiello, Annette Noyes, John S. TI Ooencyrtus marcelloi sp nov (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid of Heliconiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) on passion vines (Malpighiales: Passifloraceae) in Central America SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Passiflora; Ooencyrtus caligo; Ooencyrtus papilionis; Panama ID GENERA AB A new species belonging to the genus Ooencyrtus Ashmead is described. Ooencyrtus marcelloi sp. nov. has been reared from eggs of Heliconiini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae) collected in Panama on Passiflora spp. The new species is compared with its closest Ooencyrtus species, i.e. O. caligo Noyes, O. neustriae Mercet, O. flavipes (Timberlake), O. camerounensis (Risbec), O. endymion Huang and Noyes and Ooencyrtus sp. "undet. C." (from India). This represents the second record of Ooencyrtus from Heliconinae and the first record of this genus from Panama. C1 [Guerrieri, Emilio] Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Plant Protect, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. [Huigens, Martinus E.; Woelke, Jozef B.; de Rijk, Marjolein; Fatouros, Nina E.] Wageningen Univ, Entomol Lab, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. [Estrada, Catalina] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Integrat Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Aiello, Annette] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Guerrieri, Emilio; Noyes, John S.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Guerrieri, E (reprint author), Natl Res Council Italy, Inst Plant Protect, Via Univ 133, I-80055 Portici, NA, Italy. EM guerrieri@ipp.cnr.it OI Fatouros, Nina/0000-0003-0841-3144 FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research/Earth and Life Sciences (NWO/ALW) VENI [86305020]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) short-term fellowship; Section of Integrative Biology of the University of Texas FX All wasp material was collected from February to April 2008 using permit no. SE/AP-3-08 and exported using permit nos. SEX/A-19-08 and SEX/A-32-08. Permits were provided by the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) of Panama which is here deeply thanked by the authors. We are also grateful to Chris Jiggins for supporting the field survey and Yde Jongema for his help in the early stages of wasp identifications. This work was supported financially by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research/Earth and Life Sciences (NWO/ALW) VENI grant 86305020 (M. E. Huigens), the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) short-term fellowship (J.B. Woelke) and the Section of Integrative Biology of the University of Texas travel grant (C. Estrada). NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1080/00222930903362051 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546GY UT WOS:000273800400005 ER PT J AU Flinte, V Windsor, D Sekerka, L de Macedo, MV Monteiro, RF AF Flinte, Vivian Windsor, Donald Sekerka, Lukas Valverde de Macedo, Margarete Ferreira Monteiro, Ricardo TI Plagiometriona emarcida (Boheman, 1855) and Plagiometriona forcipata (Boheman, 1855) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), a single species differing in larval performance and adult phenotype SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Cassidinae; Plagiometriona; synonymy; polymorphism; cytochrome oxidase I ID ELEVATION GRADIENTS; COLOR POLYMORPHISM; LEAF BEETLE; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; MELANISM; INSECTS AB Matings frequently observed between the tortoise beetles Plagiometriona forcipata (Boheman, 1855) and Plagiometriona emarcida (Boheman, 1855), in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, led us to compare the ecology, life history and genetics of these two morphologically distinct species. Host plant censuses revealed P. emarcida was about five times more abundant, while populations of both species responded in parallel to climate. Laboratory-reared immature P. forcipata took 2 days longer to complete development and showed higher mortality rates. No differences were detected in ovipositional behaviour, genitalia morphology or in sex ratio of offspring. The adult offspring of field-caught females of both species contained individuals with both species' elytral patterns. Finally, nearly identical cytochrome oxidase I sequences obtained from individuals of each species suggest that they are a single polymorphic species. Based on these observations and the examination of type material we propose the new synonymy: Plagiometriona forcipata = P. emarcida, syn. nov. C1 [Flinte, Vivian; Valverde de Macedo, Margarete; Ferreira Monteiro, Ricardo] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Depto Ecol IB, Lab Ecol Insetos, BR-68020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Windsor, Donald] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balbao, Ancon, Panama. [Sekerka, Lukas] Univ S Bohemia, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Bohemia, Czech Republic. [Sekerka, Lukas] Univ S Bohemia, Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Entomol, Bohemia, Czech Republic. RP Flinte, V (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Depto Ecol IB, Lab Ecol Insetos, BR-68020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM flinte@biologia.ufrj.br RI Monteiro, Ricardo/J-3974-2012; Hymenoptera, Inct/I-2210-2013 FU Capes; Faperj; Graduation Programme (PPGE) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; CNPq; NSF [0328363]; European Union [SE-TAF-3623] FX We are grateful to L. Borowiec (University of Wroclaw, Poland) for Cassidinae identification. Our thanks are also extended to C. Cronemberger (Research Sector - IBAMA) and IBAMA/PARNASO for research support in the field. Our research authorizations were 214/2005, 246/2006 and 13424-1. V. F. received a scholarship from Capes and Faperj and support from her Graduation Programme (PPGE) at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. R. F. M. acknowledges the support of CNPq through its Scientific Productivity Scholarship. We thank M. Chong for molecular expertise and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute for logistical services. Molecular costs were supported in part by NSF Grant #0328363, J. Werren (University of Rochester, NY, USA). Examination of type material in Naturhistoriska Rijksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden was supported by the Synthesys project SE-TAF-3623 of the European Union. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 EI 1464-5262 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 15-16 BP 891 EP 904 DI 10.1080/00222930903528230 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 577VA UT WOS:000276250900001 ER PT J AU Sadeghian, PS Santos, C AF Sadeghian, Patricia S. Santos, Cynthia TI Two new species of Carcinonemertes (Hoplonemertea: Carcinonemertidae) living in association with leucosiid crabs from California and Tasmania SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Carcinonemertes kurisi; Carcinonemertes tasmanica; Dittosa laevis; Carcinonemertidae; Randallia ornata; egg predator ID NEMERTEAN EGG PREDATORS; N-SP NEMERTEA; DECAPODA; HOST; CRUSTACEA; ABUNDANCE; BRAZIL AB Two new species of Carcinonemertes are described from leucosiid crabs found in the northeast and southwest Pacific Ocean. Carcinonemertes kurisi sp. nov. is associated with Randallia ornata, a crab commonly found from northern California to Baja California, Mexico. Carcinonemertes tasmanica sp. nov. is associated with Dittosa laevis, a crab found on mudflats in Hobart, off Tasmania, Australia. These are the first descriptions of Carcinonemertes recorded from leucosiid hosts. The two new species are compared with each other and other species in the genus Carcinonemertes. Diagnostic features of both species include a short stylet and a unique, corkscrew-shaped sheath. Notes and comparisons on measurements, functional morphology, distribution on host, and behaviour were obtained by examining live worms and preserved specimens. C1 [Sadeghian, Patricia S.] Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Santos, Cynthia] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Sadeghian, PS (reprint author), Santa Barbara Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Santa Barbara, CA USA. EM psadeghian@sbnature2.org NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 37-40 BP 2395 EP 2409 AR PII 927271527 DI 10.1080/00222933.2010.505014 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654KW UT WOS:000282168200010 ER PT J AU Crandall, FB AF Crandall, Frank B. TI A new family of the Hoplonemertea: Cinclidonemertes mooreae fam., gen. et sp. nov. (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea) SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Cratenemertidae; Reptantia; Cinclidonemertes; cerebral organs; rhynchocoel wall; pre-cerebral septum; ocelli AB Recent morphological, cladistic and molecular phylogenetic studies suggest a strong relationship between Cratenemertidae and Reptantia. In contrast to other hoplonemerteans, these groups have complex cerebral organs located behind the pre-cerebral septum possessing both sensory and osac-typeo epithelial components in the canal structure and a robust single-layered rhynchocoel wall composed of interwoven circular and longitudinal muscle fibres. Four specimens collected by the US Antarctic Program, listed in an earlier cladistic study as oAntarctic Co, distinct from other Hoplonemertea and related to Cratenemertidae and Reptantia, are described herein as Cinclidonemertes mooreae fam., gen. et sp. nov. They have complex cerebral organs, with the same two types of canal epithelium, lying against the sides of the brain and extending below and behind it ventrally, a lattice-like rhynchocoel wall with partial interweaving, and four large shallow cup-shaped eyes with little pigment as opposed to the numerous heavily pigmented deep-cup ocelli of Cratenemertidae and Reptantia. C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Crandall, FB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012 MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM crandalf@si.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 37-40 BP 2411 EP 2424 AR PII 927271671 DI 10.1080/00222933.2010.508567 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654KW UT WOS:000282168200011 ER PT J AU de la Uz, S Anadon, N Crandall, FB AF de la Uz, Silvia Anadon, Nuria Crandall, Frank B. TI Redescription of Valdivianemertes valdiviae (Burger, 1909) (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea: Cratenemertidae) and designation of neotype SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Amphiporus valdiviae; Valdivianemertes valdiviae; Cratenemertidae; Antarctic; Bellingshausen Sea ID SYSTEMATICS; ANTARCTICA; ENOPLA; GENUS AB A century ago Burger described the species Drepanophorus valdiviae from a single specimen taken from 155m off the southern tip of Africa by the research vessel Valdivia during the German Deep Sea Expedition. Stiasny-Wijnhoff in 1923 transferred this species along with Amphiporus stannii (sensu Burger 1895) to a new genus Valdivianemertes but did not mention a family affiliation. In 1993 Crandall transferred this genus to the family Cratenemertidae. During the Spanish Antarctic Expedition BENTART 2003, carried out on board the RV Hesperides, we found one specimen identified with certainty as Valdivianemertes valdiviae, at 602m depth in the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica). As there is no extant holotype, we here redescribe this species from this new specimen and designate it the neotype of this species; photomicrographs of the different regions of the body and the proboscis structure are provided for the first time. C1 [de la Uz, Silvia] Ctr Expt Pesquera Castropol, Asturias, Spain. [Anadon, Nuria] Univ Oviedo, Dept Biol Organismos & Sistemas Zool, Oviedo, Spain. [Crandall, Frank B.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nanadon@uniovi.es; crandalf@si.edu OI Anadon-Alvarez, Maria Nuria/0000-0002-9928-0115 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PY 2010 VL 44 IS 37-40 BP 2425 EP 2451 AR PII 927271823 DI 10.1080/00222933.2010.510251 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654KW UT WOS:000282168200012 ER PT J AU Balunas, MJ Linington, RG Tidgewell, K Fenner, AM Urena, LD Della Togna, G Kyle, DE Gerwick, WH AF Balunas, Marcy J. Linington, Roger G. Tidgewell, Kevin Fenner, Amanda M. Urena, Luis-David Della Togna, Gina Kyle, Dennis E. Gerwick, William H. TI Dragonamide E, a Modified Linear Lipopeptide from Lyngbya majuscula with Antileishmanial Activity SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID DRUG DISCOVERY; BARBAMIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; STRATEGIES; PEPTIDES AB Tropical parasitic and infectious diseases, such as leislimaniasis, pose enormous global health threats, but are largely neglected in commercial drug discovery programs. However, the Panama International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) has been working to identify novel treatments for malaria, Chagas' disease, and leishmaniasis through an investigation of plants and microorganisms from Panama. We have pursued activity-guided isolation from an extract of Lyngbya majuscula that was found to be active against leishmaniasis. A new modified linear peptide from the dragonamide series was isolated, dragonamide E (1). along with two known modified linear peptides, dragonamide A (2) and herbamide B (3). Dragonamides A and E and herbamide B exhibited antileishmanial activity with IC(50) values of 6.5, 5.1, and 5.9 mu M, respectively. Spectroscopic and stercochemical data for dragonamide E (1) and herbamide B (3; the spectroscopic and stereochemical data for this Substance is incomplete in the literature) are presented as well as comparisons of biological activity within the dragonamide compound family. Biosynthetic differences among marine compounds with a terminal free amide are also discussed. C1 [Balunas, Marcy J.; Linington, Roger G.; Tidgewell, Kevin; Gerwick, William H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Balunas, Marcy J.; Linington, Roger G.; Tidgewell, Kevin; Gerwick, William H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Skaggs Sch Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Balunas, Marcy J.; Linington, Roger G.; Fenner, Amanda M.; Urena, Luis-David; Della Togna, Gina; Kyle, Dennis E.] Inst Invest Cient, Clayton, Panama. [Balunas, Marcy J.; Linington, Roger G.; Fenner, Amanda M.; Urena, Luis-David; Della Togna, Gina; Kyle, Dennis E.] Serv Alta Tecnol, Clayton, Panama. [Balunas, Marcy J.; Linington, Roger G.; Fenner, Amanda M.; Gerwick, William H.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ancon, Panama. [Kyle, Dennis E.] Univ S Florida, Dept Global Hlth, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA. RP Gerwick, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wgerwick@ucsd.edu OI Linington, Roger/0000-0003-1818-4971; Tidgewell , Kevin/0000-0002-0501-2604 FU Fogarty International Center (FIC) International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) [ICBG U01 TW006634]; FIC International Research Scientist Development Award (IRSDA) [K01 TW008002]; NIH [T32 CA009523] FX This research was funded by a Fogarty International Center (FIC) International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) grant based in Panama (ICBG U01 TW006634) and by an FIC International Research Scientist Development Award (IRSDA) (K01 TW008002, P.I. M.J.B.). T. L. Suyama provided assistance with the degradation of barbamide and chiral analysis, and J. K. Nunnery assisted with collection of some physical data. We are grateful to Panama's Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM) for providing access to biological samples in Panama. K.T. thanks the Growth Regulation & Oncogenesis Training Program for a postdoctoral fellowship (NIH T32 CA009523). NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1021/np900622m PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 544JY UT WOS:000273654000013 PM 20030365 ER PT J AU Bell, JA AF Bell, Joshua A. TI Sugar Plant Hunting by Airplane in New Guinea SO JOURNAL OF PACIFIC HISTORY LA English DT Article ID EXPLORATION; STORIES AB Drawing on Chris Pinney's suggestion that images 'narrate a different story, one told, in part, in their own terms', I examine the 1929 silent 35-mm film Sugar Cane Hunting in New Guinea. Emerging out of a particular moment in the colonial history of the Territories of Papua and New Guinea, the film and the United States Department of Agriculture Sugar Expedition from which it arose, provide important but largely overlooked glimpses into the workings of colonial science, racial imaginaries and exploration. Examining this film helps restore it to the larger discussion of such events of the 1920s, but more importantly enables a discussion of the narratives constructed and elided by this artefact. Doing so complicates the Expedition's account and repositions the film as an important vehicle for recovering silences in the histories of colonial science, practice and encounter in New Guinea. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20018 USA. RP Bell, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Dept Anthropol, NHB 112,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20018 USA. EM bellja@si.edu NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3344 J9 J PAC HIST JI J. Pac. Hist. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 37 EP 56 AR PII 922761154 DI 10.1080/00223344.2010.484166 PG 20 WC History SC History GA 606XC UT WOS:000278461200003 ER PT J AU Zachos, LG Levin, D AF Zachos, Louis G. Levin, Daniel TI REDISCOVERY OF FIGURED PALEOGENE ECHINOID SPECIMENS FROM CLARK AND MARTIN (1901) SO JOURNAL OF PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zachos, Louis G.; Levin, Daniel] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol MRC 121, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Zachos, LG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol MRC 121, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM lg_zachos@alumni.utexas.net; levind@si.edu OI Zachos, Louis/0000-0001-7246-5008 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALEONTOLOGICAL SOC INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3360 J9 J PALEONTOL JI J. Paleontol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 84 IS 1 BP 148 EP 148 DI 10.1666/09-094.1 PG 1 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 545QY UT WOS:000273752700013 ER PT J AU Wester, S Zotz, G AF Wester, Stefan Zotz, Gerhard TI Growth and survival of Tillandsia flexuosa on electrical cables in Panama SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bromeliaceae; mortality; nutrient limitation; Orchidaceae; RGR; vascular epiphytes ID HUMID MONTANE FOREST; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WERAUHIA-SANGUINOLENTA; EPIPHYTIC BROMELIADS; VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; ECOLOGY C1 [Wester, Stefan; Zotz, Gerhard] Carl VonOssietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zotz, Gerhard] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Wester, S (reprint author), Carl VonOssietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM stefan.wester@uni-oldenburg.de NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.1017/S0266467409990459 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537YB UT WOS:000273149300013 ER PT J AU Hastings, AK Bloch, JI Cadena, EA Jaramillo, CA AF Hastings, Alexander K. Bloch, Jonathan I. Cadena, Edwin A. Jaramillo, Carlos A. TI A NEW SMALL SHORT-SNOUTED DYROSAURID (CROCODYLOMORPHA, MESOEUCROCODYLIA) FROM THE PALEOCENE OF NORTHEASTERN COLOMBIA SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN COLOMBIA; CERREJON FORMATION; CROCODYLIFORMES; MOROCCO; AFRICA; VERTEBRATES; ARCHOSAURIA; ASSEMBLAGE; REVISION; SKELETON AB The fossil record of dyrosaurid crocodyliforms spans the Late Cretaceous to Middle Eocene of Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Prior to this study, specimens from South America have been limited to a few fossils with only two taxa diagnosed. We describe a nearly complete skull and unassociated mandible of a new dyrosaurid, Cerrejonisuchus improcerus gen. et sp. nov., from the Paleocene Cerrejon Formation of northeastern Colombia. The skull of C. improcerus has relatively elongate supratemporal fenestrae and well-developed occipital tuberosities, both diagnostic characteristics of Dyrosauridae. The rostrum of adult C. improcerus comprises 54-59% of the length of the skull, making it the shortest snout of any known dyrosaurid. A cladistic analysis using 82 cranial and mandibular characters for all species of Dyrosauridae known from crania yielded two most-parsimonious cladograms with C. improcerus as the sister taxon to a clade including Arambourgisuchus, Dyrosaurus, Hyposaurus, Congosaurus, Rhabdognathus, Atlantosuchus, and Guarinisuchus. Only Chenanisuchus, Sokotosuchus, and Phosphatosaurus, all known only from Africa, are more primitive within Dyrosauridae. Chenanisuchus from the Paleocene of Morocco, the only other known short-snouted dyrosaurid, is not closely related to C. improcerus and a short-snouted condition appears to have evolved independently at least twice within Dyrosauridae. Our analysis supports an African origin of Dyrosauridae with dispersals to the New World by the Late Cretaceous or earliest Paleocene. The presence of C. improcerus, together with undescribed taxa from the Cerrejon Formation, suggests a radiation of dyrosaurid crocodyliforms, possibly following the K-P boundary, in tropical South America. C1 [Hastings, Alexander K.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Cadena, Edwin A.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Jaramillo, Carlos A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Hastings, AK (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM akh@ufl.edu; jbloch@flmnh.ufl.edu; ecadena@ufl.edu; jaramilloc@si.edu OI Bloch, Jonathan/0000-0003-1484-6931 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0733725, DSGC 640179]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Paleobiology Fund; Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research; Jerry Britt Jr. Paleobiology Award (Florida Museum of Natural History); Cerrejon Coal mine FX Funding for field work was made possible by the National Science Foundation grants DEB-0733725 and DSGC 640179, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Paleobiology Fund, the Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant, the R. Jerry Britt Jr. Paleobiology Award (Florida Museum of Natural History), and the Cerrejon Coal mine. Many thanks to L. Teicher, F. Chavez, G. Hernandez, C. Montes, and the rest of the crew at the Cerrejon coal mine for permission to study the material, access to the site, and housing during field work. Thanks to A. Rincon, F. Herrera, and M. Carvalho for field collecting. Thanks to J. Nestler for her tireless efforts of research assistance, literature translation, and photograph production. Thanks also to the efforts of K. and N. Hastings for their assistance in literature translation. In addition, thanks go to J. Nestler and J. Bourque for their revision comments of the manuscript. Further thanks to C. Brochu for informative conversations. Thanks to P. Lanzarone who produced initial sketches of the specimens. Thanks also to the two reviewers of the manuscript for their thorough and helpful revisionary comments. Continued thanks to W. Joyce and S. Chester for access to and assistance with the collections at YPM and to C. Mehling and J. Conrad for access to and assistance with the collections at the AMNH. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 139 EP 162 DI 10.1080/02724630903409204 PG 24 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 600PW UT WOS:000278000400010 ER PT J AU Cadena, EA Bloch, JI Jaramillo, CA AF Cadena, Edwin A. Bloch, Jonathan I. Jaramillo, Carlos A. TI New Podocnemidid Turtle (Testudines: Pleurodira) from the Middle-Upper Paleocene of South America SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIDE-NECKED TURTLE; NORTHEASTERN COLOMBIA; SOLIMOES FORMATION; CERREJON FORMATION; MIOCENE; BRAZIL; ARARIPEMYDIDAE; PHYLOGENY AB A new pleurodiran turtle, Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki, from the middle to upper Paleocene, Cerrejon Formation of Colombia, is described on the basis of a complete skull, lower jaw, partial carapace and plastron, two cervical vertebrae, a right coracoid, and both pelvic girdles. Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki shares a suite of diagnostic characteristics with Podocnemididae, including a fully developed, medially extensive cavum pterygoidei that is almost completely covered by the prolonged posterolateral flanges of the pterygoid, a posterior elongation of the secondary roofing of the skull composed of the parietal and the quadratojugal covering two-thirds or more of the cavum tympani, a dentary covered laterally by the surangular, and no contact between the exoccipital and quadrate. Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki is unique among podocnemidids in having ridges on the ventral margin of the dentary, dentaries that form an acute angle at the fused symphysis, and a relatively thick (up to 35 mm) carapace and plastron. Results from a cladistic analysis of panpodocnemidids indicate that C. wayuunaiki is the sister taxon of the genus Podocnemis, which ranges from the Miocene to Recent, implying that stem of Podocnemis spp. were inhabiting tropical South America early in the Paleogene. C1 [Cadena, Edwin A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Cadena, Edwin A.; Jaramillo, Carlos A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Paleoecol & Archeol, Balboa 084303092, Ancona AA, Panama. RP Cadena, EA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dickinson Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ecadena@ufl.edu; jbloch@flmnh.ufl.edu; JaramilloC@si.edu OI Bloch, Jonathan/0000-0003-1484-6931 FU Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment Fund; Florida Museum of Natural History; National Science Foundation DEB-0733725; Fondo para la Investigacion de Ciencia y Tecnologia Banco de la Republica de Colombia; Unrestricted Endowments Smithsonian Institution Grants; Carbones del Cerrejon LLC FX Funding for this project came from the Smithsonian Paleobiology Endowment Fund, the Florida Museum of Natural History, the National Science Foundation grant DEB-0733725, the Florida Museum of Natural History Miss Lucy Dickinson Fellowship, the Fondo para la Investigacion de Ciencia y Tecnologia Banco de la Republica de Colombia, the Unrestricted Endowments Smithsonian Institution Grants, and Carbones del Cerrejon LLC. Thanks go to C. Montes and the Cerrejon geology team for help with logistical support during fieldwork. For access to collections, we thank J. Arenas (Ingeominas, Bogota, Colombia); Dr. F. de Lapparent de Broin (Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, France); Dr. O. Castano and Dr. J. Lynch (Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia); Dr. E. Gaffney and C. Mehling (Fossil Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds Collections, Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, U. S. A.). For comments and improvement to the manuscript, we thank J. Bourque, editor S. Modesto, and reviewers W. Joyce and G. Oliveira. Special thanks go to F. Herrera, A. Hastings, A. Rincon, S. Moron, L. Meza, I. Gutierrez, G. Bayona, C. Sanchez, T. Gaona, S. Wing, D. Dilcher, and all other paleontologists and geologists working in the Cerrejon project at the Colombian Petroleum Institute, including H. Garcia who discovered the first vertebrate fossils from the mine in 1994, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and the Florida Museum of Natural History. Thanks to R. Rueda and M. Gonzalez for their continued support and source of inspiration. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 367 EP 382 AR PII 920290417 DI 10.1080/02724631003621946 PG 16 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 600PX UT WOS:000278000500006 ER PT J AU Sues, HD Hopson, JA AF Sues, Hans-Dieter Hopson, James A. TI Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Boreogomphodon jeffersoni (Cynodontia: Gomphodontia) from the Upper Triassic of Virginia SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SANTA-MARIA FORMATION; TRAVERSODONTID CYNODONT; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; CHANARES FORMATION; NORTH-CAROLINA; MADAGASCAR; EUCYNODONTIA; SYNAPSIDA; FAUNA; SUL AB We present a detailed account on the skeletal structure of the traversodont cynodont Boreogomphodon jeffersoni on the basis of a considerable quantity of excellently preserved craniodental remains and several referred postcranial bones from the Tomahawk Creek Member of the Vinita Formation (Upper Triassic: Carnian) of the Richmond basin (Newark Supergroup) in eastern Virginia. The small size, proportionately short snout and mandible, low number of molariform postcanine teeth, and presence of up to three sectorial postcanines all indicate that most of the specimens recovered to date represent immature individuals. The superbly preserved dental material permits detailed inferences regarding tooth replacement and dental function during ontogeny. Boreogomphodon differs from other known traversodont cynodonts primarily in the possession of lower molariform postcanine teeth with three rather than two anterior cusps in all but the smallest specimens, zygomatic arches that are bowed laterally at about mid-length, and pronounced, irregular sculpturing on the dorsal surface of the snout. Plesiomorphic features of traversodont cynodonts retained by Boreogomphodon include the position of the paracanine fossa anterolingual to the upper canine as well as the presence of a distinct central cusp and a posterior cingulum on the upper molariform postcanines. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the existence of a clade comprising Boreogomphodon plus two other taxa (Arctotraversodon and Nanogomphodon) in the Northern Hemisphere that is the sister group to most other known Middle and Late Triassic traversodonts from Gondwana. C1 [Sues, Hans-Dieter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hopson, James A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Organismal Biol & Anat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Sues, HD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, MRC 121,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM suesh@si.edu; jhopson@uchicago.edu FU National Geographic Society [3592-88, 4232-89]; National Science Foundation [NSF EAR-9016677, NSF EAR-9814475]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Charles Doolittle and Mary Vaux Walcott Fund FX H.-D.S. gratefully acknowledges Peter A. Kroehler (National Museum of Natural History), Paul E. Olsen and Annika K. Johansson (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University), Kenneth A. Pitt (Manassas, Virginia), ShayMaria Silvestri (New Jersey State Office, NRCS/USDA), and especially Elizabeth B. Sues for their expert help and cheerful companionship in the field even under inclement conditions. He and Olsen are indebted to the Hon. Vivian Watts, former Secretary of Transportation for the Commonwealth of Virginia, and to Jack Adams for permission to work on their respective properties. William W. Amaral (Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University) and Diane Scott (University of Toronto at Mississauga) prepared several specimens with customary skill. Ann L. M. Davis (formerly Royal Ontario Museum) and Peter A. Kroehler and Fred V. Grady (National Museum of Natural History) assisted with processing for small vertebrate remains. We thank the curators and collection managers of numerous museums for access to and loans of comparative cynodont material. Diane Scott prepared the drawings for Figs. 2, 3, 5, and 11 and Mary A. Parrish (National Museum of Natural History) created the carbon-dust illustrations for Figs. 4 and 6. Scott Whittaker (National Museum of Natural History) and Dee Breger (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University) assisted with SEM photography. Christian A. Sidor (University of Washington) and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge financial support for fieldwork and laboratory research through grants from the National Geographic Society (grants 3592-88 and 4232-89 to H.-D.S. and P. E. Olsen), National Science Foundation (NSF EAR-9016677 to H.-D.S. and P. E. Olsen and NSF EAR-9814475 to P. E. Olsen and H.-D.S.), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (to H.-D.S.), and the Charles Doolittle and Mary Vaux Walcott Fund (to H.-D.S.). NR 64 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY PI NORTHBROOK PA 60 REVERE DR, STE 500, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062 USA SN 0272-4634 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 1202 EP 1220 AR PII 924300094 DI 10.1080/02724634.2010.483545 PG 19 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 624SQ UT WOS:000279841500017 ER PT J AU Reisz, RR Evans, DC Sues, HD Scott, D AF Reisz, Robert R. Evans, David C. Sues, Hans-Dieter Scott, Diane TI Embryonic skeletal anatomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Massospondylus from the Lower Jurassic of South Africa SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROSAUROPOD DINOSAUR; CHINA; ELLIOT; SKULL; EGGS; EVOLUTION; LIZARD; YUNNAN; YOUNG AB Two embryonic skeletons preserved inside thin-shelled eggs of a partially preserved clutch from the Upper Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of South Africa have been attributed to the sauropodomorph dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus. A virtually complete skeleton is exposed in right lateral view, with the slightly telescoped skull and several cervical vertebrae extending beyond the eggshell. A second, partial skeleton has a skull preserved in dorsal view. The embryos have proportionately very large skulls, with the broad skull table formed by wide parietals and frontals. The wide posterolateral wing of the frontal separates the postorbital from contact with the parietal. The embryos have short rather than elongated cervical vertebrae, with tall rather than low neural arches. The large forelimbs are only slightly shorter than the hind limbs, which suggests an obligatory quadrupedal posture for the hatchlings. This pattern may represent an ontogenetic constraint related to the large size of the head and horizontally oriented neck. Similarities between the embryonic and post-hatchling specimens include the slenderness of the lower jaw and slight ventral curvature of the symphyseal portion of the dentary, the large supraorbital process of the prefrontal, and the tall antorbital and infratemporal fenestrae. There are 10 cervical, 14 dorsal, and three sacral vertebrae. The large distal claw-bearing phalanx of manual digit 1 is longer than any other phalangeal element of either manus or pes. The embryos of Massospondylus carinatus represent the oldest dinosaurian embryos known to date. C1 [Reisz, Robert R.; Scott, Diane] Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. [Evans, David C.] Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada. [Sues, Hans-Dieter] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Reisz, RR (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Biol, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada. EM robert.reisz@utoronto.ca; davide@rom.on.ca; suesh@si.edu FU National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Geographic Society; PAST (South Africa) FX We would like to thank Professor Bruce Rubidge, Director of the Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research at University of the Witwatersrand, and Drs. Michael Raath and Adam Yates for their great assistance in this project. They have been generous with their time, helping us with the loan of specimens, the logistics of mounting field expeditions in South Africa, and their continued support over the years to the senior author. We also thank the staff of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, in particular Mr. Johann Taljard, for their enthusiastic support of our work in that park. Funding for this research has come from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Geographic Society, and PAST (South Africa). NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 1653 EP 1665 AR PII 929711731 DI 10.1080/02724634.2010.521604 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA 682PT UT WOS:000284416200001 ER PT B AU Wilson, SA Moore, JM Howard, AD Wilhelms, DE AF Wilson, Sharon A. Moore, Jeffrey M. Howard, Alan D. Wilhelms, Don E. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI Evidence for ancient lakes in the Hellas region SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOBATE DEBRIS APRONS; MARS ORBITER CAMERA; VALLEY FORMATION; MARGARITIFER SINUS; VOLCANIC GEOLOGY; MARTIAN VOLCANOS; SUMMIT SNOWPACK; THERMAL INERTIA; EVOLUTION; BASIN C1 [Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Howard, Alan D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Wilhelms, Don E.] US Geol Survey, Branch Astrogeol, Reston, VA 22092 USA. RP Wilson, SA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. OI Howard, Alan/0000-0002-5423-1600 NR 89 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3; 978-0-444-52854-4 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 222 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00007-6 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100009 ER PT J AU Parker, TJ Grant, JA Franklin, BJ AF Parker, Timothy J. Grant, John A. Franklin, Brenda J. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI The northern plains: A Martian oceanic basin? SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COASTAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS; ANCIENT OCEANS; MARS; MISSION; TESTS; WATER C1 [Parker, Timothy J.; Franklin, Brenda J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Grant, John A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Parker, TJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3 PY 2010 BP 249 EP 273 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00009-X PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100011 ER PT B AU Grant, JA Irwin, RP Wilson, SA AF Grant, John A. Irwin, Rossman P., III Wilson, Sharon A. BE Cabrol, NA Grin, EA TI Aqueous depositional settings in Holden crater, Mars SO LAKES ON MARS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARGARITIFER SINUS; IMPACT CRATER; EVOLUTION; CHANNELS; WATER; SCALE; BASIN C1 [Grant, John A.; Irwin, Rossman P., III; Wilson, Sharon A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Grant, JA (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-093162-3; 978-0-444-52854-4 PY 2010 BP 323 EP 346 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-52854-4.00012-X PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Biology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Geology GA BEM52 UT WOS:000317360100014 ER PT B AU Hunter, L Metevier, AJ Seagroves, S Kluger-Bell, B Porter, J Raschke, L Jonsson, P Shaw, J Quan, TK Montgomery, R AF Hunter, Lisa Metevier, Anne J. Seagroves, Scott Kluger-Bell, Barry Porter, Jason Raschke, Lynne Jonsson, Patrik Shaw, Jerome Quan, Tiffani K. Montgomery, Ryan BE Hunter, L Metevier, AJ TI Cultivating Scientist- and Engineer-Educators 2010: The Evolving Professional Development Program SO LEARNING FROM INQUIRY IN PRACTICE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Learning from Inquiry in Practice CY JAN 16-17, 2010 CL Santa Cruz, CA ID STANDARDS AB The Professional Development Program (PDP) is at the heart of the education programs of the Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators. The PDP was originally developed by the Center for Adaptive Optics, and since has been instrumental in developing and advancing a growing community of scientist- and engineer-educators. Participants come to the PDP early in their careers-most as graduate students-and they emerge as leaders who integrate research and education in their professional practice. The PDP engages participants in the innovative teaching and learning strategies of inquiry. Participants put new knowledge into action by designing inquiry activities and teaching their activities in undergraduate science and engineering laboratory settings. In addition to inquiry, members of the PDP community value and intentionally draw from diversity and equity studies and strategies, assessment strategies, education research, knowledge about effective education practices, and interdisciplinary dialogue. This paper describes the PDP, including goals, rationale, format, workshop sessions, outcomes from ten years, and future directions. C1 [Hunter, Lisa; Metevier, Anne J.; Seagroves, Scott; Kluger-Bell, Barry; Quan, Tiffani K.; Montgomery, Ryan] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Scientist & Engineer Educators, Ctr Adapt Opt, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hunter, Lisa; Metevier, Anne J.; Seagroves, Scott; Montgomery, Ryan] Univ Hawaii Inst Astron, Adv Technol Res Ctr, Akamai Workforce Initiat, Pukalani, HI 96768 USA. [Hunter, Lisa] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Porter, Jason] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Raschke, Lynne] Coll St Scholast, Sch Sci, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Jonsson, Patrik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Comp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shaw, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Educ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Quan, Tiffani K.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hunter, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Scientist & Engineer Educators, Ctr Adapt Opt, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center program through the Center for Adaptive Optics; University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC) [9876783]; NSF [0816754]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [0710699]; UCSC Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators; University of Hawaii FX We thank ClaireMax, Director of the Center for Adaptive Optics, for her support of the Professional Development Program. We thank Beth Reed and Lani LeBron for their tireless, behind-the-scenes staff support of the PDPs workshops, teaching venues, and other activities. We thank Doris Ash and Candice Brown for their previous work on the PDP. This material is based upon work supported by: the National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center program through the Center for Adaptive Optics, managed by the University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC) under cooperative agreement AST#9876783; NSF AST#0836053; NSF ST#0850532; NSF AST#0710699; NSF DUE#0816754; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (via NSF AST#0710699); UCSC Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators; University of Hawaii. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funders. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-752-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 436 BP 3 EP + PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BUW98 UT WOS:000290548100001 ER PT B AU Hunter, L Seagroves, S Metevier, AJ Kluger-Bell, B Raschke, L Jonsson, P Porter, J Brown, C Roybal, G Shaw, J AF Hunter, Lisa Seagroves, Scott Metevier, Anne J. Kluger-Bell, Barry Raschke, Lynne Jonsson, Patrik Porter, Jason Brown, Candice Roybal, Gabriel Shaw, Jerome BE Hunter, L Metevier, AJ TI Diversity and Equity in the Lab: Preparing Scientists and Engineers for Inclusive Teaching in Courses and Research Environments SO LEARNING FROM INQUIRY IN PRACTICE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Learning from Inquiry in Practice CY JAN 16-17, 2010 CL Santa Cruz, CA ID OF-THE-LITERATURE; STEREOTYPE THREAT; TEST-PERFORMANCE; SCIENCE; IDENTITY; STUDENTS; ATTITUDES; LITERACY; TEACHERS; WOMEN AB Despite high attrition rates in college-level science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses, with even higher rates for women and underrepresented minorities, not enough attention has been given to higher education STEM classroom practices that may limit the retention of students from diverse backgrounds. The Professional Development Program (PDP) has developed a range of professional development activities aimed at helping participants learn about diversity and equity issues, integrate inclusive teaching strategies into their own instructional units, and reflect on their own teaching practices. In the PDP, all participants develop and teach a STEM laboratory activity that enables their students to practice scientific inquiry processes as they gain an understanding of scientific concepts. In addition, they are asked to consider diversity and equity issues in their activity design and teaching. The PDP supports participants in this challenging endeavor by engaging them in activities that are aligned with a PDP-defined Diversity & Equity Focus Area that includes five emphases: I) Multiple ways to learn, communicate and succeed; 2) Learners' goals, interests, motivation, and values; 3) Beliefs and perceptions about ability to achieve; 4) Inclusive collaboration and equitable participation; 5) Social identification within STEM culture. We describe the PDP Diversity & Equity focus, the five emphases, and the supporting activities that have been designed and implemented within the PDP, as well as future directions for our diversity and equity efforts. C1 [Hunter, Lisa; Seagroves, Scott; Metevier, Anne J.; Kluger-Bell, Barry; Roybal, Gabriel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Inst Scientist & Engineer Educators, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hunter, Lisa; Seagroves, Scott; Metevier, Anne J.] Univ Hawaii Inst Astron, Adv Technol Res Ctr, Akamai Workforce Initiat, Pukalani, HI 96768 USA. [Hunter, Lisa] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Raschke, Lynne] Coll St Scholast, Sch Sci, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. [Jonsson, Patrik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Porter, Jason] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Roybal, Gabriel] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Shaw, Jerome] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Educ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hunter, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Inst Scientist & Engineer Educators, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Duello, Theresa/P-5752-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center program through the Center for Adaptive Optics; University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC) [9876783]; NSF [0836053, 0850532, 0710699, 0816754]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [0710699]; UCSC Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators; University of Hawai'i FX This material is based upon work supported by: the National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center program through the Center for Adaptive Optics, managed by the University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC) under cooperative agreement AST#9876783; NSF AST#0836053; NSF AST#0850532; NSF AST#0710699; NSF DUE#0816754; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (via NSF AST#0710699); UCSC Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators; University of Hawaii. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or ecommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funders. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-752-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 436 BP 50 EP + PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BUW98 UT WOS:000290548100002 ER PT B AU Morzinski, K Azucena, O Downs, C Favaloro, T Park, J U, V AF Morzinski, Katie Azucena, Oscar Downs, Cooper Favaloro, Tela Park, Jung U, Vivian BE Hunter, L Metevier, AJ TI Circuit Design: An Inquiry Lab Activity at Maui Community College SO LEARNING FROM INQUIRY IN PRACTICE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Learning from Inquiry in Practice CY JAN 16-17, 2010 CL Santa Cruz, CA AB We present an inquiry lab activity on Circuit Design that was conducted in Fall 2009 with first-year community college students majoring in Electrical Engineering Technology. This inquiry emphasized the use of engineering process skills, including circuit assembly and problem solving, while learning technical content. Content goals of the inquiry emphasized understanding voltage dividers (Kirchoff's voltage law) and analysis and optimization of resistive networks (Thevenin equivalence). We assumed prior exposure to series and parallel circuits and Ohm's law (the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance) and designed the inquiry to develop these skills. The inquiry utilized selection of engineering challenges on a specific circuit (the Wheatstone Bridge) to realize these learning goals. Students generated questions and observations during the starters, which were categorized into four engineering challenges or design goals. The students formed teams and chose one challenge to focus on during the inquiry. We created a rubric for summative assessment which helped to clarify and solidify project goals while designing the inquiry and aided in formative assessment during the activity. After describing implementation, we compare and contrast engineering-oriented inquiry design as opposed to activities geared toward science learning. C1 [Morzinski, Katie; Azucena, Oscar] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Morzinski, Katie] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Azucena, Oscar; Favaloro, Tela] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Elect Engn, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Downs, Cooper; U, Vivian] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Park, Jung] Univ Hawaii, Elect & Comp Engn Technol, Honolulu, HI 96732 USA. [U, Vivian] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Morzinski, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. OI Morzinski, Katie/0000-0002-1384-0063 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center program through the Center for Adaptive Optics; University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC) [9876783]; NSF [0836053, 0850532, 0710699]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research-NSF [0710699]; UCSC Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators; and the University of Hawaii. FX Design team member Vivian U was not able to travel to Maui to teach the lab, but she helped as much as the other team members (Figure 5) in designing the inquiry. Lisa Hunter was an observer and design-team consultant while atMCC, while Patrik Jonsson was a consultant at the PDP workshop. UH-Maui professors Mark Hoffman (the classroom teacher hosting this inquiry) and Elisabeth Reader provided advice and assistance. This material is based upon work supported by: the National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center program through the Center for Adaptive Optics, managed by the University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC) under cooperative agreement AST#9876783; NSF AST#0836053; NSF AST#0850532; NSF AST#0710699; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (via NSF AST#0710699); UCSC Institute for Scientist & Engineer Educators; and the University of Hawaii. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-752-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 436 BP 295 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BUW98 UT WOS:000290548100025 ER PT B AU Seagroves, S Metevier, AJ Hunter, L Porter, J Brown, C Jonsson, P Kluger-Bell, B Raschke, L AF Seagroves, Scott Metevier, Anne J. Hunter, Lisa Porter, Jason Brown, Candice Jonsson, Patrik Kluger-Bell, Barry Raschke, Lynne BE Hunter, L Metevier, AJ TI Designers' Perspectives on Effective Professional Development for Scientist- and Engineer-Educators SO LEARNING FROM INQUIRY IN PRACTICE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Learning from Inquiry in Practice CY JAN 16-17, 2010 CL Santa Cruz, CA AB While preparing a formal description of the CfAO's Professional Development Program (PDP), some of the PDP's designers and instructors described its core values and unique aspects, for internal reference. However, these ideas are worth sharing, as they represent the insiders' perspectives on what makes the PDP successful. No single attribute described is completely unique to the PDP, but taken together these values and aspects combine and inter-relate to strengthen and distinguish the program. These attributes include: (1) the PDP's main participants, who are practicing scientists and engineers rather than pre-service teachers; (2) the importance of community among these participants; (3) the interdisciplinarity of the participants and the interdisciplinary nature of science/engineering education itself; (4) respect for education research and best practices; (5) a focus on diversity and equity in science/engineering education; (6) the university-level science/engineering lab (as opposed to the lecture) as a venue for innovation; (7) a focus on inquiry as an exemplar of effective science/engineering education; (8) an emphasis on being intentional with one's choices as an educator; (9) a cycle of experience-reflection-innovation-reflection; and (10) the agility of the PDP program and staff to nimbly try new ideas and/or respond to participants' needs. The authors believe that the PDP's unique combination of these values and aspects leads to such successes as high return-participation and over-subscription rates, and contributes to the program's success overall. C1 [Seagroves, Scott; Metevier, Anne J.; Hunter, Lisa] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Scientist & Engineer Educators, Ctr Adapt Opt, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Seagroves, Scott; Metevier, Anne J.; Hunter, Lisa] Univ Hawaii, Astron Inst, Adv Technol Res Ctr, Akamai Workforce Initiat, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hunter, Lisa] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Adapt Opt, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Porter, Jason] Univ Houston, Coll Optometry, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Jonsson, Patrik] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Raschke, Lynne] Coll St Scholastica, Sch Sci, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. RP Seagroves, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Scientist & Engineer Educators, Ctr Adapt Opt, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-752-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 436 BP 535 EP + PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BUW98 UT WOS:000290548100042 ER PT B AU Accomazzi, A AF Accomazzi, Alberto BE Isaksson, E Lagerstrom, J Holl, A Bawdekar, N TI Astronomy 3.0 Style SO LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES IN ASTRONOMY VI: 21ST CENTURY ASTRONOMY LIBRARIANSHIP, FROM NEW IDEAS TO ACTION SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Library and Information Services in Astronomy CY FEB 14-17, 2010 CL Pune, INDIA SP Allied Publishers, Informatics Ltd, Monitor Informat Serv, Springer Pvt Ltd, Universal Book Serv, Aryabhatta Res Inst Observ Sci, Bose Inst, Indian Inst Astrophys, InterUniversity Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Phys Res Lab, Raman Res Inst, Saha Inst Nucl Phys, S N Bose Natl Ctr Basic Sci, Tat Inst Fundamental Res AB Over the next decade, we will witness the development of a new infrastructure in support of data-intensive scientific research, which includes Astronomy. This new networked environment will offer both challenges and opportunities to our community and has the potential to transform the way data are described, curated and preserved. Based on the lessons learned during the development and management of the ADS, a case is made for adopting the emerging technologies and practices of the Semantic Web to support the way Astronomy research will be conducted. Examples of how small, incremental steps can, in the aggregate, make a significant difference in the provision and repurposing of astronomical data are provided. C1 [Accomazzi, Alberto] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-746-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 433 BP 273 EP 281 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Information Science & Library Science GA BUU28 UT WOS:000290361400043 ER PT S AU Wang, YY Khardon, R Protopapas, P AF Wang, Yuyang Khardon, Roni Protopapas, Pavlos BE Balcazar, JL Bonchi, F Gionis, A Sebag, M TI Shift-Invariant Grouped Multi-task Learning for Gaussian Processes SO MACHINE LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN DATABASES, PT III SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD) CY SEP 20-24, 2010 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control (INRIA), Pascal2 European Network Excellence, Nokia, Yahoo Labs, Google, KNIME, Aster data, Microsoft Res, HP, MODAP (Mobil, Data Min, & Privacy) ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; MACHO PROJECT; STARS AB Multi-task learning leverages shared information among data sets to improve the learning performance of individual tasks. The paper applies this framework for data where each task is a phase-shifted periodic time series. In particular, we develop a novel Bayesian nonparametric model capturing a mixture of Gaussian processes where each task is a sum of a group-specific function and a component capturing individual variation, in addition to each task being phase shifted. We develop an efficient em algorithm to learn the parameters of the model. As a special case we obtain the Gaussian mixture model and em algorithm for phased-shifted periodic time series. Experiments in regression, classification and class discovery demonstrate the performance of the proposed model using both synthetic data and real-world time series data from astrophysics. Our methods are particularly useful when the time series are sparsely and non-synchronously sampled. C1 [Wang, Yuyang; Khardon, Roni] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Protopapas, Pavlos] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wang, YY (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM ywang02@cs.tufts.edu; roni@cs.tufts.edu; pprotopapas@cfa.harvard.edu FU NSF [IIS-0803409]; FAS Research Computing Group at Harvard and the Tufts Linux Research Cluster; Tufts UIT Research Computing FX This research was partly supported by NSF grant IIS-0803409. The experiments in this paper were performed on the Odyssey cluster supported by the FAS Research Computing Group at Harvard and the Tufts Linux Research Cluster supported by Tufts UIT Research Computing. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15938-1 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2010 VL 6323 BP 418 EP 434 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BCV00 UT WOS:000311551800027 ER PT J AU Strong, EE Glaubrecht, M AF Strong, Ellen E. Glaubrecht, Matthias TI ANATOMY OF THE TIPHOBIINI FROM LAKE TANGANYIKA (CERITHIOIDEA, PALUDOMIDAE) SO MALACOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE freshwater; morphology; shell; alimentary system; reno-pericardial system; nervous system; reproductive system ID EAST-AFRICA; THALASSOID GASTROPODS; CONVERGENT EVOLUTION; CAENOGASTROPODA; AFFINITY; ORIGIN; CONGO AB The anatomy of five poorly known endemic species of paludomids - Bathanalia straeleni, Chytra kirkii, Limnotrochus thomsoni, Mysorelloides multisulcata, Paramelania iridescens - from Lake Tanganyika is described. This assemblage, currently united in the Tiphobiini, is loosely characterized by a more or less trochiform shell shape and a mostly oviparous life mode. However, only scant information on the anatomy is available in the literature. Despite significant conchological variability, anatomical investigations reveal overriding similarity in features of the alimentary system (radula, midgut), kidney, and reproductive anatomy. Bathanalia and Mysorelloides are found to share features of the ovipositor, esophagus and spermatophore bursa; Chytra and Limnotrochus share features of the salivary glands and spermatophore bursa. Paramelania remains a clear outlier in shell morphology, but shares several likely plesiomorphic features of the operculum, midgut and nervous system with Tiphobia. Unlike other morphologically distinct clades of Lake Tanganyika paludomids, no unique anatomical character was found that unambiguously unites the Tiphobiini. C1 [Strong, Ellen E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Glaubrecht, Matthias] Museum Nat Kunde, Leibniz Inst Res Evolut & Biodivers, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Strong, EE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stronge@si.edu OI Strong, Ellen/0000-0001-7181-4114 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [GIL 297/5-1] FX We thank the following for their invaluable assistance with specimens under their care: Ian Loch (AMS), Kathie Way (BMNH), Thomas Kristensen (DBL), Jackie van Goethem (IRSNB), and Virginie Heros (MNHN). We are grateful to Heinz H. Buscher (Basel) and Anthony Wilson (Zurich) who collected some of the alcohol preserved material used in this study. We are indebted to Marilyn Schotte (USNM) for inking the anatomical drawings. This study was funded in part by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to MG (GIL 297/5-1). NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST MALACOL PI ANN ARBOR PA 2415 SOUTH CIRCLE DR, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0076-2997 J9 MALACOLOGIA JI Malacologia PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 115 EP 153 DI 10.4002/040.052.0108 PG 39 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 551JD UT WOS:000274203100008 ER PT J AU Hondorp, DW Breitburg, DL Davias, LA AF Hondorp, Darryl W. Breitburg, Denise L. Davias, Lori A. TI Eutrophication and Fisheries: Separating the Effects of Nitrogen Loads and Hypoxia on the Pelagic-to-Demersal Ratio and Other Measures of Landings Composition SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Building on previous analyses suggesting that the composition of fishery landings reflects the effects of eutrophication on mobile fish and benthos, we examined landings composition in relation to nitrogen loading and the spatial extent of hypoxia in a cross-system comparison of 22 ecosystems. We hypothesized that explicit consideration of both N and hypoxia is important because nutrient enrichment has been shown to have contrasting direct and indirect effects on fisheries. Consistent with this premise, patterns in landings composition differed with respect to N load and the spatial extent of hypoxia. For example, the ratios of pelagic to benthic and demersal biomass in fishery landings (P/D) exhibited a decreasing trend across ecosystems with progressively higher N but were significantly and positively correlated with the spatial extent of hypoxia. The P/D ratios were particularly high in systems with extensive and persistent hypoxia and particularly low in several estuaries where purse seining is prohibited or not used. In analyses that considered all systems, benthic and demersal landings did not decrease at high N as predicted by previous conceptual models, and the negative association with the spatial extent of hypoxia was statistically significant only when the Black Sea was included in the analysis. Landings of pelagic planktivores did not vary with the spatial extent of hypoxia but were positively related to N for all systems combined and for semi-enclosed seas. The trophic and size composition of fishery landings were not related to N or hypoxia, perhaps because landings of large, high-trophic-level species are more influenced by fishery exploitation or practices that mask the effects of water quality. Our results suggest that the response of fisheries to eutrophication differs from prevailing paradigms, which do not clearly distinguish between nutrient and hypoxia effects on fishery landings and do not consider the important influence of fishing practices and regulations on patterns in landings data. C1 [Hondorp, Darryl W.; Breitburg, Denise L.; Davias, Lori A.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Hondorp, DW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dhondorp@usgs.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 339 EP 361 DI 10.1577/C09-020.1 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V20PW UT WOS:000208152900025 ER PT J AU Ashton, GV Burrows, MT Willis, KJ Cook, EJ AF Ashton, Gail V. Burrows, Michael T. Willis, Kate J. Cook, Elizabeth J. TI Seasonal population dynamics of the non-native Caprella mutica (Crustacea, Amphipoda) on the west coast of Scotland SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aquaculture; invasion biology ID LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SALMON CAGES; COMMUNITY; GROWTH; DISTURBANCE; INVADER; SUCCESS; IMPACT AB Information on the life history and population dynamics of non-native species is essential to understand the process of invasion and impacts on invaded ecosystems. The non-native marine caprellid amphipod Caprella mutica has successfully established populations on coastlines throughout the temperate northern hemisphere and in New Zealand in the southern hemisphere. The introduction mechanism has been surpassed and it is now important to understand its ecology and biology in non-native habitats. The seasonal population dynamics of C. mutica were investigated over 18 months at four sites with different levels of anthropogenic disturbance on the west coast of Scotland. Abundance of C. mutica fluctuated seasonally at all sites, peaking during June to October. The highest abundance recorded on a single mesh collector was 319 000 individuals m(-2) in August 2004 at one of the fish farms. Both seasonal and site-specific factors influenced the population dynamics of C. mutica. Both males and females were significantly larger and more abundant at the fish farm sites. Individuals displayed reproductive characteristics at a smaller size at the fish farm sites, indicating earlier maturity. The results suggest that anthropogenic disturbance and artificial resource enhancement contribute to the global establishment success of non-native C. mutica. C1 [Ashton, Gail V.; Burrows, Michael T.; Willis, Kate J.; Cook, Elizabeth J.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Ashton, Gail V.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Willis, Kate J.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. RP Ashton, GV (reprint author), Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. EM ashtong@si.edu RI Burrows, Michael/D-9844-2013; OI Burrows, Michael/0000-0003-4620-5899; Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth /0000-0002-1466-6802 FU UK Natural Environmental Research Council [NER/S/A/2003/11899]; Esmee Fairbairn Foundation [EN/04-0395]; British Ecological Society [2135] FX The authors acknowledge assistance in various forms from R. Shucksmith, K. Boos and staff of the National Scientific Diving Facility, Dunstaffnage and Saulmore fish farms and Dunstaffnage marina. Thank you also to Chris Woods (NIWA) for reviewing an earlier draft of this manuscript. Funding was received from the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (PhD studentship NER/S/A/2003/11899), Esmee Fairbairn Foundation Marine Aliens project (Reference EN/04-0395) and British Ecological Society Small Ecological Project Grant 2135. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for their suggested improvements to the manuscript. NR 77 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2010 VL 61 IS 5 BP 549 EP 559 DI 10.1071/MF09162 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 601ZK UT WOS:000278107300006 ER PT J AU Cook, EJ Shucksmith, R Orr, H Ashton, GV Berge, J AF Cook, Elizabeth J. Shucksmith, Richard Orr, Heather Ashton, Gail V. Berge, Jorgen TI Fatty acid composition as a dietary indicator of the invasive caprellid, Caprella mutica (Crustacea: Amphipoda) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FEEDING ECOLOGY; HERBIVOROUS COPEPODS; TROPHIC MARKERS; ANTARCTIC KRILL; SEA-URCHIN; COMMUNITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; DISPERSAL; ATLANTIC; SCHURIN AB The invasive caprellid amphipod Caprella mutica is one of the most widely dispersed marine non-native species globally. Originating in sub-boreal north-east Asia, it has now been found in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. One potential reason why this species is such a successful invader is its ability to utilise a wide variety of food sources. The contribution of different food sources to the diet of C. mutica was estimated using fatty acids as biomarkers. Caprella mutica was collected from three field sites, including sea cages stocked with Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, shellfish longlines stocked with the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and mooring lines marking the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reef (> 2 km from caged finfish aquaculture), where established populations of this species are known to occur. In addition, the fatty acid compositions of C. mutica held in aquaria and either fed the microalga, Dunaliella tertiolecta, or the diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, for a period of 21 days were investigated. The fatty acid composition of the diatom and the microalgal diets was also examined. The results showed that C. mutica contained high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 20:5(n-3); other dominant fatty acids included 18:1(n-9), 22:6(n-3) and 16:0 (in decreasing order based on abundance). Significant differences in the fatty acid profiles between caprellids fed on the microalgae and the diatom diets and between C. mutica collected from the field sites were observed. These results provide evidence that lipid biomarkers can be successfully used to provide evidence of feeding strategy for C. mutica and that the flexibility observed in this strategy may play an important role in its invasion success. C1 [Cook, Elizabeth J.; Shucksmith, Richard; Orr, Heather] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Ashton, Gail V.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Berge, Jorgen] Univ Ctr Svalbard, UNIS, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway. RP Cook, EJ (reprint author), Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. EM ejc@sams.ac.uk RI Berge, Jorgen/B-8749-2008; Berge, Jorgen/E-7544-2015; OI Berge, Jorgen/0000-0003-0900-5679; Berge, Jorgen/0000-0003-0900-5679; Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth /0000-0002-1466-6802 FU Esmee Fairbarin Foundation; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); Scottish Funding Council; Highlands and Islands Enterprise; European Regional Development Fund FX We thank the staff of the NERC Scientific Dive Facility with all their help. We also thank Karin Boos for her comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by the Esmee Fairbarin Foundation Marine Aliens Programme, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) OCEANS 2025, the Scottish Funding Council, Highlands and Islands Enterprise and the European Regional Development Fund, under the Addressing Research Capacity ( in the Highlands and Islands) project. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 157 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1007/s00227-009-1292-0 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533CW UT WOS:000272801100003 ER PT J AU Budaeva, N Fauchald, K AF Budaeva, Nataliya Fauchald, Kristian TI Larval development of Mooreonuphis stigmatis (Treadwell, 1922) (Polychaeta: Onuphidae) from the north-east Pacific SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chaetal progression; direct development; False Bay; juvenile ID DIOPATRA; ANNELIDA AB Development of Mooreonuphis stigmatis, one of the dominant polychaete species in the intertidal soft-bottom community in False Bay (San Juan Island, Washington, USA) has been studied from the 5-chaetiger stage to adult utilizing SEM techniques. Clearly lecithotrophic larvae develop inside the parental tubes until at least the 17-chaetiger stage. The earliest observed stage demonstrated reduced trochal ciliation. Description of development of various ciliated sensory organs is provided. Development of prostomial and peristomial appendages is similar to that found in other onuphid larvae. The chaetal progression pattern of larvae is described in detail and a unified terminology for larval and adult chaetae is suggested. Three major chaetal progression patterns in onuphids can be recognized. The phylogenetic status of some character states such as pseudocompound falciger dentition, origin of branchiae and subacicular hooks is discussed. C1 [Budaeva, Nataliya] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Fauchald, Kristian] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Budaeva, N (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Nakhimovsky Pr 36, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM nbudaeva@mail.ru FU Smithsonian Institution fellowship; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [06-04-48764]; University of Washington FX We are grateful to Svetlana Maslakova and George von Dassow and the staff of the Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, for help with collecting and preserving specimens for the SEM study. We would like to thank Elena Vortcepneva from Moscow State University for providing the fixation protocol. Also, we are grateful to Scott Whittaker from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for assistance with SEM. This work was supported by the Smithsonian Institution fellowship program, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant 06-04-48764 and the tuition and course-related expenses award, Comparative Embryology Course, Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1745-1000 EI 1745-1019 J9 MAR BIOL RES JI Mar. Biol. Res. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 6 EP 24 DI 10.1080/17451000902932977 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 553DG UT WOS:000274344900002 ER PT J AU Mercier, A Pawson, DL Pawson, DJ Hamel, JF AF Mercier, Annie Pawson, David L. Pawson, Doris J. Hamel, Jean-Francois TI First record of the sea cucumber Trachythyone nina (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Canadian waters, with a redescription of the species and notes on its distribution and biology SO MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deep sea; Dendrochirotida; Holothuroidea; Newfoundland and Labrador; Arctic AB The original and only description of the cucumariid holothurian species Trachythyone nina (Deichmann, 1930) is based on material collected near George's Bank, by the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatross 125 years ago. No additional material of this species has been formally reported ever since. We hereby record T. nina for the first time in Canadian waters, from several sites along the continental slope of Newfoundland and Labrador (43-55 degrees N) at depths of 1088-1308 m and from the Arctic (60 degrees N) at 590 m, as well as from two sites near the type locality at 132-155 m along the coast of New England. A more detailed and accurate description of the species is provided, along with notes on its ecology and distribution. This tiny (<= 15 mm long) gonochoric sea cucumber is usually associated with hard substrata, including deep-sea corals. C1 [Mercier, Annie] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. [Pawson, David L.; Pawson, Doris J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Hamel, Jean-Francois] SEVE, St Philips, NF, Canada. RP Mercier, A (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. EM amercier@mun.ca RI Mercier, Annie/B-4254-2012 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) FX We would like to thank the crew of the CCGS Teleost and the staff of Fisheries & Oceans, Canada (DFO) for their help. The assistance of V. Wareham, E. Hynick (DFO, St. John's) and Tim Siferd (DFO, Central and Arctic Region) was particularly appreciated. This research was partly funded by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) to A. Mercier. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1745-1000 J9 MAR BIOL RES JI Mar. Biol. Res. PY 2010 VL 6 IS 3 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1080/17451000903233805 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 593XL UT WOS:000277496200009 ER PT J AU Osman, RW Munguia, P Zajac, RN AF Osman, Richard W. Munguia, Pablo Zajac, Roman N. TI Ecological thresholds in marine communities: theory, experiments and management SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Thresholds; Resilience; Multiple stable states; Tipping points; Management ID MULTIPLE STABLE POINTS; REGIME SHIFTS; ECOSYSTEMS; STABILITY; STATES; BIODIVERSITY; RESILIENCE; EXISTENCE AB There is increasing interest in the resilience of marine and estuarine populations, communities and ecosystems, and their rapid change when stresses reach some threshold or tipping point. Current research on thresholds is altering our understanding of these systems, the processes by which they change, and our approach to their management and restoration. In this Theme Section conceptual, modeling, and empirical studies explore threshold dynamics in marine coastal systems in a variety of habitats and across different scales. The contributions provide a window on present research, highlight some of the issues being debated, and point to some of the potential applications of threshold dynamics to resource management issues. C1 [Osman, Richard W.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Munguia, Pablo] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Zajac, Roman N.] Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. RP Osman, RW (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM osmanr@si.edu RI Munguia, Pablo/D-8653-2012; OI Munguia, Pablo/0000-0002-9900-2123 NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 33 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 185 EP 187 DI 10.3354/meps08765 PG 3 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900014 ER PT J AU Munguia, P Osman, RW Hamilton, J Whitlatch, RB Zajac, RN AF Munguia, Pablo Osman, Richard W. Hamilton, John Whitlatch, Robert B. Zajac, Roman N. TI Modeling of priority effects and species dominance in Long Island Sound benthic communities SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Community threshold; Dispersal; Life history; Model ID PEN SHELL COMMUNITIES; REGIME SHIFTS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; PATCH SIZE; RECRUITMENT; POPULATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DIVERSITY; STATES; BIODIVERSITY AB Spatially structured communities are common in many systems, including the marine benthos where sessile species compete for substrate. Which species colonizes a habitat first may determine species coexistence or dominance. The strength of this priority effect will vary as a function of the interaction between life history processes and disturbance events at different spatial and temporal scales. On a local scale, disturbance tends to open up space, allowing new propagules to arrive, while on a regional scale, it has the potential to reduce source populations and the colonization ability of dispersal-limited species. Differences in larval longevity will have a direct influence on dispersal distance, the relative timing of colonization, and the impact of priority effects, especially when interacting with different disturbance regimes. This study presents a modeling exercise to highlight this synergy and its implications for invasive species and ecosystem management. Four life histories were simulated, representing species from the 4 common community states of Long Island Sound, USA: resident bryozoans, invasive ascidians, mussels, and the ascidian Diplosoma listerianum that is restricted to years with abnormally warm winters. Brooding species took longer to exert dominance than broadcast spawners, but were more resilient to disturbance, having less local extinctions. Simulations showed that the combined effects of dispersal ability and disturbance could allow the maintenance of diversity on a regional scale regardless of the identity of locally dominant species. Priority effects are only present when the system experiences localized disturbance regimes, such as predation. C1 [Munguia, Pablo; Osman, Richard W.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Munguia, Pablo] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Hamilton, John; Whitlatch, Robert B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Zajac, Roman N.] Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, West Haven, CT USA. RP Munguia, P (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM munguia@mail.utexas.edu RI Munguia, Pablo/D-8653-2012; OI Munguia, Pablo/0000-0002-9900-2123 FU EPA [R832448] FX This research was funded through EPA (Grant no. R832448). Our ideas and this paper were greatly improved by the comments and suggestions of several anonymous reviewers. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 229 EP 240 DI 10.3354/meps08764 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900018 ER PT J AU Osman, RW Munguia, P Whitlatch, RB Zajac, RN Hamilton, J AF Osman, Richard W. Munguia, Pablo Whitlatch, Robert B. Zajac, Roman N. Hamilton, John TI Thresholds and multiple community states in marine fouling communities: integrating natural history with management strategies SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Threshold dynamics; Fouling community; Ascidians; Bryozoans; Mussels; Climate change; Coastal development; Invasive species ID ALTERNATIVE STABLE STATES; HABITAT DESTRUCTION; LARVAL DISPERSAL; QUALITATIVE STABILITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; SPECIES INVASIONS; MODEL-ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS AB The epifaunal communities characteristic of the southern New England, USA, region between eastern Long Island Sound, CT, and Cape Cod, MA, comprise a complex system in which different mechanisms at certain threshold levels can cause the establishment of 4 distinct community states: (1) a diverse native community dominated by bryozoans and sponges most commonly found in open coast areas, (2) an invasive ascidian community characteristic of marinas and areas of coastal development, (3) a mussel-dominated community occurring after massive recruitment and (4) an ascidian community dominated by Diplosoma listerianum that occurs only in years following warm winters. Each of these states is fairly resilient, but the spatial extent and duration of each state can be highly variable. Transitions among the states occur if some set of threshold conditions are surpassed and reasonable predictions can be made based on knowledge of the natural history of the species within the system. Two sets of processes seem to control the resilience of each state and the thresholds beyond which a transition to a new state occurs: (1) fast and local processes such as within-population recruitment, predation or bioengineering by mussels and (2) slow regional processes such as climate change, coastal development or habitat restoration. Of these, coastal development and restoration efforts are under management control and could have large effects on these community states, in particular the native community. However, we may not be able to influence large-scale regional processes such as climate change that may favor non-native communities. Nevertheless, the different community states can be used as indicators of both local and regional management success and allow local management efforts to be put in the context of larger scale shifts in threshold conditions that affect regional community patterns. C1 [Osman, Richard W.; Munguia, Pablo] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Whitlatch, Robert B.; Hamilton, John] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Zajac, Roman N.] Univ New Haven, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, West Haven, CT 06516 USA. [Munguia, Pablo] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Osman, RW (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM osmanr@si.edu RI Munguia, Pablo/D-8653-2012; OI Munguia, Pablo/0000-0002-9900-2123 FU US Environmental Protection Agency [R832448, R833838, R830877]; National Science Foundation; Connecticut Sea Grant FX This research was supported by grants from the US Environmental Protection Agency STAR Program (R832448, R833838 and R830877), the National Science Foundation and Connecticut Sea Grant. We thank the many students who provided tireless support over many, many years for conducting the field and laboratory studies. We also thank the Dominion Nuclear Environmental Laboratory for providing sea surface temperature data collected at Millstone Point, Waterford, CT. NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 413 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps08673 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TW UT WOS:000281566900022 ER PT J AU Zabin, CJ Obernolte, R Mackie, JA Gentry, J Harris, L Geller, J AF Zabin, Chela J. Obernolte, Rena Mackie, Joshua A. Gentry, Jackson Harris, Leslie Geller, Jonathan TI A non-native bryozoan creates novel substrate on the mudflats in San Francisco Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Bryoliths; Bryozoans; Schizoporella; Habitat modification; Invasive species; Facilitation ID SCHIZOPORELLA-ERRATA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; GROWTH-FORM; HABITAT; COMMUNITIES; CALIFORNIA; AUSTRALIA; BRYOLITHS; PATTERNS; MUSSEL AB A non-native bryozoan, Schizoporella errata, forms extensive patches of free-living balls and reef-like structures (bryoliths) on the mudflats in south San Francisco Bay, California. The ball-like bryoliths range from 2 to 20 cm in diameter, and the reef-like structures can be nearly 1 m across. While S. errata is known to form bryoliths in other locations, free-living aggregations like these have not been reported. Colony morphology appears to be a plastic trait as analysis of relationships among forms using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequence data revealed no genetic separation. We recorded >50 species of algae and invertebrates living on and in the bryoliths and determined the invasion status for 34 of the 50 species. Of the 34, 25 (74%) were non-natives and included fouling species that require hard substrate. The bryoliths may thus facilitate colonization by invaders on the mudflats and serve as stepping stones between the limited hard substrate habitats in the Bay. C1 [Zabin, Chela J.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Tiburon, CA 94965 USA. [Zabin, Chela J.; Obernolte, Rena] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mackie, Joshua A.] San Jose State Univ, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. [Gentry, Jackson] Inst Marine Sci, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. [Harris, Leslie] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Geller, Jonathan] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Zabin, CJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 3152 Paradise Dr, Tiburon, CA 94965 USA. EM zabinc@si.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 412 BP 129 EP 139 DI 10.3354/meps08664 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 646TM UT WOS:000281565900011 ER PT J AU Collin, R AF Collin, Rachel TI Repeatability of egg size in two marine gastropods: brood order and female size do not contribute to intraspecific variation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Crepidula; Direct development; Phenotypic plasticity; Bet-hedging ID OFFSPRING SIZE; HATCHING SIZE; PROGENY SIZE; CALYPTRAEIDAE; REPRODUCTION; VARIABILITY; PLASTICITY; QUALITY; AGE; INVERTEBRATES AB Egg size has been shown to vary among females in many species of marine invertebrates and fishes. Usually, however, only a single reproductive event is measured for each female, leaving open the possibility that egg size could vary significantly among broods from the same female. Here I measured egg size from 3 to 7 broods per female from 2 calyptraeid species, Crepidula atrasolea and C. ustulatulina, in 2 experiments. In a preliminary experiment, females were raised from hatching under constant temperature in incubators; in a second larger experiment, they were raised under varying temperatures on the laboratory bench top. Under both conditions, there were significant differences in egg size among broods from each female, as well as significant differences among females from the bench top. Estimates of repeatability, which give an upper boundary on the heritability of a trait, were significantly reduced when among brood variation was included in the calculations, suggesting that caution should be used in interpreting among-female components of variation in studies that measure only a single brood per female. Egg size was not related to female size, and there was an effect of brood order on egg size in only C. ustulatulina from the bench top. Eggs produced in the incubators were larger than those from the bench top and they were more variable within broods, resulting in a lower repeatability of egg size from incubator animals than from bench top animals. The significant variation in egg size at all levels of the analysis suggests that such variation should be included in models of egg size evolution, and that the evolutionary dynamics of egg size may be more complicated than reflected in current models of life-history evolution. C1 [Collin, Rachel] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Collin, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, AA 34002 USA. EM collinr@si.edu RI Collin, Rachel/G-2001-2010 FU Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network; Hunterdon and Johnson Funds FX This study could not have been completed without the help of M. Salazar, M. F. Vinasco, E. Diaz and M. Lobato, who assisted in animal care. I thank R. Thacker, K. McDonald, D. Marshall, D. R. Robertson and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Marine Science Network, Scholarly Studies Program, and Hunterdon and Johnson Funds. This is Smithsonian Marine Station in Fort Pierce contribution #813. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 410 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.3354/meps08638 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 636UG UT WOS:000280768000007 ER PT J AU Doblin, MA Murphy, KR Ruiz, GM AF Doblin, Martina A. Murphy, Kathleen R. Ruiz, Gregory M. TI Thresholds for tracing ships' ballast water: an Australian case study SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ballast water; CDOM; Trace elements; Biological invasions; Ballast management ID ORGANIC-MATTER; FLUORESCENCE; EXCHANGE; VERIFICATION; ESTUARY; HARBOR; ABSORPTION; SEAWATER; ELEMENTS; TRACERS AB To limit the spread of non-indigenous marine species, ships can be legally required to conduct ballast water exchange (BWE) prior to discharging ballast water. It has been proposed to verify BWE by measuring concentrations of coastal tracers in ballast tanks, which should track their removal. Using 3 Australian ports as case studies (Port Botany, Port Curtis and Port Phillip Bay), each representing a different BWE verification difficulty level, the spatial and temporal variability of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and 3 trace elements (manganese [Mn], barium [Ba] and phosphorus [P]), were measured to assess their utility as tracers of coastal (unexchanged) ballast water. CDOM fluorescence at lambda(ex)/lambda(em) = 320/414 nm (C2*) and 370/494 nm (C3*) and Mn concentrations were significantly higher in ports than in the adjacent Tasman Sea, except near port entrances and at a few sites in Port Botany. Ba concentrations demonstrated the least power to discriminate coastal sources, but P easily discriminated water from mesotrophic Port Phillip Bay. In general, tracers showed greater variation between and within ports, rather than between seasons. Conservative BWE thresholds were calculated to be 1.6 quinine sulphate equivalents for C2*, 0.9 quinine sulphate equivalents for C3*, 1.4 mu g l(-1) for Mn and 6.9 mu g l(-1) for Ba. Overall, these thresholds would allow water sourced from eastern Australian ports to be identified as coastal at 92%, 69% and 74% of sites examined using C3*, Mn and Ba, respectively, requiring 71 +/- 26%, 54 +/- 40% and 59 +/- 38% replacement with mid-ocean water to be within ocean baseline concentration ranges. C1 [Doblin, Martina A.] Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. [Murphy, Kathleen R.; Ruiz, Gregory M.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Murphy, Kathleen R.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, UNSW Water Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Doblin, MA (reprint author), Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Sci, POB 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. EM martina.doblin@uts.edu.au RI Murphy, Kathleen/B-8217-2009; Doblin, Martina/E-8719-2013; OI Murphy, Kathleen/0000-0001-5715-3604; Doblin, Martina/0000-0001-8750-3433; Ruiz, Gregory/0000-0003-2499-441X FU Biosecurity New Zealand FX We sincerely thank P. Jones, R. Watson, N. Biggins, A. Davis, and J. Clark for assistance with field operations. We acknowledge P. Field of Rutgers Inorganic Analytical Laboratory, Rutgers University, for trace element analyses, and D. Sparks, G. Smith, A. Arnwine, T. Mullady, J. Boehme and R. Hartman of SERC for CDOM analyses. Technical support for the project was provided by SERC and by J. Iles at UTS. Thanks to M. Noble for preparing site maps, to L. Jones and N. Parker at Biosecurity New Zealand for administrative support and to H. Cribb, P. Fisher, T. Glasby, K. Hayes and A. Morton for help with sourcing port salinity data. This work was funded by Biosecurity New Zealand and is SIMS contribution no. 0037. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 408 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.3354/meps08599 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KT UT WOS:000278978800004 ER PT J AU Hultgren, KM Duffy, JE AF Hultgren, Kristin M. Duffy, J. Emmett TI Sponge host characteristics shape the community structure of their shrimp associates SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Synalpheus; Sponge; Coral reef; Host use; Size; Harrison's rule ID PARASITE SPECIES RICHNESS; BODY-SIZE; FLORAL SPECIALIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE; PLANT SPECIALIZATION; COMPARATIVE TESTS; DWELLING SHRIMPS; METABOLIC-RATE; EVOLUTION; SYNALPHEUS AB Both body size and habitat architecture have pervasive effects on the form, function, and interactions of organisms, and can play especially important roles in structuring intimate associations between host organisms and their obligate associates. In this study, we examined how body size is related to host use in a diverse clade of closely related snapping shrimp species (Synalpheus) that live in the interior canals of sponges. Using data from an extensive survey of sponge-dwelling Synalpheus from Jamaica, we tested how sponge morphology (interior canal size and individual sponge volume) was related to the identity and diversity of Synalpheus inhabitants. In cross-species comparisons, we found a strong positive correlation between Synalpheus species body size and sponge host canal size, using both raw species correlations and phylogenetic independent contrasts. Shrimp abundance increased with sponge volume in all sponge hosts tested, and species richness increased with volume in 2 host sponge species. Despite this evidence for a strong constraining influence of habitat architecture on shrimp communities, simulation studies demonstrated that shrimp used only a subset of appropriately sized sponges, indicating that size matching is not the sole determinant of sponge host use. Closely related sponges hosted more similar shrimp communities than unrelated sponges (despite moderate similarity in canal size between unrelated sponges), suggesting that additional genus-specific sponge traits also influence host use. Our study suggests multiple sponge traits likely limit Synalpheus host use, and has important implications for understanding how host use influences speciation of this diverse group. C1 [Hultgren, Kristin M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Duffy, J. Emmett] Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Williamsburg, VA USA. [Duffy, J. Emmett] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Williamsburg, VA USA. RP Hultgren, KM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 163, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM hultgrenk@si.edu RI Hultgren, Kristin/F-6862-2011 FU National Geographic Society [8312-07]; Smithsonian Marine Science Network FX Financial support for this work was provided by the National Geographic Society (Research and Exploration Grant no. 8312-07) and the Smithsonian Marine Science Network. We thank the staff at the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory in Jamaica for facilitating our field research, and K. Ruetzler for providing assistance in identifying sponges. We are especially grateful to K. S. Macdonald for helping with research in the field and identification of shrimp specimens. The manuscript was greatly improved by the comments of several anonymous reviewers. This is VIMS contribution no. 3081. NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 407 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.3354/meps08609 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KR UT WOS:000278978600001 ER PT J AU Johnson, EG Eggleston, DB AF Johnson, Eric G. Eggleston, David B. TI Population density, survival and movement of blue crabs in estuarine salt marsh nurseries SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; Mark-recapture; Survival; Salt marsh ID CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; STOCK ENHANCEMENT; MARKED ANIMALS; NEKTON USE; SECONDARY DISPERSAL; DEPENDENT PREDATION AB The importance of a broad suite of complex structured habitats as nurseries for estuarine fauna is well recognized. In contrast, recent evidence indicates the nursery value of salt marshes and contiguous unvegetated mud flats for blue crabs are underestimated. To assess the nursery value of salt marsh tidal creeks for the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in coastal North Carolina, USA, we quantified population density, survival and movement patterns of juvenile blue crabs in 2 tidal salt marsh creeks during summer and fall. Survival rates of blue crab juveniles were high (0.98 d(-1)) and similar in both creek systems. Juvenile crabs exhibited a high degree of site fidelity to a given marsh creek during summer-fall, suggesting that losses were predominantly due to mortality, not emigration. Our study provides critical information on the demographic processes underlying the importance of salt marshes as nurseries for estuarine-dependent species, and was novel in that it: (1) measured density, survival and emigration concurrently; and (2) enabled the identification of individuals, which allowed for the assessment of the relationship between blue crab size, survival and capture probability. We conclude that the observed patterns of abundance, survival and habitat utilization of blue crabs within tidal salt marsh creeks in North Carolina are consistent with the hypothesis that salt marsh creeks are important nurseries for blue crabs. Further, the relatively high use of the marsh surface by juvenile blue crabs, combined with a general lack of directed sampling within these complex habitats, suggests that crab densities may be even higher in salt marshes than previously thought. C1 [Johnson, Eric G.; Eggleston, David B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Johnson, EG (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM johnsoneg@si.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant Fishery Resource [99-FEG-10 and 00-FEG-11]; National Science Foundation [OCE-97-34472]; PADI foundation FX We thank the many graduate and undergraduate students and technicians for assistance in field and laboratory experiments. Special thanks to J. Buckel, H. Johnson, G. T. Kellison, N. Reyns and S. Searcy for their assistance in the field, and to C. Taylor and G. T. Kellison for generating the map of study sites. We thank J. van Montfrans and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science for access to the microwire tagging equipment, and for providing technical training. We thank K. Pollock, J. Hightower and T. Wolcott for statistical advice on capture-recapture modeling as well as general comments and anonymous referees for their constructive criticisms. Funding for this research was provided by the North Carolina Sea Grant Fishery Resource Grant Program (99-FEG-10 and 00-FEG-11), the National Science Foundation (OCE-97-34472) to D.B.E. and the PADI foundation to E.G.J. NR 79 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 407 BP 135 EP U150 DI 10.3354/meps08574 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 613KR UT WOS:000278978600011 ER PT J AU Kim, TW Christy, JH Rissanen, JR Ribeiro, PD Choe, JC AF Kim, Tae Won Christy, John H. Rissanen, Jade R. Ribeiro, Pablo D. Choe, Jae C. TI Effect of food addition on the reproductive intensity and timing of both sexes of an intertidal crab SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Reproductive timing; Intertidal animal; Tidal rhythm; Food addition; Fiddler crab ID MALE FIDDLER-CRABS; SEMILUNAR COURTSHIP RHYTHM; UCA-LACTEA; ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; HANDICAP PRINCIPLE; SEXUAL SELECTION; AVAILABILITY; HYPOTHESIS; SUCCESS; QUALITY AB Males and females of most animals time reproduction and synchronize their reproductive activity to maximize lifetime fitness. When food is abundant, however, the 2 sexes may time investments in reproduction differently due to sexual differences in how energy limits reproductive success. Many intertidal animals have reproductive cycles with semilunar or lunar periods timed to coincide with a certain phase of the tidal amplitude cycle when offspring survive best. Given an optimal time to breed, well-fed females may increase their investment in offspring but not change when they breed, while males may invest more both before and after the mating peak. We explored this possibility by feeding a mixed-sex population of the fiddler crab Uca terpsichores in field enclosures over 2 sequential trials of 1 mo each. Food addition increased male courtship intensity, particularly in the latter part of the semilunar reproductive cycles, but did not change the peak days of reproductive activity. Food addition had no consistent effects on female mate-searching intensity or reproductive timing during either month-long trial. These results suggest that female reproductive cycles and their timing do not result from semilunar variation in food. However, since females breed at most once a month, the trials may not have been of sufficient duration to reveal an effect of food on female reproductive investment. Previous studies suggest that semilunar variation in predation on larvae is the most important factor regulating reproductive timing by both sexes. Our results indicate that additional food also influences the schedule of male reproductive investment. C1 [Kim, Tae Won] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Kim, Tae Won; Christy, John H.; Rissanen, Jade R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Ribeiro, Pablo D.] Univ Nacl Mar del Plata, Dept Biol, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Ribeiro, Pablo D.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Choe, Jae C.] Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Life Sci, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Kim, TW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM ktwon@stanford.edu FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Naos Laboratories; Culebra Nature Center; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-351-C00044]; Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University; Ewha Womans University; Amore Pacific Research and Cultural Foundation FX We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, the Naos Laboratories, and the Culebra Nature Center for financial and logistical support. We are also grateful to Sanha Kim, Byunghyuk Kim, June Lee, and Taekeun Kim for discussion of the manuscript. T.W.K. was supported by a short-term fellowship from STRI and by Korean Research Foundation Grants funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-351-000044). T.W.K. is also grateful to the Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University for supporting him during the publication of this study. J.C.C. was supported by a grant from Ewha Womans University. Thanks are also due to the Amore Pacific Research and Cultural Foundation for financial support. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 401 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.3354/meps08416 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 574VF UT WOS:000276021600015 ER PT J AU Robertson, DR Smith-Vaniz, WF AF Robertson, D. R. Smith-Vaniz, W. F. TI Use of clove oil in collecting coral reef fishes for research SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Clove oil; Anesthetic; Coral reef fishes; Collecting; Management ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESILIENCE; DISTURBANCE; RECOVERY; EFFICACY; IMPACTS; RISK AB Managers need accurate and relevant information about potential adverse environmental effects of scientific collecting when considering research proposals and permits. Clove oil has recently come into use in scientific fish-collecting. While several short-term experimental studies on clove oil's effects on corals have found negative effects, these were in response to heavier dosages than are typically used by researchers to collect fishes. Thus, the available evidence suggests that the small amounts of this oil that are normally applied during such collections rarely visibly stress corals. Experiments are needed to test for negative effects of actual scientific collecting with clove oil to clarify the real-world consequences of its use on coral survivorship, growth and reproduction at ecologically significant scales. When managers are assessing proposals for research that requires collecting fish, they should place the attendant environmental costs in perspective, and weight them against the relative value of the potential research results. Coral reefs occupy enormous areas of the tropics, and corals are also common in other habitats. Coral populations are often highly dynamic, possess strong powers of regeneration, and recover from repeated effects of temporary, large-scale natural events (hurricanes, floods, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis). The relatively small numbers of researchers collecting reef fishes with clove oil do so only intermittently, in areas of a few m(2) per project, and at sites that are widely dispersed throughout the tropics. Any negative effects of such tiny, brief, scattered collections are inconsequential relative to the effects of acute and chronic large-scale natural and human-induced stresses on coral populations, and to the regenerative capabilities of corals. C1 [Robertson, D. R.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Smith-Vaniz, W. F.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Robertson, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. EM drr@stri.org NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2010 VL 401 BP 295 EP 302 DI 10.3354/meps08374 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 574VF UT WOS:000276021600025 ER PT J AU Oremland, MS Allen, BM Clapham, PJ Moore, MJ Potter, C Mead, JG AF Oremland, Mollie Sue Allen, Bernadette M. Clapham, Phillip J. Moore, Michael J. Potter, Charley Mead, James G. TI Mandibular fractures in short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fracture; mandible; pilot whale; Globicephala macrorhynchus; stranding; trauma; competition; injury; cetaceans ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; HARBOR PORPOISES; VIOLENT INTERACTIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INFANTICIDE; AGGRESSION AB P>This study's objective was to investigate mandibular fractures in 50 short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus, from two mass strandings. Based on current theories that this species is sexually dimorphic and polygynous, hypotheses were: (1) males should suffer more frequent or more substantial mandibular fractures than should females, and (2) fracture occurrence should increase with male reproductive maturity and potential correlates of maturity, such as age and length. Fractures were described and correlated with physical characteristics to infer possible explanations for injuries. Mandibular fractures were surprisingly common in males and females, being found in more than half of the animals examined (27/50, or 54% overall; 17/36 or 47% of females and 10/14 or 71% of males). Length was the only correlate of fracture presence; the proportion of animals showing evidence of fracture increased with length. These results offer some support to initial hypotheses, but there must be another set of consequences that contribute to mandibular fractures in females. A combination of intra- and interspecific interactions and life history characteristics may be responsible for fractures. Further research from a larger sample of this and other cetacean species are suggested to help elucidate both the causes and implications of mandibular fractures. C1 [Oremland, Mollie Sue] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Oremland, Mollie Sue; Allen, Bernadette M.; Potter, Charley; Mead, James G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Allen, Bernadette M.; Clapham, Phillip J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Oremland, MS (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM molliesue@gmail.com RI Allen, Bernadette/C-4028-2012; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00334.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 538EO UT WOS:000273167300001 ER PT J AU Dunn, TL Cressey, G McSween, HY McCoy, TJ AF Dunn, Tasha L. Cressey, Gordon McSween, Harry Y., Jr. McCoy, Timothy J. TI Analysis of ordinary chondrites using powder X-ray diffraction: 1. Modal mineral abundances SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LL-GROUP CHONDRITES; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; METAMORPHISM; QUANTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; METEORITES AB Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to quantify the modal abundances (in wt%) of 18 H, 17 L. and 13 LL unbrecciated ordinary chondrite falls, which represents the complete petrologic range of equilibrated ordinary chondrites (types 4 6). The XRD technique presents an effective alternative to traditional methods for determining modal abundances, such as optical point counting and electron microprobe phase (EM P) mapping. The majority of chondrite powders in this study were previously prepared for chemical characterization from 8 to 20 g of material, which is consistent with the suggested mass (10 e) necessary to provide representative sampling of ordinary chondrites. Olivine and low-Ca pyroxene are the most abundant phases present, comprising one-half to three-fourths of total abundances, while plagioclase, high-Ca pyroxene, troilite, and metal comprise the remaining XRD-measured mineralogy. Pigeonite may also be present in some samples, but it is fitted using a high-Ca pyroxene standard, so exact abundances cannot be measured directly using XRD. Comparison of XRD-measured abundances with calculated Cross. Iddings, Pirsson, Washington (CIPW) normative abundances indicates that systematic discrepancies exist between these two data sets, particularly in olivine and high-Ca pyroxene. This discrepancy is attributed to the absence of pigeonite as a possible phase in the CIPW normative mineralogy. Oxides associated with pigeonite are improperly allocated, resulting in overestimated normative olivine abundances and underestimated normative high-Ca pyroxene abundances. This suggests that the CIPW norm is poorly suited for determining mineralogical modal abundances of ordinary chondrites. C1 [Dunn, Tasha L.; McSween, Harry Y., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. [Cressey, Gordon] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Mineral, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Dunn, TL (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. EM tldunn@ilstu.edu FU NASA [NNG06GG36G] FX We would like to thank the Mineralogy Department at the Natural History Museum in London for the use of their facilities and for providing samples. The authors also thank the Smithsonian Institution for providing thin sections and powders of the majority of samples examined in this study. The authors are also grateful to Rhian Jones, Alex Ruzicka, and Adrian Brearley for their comments and suggestions. which have greatly improved this manuscript. This work was supported by NASA through cosmochemistry grant NNG06GG36G to H. Y. M. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01011.x PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591TE UT WOS:000277326500011 ER PT J AU Dunn, TL McSween, HY McCoy, TJ Cressey, G AF Dunn, Tasha L. McSween, Harry Y., Jr. McCoy, Timothy J. Cressey, Gordon TI Analysis of ordinary chondrites using powder X-ray diffraction: 2. Applications to ordinary chondrite parent-body processes SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; TYPE-3 ORDINARY CHONDRITES; LL-GROUP CHONDRITES; THERMAL HISTORY; SOLAR NEBULA; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; MODAL MINERALOGY; OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; METAMORPHISM; METEORITES AB We evaluate the chemical and physical conditions of metamorphism in ordinary chondrite parent bodies using X-ray diffraction (XRD)-measured modal mineral abundances and geochemical analyses of 48 type 4-6 ordinary chondrites. Several observations indicate that oxidation may have occurred during progressive metamorphism of equilibrated chondrites, including systematic changes with petrologic type in XRD-derived olivine and low-Ca pyroxene abundances, increasing ratios of MgO/(MgO + FeO) in olivine and pyroxene, mean Ni/Fe and Co/Fe ratios in bulk metal with increasing metamorphic grade, and linear Fe addition trends in molar Fe/Mn and Fe/Mg plots. An aqueous fluid. likely incorporated as hydrous silicates and distributed homogeneously throughout the parent body, was responsible for oxidation. Based on mass balance calculations, a minimum of 0.3-0.4 wt% H(2)O reacted with metal to produce oxidized Fe. Prior to oxidation the parent body underwent a period of reduction, as evidenced by the unequilibrated chondrites. Unlike olivine and pyroxene, average plagioclase abundances do not show any systematic changes with increasing petrologic type. Based on this observation and a comparison of modal and normative plagioclase abundances, we suggest that plagioclase completely crystallized from glass by type 4 temperature conditions in the H and L chondrites and by type 5 in the LL chondrites. Because the validity of using the plagioclase thermometer to determine peak temperatures rests on the assumption that plagioclase continued to crystallize through type 6 conditions, we suggest that temperatures calculated using pyroxene goethermometry provide more accurate estimates of the peak temperatures reached in ordinary chondrite parent bodies. C1 [Dunn, Tasha L.; McSween, Harry Y., Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Planetary Geosci Inst, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. [McCoy, Timothy J.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Cressey, Gordon] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Mineral, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Dunn, TL (reprint author), Illinois State Univ, Dept Geog Geol, Normal, IL 61761 USA. EM tldunn@ilstu.edu FU NASA [NNG06GG36G] FX We thank the Mineralogy Department at the Natural History Museum in London for the use of their facilities and for providing samples. Thanks to the Smithsonian Institution for providing thin sections and powders of the majority of samples examined in this study and to Allan Patchen at the University of Tennessee for his guidance using the electron microprobe. The authors also greatly appreciate the thoughtful comments of reviewers Derek Sears, Alan Rubin, and Adrian Brearley. This work was supported by NASA through Cosmochemistry grant NNG06GG36G to H. Y. M. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 135 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01012.x PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 591TE UT WOS:000277326500012 ER PT J AU Hopkins, PF Elvis, M AF Hopkins, Philip F. Elvis, Martin TI Quasar feedback: more bang for your buck SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; quasars: general; cosmology: theory ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; JET-INDUCED FEEDBACK; NARROW-LINE REGION; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; SOFT-X-RAY; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; ACCRETION DISKS AB We propose a 'two-stage' model for the effects of feedback from a bright quasar on the cold gas in a galaxy. It is difficult for winds or other forms of feedback from near the accretion disc to directly impact (let alone blow out of the galaxy) dense molecular clouds at similar to kpc. However, if such feedback can drive a weak wind or outflow in the hot, diffuse interstellar medium (a relatively 'easy' task), then in the wake of such an outflow passing over a cold cloud, a combination of instabilities and simple pressure gradients will drive the cloud material to effectively expand in the direction perpendicular to the incident outflow. This shredding/expansion (and the corresponding decrease in density) may alone be enough to substantially suppress star formation in the host. Moreover, such expansion, by even a relatively small factor, dramatically increases the effective cross-section of the cloud material and makes it much more susceptible to both ionization and momentum coupling from absorption of the incident quasar radiation field. We show that even a moderate effect of this nature can dramatically alter the ability of clouds at large radii to be fully ionized and driven into a secondary outflow by radiation pressure. Since the amount of momentum and volume which can be ionized by observed quasar radiation field is more than sufficient to affect the entire cold gas supply once it has been altered in this manner (and the 'initial' feedback need only initiate a moderate wind in the low-density hot gas), this reduces by an order of magnitude the required energy budget for feedback to affect a host galaxy. Instead of similar to 5 per cent of the radiated energy (similar to 100 per cent momentum) needed if the initial feedback must directly heat or 'blow out' the galactic gas, if only similar to 0.5 per cent of the luminosity (similar to 10 per cent momentum) can couple to drive the initial hot outflow, this mechanism could be efficient. This amounts to hot gas outflow rates from near the accretion disc of only similar to 5-10 per cent of the black hole accretion rate. C1 [Hopkins, Philip F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Elvis, Martin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hopkins, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM phopkins@astro.berkeley.edu FU Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley FX We thank Lars Hernquist and Eliot Quataert for helpful discussions in the development of this work, and thank Vincenzo Antonuccio-Delogu, Pat Hall and Barry McKernan for helpful comments on an earlier draft. We also appreciate the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics, where this paper was partially developed. Support for PFH was provided by the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley. NR 87 TC 144 Z9 144 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15643.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534AE UT WOS:000272867100015 ER PT J AU Reig, P Slowikowska, A Zezas, A Blay, P AF Reig, P. Slowikowska, A. Zezas, A. Blay, P. TI Correlated optical/X-ray variability in the high-mass X-ray binary SAX J2103.5+4545 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; stars: emission line; Be; stars: neutron; X-rays: binaries ID INTRINSIC COLOR INDEXES; TIMING-EXPLORER; PULSAR SAX-J2103.5+4545; HIPPARCOS PARALLAXES; ACCRETING PULSAR; CYGNUS X-1; GX 339-4; STARS; DISCOVERY; DISKS AB SAX J2103.5+4545 is the Be/X-ray binary (BeX) with the shortest orbital period. It shows extended bright and faint X-ray states that last for a few hundred days. The main objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between the X-ray and optical variability and to characterize the spectral and timing properties of the bright and faint states. We have found a correlation between the spectral and temporal parameters that fit the energy and power spectra. Softer energy spectra correspond to softer power spectra. That is to say, when the energy spectrum is soft, the power at high frequencies is suppressed. We also present the results of our monitoring of the H alpha line of the optical counterpart since its discovery in 2003. There is a correlation between the strength and shape of the H alpha line, originated in the circumstellar envelope of the massive companion and the X-ray emission from the vicinity of the neutron star. H alpha emission, indicative of an equatorial disc around the B-type star, is detected whenever the source is bright in X-rays. When the disc is absent, the X-ray emission decreases significantly. The long-term variability of SAX J2103.5+4545 is characterized by fast episodes of disc loss and subsequent reformation. The time-scales for the loss and reformation of the disc (about 2 yr) are the fastest among BeXs. C1 [Reig, P.; Slowikowska, A.; Zezas, A.] IESL, Fdn Res & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. [Reig, P.; Slowikowska, A.; Zezas, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Blay, P.] Univ Valencia, Image Proc Lab, Paterna Valencia 46071, Spain. RP Reig, P (reprint author), IESL, Fdn Res & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. EM pau@physics.uoc.gr RI Reig, Pablo/A-1198-2014; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011 OI Reig, Pablo/0000-0002-6446-3050; Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X FU European Union Marie Curie [MTKD-CT-2006-039965]; EU FP7 'Capacities' [206469]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [362/1/N-INTEGRAL]; CDS, Strasbourg, France; University of Crete; Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas; Max-Planck Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik FX We thank all the observers that helped obtain the optical spectra: P. Berlind and M. Calkins from FLW observatory and A. Manousakis, M. Lanzara, E. Beklen and E. Nespoli from the SKI observatory. This work has been supported in part by the European Union Marie Curie grant MTKD-CT-2006-039965 and EU FP7 'Capacities' GA No206469. A. Slowikowska is partially supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education project 362/1/N-INTEGRAL (2009-2012). This work has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services and of the SIMBAD data base, operated at the CDS, Strasbourg, France. The ASM light curve was obtained from the quick-look results provided by the RXTE/ASM team. SWIFT/BAT transient monitor results provided by the SWIFT/BAT team. SKI Observatory is a collaborative project of the University of Crete, the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas and the Max-Planck Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik. NR 65 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15656.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534AE UT WOS:000272867100020 ER PT J AU Risaliti, G Imanishi, M Sani, E AF Risaliti, G. Imanishi, M. Sani, E. TI A quantitative determination of the AGN content in local ULIRGs through L-band spectroscopy SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies ID ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; MU-M SPECTROSCOPY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS; ENERGY-SOURCES; SAMPLE; SPECTRA AB We present a quantitative estimate of the relative active galactic nucleus (AGN)/starburst content in a sample of 59 nearby (z < 0.15) infrared bright ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) taken from the 1-Jy sample, based on infrared L-band (3-4 mu m) spectra. By using diagnostic diagrams and a simple deconvolution model, we show that at least 60 per cent of local ULIRGs contain an active nucleus, but the AGN contribution to the bolometric luminosity is relevant only in similar to 15-20 per cent of the sources. Overall, ULIRGs appear to be powered by the starburst process, responsible for > 85 per cent of the observed infrared luminosity. The subsample of sources optically classified as low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs; 31 objects) shows a similar AGN/starburst distribution as the whole sample, indicating a composite nature for this class of objects. We also show that a few ULIRGs, optically classified as starbursts, have L-band spectral features suggesting the presence of a buried AGN. C1 [Risaliti, G.] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Risaliti, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Imanishi, M.] Natl Astron Observ, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Sani, E.] Univ Firenze, Dipartimento Astron, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Risaliti, G (reprint author), INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, Lgo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM risaliti@arcetri.astro.it OI Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X FU [ASI-INAF I/023/05/0] FX We are grateful to the referee for his/her constructive comments which significantly helped to improve this paper. This work has been partially supported by contract ASI-INAF I/023/05/0. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 1 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15622.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 534AE UT WOS:000272867100032 ER PT J AU Benson, RBJ Carrano, MT Brusatte, SL AF Benson, Roger B. J. Carrano, Matthew T. Brusatte, Stephen L. TI A new clade of archaic large-bodied predatory dinosaurs (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) that survived to the latest Mesozoic SO NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN LA English DT Article DE Neovenatoridae; Megaraptora; Cretaceous; Gondwanan biogeography; Dinosaur evolution ID MEGARAPTOR-NAMUNHUAIQUII; PATAGONIA; EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENY; AUSTRALIA; ARGENTINA; MAMMALS; CHINA; BIRDS; GEN. AB Non-avian theropod dinosaurs attained large body sizes, monopolising terrestrial apex predator niches in the Jurassic-Cretaceous. From the Middle Jurassic onwards, Allosauroidea and Megalosauroidea comprised almost all large-bodied predators for 85 million years. Despite their enormous success, however, they are usually considered absent from terminal Cretaceous ecosystems, replaced by tyrannosaurids and abelisaurids. We demonstrate that the problematic allosauroids Aerosteon, Australovenator, Fukuiraptor and Neovenator form a previously unrecognised but ecologically diverse and globally distributed clade (Neovenatoridae, new clade) with the hitherto enigmatic theropods Chilantaisaurus, Megaraptor and the Maastrichtian Orkoraptor. This refutes the notion that allosauroid extinction pre-dated the end of the Mesozoic. Neovenatoridae includes a derived group (Megaraptora, new clade) that developed long, raptorial forelimbs, cursorial hind limbs, appendicular pneumaticity and small size, features acquired convergently in bird-line theropods. Neovenatorids thus occupied a 14-fold adult size range from 175 kg (Fukuiraptor) to approximately 2,500 kg (Chilantaisaurus). Recognition of this major allosauroid radiation has implications for Gondwanan paleobiogeography: The distribution of early Cretaceous allosauroids does not strongly support the vicariant hypothesis of southern dinosaur evolution or any particular continental breakup sequence or dispersal scenario. Instead, clades were nearly cosmopolitan in their early history, and later distributions are explained by sampling failure or local extinction. C1 [Benson, Roger B. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Carrano, Matthew T.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Brusatte, Stephen L.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Div Paleontol, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Brusatte, Stephen L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Benson, RBJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. EM rbb27@cam.ac.uk RI Benson, Roger/A-1252-2011; Carrano, Matthew/C-7601-2011; OI Carrano, Matthew/0000-0003-2129-1612; Brusatte, Stephen/0000-0001-7525-7319; Benson, Roger/0000-0001-8244-6177 FU NSF; Palaeontographical Society and the Jurassic Foundation FX SLB is supported by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship at Columbia University. Specimen visits central to this study were funded by the Palaeontographical Society and the Jurassic Foundation. We thank numerous curators and researchers for access to specimens in their care, primarily J. Calvo, S. Chapman, S. Hutt, R. Masek, P. C. Sereno and X. Xu. NR 39 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0028-1042 EI 1432-1904 J9 NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN JI Naturwissenschaften PD JAN PY 2010 VL 97 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s00114-009-0614-x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 534QL UT WOS:000272912100008 PM 19826771 ER PT J AU Kanzaki, N Giblin-Davis, RM Herre, EA Center, BJ AF Kanzaki, Natsumi Giblin-Davis, Robin M. Herre, E. Allen Center, Barbara J. TI Redescription of two Panamanian nematodes, Parasitodiplogaster citrinema Poinar & Herre, 1991 and P. popenema Poinar & Herre, 1991 (Nematoda: Diplogastrina) SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ficus citrifolia; Ficus popenoei; morphology; morphometrics; redescription; syconia; taxonomy ID FIG WASPS; AGAONIDAE; PARASITE; FICUS; DNA AB Parasitodiplogaster citrinema and P. popenema were re-isolated from syconia of Ficus citrifolia and F. popenoei, respectively, from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and are redescribed and figured herein. Both of these species were previously described as having a "well-developed stoma" and in the case of P. popenema with "stoma slightly longer than wide". Re-examination of fresh material revealed that they share characteristic stomatal morphology, i.e., relatively wide and tube-like stomas with newly observed thorn-like stegostomatal teeth. This is distinctive from the other described Parasitodiplogaster species, which either have a relatively short and narrow stoma with protuberant, claw-like, teeth or a simple cylinder. In addition to the characters of the male papillae arrangement and spicule and gubernaculum morphology, these two species are distinguished from each other by newly-observed lip morphology characters, viz., P. citrinema has three small setae on the outer surface of each lip sector whereas P. popenema has smooth lips. Both P. citrinema and P. popenema appear typologically closest to P. sycophilon, which has a relatively wide and open stoma and seven pairs of male genital papillae, but were distinguished from P. sycophilon by the presence of stegostomatal teeth and the arrangement of the genital papillae. C1 [Kanzaki, Natsumi; Giblin-Davis, Robin M.; Center, Barbara J.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Kanzaki, Natsumi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Forest Pathol Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Herre, E. Allen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Kanzaki, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM nkanzaki@affrc.go.jp RI Kanzaki, Natsumi/A-3864-2012 OI Kanzaki, Natsumi/0000-0001-8752-1674 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0450537, DEB-0640807]; The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [21770094] FX This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) Biotic Surveys and Inventories projects (DEB-0450537; DEB-0640807) and Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (No. 21770094) from The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. Special thanks to Dr Annette Aiello for processing specimens for the collections in Panama. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2010 VL 12 BP 89 EP 104 DI 10.1163/156854109X448366 PN 1 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 577BW UT WOS:000276196900006 ER PT J AU Kanzaki, N Giblin-Davis, RM Wcislo, WT Zeng, YS Ye, WM Center, BJ Esquivel, A Thomas, WK AF Kanzaki, Natsumi Giblin-Davis, Robin M. Wcislo, William T. Zeng, Yongsan Ye, Weimin Center, Barbara J. Esquivel, Alejandro Thomas, W. Kelley TI Acrostichus megaloptae n. sp (Nematoda: Diplogastridae), a phoretic associate of Megalopta spp. (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) in Central America SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE halictid bees; molecular; morphology; morphometrics; new species; phylogeny; taxonomy ID PARASITAPHELENCHIDAE; BEES; TURKEY AB Adults of the dusk-flying and rotting wood-nesting bees Megalopta genalis and/or M. ecuadoria were collected at Barro Colorado Island, The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (BCI, STRI), Panama and La Selva, Costa Rica, and examined for nematodes. Nematodes were recovered as dauer juveniles from the Dufour's gland of female bees and aedeagus of male bees. Adult nematodes isolated from M. genalis (BCI and La Selva) and M. ecuadoria (BCI) were successfully cultured and kept in the laboratory. All three populations were used for morphological observations and molecular analyses and were identified as a new species that is described herein as Acrostichus megaloptae n. sp. It is characterised by its stomatal morphology, possession of six triangular cuticle flaps covering stomatal opening, duplicated cheilo- and gymnostomatal walls, large dorsal tooth and sclerotised ventral stegostomatal ridges, female with vulval flap, male spicule and gubernaculum morphology, i.e., relatively straight spicule with oval-shaped manubrium, rounded flap-like rostrum and separated and strongly ventrally curved spicule with bifurcate tip, gubernaculum L-shaped in lateral view and anchor-shaped in ventral view, and filiform tail of both sexes. Sequences from the three A. megaloptae n. sp. geographical/host isolates were not significantly different and molecular phylogenetic analysis and biological and morphological comparisons place the new species close to A. halicti from Halictus ligatus and A. puri from Augochlora pura from North America, although the new species is distinguished from A. halicti and A. puri based upon its stomatal morphology of males and females, male spicule and gubernaculum morphology and female vulval structure. C1 [Kanzaki, Natsumi; Giblin-Davis, Robin M.; Zeng, Yongsan; Ye, Weimin; Center, Barbara J.] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Kanzaki, Natsumi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Forest Pathol Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Wcislo, William T.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Ye, Weimin; Thomas, W. Kelley] Univ New Hampshire, Hubbard Ctr Genome Studies, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Esquivel, Alejandro] Univ Nacl, Escuela Ciencias Agr, Nematol Lab, Heredia, Costa Rica. RP Kanzaki, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, IFAS, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM nkanzaki@affrc.go.jp RI Kanzaki, Natsumi/A-3864-2012 OI Kanzaki, Natsumi/0000-0001-8752-1674 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0228692, DEB-0450537, DEB-0640807]; USDA Special Grant in Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture [CRSR-99-34135-8478] FX This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Tree of Life project (DEB 0228692), NSF Biotic Surveys and Inventories projects (DEB-0450537; DEB-0640807) and USDA Special Grant in Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture CRSR-99-34135-8478. We thank the Organization for Tropical Studies for access to La Selva for sampling; National Commission on Biodiversity Management (CONAGEBIO) and University of Costa Rica's Biodiversity Commission (UCR/BC) for granting collecting permits (001-2005-OT-CONAGEBIO, UCR/BC-2006-2008) and material transfer agreements for transfer of biological materials from Maria de los Angeles Mora Lopez, holder of collecting permit. The Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular (CIBCM) at the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica. Universidad Nacional at Heredia and Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica provided logistical and facilities support in Costa Rica. We are grateful to Deedra McClearn and Zak Zahawi for providing facilities at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. We also thank Quinn McFrederick for providing his unpublished data and Karen Kapheim, Adam Smith, Nicole DeCrappeo and Claudia Vanderbilt for assistance with collecting and identifying bees at Barro Colorado Island, Panama in 1997 and 2008. Special thanks to the support of the faculty and staff at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Barro Colorado Island Field Station and Annette Aiello for processing specimens for the collections in Panama. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2010 VL 12 BP 453 EP 468 DI 10.1163/138855409X12559479585089 PN 3 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 626XM UT WOS:000280001600012 ER PT J AU Kanzaki, N Giblin-Davis, RM Herre, EA Scheffrahn, RH Center, BJ AF Kanzaki, Natsumi Giblin-Davis, Robin M. Allen Herre, E. Scheffrahn, Rudolf H. Center, Barbara J. TI Pseudaphelenchus vindai n. sp (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) associated with termites (Termitidae) in Barro Colorado Island, Panama SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE description; molecular; morphology; morphometrics; new species; phylogeny; taxonomy; termites ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; NEMATODE DIVERSITY; RHABDITIDA; RHINOTERMITIDAE; DIPLOGASTRIDAE; TYLENCHINA; ISOPTERA AB In 2008, a field survey of termite-associated nematodes was conducted on Barro Colorado Island, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (BCI, STRI), Panama. During that survey, an undescribed Pseudaphelenchus species was isolated from three species of subterranean termites, Amitermes beaumonti, Microcerotennes exiguous and Obtusitermes panamae. The nematode is described and figured herein as P vindai n. sp. The new species is morphologically similar to its only congener, P yukiae, i.e., these two species share a thin stylet with small and clear basal knobs, a true bursa supported by three bursal limb-like genital papillae and a nerve ring surrounding the anterior clear region of the pharyngeal gland lobe and intestine. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based upon near full length (at 1.7 kb) SSU ribosomal DNA sequence suggested that the new species forms a well supported clade with P. yukiae, at the basal position of the family Aphelenchoididae. The new species is distinguished from P yukiae by possessing a clear condylus and rostrum of the capitulum and arcuate calomus/lamina complex of the spicules vs no condylus and rostrum and a relatively straight calomus/lamina complex, long and tapering female tail without small mucro vs blunt with small mucro present and possession of lateral field with three incisures vs four incisures. C1 [Kanzaki, Natsumi; Giblin-Davis, Robin M.; Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.; Center, Barbara J.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Kanzaki, Natsumi] Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst, Forest Pathol Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan. [Allen Herre, E.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Kanzaki, N (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM nkanzaki@affrc.go.jp RI Kanzaki, Natsumi/A-3864-2012 OI Kanzaki, Natsumi/0000-0001-8752-1674 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0450537, DEB-0640807] FX This study was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Biotic Surveys and Inventories projects (DEB-0450537; DEB-0640807). Special thanks to Eric Ragsdale, University of California, and the faculty and staff at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Barro Colorado Island Field Station for assistance and Annette Aiello for processing specimens for the collections in Panama. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2010 VL 12 BP 905 EP 914 DI 10.1163/138855410X496187 PN 6 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 700WF UT WOS:000285774300008 ER PT J AU Banerjee, A Matthews, LD Jog, CJ AF Banerjee, Arunima Matthews, Lynn D. Jog, Chanda J. TI Dark matter dominance at all radii in the superthin galaxy UGC 7321 SO NEW ASTRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Galaxies: ISM; Galaxies: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxies: spiral; Galaxies: structure; Galaxies: halos; alaxies: individual: UGC 7321 ID SURFACE BRIGHTNESS GALAXIES; MILKY-WAY; GALACTIC DISK; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; ROTATION CURVES; SPIRAL GALAXIES; HI; HALO; MASS; GAS AB We model the shape and density profile of the dark matter halo of the low surface brightness, superthin galaxy UGC 7321, using the observed rotation curve and the Hi scale height data as simultaneous constraints. We treat the galaxy as a gravitationally coupled system of stars and gas, responding to the gravitational potential of the dark matter halo. An isothermal halo of spherical shape with a core density in the range of 0.039-0.057 M(circle dot) pc(-3) and a core radius between 2.5 and 2.9 kpc, gives the best fit to the observations for a range of realistic gas parameters assumed. We find that the best-fit core radius is only slightly higher than the stellar disc scale length (2.1 kpc), unlike the case of the high surface brightness galaxies where the halo core radius is typically 3-4 times the disc scale length of the stars. Thus our model shows that the dark matter halo dominates the dynamics of the low surface brightness, superthin galaxy UGC 7321 at all radii, including the inner parts of the galaxy. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Banerjee, Arunima; Jog, Chanda J.] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Matthews, Lynn D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Banerjee, A (reprint author), Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. EM arunima_banerjee@physics.iisc.ernet.in; lmatthew@haystack.mit.edu; cjjog@physics.iisc.ernet.in NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-1076 J9 NEW ASTRON JI New Astron. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.newast.2009.05.015 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 504SP UT WOS:000270638000012 ER PT J AU Levesque, EM AF Levesque, Emily M. TI The physical properties of red supergiants SO NEW ASTRONOMY REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Stars: fundamental parameters; Stars: atmospheres; Stars: evolution; Stars: late-type; Supergiants ID VY-CANIS-MAJORIS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; MASS-LOSS RATES; LATE-TYPE STARS; CURRENTLY FORMING STARS; ANDROMEDA GALAXY M31; GIANT BRANCH STARS; SUPER-AGB STARS; M-CIRCLE-DOT; DUST SHELLS AB Red supergiants (RSGs) are an evolved He-burning phase in the lifetimes of moderately high mass (10-25M(circle dot)) stars. The physical properties of these stars mark them as an important and extreme stage of massive stellar evolution, but determining these properties has been a struggle for many years. The cool extended atmospheres of RSGs place them in an extreme position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and present a significant challenge to the conventional assumptions of stellar atmosphere models. The dusty circumstellar environments of these stars can potentially complicate the determination of their physical properties, and unusual RSGs in the Milky Way and neighboring galaxies present a suite of enigmatic properties and behaviors that strain, and sometimes even defy, the predictions of stellar evolutionary theory. However, in recent years our understanding of RSGs, including the models and methods applied to our observations and interpretations of these stars, has changed and grown dramatically. This review looks back at some of the latest work that has progressed our understanding of RSGs, and considers the many new questions posed by our ever-evolving picture of these cool massive stars. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Levesque, Emily M.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Levesque, EM (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM emsque@ifa.hawaii.edu FU Ford Foundation FX Ongoing collaboration and correspondence with Phil Massey was invaluable during the preparation of this manuscript. In addition, this review has benefited from collaborations and conversations with Phil Bennett, Geoff Clayton, Peter Conti, Eric Josselin, Andre Maeder, Georges Meynet, Knut Olsen, Bertrand Plez, David Silva, and Brian Skiff. This work has been supported in part through a Ford Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship. NR 130 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1387-6473 J9 NEW ASTRON REV JI New Astron. Rev. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.newar.2009.10.002 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 715CO UT WOS:000286858200001 ER PT B AU Murray-Clay, RA AF Murray-Clay, Ruth A. BE Stanford, LM Green, JD Hao, L Mao, Y TI Frontier Planets: Wide Separation Giants and Planet Formation SO NEW HORIZONS IN ASTRONOMY: FRANK N BASH SYMPOSIUM 2009 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frank N Bash Symposium on New Horizons in Astronomy CY OCT 18-20, 2009 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP McDonald Observ HO Univ Texas ID NEPTUNE-MASS PLANET; BROWN-DWARF DESERT; SYSTEM HR 8799; SUN-LIKE STAR; GRAVITATIONAL-INSTABILITY; KUIPER-BELT; PROTOPLANETARY CORES; DEBRIS DISK; BLACK-HOLES; FOMALHAUT B AB With almost 400 planets currently known, the study of extrasolar planetary systems has blossomed into a rich field. Still, large classes of planets are predicted to exist but remain to be discovered. Here, I selectively review the state of exoplanetary science and focus on one observationally-driven frontier. Massive planets at wide separations from their host stars have now been directly imaged. I discuss how the interplay between theory and observation at this frontier offers a window into both the phenomenological question of what types of planets and planetary systems exist and the theoretical question of how they came to be. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Murray-Clay, RA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-744-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 432 BP 98 EP 115 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUN19 UT WOS:000289818500007 ER PT J AU Marten-Rodriguez, S Fenster, CB Agnarsson, I Skog, LE Zimmer, EA AF Marten-Rodriguez, Silvana Fenster, Charles B. Agnarsson, Ingi Skog, Laurence E. Zimmer, Elizabeth A. TI Evolutionary breakdown of pollination specialization in a Caribbean plant radiation SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Antilles; autogamy; floral traits; G-CYCLOIDEA (GCYC); Gesneriaceae; internal transcribed spacer (ITS); islands; phylogeny; pollination systems ID REPRODUCTIVE ASSURANCE; PHYLOGENETIC PERSPECTIVE; MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS; HUMMINGBIRD POLLINATION; FLORAL SPECIALIZATION; BREEDING SYSTEMS; GESNERIACEAE; FLOWER; TRAITS; SOLANACEAE AB P>Ecological generalization is postulated to be the rule in plant-pollinator interactions; however, the evolution of generalized flowers from specialized ancestors has rarely been demonstrated. This study examines the evolution of pollination and breeding systems in the tribe Gesnerieae (Gesneriaceae), an Antillean plant radiation that includes specialized and generalized species. Phylogenetic reconstruction was based on two nDNA markers (internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and G-CYCLOIDEA (GCYC) and morphology. The total evidence Bayesian phylogeny was used for assessment of floral character evolution using Bayesian stochastic character mapping. Mapping of the pollination system resulted in at least two origins of bat pollination and two origins of generalized pollination (bats, moths and hummingbirds). The evolution of bat pollination was associated with floral transitions reflecting the chiropterophilous floral syndrome. The evolution of generalization was associated with subcampanulate corollas. Autonomous breeding systems evolved only in hummingbird-pollinated lineages. The correlated evolution of floral traits and pollination systems provides support for the pollination syndrome concept. Floral transitions may have been favored by the low frequency of hummingbird visitation in the Antilles, while the presence of autonomous pollination may have allowed the diversification of ornithophilous lineages. Results suggest that pollinator depauperate faunas on islands select for the evolution of reproductive assurance mechanisms, including generalization and autogamy. C1 [Marten-Rodriguez, Silvana] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Marten-Rodriguez, Silvana; Fenster, Charles B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. [Skog, Laurence E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Zimmer, Elizabeth A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Lab Analyt Biol, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Marten-Rodriguez, S (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM smartenr@gmail.com RI Zimmer, Elizabeth/G-3890-2011 FU The Gesneriad Society; The Explorers Club-Washington Group; Graduate Women in Science; University of Maryland; Smithsonian Institution; NSF [DDIG 0710196]; Sigma Xi; Bamford FX We are grateful to Abel Almarales, Tirzah Breslar, Teodoro Clase, Julie Cridland, Xin-Sheng Chen, Michel Faife, Bryan Gough, Daniel Growald, Joe Hereford, Carlo Moreno, Brigido Peguero, and Daniel Stanton for help conducting field work. We thank Stacy DeWitt Smith and Paul Wilson for insightful revisions on earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank the Institute of Jamaica, and Jardin Botanico de Santo Domingo for logistical support and John L. Clark for contributing tissue samples of Rhytidophyllum crenulatum. We thank Pedro Acevedo, David Erickson, Chris Huddleston, Akito Kawahara, and Ken Wurdack for support and advice provided during various stages of the project. Funding was provided by The Gesneriad Society, The Explorers Club-Washington Group, Graduate Women in Science, Sigma Xi, Bamford Fund and BEES Program (University of Maryland), Smithsonian Institution, and NSF DDIG 0710196 to S.M.R. and C.B.F. NR 79 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 188 IS 2 BP 403 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03330.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 655DW UT WOS:000282225000011 PM 20561209 ER PT J AU Kraft, NJB Metz, MR Condit, RS Chave, J AF Kraft, Nathan J. B. Metz, Margaret R. Condit, Richard S. Chave, Jerome TI The relationship between wood density and mortality in a global tropical forest data set SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical model; demography; functional traits; life history trade-offs; long-term ecological research; phylogenetic independent contrasts; trait conservatism ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; NEOTROPICAL TREE; RAIN-FOREST; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; NICHE CONSERVATISM; PLANT ECOLOGY; GROWTH; STRATEGIES; DIVERSITY AB P>Wood density is thought to be an important indicator of plant life history because it is coupled to many aspects of whole-plant form and function. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach to explain variation in mortality rates with wood density, drawing on data for 765 500 trees from 1639 species at 10 sites located across the Old and New World tropics. Mortality rates declined with increasing wood density at five of 10 sites. Similar negative trends were detected at four additional sites, while one site showed no relationship. Our model explained 40% of variation in mortality on average. Both wood density and mortality rates show a high degree of phylogenetic conservatism. Grouping species by family across sites in a second analysis, we found considerable variation in the relationship between wood density and mortality, with 10 of 27 families demonstrating a strong negative relationship. Our results highlight the importance of wood density as a functional trait in tropical forests, as it is strongly linked to variation in survival. However, the relationship varied among families, plots, and even census intervals within sites, indicating that the factors responsible for the relationship between wood density and mortality vary spatially, taxonomically and temporally. C1 [Kraft, Nathan J. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Metz, Margaret R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Condit, Richard S.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Chave, Jerome] Univ Toulouse 3, CNRS, Lab Evolut & Divers Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Kraft, NJB (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM nkraft@biodiversity.ubc.ca RI Kraft, Nathan/A-2817-2012 OI Kraft, Nathan/0000-0001-8867-7806 FU NSERC FX N.J.B.K. acknowledges funding from the NSERC CREATE Training Program in Biodiversity Research. This manuscript was improved by discussion and suggestions from D. Ackerly, B. Choat, W. Cornwell, P. Cowan, S. Kembel, D. King, L. Poorter, K. Simonin, E. Sudderth, A. Zanne and one anonymous reviewer. N. Swenson generously contributed unpublished wood density data. We are grateful for the efforts of everyone who has contributed to the forest census plots associated with the Center for Tropical Forest Science of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, as well as to people of the countries in which the plots are located for permitting this ongoing research. NR 62 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 67 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 188 IS 4 BP 1124 EP 1136 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03444.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 678LG UT WOS:000284074900020 PM 21058950 ER PT J AU Kitajima, K Poorter, L AF Kitajima, Kaoru Poorter, Lourens TI Tissue-level leaf toughness, but not lamina thickness, predicts sapling leaf lifespan and shade tolerance of tropical tree species SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE herbivory; leaf functional traits; leaf lifespan; leaf toughness; ontogenetic shifts; sapling shade tolerance; structural equation modeling; tropical trees ID TRADE-OFFS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WOODY-PLANTS; BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; LIGHT REQUIREMENTS; FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; FOREST; LEAVES AB P>Leaf toughness is thought to enhance physical defense and leaf lifespan. Here, we evaluated the relative importance of tissue-level leaf traits vs lamina thickness, as well as their ontogenetic changes, for structure-level leaf toughness and regeneration ecology of 19 tropical tree species. We measured the fracture toughness of the laminas and veins of sapling leaves with shearing tests, and used principal component analysis and structural equation modeling to evaluate the multivariate relationships among traits that contribute to leaf toughness and their links to ecological performance traits. Tissue traits (density and fracture toughness of lamina and vein) were correlated positively with each other, but independent of lamina thickness. The tissue traits and lamina thickness contributed additively to the structure-level toughness (leaf mass per area and work-to-shear). Species with dense and tough leaves as saplings also had dense and tough leaves as seedlings and adults. The patterns of ontogenetic change in trait values differed between the seedling-to-sapling and sapling-to-adult transitions. The fracture toughness and tissue density of laminas and veins, but not the lamina thickness, were correlated positively with leaf lifespan and sapling survival, and negatively with herbivory rate and sapling regeneration light requirements, indicating the importance of tissue-level leaf traits. C1 [Kitajima, Kaoru] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kitajima, Kaoru] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Poorter, Lourens] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Poorter, Lourens] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Resource Ecol Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Poorter, Lourens] Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. RP Kitajima, K (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM kitajima@ufl.edu RI Kitajima, Kaoru/E-8877-2012 FU Wageningen Graduate School Production Ecology and Resource Conservation FX We acknowledge Frans Bongers, Danae Rozendaal and Diego Adamo for help with collection of part of the leaf data, Peter Lucas for generous support with fracture toughness measurement techniques, and Yusuke Onoda, Jared Westbrook, David Ackerly, Peter Grubb and an anonymous reviewer for constructive discussions and comments on the manuscript. LP was supported by a full fellowship and KK by a visitor's fellowship from the Wageningen Graduate School Production Ecology and Resource Conservation. NR 67 TC 93 Z9 98 U1 6 U2 70 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 186 IS 3 BP 708 EP 721 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03212.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 582RY UT WOS:000276617600018 PM 20298481 ER PT J AU Nottingham, AT Turner, BL Winter, K van der Heijden, MGA Tanner, EVJ AF Nottingham, Andrew T. Turner, Benjamin L. Winter, Klaus van der Heijden, Marcel G. A. Tanner, Edmund V. J. TI Arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelial respiration in a moist tropical forest SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE carbon cycle; fine roots; mycelia; mycorrhizas; Pseudobombax septenatum; soil CO(2) efflux; soil microbes; tropical forest ID ROOT RESPIRATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; AMAZON FOREST; CO2 EFFLUX; CARBON; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GRASSLAND; FUNGI; QUANTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE AB P>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread in tropical forests and represent a major sink of photosynthate, yet their contribution to soil respiration in such ecosystems remains unknown. Using in-growth mesocosms we measured AMF mycelial respiration in two separate experiments: (1) an experiment in a semi-evergreen moist tropical forest, and (2) an experiment with 6-m-tall Pseudobombax septenatum in 4.5-m3 containers, for which we also determined the dependence of AMF mycelial respiration on the supply of carbon from the plant using girdling and root-cutting treatments. In the forest, AMF mycelia respired carbon at a rate of 1.4 t ha-1 yr-1, which accounted for 14 +/- 6% of total soil respiration and 26 +/- 12% of root-derived respiration. For P. septenatum, 40 +/- 6% of root-derived respiration originated from AMF mycelia and carbon was respired < 4 h after its supply from roots. We conclude that arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelial respiration can be substantial in lowland tropical forests. As it is highly dependent on the recent supply of carbon from roots, a function of aboveground fixation, AMF mycelial respiration is therefore an important pathway of carbon flux from tropical forest trees to the atmosphere. C1 [Nottingham, Andrew T.; Tanner, Edmund V. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Turner, Benjamin L.; Winter, Klaus] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa 084303092, Ancon, Panama. [van der Heijden, Marcel G. A.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst Ecol Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [van der Heijden, Marcel G. A.] Swiss Fed Res Inst Agroscope, Res Stn ART, Zurich, Switzerland. [van der Heijden, Marcel G. A.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, Inst Environm Biol, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Nottingham, AT (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. EM atn24@cam.ac.uk RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; van der Heijden, Marcel/H-5243-2011 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; FU NERC [NER/S/A/2004/12241A]; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank Jorge Aranda, Lucas Cernusak, Ludo Luckerhoff, Scott Mangan, Catherine Potvin, Tania Romero, Emma Sayer, Michael Tobin and Didimo Urena for their support. We thank David Wardle and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. The project was funded by a NERC grant (NER/S/A/2004/12241A) and a Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Short-Term Fellowship to ATN. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 68 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 186 IS 4 BP 957 EP 967 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03226.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 594HK UT WOS:000277526900017 PM 20345636 ER PT J AU Huynh, HM Williams, GR McAlpine, DF Thorington, RW AF Huynh, Howard M. Williams, Geoffrey R. McAlpine, Donald F. Thorington, Richard W., Jr. TI Establishment of the Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) in Nova Scotia, Canada SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Sciurus carolinensis (Eastern Gray Squirrel) is one of the most recognized sciurids in North America. Since 1930, apparently isolated Nova Scotia sightings of Eastern Gray Squirrel have been believed to result from captive releases or escapes. However, the species was not believed to have become established in the province. Here we report first evidence that the Eastern Gray Squirrel is now present as a breeding mammal in Nova Scotia. C1 [Huynh, Howard M.; Williams, Geoffrey R.] Acadia Univ, Dept Biol, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada. [Huynh, Howard M.; McAlpine, Donald F.] New Brunswick Museum, Dept Nat Sci, St John, NB E2K 1E5, Canada. [Williams, Geoffrey R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Thorington, Richard W., Jr.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Div Mammals, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Huynh, HM (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM huynh.hm@rogers.com RI Williams, Geoffrey/C-9637-2015 OI Williams, Geoffrey/0000-0002-0093-1126 FU New Brunswick Museum FX We thank James Wolford for providing information and records of Eastern Gray Squirrels in Nova Scotia, and Fred Scott for allowing necropsy of the specimen deposited in the Acadia Wildlife Museum. Thanks to Allan Bland, Mark Elderkin, Pamela Mills, and Julie Towers at NSDNR for forwarding the Windsor specimen to us for examination and for assistance with permits. H.M. Huynh and G.R. Williams would like to extend their gratitude and appreciation to Ed and Mary Anne Sulis for permitting trapping on their property in Kentville. H.M. Huynh would like to thank Brian Wilson for advice and assistance, Andrew Hebda for helpful discussions and bringing the Halifax Evening Express report to our attention, and Donald Stewart and the New Brunswick Museum for continued support during his studies and research at Acadia University. This work was funded in part by the New Brunswick Museum Florence M. Christie Fellowship in Zoology to H.M. Huynh. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 673 EP 677 DI 10.1656/045.017.0414 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V22RJ UT WOS:000208292000014 ER PT S AU Petitpas, G Zhang, QZ Katz, C Patel, N Blundell, R AF Petitpas, Glen Zhang, Qizhou Katz, Charles Patel, Nimesh Blundell, Raymond BE Silva, DR Peck, AB Soifer, BT TI Partner Time Sharing at the Submillimeter Array SO OBSERVATORY OPERATIONS: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND SYSTEMS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems III CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Telescope operations; Observatory scheduling AB The Submillimeter Array (SMA) is an 8-element interferometer which operates in the 180-700 GHz range located atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It is a collaborative project between the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA) and is funded by the Smithsonian Institution and the Academia Sinica. The University of Hawaii (UH) receives a fixed percentage of all time on the telescopes of Mauna Kea. As such, the observing time at the SMA is shared among these partners at the SAO: ASIAA: UH levels of 72: 15: 13. The nature of interferometric observing makes keeping track of these partner shares challenging. Since a typical successful interferometric observation could last anywhere from 3-10 hours for it to have sufficient uv-coverage, it does not necessarily make sense to divide the observing time up simply by counting hours. In this talk I will summarize the strategy devised at the SMA for keeping track of partner time shares as well as the tools used to make these numbers transparent to all affiliations. C1 [Petitpas, Glen; Zhang, Qizhou; Katz, Charles; Patel, Nimesh; Blundell, Raymond] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Petitpas, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gpetitpas@cfa.harvard.edu OI Zhang, Qizhou/0000-0003-2384-6589 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-227-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7737 AR 77370X DI 10.1117/12.858051 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU48 UT WOS:000285827700020 ER PT S AU Comizzoli, P Songsasen, N Wildt, DE AF Comizzoli, Pierre Songsasen, Nucharin Wildt, David E. BE Woodruff, TK Zoloth, L CampoEngelstein, L Rodriguez, S TI Protecting and Extending Fertility for Females of Wild and Endangered Mammals SO ONCOFERTILITY: ETHICAL, LEGAL , SOCIAL, AND MEDICAL PERSPECTIVES SE Cancer Treatment and Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-VITRO; DOMESTIC CAT; REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; ARTIFICIAL-INSEMINATION; OOCYTE QUALITY; FOLLICLES; CRYOPRESERVATION; CONSERVATION; MATURATION C1 [Comizzoli, Pierre] Vet Hosp, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC USA. [Wildt, David E.] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Comizzoli, P (reprint author), Vet Hosp, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC USA. EM comizzolip@si.edu; songsasenn@si.edu; wildtd@si.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [5RL1HD058296, RL1 HD058296-03, RL1 HD058296]; NIDCR NIH HHS [UL1 DE019587, UL1 DE019587-03, 8UL1DE019587]; NIH HHS [R01 OD010948] NR 58 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-3042 BN 978-1-4419-6517-2 J9 CANCER TREAT RES JI Canc. Treat. Res. PY 2010 VL 156 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9 PG 14 WC Oncology; Reproductive Biology SC Oncology; Reproductive Biology GA BQX48 UT WOS:000282063100007 PM 20811827 ER PT S AU Potts, R Teague, R AF Potts, Richard Teague, Robin BE Fleagle, JG Shea, JJ Grine, FE Baden, AL Leakey, RE TI Behavioral and Environmental Background to 'Out-of-Africa I' and the Arrival of Homo erectus in East Asia SO OUT OF AFRICA I: THE FIRST HOMININ COLONIZATION OF EURASIA SE Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Adaptability; East Asia; Geographic dispersal; Homo erectus; Nihewan; Paleoenvironment; Plio-Pleistocene fauna; Yuanmou ID AHL-AL-OUGHLAM; LAKE TURKANA BASIN; LATE PLIOCENE; ARABIAN PENINSULA; NORTHEAST ASIA; HOMINOID TEETH; SOUTH CHINA; CASABLANCA; DISPERSAL; GEORGIA AB Current evidence of hominin fossils and artifacts in China and Indonesia points to the arrival and persistence of the genus Homo in East Asia by 1.7 million years ago (Ma). By at least 1.66 Ma, East Asian hominins had spread across a wide range of biotic and climatic zones, spanning 7 degrees S-40 degrees N on the basis of well-constrained age data from the Nihewan and Yuanmou basins, China, and Sangiran, Indonesia. Archeological assemblages and fragmentary hominin morphology show strong similarities with African Oldowan hominin toolmakers and early Homo erectus, although the taxonomic status of the oldest known Asian hominins is not yet securely established. Despite this apparent derivation of East Asian from African hominins, an initial comparison of large mammal faunas offers little evidence of 'fellow travelers', i.e., a set of African mammalian species that co-dispersed with Homo to East Asia. We offer three hypotheses to account for the existing data: (1) unique hominin dispersal, in which no other African mammals were involved; (2) African fellow travelers, in which Homo and a small number of other mammals reached western Eurasia, yet hominins dispersed independently to more distant regions; and (3) relay dispersal, in which Homo always dispersed as part of an ecological community but in association with a different set of mammalian species from one region to another. C1 [Potts, Richard; Teague, Robin] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Potts, R (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Human Origins Program, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM pottsr@si.edu; teaguer@si.edu NR 115 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-9077 BN 978-90-481-9035-5 J9 VERTEBR PALEOBIOL PA JI Vertebr. Paleobiol. Paleoanthropol. PY 2010 BP 67 EP 85 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9036-2 PG 19 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Architecture; Paleontology SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Architecture; Paleontology GA BQU32 UT WOS:000281864400005 ER PT B AU Traub, WA Lawson, PR Unwin, SC Muterspaugh, MW Soummer, R Danchi, WC Hinz, P Gaudi, BS Torres, G Deming, D Lazio, J Dressler, A AF Traub, W. A. Lawson, P. R. Unwin, S. C. Muterspaugh, M. W. Soummer, R. Danchi, W. C. Hinz, P. Gaudi, B. S. Torres, G. Deming, D. Lazio, J. Dressler, A. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Exoplanets Forum 2008 SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB The Exoplanets Forum 2008 meeting led to a book Exoplanet Community Report with about 180 authors from the exoplanet community. This book describes eight technique-oriented methods for detecting and characterizing exoplanets, with an emphasis on space missions. The topics are astrometry, optical imaging, infrared imaging, exozodiacal disks, microlensing, radial velocity, transits, and magnetospheric emission. Several of these techniques have counterparts in proposed space mission studies carried out under the Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concept Studies (ASMCS) program in 2008-9, and the exoplanet-related Astro2010 studies in 2009. The Forum meeting, through the vehicle of its resulting book, provides a snapshot of the science and potential missions for exoplanets during this period, and as such should provide a relevant reference for several years to come. C1 [Traub, W. A.; Lawson, P. R.; Unwin, S. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Muterspaugh, M. W.] Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Soummer, R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Danchi, W. C.; Deming, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hinz, P.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Gaudi, B. S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Torres, G.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lazio, J.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Dressler, A.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 94305 USA. RP Traub, WA (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, M-S 301-451,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM wtraub@jpl.nasa.gov; Peter.R.Lawson@jpl.nasa.gov; soummer@stsci.edu; william.c.danchi@nasa.gov RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 21 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800003 ER PT B AU Sozzetti, A Afonso, C Alonso, R Blank, DL Catala, C Deeg, H Grenfell, JL Hellier, C Latham, DW Minniti, D Pont, F Rauer, H AF Sozzetti, A. Afonso, C. Alonso, R. Blank, D. L. Catala, C. Deeg, H. Grenfell, J. L. Hellier, C. Latham, D. W. Minniti, D. Pont, F. Rauer, H. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Blue Dots Team Transits Working Group Review SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID RADIAL-VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS; EXTRASOLAR PLANET; ECCENTRIC ORBIT; HOT-JUPITER; SUPER-EARTH; LOW-DENSITY; STAR; ATMOSPHERE; EXOPLANETS; EVOLUTION AB Transiting planet systems offer an unique opportunity to observationally constrain proposed models of the interiors (radius, composition) and atmospheres (chemistry, dynamics) of extrasolar planets. The spectacular successes of ground-based transit surveys (more than 60 transiting systems known to-date) and the host of multi-wavelength, spectro-photometric follow-up studies, carried out in particular by FIST and Spitzer, have paved the way to the next generation of transit search projects, which are currently ongoing (CoRoT, Kepler), or planned. The possibility of detecting and characterizing transiting Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone of their parent stars appears tantalizingly close. In this contribution we briefly review the power of the transit technique for characterization of extrasolar planets, summarize the state of the art of both ground-based and space-borne transit search programs, and illustrate how the science of planetary transits fits within the Blue Dots perspective. C1 [Sozzetti, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, Str Osservatorio 20, Pino Torinese, Italy. [Afonso, C.] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Alonso, R.] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Blank, D. L.] James Cook Univ, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Catala, C.] LESI Observat, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Deeg, H.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Grenfell, J. L.] Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Hellier, C.] Keele Univ, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Latham, D. W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Minniti, D.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Santiago 22, Chile. [Pont, F.] Univ Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Rauer, H.] Inst Planetary Res, DRL, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. RP Sozzetti, A (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, Str Osservatorio 20, Pino Torinese, Italy. EM sozzetti@oato.inaf.it; Claude.Catala@obspm.fr; lee.grenfell@dlr.de; dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu RI Alonso, Roi/D-8799-2014; Ribas, Ignasi/M-2134-2014 OI Alonso, Roi/0000-0001-8462-8126; Ribas, Ignasi/0000-0002-6689-0312 NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 45 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800006 ER PT B AU Kipping, DM Fossey, SJ Campanella, C Schneider, J Tinetti, G AF Kipping, D. M. Fossey, S. J. Campanella, C. Schneider, J. Tinetti, G. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Pathways towards Habitable Moons SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet ID EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS; SATELLITES; EXOMOON AB The search for life outside of the Solar System should not be restricted to exclusively planetary bodies; large moons of extrasolar planets may also be common habitable environments throughout the Galaxy. Extrasolar moons, or exomoons, may be detected through transit timing effects induced onto the host planet as a result of mutual gravitational interaction. In particular, transit timing variations (TTV) and transit duration variations (TDV) are predicted to produce a unique exomoon signature, which is not only easily distinguished from other gravitational perturbations, but also provides both the period and mass of an exomoon. Using these timing effects, photometry greater or equal to that of the Kepler Mission is readily able to detect habitable-zone exomoons down to 0.2 M-circle plus and could survey up to 25,000 stars for Earth-mass satellites. We discuss future possibilities for spectral retrieval of such bodies and show that transmission spectroscopy with JWST should be able to detect molecular species with similar to 30 transit events, in the best cases. C1 [Kipping, D. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kipping, D. M.; Fossey, S. J.; Tinetti, G.] UCL, London, England. [Fossey, S. J.] Univ London Observat, London, England. [Campanella, C.] Queen Mary Univ London, London, England. [Schneider, J.] LUTH Observat Paris, Paris, France. RP Kipping, DM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM d.kipping@ucl.ac.uk; jean.schneider@obspm.fr; g.tinetti@ucl.ac.uk NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 139 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800017 ER PT B AU Lyon, RG Clampin, M Woodruff, RA Vasudevan, G Thompson, P Petrone, P Madison, T Rizzo, M Melnick, G Tolls, V AF Lyon, R. G. Clampin, M. Woodruff, R. A. Vasudevan, G. Thompson, P. Petrone, P. Madison, T. Rizzo, M. Melnick, G. Tolls, V. BE DuForesto, VC Gelino, DM Ribas, I TI Visible Nulling Coronagraph Progress Report SO PATHWAYS TOWARDS HABITABLE PLANETS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Barcelona Conference on Pathways Towards Habitable Planets CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Blue Dots, Ajuntament Barcelona, IEEC, CNRS, Univ Empresa, Dept Innovacio, Generalitat Catalunya, NExScI, Observ Paris, Obra Social, Gobrano Espana, CSIC, INTA, Ctr Astrobiologia, CNES, Euro Planet AB We report on recent laboratory results with the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Visible Nulling Coronagraph (VNC) testbed. We have achieved focal plane contrasts of 10(8) and approaching 10(9) at inner working angles of 2 lambda/D and 4 lambda/D, respectively. Results were obtained with a broadband source and 40 nm filter centered on 630 nm. A null control breadboard (NCB) was also developed to assess and quantify MEMS based deformable mirror technology (DM), and to develop and assess closed-loop null control algorithms. We have demonstrated closed-loop performance at 27 Hz. C1 [Lyon, R. G.; Clampin, M.; Thompson, P.; Madison, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Woodruff, R. A.; Vasudevan, G.] Lockheed Martin Corp, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Thompson, P.] Sigma Space Corp, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Rizzo, M.] Inst Super Aeronautique Espace, Toulouse, France. [Melnick, G.; Tolls, V.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Lyon, RG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Richard.G.Lyon@nasa.gov; mark.clampin@nasa.gov RI Lyon, Richard/D-5022-2012; Clampin, mark/D-2738-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-740-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 430 BP 485 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR16 UT WOS:000287836800093 ER PT J AU Nolte, JL Yang, BH Stancil, PC Lee, TG Balakrishnan, N Forrey, RC Dalgarno, A AF Nolte, J. L. Yang, B. H. Stancil, P. C. Lee, Teck-Ghee Balakrishnan, N. Forrey, R. C. Dalgarno, A. TI Isotope effects in complex scattering lengths for He collisions with molecular hydrogen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; FERMI GAS; TEMPERATURES; RESONANCES; ATOMS; COLD; ZERO AB We examine the effect of theoretically varying the collision-system reduced mass in collisions of He with vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen and observe zero-energy resonances for select atomic "hydrogen" masses less than 1 u or a "helium" mass of 1.95 u. Complex scattering lengths, state-to-state vibrational quenching cross sections, and a low- energy elastic scattering resonance are all studied as a function of collision-system reduced mass. Experimental observations of these phenomena in the cold and ultracold regimes for collisions of (3)He and (4)He with H(2), HD, HT, and DT should be feasible in the near future. C1 [Nolte, J. L.; Yang, B. H.; Stancil, P. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Nolte, J. L.; Yang, B. H.; Stancil, P. C.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Simulat Phys, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lee, Teck-Ghee] Auburn Univ, Allison Phys Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Balakrishnan, N.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Forrey, R. C.] Penn State Univ, Reading, PA 19610 USA. [Dalgarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nolte, JL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Lee, Teck Ghee/D-5037-2012 OI Lee, Teck Ghee/0000-0001-9472-3194 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GJ11G, NNG05GD81G]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0607733, PHY-0855, AST-0607532470, PHY-0854838] FX We acknowledge support from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Grant No. NNG06GJ11G and National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. AST-0607733 (J.L.N., B.H Y., P.C.S.), NSF Grant Mo. PHY-0855470 (N. B.), NASA Grant No. NNG05GD81G (T.G.L.), NSF Grant No. AST-0607532 (A.D.), and NSF Grant No. PHY-0854838 (R.C.F.). NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 014701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.014701 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 548WX UT WOS:000274001500165 ER PT J AU Zibrov, SA Novikova, I Phillips, DF Walsworth, RL Zibrov, AS Velichansky, VL Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI AF Zibrov, Sergei A. Novikova, Irina Phillips, David F. Walsworth, Ronald L. Zibrov, Alexander S. Velichansky, Vladimir L. Taichenachev, Alexey V. Yudin, Valery I. TI Coherent-population-trapping resonances with linearly polarized light for all-optical miniature atomic clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CONTRAST DARK RESONANCES; FREQUENCY REFERENCE; ALKALI ATOMS; D-1 LINE; D1 LINE; SHIFTS; RB-87; VAPOR; FIELD AB We present a joint theoretical and experimental characterization of the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited on the D(1) line of (87)Rb atoms by bichromatic linearly polarized laser light. We observe high-contrast transmission resonances (up to approximate to 25%), which makes this excitation scheme promising forminiature all-optical atomic clock applications. We also demonstrate cancellation of the first-order light shift by proper choice of the frequencies and relative intensities of the two laser-field components. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results. C1 [Zibrov, Sergei A.; Zibrov, Alexander S.; Velichansky, Vladimir L.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst RAS, RU-117924 Moscow, Russia. [Zibrov, Sergei A.; Zibrov, Alexander S.; Velichansky, Vladimir L.] Moscow State Engn Phys Inst, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia. [Novikova, Irina] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Novikova, Irina; Phillips, David F.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Walsworth, Ronald L.; Zibrov, Alexander S.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Taichenachev, Alexey V.; Yudin, Valery I.] Inst Laser Phys SB RAS, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. [Taichenachev, Alexey V.; Yudin, Valery I.] Novosibirsk State Tech Univ, RU-630092 Novosibirsk, Russia. [Yudin, Valery I.] Novosibirsk State Univ, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. RP Zibrov, SA (reprint author), PN Lebedev Phys Inst RAS, RU-117924 Moscow, Russia. EM szibrov@yandex.ru; inovikova@physics.wm.edu; viyudin@mail.ru RI Novikova, Irina/B-9041-2008; Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015; Velichansky, Vladimir/M-4861-2015; Zibrov, Sergei/M-6400-2015; Zibrov, Alexander/G-7419-2014 OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066; FU Smithsonian Institution; Jeffress Research [J-847]; RFBR [08-02-01108, 08-07-00127, 09-02-01151, 10-02-00406, 10-08-00844]; Russian Academy of Science, Presidium SB RAS FX The authors are grateful to Eugeniy E. Mikhailov for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Smithsonian Institution. I.N. acknowledges support from Jeffress Research Grant No. J-847. A. V. T and V.I.Y. were supported by RFBR (Grant Nos. 08-02-01108, 08-07-00127, 09-02-01151, 10-02-00406, and 10-08-00844), the Russian Academy of Science, Presidium SB RAS, and by the federal programs "Development of scientific potential of higher school 2009-2010" and "Scientific and pedagogic personnel of innovative Russia 2009-2013." NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 013833 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.013833 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 600BK UT WOS:000277958100038 ER PT S AU Kaltenegger, L Selsis, F AF Kaltenegger, L. Selsis, F. BE Montmerle, T Ehrenreich, D Lagrange, AM TI SPECTRAL FINGERPRINTS OF HABITABILITY SO PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS OF PLANETARY SYSTEMS SE EAS Publications Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Les Houches Summer School on Physics and Astrophysics of Planetary Systems CY FEB 18-29, 2008 CL Les Houches, FRANCE SP CNRS ID EXTRASOLAR TERRESTRIAL PLANETS; EARTH-LIKE PLANETS; THERMAL EMISSION; LIFE; ATMOSPHERE; SEARCH; STARS; DARWIN; BIOSIGNATURES; SIGNATURE AB The emerging field of extrasolar planet search has shown an extraordinary ability to combine research by astrophysics, chemistry, biology and geophysics into a new and exciting interdisciplinary approach to understand our place in the universe. Are there other worlds like ours? How can we characterize those planets and assess if they are habitable? After a decade rich in giant exoplanet detections, observation techniques have now reached the ability to find planets of less than 10 M-Earth, (so called Super-Earths) that may potentially be habitable. The detection and characterization of Earth-like planet is approaching rapidly with dedicated space observatories already in operation (Corot) or in development phase (Kepler, James Webb Space Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), Darwin/TPF). Space missions like CoRoT (CNES, Rouan et al. 1998) and Kepler (NASA, Borucki et al. 1997) will give its statistics on the number, size, period and orbital distance of planets, extending to terrestrial planets on the lower mass range end as a first step, while missions like Darwin/TPF are designed to characterize their atmospheres. In this chapter we discuss how we can read a planet's spectral fingerprint and characterize if it is potentially habitable. We discuss the first steps to detect a habitable planet and set biomarker detection in context in Section 1. In Section 2 we focus on biomarkers, their signatures at different wavelengths, abiotic sources and cryptic photosynthesis - using Earth as our primary example - the only habitable planet we know of so far. Section 3 concentrates on planets around different stars, and Section 4 summarizes the chapter. C1 [Kaltenegger, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Selsis, F.] CNRS, LAB, F-33270 Florac, France. RP Kaltenegger, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM lkaltene@cfa.harvard.edu NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 16 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1633-4760 BN 978-2-7598-0490-0 J9 EAS PUBLICATIONS PY 2010 VL 41 BP 485 EP + DI 10.1051/eas/1041040 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPT88 UT WOS:000279918700040 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, M Carter, VL Ly, S Andrell, RM Yancey, PH Leong, JAC Kleinhans, FW AF Hagedorn, Mary Carter, Virginia L. Ly, Steven Andrell, Raymond M. Yancey, Paul H. Leong, Jo-Ann C. Kleinhans, Frederick W. TI Analysis of Internal Osmolality in Developing Coral Larvae, Fungia scutaria SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-MICROANALYSIS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLYCINE BETAINE; PLANULA LARVAE; ALGAE; HOST; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS AB Coral species throughout the world are facing severe local and global environmental pressures. Because of the pressing conservation need, we are studying the reproduction, physiology, and cryobiology of coral larvae with the future goal of cryopreserving and maintaining these organisms in a genome resource bank. Effective cryopreservation involves several steps, including the loading and unloading of cells with cryoprotectant and the avoidance of osmotic shock. In this study, during the time course of coral larvae development of the mushroom coral Fungia scutaria, we examined several physiologic factors, including internal osmolality, percent osmotically active water, formation of mucus cells, and intracellular organic osmolytes. The osmotically inactive components of the cell, V(b), declined 33% during development from the oocyte to day 5. In contrast, measurements of the internal osmolality of coral larvae indicated that the internal osmolality was increasing from day 1 to day 5, probably as a result of the development of mucus cells that bind ions. Because of this, we conclude that coral larvae are osmoconformers with an internal osmolality of about 1,000 mOsm. Glycine betaine, comprising more than 90% of the organic osmolytes, was found to be the major organic osmolyte in the larvae. Glycerol was found in only small quantities in larvae that had been infected with zooxanthellae, suggesting that this solute did not play a significant role in the osmotic balance of this larval coral. We were interested in changes in cellular characteristics and osmolytes that might suggest solutes to test as cryoprotectants in order to assist in the successful cryopreservation of the larvae. More importantly, these data begin to reveal the basic physiological events that underlie the move from autonomous living to symbiosis. C1 [Hagedorn, Mary; Carter, Virginia L.] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Hagedorn, Mary; Carter, Virginia L.; Leong, Jo-Ann C.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Ly, Steven; Andrell, Raymond M.; Yancey, Paul H.] Whitman Coll, Dept Biol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Kleinhans, Frederick W.] Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Hagedorn, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, 46-007 Lillipuna Rd, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM hagedornm@si.edu FU Friends of the National Zoo; Whitman College Perry FX We would like to thank Dr. Ruth Gates, who provided very stimulating discussion, and Dr. David Krupp and Leah Hollingsworth of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology for their generous donation of larvae for these experiments. This work was supported by a grant from the Friends of the National Zoo to M. H. and a Whitman College Perry Grant to P. H. Y. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 83 IS 1 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1086/648484 PG 10 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 533SR UT WOS:000272845800016 PM 19938981 ER PT J AU Yancey, PH Heppenstall, M Ly, S Andrell, RM Gates, RD Carter, VL Hagedorn, M AF Yancey, Paul H. Heppenstall, Marina Ly, Steven Andrell, Raymond M. Gates, Ruth D. Carter, Virginia L. Hagedorn, Mary TI Betaines and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate as Major Osmolytes in Cnidaria with Endosymbiotic Dinoflagellates SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE; ORGANIC OSMOLYTES; CHEMICAL DEFENSE; SEA-ANEMONE; AMINO-ACIDS; REEF CORAL; RED ALGAE; IN-VITRO; ZOOXANTHELLAE; SYMBIOSIS AB Most marine invertebrates and algae are osmoconformers whose cells accumulate organic osmolytes that provide half or more of cellular osmotic pressure. These solutes are primarily free amino acids and glycine betaine in most invertebrates and small carbohydrates and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in many algae. Corals with endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) have been reported to obtain from the symbionts potential organic osmolytes such as glycerol, amino acids, and DMSP. However, corals and their endosymbionts have not been fully analyzed for osmolytes. We quantified small carbohydrates, free amino acids, methylamines, and DMSP in tissues of the corals Fungia scutaria, Pocillopora damicornis, Pocillopora meandrina, Montipora capitata, Porites compressa, and Porites lobata (all with symbionts) plus Tubastrea aurea (asymbiotic) from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu (Hawaii). Glycine betaine, at 33-69 mmol/kg wet mass, was found to constitute 90% or more of the measured organic solutes in all except the Porites species. Those were dominated by proline betaine and dimethyltaurine. DMSP was found at 0.5-3 mmol/kg in all species with endosymbionts. Freshly isolated Symbiodinium from Fungia, P. damicornis, and P. compressa were also analyzed. DMSP and glycine betaine dominated in the first two; Porites endosymbionts had DMSP, proline betaine, and dimethyltaurine. In all specimens, glycerol and glucose were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography only at 0-1 mmol/kg wet mass. An enzymatic assay for glycerol plus glycerol 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate yielded 1-10 mmol/kg. Cassiopeia andromeda (upside-down jelly; Scyphozoan) and Aiptasia puchella (solitary anemone; Anthozoan) were also analyzed; both have endosymbiotic dinoflagellates. In both, glycine betaine, taurine, and DMSP were the dominant osmolytes. In summary, methylated osmolytes dominate in many Cnidaria; in those with algal symbionts, host and symbiont have similar methylated amino acids, as do congeners. However, little glycerol was present as an osmolyte and was probably metabolized before it could accumulate. C1 [Yancey, Paul H.; Heppenstall, Marina; Ly, Steven; Andrell, Raymond M.] Whitman Coll, Dept Biol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. [Gates, Ruth D.; Carter, Virginia L.; Hagedorn, Mary] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Carter, Virginia L.; Hagedorn, Mary] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Dept Reprod Sci, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Yancey, PH (reprint author), Whitman Coll, Dept Biol, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. EM yancey@whitman.edu FU National Zoo and the Morris Animal Foundation; Whitman College Perry; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology [1355] FX We thank F. W. Kleinhans for helpful discussion on osmotic balance and Fred Ferrell for help in collecting coral. This work was supported by Friends of the National Zoo and the Morris Animal Foundation (for M. Hagedorn and V. L. C.) and Whitman College Perry grants (for P. H. Y., M. Hagedorn, S. L., and R. M. A.). This work represents Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology contribution 1355. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 83 IS 1 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1086/644625 PG 7 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 533SR UT WOS:000272845800017 PM 19922288 ER PT S AU Slavin, JD AF Slavin, Jonathan D. BE LeRoux, JA Florinski, V Zank, GP Coates, AJ TI The Nature of the Circumheliospheric Interstellar Medium SO PICKUP IONS THROUGHOUT THE HELIOSPHERE AND BEYOND SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 14-19, 2010 CL Maui, HI SP Ctr Space Plasma & Aeronom Res DE heliosphere; interstellar matter ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION-FIELD; X-RAY-EMISSION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; LOCAL BUBBLE; SOLAR-WIND; DENSITIES; CLOUD AB Nearly all the pickup ions begin their lives as interstellar neutrals flowing into the heliosphere. Their flux and their interactions with the outer heliosphere depend on the nature of the interstellar medium (ISM) that surrounds heliosphere. This very local ISM is part of the Local Interstellar Cloud, which is believed to surround the Solar System. While we have more information about this cloud than any other region of the ISM, many uncertainties remain. I summarize our current knowledge about the cloud including the uncertainties and their possible impact on models for the heliosphere and pickup ions. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, MS 83,60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Slavin, Jonathan/0000-0002-7597-6935 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0857-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1302 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTG72 UT WOS:000286910100040 ER PT J AU Oelmann, Y Potvin, C Mark, T Werther, L Tapernon, S Wilcke, W AF Oelmann, Yvonne Potvin, Catherine Mark, Timo Werther, Lisa Tapernon, Simone Wilcke, Wolfgang TI Tree mixture effects on aboveground nutrient pools of trees in an experimental plantation in Panama SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Tree nutrient storage; Tree diversity; Overyielding; Sardinilla Project ID TROPICAL FORESTS; USE EFFICIENCY; MIXED PLANTATIONS; GRASSLAND EXPERIMENT; EUROPEAN GRASSLANDS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; COSTA-RICA; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS AB Mixed plantations might contribute to sustainable land use because of complementary nutrient use. Our objective was to assess the nutrient economy of five native tree species and their response to different neighbor trees in an experimental plantation in Panama. In our study, H. crepitans was the least nutrient efficient tree species. H. crepitans produced less biomass in mixtures than in monocultures while Cedrela odorata - the most nutrient efficient species - produced more biomass independent of stem growth rates because they acquired more nutrients in mixtures than in monocultures.Three-species mixtures had increased mean Ca concentrations in branches and stems and increased N, P, K, Ca, and Mg storage in aboveground biomass compared to monocultures suggesting complementary resource uptake. Our results highlight the need to properly consider species-specific nutrient requirements and species interactions when designing tree mixtures for afforestation. C1 [Oelmann, Yvonne; Mark, Timo; Werther, Lisa; Tapernon, Simone; Wilcke, Wolfgang] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geog, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Potvin, Catherine] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Potvin, Catherine] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada. RP Oelmann, Y (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Geog, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM yvonne.oelmann@uni-mainz.de RI Oelmann, Yvonne/J-8730-2016; Wilcke, Wolfgang/P-4620-2016 OI Oelmann, Yvonne/0000-0003-3513-6568; Wilcke, Wolfgang/0000-0002-6031-4613 FU German Research Foundation [DFG Wi 1601/ 6- 1] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers, Luitgard Schwendenmann and Erik Hobbie for constructive comments on our manuscript. We are grateful to Jose Monteza for continuous help in maintaining the experimental plantation. Thanks to Norbert Kunert for sampling the stem material. We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, for its constant support of the Sardinilla Experiment and the processing of research permits. We are grateful to Dylan Craven for providing nutrient concentrations of the studied tree species from other locations in Panama. This research was funded by the German Research Foundation ( DFG Wi 1601/6-1) which we gratefully acknowledge. The "Geocycles" cluster of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz is thanked for the contribution to improve the laboratory equipment used in this study. NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 39 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2010 VL 326 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-9997-x PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 533UF UT WOS:000272850200016 ER PT J AU Zotz, G Asshoff, R AF Zotz, G. Asshoff, R. TI Growth in epiphytic bromeliads: response to the relative supply of phosphorus and nitrogen SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Growth analysis; net assimilation; nutrient limitation; rain forest; RGR ID VASCULAR EPIPHYTES; MINERAL-NUTRITION; FERTILIZATION; STOICHIOMETRY; CARBOHYDRATE; LIMITATION; NUTRIENT; ECOLOGY; FORESTS; TRAITS AB Insufficient nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) frequently limit primary production. Although most nutrient studies on vascular epiphytes have focused on N uptake, circumstantial evidence suggests that P rather than N is the most limiting element for growth in this plant group. We directly tested this by subjecting a total of 162 small individuals of three bromeliad species (Guzmania monostachia, Tillandsia elongata, Werauhia sanguinolenta) to three N and three P levels using a full-factorial experimental design, and determined relative growth rates (RGR) and nutrient acquisition over a period of 11 weeks. Both N and P supply had a significant effect on RGR, but only tissue P concentrations were correlated with growth. Uptake rates of N and P, in contrast, were not correlated with RGR. Increased nutrient supply led to an up to sevenfold increase in tissue P concentration compared to natural conditions, while concentrations of N hardly changed or even decreased. All treatment combinations, even at the lowest experimental P supply, led to decreased N:P ratios. We conclude that P is at least as limiting as N for vegetative function under natural conditions in these epiphytic bromeliads. This conclusion is in line with the general notion of the prevalence of P limitation for the functioning of terrestrial vegetation in the tropics. C1 [Zotz, G.] Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, AG Funkt Okol, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. [Zotz, G.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Asshoff, R.] Univ Basel, Inst Bot, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Zotz, G (reprint author), Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg, Inst Biol & Umweltwissensch, AG Funkt Okol, Postfach 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. EM gerhard.zotz@uni-oldenburg.de NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00216.x PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 530KK UT WOS:000272589700011 PM 20653893 ER PT B AU Metcalf, G AF Metcalf, Greg BA Plasketes, G BF Plasketes, G TI The Same Yet Different/Different Yet the Same: Bob Dylan Under the Cover of Covers SO PLAY IT AGAIN: COVER SONGS IN POPULAR MUSIC SE Ashgate Popular and Folk Music Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Metcalf, Greg] Smithsonian, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Metcalf, Greg] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Amer Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Metcalf, Greg] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Art Hist, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Metcalf, Greg] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comparat Literature, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Metcalf, Greg] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept English, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Metcalf, Greg] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Humanities, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Metcalf, G (reprint author), Smithsonian, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7546-9991-0; 978-0-7546-6809-1 J9 ASHG POP FOLK MUSIC PY 2010 BP 177 EP 187 PG 11 WC Music SC Music GA BA5MQ UT WOS:000336797800011 ER PT J AU Boyle, SA Smith, AT AF Boyle, Sarah Ann Smith, Andrew T. TI Behavioral modifications in northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) in forest fragments of central Amazonia SO PRIMATES LA English DT Article DE Activity budget; Brazil; Chiropotes; Conservation; Fragmentation ID EASTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; LOS-TUXTLAS; ALOUATTA-PALLIATA; PRIMATES; MEXICO; PATTERNS; CONSERVATION; DIET; PREDATOR; RATES AB We investigated behavioral differences among seven groups of northern bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes satanas chiropotes) living in five forest fragments and two areas of continuous forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project study area, located approximately 80 km north of Manaus, Brazil. We collected data in six research cycles from July-August 2003 to January 2005-April 2006. When bearded saki monkeys were present in a study area, we followed the group from dawn until dusk for three consecutive days. Every 5 min, we conducted behavioral scans of all visible individuals. There was a positive relationship between forest size and group size, but animals in the small forest fragments lived at greater densities. Bearded saki monkeys in the smaller fragments spent more time resting, less time traveling, and less time vocalizing, but there was no relationship between forest size and the amount of time spent feeding. Our results indicate that the main behavioral differences among the groups are related to the amount of forest resources (e.g., fruit trees, space) available to the monkeys in the smaller fragments, as well as the resulting smaller group sizes. We stress the need to preserve large tracts of forest and provide connectivity between forest patches. C1 [Boyle, Sarah Ann] Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. [Boyle, Sarah Ann; Smith, Andrew T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Boyle, Sarah Ann] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Inst Nacl Pesquisas Amazonia, Biol Dynam Forest Fragments Project, BR-69011970 Manaus, AM, Brazil. RP Boyle, SA (reprint author), Rhodes Coll, Dept Biol, 2000 N Pkwy, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. EM boyles@rhodes.edu FU Brazil's Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA); Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA); Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Arizona State University; Fulbright/Institute of International Education; Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation; Providing Educational Opportunities (PEO); Primate Conservation, Inc.; Organization for Tropical Studies; American Society of Primatologists FX We acknowledge Brazil's Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renovaveis (IBAMA), and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA) for permission to conduct this research. The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and Arizona State University provided further logistical and financial support, and the Fulbright/Institute of International Education, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Providing Educational Opportunities (PEO), Primate Conservation, Inc., Organization for Tropical Studies, American Society of Primatologists provided additional funding. We thank A. M. dos Reis, O. F. da Silva, W. C. Lourenc, L. R. da Silva, and W. R. Spironello for assistance in Brazil, and E. W. Heymann, L. K. Marsh, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. This is publication number 534 in the BDFFP technical series. NR 55 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0032-8332 J9 PRIMATES JI Primates PD JAN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10329-009-0169-7 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 533UG UT WOS:000272850300006 PM 19756917 ER PT B AU Perkins, JS AF Perkins, Jeremy S. CA VERITAS Collaboration BE Kieda, DB Gondolo, P TI Recent Active Galactic Nuclei Results with VERITAS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 SNOWBIRD PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY WORKSHOP (SNOWPAC 2009) SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Snowbird Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Workshop (SNOWPAC 2009) CY FEB 01-07, 2009 CL Snowbird, UT ID BL LACERTAE OBJECTS; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; DISCOVERY; EMISSION; RADIATION; COUNTS AB We report on very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of several active galactic nuclei (AGN) with VERITAS, an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (TACT) located in southern Arizona. VERITAS, the most sensitive VHE instrument in the northern hemisphere, has recently discovered gamma-ray emission from the high-frequency peaked BL Lac (HBL) object 1ES 0806+524, and the intermediate-frequency peaked BL Lac (IBL) objects W Corn and 3C 66A. Additionally, VERITAS has many ongoing and completed multiwavelength campaigns and a very active blazar monitoring program. C1 [Perkins, Jeremy S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. RP Perkins, JS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-732-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 426 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR15 UT WOS:000287835400004 ER PT B AU Thaddeus, P AF Thaddeus, Patrick BE Babb, JF Kirby, K Sadeghpour, H TI STILL MORE THOUGHTS ON INTERSTELLAR CHEMISTRY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE DALGARNO CELEBRATORY SYMPOSIUM: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Dalgarno Celebratory Symposium CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Radcliffe Yard, Cambridge, MA SP Inst Theoret Atom, Mol & Opt Phys HO Radcliffe Yard C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Thaddeus, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI LONDON PA 57 SHELTON ST, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-469-7 PY 2010 BP 127 EP 128 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRG39 UT WOS:000282672300011 ER PT B AU Zhang, P Kharchenko, V AF Zhang, Peng Kharchenko, Vasili BE Babb, JF Kirby, K Sadeghpour, H TI APPROACH TO THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM IN ATOMIC COLLISIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE DALGARNO CELEBRATORY SYMPOSIUM: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Dalgarno Celebratory Symposium CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Radcliffe Yard, Cambridge, MA SP Inst Theoret Atom, Mol & Opt Phys HO Radcliffe Yard ID LINEAR BOLTZMANN-EQUATION; SUPRATHERMAL N(S-4) ATOMS; FOKKER-PLANCK EQUATION; FAST NITROGEN-ATOMS; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; RESPONSE THEORY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; LORENTZ GAS; RELAXATION AB The energy relaxation of fast atoms moving in a thermal bath gas is explored theoretically. We found that two time scales characterize the equilibration, one a short time, in which the isotropic energy distribution profile relaxes to a Maxwellian shape at some intermediate effective temperature, and the second, a longer time in which the relaxation preserves a Maxwellian distribution and its effective temperature decreases continuously to the bath gas temperature. It is shown that the formation and preservation of a Maxwellian distribution does not depend on the projectile to bath gas atom mass ratio, contrary to predictions of the hard-sphere model. This two-stage behavior is universal. It arises due to the dominance of small angle scattering and small energy transfer in the collisions of neutral particles and reflects a fundamental property of long-range atomic forces. The Boltzmann equation is solved numerically for nitrogen in He and in Ar. The solutions are in close agreement with the experimental measurements of the evolving Doppler profiles of emission from excited initially energetic N atoms traversing bath gases of helium and argon. Our investigation provides the first experimental and theoretical evidence of the formation and preservation of hot Maxwell distributions with a time-dependent effective temperature in actual atomic gases. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Kharchenko, Vasili] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI LONDON PA 57 SHELTON ST, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-469-7 PY 2010 BP 209 EP 229 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRG39 UT WOS:000282672300018 ER PT B AU Kharchenko, VA AF Kharchenko, V. A. BE Babb, JF Kirby, K Sadeghpour, H TI HELIOSPHERIC X-RAYS INDUCED BY CHARGE-EXCHANGE COLLISIONS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE DALGARNO CELEBRATORY SYMPOSIUM: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Dalgarno Celebratory Symposium CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Radcliffe Yard, Cambridge, MA SP Inst Theoret Atom, Mol & Opt Phys HO Radcliffe Yard DE charge-exchange collisions; X-ray emission; cometary X-rays; heliosphere; soft X-ray background ID IONS; EMISSION; SPECTRA AB Charge-exchange collisions between heavy solar wind ions and neutral atoms and molecules are considered as the mechanism to explain some astrophysical observations of X-ray and EUV emissions. Theoretical and experimental data on the charge-exchange emission spectra are reviewed. Physical characteristics of heliospheric sources of the charge-exchange X-rays are discussed. Modeling of X-ray and EUV spectra observed from different heliospheric objects is described in detail. Satellite observational data obtained with the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray telescopes are compared with our theoretical predictions. Contribution of the charge-exchange mechanism to the observed diffuse soft X-ray background is determined and the computed photon spectra are compared with the results of recent observations. X-ray diagnostics of the solar wind composition and velocity are considered. Examples of a determination of the solar wind ion composition from cometary and planetary X-ray spectra are presented. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kharchenko, VA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM vkharchenko@cfa.harvard.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI LONDON PA 57 SHELTON ST, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-469-7 PY 2010 BP 230 EP 241 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRG39 UT WOS:000282672300019 ER PT B AU Babb, JF AF Babb, James F. BE Babb, JF Kirby, K Sadeghpour, H TI THE HFS OF H(2)(+): ELECTRON-NUCLEAR COUPLING OF SPINS AND MOMENTA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE DALGARNO CELEBRATORY SYMPOSIUM: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Dalgarno Celebratory Symposium CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Radcliffe Yard, Cambridge, MA SP Inst Theoret Atom, Mol & Opt Phys HO Radcliffe Yard ID HYDROGEN MOLECULAR ION; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; RYDBERG STATES; MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRUM; MOTION AB Progress in calculations on the hyperfine structure (hfs) of the hydrogen molecular ion is summarized taking a long view with emphases on Alex Dalgarno's contributions and also on some recent developments. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Babb, JF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jbabb@cfa.harvard.edu; jbabb@cfa.harvard.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI LONDON PA 57 SHELTON ST, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-469-7 PY 2010 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRG39 UT WOS:000282672300025 ER PT B AU Kirby, K AF Kirby, Kate BE Babb, JF Kirby, K Sadeghpour, H TI ITAMP HISTORY: PART III SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE DALGARNO CELEBRATORY SYMPOSIUM: CONTRIBUTIONS TO ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Dalgarno Celebratory Symposium CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Radcliffe Yard, Cambridge, MA SP Inst Theoret Atom, Mol & Opt Phys HO Radcliffe Yard C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Kirby, K (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI LONDON PA 57 SHELTON ST, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-469-7 PY 2010 BP 372 EP 375 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRG39 UT WOS:000282672300031 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Hoddle, MS AF Brown, John W. Hoddle, Mark S. TI A NEW SPECIES OF HISTURA RAZOWSKI (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: POLYORTHINI) FROM GUATEMALA ATTACKING AVOCADOS (PERSEA AMERICANA) (LAURACEAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Histurodes; Central America; Chlidanotinae; pest species ID STENOMA-CATENIFER LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAL PARASITOIDS; HASS AVOCADOS; ELACHISTIDAE AB Histura perseavora Brown, new species, from Guatemala, is described and illustrated. It is compared with Histura curvata (Meyrick) from Brazil and Histurodes costaricana Razowski from Costa Rica. All specimens of H. perseavora were reared from either fruit, fruit pedicels, or young green branches of avocados (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) during efforts to identify lepidopteran pests of this commodity in Guatemala. Coincidentally, we discovered museum specimens of H. costaricana reared from avocados in Costa Rica. We present a brief review of the fragmentary knowledge of the larval stages of Polyorthini, the tribe to which H. perseavora is assigned. C1 [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Invas Species Res, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov; mark.hoddle@ucr.edu FU California Avocado Commission FX Illustrations of genitalia were rendered by David Adamski, USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, and those of the larva and pupa by Diana Marquez; illustrations were arranged into plates by Mike Lewis, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside; and the parasitoid was identified by Roger Burks, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside. We thank the following for providing helpful reviews of the manuscript: Robert Kula and Thomas Henry, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, U.S.A.; Joaquin Baixeras, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, Spain; and Richard Brown, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, U.S.A. Funding for field work in Guatemala was provided in part by the California Avocado Commission. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.253.10 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000002 ER PT J AU Burns, JM Janzen, DH Hallwachs, W AF Burns, John M. Janzen, Daniel H. Hallwachs, Winnie TI OF MANY SIMILAR SPECIES IN THE NEOTROPICAL GENUS PORPHYROGENES (LEPIDOPTERA: HESPERIIDAE), A NEW ONE, REPEATEDLY REARED IN COSTA RICA, IS RELATIVELY DISTINCT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Genitalia (male and female); sexual dimorphism; caterpillars; pupae; foodplants (Machaerium); DNA barcodes; tachinid parasitoid AB Associating sexes in many species of the Neotropical hesperiid genus Pophyrogenes has been difficult, erroneous, or impossible, owing to their sexual dimorphism. Despite the extreme sexual dimorphism of Porphyrogenes peterwegei Burns, new species, full description of this rainforest skipper from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica, is no problem. The available sample amounts to nearly 100 reared adults, almost evenly divided between the sexes. Of these, 67 have been DNA barcoded and found to vary minimally in their COI haplotypes, with one haplotype predominating. Caterpillars and pupae consistently go through a distinctive set of developmental changes in their color patterns. Foodplant choice is conservative: of 227 immatures found in the wild, 94% were eating woody vines of the genus Machaerium, especially M. seemannii (Fabaceae), whereas 6% were feeding on the quite unrelated species Dichapetalum morenoi (Dichapetalaceae)-a peculiar pattern of larval foodplant selection seen in another skipper and two butterfly species in ACG. Caterpillars of P. peterwegei are occasionally attacked by a host-specific parasitoid (an undesribed tachinid of the genus Siphosturmia), which has not otherwise been encountered in 20,642 tachinid attacks on the caterpillars of >3,000 species of Lepidoptera in ACG. Morphologically, P. peterwegei differs significantly from its many congeners in both facies and genitalia. C1 [Burns, John M.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Janzen, Daniel H.; Hallwachs, Winnie] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Burns, JM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC 127,Room E-515, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM burnsj@si.edu; djanzen@sas.upenn.edu; whallwac@sas.upenn.edu FU National Museum of Natural History; U.S. National Science Foundation [BSR 9024770, DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699]; Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation; ACG FX Our thanks to Donald Harvey for dissecting genitalia, Young Sohn for drawing two of them (Figs. 5-8), Karie Darrow for photographing adults (Figs. 1-4) and numbering plates, Mehrdad Hajibabaei for DNA barcoding, Bernard Hermier for sharing his extensive knowledge of Porphyrogenes, Sarah Burns for helping with various tasks, ACG parataxonomists for finding and rearing the caterpillars and parasitoids, and John Shuey and an anonymous reviewer for useful information. This study was supported by the National Museum of Natural History Small Grants Program to JMB; and by U.S. National Science Foundation grants BSR 9024770 and DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, and 0515699, and grants from Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund and ACG to DHJ. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.32 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000004 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Boughton, AJ Pemberton, RW AF Kula, Robert R. Boughton, Anthony J. Pemberton, Robert W. TI STANTONIA PALLIDA (ASHMEAD) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) REARED FROM NEOMUSOTIMA CONSPURCATALIS WARREN (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE), A CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF LYGODIUM MICROPHYLLUM (CAV.) R. BR. (POLYPODIALES: LYGODIACEAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cotesia; Glyptapanteles; host record; invasive species; melonworm; Microgastrinae; nontarget effects; Old World climbing fern; Omiodes indicata; Orgilinae; pickleworm; Rhygoplitis; soybean leaffolder ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; INVASIVE WEED; HOST-RANGE; FLORIDA; PYRALIDAE; PICKLEWORM; DIAPHANIA; AUSTRALIA; MELONWORM; INSECTS AB Stantonia pallida (Ashmead) sensu Braet and Quicke (2004) is reported from Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a classical biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida. It is the first reported parasitoid of N. conspurcatalis. One undetermined species each of Cotesia Cameron, Glyptapanteles Ashmead, and Rhygoplitis Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are likely parasitoids of N. conspurcatalis but need to be confirmed through rearing from host larvae isolated individually. The use of S. pallida, under the name Stantonia lamprosemae Muesebeck, for control of Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus) and Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Florida is reviewed and used to illustrate the importance of systematics and natural history collections to classical biological control. The potential effects of these parasitoids on control of L. microphyllum in Florida are discussed. C1 [Kula, Robert R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Boughton, Anthony J.; Pemberton, Robert W.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov; Anthony.Boughton@ars.usda.gov; Robert.Pemberton@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.4289/0013.8797.112.1.253.61 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000008 ER PT J AU Mathis, WN Zatwarnicki, T AF Mathis, Wayne N. Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz TI NEW SPECIES AND TAXONOMIC CLARIFICATIONS FOR SHORE FLIES FROM THE DELMARVA STATES (DIPTERA: EPHYDRIDAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE taxonomic changes; Psilopa; Discocerina; Hydrochasma; Allotrichoma; Hydrellia ID REVISION AB New species of shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Delmarva States are described, and taxonomic clarifications are made. The six new species are (type locality in parentheses): Discocerina delmarva (Virginia. Stafford: Aquia Harbour, Lions Park), Hydrochasma aquia (Virginia. Stafford.- Aquia Harbour, Lions Park), Hydrochasma avanae (Utah. Grand: Swasey Beach (N Green River; shore of Green River; 1255 m), Hydrochasma garvinorum (Virginia. Rappahannock: Hazel River (NW Culpeper; 171 m)), Allotrichoma deonieri (Virginia. Spotsylvania: Rappahannock River), and Hydrellia toma (Virginia. Fairfax: Great Falls (Clay Pond)). The taxonomic changes are as follows: Psilopa obscuripes Loew is the correct name for "P. compta" of New World authors, nec Meigen; Discocerina parva Loew is confirmed as a junior synonym of Discocerina obscurella (Fallen), and the identification of the latter species is clarified with detailed illustrations and description of structures of the male terminalia. C1 [Mathis, Wayne N.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz] Opole Univ, Dept Biosystemat, PL-45052 Opole, Poland. RP Mathis, WN (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,MRC 169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mathisw@si.edu; zatwar@uni.opole.pl OI Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz/0000-0003-2163-0143 FU National Park Service; Williston Fund (Smithsonian Institution) FX We gratefully acknowledge the assis tance and cooperation of many organizations and individuals who contributed to the field work and production of this paper. To Jon K. Gelhaus and Jason D. Weintraub (ANSP) and their institution, who loaned specimens, we express our sincere thanks. We thank Oliver S. Flint, Jr., Allen L. Norrbom, and Richard S. Zack for reviewing a draft of this paper. Field work in the George Washington Memorial Parkway was supported by a grant from the National Park Service, and we especially thank Brent W. Steury for his assistance, facilitation, and support. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Williston Fund (Smithsonian Institution), especially for study of specimens in other museums during the summers of 2007 and 2008. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 97 EP 128 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.97 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000011 ER PT J AU Smith, DR de Carvalho, DV AF Smith, David R. de Carvalho, Davi Vilela TI THREE NEW SPECIES OF AULACIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) FROM BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Aulacus; Pristaulacus; neotropics; parasitic wasp ID AMERICA AB Three new species of Aulacidae, Aulacus gerais Smith and A. unicus Smith, from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Pristaulacus petiense Smith, from Minas Gerais, Esperito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Santa Catarina, Brazil, are described. The species are illustrated and separated from described species of their respective genera. C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [de Carvalho, Davi Vilela] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; davibiofis@yahoo.com.br NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.253.140 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000013 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Baracoana, a junior synonym of Caribovia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 170 EP 171 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-112.1.170 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000016 ER PT J AU Staines, CL AF Staines, C. L. TI Some Nomenclatural Notes on Hispines (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Staines, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stainesc@si.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 172 EP 173 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-112.1.172 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000017 ER PT B AU Onofrio, R AF Onofrio, Roberto BE Milton, KA Bordag, M TI MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM VACUUM AND MICROSCOPIC GRAVITATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH CONFERENCE ON QUANTUM FIELD THEORY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL CONDITIONS (QFEXT09) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK HO Univ Oklahoma DE Casimir Forces; Non-Newtonian Gravitation; Higgs Particle; Compact Astrophysical Objects ID SAGITTARIUS A-ASTERISK; CASIMIR FORCE; PROPER-MOTION; RANGE; RESTRICTIONS; GALAXY; LEADS AB Macroscopic quantum vacuum and modern theories of gravitation share the strong interplay between geometry and physical phenomena. We review selected issues related to the accuracy of the measurement of Casimir forces with particular emphasis on the implications for the search of non-Newtonian gravitational forces in the micrometer range. We then discuss the interplay of the Higgs particle with gravitation, arguing that spectroscopic shifts in atomic transitions due to the modifications of the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field in regions with strong curvature of space-time may be of conceptual and observational relevance. C1 [Onofrio, Roberto] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis Galileo Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Onofrio, Roberto] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03766 USA. [Onofrio, Roberto] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Onofrio, R (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis Galileo Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM onofrior@gmail.com FU Julian Schwinger Foundation [JSF 08070000] FX I would like to thank the QFEXT09 organizers for the kind invitation to such a stimulating and successful meeting. I also acknowledge partial support from the Julian Schwinger Foundation through grant JSF 08070000 on Astrophysics of Quantum Vacuum. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4289-85-6 PY 2010 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BH0AS UT WOS:000394477400015 ER PT S AU Henneken, EA Eichhorn, G Accomazzi, A Kurtz, MJ Grant, C Thompson, D Bohlen, E Murray, SS AF Henneken, Edwin A. Eichhorn, Guenther Accomazzi, Alberto Kurtz, Michael J. Grant, Carolyn Thompson, Donna Bohlen, Elizabeth Murray, Stephen S. BE Haubold, HJ Mathai, AM TI How the Literature is Used A View Through Citation and Usage Statistics of the ADS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD UN/ESA/NASA WORKSHOP ON THE INTERNATIONAL HELIOPHYSICAL YEAR 2007 AND BASIC SPACE SCIENCE: NATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY OF JAPAN SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd UN/ESA/NASA Workshop on the International Heliophysical Year 2007 and Basic Space Science CY JUN 18-22, 2007 CL Natl Astronom Observ Japan, Tokyo, JAPAN HO Natl Astronom Observ Japan DE NASA/Smithsonian Astrophysics Data System; Citation statistics; Bibliometrics; e-prints AB The data holdings, usage and citation records of the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) form a unique environment for bibliometric studies. Here we will highlight one such study. Using the citation and usage statistics from the NASA Astrophysics Data System, we study the impact of offering a paper as an electronic pre-print ("e-print") on the arXiv e-print repository, prior to its publication in a scholarly journal. We will address the following questions for astronomy: are people reading the e-prints from arXiv instead of the journal articles? Are e-prints read in a different way than journal articles? What is the impact of offering a paper as e-print prior to its publication in a scholarly journal? We will show that in astronomy, the e-prints are not being read instead of the journal article. As soon as the journal article is published, users prefer to read the article. Our analysis confirms that journal articles which were submitted as e-print on arXiv, prior to their publication, show higher citation rates than journal articles that were not submitted as e-print. C1 [Henneken, Edwin A.; Eichhorn, Guenther; Accomazzi, Alberto; Kurtz, Michael J.; Grant, Carolyn; Thompson, Donna; Bohlen, Elizabeth; Murray, Stephen S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Henneken, EA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ehenneken@cfa.harvard.edu RI Eichhorn, Guenther/C-9480-2009; OI Eichhorn, Guenther/0000-0002-3032-1978; Grant, Carolyn/0000-0003-4424-7366; Thompson, Donna/0000-0001-6870-2365; Henneken, Edwin/0000-0003-4264-2450; Accomazzi, Alberto/0000-0002-4110-3511 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-03323-0 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 141 EP 147 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03325-4_12 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BZM05 UT WOS:000301987100012 ER PT J AU Sabin, L Zijlstra, AA Wareing, C Corradi, RLM Mampaso, A Viironen, K Wright, NJ Parker, QA AF Sabin, Laurence Zijlstra, Albert A. Wareing, Christopher Corradi, Romano L. M. Mampaso, Antonio Viironen, Kerttu Wright, Nicholas J. Parker, Quentin A. TI New Candidate Planetary Nebulae in the IPHAS Survey: the Case of Planetary Nebulae with ISM interaction SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop in honor of Agnes Acker on Legacies of the Macquarie/AAO/Strasbourg H-alpha Planetary Nebula Project (MASH) CY FEB 16-18, 2009 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA DE ISM; planetary nebulae: general; surveys ID H-ALPHA SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; MASH AB We present the results of the search for candidate Planetary Nebulae interacting with the interstellar medium (PN-ISM) in the framework of the INT Photometric Ha Survey (IPHAS) and located in the right ascension range 18-20 h. The detection capability of this new Northern survey, in terms of depth and imaging resolution, has allowed us to overcome the detection problem generally associated to the low surface brightness inherent to PNe-ISM. We discuss the detection of 21 IPHAS PN-ISM candidates. Thus, different stages of interaction were observed, implying various morphologies i.e. from the unaffected to totally disrupted shapes. The majority of the sources belong to the so-called WZO2 stage which main characteristic is a brightening of the nebula's shell in the direction of motion. The new findings are encouraging as they would be a first step into the reduction of the scarcity of observational data and they would provide new insights into the physical processes occurring in the rather evolved PNe. C1 [Sabin, Laurence; Zijlstra, Albert A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Wareing, Christopher] Univ Leeds, Dept Appl Math, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Corradi, Romano L. M.; Mampaso, Antonio; Viironen, Kerttu] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. [Wright, Nicholas J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Parker, Quentin A.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys, Anglo Australian Observ, Sydney, NSW 2190, Australia. RP Sabin, L (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM laurence.sabin@manchester.ac.uk OI Wareing, Christopher/0000-0001-9641-0861 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 2 BP 166 EP 173 DI 10.1071/AS09046 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 602IX UT WOS:000278133900006 ER PT J AU Masci, FJ Cutri, RM Francis, PJ Nelson, BO Huchra, JP Jones, DH Colless, M Saunders, W AF Masci, Frank J. Cutri, Roc M. Francis, Paul J. Nelson, Brant O. Huchra, John P. Jones, D. Heath Colless, Matthew Saunders, Will TI The Southern 2MASS Active Galactic Nuclei Survey: Spectroscopic Follow-up with Six Degree Field SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; quasars: general; infrared: general; surveys ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; BRIGHT QUASAR SURVEY; RED QUASARS; REDDENED QUASARS; DATA RELEASE; SCHMIDT TELESCOPE; REDSHIFT SURVEY; IMAGING SURVEY; HOST GALAXIES AB The Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) has provided a uniform photometric catalog to search for previously unknown red active galactic nuclei (AGN) and Quasi-Stellar Objects (QSOs). We have extended the search to the southern equatorial sky by obtaining spectra for 1182 AGN candidates using the six degree field (6dF) multifibre spectrograph on the UK Schmidt Telescope. These were scheduled as auxiliary targets for the 6dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. The candidates were selected using a single color cut of J - K(s) > 2 to K(s) less than or similar to 15.5 and a galactic latitude of vertical bar b vertical bar > 30 degrees. 432 spectra were of sufficient quality to enable a reliable classification. 116 sources (similar to 27%) were securely classified as type I AGN, 20 as probable type I AGN, and 57 as probable type II AGN. Most of them span the redshift range 0.05 < z< 0.5 and only 8 (similar to 6%) were previously identified as AGN or QSOs. Our selection leads to a significantly higher AGN identification rate amongst local galaxies (> 20%) than in any previous (mostly blue-selected) galaxy survey. A small fraction of the type I AGN could have their optical colors reddened by optically thin dust with A(V) < 2 mag relative to optically selected QSOs. A handful show evidence of excess far-infrared (IR) emission. The equivalent width (EW) and color distributions of the type I and II AGN are consistent with AGN unified models. In particular, the EW of the [OIII] emission line weakly correlates with optical-near-IR color in each class of AGN, suggesting anisotropic obscuration of the AGN continuum. Overall, the optical properties of the 2MASS red AGN are not dramatically different from those of optically-selected QSOs. Our near-IR selection appears to detect the most near-IR luminous QSOs in the local universe to z similar or equal to 0.6 and provides incentive to extend the search to deeper near-IR surveys. C1 [Masci, Frank J.; Cutri, Roc M.; Nelson, Brant O.] CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Francis, Paul J.] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Huchra, John P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jones, D. Heath; Colless, Matthew; Saunders, Will] Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. RP Masci, FJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Ctr Infrared Proc & Anal, Caltech 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM fmasci@caltech.edu OI Colless, Matthew/0000-0001-9552-8075 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation [AST0406906]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England; National Academy of Sciences FX This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The SDSS website is http://www.sdss.org/. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive (IRSA), which are operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The 6dFGS was carried out by the Anglo-Australian Observatory and the 6dFGS team (http://www.aao.gov.au/local/ www/6df/6dFGSteam.html), who have all contributed to the work presented here. This work was carried out at the California Institute of Technology, with funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. RMC acknowledges support from the National Academy of Sciences James Craig Watson Medal award. JPH was supported in part by NSF Grant AST0406906. We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 302 EP 320 DI 10.1071/AS10001 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 649TV UT WOS:000281797700011 ER PT J AU Quillen, AC Neumayer, N Oosterloo, T Espada, D AF Quillen, Alice C. Neumayer, Nadine Oosterloo, Tom Espada, Daniel TI The Warped Disk of Centaurus A from a Radius of 2 to 6500 pc SO PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 5128, Cen A); galaxies: jets; galaxies: nuclei ID ACCRETION DISKS; MOLECULAR GAS; BLACK-HOLE; EVOLUTION; KINEMATICS; JET; PRECESSION; NGC-5128; ORIGIN; MASS AB We compile position and inclination angles for tilted ring fits to the warped dusty and gaseous disk of Cen A, spanning a radius of 1.8 to 6500 pc, from recent observations. For radii exterior to 1 kpc, tilted-ring orientations lie on an arc, on a plot of polar-inclination versus position-angle, suggesting that precession following a merger can account for the ring morphology. Three kinks in the ring orientations are seen on the polar plot, the one at radius of about 1.3 kpc we suspect corresponds to the location where self-gravity in the disk affects the ring precession rate. Another at a radius of about 600 pc may be associated with a gap in the gas distribution. A third kink is seen at a radius of 100 pc. A constant inclination tilted disk precessing about the jet axis may describe the disk between 100 and 20 pc but not interior to this. A model with disk orientation matching the molecular circumnuclear disk at 100 pc that decays at smaller radii to an inner flat disk perpendicular to the jet may account for disk orientations within 100 pc. Neither model would account for the cusps or changes in disk orientation at 100 or 600 pc. C1 [Quillen, Alice C.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Neumayer, Nadine] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Oosterloo, Tom] Netherlands Fdn Res Astron, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Oosterloo, Tom] Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands. [Espada, Daniel] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Espada, Daniel] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. RP Quillen, AC (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM aquillen@pas.rochester.edu OI Neumayer, Nadine/0000-0002-6922-2598 FU European Commission [MOIF-CT-2006-40298]; DFG; NASA [HST-AR-10972] FX We thank Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Aneta Siemiginowska, Richard Nelson and Gordon Ogilvie for helpful discussions. D. E. is supported by a Marie Curie International Fellowship (MOIF-CT-2006-40298) granted by the European Commission. N.N. is supported by the DFG cluster of excellence 'Origin and Structure of the Universe'. Support for this work was in part provided by by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech, and HST-AR-10972 to the Space Telescope Science Institute. A. C. Q. thanks the Newton Institute for support and hospitality during the fall of 2009. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-3580 J9 PUBL ASTRON SOC AUST JI Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 4 BP 396 EP 401 DI 10.1071/AS09069 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 663HC UT WOS:000282873000003 ER PT J AU Inanez, JG Speakman, RJ Garrigos, JBI Glascock, MD AF Inanez, J. G. Speakman, R. J. Buxeda i Garrigos, J. Glascock, M. D. TI Chemical characterization of tin-lead glazed ceramics from Aragon (Spain) by neutron activation analysis SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Majolica; Neutron activation analysis (NAA); Provenance; Multivariate statistics; Spain ID POTTERY; ARCHAEOMETRY AB Majolica pottery was the most characteristic tableware produced in Spain during the Medieval and Renaissance periods. A study of the three main production centers in the historical region of Aragon during Middle Ages and Renaissance was conducted on a set of 71 samples. The samples were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), and the resulting data were interpreted using an array of multivariate statistical procedures. Our results show a clear discrimination among different production centers allowing a reliable provenance attribution of ceramic sherds from the Aragonese workshops. C1 [Inanez, J. G.; Speakman, R. J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Inanez, J. G.; Buxeda i Garrigos, J.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Geog & Hist, Cultura Mat & Arqueometria Univ Barcelona ARQ UB, Barcelona 08001, Catalonia, Spain. [Glascock, M. D.] Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Inanez, JG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM Inanezj@si.edu RI Buxeda i Garrigos, Jaume/E-7228-2014; OI Buxeda i Garrigos, Jaume/0000-0001-6857-8448; Glascock, Michael D./0000-0003-0686-7556; Inanez, Javier/0000-0002-1411-8099; Speakman, Robert/0000-0003-2063-154X FU European Community [PIOF-GA-2008-221399]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [HAR2008-02834]; National Science Foundation [0504015] FX This work forms part of the project "ARCHSYMB" within the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship for Career Development Program of the European Community PIOF-GA-2008-221399, and the TECNOLONIAL (HAR2008-02834) funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion. Authors also are indebted to the Museu de la Ceramica de Barcelona for its collaboration providing the samples. Special thanks are extended to Nicole Little for assistance with laboratory work at MURR. The laboratory work at MURR was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant no. 0504015. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2010 VL 98 IS 8 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1524/ract.2010.1743 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 644PB UT WOS:000281390400011 ER PT S AU Silver, EH Brickhouse, NS Lin, T Chen, GX Kirby, K Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Laming, JM AF Silver, E. H. Brickhouse, N. S. Lin, T. Chen, G. X. Kirby, K. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Laming, J. M. BE Chaudhuri, RK Mekkaden, MV Raveendran, AV Narayanan, AS TI X-Ray Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Ions in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas SO RECENT ADVANCES IN SPECTROSCOPY: THEORETICAL, ASTROPHYSICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Advances in Spectroscopy - Theoretical, Astrophysical and Experimental Perspectives CY JAN 28-31, 2009 CL Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory, Bangalore, INDIA HO Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory ID FE-XVII; DIAGNOSTIC LINES; EMISSION; MICROCALORIMETER; RESOLUTION; SPECTRA; TRAP; CHANDRA AB The Universe is rich with X-ray sources which can now be observed with unprecedented resolution using instruments on Chandra and XMM-Newton. In order to interpret their spectral signatures and derive reliable information regarding the physical characteristics and the dynamics of these objects and their environments, detailed spectral models have been developed which require vast amounts of highly accurate data on atomic collisional and radiative properties for ions in a broad range of ionization states. These data are usually obtained from theoretical calculations through which a large parameter space of physical conditions such as temperature and density can be explored. Critical to the reliability of these models is the careful benchmarking of the theoretically generated data through high-precision laboratory measurements. To provide a picture of the astrophysics, the goal is to develop a set of key spectroscopic diagnostics with an accuracy (similar to 5-10%) that is commensurate with the uncertainties in the highest quality astrophysical spectra. Using a broad band, high resolution X-ray microcalorimeter coupled to an EBIT, we are studying the behavior of highly charged plasma ions. Our goals for accuracy and reliability are now achievable and some of our results are presented here. A new technique for improving the measurement accuracy is also described. C1 [Silver, E. H.; Brickhouse, N. S.; Lin, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chen, G. X.; Kirby, K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gillaspy, J. D.; Tan, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Laming, J. M.] US NRL, Ctr Space Sci, Washington, DC USA. RP Silver, EH (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM esilver@cfa.harvard.edu OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 FU NASA [NNX- 08-AK33G] FX E. Silver acknowledges support in part from NASA Grant NNX- 08-AK33G. We thank J. Pomeroy for assistance in some of the experiments. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-10321-6 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10322-3_1 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPU05 UT WOS:000279938400001 ER PT S AU Mallik, SV Brickhouse, NS Dupree, AK AF Mallik, Sushma V. Brickhouse, N. S. Dupree, A. K. BE Chaudhuri, RK Mekkaden, MV Raveendran, AV Narayanan, AS TI Simultaneous X-ray and Optical Observations of the T Tauri star TW Hya SO RECENT ADVANCES IN SPECTROSCOPY: THEORETICAL, ASTROPHYSICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVES SE Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Advances in Spectroscopy - Theoretical, Astrophysical and Experimental Perspectives CY JAN 28-31, 2009 CL Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory, Bangalore, INDIA HO Indian Inst Astrophys, Kodaikanal Observatory ID ROTATION PERIODS; HYDRAE; VARIABILITY; CHANDRA; ARRAY AB We report preliminary results obtained from a spectroscopy and photometry campaign of the T Tauri star TW Hya in February- March, 2007. A long HETG observation with CHANDRA and simultaneous optical observations around the world have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the X-ray emission and optical variability and to connect these to the accretion and wind characteristics of the star. C1 [Mallik, Sushma V.] Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. [Brickhouse, N. S.; Dupree, A. K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Mallik, SV (reprint author), Indian Inst Astrophys, Bangalore 560034, Karnataka, India. EM sgvmlk@iiap.res.in; dupree@cfa.harvard.edu OI Brickhouse, Nancy/0000-0002-8704-4473 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1570-6591 BN 978-3-642-10321-6 J9 ASTROPHYSICS SPACE PY 2010 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-10322-3_18 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPU05 UT WOS:000279938400018 ER PT B AU Collette, BB AF Collette, Bruce B. BE Cole, KS TI Reproduction and Development in Epipelagic Fishes SO REPRODUCTION AND SEXUALITY IN MARINE FISHES: PATTERNS AND PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOLPHINFISH CORYPHAENA-HIPPURUS; WESTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC; TUNA THUNNUS-ORIENTALIS; SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; HEMIRAMPHUS-BRASILIENSIS; ACANTHOCYBIUM-SOLANDRI; GASTEROCHISMA-MELAMPUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Collette, BB (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM collettb@si.edu NR 165 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI OAKLAND PA 155 GRAND AVE, SUITE 400, OAKLAND, CA 94612-3758 USA BN 978-0-520-94797-9; 978-0-520-26433-5 PY 2010 BP 21 EP 63 D2 10.1525/california/9780520264335.001.0001 PG 43 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BXI65 UT WOS:000296188800004 ER PT J AU Kersey, DC Wildt, DE Brown, JL Snyder, RJ Huang, Y Monfort, SL AF Kersey, David C. Wildt, David E. Brown, Janine L. Snyder, Rebecca J. Huang, Yan Monfort, Steven L. TI Endocrine milieu of perioestrus in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), as determined by non-invasive hormone measures SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE bear reproduction; faecal hormones ID MONITORING OVARIAN-FUNCTION; FECAL STEROID ANALYSIS; PAPIO-CYNOCEPHALUS-CYNOCEPHALUS; BEAR HELARCTOS-MALAYANUS; URSUS-ARCTOS-YESOENSIS; URINARY; PREGNANCY; FECES; REPRODUCTION; METABOLITES AB The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of faecal hormonal measures for evaluating ovarian activity in a significant sized cohort of giant pandas during the perioestrual period. Faecal excretion of oestrogen and progestagen metabolites corresponded with urinary patterns and receptive behaviours. Longitudinal assessment of 10 females revealed that, on average, faecal oestrogen concentrations started to rise (P<0.05) above baseline (baseline mean +/- s.e.m.; 64.7 +/- 6.6 ng g(-1)) 5 days before the preovulatory oestrogen peak (484.6 +/- 126.8 ng g(-1)), which was followed by a gradual descent over 4 days to nadir. Mean faecal progestagen metabolite concentrations increased approximately twofold above baseline (from 186.2 +/- 37.7 to 347.2 +/- 75.7 ng g(-1); P<0.05) during the 20-day interval after the preovulatory oestrogen surge. Variability within and among females precluded the use of a threshold of oestrogen or progestagen metabolites to predict reproductive status, yet faeces collected 2-3 days per week provided sufficient data to recognise that an individual was in the perioestrual period. Finally, in females that were examined for at least 3 consecutive years, there was an 18-53 day variation in the onset and an 8-13 day variation in the duration of perioestrual behaviour from year to year. In summary, these findings indicate that gonadal hormone profiles associated with the period immediately before, during and after oestrus are accurately revealed by analysis of the fibrous faeces of the giant panda. This approach has potential value for providing point-in-time information on the reproductive status of free-living individuals. C1 [Kersey, David C.; Wildt, David E.; Brown, Janine L.; Monfort, Steven L.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Species Survival, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Snyder, Rebecca J.] Zoo Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. [Huang, Yan] China Conservat & Res Ctr Giant Panda, Wenchuan 623006, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Kersey, DC (reprint author), Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. EM dkersey@westernu.edu FU National Zoo; Smithsonian National Zoological Park FX The authors thank Susan Walker, Adrienne Crosier, Nicole Abbondanza, Karen Steinman, Copper Aitken-Palmer and Nicole Presley for logistical support. Special thanks to Nicole Savageau, Bridgette von Holdt, Jessica Beckman, Valerie Parkman, Serena Enloe and Corinna Bazlett for laboratory assistance. The authors also acknowledge the enormous contributions made by the keepers and curatorial staff at the Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Zoo Atlanta and the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda in terms of the frequent and accurate sample collection. This study was supported by The Friends of the National Zoo and the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. NR 62 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 901 EP 912 DI 10.1071/RD09178 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 618VN UT WOS:000279384100002 PM 20591324 ER PT S AU Frebel, A AF Frebel, Anna BE VonBerlepsch, R TI Stellar archaeology: Exploring the Universe with metal-poor stars SO REVIEWS IN MODERN ASTRONOMY, VOL 22: DECIPHERING THE UNIVERSE THROUGH SPECTROSCOPY SE Reviews in Modern Astronomy LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Scientific Conference of the Society on Deciphering the Universe through Spectroscopy CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL Potsdam, GERMANY ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE ELEMENTS; DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY; HIGH-DISPERSION-SPECTROGRAPH; COMPREHENSIVE ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS; CARBON-RICH OBJECTS; KECK PILOT PROGRAM; GIANT BRANCH STARS; LESS-THAN -5.0; S-PROCESS-RICH AB The abundance patterns of the most metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo and small dwarf galaxies provide us with a wealth of information about the early Universe. In particular, these old survivors allow us to study the nature of the first stars and supernovae, the relevant nucleosynthesis processes responsible for the formation and evolution of the elements, early star-and galaxy formation processes, as well as the assembly process of the stellar halo from dwarf galaxies a long time ago. This review presents the current state of the field of "stellar archaeology" - the diverse use of metal-poor stars to explore the high-redshift Universe and its constituents. In particular, the conditions for early star formation are discussed, how these ultimately led to a chemical evolution, and what the role of the most iron-poor stars is for learning about Population III supernovae yields. Rapid neutron-capture signatures found in metal-poor stars can be used to obtain stellar ages, but also to constrain this complex nucleosynthesis process with observational measurements. Moreover, chemical abundances of extremely metal-poor stars in different types of dwarf galaxies can be used to infer details on the formation scenario of the halo and the role of dwarf galaxies as Galactic building blocks. I conclude with an outlook as to where this field may be heading within the next decade. A table of similar to 1000 metal-poor stars and their abundances as collected from the literature is provided in electronic format. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Frebel, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM afrebel@cfa.harvard.edu NR 155 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0941-1445 BN 978-3-527-41055-2 J9 REV MOD ASTRON PY 2010 VL 22 BP 53 EP 80 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Spectroscopy GA BA7ES UT WOS:000337503100003 ER PT J AU Duarte, M Robbins, RK AF Duarte, Marcelo Robbins, Robert K. TI Description and phylogenetic analysis of the Calycopidina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): a subtribe of detritivores SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENTOMOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Butterfly; distribution; implied weighting; neotropical region; taxonomy ID FEMALE LEPIDOPTERA; IMMATURE STAGES; HEWITSON; SIGNA AB Description and phylogenetic analysis of the Calycopidina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): a subtribe of detritivores. The purpose of this paper is to establish a phylogenetic basis for a new Eumaeini subtribe that includes those lycaenid genera in which detritivory has been recorded. Morphological characters were coded for 82 species of the previously proposed "Lamprospilus Section" of the Eumaeini (19 of these had coding identical to another species), and a phylogenetic analysis was performed using the 63 distinct ingroup terminal taxa and six outgroups belonging to four genera. Taxonomic results include the description in the Eumaeini of Calycopidina Duarte & Robbins new subtribe (type genus Calycopis Scudder, 1876), which contains Lamprospilus Geyer, Badecla Duarte & Robbins new genus (type species Thecla badaca Hewitson), Arzecla Duarte & Robbins new genus (type species Thecla arza Hewitson), Arumecla Robbins & Duarte, Camissecla Robbins & Duarte, Electroshymon Clench, Rubroserrata K. Johnson & Kroenlein revalidated status, Ziegleria K. Johnson, Kisutam K. Johnson & Kroenlein revalidated status, and Calycopis. Previous "infratribe" names Angulopina K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993, and Calycopina K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993, are nomenclaturally unavailable and polyphyletic as proposed. New combinations include Badecla badaca (Hewitson), Badecla picentia (Hewitson), Badecla quadramacula (Austin & K. Johnson), Badecla lanckena (Schaus), Badecla argentinensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein), Badecla clarissa (Draudt), Arzecla arza (Hewitson), Arzecla lama (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla canacha (Hewitson), Arzecla calatia (Hewitson), Arzecla tucumanensis (K. Johnson & Kroenlein), Arzecla sethon (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla nubilum (H. H. Druce), Arzecla paralus (Godman & Salvin), Arzecla taminella (Schaus), Arzecla albolineata (Lathy), Electroshymon denarius (Butler & H.Druce), Electroshymon guzanta (Schaus), Electrostrymon perisus (H. H. Druce), Rubroserrata mathewi (Hewitson), Rubroserrata ecbatana (Hewitson), Kisutam micandriana (K. Johnson), and Kisutam syllis (Godman & Salvin). The structure of the male genitalia lateral window, labides, and brush organs are described and discussed, as are the female genitalia signa of the corpus bursae and 8(th) abdominal tergum. Widespread wing pattern sexual dimorphism in the Calycopidina is noted and illustrated, and the presence of alternating dark and light bands on the ventral wings of both sexes is discussed. The evidence for detritivory in Lamprospilus, Badecla, Arzecla, Arumecla, Camissecla, Electrostrymon, Ziegleria, Kisutam, and Calycopis is summarized using the new classification. C1 [Duarte, Marcelo] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Robbins, Robert K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Duarte, M (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, Ave Nazare 481, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mduartes@usp.br; robbinsr@si.edu RI Duarte, Marcelo/K-7633-2012; Museu de Zoologia da USP, MZ-USP/Q-2192-2016 FU Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/CAPES [BEX0385/01-8]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo/FAPESP [02/13898-0, 03/13985-3]; Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade de Sao Paulo/USP/Projeto 1 FX For allowing us access over the past three decades to collections under their care, we thank the responsible curators at the Colecao Entomologica Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure da Universidade Federal do Parana, Fundacao Institut Oswaldo Cruz, Museo de Historia Natural de Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Muse Ecuadoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Museo del Institut de Zoologia Agricola, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Facultad de Sciences and Institut() de Biologia), Allyn Museum of Entomology (Florida State Museum), Los Angeles County Museum, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History, Oregon State University, Milwaukee Public Museum, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Zoologische Staatssammlung, Staatliches Museum Ilk Naturkunde, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat, Natural History Museum, National Natuurhistorische Museum ("Naturalis"), and Zoological Museum at the University of Copenhagen. For allowing us to examine specimens in their private collections (some now deposited in museums), we thank Dick Anderson, Keith Brown, Robert Busby, Charles Covell, Jason Hall, Roy Kendall, Mike McInnis, Stan Nicolay, and too many others to list. For discussions on hairstreak systematics, we are grateful to Stan Nicolay, Robert Busby, Jason Hall, Mike McInnis, and Bo Sullivan. For discussions on nomenclature related to this paper, we thank Gerardo Lamas and Jeffrey Glassberg. We are pleased to acknowledge our collaborators on eumaeine molecular systematics, Tiago Quental and Naomi Pierce, and our collaborators on detritivory, Annette Aiello, Amy Berkov, Julie Feinstein, and Warren Steiner. We thank Don Harvey for discussions over many years on detritivory and rearing immatures. We thank Brian Harris for many kinds of technical help. We thank Karie Darrow for the photographic plates in this paper and Vichai Malikul for the expert illustrations. The Willi Hennig Society provided free downloads of TNT software. For discussions on phylogenetic analysis, we are grateful to Sean Brady, Jon Coddington, Robert Kula, Peterson L. Lopes, Wayne Mathis, Cristiano Moreira, Silvio Nihei, and Ted Schultz. For reading and commenting on the paper, we are most grateful to Robert C. Busby, Sonia A. Casari, Andre V. L. Freitas, Carlos Jose E. Lamas, Gerardo Lamas, and Carlos Pena. For supporting Duarte during his "sandwich" fellowship to Smithsonian, during which this project began, we arc grateful to Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/CAPES (process number BEX0385/01-8). For supporting travel by both Duarte and Robbins and for substantial funds, we thank Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo/FAPESP (as part of the project "Systematics, Bionomy, and Evolution of Neotropical Lepidoptera"; process numbers 02/13898-0 and 03/13985-3) and Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade de Sao Paulo/USP/Projeto 1. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ENTOMOLOGIA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19030, CURITIBA, PR 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 0085-5626 EI 1806-9665 J9 REV BRAS ENTOMOL JI Rev. Bras. Entomol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 54 IS 1 BP 45 EP 65 DI 10.1590/S0085-56262010000100006 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 578BG UT WOS:000276267800006 ER PT J AU Abad-Franch, F Ferraz, G AF Abad-Franch, Fernando Ferraz, Goncalo TI "Didn't you see that bug ... ?" Investigating disease vector occurrence when detection is imperfect SO REVISTA DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Detection; Occurrence; Vector ecology; Triatominae AB As with most insect disease vectors, triatomine bugs are often small and dull-colored; in addition, triatomines spend the day inside secluded microenvironments such as wall cracks. As a result, detection failures are common in Chagas disease vector surveys. But how important and hard to solve is this problem? We argue that imperfect detection is pervasive and can seriously mislead control program management and vector ecology studies. The standard response involves developing more sensitive detection methods; thus, active searches can be enhanced by using 'flush-out' chemicals or ultra-violet lights, and several 'sensing devices' have been designed and tested. However, these methods tend to be costly and rarely reach the high sensitivity they aim for; community involvement in vector notification is probably the most efficient approach to long-term surveillance. Still, detection failures persist, and we show how explicitly incorporating them into the analyses effectively improves infestation rate estimates. Repeated sampling of potentially infested sites (such as households) yields 'detection histories' that can be used to estimate occupancy rates (infestation) and detection probabilities (the sensitivity of the searching method). Both can in turn be modeled as a function of covariates, generating detailed information not only on detection and occurrence, but also on local extinction and re-colonization dynamics and with a measure of uncertainty around each estimate. This results in powerful tools for decision-making, including evidence-based optimization of resource use and adaptive management schemes. We expect these approaches to progressively become standard practice both in control-surveillance programs and in academic and operational research. C1 [Abad-Franch, Fernando] Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Leonidas & Maria Deane, Manais, AM, Brazil. [Ferraz, Goncalo] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BDFFP, Manaus, AM, Brazil. RP Abad-Franch, F (reprint author), FIOCRITZ, Inst Leonidas & Maria Deane, Rua Teresina 476, BR-69057070 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. EM fernando@amazonia.fiocruz.br RI Abad-Franch, Fernando/L-4741-2013 FU UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO TDR [A20441]; CNPq; FAPEAM; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) FX UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO TDR (A20441), CNPq, FAPEAM, and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). This work also benefited from international collaboration through the ECLAT Network. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC BRASILEIRA MEDICINA TROPICAL PI BRASILIA PA UNIV BRASILIA, NUCLEO MEDICINA TROPICAL E NUTRICAO, CAIXA POSTAL 4356, BRASILIA, DF 70919-970, BRAZIL SN 0037-8682 J9 REV SOC BRAS MED TRO JI Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. PY 2010 VL 43 SU 2 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA V27OU UT WOS:000208623300010 ER PT J AU Jansen, PA Muller-Landau, HC Wright, SJ AF Jansen, Patrick A. Muller-Landau, Helene C. Wright, S. Joseph TI Bushmeat Hunting and Climate: An Indirect Link SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID TROPICAL FORESTS; DISPERSAL; RECRUITMENT; PREDATION; BIOMASS; TREES C1 [Jansen, Patrick A.] Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, Haren, Netherlands. [Jansen, Patrick A.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Muller-Landau, Helene C.; Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Jansen, PA (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Community & Conservat Ecol Grp, Haren, Netherlands. EM patrick.a.jansen@gmail.com RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013; Jansen, Patrick/G-2545-2015 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676; Jansen, Patrick/0000-0002-4660-0314 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5961 BP 30 EP 30 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 541DZ UT WOS:000273395400010 PM 20044556 ER PT J AU Pawley, E AF Pawley, Emily TI Accounting with the Fields: Chemistry and Value in Nutriment in American Agricultural Improvement, 1835-1860 SO SCIENCE AS CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Agricultural improvement; nineteenth century; accounting; chemistry; Justus von Liebig; soil fertility; nutrition ID ECONOMY; SCIENCE AB During the 1840s, a coalition of agricultural chemists and improving agriculturists came to promote plant, animal and soil analyses as a way of identifying monetary value in the material transactions of the farm. They were motivated in part by the broadening practice of accounting with the land, a modification of existing accounting practices, through which some farmers came to treat their relationship with the fields and animals of the farm landscape as a series of transactions between debtors and creditors. New forms of chemical analysis added a further dimension to this accounting, casting the growth of soil, animals, and plants and the exchange of materials between them as a series of transactions, and linking value in nutriment to value in money. Interactions between forms of food and monetary value on the nineteenth-century farm, as well as new forms of work that this interaction created, grew into a system of natural accounting. This system of valuation, emerging not from state power but from local engagement with individual farms and individual markets, continues to shape the industrial farm landscape. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Pawley, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM epawley@sas.upenn.edu NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0950-5431 J9 SCI CULT-UK JI Sci. Cult. PY 2010 VL 19 IS 4 SI SI BP 461 EP 482 DI 10.1080/09505431.2010.519868 PG 22 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 760GP UT WOS:000290313100003 ER PT B AU Dussault, M Reinfeld, E Sienkiewizcz, F Deutsch, F Fruchtman, S Gould, R Smith, DA Eisenhammer, B AF Dussault, Mary Reinfeld, Erika Sienkiewizcz, Frank Deutsch, Freeman Fruchtman, Shira Gould, Roy Smith, Denise A. Eisenhammer, Bonnie BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Observing With NASA: Using Online Telescopes to Expand the Pipeline of Astronomy Learners SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB Observing with NASA (OWN) is a NASA-funded e-learning project developed by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in partnership with the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). The project provides universal access to the CfA's MicroObservatory online network of robotic educational telescopes, allowing users to make their OWN astronomical observations and compare their images and data with that of professional astronomers. We describe our strategies for making the tools and techniques of astronomical imaging, data processing and analysis accessible to the broadest possible audience. C1 [Dussault, Mary; Reinfeld, Erika; Sienkiewizcz, Frank; Deutsch, Freeman; Fruchtman, Shira; Gould, Roy] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Smith, Denise A.; Eisenhammer, Bonnie] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Dussault, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 351 EP 354 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500056 ER PT B AU Hartman, M Porro, I Reinfeld, E Dussault, M AF Hartman, Mark Porro, Irene Reinfeld, Erika Dussault, Mary BE Barnes, J Smith, DA Gibbs, MG Manning, JG TI Kids Capture Their Universe: An Afterschool Bridge from Science Content to Youth Development SO SCIENCE EDUCATION AND OUTREACH: FORGING A PATH TO THE FUTURE SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 121st Annual Meeting of the Astronomical-Society-of-the-Pacific CY SEP 12-16, 2009 CL Millbrae, CA SP Spitzer Sci Ctr, NASA Lunar Sci Inst, NASA Sci Miss Directorate, NRAO, California Space Grant Consortium, Northrop Grumman, Sky Skan, Univ Chicago Press, Ball Aerospace Technol, Capitol Coll, Astronom Assoc No California, Explore Sci, MWT Assoc Inc, Seiler Instruments, Astron Soc Pacific AB The Kids Capture Their Universe astronomy apprenticeship is an example of an afterschool program that is designed to complement the science learning that takes place in the classroom and support positive youth development. This paper presents an overview of the program and the variety of implementation models designed to accommodate professional, amateur and student astronomers with different interest levels and time constraints to engage local youth in meaningful science programming through partnerships with out-of-school-time organizations. C1 [Hartman, Mark; Porro, Irene] MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. [Reinfeld, Erika; Dussault, Mary] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hartman, M (reprint author), MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-742-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 431 BP 443 EP 446 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Education & Educational Research GA BWD16 UT WOS:000293601500078 ER PT B AU Roe, C Nielsen, N AF Roe, Chris Nielsen, Natalie BE Rhoton, J TI New Models of Leadership and Collaboration to Improve Science Education The Role of Business SO SCIENCE EDUCATION LEADERSHIP: BEST PRACTICES FOR THE NEW CENTURY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Roe, Chris] Stanford Univ, Natl Ctr Postsecondary Improvement, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nielsen, Natalie] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Nielsen, Natalie] Smithsonian Inst, San Diego Nat Hist Museum, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NSTA PRESS PI ARLINGTON PA NATL SCI TEACHERS ASSOC, ARLINGTON, VA 00000 USA BN 978-1-936137-00-8 PY 2010 BP 17 EP 32 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BOL85 UT WOS:000276964600002 ER PT B AU Krupnik, I Aporta, C Laidler, GJ AF Krupnik, Igor Aporta, Claudio Laidler, Gita J. BE Krupnik, I Aporta, C Gearheard, S Laidler, GJ Holm, LK TI SIKU: International Polar Year Project #166 (An Overview) SO SIKU: KNOWING OUR ICE: DOCUMENTING INUIT SEA-ICE KNOWLEDGE AND USE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sea ice; Indigenous knowledge; Inuit; International polar year ID SEA-ICE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FREEZE/THAW PROCESSES; HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES; NUNAVUT; CANADA; VULNERABILITY; INUIT; COMMUNITY; IGLOOLIK AB The SIKU (Sea Ice Knowledge and Use) project emerged in response to the growing public and scholarly attention to the environmental knowledge of the Arctic residents, as well as to the rising concerns about the impact of climate change on Arctic environment and polar sea ice. The special momentum for the SIKU project was created by International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 that launched a new era of international and interdisciplinary collabration and partnership with northern communities. This introductory chapter tells how the SIKU project has originated and developed in 2004-2005; it reviews its structure made of various regional and individual initiatives, and covers major activities undertaken by the team during 2006-2009. It summarizes the key scientific outcomes and public messages of the SIKU project, as well as its contribution to the overall science program of IPY 2007-2008. It ends up with the synopsis of the present volume with the acknowledgements to many institutions and individuals who were instrumental to the success of the SIKU project. C1 [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Aporta, Claudio] Carleton Univ, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Laidler, Gita J.] Carleton Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Studies, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM krupniki@si.edu; krupniki@si.edu NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-8586-3 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0 PG 28 WC Anthropology; Geography SC Anthropology; Geography GA BRL95 UT WOS:000283084100001 ER PT B AU Krupnik, I Apangalook, L Apangalook, P AF Krupnik, Igor Apangalook, Leonard, Sr. Apangalook, Paul BE Krupnik, I Aporta, C Gearheard, S Laidler, GJ Holm, LK TI "It's Cold, but Not Cold Enough": Observing Ice and Climate Change in Gambell, Alaska, in IPY 2007-2008 and Beyond SO SIKU: KNOWING OUR ICE: DOCUMENTING INUIT SEA-ICE KNOWLEDGE AND USE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sea ice; Local observations; Gambell; Alaska; Indigenous knowledge ID SEA-ICE; PACIFIC WALRUSES; KNOWLEDGE; NUNAVUT; CANADA AB The chapter discusses the main outcomes of 3 years (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009) of systematic observation of ice and weather conditions in the community of Gambell (Sivuqaq) on St. Lawrence island, Alaska. The 3-year recording of ice and weather in Gambell by local monitors was a part of a larger observation effort under the SIKU project. Observers from eight communities in Alaska and Russian Chukotka took daily notes of ice and weather around their home areas for several consecutive winters. Data from Gambell are the longest and the most comprehensive within this larger SIKU data set. Observations by local monitors reveal a very complex signal of change that often differs by season or location, even among the nearby communities. The 3-year record of ice and weather observations offers new insight to Arctic climate and ice scientists. It will also help Arctic residents document their cultural tradition, ice use, and knowledge in the time of rapid environmental and social change. C1 [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM krupniki@si.edu NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-8586-3 PY 2010 BP 81 EP 114 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0_4 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0 PG 34 WC Anthropology; Geography SC Anthropology; Geography GA BRL95 UT WOS:000283084100004 ER PT B AU Krupnik, I Weyapuk, W AF Krupnik, Igor Weyapuk, Winton (Utuktaaq), Jr. BE Krupnik, I Aporta, C Gearheard, S Laidler, GJ Holm, LK TI Qanuq Ilitaavut: "How We Learned What We Know" (Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary) SO SIKU: KNOWING OUR ICE: DOCUMENTING INUIT SEA-ICE KNOWLEDGE AND USE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Sea ice; Wales; Alaska; Inupiaq; Indigenous terminologies ID FREEZE/THAW PROCESSES; HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES; NUNAVUT; CANADA; ALASKA AB The chapter discusses a collaborative effort to document more than 120 local Inupiaq terms for sea ice and associated vocabulary in the community of Wales, Alaska, in 2007-2008. The value of recording indigenous words for sea ice as a key to understanding indigenous knowledge of sea ice was first tested during an earlier project on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska (2000-2002). Under the SIKU initiative, more than 20 of such local ice vocabularies were collected in indigenous communities in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Chukotka, Russia. In Wales, Winton Weaypuk, a boat captain and a speaker of the Kingikmiut dialect, led the effort to collect local ice terms, documented elders' knowledge about ice, and took more than 100 photos of various ice-related activities in the Wales area. Traditional words for ice, illustrations of local ice forms, and the Inupiaq explanations and English translations collected for the project would be of help to young hunters, so that the knowledge is preserved for future generations. C1 [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM krupniki@si.edu; krupniki@si.edu NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-8586-3 PY 2010 BP 321 EP 354 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0 PG 34 WC Anthropology; Geography SC Anthropology; Geography GA BRL95 UT WOS:000283084100014 ER PT B AU Krupnik, I Muller-Wille, L AF Krupnik, Igor Mueller-Wille, Ludger BE Krupnik, I Aporta, C Gearheard, S Laidler, GJ Holm, LK TI Franz Boas and Inuktitut Terminology for Ice and Snow: From the Emergence of the Field to the "Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax" SO SIKU: KNOWING OUR ICE: DOCUMENTING INUIT SEA-ICE KNOWLEDGE AND USE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Franz Boas; Inuktitut; Baffin Island; Ice and snow terminology AB Franz Boas, the "founding father" of North American anthropology, has long been credited with many pioneer contributions to the field of Arctic anthropology, as a result of his first and only fieldwork among the Inuit on Baffin Island, following the First International Polar Year 1882-1883. In this new "polar year" the SIKU project has initiated several studies of the Inuit terminology for sea ice and snow, including in the areas of Baffin Island once surveyed by Boas, as well as in the nearby regions of Nunavut, Nunavik, Labrador, and Greenland. Also, in the past decade the story of Boas' fieldwork on Baffin Island has become known in full, in diaries, personal letters, and field notes. This chapter capitalizes on these new sources: it examines Boas' knowledge of the Inuit terminology for sea ice and snow and its value to current discussion about language, indigenous knowledge, the Inuit, and beyond. It also addresses the so-called Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax debate of the past decades that misconstrues Boas' use of the Inuit terms and the analysis of the contemporary Inuit ice and snow vocabulary. C1 [Krupnik, Igor] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Mueller-Wille, Ludger] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Mueller-Wille, Ludger] Arctic Ctr, Rovaniemi, Finland. RP Krupnik, I (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM krupniki@si.edu; krupniki@si.edu NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-8586-3 PY 2010 BP 377 EP 400 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0_16 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-8587-0 PG 24 WC Anthropology; Geography SC Anthropology; Geography GA BRL95 UT WOS:000283084100016 ER PT J AU Clough, GW AF Clough, G. Wayne TI What to Collect? SO SMITHSONIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Clough, GW (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DR, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0037-7333 J9 SMITHSONIAN JI Smithsonian PD JAN PY 2010 VL 40 IS 10 BP 22 EP 22 PG 1 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 536KX UT WOS:000273044400012 ER PT B AU Strachan, L Panasyuk, AV Kohl, JL AF Strachan, Leonard Panasyuk, Alexander V. Kohl, John L. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Time Evolution of a Coronal Velocity Source Surface during Solar Cycle 23 SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID MINIMUM AB We present preliminary results of a. study to create coronal outflow velocity maps for the period from 1996 to 2005. The velocities are derived from the UVCS/SOHO synoptic observations of the O VI 103.2 ran and 103.7 nm intensities. The maps are made at a constant heliocentric height of 2.3 R-circle dot, near the traditional coronal source surface height of 2.5 R-circle dot. Our results for the Cycle 22/23 minimum show that the classic solar minimum conditions, where highspeed wind dominates the polar regions, lasted only until May 1997. However, during the same time period there was very little change in the fraction of fast or slow speed wind at low heliographic latitudes (< 30 degrees). When completed, the coronal velocity maps will be used to show the connections between structures in the corona and solar wind streams at greater distances from the Sun. It will also help clarify how variations in the spatial distribution of outflow velocities are controlled by the coronal magnetic field and plasma conditions at the source regions. C1 [Strachan, Leonard; Panasyuk, Alexander V.; Kohl, John L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Strachan, L (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900028 ER PT B AU Gardner, LD Kohl, JL Cranmer, SR Lin, M Panasyuk, AV Uzzo, M AF Gardner, L. D. Kohl, J. L. Cranmer, S. R. Lin, M. Panasyuk, A. V. Uzzo, M. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Variations in the Absolute Ultraviolet Intensities of Polar Coronal Holes SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID SOLAR AB The well-maintained UVCS/SOHO radiometric calibration is used to determine the variations in the ultraviolet intensities in polar coronal holes between the, Solar Cycle 22/23 and Cycle 23/24 minima. The radiometric calibration has been carefully monitored and updated during the mission by observing an ensemble of B stars, which, as a group, are believed to have a. stable mean irradiance. These observations, along with data from the freshly calibrated Ultraviolet Coronal Spectrometer on the Spartan 201 satellite in 1998, have been used to determine the changes in the calibration. The Spartan 201 inter-calibration, together with the original laboratory calibration, was used to establish the in-flight absolute radiometric calibration scale. This paper summarizes the in-flight radiometric calibration of UVCS/SOHO and observed variations in polar coronal hole intensities as a function of heliographic height above the poles of the Sun. C1 [Gardner, L. D.; Kohl, J. L.; Cranmer, S. R.; Lin, M.; Panasyuk, A. V.; Uzzo, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gardner, LD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 191 EP 195 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900029 ER PT B AU Cranmer, SR Kohl, JL Miralles, MP van Ballegooijen, AA AF Cranmer, Steven R. Kohl, John L. Miralles, Mari Paz van Ballegooijen, Adriaan A. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI Extended Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration over the Solar Cycle SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID MAGNETIC-FLUX; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; TRANSITION REGION; LOW-FREQUENCY; HOLES; POLAR; TEMPERATURES; MODELS; DENSITIES; MINIMUM AB This paper reviews our growing understanding of the physics behind coronal heating (in open-field regions) and the acceleration of the solar wind. Many new insights have come from the last solar cycle's worth of observations and theoretical work. Measurements of the plasma properties in the extended corona, where the primary solar wind acceleration occurs; have been key to discriminating between competing theories. We describe how UVCS/SOHO measurements of coronal holes and streamers over the last 14 years have provided clues about the detailed kinetic processes that energize both fast and slow wind regions. We also present a brief survey of current ideas involving the coronal source regions of fast and slow wind streams, and how these change over the solar cycle. These source regions are discussed in the context of recent theoretical models (based on Alfven waves and MHD turbulence) that have begun to successfully predict both the heating and acceleration in fast and slow wind regions with essentially no free parameters. Some new results regarding these models-including a quantitative prediction of the lower density and temperature at 1 AU seen during the present solar minimum in comparison to the prior minimum-are also shown. C1 [Cranmer, Steven R.; Kohl, John L.; Miralles, Mari Paz; van Ballegooijen, Adriaan A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Cranmer, SR (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900032 ER PT B AU Miralles, MP Cranmer, SR Panasyuk, AV Uzzo, M AF Miralles, M. P. Cranmer, S. R. Panasyuk, A. V. Uzzo, M. BE Cranmer, SR Hoeksema, JT Kohl, JL TI The Tale of Two Minima and a Solar Cycle in Between: An Ongoing Fast Solar Wind Investigation SO SOHO-23: UNDERSTANDING A PECULIAR SOLAR MINIMUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SOHO-23 Workshop on Understanding a Peculiar Solar Minimum CY SEP 21-25, 2009 CL NE Harbor, ME ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; POLAR; HOLES; UVCS/SOHO AB We have measured the physical properties of polar coronal holes from the minimum activity phase of solar cycle 23 (1996-1997) to the present minimum of solar cycle 24 (2007-2009) using the UVCS instrument on SOHO. Observations in H I Lyman alpha (121.6 rim) and O VI (103.2, 1.03.7 nm) provide spectroscopic diagnostics of proton and O5+ bulk outflow velocities and velocity distributions as a function of heliocentric distance above the poles of the Sun. These observations have allowed us to follow the changes in the physical properties of the polar coronal holes during solar cycle 23 and its approach to the current minimum. Recent ground- and space-based observations have reported a variety of phenomena. associated with the current minimum. We present the comparison of observed oxygen line intensities, line ratios, and profiles for polar coronal holes at both minima and during solar cycle 23 and show how this new minimum manifests itself in the ultraviolet corona. The comparison of the physical properties of these two minima as seen by UVCS in the extended corona, now possible for the first time, may provide crucial empirical constraints on models of extended coronal heating and acceleration for the fast solar wind. C1 [Miralles, M. P.; Cranmer, S. R.; Panasyuk, A. V.; Uzzo, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Miralles, MP (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-736-0 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 428 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTR14 UT WOS:000287834900036 ER PT J AU Spence, HE Case, AW Golightly, MJ Heine, T Larsen, BA Blake, JB Caranza, P Crain, WR George, J Lalic, M Lin, A Looper, MD Mazur, JE Salvaggio, D Kasper, JC Stubbs, TJ Doucette, M Ford, P Foster, R Goeke, R Gordon, D Klatt, B O'Connor, J Smith, M Onsager, T Zeitlin, C Townsend, LW Charara, Y AF Spence, H. E. Case, A. W. Golightly, M. J. Heine, T. Larsen, B. A. Blake, J. B. Caranza, P. Crain, W. R. George, J. Lalic, M. Lin, A. Looper, M. D. Mazur, J. E. Salvaggio, D. Kasper, J. C. Stubbs, T. J. Doucette, M. Ford, P. Foster, R. Goeke, R. Gordon, D. Klatt, B. O'Connor, J. Smith, M. Onsager, T. Zeitlin, C. Townsend, L. W. Charara, Y. TI CRaTER: The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE LRO; Galactic cosmic rays; Solar energetic protons; Radiation effects; LET spectrum; Lunar science ID ENERGETIC PARTICLE; SPACE; SPECTRA; DUST AB The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) characterizes the radiation environment to be experienced by humans during future lunar missions. CRaTER measures the effects of ionizing energy loss in matter due to penetrating solar energetic protons (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR), specifically in silicon solid-state detectors and after interactions with tissue-equivalent plastic (TEP), a synthetic analog of human tissue. The CRaTER investigation quantifies the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum in these materials through direct measurements with the lunar space radiation environment, particularly the interactions of ions with energies above 10 MeV, which penetrate and are detected by CRaTER. Combined with models of radiation transport through materials, CRaTER LET measurements constrain models of the biological effects of ionizing radiation in the lunar environment as well as provide valuable information on radiation effects on electronic systems in deep space. In addition to these human exploration goals, CRaTER measurements also provide new insights on the spatial and temporal variability of the SEP and GCR populations and their interactions with the lunar surface. We present here an overview of the CRaTER science goals and investigation, including: an instrument description; observation strategies; instrument testing, characterization, and calibration; and data analysis, interpretation, and modeling plans. C1 [Spence, H. E.; Case, A. W.; Golightly, M. J.; Heine, T.; Larsen, B. A.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Blake, J. B.; Caranza, P.; Crain, W. R.; George, J.; Lalic, M.; Lin, A.; Looper, M. D.; Mazur, J. E.; Salvaggio, D.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Kasper, J. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stubbs, T. J.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Doucette, M.; Ford, P.; Foster, R.; Goeke, R.; Gordon, D.; Klatt, B.; O'Connor, J.; Smith, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Onsager, T.] NOAA, Spaceweather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Zeitlin, C.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. [Townsend, L. W.; Charara, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Spence, HE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM spence@bu.edu RI Larsen, Brian/A-7822-2011; Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; Stubbs, Timothy/I-5139-2013; OI Larsen, Brian/0000-0003-4515-0208; Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Stubbs, Timothy/0000-0002-5524-645X; Heine, Thomas/0000-0003-1286-364X; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 FU NASA [NNG05EB92C] FX Support for the CRaTER project was funded by NASA under Contract number NNG05EB92C. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 150 IS 1-4 BP 243 EP 284 DI 10.1007/s11214-009-9584-8 PG 42 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 573JG UT WOS:000275908700011 ER PT S AU Bookbinder, J AF Bookbinder, Jay CA IXO Team BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI An Overview of the IXO Observatory SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray; Observatory; IXO; Future Missions ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLES; ACCRETION; DISCS AB The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) project is the result of a merger between the NASA Con-X and ESA/JAXA XEUS mission concepts. A facility-class mission, IXO will address the leading astrophysical questions in the "hot universe" through its breakthrough optics with 20 times more collecting area at 1 keV than any previous X-ray observatory, its 3 m(2) collecting area with 5 arcsec angular resolution will be achieved using a 20m focal length deployable optical bench. To reduce risk, two independent optics technologies are currently under development in the U. S. and in Europe. Focal plane instruments will deliver a 100-fold increase in effective area for high-resolution spectroscopy, deep spectral imaging over a wide field of view, unprecedented polarimetric sensitivity, microsecond spectroscopic timing, and high count rate capability. IXO covers the 0.1-40 keV energy range, complementing the capabilities of the next generation observatories, such as ALMA, LSST, JWST, and 30-m ground-based telescopes. These capabilities will enable studies of a broad range of scientific questions such as what happens close to a black hole, how supermassive black holes grow, how large scale structure forms, and what are the connections between these processes? C1 [Bookbinder, Jay] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Bookbinder, J (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jbookbinder@cfa.harvard.edu NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77321B DI 10.1117/12.857363 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200039 ER PT S AU Freeman, MD Reid, PB Podgorski, W Caldwell, D AF Freeman, Mark D. Reid, Paul B. Podgorski, William Caldwell, David BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI Advances in the Active Alignment System for the IXO Optics SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray optics; mirror support systems; optical alignment; Hartmann test; IXO mission ID CONSTELLATION-X MISSION AB The next large x-ray astrophysics mission launched will likely include soft x-ray spectroscopy as a primary capability. A requirement to fulfill the science goals of such a mission is a large-area x-ray telescope focusing sufficient x-ray flux to perform high-resolution spectroscopy with reasonable observing times. The IXO soft x-ray telescope effort in the US is focused on a tightly nested, thin glass, segmented mirror design. Fabrication of the glass segments with the required surface accuracy is a fundamental challenge; equally challenging will be the alignment of the similar to 7000 secondary mirror segments with their corresponding primary mirrors, and co-alignment of the mirror pairs. We have developed a system to perform this alignment using a combination of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and a double-pass Hartmann test alignment system. We discuss the technique, its ability to correct low-order mirror errors, and results of a recent pair alignment including progress toward the required alignment accuracy of <2 arcseconds, and discuss the influence of the alignment process on mirror figure. We then look forward toward its scalability to the task of building the IXO telescope. C1 [Freeman, Mark D.; Reid, Paul B.; Podgorski, William; Caldwell, David] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Freeman, MD (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mfreeman@cfa.harvard.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 773243 DI 10.1117/12.857424 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200129 ER PT S AU Garcia, M Smith, R Bookbinder, J Patnaude, D Santos-Lleo, M Ehle, M Rodriguez, P AF Garcia, Michael Smith, Randall Bookbinder, Jay Patnaude, Dan Santos-Lleo, Maria Ehle, Matthias Rodriguez, Pedro BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI Impacts on the IXO Observing Efficiency SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray; Observation Planning; Future Missions ID CATALOG AB The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) has a top level requirement that the observing efficiency be 85%. This is a challenging requirement, given that the observing efficiencies for CXO and XMM-Newton are between 60% and 70%. However, the L2 orbit for IXO means that it will not be subject to the earth block/radiation zone effects that are seen for CXO and XMM-Newton. Outside of these effects the efficiencies for CXO and XMM-Newton do approach 85%, so this requirement appears achievable for IXO. In this paper we itemize the effects which impact the observing efficiency, in order to guide the design of the observatory. Meeting the 85% requirement should be possible but will require careful attention to detail. C1 [Garcia, Michael; Smith, Randall; Bookbinder, Jay; Patnaude, Dan] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Garcia, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM garcia@head.cfa.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 773244 DI 10.1117/12.857437 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200130 ER PT S AU Grindlay, J Gehrels, N Bloom, J Coppi, P Soderberg, A Hong, J Allen, B Barthelmy, S Tagliaferri, G Moseley, H Kutyrev, A Fabbiano, G Fishman, G Ramsey, B Della Ceca, R Natalucci, L Ubertini, P AF Grindlay, J. Gehrels, N. Bloom, J. Coppi, P. Soderberg, A. Hong, J. Allen, B. Barthelmy, S. Tagliaferri, G. Moseley, H. Kutyrev, A. Fabbiano, G. Fishman, G. Ramsey, B. Della Ceca, R. Natalucci, L. Ubertini, P. BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI Overview of EXIST mission science and implementation SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Black Holes; Gamma-ray Bursts; Pop III stars and galaxies; AGN and supermassive black hole census; coded aperture telescopes and imaging detectors; rapid optical/nIR imaging and spectroscopy at zodiacal limit levels ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLACK-HOLES; REDSHIFT; FIELD; DISCOVERY; GALAXIES AB The Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) is designed to i) use the birth of stellar mass black holes, as revealed by cosmic Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), as probes of the very first stars and galaxies to exist in the Universe. Both their extreme luminosity (similar to 10(4) times larger than the most luminous quasars) and their hard X-ray detectability over the full sky with wide-field imaging make them ideal "back-lights" to measure cosmic structure with X-ray, optical and near-IR (nIR) spectra over many sight lines to high redshift. The full-sky imaging detection and rapid followup narrow-field imaging and spectroscopy allow two additional primary science objectives: ii) novel surveys of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) accreting as very luminous but rare quasars, which can trace the birth and growth of the first SMBHs as well as quiescent SMBHs (non-accreting) which reveal their presence by X-ray flares from the tidal disruption of passing field stars; and iii) a multiwavelength Time Domain Astrophysics (TDA) survey to measure the temporal variability and physics of a wide range of objects, from birth to death of stars and from the thermal to non-thermal Universe. These science objectives are achieved with the telescopes and mission as proposed for EXIST described here. C1 [Grindlay, J.; Soderberg, A.; Hong, J.; Allen, B.; Fabbiano, G.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Grindlay, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM josh@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77321X DI 10.1117/12.857895 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200059 ER PT S AU Hong, J Grindlay, J Allen, B Skinner, G Barthelmy, S Gehrels, N Garson, A Krawczynski, H Cook, W Harrison, F Natalucci, L Ubertini, P AF Hong, J. Grindlay, J. Allen, B. Skinner, G. Barthelmy, S. Gehrels, N. Garson, A. Krawczynski, H. Cook, W. Harrison, F. Natalucci, L. Ubertini, P. CA EXIST HET Team BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI The Proposed High Energy Telescope (HET) for EXIST SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Coded-aperture imaging; X-ray survey; Gamma-ray Burst AB The hard X-ray sky now being studied by INTEGRAL and Swift and soon by NuSTAR is rich with energetic phenomena and highly variable non-thermal phenomena on a broad range of timescales. The High Energy Telescope (HET) on the proposed Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) mission will repeatedly survey the full sky for rare and luminous hard X-ray phenomena at unprecedented sensitivities. It will detect and localize (< 20 '', at 5 sigma threshold) X-ray sources quickly for immediate followup identification by two other onboard telescopes - the Soft X-ray imager (SXI) and Optical/Infrared Telescope (IRT). The large array (4.5 m(2)) of imaging (0.6 mm pixel) CZT detectors in the HET, a coded-aperture telescope, will provide unprecedented high sensitivity (similar to 0.06 mCrab Full Sky in a 2 year continuous scanning survey) in the 5 - 600 keV band. The large field of view (90 degrees x 70 degrees) and zenith scanning with alternating-orbital nodding motion planned for the first 2 years of the mission will enable nearly continuous monitoring of the full sky. A 3y followup pointed mission phase provides deep UV-Optical-IR-Soft X-ray and Hard X-ray imaging and spectroscopy for thousands of sources discovered in the Survey. We review the HET design concept and report the recent progress of the CZT detector development, which is underway through a series of balloon-borne wide-field hard X-ray telescope experiments, ProtoEXIST. We carried out a successful flight of the first generation of fine pixel large area CZT detectors (ProtoEXIST1) on Oct 9, 2009. We also summarize our future plan (ProtoEXIST2 & 3) for the technology development needed for the HET. C1 [Hong, J.; Grindlay, J.; Allen, B.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hong, J (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jaesub@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77321Y DI 10.1117/12.857713 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200060 ER PT S AU Murray, SS Giacconi, R Ptak, A Rosati, P Weisskopf, M Borgani, S Jones, C Parseschi, G Tozzi, P Gilli, R Campana, S Paolillo, M Tagliaferri, G Bautz, M Vikhlinin, A Hickox, R Forman, W AF Murray, Stephen S. Giacconi, R. Ptak, A. Rosati, P. Weisskopf, M. Borgani, S. Jones, C. Parseschi, G. Tozzi, P. Gilli, R. Campana, S. Paolillo, M. Tagliaferri, G. Bautz, M. Vikhlinin, A. Hickox, R. Forman, W. BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI Wide Field X-ray Telescope A Moderate Class Mission SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Sensitive surveys of the X-ray universe have been limited to small areas of the sky due to the intrinsically small field of view of Wolter-I X-ray optics, whose angular resolution degrades with the square of the off axis angle. High angular resolution is needed to achieve a low background per source, minimize source confusion, and distinguish point from extended objects. WFXT consists of three co-aligned wide field X-ray telescopes with a 1 degrees field of view and a less than or similar to 10 '' (goal of 5 '') angular resolution (HEW) over the full field. Total effective area at 1 keV will be > 5000 cm(2). WFXT will perform three surveys that will cover most of the extragalactic sky to 100-1000 times the sensitivity of the ROSAT All Sky Survey, greater than or similar to 2000 deg(2) to deep Chandra or XMM-Newton sensitivity, and greater than or similar to 100 deg(2) to the deepest Chandra sensitivity. WFXT will generate a legacy X-ray data set of greater than or similar to 5 x 10(5) clusters and groups of galaxies to z similar to 2, also characterizing the physics of the intracluster gas for a significant fraction of them, thus providing an unprecedented data set for cosmological applications; it will detect > 10(7) AGN to z > 6, again obtaining spectra for a substantial fraction; it will detect > 10(5) normal/starburst galaxies; and it will detect and characterize star formation regions across the Galaxy. WFXT is the only X-ray survey mission that will match, in area and sensitivity, the next generation of wide-area optical, IR and radio surveys. http://wfxt.pha.jhu.edu C1 [Murray, Stephen S.; Jones, C.; Vikhlinin, A.; Hickox, R.; Forman, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Murray, SS (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Paolillo, Maurizio/J-1733-2012; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Paolillo, Maurizio/0000-0003-4210-7693; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Pareschi, Giovanni/0000-0003-3967-403X; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77321W DI 10.1117/12.856921 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200058 ER PT S AU Romaine, S Bruni, R Gorenstein, P Park, S Reid, P Ramsey, B Kester, T AF Romaine, S. Bruni, R. Gorenstein, P. Park, S. Reid, P. Ramsey, B. Kester, T. BE Arnaud, M Murray, SS Takahashi, T TI Platinum as a release layer for thermally formed optics for IXO SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2010: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010 - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray telescopes; thermal slumping; release agents; microroughness; platinum deposition AB Platinum is being explored as an alternative to the sprayed boron nitride mandrel release coating under study at GSFC for the International X-ray Observatory(1) (IXO). Two and three inch diameter, polished (PFS) and superpolished (SPFS) fused silica flat mandrels, were used for these tests. Pt was applied to the mandrels by DC magnetron sputtering. The substrate material was 400 micron thick D263 glass, the material which has been proposed for the IXO segmented optics. These substrates were placed on the mandrels and thermally cycled with the same thermal profile being used at GSFC in the development of the BN slumping for IXO. After the thermal cycle was complete, the D263 substrates were removed; new D263 substrates were placed on the mandrels and the process was repeated. Four thermal cycles have been completed to date. After initially coating the mandrels with Pt, no further conditioning was applied to the mandrels before or during the thermal cycles. The microroughness of the mandrels and of the D263 substrates was measured before and after thermal cycling. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and 8 keV X-ray reflectivity data are presented. C1 [Romaine, S.; Bruni, R.; Gorenstein, P.; Park, S.; Reid, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Romaine, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM sromaine@cfa.harvard.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8222-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7732 AR 77323T DI 10.1117/12.858109 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ88 UT WOS:000285506200119 ER PT S AU Pillitteri, I Wolk, SJ Allen, L Megeath, ST Gutermuth, RA AF Pillitteri, Ignazio Wolk, S. J. Allen, L. Megeath, S. T. Gutermuth, R. A. CA Soxs Collaboration BE DeGrijs, R Lepine, JRD TI The population of young stars in Orion A: X-rays and IR properties SO STAR CLUSTERS: BASIC GALACTIC BUILDING BLOCKS THROUGHOUT TIME AND SPACE SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 266th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 10-14, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IAU Div, IAU Commiss, Int Astronom Union DE stars: activity; stars: formation; open clusters and associations: individual (Orion A, L1641); X-rays: stars; infrared: stars C1 [Pillitteri, Ignazio; Wolk, S. J.; Gutermuth, R. A.] Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Pillitteri, I (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Pillitteri, Ignazio/L-1549-2016 OI Pillitteri, Ignazio/0000-0003-4948-6550 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76499-5 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 266 BP 509 EP 509 DI 10.1017/S1743921309991852 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BRI80 UT WOS:000282782600106 ER PT S AU Wright, NJ Drake, JJ AF Wright, N. J. Drake, J. J. BE DeGrijs, R Lepine, JRD TI The massive star-forming region Cygnus OB2 SO STAR CLUSTERS: BASIC GALACTIC BUILDING BLOCKS THROUGHOUT TIME AND SPACE SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 266th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY AUG 10-14, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IAU Div, IAU Commiss, Int Astronom Union DE open clusters and associations: individual (Cygnus OB2); stars: pre main-sequence; X-rays: stars ID ASSOCIATION; IPHAS AB We present results from a catalogue of 1696 X-ray point sources detected in the massive star-forming region Cygnus OB2, the majority of which have optical or near-infrared associations. We derive ages of 3.5 and 5.25 Myr for the stellar populations in our two fields, in agreement with recent studies that suggest that the central 1-3 Myr-old OB association is surrounded and contaminated by an older population with an age of 5-10 Myr. The fraction of sources with protoplanetary disks, as traced by K-band excesses, is unusually low. Although this has previously been interpreted as due to the influence of the large number of OB stars in Cyg OB2, contamination from an older population of stars in the region could also be responsible. An initial mass function is derived and found to have a slope of Gamma = -1.27, in agreement with the canonical value. Finally, we introduce the recently approved Chandra Cygnus OB2 Legacy Survey that; will image a 1 square degree area of the Cygnus OB2 association to a depth of 120 ks, likely detecting similar to 10 000 stellar X-ray sources. C1 [Wright, N. J.; Drake, J. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wright, NJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76499-5 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 5 IS 266 BP 551 EP 554 DI 10.1017/S1743921309992055 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BRI80 UT WOS:000282782600126 ER PT S AU Hayward, CC Jonsson, P Noeske, K Wuyts, S Cox, TJ Narayanan, D Groves, B Hernquist, L AF Hayward, Christopher C. Jonsson, Patrik Noeske, Kai Wuyts, Stijn Cox, T. J. Narayanan, Desika Groves, Brent Hernquist, Lars BE Bruzual, GA Charlot, S TI Testing star formation rate indicators using galaxy merger simulations and radiative transfer SO STELLAR POPULATIONS: PLANNING FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE IAU Symposium Proceedings Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 262nd Symposium of the International-Astronomical Union CY AUG 03-07, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IAU Div, IAU Commiss, Int Astronom Union, Minist Ciencia Tecnologia, Conselho Nacl Pesquisas, Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Sao Paulo, Fundacao Amparo Pesquisa Estado Rio de Janeiro, Coordenacao Aperfeicoamento Pessoal Nivel Superior DE stars: formation; galaxies: stellar content; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: starburst; galaxies: high-redshift; dust; extinction; radiative transfer ID AEGIS FIELD GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATIONS; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; FORMING GALAXIES; DUST; MODEL; STARBURST99; EVOLUTION; EMISSION; SEQUENCE AB We discuss our ongoing project analyzing N-body/smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulations of isolated and merging galaxies, performed using GADGET-2 (Springel 2005), with the 3-D adaptive grid, poly-chromatic Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SUNRISE (Jonsson 2006). We apply commonly used UV, optical, and IR star formation rate (SFR) indicators to the integrated spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the simulated galaxies in order to determine how well the SFR, indicators recover the instantaneous SFR in the simulations. The models underlying each SFR, indicator must necessarily make assumptions about physical properties of the galaxies, e.g., the star formation history (SFH), whereas all such properties are known in the simulations. This enables us to test and compare SFR indicators in a way that is complementary to observational studies. We present one preliminary result of interest: even after correcting the Ho luminosity for dust using the Calzetti el al. (2000) attenuation law the SFR, is significantly underestimated for simulated galaxies with SFR, greater than or similar to 10 M(circle dot) yr(-1). C1 [Hayward, Christopher C.; Jonsson, Patrik; Noeske, Kai; Wuyts, Stijn; Narayanan, Desika; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hayward, CC (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM chayward@cfa.harvard.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1743-9213 BN 978-0-521-76484-1 J9 IAU SYMP P SERIES JI IAU Symposium Proc. Series PY 2010 VL 262 IS 262 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1017/S1743921310002875 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BRI77 UT WOS:000282780700044 ER PT J AU Gervais, C Grissom, CA Little, N Wachowiak, MJ AF Gervais, Claire Grissom, Carol A. Little, Nicole Wachowiak, Melvin J. TI Cleaning Marble with Ammonium Citrate SO STUDIES IN CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID CITRIC-ACID; DISSOLUTION; KINETICS; CALCITE; STONE AB Ammonium citrate solutions were tested to determine possible damage on marble using two concentrations four different values of pH and several variations in application As pH dropped from mints of 10 to 7 marble chips immersed in the solutions showed increasing dissolution of calcite and polished marble tiles to winch solutions had been applied showed increasing loss of gloss and brightness The least damage to marble tiles was produced when solutions were covered during application and single cleanings were found to be less damaging than multiple cleanings of the same total application time Comparison with other cleaning agents - ammonium thioglycolate and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) showed that ammonium citrate solutions could be as mild as thioglycolate when used in sonic conditions such as high pH and low concentration In contrast ammonium citrate solutions could harm the stone significantly when used in other conditions such as pH 7 or high airflow In these cases the damage was nearly as much as a 2% solution of EDTA at pH 10 This study emphasizes the need to develop new cleaning products research which can only go hand in hand with a better understanding of the various interactions taking place between cleaning agent substrate and environment C1 [Gervais, Claire; Little, Nicole; Wachowiak, Melvin J.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Grissom, Carol A.] St Louis Univ, Ctr Archaeometry Washington, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Gervais, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, 4210 Silver Hill Rd, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RI Gervais, Claire/E-5505-2012; Little, Nicole/L-6420-2015 OI Gervais, Claire/0000-0003-2433-5537; Little, Nicole/0000-0002-9533-3187 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT INST CONSERVATION HISTORIC ARTISTIC WORKS PI LONDON PA 6 BUCKINGHAM ST, LONDON WC2N 6BA, ENGLAND SN 0039-3630 J9 STUD CONSERV JI Stud. Conserv. PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 164 EP 176 PG 13 WC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Archaeology; Art; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 694GS UT WOS:000285283600005 ER PT J AU Robbins, RK AF Robbins, Robert K. TI The "upside down" systematics of hairstreak butterflies (Lycaenidae) that eat pineapple and other Bromeliaceae SO STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE basilides; megarus; Neotropical Eumaeini; Strymon; Thecla; ziba ID FRUIT BORER; LEPIDOPTERA AB All Lycaenidae larvae that eat Bromeliaceae belong to the Strymon ziba and S. serapio species groups, but confusion with taxonomy has resulted in widespread misidentification of the butterflies in both the ecological and agricultural literature. Published food plant records are assessed, and new rearing records are presented. The species that have been recorded eating Bromeliaceae are Strymon ziba (Hewitson), S. megarus (Godart), S. lucena (Hewitson), S. oreala (Hewitson), S. serapio (Godman & Salvin), S. azuba (Hewitson), and S. gabatha (Hewitson). The first four are recorded from pineapple, with the sympatric S. megarus and S. ziba sometimes being especially destructive in commercial fields. Most published records lump these two species and misidentify them under the names Thecla basilides, Thecla basalides, or Tmolus echion. Strymon ziba has also been reared from other monocotyledon plant families, such as Heliconiaceae and Haemodoraceae. In most cases, caterpillars eat flowers and fruits, but larvae of S. megarus and/or S. ziba may also bore into leaves when flowers and fruits are unavailable. The known bromeliad feeders are illustrated, and distinguishing characters are noted. The female butterflies appear to use reddish color as a visual cue, which could be the basis for a non-insecticidal means of controlling outbreaks in commercial pineapple crops. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Robbins, RK (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, POB 37012,NHB Stop 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM robbinsr@si.edu NR 102 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-0521 EI 1744-5140 J9 STUD NEOTROP FAUNA E JI Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 21 EP 37 DI 10.1080/01650521003751712 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 596BV UT WOS:000277659400003 ER PT J AU LaPolla, JS Brady, SG Shattuck, SO AF LaPolla, John S. Brady, Sean G. Shattuck, Steven O. TI Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIVERSIFICATION; REVISION; OUTLINE AB We investigated the phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group, a clade of ants we define within the subfamily Formicinae comprising the genera Euprenolepis, Nylanderia, gen. rev., Paraparatrechina, gen. rev. & stat. nov., Paratrechina, Prenolepis and Pseudolasius. We inferred a phylogeny of the Prenolepis genus-group using DNA sequence data from five genes (CAD, EF1 alpha F1, EF1 alpha F2, wingless and COI) sampled from 50 taxa. Based on the results of this phylogeny the taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group was re-examined. Paratrechina (broad sense) species segregated into three distinct, robust clades. Paratrechina longicornis represents a distinct lineage, a result consistent with morphological evidence; because this is the type species for the genus, Paratrechina is redefined as a monotypic genus. Two formerly synonymized subgenera, Nylanderia and Paraparatrechina, are raised to generic status in order to provide names for the other two clades. The majority of taxa formerly placed in Paratrechina, 133 species and subspecies, are transferred to Nylanderia, and 28 species and subspecies are transferred to Paraparatrechina. In addition, two species are transferred from Pseudolasius to Paraparatrechina and one species of Pseudolasius is transferred to Nylanderia. A morphological diagnosis for the worker caste of all six genera is provided, with a discussion of the morphological characters used to define each genus. Two genera, Prenolepis and Pseudolasius, were not recovered as monophyletic by the molecular data, and the implications of this result are discussed. A worker-based key to the genera of the Prenolepis genus-group is provided. C1 [LaPolla, John S.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Shattuck, Steven O.] CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP LaPolla, JS (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM JLapolla@towson.edu RI Shattuck, Steve/B-2258-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0743542, EF-0431330]; Australian Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities' Taxonomy Research and Information Network FX This project would not have been possible without the kind support of the many biologists who sent us specimens for both molecular and morphological analysis. For specimens we sincerely thank: Gary Alpert, Daniel Burckhardt, Stefan Cover, Lloyd Davis, Brian Fisher, Milan Janda, Fabio Penati, Martin Pfeiffer, Phil Ward, Jim Wetterer, Volker Witte and Seiki Yamane. We thank Alex Wild for the use of his photographs. Katrina Pagenkopp and Nor Dahlan provided valuable laboratory support. Scott Whittaker provided assistance with the SEM work. Helpful comments and suggestions about the manuscript were provided by three anonymous reviewers. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DEB-0743542, EF-0431330, and the Australian Commonwealth Environment Research Facilities' Taxonomy Research and Information Network. NR 56 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0307-6970 EI 1365-3113 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 118 EP 131 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 540HJ UT WOS:000273321800008 ER PT J AU Kitahara, MV Cairns, SD Miller, DJ AF Kitahara, Marcelo V. Cairns, Stephen D. Miller, David J. TI Monophyletic origin of Caryophyllia (Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae), with descriptions of six new species SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; Australia; azooxanthellate; Caryophyllia; deep-sea; New Caledonia; phylogenetic analysis; Scleractinia ID AZOOXANTHELLATE SCLERACTINIA; CNIDARIA ANTHOZOA; CORALS; EVOLUTION; VANUATU AB The genus Caryophyllia Lamarck, 1816 is the most diverse genus within the azooxanthellate Scleractinia comprising 66 Recent species and a purported 195 nominal fossil species. Examination of part of the deep-sea scleractinian collection made by the Paris Museum off New Caledonia and part of the material collected by CSIRO off Australian waters revealed the occurrence of 23 species of Caryophyllia, of which six are new to science. All new records, including the new species, are described, and synonyms, distribution, type locality, type material and illustration are provided for each species. An identification key to all Recent species of Caryophyllia is presented. In addition, the validity of the genus Caryophyllia was investigated by phylogenetic analyses of a dataset consisting of partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences from 12 species assigned to this genus together with seven species representing some of the most morphologically similar caryophylliid genera, and 14 non-caryophyllid species representing 14 scleractinian families. Irrespective of the method of analysis employed, all of the Caryophyllia species formed a well-supported clade together with Dasmosmilia lymani and Crispatotrochus rugosus. Although based on a subset of the Recent Caryophyllia species, these results are consistent with Caryophyllia being a valid genus, but call for a reexamination of Dasmosmilia and Crispatotrochus. C1 [Kitahara, Marcelo V.; Miller, David J.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Kitahara, Marcelo V.; Miller, David J.] James Cook Univ, Coral Genom Grp, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Cairns, Stephen D.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Kitahara, MV (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Mol Sci Bld,Douglas Campus, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM mvkitahara@yahoo.com.br RI Kitahara, Marcelo/D-5560-2011; Manager, MEEL/C-4732-2015 FU Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC); Environment Australia (now the Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts); Australian CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) [SS102005, SS022007]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) FX We would like to thank Professor Dr Karen Miller and Dr Felicity Mcennulty for the loan of material collected off south and western Australia: the 1997 survey (SS01997) was conducted by the Australian CSIRO Marine Research with funding from the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC) and Environment Australia (now the Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts); the 2005/2007 cruises (SS102005 and SS022007) were funded by the Australian CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Wealth from Oceans Flagship with the assistance of the Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; and the NOR-FANZ cruise was a collaboration between Australia's National Oceans Office (now the Australian Government Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts), Australia's CSIROMarine and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand's Ministry of Fisheries and New Zealand's National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Sciences. We also thank Dr Carden Wallace and Mrs Barbara Done for the logistic helpwith the loans. We are grateful to Dr Pierre Lozouet, Dr Aude Andouche and Dr Philippe Bouchet for providing part of the material used in the present study. The first author is very thankful to Mr James Robinson and Mr Dustin Edge for the technical assistance. The first author also thanks the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for the PhD scholarship. NR 87 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2000 EI 1478-0933 J9 SYST BIODIVERS JI Syst. Biodivers. PY 2010 VL 8 IS 1 BP 91 EP 118 DI 10.1080/14772000903571088 PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 589XG UT WOS:000277186900009 ER PT J AU Borges, PAV Gabriel, R Arroz, AM Costa, A Cunha, RT Silva, L Mendonca, E Martins, AMF Reis, F Cardoso, P AF Borges, Paulo A. V. Gabriel, Rosalina Arroz, Ana M. Costa, Ana Cunha, Regina T. Silva, Luis Mendonca, Enesima Martins, Antonio M. F. Reis, Francisco Cardoso, Pedro TI The Azorean Biodiversity Portal: An internet database for regional biodiversity outreach SO SYSTEMATICS AND BIODIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Azores; biodiversity; database; science communication; species distribution; webpage ID CONSERVATION; ARTHROPODS; ISLANDS; INFRASTRUCTURE; INFORMATICS; ARCHIPELAGO; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; TERCEIRA; EXAMPLE AB There is a growing interest in academia to provide biodiversity data to both the scientific community and the public. We present an internet database of the terrestrial lichens, bryophytes, vascular plants, molluscs, arthropods, vertebrates and coastal invertebrates of the Azores archipelago (Portugal, North Atlantic): the Azorean Biodiversity Portal (ABP, http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/). This is a unique resource for fundamental research in systematics, biodiversity, education and conservation management. The ABP was based on a regional species database (ATLANTIS), comprised of grid-based spatial incidence information for c. 5000 species. Most of the data rely on a comprehensive literature survey (dating back to the 19th century) as well as unpublished records from recent field surveys in the Azores. The ABP disseminates the ATLANTIS database to the public, allowing universal, unrestricted access to much of its data. Complementarily, the ABP includes additional information of interest to the general public (e.g. literature on Macaronesian biodiversity) together with images from collections and/or live specimens for many species. In this contribution we explain the implementation of a regional biodiversity database, its architecture, achievements and outcomes, strengths and limitations; we further include a number of suggestions in order to implement similar initiatives. C1 [Borges, Paulo A. V.; Gabriel, Rosalina; Arroz, Ana M.; Mendonca, Enesima; Cardoso, Pedro] Univ Acores, Azorean Biodivers Grp CITAA, Dept Ciencias Agr, P-9701851 Terceira, Acores, Portugal. [Costa, Ana; Cunha, Regina T.; Silva, Luis; Martins, Antonio M. F.] Univ Acores, CIBIO Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources Polo Ac, Dept Biol, P-9501801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal. [Reis, Francisco] Univ Acores, Ctr Estudos Clima Meteorol & Mudancas Globais C C, Dep Ciencias Agr, P-9701851 Angra Do Heroismo, Portugal. [Cardoso, Pedro] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Borges, PAV (reprint author), Univ Acores, Azorean Biodivers Grp CITAA, Dept Ciencias Agr, P-9701851 Terceira, Acores, Portugal. EM pborges@uac.pt; rgabriel@uac.pt; accosta@uac.pt; rcunha@uac.pt; lsilva@uac.pt; frias@uac.pt RI Borges, Paulo/B-2780-2008; Gabriel, Rosalina/F-1598-2013; Costa, Ana Cristina/L-8023-2013; Tristao da Cunha, Regina/M-3489-2013; Cardoso, Pedro/A-8820-2008; Martins, Antonio/L-7932-2013 OI Borges, Paulo/0000-0002-8448-7623; Arroz, Ana/0000-0001-8279-4470; Gabriel, Rosalina/0000-0002-3550-8010; Costa, Ana Cristina/0000-0002-0258-3460; Tristao da Cunha, Regina/0000-0003-4234-3223; Cardoso, Pedro/0000-0001-8119-9960; Silva, Luis/0000-0002-3434-6056; Martins, Antonio/0000-0001-5358-8424 FU CITA-A (University of Azores); 'Direccao Regional do Ambiente e do Mar' (Azores Government); FCT [PTDC/BIA-BEC/100182/2008, PTDC/BIA-BEC/104571/2008] FX We are grateful to Jose Luis Martin for his vision in leading the ATLANTIS database creation. We thank the Editor, Elliot Shubert, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. The generation of the 'The Azorean Biodiversity Portal' was one of the objectives of the ATLANTICO and BIONATURA Interreg IIIB projects, with the general coordination of Direccion General del Medio Natural del Gobierno de Canarias and Azorean coordination of ARENA (Azores) and Direccao Regional do Ambiente (Azores). The website is currently being funded by CITA-A (University of Azores) and 'Direccao Regional do Ambiente e do Mar' (Azores Government). PAVB is currently being funded by the FCT Projects (PTDC/BIA-BEC/100182/2008 and PTDC/BIA-BEC/104571/2008). NR 62 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1477-2000 J9 SYST BIODIVERS JI Syst. Biodivers. PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 423 EP 434 AR PII 931445397 DI 10.1080/14772000.2010.514306 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 697LX UT WOS:000285516200003 ER PT J AU Stephens, CE AF Stephens, Carlene E. TI Ruth Belville: The Greenwich Time Lady SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stephens, Carlene E.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Stephens, CE (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Amer Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 51 IS 1 BP 248 EP 249 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 577KV UT WOS:000276222900022 ER PT J AU Laurance, WF AF Laurance, William F. BE Losos, JB Ricklefs, RE TI Beyond Island Biogeography Theory UNDERSTANDING HABITAT FRAGMENTATION IN THE REAL WORLD SO THEORY OF ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY REVISITED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS; SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP; AUSTRALIAN WHEAT-BELT; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; NATURE-RESERVES; EQUILIBRIUM-THEORY; TURNOVER RATES; CONSERVATION PRACTICE; EXTINCTION PRONENESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Laurance, WF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. NR 140 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU PRINCETON UNIV PRESS PI PRINCETON PA 41 WILLIAM ST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA BN 978-0-691-13652-3 PY 2010 BP 214 EP 236 PG 23 WC Developmental Biology; Geography, Physical SC Developmental Biology; Physical Geography GA BTE31 UT WOS:000286633900010 ER PT J AU Siriaroonrat, B Comizzoli, P Songsasen, N Monfort, SL Wildt, DE Pukazhenthi, BS AF Siriaroonrat, B. Comizzoli, P. Songsasen, N. Monfort, S. L. Wildt, D. E. Pukazhenthi, B. S. TI Oocyte quality and estradiol supplementation affect in vitro maturation success in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estradiol; IVM; Nuclear maturation; Oocyte; White-tailed deer ID MATURING HUMAN OOCYTES; BOVINE OOCYTES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; PHOSPHORYLATION PATTERNS; STEROID-HORMONES; CERVUS-ELAPHUS; PIG OOCYTES; INVITRO; 17-BETA-ESTRADIOL AB White-tailed deer oocyte biology is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine (1) the influence of estradiol (E(2)) supplementation on meiotic resumption and the ability to "rescue" poorer quality (lower grade) oocytes and (2) the kinetics of oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro in the white-tailed deer. In Experiment 1, immature oocytes harvested during hunting-culling operations were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of E(2). Incubation in 1 mu g/mL E(2) promoted nuclear maturation (to telophase I, TI; or to metaphase II, MII) in a higher proportion of Grade 1 oocytes (similar to 77%; P < 0.05) compared with that in Grade 2 or Grade 3 counterparts (similar to 51%). For Grades 2 and 3 oocytes, there was no advantage (P > 0.05) for E(2) supplementation in reaching TI/MII. In Experiment 2, Grade 1 oocytes were cultured in the presence of E(2) and nuclear status evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h of in vitro incubation. At 0 h, > 70% of oocytes already had undergone germinal vesicle breakdown. After 12 h, similar to 70% of oocytes had reached metaphase I of nuclear maturation, with similar to 75% achieving TI/MII by 24 h in vitro. In summary, adding E(2) to an in vitro maturation (IVM) culture system for white-tailed deer was advantageous, but only for the highest quality oocytes, with similar to 75% achieving nuclear maturation. In contrast, E(2) supplement did not benefit lower-grade oocytes, half of which will reach MII, with the other half failing. Under the described culture conditions, good-quality white-tailed deer oocytes achieve nuclear maturation over a time duration comparable with that reported in other ungulates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Siriaroonrat, B.; Comizzoli, P.; Songsasen, N.; Monfort, S. L.; Wildt, D. E.; Pukazhenthi, B. S.] Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Front Royal, VA USA. [Siriaroonrat, B.] George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Pukazhenthi, BS (reprint author), Conservat & Res Ctr, Ctr Species Survival, Dept Reprod Sci, Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. EM pukazhenthib@si.edu FU National Zoo; Morris Animal Foundation; George Mason University FX We thank Joe Witt, Holly Obrecht, Earl Hodnett, David Kocka, Dan Lovelace, Linwood Williamson, Lisa Ware, Warren Lynch, and Scott Derrickson for providing ovaries during the culling operation. This study was supported by funds from the Smithsonian Scholarly Studies Program, Friends of the National Zoo, and the Morris Animal Foundation. Boripat Siriaroonrat was a recipient of a Graduate Fellowship from George Mason University. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.08.007 PG 8 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 584KF UT WOS:000276749900013 PM 19853902 ER PT J AU Sanderson, EW Forrest, J Loucks, C Ginsberg, J Dinerstein, E Seidensticker, J Leimgruber, P Songer, M Heydlauff, A O'Brien, T Bryja, G Klenzendorf, S Wikramanayake, E AF Sanderson, Eric W. Forrest, Jessica Loucks, Colby Ginsberg, Joshua Dinerstein, Eric Seidensticker, John Leimgruber, Peter Songer, Melissa Heydlauff, Andrea O'Brien, Timothy Bryja, Gosia Klenzendorf, Sybille Wikramanayake, Eric BE Tilson, R Nyhus, PJ TI Setting Priorities for Tiger Conservation: 2005-2015 SO TIGERS OF THE WORLD: THE SCIENCE, POLITICS, AND CONSERVATION OF PANTHERA TIGRIS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DENSITIES; FORESTS; WORLDS; RATES; WILD C1 [Sanderson, Eric W.; Forrest, Jessica; Ginsberg, Joshua; Heydlauff, Andrea; O'Brien, Timothy; Bryja, Gosia] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. [Loucks, Colby; Dinerstein, Eric; Klenzendorf, Sybille; Wikramanayake, Eric] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Seidensticker, John] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Leimgruber, Peter; Songer, Melissa] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Sanderson, EW (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-094751-8 PY 2010 BP 143 EP 161 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1570-8.00009-8 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Veterinary Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Veterinary Sciences GA BES23 UT WOS:000317922600011 ER PT J AU Wikramanayake, E Dinerstein, E Forrest, J Loucks, C Seidensticker, J Klenzendorf, S Sanderson, EW Simons, R Heydlauff, A Ginsberg, J O'Brien, T Leimgruber, P Songer, M Bryja, G AF Wikramanayake, Eric Dinerstein, Eric Forrest, Jessica Loucks, Colby Seidensticker, John Klenzendorf, Sybille Sanderson, Eric W. Simons, Ross Heydlauff, Andrea Ginsberg, Joshua O'Brien, Timothy Leimgruber, Peter Songer, Melissa Bryja, Gosia BE Tilson, R Nyhus, PJ TI Roads to Recovery or Catastrophic Loss: How Will the Next Decade End for Wild Tigers? SO TIGERS OF THE WORLD: THE SCIENCE, POLITICS, AND CONSERVATION OF PANTHERA TIGRIS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSERVATION; FOREST C1 [Wikramanayake, Eric] World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Dinerstein, Eric; Forrest, Jessica; Loucks, Colby; Klenzendorf, Sybille] World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Seidensticker, John] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Washington, DC USA. [Sanderson, Eric W.; Heydlauff, Andrea; Ginsberg, Joshua; O'Brien, Timothy; Bryja, Gosia] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. [Simons, Ross] Simons & Associates, Alexandria, VA USA. [Leimgruber, Peter; Songer, Melissa] Smithsonians Natl Zool Pk, Front Royal, VA USA. RP Wikramanayake, E (reprint author), World Wildlife Fund, Conservat Sci Program, 1250 24th St NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RI Leimgruber, Peter/O-1304-2015 OI Leimgruber, Peter/0000-0002-3682-0153 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-094751-8 PY 2010 BP 493 EP 506 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-1570-8.00040-2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Veterinary Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Veterinary Sciences GA BES23 UT WOS:000317922600042 ER PT J AU Zeigler, SL Fagan, WF DeFries, R Raboy, BE AF Zeigler, Sara L. Fagan, William F. DeFries, Ruth Raboy, Becky E. TI Identifying Important Forest Patches for the Long-term Persistence of the Endangered Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) SO TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic forest; Golden-headed lion tamarin; Minimum area requirement; Minimum viable population (MVP); Population viability analysis (PVA) ID BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; HABITAT; POPULATIONS; FRAGMENTATION; CONNECTIVITY; VIABILITY; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL; REMNANTS AB As habitat for the golden-headed lion tamarin (GHLT; Leontopithecus chrysomelas) in Brazil's Atlantic forest becomes smaller and more fragmented, remaining large forest patches may be critical to the persistence of the species. The objectives of our study were to identify the forest patch size that could support a viable population of GHLTs under a range of risk scenarios and to locate patches meeting these size requirements. We found the self-sustaining minimum viable population (MVP) size of GHLTs using the simulation program Vortex under a baseline model and under several anthropogenic disturbance models. We multiplied the MVP size determined in each model scenario by low, medium, and high GHLT population densities to estimate a minimum area requirement. We then used a forest cover map derived through a supervised classification of 2004-2008 Landsat 5TM imagery to locate forest patches meeting the range of minimum area requirements. We found that the MVP size of GHLTs is 70-960 individuals, requiring a forest patch size of 700-18,113 ha depending on the risk level or scenario considered. We found one forest patch that could support a genetically viable, self-sustaining population of GHLTs under the highest level of risk. However, only one federally protected reserve known to currently support GHLTs exists within the range of the species while continuing deforestation, land conversion, and construction projects are real and major threats to the remaining GHLT habitat. Research into the quality and occupancy of the largest patches highlighted here as well as additional protection of habitat needs to be a priority for GHLT conservation. C1 [Zeigler, Sara L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fagan, William F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeFries, Ruth] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY USA. [Raboy, Becky E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Raboy, Becky E.] Inst Estudos Socioambientais Sul Bahia, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. RP Zeigler, SL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM szeigler@umd.edu; bfagan@umd.edu; rd2402@columbia.edu; raboyb@si.edu FU Explorer's Club, Washington Group Exploration and Field Research FX We thank Maile Neel, Leonardo Oliveira, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this manuscript. We also thank Douglas Morton and Alessandro Coelho Marques who provided technical assistance in the classification of remotely sensed data. Long-term demographic data on GHLTs were obtained by B. Raboy and J. Dietz and their field assistants Jose Renato, Daniel Batista, Gilvan Gomes Mota, Gilvanio Gomes Mota, and Jiomario Sousa from studies in Una Biological Reserve authorized by IBAMA and CNPq. Reserve directors Saturnino Souza and Paulo Cruz were instrumental in their support. Jonathan Ballou provided valuable assistance in the analysis of demographic data used to parameterize our PVA models. Special thanks to Leonardo Oliveira who provided training data for the landscape classification and acted as a guide for S. Zeigler while visiting Brazil. Finally, we thank Nayara Cardoso and Leonardo Neves of the Conexao Mico Leao Project (Smithsonian/IESB) survey team. S. Zeigler was supported by an Explorer's Club, Washington Group Exploration and Field Research Grant. NR 55 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 27 PU TROPICAL CONSERVATION SCIENCE PI MENLO PARK PA PO BOX 0291, MENLO PARK, CA 94026-0291 USA SN 1940-0829 J9 TROP CONSERV SCI JI Trop. Conserv. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V21YD UT WOS:000208242000006 ER PT S AU Isenberg, PA Vasquez, BJ Cranmer, SR AF Isenberg, Philip A. Vasquez, Bernard J. Cranmer, Steven R. BE Maksimovic, M Issautier, K MeyerVernet, N Moncuquet, M Pantellini, F TI Modeling the Preferential Acceleration and Heating of Coronal Hole O5+ as Measured by UVCS/SOHO SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 21-26, 2009 CL St Milo, FRANCE SP LESIA, Paris Observ, CNRS, CNES, French Natl Sun Earth Connect Program, European Space Agcy, NASA DE solar wind; preferential acceleration; ion cyclotron waves; coronal holes ID R-CIRCLE-DOT; SOLAR CORONA; MINOR IONS; GENERATION; WIND AB We have recently presented a mechanism for preferential acceleration and heating of coronal hole minor ions [1, 2]. The energization is due to the effect of multiple cyclotron resonances in the presence of sunward and anti- sunward dispersive ion cyclotron waves, providing a second-order Fermi interaction. The mechanism is preferential because coronal hole protons do not experience such multiple resonances. The detailed model results depend on many parameters, including poorly-known quantities such as the wave intensities, spectral shapes and radial profiles. In this paper, we show that reasonable choices for these quantities can yield excellent agreement with the observations. We find that only a small fraction of the extrapolated wave power is needed to provide the observed heating, and there is an indication that the resonant wave levels are increasing with radial position between r = 2 R-S and 4 R-S. C1 [Isenberg, Philip A.; Vasquez, Bernard J.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Cranmer, Steven R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Isenberg, PA (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM phil.isenberg@unh.edu FU NSF [ATM0719738]; DoE [DEFG0207ER46372]; NASA [NNX06AG95G, NNX09AB27G] FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant ATM0719738, DoE grant DEFG0207ER46372, and NASA grants NNX06AG95G and NNX09AB27G. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0759-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1216 BP 56 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3395929 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQO19 UT WOS:000281438100013 ER PT S AU Breech, B Cranmer, SR Matthaeus, WH Kasper, JC Oughton, S AF Breech, Ben Cranmer, Steven R. Matthaeus, William H. Kasper, Justin C. Oughton, Sean BE Maksimovic, M Issautier, K MeyerVernet, N Moncuquet, M Pantellini, F TI Heating of the solar wind with electron and proton effects SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 21-26, 2009 CL St Milo, FRANCE SP LESIA, Paris Observ, CNRS, CNES, French Natl Sun Earth Connect Program, European Space Agcy, NASA DE turbulence; solar wind; electron heat conduction ID ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; TURBULENCE; DISSIPATION; TRANSPORT; 1-AU; FLUCTUATIONS; CASCADE; FLUX AB We examine the effects of including effects of both protons and electrons on the heating of the fast solar wind through two different approaches. In the first approach, we incorporate the electron temperature in an MHD turbulence transport model for the solar wind. In the second approach, we adopt more empirically based methods by analyzing the measured proton and electron temperatures to calculate the heat deposition rates. Overall, we conclude that incorporating separate proton and electron temperatures and heat conduction effects provides an improved and more complete model of the heating of the solar wind. C1 [Breech, Ben] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cranmer, Steven R.; Kasper, Justin C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Matthaeus, William H.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Oughton, Sean] Univ Waikato, Dept Math, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Breech, B (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM babreech@gmail.com; whm@udel.edu; jkasper@cfa.harvard.edu; seano@waikato.ac.nz RI Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Oughton, Sean/A-3380-2012 OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Oughton, Sean/0000-0002-2814-7288 FU NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA [NNG04GE77G, NNX06AG95G, NNX09-AB27G, NNX08AI47G, NNX08AW07G]; NSF [ATM 0752135] FX BABs research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center. SRCs work was supported by the NASA under grants NNG04GE77G, NNX06AG95G, and NNX09-AB27G to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. WHMs research was supported by NSF ATM 0752135 (SHINE) and NASA NNX08AI47G (Heliophysics Theory Program). JCKs research was supported in part by NASA grant NNX08AW07G. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0759-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1216 BP 214 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3395840 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQO19 UT WOS:000281438100051 ER PT S AU Slavin, JD Frisch, PC Heerikhuisen, J Pogorelov, NV Mueller, HR Reach, WT Zank, GP Dasgupta, B Avinash, K AF Slavin, J. D. Frisch, P. C. Heerikhuisen, J. Pogorelov, N. V. Mueller, H. -R. Reach, W. T. Zank, G. P. Dasgupta, B. Avinash, K. BE Maksimovic, M Issautier, K MeyerVernet, N Moncuquet, M Pantellini, F TI Exclusion of Tiny Interstellar Dust Grains From the Heliosphere SO TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL SOLAR WIND CONFERENCE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Solar Wind Conference CY JUN 21-26, 2009 CL St Milo, FRANCE SP LESIA, Paris Observ, CNRS, CNES, French Natl Sun Earth Connect Program, European Space Agcy, NASA DE heliosphere; interstellar matter ID TERMINATION SHOCK; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; NEUTRAL HYDROGEN; SOLAR-WIND; EXTINCTION; RADIATION; ULTRAVIOLET; ASYMMETRIES; ABUNDANCE; EMISSION AB The distribution of interstellar dust grains (ISDG) observed in the Solar System depends on the nature of the interstellar medium-solar wind interaction. The charge of the grains couples them to the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF) resulting in some fraction of grains being excluded from the heliosphere while grains on the larger end of the size distribution, with gyroradii comparable to the size of the heliosphere, penetrate the termination shock. This results in a skewing the size distribution detected in the Solar System. We present new calculations of grain trajectories and the resultant grain density distribution for small ISDGs propagating through the heliosphere. We make use of detailed heliosphere model results, using three-dimensional (3-D) magnetohydrodynamic/kinetic models designed to match data on the shape of the termination shock and the relative deflection of interstellar H degrees and He degrees flowing into the heliosphere. We find that the necessary inclination of the ISMF relative to the inflow direction results in an asymmetry in the distribution of the larger grains (0.1 mu m) that penetrate the heliopause. Smaller grains (0.01 mu m) are completely excluded from the Solar System at the heliopause. C1 [Slavin, J. D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Frisch, P. C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Heerikhuisen, J.; Pogorelov, N. V.; Zank, G. P.; Dasgupta, B.; Avinash, K.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Mueller, H. -R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 6127 Wilder Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Reach, W. T.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Slavin, JD (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jacob.heerikhuisen@uah.edu; np0002@uah.edu; zank@cspar.uah.edu OI Mueller, Hans-Reinhard/0000-0001-7364-5377; Reach, William/0000-0001-8362-4094; Heerikhuisen, Jacob/0000-0001-7867-3633 FU NASA [NNX08AJ33G, NNX09AH50G, NNX07AH18G, NNX08AJ21G, NNX09AB24G, NNX09AG29G, NNX09AG62G, NNG05EC85C] FX This work has been supported by NASA grants NNX08AJ33G, NNX09AH50G, NNX07AH18G, NNX08AJ21G, NNX09AB24G, NNX09AG29G, and NNX09AG62G, and NASA contract NNG05EC85C. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0759-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1216 BP 497 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3396301 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQO19 UT WOS:000281438100116 ER PT S AU Farrell, SA Servillat, M Oates, SR Heywood, I Godet, O Webb, NA Barret, D AF Farrell, S. A. Servillat, M. Oates, S. R. Heywood, I. Godet, O. Webb, N. A. Barret, D. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI Further Observations of the Intermediate Mass Black Hole Candidate ESO 243-49 HLX-1 SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE Black holes; X-ray binaries; Infall, accretion, and accretion discs; X-ray sources ID STAR-FORMATION; CATALOG AB The brightest Ultra-Luminous X-ray source HLX-1 in the galaxy ESO 243-49 currently provides strong evidence for the existence of intermediate mass black holes. Here we present the latest multi-wavelength results on this intriguing source in X-ray, UV and radio bands. We have refined the X-ray position to sub-arcsecond accuracy. We also report the detection of UV emission that could indicate ongoing star formation in the region around HLX-1. The lack of detectable radio emission at the X-ray position strengthens the argument against a background AGN. C1 [Farrell, S. A.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Servillat, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Oates, S. R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Heywood, I.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Godet, O.; Webb, N. A.; Barret, D.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, CESR, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Farrell, SA (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. FU STFC; CNRS; CNES; Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO; [AR9-0013X] FX S.A.F. and S.R.O. acknowledge STFC funding. O.G. acknowledges funding from the CNRS and CNES. M.S. is supported in part by Chandra grant AR9-0013X.The Australia Telescope Compact Array is part of the Australia Telescope which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia for operation as a National Facility managed by CSIRO. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 93 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475364 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700023 ER PT S AU McClintock, JE Narayan, R Gou, L Liu, J Penna, RF Steiner, JF AF McClintock, J. E. Narayan, R. Gou, L. Liu, J. Penna, R. F. Steiner, J. F. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI Measuring the Spins of Stellar Black Holes: A Progress Report SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE X-ray sources; X-ray binaries; Accretion and accretion disks ID ACCRETION DISK MODELS; X-RAY CONTINUUM; LMC X-1; BINARIES; STATE AB We use the Novikov-Thorne thin disk model to fit the thermal continuum X-ray spectra of black hole X-ray binaries, and thereby extract the dimensionless spin parameter a(*) = a/M of the black hole as a parameter of the fit. We summarize the results obtained to date for six systems and describe work in progress on additional systems. We also describe recent methodological advances, our current efforts to make our analysis software fully available to others, and our theoretical efforts to validate the Novikov-Thorne model. C1 [McClintock, J. E.; Narayan, R.; Gou, L.; Liu, J.; Penna, R. F.; Steiner, J. F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McClintock, JE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Narayan, Ramesh/0000-0002-1919-2730 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1063/1.3475156 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700025 ER PT S AU Wolter, A Fruscione, A Bonaventura, N AF Wolter, Anna Fruscione, Antonella Bonaventura, Nina BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI A "Pandora's box" of galaxies SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE Galaxies; normal; Galaxies; properties of; X-ray: galaxies ID X-RAY SOURCES; CHANDRA AB We present XMM-Newton observations of three high X-ray luminosity "normal" galaxies: MS1204.1+2826, MS1143.6+2040 and MS1309.1+3208. These objects are part of a flux limited sample of 8 high X-ray luminosity galaxies from the Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey. The observations were performed with the aim of confirming that high X-ray luminosity normal galaxies discovered in deep XMM-Newton and Chandra survey, and often classified as new classes of exotic objects, were already present in earlier and much brighter samples. These "unusual" populations appearing at low X-ray fluxes represent the low-flux counterparts of the nearby and X-ray bright "galaxies" that have been known for decades. C1 [Wolter, Anna] INAF OABrera, Via Brera 28, Milan, Italy. [Fruscione, Antonella; Bonaventura, Nina] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Wolter, A (reprint author), INAF OABrera, Via Brera 28, Milan, Italy. EM anna.wolter@brera.inaf.it OI Wolter, Anna/0000-0001-5840-9835 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 247 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475225 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700084 ER PT S AU Zhao, P Grindlay, JE Hong, JS Koenig, X van den Berg, M Laycock, S AF Zhao, Ping Grindlay, Jonathan E. Hong, Jaesub Koenig, Xavier van den Berg, Maureen Laycock, Silas BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI Chandra Multi-wavelength Plane Survey Towards the Galactic Center SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE ChaMPlane; Chandra; Galactic center; Survey ID X-RAY SOURCES; CHAMPLANE; WINDOW; BULGE AB We have been conducting the Chandra Multi-wavelength Plane Survey (ChaMPlane) for the last decade. ChaMPlane is designed to survey the point X-ray sources discovered by the Chandra X-ray Observatory in the galactic plane in order to constrain the X-ray binary population in the Galaxy. This survey includes the data from the Chandra achieve, and the optical and infrared images and spectroscopes we obtained. So far we have observed 74 ChaMPlane fields which cover about 25 square degrees and 295 ACIS observations in the galactic plane (AO1-10). This paper reports our findings towards the Galactic Center. C1 [Zhao, Ping; Grindlay, Jonathan E.; Hong, Jaesub; Koenig, Xavier; van den Berg, Maureen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Laycock, Silas] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Zhao, P (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Koenig, Xavier/0000-0002-9478-4170 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 249 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700085 ER PT S AU Jones, C Churazov, E Giacintucci, S Machacek, M Kraft, R Nulsen, PEJ Vikhlinin, A Randall, S David, L Forman, WR AF Jones, C. Churazov, E. Giacintucci, S. Machacek, M. Kraft, R. Nulsen, P. E. J. Vikhlinin, A. Randall, S. David, L. Forman, W. R. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI Hot Gas in Clusters, Groups and Galaxies: From SMBH Outbursts to Cosmology SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE Black holes; AGN feedback; Intracluster Medium; Cosmology; Dark Energy ID GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; PERSEUS CLUSTER; COOLING FLOWS; DARK ENERGY; RAY; CHANDRA; CONSTRAINTS; SAMPLE; M87; BUBBLES AB This review focuses on recent results related to the energy feedback from the central SMBH into the surrounding cool gas and on the constraints that X-ray observations of clusters place on cosmological parameters. X-ray observations show that outbursts from SMBHs are common, even at the present epoch. Measurements of the cavities and shocks produced by these outbursts in the hot gas in clusters, groups and galaxies determine the outburst energy, age, duration and recurrence frequency. The energy from outbursts can balance that lost through radiative cooling and can reduce star formation and galaxy growth. On a global scale, cluster studies provide complementary constraints on cosmological parameters, and currently constrain the Dark Energy equation of state to the same or better levels as other methods. C1 [Jones, C.; Giacintucci, S.; Machacek, M.; Kraft, R.; Nulsen, P. E. J.; Vikhlinin, A.; Randall, S.; David, L.; Forman, W. R.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Jones, C (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 FU Chandra X-ray Center; MPA/IKI; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX This work was supported by the Chandra X-ray Center, MPA/IKI, and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 253 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475227 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700086 ER PT S AU Forman, W Churazov, E Giacintucci, S Machacek, M Kraft, R Jones, C Heinz, S Markevitch, M Vikhlinin, A Murgia, M Randall, S Johnson, R AF Forman, W. Churazov, E. Giacintucci, S. Machacek, M. Kraft, R. Jones, C. Heinz, S. Markevitch, M. Vikhlinin, A. Murgia, M. Randall, S. Johnson, R. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI 3C28 in Abell 115-A Radio Source With a Twist SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE Galaxy Clusters; Mergers; Cold Fronts; radio sources ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; COLD FRONTS; A115; IMAGES AB Abell 115 contains two merging subclusters separated by about 900 kpc. The northern subcluster (hereafter, A115-N) contains a bright central galaxy that hosts the radio source 3C28 which has a remarkable morphology. Although there is no detectable active nucleus, two prominent jets connect to a pair of radio lobes, each of which exhibits a radio tail. We combine Chandra X-ray and VLA radio observations to study the gas motions in and around A115-N. We use the Chandra data to estimate the velocity of A115-N with respect to the ambient intracluster medium as well as the velocity of the gas within the subcluster A115-N. We suggest that the motion of A115-N through the cluster induces counter-rotating vortices in the subcluster gas that explain the unique morphology of 3C28 with its two tails pointing in the direction of motion for A115-N. We compare the X-ray gas circulation time within A115-N with the timescale computed from the spectral aging of the radio-emitting plasma and discuss the implications of these observations for the lifetimes of radio sources in gaseous atmospheres. C1 [Forman, W.; Giacintucci, S.; Machacek, M.; Kraft, R.; Jones, C.; Markevitch, M.; Vikhlinin, A.; Randall, S.; Johnson, R.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 4, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. [Heinz, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Murgia, M.] Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy. RP Forman, W (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St,MS 4, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Murgia, Matteo/0000-0002-4800-0806; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 FU Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX This work was supported by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 273 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475231 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700089 ER PT S AU Giacintucci, S O'Sullivan, E Vrtilek, JM Raychaudhury, S David, LP Venturi, T Athreya, R Gitti, M AF Giacintucci, S. O'Sullivan, E. Vrtilek, J. M. Raychaudhury, S. David, L. P. Venturi, T. Athreya, R. Gitti, M. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI AGN feedback in groups of galaxies: a joint X-ray/low-frequency radio study SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE Galaxy groups; Radio galaxies; X-ray observations ID CLUSTER AWM-4; CORE AB We present an ongoing, low-frequency radio/X-ray study of 18 nearby galaxy groups, chosen for the evidence, either in the X-ray or radio images, of AGN/intragroup gas interaction. We have obtained radio observations at 235 MHz and 610 MHz with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) for all the groups, and 327 MHz and 150 MHz for a few. We present results of the recent Chandra/GMRT study of the interesting case of AWM 4, a relaxed poor cluster of galaxies with no evidence of a large cool core and no X-ray cavities associated with the central radio galaxy. Our analysis shows how joining low-frequency radio data (to track the history of AGN outbursts) with X-ray data (to determine the state of the hot gas, its disturbances, heating and cooling) can provide a unique insight into the nature of the feedback mechanism in galaxy groups. C1 [Giacintucci, S.; O'Sullivan, E.; Vrtilek, J. M.; David, L. P.; Gitti, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Giacintucci, S.; Venturi, T.] INAF IRA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Raychaudhury, S.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, England. [Athreya, R.] IISER, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Gitti, M.] Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Gitti, M.] INAF OABo, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Giacintucci, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900; Venturi, Tiziana/0000-0002-8476-6307 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 277 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475232 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700090 ER PT S AU Gitti, M O'Sullivan, E Giacintucci, S David, L Vrtilek, J Raychaudhury, S Nulsen, P AF Gitti, M. O'Sullivan, E. Giacintucci, S. David, L. Vrtilek, J. Raychaudhury, S. Nulsen, P. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI AGN FEEDBACK IN GALAXY GROUPS: THE CASE OF HCG 62 SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE galaxies:clusters:general; cooling flows; intergalactic medium; galaxies:active; X-rays:galaxies:clusters AB As a part of an ongoing study of a sample of galaxy groups showing evidence for AGN/hot gas interaction, we report on the preliminary results of an analysis of Chandra, XMM-Newton and new GMRT data of the X-ray bright compact group HCG 62. This is one of the few groups known to possess very clear, small X-ray cavities in the inner region as shown by the existing Chandra image. At higher frequency (1.4 GHz) the cavities show minimal if any radio emission, but the radio appears clearly at lower frequencies (<= 610 MHz). We find that the radio source is radiatively inefficient, with a ratio of mechanical cavity power to radio luminosity of similar to 10(4), and that the jets have hadronic content. We also identify a shock front located around 35 kpc to the south-west of the group center. Such a shock may have significantly heated the gas close to the southern cavity, as indicated by the temperature map. C1 [Gitti, M.] Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [O'Sullivan, E.; Giacintucci, S.; David, L.; Vrtilek, J.; Nulsen, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [O'Sullivan, E.; Raychaudhury, S.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, West Midlands, England. [Giacintucci, S.] INAF IRA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RP Gitti, M (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. OI Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009; O'Sullivan, Ewan/0000-0002-5671-6900; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 281 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475233 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700091 ER PT S AU Castangia, P Tilak, A Kadler, M Henkel, C Greenhill, L Tueller, J AF Castangia, Paola Tilak, Avanti Kadler, Matthias Henkel, Christian Greenhill, Lincoln Tueller, Jack BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI X-ray vs. H2O maser emission in AGN SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept ID TELESCOPE; MISSION; REGION; GALAXY; PARSEC AB Correlations between X-ray and water maser emission in AGN have been recently reported. However, the lack of systematic studies affects the confidence level of these results. In the following, we introduce a project aimed at studying all the water maser sources believed to be associated with AGN activity through X-ray data obtained with the XRT and BAT instruments on-board the Swift satellite. Preliminary results of this work indicate a promising rate of XRT detections allowing us to refine follow-up observing strategies focused on investigating the nuclei of individual galaxies and deriving, on statistical basis, the main characteristics of water maser hosts. In addition, a cross-correlation between our sample and the BAT 22-months all-sky survey provides an exceptionally high detection rate at hard X-ray energies when compared to other AGN-related catalogs. C1 [Castangia, Paola] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Loc Poggio dei Pini Str 54, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. [Tilak, Avanti; Greenhill, Lincoln] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kadler, Matthias] Remeis-Sternwarte & ECAP, D-96049 Bamberg, Germany. [Kadler, Matthias] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Henkel, Christian] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Tueller, Jack] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Castangia, P (reprint author), INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, Loc Poggio dei Pini Str 54, I-09012 Capoterra, CA, Italy. RI Tueller, Jack/D-5334-2012 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 347 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475255 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700111 ER PT S AU Harris, DE Massaro, F Axon, D Baum, SA Capetti, A Chiaberge, M Gilli, R Giovannini, G Grandi, P Macchetto, FD O'Dea, CP Risaliti, G Sparks, W Tremblay, GR AF Harris, D. E. Massaro, F. Axon, D. Baum, S. A. Capetti, A. Chiaberge, M. Gilli, R. Giovannini, G. Grandi, P. Macchetto, F. D. O'Dea, C. P. Risaliti, G. Sparks, W. Tremblay, G. R. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI The Chandra 3C Snapshot Survey for Sources with z < 0.3 SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE galaxies: active; galaxies: general; galaxies: jets; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: general AB We report on our Chandra Cycle 9 program to observe half of the 60 as yet unobserved 3C radio sources at z<0.3 for 8 ksec each. Here we present the X-ray analyses of the first 30 AO-9 sources. We compare these Chandra observations with VLA radio maps and HST images, to study the absorption of nuclear regions and, when possible, to investigate the emission of their extended regions as jets and hotspots. C1 [Harris, D. E.; Massaro, F.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Axon, D.; Baum, S. A.; O'Dea, C. P.; Tremblay, G. R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Capetti, A.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.; Sparks, W.; Tremblay, G. R.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Epping, NSW 2121, Australia. [Chiaberge, M.; Giovannini, G.] INAF, Ist Radioastronomia Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Gilli, R.] INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Giovannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Grandi, P.] INAF, IASF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Risaliti, G.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Harris, DE (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; OI Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X; capetti, alessandro/0000-0003-3684-4275; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Giovannini, Gabriele/0000-0003-4916-6362; Tremblay, Grant/0000-0002-5445-5401 FU NASA [GO8-9114A]; Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi FX The work at SAO is supported by NASA grants GO8-9114A. F. Massaro acknowledges the Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, nee Bildt for the grant awarded him in 2009. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 471 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475305 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700156 ER PT S AU Massaro, E Chiaberge, M Grandi, P Giovannini, G O'Dea, CP Macchetto, FD Baum, SA Gilli, R Capetti, A Bonafede, A Liuzzo, E AF Massaro, E. Chiaberge, M. Grandi, P. Giovannini, G. O'Dea, C. P. Macchetto, F. D. Baum, S. A. Gilli, R. Capetti, A. Bonafede, A. Liuzzo, E. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI Extended X-ray emission in radio galaxies: 3C 305 SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE galaxies: active; galaxies: general; galaxies: jets; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: general AB Here we present the first case of a Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) radio galaxy, 3C 305, in which the X-ray radiation appears to be associated with the optical emission line region, marked by the [O III]5007. On the basis of a morphological study, performed using the comparison between the X-rays (Chandra), the optical (HST) and the radio (VLA) data, we argue that the high energy emission has a thermal nature. Finally, we discuss the origin of the extended X-ray structure connected with the optical emission line region following two different interpretations: as due to the interaction between matter outflows and shock-heated environment gas, or as due to gas photoionized by nuclear emission. C1 [Massaro, E.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chiaberge, M.] Ist Radioastronomia Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Grandi, P.] INAF, IASF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giovannini, G.; Bonafede, A.] INAF, Ist Radioastronomia Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Giovannini, G.; Bonafede, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [O'Dea, C. P.] Rochester Inst Technol, Carlson Ctr Imaging ScI, Dept Phys, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Gilli, R.] INAF, Osservat Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Capetti, A.] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. RP Massaro, E (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; OI Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; capetti, alessandro/0000-0003-3684-4275; Grandi, Paola/0000-0003-1848-6013; Giovannini, Gabriele/0000-0003-4916-6362 FU NASA [GO8-9114A]; Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi FX The work at SAO is supported by NASA grants GO8-9114A. F. Massaro acknowledges the Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, nee Bildt for the grant awarded him in 2009. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 473 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475306 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700157 ER PT S AU Massaro, F Cheung, CC Harris, DE AF Massaro, F. Cheung, C. C. Harris, D. E. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI XJET: X-RAY EMISSION FROM EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO JETS SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE galaxies: active; galaxies: general; galaxies: jets; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; radio continuum: galaxies; X-rays: general AB For several years we have been collecting basic parameters for extragalactic jets detected in the X-rays. There are now about 90 sources for which X-ray detections of knots and/or hotspots have been published. In 2009 we have been adding a suite of FITS files for each source consisting of Chandra flux maps in 3 X-ray energy bands. We also provide the radio map used for registration. We show how users can obtain X-ray flux values for any region in the images and give some basic statistics of the sample. C1 [Massaro, F.; Harris, D. E.] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Massaro, F (reprint author), Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016 OI Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 475 EP 476 DI 10.1063/1.3475307 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700158 ER PT S AU Nucita, AA Guainazzi, M Longinotti, AL Risaliti, G Santos-Lleo, M Bianchi, S AF Nucita, A. A. Guainazzi, M. Longinotti, A. L. Risaliti, G. Santos-Lleo, M. Bianchi, S. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI High resolution spectroscopy as a tool to study line emitting material in AGNs SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE X-ray spectroscopy; Active Galactic Nuclei; Individual: Mrk 335, NGC 4051, NGC 1365 ID SEYFERT-1 GALAXY MRK-335; FLUX STATE; NGC-4051 AB High resolution spectroscopy is acquiring increasing importance in the study of AGNs. We discuss the results on three Seyfert galaxies (Mrk 335, NGC 4051, and NGC 1365). C1 [Nucita, A. A.; Guainazzi, M.; Santos-Lleo, M.] ESA, ESAC, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Longinotti, A. L.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Risaliti, G.] Harvard Univ, Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Risaliti, G.] INAF, Osservatorio Astrofis Arcetri, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Bianchi, S.] Univ Rome Tre, Dipartimento Fis, I-00146 Rome, Italy. RP Nucita, AA (reprint author), ESA, ESAC, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, POB 78, Madrid 28691, Spain. RI Bianchi, Stefano/B-4804-2010; OI Bianchi, Stefano/0000-0002-4622-4240; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 485 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475312 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700163 ER PT S AU Wang, JF Fabbiano, G Elvis, M Risaliti, G Karovska, M Zezas, A Mazzarella, JM Lord, S Howell, JH Mundell, CG AF Wang, Junfeng Fabbiano, G. Elvis, M. Risaliti, G. Karovska, M. Zezas, A. Mazzarella, J. M. Lord, S. Howell, J. H. Mundell, C. G. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI Chandra High Resolution Imaging of NGC 1365 and NGC 4151 SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE X-rays: galaxies; galaxies: individual (NGC 4151); galaxies: individual (NGC 1365) ID REGION AB We present Chandra high resolution imaging of the circumnuclear regions of two nearby active galaxies, namely the starburst/AGN composite Seyfert 1.8 NGC 1365 and the archetypal Seyfert 1 NGC 4151. In NGC 1365, the X-ray morphology shows a biconical soft X-ray-emission region extending similar to 5 kpc in projection from the nucleus, coincident with the optical high-excitation outflows. Chandra HRC imaging of the NGC 4151 nucleus resolves X-ray emission from the 4 arcsec radio jet and the narrow line region (NLR) clouds. Our results demonstrate the unique power of spatially resolved spectroscopy with Chandra, and support previous claims that frequent jet-ISM interaction may explain why jets in Seyfert galaxies appear small, slow, and thermally dominated. C1 [Wang, Junfeng; Fabbiano, G.; Elvis, M.; Risaliti, G.; Karovska, M.; Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Risaliti, G.] INAF Arcetri Observat, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Lord, S.; Howell, J. H.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mundell, C. G.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. RP Wang, JF (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; OI Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Risaliti, Guido/0000-0002-3556-977X; Mazzarella, Joseph/0000-0002-8204-8619 FU NASA [NAS8-39073]; AAS International Travel Grant (ITG) [G06-7102X, GO8-9101X] FX This work is supported by NASA Contract NAS8-39073 (CXC), Chandra GO Grant G06-7102X and GO8-9101X. J. W. acknowledges travel support from the AAS International Travel Grant (ITG) program. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 519 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700180 ER PT S AU Young, MCB AF Young, Monica C. B. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI A New Look at Optical and X-ray Emission in SDSS/XMM-Newton Quasars SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE Quasars; Active galaxies AB We develop a new approach to the well-studied anti-correlation between the optical-to-X-ray spectral index, alpha(ox), and the monochromatic optical luminosity, l(opt). By cross-correlating the SDSS DR5 quasar catalog with the XMM-Newton archive, we create a sample of 327 quasars with both optical and X-ray spectra, allowing alpha(ox) to be defined at arbitrary frequencies, rather than the standard 2500 angstrom and 2 keV. We find that while the choice of optical wavelength does not strongly influence the alpha(ox) - l(opt) relation, the slope of the relation flattens significantly with X-ray energy. This result suggests a change in the efficiency of X-ray photon production, where the efficiency of low energy X-ray production depends more strongly on the seed (optical/UV) photon supply. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Young, MCB (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 521 EP 522 DI 10.1063/1.3475332 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700181 ER PT S AU Murray, S Giacconi, R Ptak, A Rosati, P Weisskopf, M Borgani, S Jones, C Pareschi, G Tozzi, P Gilli, R Campana, S Paolillo, M Tagliaferri, G Bautz, M Vikhlinin, A Hickox, R Forman, W AF Murray, S. Giacconi, R. Ptak, A. Rosati, P. Weisskopf, M. Borgani, S. Jones, C. Pareschi, G. Tozzi, P. Gilli, R. Campana, S. Paolillo, M. Tagliaferri, G. Bautz, M. Vikhlinin, A. Hickox, R. Forman, W. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI The Wide Field X-ray Telescope Mission - A Digital Sky Survey in X-rays SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE X-ray Surveys; Active Galactic Nuclei; Clusters; Cosmology AB Sensitive surveys of the X-ray universe have been limited to small areas of the sky due to the intrinsically small field of view of Wolter-1 X-ray optics. High angular resolution is needed to achieve a low background per source, minimize source confusion, and distinguish point from extended objects. WFXT consists of three co-aligned wide field X-ray telescopes with a 1 degrees field of view and a less than or similar to 10 '' (goal of 5 '') angular resolution (HEW) over the full field. Total effective area at 1 keV will be > 5000 cm(-2). WFXT will perform three extragalactic surveys that will cover most of the sky to 100-1000 times the sensitivity of the ROSAT All Sky Survey, greater than or similar to 2000 deg(2) to deep Chandra or XMM-Newton sensitivity, and greater than or similar to 100 deg(2) to the deepest Chandra sensitivity. WFXT will generate a legacy X-ray dataset of a half million clusters and groups of galaxies to z approximate to 2, also characterizing the physics of the intracluster gas for a significant fraction of them, thus providing an unprecedented data set for cosmological applications; it will detect > 10(7) AGN to z > 6, again obtaining spectra for a substantial fraction, to study the growth of supermassive black holes; it will detect > 10(5) normal/starburst galaxies; and it will detect and characterize star formation regions across the Galaxy. WFXT is the only X-ray survey mission that will match, in area and sensitivity, the next generation of wide-area optical, IR and radio surveys. C1 [Murray, S.; Jones, C.; Vikhlinin, A.; Forman, W.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Murray, S (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Ptak, Andrew/D-3574-2012; Paolillo, Maurizio/J-1733-2012; Gilli, Roberto/P-1110-2015; OI Paolillo, Maurizio/0000-0003-4210-7693; Gilli, Roberto/0000-0001-8121-6177; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Pareschi, Giovanni/0000-0003-3967-403X; Borgani, Stefano/0000-0001-6151-6439; Tagliaferri, Gianpiero/0000-0003-0121-0723 FU SAO; ASI; INAF; JHU/APL; MSFC FX This work was supported by SAO, ASI, INAF, JHU/APL, and MSFC. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 549 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475337 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700186 ER PT S AU White, NE Parmar, A Kunieda, H Nandra, K Ohashi, T Bookbinder, J AF White, Nicholas E. Parmar, Arvind Kunieda, Hideyo Nandra, Kirpal Ohashi, Takaya Bookbinder, Jay BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI The International X-ray Observatory SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE Astronomical and space-research instrumentation; X-ray telescopes AB The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a joint ESA-JAXA-NASA effort to address fundamental and timely questions in astrophysics: What happens close to a black hole? How did supermassive black holes grow? How does large scale structure form? What is the connection between these processes? To address these questions IXO will employ optics with 3 sq m collecting area and 5 arc sec angular resolution - 20 times more collecting area at 1 keV than any previous Xray observatory. Focal plane instruments will deliver a 100-fold increase in effective area for high-resolution spectroscopy, deep spectral imaging over a wide field of view, unprecedented polarimetric sensitivity, microsecond spectroscopic timing, and high count rate capability. The mission is being planned for launch in 2021 to an L2 orbit, with a five-year lifetime and consumables for 10 years. C1 [White, Nicholas E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Parmar, Arvind] ESAC, E-28691 Madrid, Spain. [Kunieda, Hideyo] Nagoya Univ, X ray Astron Grp, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Nandra, Kirpal] Imperial Coll London, Astrophys Grp, London, England. [Ohashi, Takaya] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Bookbinder, Jay] Smithsonian Astrophys Observat, Cambridge, MA USA. RP White, NE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI White, Nicholas/B-6428-2012 OI White, Nicholas/0000-0003-3853-3462 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 561 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475340 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700188 ER PT S AU Sembay, S Guainazzi, M Plucinsky, P Nevalainen, J AF Sembay, S. Guainazzi, M. Plucinsky, P. Nevalainen, J. BE Comastri, A Cappi, M Angelini, L TI Defining High-Energy Calibration Standards: IACHEC (International Astronomical Consortium for High-Energy Calibration) SO X-RAY ASTRONOMY-2009: PRESENT STATUS, MULTI-WAVELENGTH APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES, PROCEEDINGS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on X-Ray Astronomy-2009: Present Status, Multi-Wavelength Approach and Future Perspectives CY SEP 07-11, 2009 CL Bologna, ITALY SP NASA, European Space Agcy, Italian Natl Inst Astrophys, Univ Bologna, Astron Dept DE X-ray; Gamma-ray; Instrumentaion; Calibration AB The International Astronomical Consortium for High-Energy Calibration (IACHEC) aims to provide standards for high energy calibration and supervise cross-calibration between different Xray and Gamma-ray observatories. This goal is reached through Working Groups, involving around 40 astronomers worldwide. In these Groups, IACHEC members co-operate to define calibration standards and procedures. Their scope is primarily a practical one: a set of astronomical sources, data and results (eventually published in refereed journals) will be the outcome of a co-ordinated and standardized analysis of reference sources ("high-energy standard candles"). We briefly describe here just two of the many studies undertaken by the IACHEC; a cross-calibration analysis of 0 and Ne line fluxes from the thermal SNR 1E0102.2-7219, and at higher energies a comparison study of a sample of cluster temperatures and fluxes. A more detailed picture of the activities of the IACHEC is available via the information portal at http://web.mit.edu/iachec/. C1 [Sembay, S.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Guainazzi, M.] ESA, ESAC, XMM Sci Operat Ctr, D-28080 Madrid, Spain. [Plucinsky, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Nevalainen, J.] Observat, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Sembay, S (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. FU IACHEC; ESA; NASA; JAXA FX The IACHEC is a world-wide collaboration of instrument scientists funded both at the National level and by the major space agencies, ESA, NASA and JAXA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0795-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1248 BP 593 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3475350 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BSA02 UT WOS:000284017700197 ER PT S AU Wright, SJ AF Wright, S. Joseph BE Ostfeld, RS Schlesinger, WH TI The future of tropical forests SO YEAR IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2010 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE above-ground biomass; atmospheric change; climate change; deforestation; fuel wood; hunting; land-use change; protected areas; reforestation; secondary forest; tree turnover; timber ID USE/LAND COVER CHANGES; AMAZON RAIN-FOREST; LAND-USE CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PROTECTED AREAS; GLOBAL CHANGE; COSTA-RICA; PERVASIVE ALTERATION; DROUGHT SENSITIVITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY AB Five anthropogenic drivers-land use change, wood extraction, hunting, atmospheric change, climate change-will largely determine the future of tropical forests. The geographic scope and intensity of these five drivers are in flux. Contemporary land use change includes deforestation (similar to 64,000 km(2) yr(-1) for the entire tropical forest biome) and natural forests regenerating on abandoned land (similar to 21,500 km(2) yr(-1) with just 29% of the biome evaluated). Commercial logging is shifting rapidly from Southeast Asia to Africa and South America, but local fuelwood consumption continues to constitute 71% of all wood production. Pantropical rates of net deforestation are declining even as secondary and logged forests increasingly replace old-growth forests. Hunters reduce frugivore, granivore and browser abundances in most forests. This alters seed dispersal, seed and seedling survival, and hence the species composition and spatial template of plant regeneration. Tropical governments have responded to these local threats by protecting 7% of all land for the strict conservation of nature a commitment that is only matched poleward of 40 degrees S and 70 degrees N. Protected status often fails to stop hunters and is impotent against atmospheric and climate change. There are increasing reports of stark changes in the structure and dynamics of protected tropical forests. Four broad classes of mechanisms might contribute to these changes. Predictions are developed to distinguish among these mechanisms. C1 [Wright, S. Joseph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Unit 0948, APO, Miami, FL 34002 USA. EM wrightj@si.edu RI Wright, Stuart/M-3311-2013 OI Wright, Stuart/0000-0003-4260-5676 NR 175 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 12 U2 128 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-791-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1195 BP 1 EP 27 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05455.x PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BRJ37 UT WOS:000282828200001 PM 20536814 ER PT J AU Sonneborn, DA AF Sonneborn, D. A. TI Sufi Soul: The Mystic Music of Islam SO YEARBOOK FOR TRADITIONAL MUSIC LA English DT TV Review, Radio Review C1 [Sonneborn, D. A.] Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Sonneborn, D. A.] Audio Visual Committee, Soc Ethnomusicol, Bloomington, IN USA. RP Sonneborn, DA (reprint author), Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT COUNCIL TRADITIONAL MUSIC PI LJUBLJANA PA UNIV LJUBLJANA, DEPT MUSICOLOGY, FACULTY ARTS, ASKERCEVA 2, LJUBLJANA, 1000, SLOVENIA SN 0740-1558 J9 YEARB TRADIT MUSIC JI Yearb. Tradit. Mus. PY 2010 VL 42 BP 238 EP 239 PG 2 WC Music SC Music GA V40VN UT WOS:000209506200045 ER PT J AU Erwin, TL AF Erwin, Terry L. TI Agra, arboreal beetles of Neotropical forests: pusilla group and piranha group systematics and notes on their ways of life (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Agrina) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Neotropics; Bolivia; Brazil; Ecuador; Peru; rainforest canopy ID DISTRIBUTION RECORDS COLEOPTERA; TAXONOMIC SUPPLEMENT; PLATYSCELIS-GROUP; NATURAL-HISTORY; FABRICIUS; CICINDINI; VIRGATA AB Revisions of two new species groups of the genus Agra Fabricius are presented with the following species described as new: pusilla group - Agra cruciaria sp. n. (Brazil), Agra grace sp. n. (Ecuador, Peru), Agra max sp. n. (Brazil), Agra minasianus sp. n. (Brazil), Agra notpusilla sp. n. (Brazil), Agra pseudopusilla sp. n. (Brazil); piranha group - Agra cc sp. n. (Peru), Agra risseri sp. n. (Bolivia, Brazil), Agra maia sp. n. (Bolivia), Agra piranha sp. n. (Ecuador); Agra tiputini sp. n. (Ecuador). Species of these two groups have adults that are the smallest in the entire genus, although this does not indicate they are closely related based on other attributes. All species are Amazonian in distribution. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Hyper Divers Grp, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Erwin, TL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Hyper Divers Grp, Dept Entomol, MRC-187,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM erwint@si.edu NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 66 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.3897/zookeys.66.606 PG 28 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 716ZO UT WOS:000287012200001 PM 21594029 ER PT J AU Penev, L Agosti, D Georgiev, T Catapano, T Miller, J Blagoderov, V Roberts, D Smith, VS Brake, I Ryrcroft, S Scott, B Johnson, NF Morris, RA Sautter, G Chavan, V Robertson, T Remsen, D Stoev, P Parr, C Knapp, S Kress, WJ Thompson, FC Erwin, T AF Penev, Lyubomir Agosti, Donat Georgiev, Teodor Catapano, Terry Miller, Jeremy Blagoderov, Vladimir Roberts, David Smith, Vincent S. Brake, Irina Ryrcroft, Simon Scott, Ben Johnson, Norman F. Morris, Robert A. Sautter, Guido Chavan, Vishwas Robertson, Tim Remsen, David Stoev, Pavel Parr, Cynthia Knapp, Sandra Kress, W. John Thompson, F. Christian Erwin, Terry TI Semantic tagging of and semantic enhancements to systematics papers: ZooKeys working examples SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Semantic tagging; semantic enhancements; systematics; taxonomy ID KIEFFER HYMENOPTERA; INTERACTIVE KEYS; GENUS; PUBLICATION; PLATYGASTRIDAE; DISSEMINATION; REVISION; TAXONOMY; DIPTERA AB The concept of semantic tagging and its potential for semantic enhancements to taxonomic papers is outlined and illustrated by four exemplar papers published in the present issue of ZooKeys. The four papers were created in different ways: (i) written in Microsoft Word and submitted as non-tagged manuscript (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.50.504); (ii) generated from Scratchpads and submitted as XML-tagged manuscripts (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.50.505 and doi: 10.3897/zookeys.50.506); (iii) generated from an author's database (doi: 10.3897/zookeys.50.485) and submitted as XML-tagged manuscript. XML tagging and semantic enhancements were implemented during the editorial process of ZooKeys using the Perm oft Mark Up Tool (PMT), specially designed for this purpose. The XML schema used was TaxPub, an extension to the Document Type Definitions (DTD) of the US National Library of Medicine Journal Archiving and Interchange Tag Suite (NLM). The following innovative methods of tagging, layout, publishing and disseminating the content were tested and implemented within the Zoo Keys editorial workflow: (1) highly automated, fine-grained XML tagging based on Tax Pub; (2) final XML output of the paper validated against the NLM DTD for archiving in PubMedCentral; (3) bibliographic metadata embedded in the PDF through XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform); (4) PDF uploaded after publication to the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL); (5) taxon treatments supplied through XML to Plazi; (6) semantically enhanced HTML version of the paper encompassing numerous internal and external links and linkouts, such as: (i) vizualisation of main tag elements within the text (e.g., taxon names, taxon treatments, localities, etc.); (ii) internal cross-linking between paper sections, citations, references, tables, and figures; (iii) mapping of localities listed in the whole paper or within separate taxon treatments; (v) taxon names autotagged, dynamically mapped and linked through the Pensoft Taxon Profile (PTP) to large international database services and indexers such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Barcode of Life (BOLD), Encyclopedia of Life (EOL), Zoo Bank, Wilcipedia, Wikispecies, Wikimedia, and others; (vi) Gen Bank accession numbers autotagged and linked to NCBI; (vii) external links of taxon names to references in PubMed, Google Scholar, Biodiversity Heritage Library and other sources. With the launching of the working example, Zoo Keys becomes the first taxonomic journal to provide a complete XML-based editorial, publication and dissemination workflow implemented as a routine and cost-efficient practice. It is anticipated that XML-based workflow will also soon be implemented in botany through PhytoKeys, a forthcoming partner journal of Zoo Keys. The semantic markup and enhancements are expected to greatly extend and accelerate the way taxonomic information is published, disseminated and used. C1 [Penev, Lyubomir] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Penev, Lyubomir; Georgiev, Teodor] Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Agosti, Donat; Catapano, Terry; Morris, Robert A.; Sautter, Guido] Plazi, Bern, Switzerland. [Blagoderov, Vladimir; Roberts, David; Smith, Vincent S.; Brake, Irina; Ryrcroft, Simon; Scott, Ben; Knapp, Sandra] Nat Hist Museum, London SW7 5BD, England. [Johnson, Norman F.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Morris, Robert A.] Univ Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Sautter, Guido] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IPD Bohm, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Chavan, Vishwas; Robertson, Tim; Remsen, David] Global Biodivers Informat Facil, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Stoev, Pavel] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Parr, Cynthia] Encyclopedia Life, Washington, DC USA. [Kress, W. John; Thompson, F. Christian; Erwin, Terry] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Penev, L (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, 13A Geo Milev Str, Sofia, Bulgaria. EM info@pensoft.net RI Knapp, Sandra/A-4856-2011; Parr, Cynthia/E-8013-2010; OI Georgiev, Teodor/0000-0001-8558-6845; Stoev, Pavel/0000-0002-5702-5677; Knapp, Sandra/0000-0001-7698-3945; Parr, Cynthia/0000-0002-8870-7099; Remsen, David/0000-0003-1289-0840; Miller, Jeremy/0000-0001-8918-9775; Smith, Vincent/0000-0001-5297-7452; Blagoderov, Vladimir/0000-0001-8684-8421; Chavan, Vishwas/0000-0002-3425-6499; Catapano, Terry/0000-0002-6857-0021; Johnson, Norman F./0000-0003-1691-5187 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 21 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 50 SI SI BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.3897/zookeys.50.538 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 751ZS UT WOS:000289657500002 PM 21594113 ER PT J AU Mengual, X Ghorpade, K AF Mengual, Ximo Ghorpade, Kumar TI The flower fly genus Eosphaerophoria Frey (Diptera, Syrphidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Taxonomy; identification key; Syrphinae; new species; cybertaxonomy ID ALLOGRAPTA DIPTERA; BIODIVERSITY; PHYLOGENY; TAXONOMY; ZOOKEYS AB The flower fly genus Eosphaerophoria is revised. Eight new species are described (adornata sp. n. Mengual, bifida sp. n. Mengual, brunettii sp. n. Ghorpade, hermosa sp. n. Mengual, luteofasciata sp. n. Mengual, nigrovittata sp. n. Mengual, symmetrica sp. n. Mengual, and vietnamensis sp. n. Mengual), and an identification key is provided. Redescriptions, illustrations, synonymies, diagnoses and distributional data are given for all 11 known species of Eosphaerophoria. The new described species increase the genus' distribution, now recorded from Nepal and Sri Lanka east to New Guinea. All information data, images and drawings, as well as additional images and relevant information, are available online via the internet as an example of the utility of international standards for biodiversity informatics. C1 [Mengual, Ximo] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Ghorpade, Kumar] Univ Agr Sci, Dept Agr Entomol, Dharwad 580005, India. RP Mengual, X (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012,MRC-0169, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM xmengual@gmail.com OI Mengual, Ximo/0000-0002-6185-9404 FU Smithsonian Institution; Schlinger Foundation FX We thank the Smithsonian Institution for our Postdoctoral fellowships at the National Museum of Natural History, as well as the Schlinger Foundation for financial support. We are much obliged to F. Christian Thompson for his continuous support and valuable advice during our taxonomic careers and also for his erudite comments on working drafts of this manuscript. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 33 BP 39 EP 80 DI 10.3897/zookeys.33.298 PG 42 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 581DG UT WOS:000276500900004 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI A new species of Schinia Hubner from the southeastern United States (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Heliothinae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Southern coastal plain; East Gulf coastal plain; sand dunes; taxonomy AB Schinia psamathea sp. n. is described from the southern coastal plain in Georgia and the East Gulf coastal plain in Florida and Alabama in habitats associated with sandy soil or dunes. Adult males and females and their genitalia are described and illustrated. Schinia psamathea is compared to Schinia saturata (Grote). C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 52 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.3897/zookeys.52.476 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 662SM UT WOS:000282832300004 PM 21594126 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI A revision of Ganaspidium Weld, 1952 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae, Eucoilinae): new species, bionomics, and distribution SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Eucoilinae; Liriomyza; Agromyzidae; new species; genus revision; species revision; parasitoid ID UTILIS HYMENOPTERA; LIRIOMYZA; AGROMYZIDAE; DIPTERA; CYNIPOIDEA; GENUS; WATERMELON AB The New World eucoiline genus Ganaspidium is revised. Species in this genus are parasitoids of some of the most pestiferous species of leaf-mining Agromyzidae (Diptera), including the notorious Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). The following new species are described: Ganaspidium didionae, G. eldiablo, G. flemingi, G. kolmaci, and G. konzaensis. Ganaspidium navajoe (Miller), comb. n., is recognized as junior synonym of G. pusillae Weld (syn. n.). Ganaspidium nigrimanus (Kieffer) and G. utilis Beardsley are removed from synonymy, and together with G. hunteri (Crawford), are now in Banacuniculus Buffington. Species of Ganaspidium are recorded from a wide geographic area within North America, and several species appear to be adapted to arid environments. New distribution data, new host records, and a key to known species are provided. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 30712 MRC 168,10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DEB9712543] FX Thanks are given to Smithsonian Institution intern Jaime Choi and Systematic Entomology Laboratory Museum Specialist David Adamski for entering label data and labeling specimens; Joe Cora (Ohio State University) assisted with data management and digital map generation. Ricardo Hernandez (Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, Texas) sent specimens of Ganaspidium pusillae for identification and allowed me to keep them in the USNM; Robert Kula (Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), ARS/USDA) and Gregory Zolnerowich (Kansas State University) assisted with obtaining specimens from the Konza Prairie Reserve; Jennifer Read (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada), Robert Zuparko (California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California), Doug Yanega (Entomology Research Museum, UC Riverside, California), Ed Riley (Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas) and Steve Heydon (Bohart Museum, UC Davis, California) lent specimens critical to this research. Ted Buffington made the original artwork for Ganaspidium pusillae featured in Fig. 1; Smithsonian Institution interns Cristy Falcone and Nick Olson provided the environmental SEM image in Fig. 4; Shelah Morita (Smithsonian Institution) assisted with Larrea references. I also thank Robert Wharton, James Woolley, Jack Beardsley and Joan Didion for advice and positive influences over the years. Finally, I extend thanks to Steve Lingafelter (SEL) and Thomas Henry (SEL), John LaPolla (Towson University, Baltimore, Maryland), Mattias Forshage (Uppsala University), and two anonymous reviewers for constructive and useful comments to earlier drafts of this paper. Initial research for this project was begun under NSF PEET Grant # DEB9712543 awarded to Robert Wharton and James Woolley (Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas). I dedicate this paper to my late mother, Martha Elise Buffington. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 37 BP 81 EP 101 DI 10.3897/zookeys.37.311 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 585FE UT WOS:000276809100006 ER PT J AU Lafontaine, JD Poole, RW AF Lafontaine, J. Donald Poole, Robert W. TI Review of the New World genera of the subfamily Acontiinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Review DE Taxonomy; Acontiinae; New World; Acontia; Eusceptis; Ponometia; Pseudalypia; Spragueia; Tarache; Trogotorna AB The taxonomic status of the 138 species of Acontiinae are reviewed and assigned to seven genera, Ponometia Herrich-Schaffer, Tarache Hubner, Acontia Ochsenheimer, Eusceptis Hubner, Pseudalypia H. Edwards, Spragueia Grote, and Trogotorna Hampson. A key to the genera, diagnoses of the genera, species groups of Tarache, illustrations of adults and genitalia of representatives of the seven genera, and a check list of the New World species are included. C1 [Lafontaine, J. Donald] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Natl Collect Insects Arachnids & Nematod, Biodivers Program, CEF, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Poole, Robert W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lafontaine, JD (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Natl Collect Insects Arachnids & Nematod, Biodivers Program, CEF, KW Neatby Bldg, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM LafontaineD@agr.gc.ca; poole@nearctica.com NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 39 SI SI BP 137 EP 160 DI 10.3897/zookeys.39.427 PG 24 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 585FH UT WOS:000276809400009 ER PT J AU Agnarsson, I Kuntner, M Coddington, JA Blackledge, TA AF Agnarsson, Ingi Kuntner, Matjaz Coddington, Jonathan A. Blackledge, Todd A. TI Shifting continents, not behaviours: independent colonization of solitary and subsocial Anelosimus spider lineages on Madagascar (Araneae, Theridiidae) SO ZOOLOGICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID CANDY-STRIPE SPIDER; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COLOR POLYMORPHISM; ENOPLOGNATHA-OVATA; SOCIAL SPIDER; EVOLUTION; DISPERSAL; REVISION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; FREQUENCIES AB Agnarsson, I., Kuntner, M., Coddington, J. A. & Blackledge, T. A. (2010). Shifting continents, not behaviours: independent colonization of solitary, and subsocial Anelosimus spider lineages oil Madagascar (Araneae, Theridiidae). - Zoologica Scripta, 39, 75-87. Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot, thought to be colonized mostly via Cenozoic dispersal from Africa, followed by endemic radiation of multiple lineages. Anelosimus spiders are diverse in Madagascar, and, like their congeners in the Americas, are most diverse in wet montane forests. Most Anelosimus species are social in that the), cooperate in web building and prey capture either during a part of their life cycles (subsocial), including hitherto studied Malagasy species, or permanently (quasisocial). One Central American coastal species, Anelosimus pacificus, has secondarily switched to solitary living, and available evidence suggests that its closest relatives from S. America and Europe are likely also solitary. Here, we show that the only known coastal Anelosimus species in Madagascar and Comoros - Anelosimus decaryi and Anelosimus amelie sp. n. - are also solitary. Using it phylogenetic approach, we test two competing hypotheses: (i) that Malagasy Anelosimus ire monophyletic and thus represent a second example of reversal to solitary living in a littoral habitat or (it) that solitary, and subsocial lineages independently colonized Madagascar. We find that solitary Malagasy Anelosimus are closely related to their solitary counterparts from Europe and the Americas, while subsocial Malagasy species nest sister to Anelosimus nelsoni from S. Africa. This finding suggests that (i) the two Anelosimus lineages colonized Madagascar independently and (it) a reversal to solitary behaviour has occurred only once in Anelosimus. Thus, solitary littoral Malagasy species did not descend from Malagasy mountains, but arrived from Much further afar. African and possibly American origin of the two lineages is implied by our findings. To restore natural classification of Anelosimus, Seycellocesa Kocak & Kemal is synonymized with it. C1 [Agnarsson, Ingi] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi; Kuntner, Matjaz] Slovenian Acad Sci & Arts, Inst Biol, Ctr Sci Res, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Agnarsson, Ingi; Kuntner, Matjaz; Coddington, Jonathan A.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi; Blackledge, Todd A.] Univ Akron, Dept Biol, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Agnarsson, Ingi; Blackledge, Todd A.] Univ Akron, Integrated Biosci Program, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Agnarsson, I (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM iagnarsson@gmail.com; kuntner@gmail.com; coddington@si.edu; tab27@uakron.edu FU Slovenian Research Agency [Z1-9799-0618-07]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0516038]; European Community [MIRG-CT-2005 036536] FX This is contribution number three resulting from the 2008 Indian Ocean expedition, funded by the Slovenian Research Agency (grant Z1-9799-0618-07 to I. Agnarsson, and program financing grant to M. Kuntner) and the National Science Foundation (grant DEB-0516038 to T. Blackledge). Additional funding came from the European Community 6th Framework Programme (a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant MIRG-CT-2005 036536 to M. Kuntner). We are grateful to two anonymous referees whose careful comments helped improve the manuscript. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0300-3256 EI 1463-6409 J9 ZOOL SCR JI Zool. Scr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00406.x PG 13 WC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology SC Evolutionary Biology; Zoology GA 541DB UT WOS:000273392200007 ER PT J AU Tirelli, T Silvestro, D Pessani, D Tudge, CC AF Tirelli, Tina Silvestro, Daniele Pessani, Daniela Tudge, Christopher C. TI Description of the male reproductive system of Paguristes eremita (Anomura, Diogenidae) and its placement in a phylogeny of diogenid species based on spermatozoal and spermatophore ultrastructure SO ZOOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER LA English DT Article DE Hermit crab; Reproductive tract; Morphology; Ultrastructure; Phylogenetic analysis ID MEDITERRANEAN HERMIT-CRABS; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; MATING-BEHAVIOR; VAS-DEFERENS; SNOW CRAB; CLIBANARIUS-ERYTHROPUS; CARIDEA-HIPPOLYTIDAE; FIDDLER CRABS; UCA-LACTEA; DECAPODA AB The male gonopores, male reproductive apparatus, spermatophore and spermatozoa of the Mediterranean hermit crab Paguristes eremita are described, using interference phase microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A correlation is made between the gonopore morphology and the different kinds of setae accompanying them, and the reproductive biology of these crabs. Each testes merges into a tubular duct made up of four zones: (1) the collecting tubule with free spermatozoa; (2) the proximal zone, where the ampulla of the spermatophores starts to be formed; (3) the medial zone, where the ampulla is completed, the stalk lengthens and the pedestal is formed; (4) the distal zone, where the mature spermatophores are stored. The sizes of the different parts of the spermatophore and of the sperm are given and their exterior morphology and ultrastructure described and compared to congeners. The morphology of the gonopore, male reproductive system, spermatophore and spermatozoa of P. eremita are species-specific, clearly distinguishing the species from the other members of the family. The available spermatozoal and spermatophore data is used to place P. eremita within a sperm phylogeny of the hermit crab family Diogenidae. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Tirelli, Tina; Pessani, Daniela] Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, I-10123 Turin, Italy. [Silvestro, Daniele] Senckenberg Res Inst, Frankfurt, Germany. [Silvestro, Daniele] Biodivers & Climate Res Ctr, Frankfurt, Germany. [Tudge, Christopher C.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Tudge, Christopher C.] American Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Tirelli, T (reprint author), Dipartimento Biol Anim & Uomo, Via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10123 Turin, Italy. EM santina.tirelli@unito.it RI Silvestro, Daniele/C-7276-2011; Biodiversity & Climate Res Ctr, BiK-F/C-4266-2012 NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0044-5231 J9 ZOOL ANZ JI Zool. Anz. PY 2010 VL 248 IS 4 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.jcz.2010.01.001 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 600WV UT WOS:000278020500006 ER PT J AU Vargas, S Breedy, O Guzman, HM AF Vargas, Sergio Breedy, Odalisca Guzman, Hector M. TI The phylogeny of Pacifigorgia (Coelenterata, Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae): a case study of the use of continuous characters in the systematics of the Octocorallia SO ZOOSYSTEMA LA English DT Article DE Coelenterata; Octocorallia; Gorgoniidae; Pacifigorgia; character analysis; continuous characters; gap weighting; tropical eastern Pacific ID SECONDARY STRUCTURES; PACIFIC PANAMA; RECONSTRUCTION; ANTHOZOA; CNIDARIA; MITOCHONDRIAL; SEQUENCES; SUPPORT; CORALS; ITS2 AB The Octocorallia constitute a group of organisms that inhabit a wide spectrum of habitats ranging from abyssal to shallow marine environments and from tropical to polar waters. As a subclass, the group is clearly defined and the clade is considered monophyletic based on a series of morphological and molecular synapomorphies. In contrast, the systematic treatment of octocorals below the subclass level is complex given the continuous nature of many of the characters used in their taxonomy. The use of continuous characters for the deduction of phylogenies generally has been considered a philosophical and methodological challenge; within the Octocorallia it has led researchers to rearrange genera, to consider character analysis problematic, or to prefer molecular data sets, which avoid morphological characters, for the study of octocoral phylogenetic relationships. In this study, we assessed the role of continuous morphological variation on the deduction of octocoral phylogenies. Specifically, we analyzed the morphologically diverse genus Pacifigorgia Bayer, 1951 and show that continuous variation, after adequate coding, represents a valuable source of information suitable for phylogenetic inference. C1 [Vargas, Sergio; Breedy, Odalisca] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, Museo Zool, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Breedy, Odalisca; Guzman, Hector M.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Vargas, S (reprint author), Univ Munich, Mol Geo & Palaeobiol Lab, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Richard Wagner Str 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM s.vargas@lrz.uni-muenchen.de; odalisca@racsa.co.cr; guzmanh@si.edu RI Vargas, Sergio/A-5678-2011 OI Vargas, Sergio/0000-0001-8704-1339 FU Smithsonian Institution's Seward Johnson Trust Fund for Oceanography; Spencer Fullerton Baird Fund; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute FX We thank the following people and institutions for their generosity in making available specimens and information used in this study: A. Cabrinovic and S. Halsey (BMNH); G. Williams and B. Van Syoc (CAS); C. Hickmann (CDRS); d'Hondt (MNHN); A. Johnston and Van Wallace (MCZ); S. Cairns (USNM); E. Lazo-Wasem (YPM). We also thank R. Vargas for her valuable comments and unconditional support during the development of this study. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript, we thank them. We are grateful to C. A. Guevara and J. Cortes for their cooperation and support in collecting samples. The program TNT has being made available with sponsorship of the Willi Hennig Society. This work was partially sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution's Seward Johnson Trust Fund for Oceanography, the Spencer Fullerton Baird Fund and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSEUM, PARIS PI PARIS CEDEX 05 PA CP 39-57, RUE CUVIER, F-75231 PARIS CEDEX 05, FRANCE SN 1280-9551 EI 1638-9387 J9 ZOOSYSTEMA JI Zoosystema PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.5252/z2010n1a1 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 581BV UT WOS:000276496900001 ER PT J AU Gnezdilov, VM Bonfils, J Aberlenc, HP Basset, Y AF Gnezdilov, Vladimir M. Bonfils, Jacques Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre Basset, Yves TI Review of the Neotropical genus Oronoqua Fennah, 1947 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Issidae) SO ZOOSYSTEMA LA English DT Article DE Insecta; Hemiptera; Issidae; Issini; Oronoqua; troptical rainforest; Guyana; French Guiana; Panama; new species AB The genus Oronoqua Fennah, 1947 (Issidae, Issinae, Issini) is revised. A diagnosis of the genus is provided. Oronoqua detina Fen nab, 1947, previously, known from a single female specimen from Guyana, is recorded from French Guiana for the first time Male genitalia of Oronoqua deina: Fennah, 1947 ale described. Oronopua tbisca n sp is described from female specimens collected in tropical rainforests located in Panama reneguer tbsica n. sp differs from 0 deina by its lateral margins of coryphe straight in lateral view, by its clypeus with sharp median keel, by its foie wings transparent with transverse veins through all the corium, by its clavus with numerous transverse veins included between postcubitus and first anal vein inside the fork, and by its first metatarsomere with foul intermediate spines apically C1 [Gnezdilov, Vladimir M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre] Inra IRD Cirad Montpellier SupAgro, UMR CBGP, Cirad Bios, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Basset, Yves] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. RP Gnezdilov, VM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Univ Skaya Nab 1, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RI Basset, Yves/B-6642-2014 FU SolVin-Solvay; STRI; United Nations Environment Programme; Smithsonian Institution; European Science Foundation; Global Canopy Programme; MNHN; Royal Society of London; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-04-00134] FX Mr Mick Webb (BMNH) drew our attention to the holotype of Oronoqua deina Fennah, 1947 and kindly arranged its loan. Prof. Thierry Bourgoin (MNHN) facilitated the study of Oronoqua material from French Guiana and Dr Mike Wilson (Cardiff) helped its imaging. The IBISCA-Panama project was funded by SolVin-Solvay, the STRI, the United Nations Environment Programme, a Walcott endowment fund grant from the Smithsonian Institution, the European Science Foundation and the Global Canopy Programme, and facilitated by Pro-Natura International, Ocean Vert and STRI Thanks to all IBISCA participants for help in the field and collegial activities. V. M. Gnezdilov was financially supported by the MNHN, the Royal Society of London and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-04-00134). NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES DU MUSEUM, PARIS PI PARIS CEDEX 05 PA CP 39-57, RUE CUVIER, F-75231 PARIS CEDEX 05, FRANCE SN 1280-9551 J9 ZOOSYSTEMA JI Zoosystema PY 2010 VL 32 IS 2 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.5252/z2010n2a3 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 621NB UT WOS:000279584500003 ER PT J AU Pittman, JV Pan, LL Wei, JC Irion, FW Liu, X Maddy, ES Barnet, CD Chance, K Gao, RS AF Pittman, Jasna V. Pan, Laura L. Wei, Jennifer C. Irion, Fredrick W. Liu, Xiong Maddy, Eric S. Barnet, Christopher D. Chance, Kelly Gao, Ru-Shan TI Evaluation of AIRS, IASI, and OMI ozone profile retrievals in the extratropical tropopause region using in situ aircraft measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL VORTICITY; STRATOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; AEROSOL; TRENDS AB We evaluate ozone profile retrievals from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) using in situ measurements collected on board the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream-V aircraft during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 (START08) experiment. The focus of this study is to examine how well the satellite retrieval products capture the ozone gradients and variability in the extratropical upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS). The AIRS retrieval examined is version 5, while IASI and OMI retrievals are research products. All satellite instruments show excellent ability in capturing synoptic-scale ozone gradients associated with strong potential vorticity (PV) gradients. The positive ozone-PV correlation near the tropopause is also well represented in the satellite data in comparison to collocated aircraft measurements. During aircraft cruise legs, more than 90% of collocated satellite retrievals agree with aircraft measurements within +/- 50% for ozone mixing ratios greater than 200 ppbv. Below 200 ppbv, AIRS and IASI retrievals show significant positive biases, while OMI shows both positive and negative biases. Ozone gradients across the tropopause are well-captured, with median values within 30% (positive for AIRS and IASI, negative for OMI) and variances within +/- 50%. Ozone variability in the UTLS is captured by the satellite retrievals at the 80% level. In the presence of high clouds, however, the infrared retrievals show the largest positive biases. Despite the limited vertical information content, the high horizontal coverage and long-term data availability make these satellite data sets a valuable asset for UTLS research. C1 [Pittman, Jasna V.; Pan, Laura L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Wei, Jennifer C.; Maddy, Eric S.] Perot Syst Govt Serv, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Liu, Xiong] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Irion, Fredrick W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Gao, Ru-Shan] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liu, Xiong; Chance, Kelly] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Barnet, Christopher D.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Pittman, JV (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM pittman@ucar.edu RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Liu, Xiong/P-7186-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Liu, Xiong/0000-0003-2939-574X; Chance, Kelly/0000-0002-7339-7577 FU National Science Foundation; AIRS FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. This work is partially supported by the AIRS project. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for very helpful comments that contributed to the improvement of this manuscript. In addition, gratitude is also extended to START08 team for the aircraft data. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D24109 DI 10.1029/2009JD012493 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 539LM UT WOS:000273255900004 ER PT J AU Pavlovic, Z Tscherbul, TV Sadeghpour, HR Groenenboom, GC Daigarno, A AF Pavlovic, Z. Tscherbul, T. V. Sadeghpour, H. R. Groenenboom, G. C. Daigarno, A. TI Cold Collisions of OH((2)Pi) Molecules with He Atoms in External Fields SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ROTATIONALLY INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; LOG-DERIVATIVE METHOD; QUANTUM SCATTERING; ENERGY-TRANSFER; NEAR-THRESHOLD; CROSS-SECTIONS; OH(X (2)PI)+AR; AB-INITIO; STATES AB We present rigorous quantum calculations for low-temperature collisions of OH((2)Pi) molecules with He atoms in the presence of external electric and magnetic fields. We show that electric fields of less than 15 kV/cm call be used to enhance the probability for Stark relaxation in collisions of OH (F-1, J = 3/2, M = 3/2, f) molecules by 3 orders of magnitude. The inelastic cross sections display a pronounced resonance structure as a function of the electric field strength. We find that collisions of rotationally excited OH molecules become less sensitive to electric fields with increasing rotational excitation. The calculated total cross sections for He-4-OH are dominated by elastic scattering, increase monotonically with decreasing collision energy, and show no rapid variations near thresholds, at variance with recent experimental observations (Sawyer et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 203203). C1 [Pavlovic, Z.; Tscherbul, T. V.; Sadeghpour, H. R.; Daigarno, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Pavlovic, Z.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Tscherbul, T. V.; Daigarno, A.] Harvard MIT Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Groenenboom, G. C.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Tscherbul, TV (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM tshcherb@cfa.harvard.edu RI Tscherbul, Timur/K-3286-2014; Groenenboom, Gerrit/F-9692-2015 OI Tscherbul, Timur/0000-0001-5689-040X; FU Chemical Science, Geoscience, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF FX We are grateful to Brian Sawyer and Kirk Madison for useful discussions. This work was supported by the Chemical Science, Geoscience, and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, and NSF grants to the Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms and to the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 52 BP 14670 EP 14680 DI 10.1021/jp904512r PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 539OF UT WOS:000273263700061 PM 19711929 ER PT J AU Rittenhouse, ST Cavagnero, MJ Greene, CH AF Rittenhouse, Seth T. Cavagnero, M. J. Greene, Chris H. TI Collective Coordinate Description of Anisotropically Trapped Degenerate Fermi Gases SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCE; CONDENSATION; SYSTEMS AB The solution of the many-body Schrodinger equation using an adiabatic treatment of the hyperradius is generalized to treat two components of a hyperspherical vector adiabatically. This treatment has advantages in certain physical situations, such as the description of a degenerate Fermi gas or Bose-Einstein condensate in an anisotropic trapping potential. A first application to the zero-temperature anisotropic Fermi gas is compared with predictions of the Hartree-Fock method. C1 [Rittenhouse, Seth T.; Greene, Chris H.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rittenhouse, Seth T.; Greene, Chris H.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cavagnero, M. J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Rittenhouse, ST (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM srittenhouse@cfa.harvard.edu RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Rittenhouse, Seth/E-7688-2011 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; FU NSF FX The authors Would like to thank Javier von Stecher for providing Hartree-Fock calculations and numerous useful discussions. This work was Supported by funding from the NSF. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 52 BP 15016 EP 15023 DI 10.1021/jp9051006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 539OF UT WOS:000273263700105 PM 19899802 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Bodo, E Dalgarno, A AF Zhang, Peng Bodo, Enrico Dalgarno, Alexander TI Near Resonance Charge Exchange in Ion-Atom Collisions of Lithium Isotopes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION; FROZEN RYDBERG GAS; ADIABATIC CORRECTION; NUMEROV METHOD; DIATOMIC MOLECULES; HYDROGEN MOLECULE; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; HARTREE-FOCK; ENERGY; STATES AB Collisions of ions and atoms of (6)Li and (7)Li are explored theoretically over a wide range of energy from 10(-14) to 1 eV. Accurate ab initio calculations are carried Out of the Born-Oppenheimer potentials and the nonadiabatic couplings that are responsible for the near resonance charge exchange. Scattering studies show that the calculated charge exchange cross section follows Wigner's law for inelastic processes for energies below 10(-10) eV and that the zero temperature rate constant for it is 2.1 x 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1). At collision energies much larger than the isotope shift of the ionization potentials of the atoms, we show that the near resonance charge exchange process is equivalent to the resonance charge exchange with cross sections having a logarithmic dependence on energy. A comparison with the Langevin model at intermediate energies is also presented. C1 [Zhang, Peng; Dalgarno, Alexander] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bodo, Enrico] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom Mol & Opt Phys ITAMP, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adalgarno@cfa.harvard.edu RI Bodo, Enrico/F-4375-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy; NSF; "Sapienza", University of Rome FX P.Z. and A.D. acknowledge support from the Chemical Science, Geoscience. and Bioscience Division of the Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. E.B. acknowledges travel Support from the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics (ITAMP), which is funded by the NSF and the financial support of "Sapienza", University of Rome. The computational resources were provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 52 BP 15085 EP 15091 DI 10.1021/jp905184a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 539OF UT WOS:000273263700113 PM 19746948 ER PT J AU Giraldo-Canas, D Peterson, PM AF Giraldo-Canas, Diego Peterson, Paul M. TI The genus Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) in Colombia SO CALDASIA LA Spanish DT Article DE Aegopogon; Lycurus; Muhlenbergia; Pereilema; Chloridoideae; Poaceae; Neotropical grasses; Flora of Colombia ID CLASSIFICATION; GRAMINEAE; EVOLUTION AB A taxonomic study of the Colombian species of the genus Muhlenbergia is given. The aspects related to the classification, nomenclature, and morphological variation are discussed. The genus Muhlenbergia is represented in Colombia by 14 species. The following new combinations and new names are made: Muhlenbergia bryophilus (Doll) P. M. Peterson, Muhlenbergia cenchroides (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) P. M. Peterson, Muhlenbergia pereilema P. M. Peterson, and Muhlenbergia phalaroides (Kunth) P. M Peterson. Muhlenbergia cleefii Laegaard is reduced as synonym of Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J. Presl) Henrard. Muhlenbergia beyrichiana Kunth, Muhlenbergia ciliata (Kunth) Trin., Muhlenbergia erectifolia Swallen [= Ortachne erectifolia (Swallen) Clayton], Muhlenbergia nigra Hitchc., and Muhlenbergia wallisii Mez [= Agrostopoa wallisii (Mez) P. M. Peterson, Soreng & Davidse] are excluded from this study. Keys to recognize the species that inhabit Colombia are given, as well as description of the species, synonyms, geographical distribution, morphological and ecological observations, uses, and chromosome numbers. C1 [Giraldo-Canas, Diego] Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, Colombia. [Peterson, Paul M.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Giraldo-Canas, D (reprint author), Univ Nacl Colombia, Fac Ciencias, Inst Ciencias Nat, Apartado 7495, Bogota, Colombia. EM dagiraldoc@unal.edu.co; peterson@si.edu NR 54 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST CIENCIAS NATURALES, MUSEO HISTORIA NATURAL PI BOGOTA PA FAC CIENCIAS, UNIV NACIONAL COLOMBIA, APARTADO 7495, BOGOTA, 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0366-5232 J9 CALDASIA JI Caldasia PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 31 IS 2 BP 269 EP 302 PG 34 WC Plant Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Zoology SC Plant Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Zoology GA 572RJ UT WOS:000275850200007 ER PT J AU Santos-Lleo, M Schartel, N Tananbaum, H Tucker, W Weisskopf, MC AF Santos-Lleo, Maria Schartel, Norbert Tananbaum, Harvey Tucker, Wallace Weisskopf, Martin C. TI The first decade of science with Chandra and XMM-Newton SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-EMISSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; CHARGE-EXCHANGE EMISSION; RELAXED GALAXY CLUSTERS; DARK-MATTER PROFILE; BLACK-HOLE; SUPERNOVA-REMNANT; GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; LINE EMISSION AB NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the ESA's X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) made their first observations ten years ago. The complementary capabilities of these observatories allow us to make high-resolution images and precisely measure the energy of cosmic X-rays. Less than 50 years after the first detection of an extrasolar X-ray source, these observatories have achieved an increase in sensitivity comparable to going from naked-eye observations to the most powerful optical telescopes over the past 400 years. We highlight some of the many discoveries made by Chandra and XMM-Newton that have transformed twenty-first century astronomy. C1 [Weisskopf, Martin C.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Santos-Lleo, Maria; Schartel, Norbert] European Space Agcy, XMM Newton Sci Operat Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Tananbaum, Harvey; Tucker, Wallace] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Chandra Xray Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Weisskopf, MC (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM martin.c.weisskopf@nasa.gov NR 90 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 24 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7276 BP 997 EP 1004 DI 10.1038/nature08690 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535UB UT WOS:000272996000035 PM 20033037 ER PT J AU Gjershaug, JO Lerner, HRL Diserud, OH AF Gjershaug, Jan O. Lerner, Heather R. L. Diserud, Ola H. TI Taxonomy and distribution of the Pygmy Eagle Aquila (Hieraaetus) weiskei (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE morphology; genetics; pennata; morphnoides; Little Eagle; New Guinea; Moluccas ID PHYLOGENY; AVES AB We re-evaluated the taxonomic status of the New Guinean subspecies weiskei of the Little Eagle Aquila morphnoides and confirmed that it differs considerably from the Australian A. morphnoides in multiple morphological and plumage characters. Genetic differentiation in published mitochondrial cyt-b and ND2 sequences between the nominate subspecies and weiskei is equivalent to that found between other accipitrid taxa at the species level, as are pairwise divergences between each Little Eagle taxon and their sister species, the Booted Eagle A. pennata. The available morphological and genetic evidence thus strongly and unambiguously supports the specific distinctness of A. weiskei. We propose the English name Pygmy Eagle, as this is the world's smallest known eagle. We show that the distribution of A. weiskei includes the western part of New Guinea (Vogelkop) and the Moluccas (Halmahera, Ternate and Seram), based on our new observations. C1 [Gjershaug, Jan O.; Diserud, Ola H.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Lerner, Heather R. L.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Natl Zool Pk, Genet Lab, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP Gjershaug, JO (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Nat Res, Tungasletta 2, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. EM jan.o.gjershaug@nina.no; lernerh@si.edu; ola.diserud@nina.no NR 43 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 24 PY 2009 IS 2326 BP 24 EP 38 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 535ZP UT WOS:000273010800002 ER PT J AU Soreng, RJ Gillespie, LJ Jacobs, SWL AF Soreng, Robert J. Gillespie, Lynn J. Jacobs, Surrey W. L. TI Saxipoa and Sylvipoa - two new genera and a new classification for Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae) SO AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE DATA; POEAE; GENUS; HOOKEROCHLOA; GRAMINEAE; NUCLEAR AB Two species are removed from the genus Poa in Australia on the basis of morphology and DNA and placed in new genera. One is placed in Saxipoa Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs - type: S. saxicola (R.Br.) Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs; and one is placed in Sylvipoa Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs - type: S. queenslandica (C.E. Hubb.) Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs. An infrageneric classification of Poa is proposed that places all 41 indigenous Australian species in P. subg. Poa supersect. Homalopoa sect. Brizoides. Thirty-three of these species, plus six species of New Zealand Poa, are placed in a new P. subsect. Australopoa Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs. Two species are placed in P. subsect. Austrofestuca (Tzvelev) Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs, one in P. subsect. Brizoides (Pilg. ex Potztal) Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs, and one in P. subsect. Neuropoa (Clayton) Soreng, L. J. Gillespie & S. W. L. Jacobs. C1 [Soreng, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Gillespie, Lynn J.] Canadian Museum Nat, Div Res, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. [Jacobs, Surrey W. L.] Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. RP Soreng, RJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM sorengr@si.edu NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1030-1887 J9 AUST SYST BOT JI Aust. Syst. Bot. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 401 EP 412 DI 10.1071/SB09003 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 534EP UT WOS:000272879300001 ER PT J AU Gillespie, LJ Soreng, RJ Jacobs, SWL AF Gillespie, Lynn J. Soreng, Robert J. Jacobs, Surrey W. L. TI Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae), including molecular evidence for two new genera, Saxipoa and Sylvipoa SO AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION SITE DATA; DNA-SEQUENCES; POEAE; NUCLEAR; GENUS; CLASSIFICATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; HOOKEROCHLOA; GRAMINEAE; POOIDEAE AB Phylogenetic relationships among Australian species of Poa and other subtribe Poinae genera were studied on the basis of plastid trnT-trnL-trnF and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS DNA sequence data. Molecular evidence is provided for two new monotypic endemic Australian genera, Sylvipoa and Saxipoa, on the basis of two species formerly included in Poa, P. queenslandica and P. saxicola, respectively. Both new genera resolved in a clade with three subtribe Poinae genera, the Australian genus Hookerochloa, the South American genus Nicoraepoa, and the arctic genus Arctagrostis. Sylvipoa and Nicoraepoa are sister taxa. Saxipoa resolved as sister to these plus Arctagrostis, but also shares DNA sequence characters with Hookerochloa, suggesting a possible hybrid origin. All other Australian Poa species studied resolved in a subclade within the P. subgenus Poa supersection Homalopoa clade, supporting their classification together in an expanded P. section Brizoides. Five New Zealand and one New Guinea species also resolved in this subclade, supporting their membership in this section. We postulate a minimum of two dispersal events into Australia, one for Poa and one for other Poinae genera, and a minimum of three into New Zealand and two into New Guinea for Poa. C1 [Gillespie, Lynn J.] Canadian Museum Nat, Div Res, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. [Soreng, Robert J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Bot, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Jacobs, Surrey W. L.] Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. RP Gillespie, LJ (reprint author), Canadian Museum Nat, Div Res, POB 3443,Stn D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada. EM lgillespie@mus-nature.ca FU Canadian Museum of Nature FX We gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance in the field in Australia from Bryan Simon and Paul Peterson, and the following people and institutions for contribution of samples: Susan Aiken, Annie Archambault, Christian Brochmann, Pilar Catalan, Daniel Stancik, Franciose Hennion (French Polar Institute (IPEV) Program no. 136, headed by Marc Lebouvier), Kelvin Lloyd, Terry Macfarlane, Marina Olonova, Paul Peterson, Sierra Stoneberg-Holt, Neville Walsh, Jun Wen, Stoney Wright, and the USDA Plant Introduction Station of Pullman Washington; Richard Gardner, Jeanette Keeling, Peter de Lange, Shane Wright and Ewen Cameron at the University of Auckland (A New Zealand biodiversity database, unpubl.) are acknowledged for their ITS sequences of New Zealand species and voucher information. We thank Michel Paradis and Roger Bull for assistance in sequencing and laboratory support at the Canadian Museum of Nature; and Jeff Saarela for his helpful review of the manuscript. The Canadian Museum of Nature is acknowledged for financial assistance and support of L. J. G., and the Smithsonian Institution for their continued support of R. J. S. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1030-1887 J9 AUST SYST BOT JI Aust. Syst. Bot. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 22 IS 6 BP 413 EP 436 DI 10.1071/SB09016 PG 24 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 534EP UT WOS:000272879300002 ER PT J AU Klose, SM Welbergen, JA Kalko, EKV AF Klose, Stefan M. Welbergen, Justin A. Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. TI Testosterone is associated with harem maintenance ability in free-ranging grey-headed flying-foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE territoriality; androgens; fruit bat; palaeotropical ID CHALLENGE HYPOTHESIS; MATING SUCCESS; PLASMA; PTEROPODIDAE; AGGRESSION; CHIROPTERA; DOMINANCE; SPARROWS; STRESS AB Males of many vertebrate species aggressively defend their reproductive interests by monopolizing females, and the 'challenge hypothesis' predicts that testosterone levels in reproductive contexts rise to facilitate males' competitive behaviours necessary for meeting social challenges. The hypothesis is successful in explaining patterns of testosterone secretion in many avian species, but remains comparatively unexplored in mammals. 'Circulating plasma testosterone levels (T)' were studied in relation to harem maintenance in grey-headed flying-foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus. In this species, harems provide mating opportunities and so a male's ability to maintain a harem is likely to correlate with his fitness. We hypothesized that if T reflect a male's ability to withstand challenges from competitors, then T should be linked to successful harem maintenance. To test this, we temporarily removed males from their territories prior to and during the short mating period, recording their harem sizes both before removal and after reintroduction. Most males successfully reclaimed their territory and a harem, but during the mating period, males with higher T had harems closer to their original size, and males with lower T suffered reduction in harem size. Our findings highlight the role of T in harem maintenance in a major mammalian taxon with complex forms of social organization. C1 [Klose, Stefan M.; Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Klose, Stefan M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Welbergen, Justin A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Klose, SM (reprint author), Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Albert Einstein Allee 11, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. EM stefan.klose@uni-ulm.de FU Australian Government Endeavour Awards; Friedrich Ebert Foundation; Qantas Airways; University of Queensland; Ulm University FX S. M. K. was supported by the Australian Government Endeavour Awards, Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Qantas Airways, University of Queensland and Ulm University. We thank S. Berger, H. Field, A. Goldizen, D. Pinson, C. Smith and J. Thomas for support and discussions. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 758 EP 761 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0563 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 517QM UT WOS:000271632000013 PM 19689980 ER PT J AU Bergen, KM Goetz, SJ Dubayah, RO Henebry, GM Hunsaker, CT Imhoff, ML Nelson, RF Parker, GG Radeloff, VC AF Bergen, K. M. Goetz, S. J. Dubayah, R. O. Henebry, G. M. Hunsaker, C. T. Imhoff, M. L. Nelson, R. F. Parker, G. G. Radeloff, V. C. TI Remote sensing of vegetation 3-D structure for biodiversity and habitat: Review and implications for lidar and radar spaceborne missions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SIR-C/X-SAR; FOREST STRUCTURE; TROPICAL FORESTS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TEMPERATE FOREST; BIRD COMMUNITIES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR; STAND STRUCTURE AB Biodiversity and habitat face increasing pressures due to human and natural influences that alter vegetation structure. Because of the inherent difficulty of measuring forested vegetation three-dimensional (3-D) structure on the ground, this important component of biodiversity and habitat has been, until recently, largely restricted to local measurements, or at larger scales to generalizations. New lidar and radar remote sensing instruments such as those proposed for spaceborne missions will provide the capability to fill this gap. This paper reviews the state of the art for incorporatinginformation on vegetation 3-D structure into biodiversity and habitat science and management approaches, with emphasis on use of lidar and radar data. First we review relationships between vegetation 3-D structure, biodiversity and habitat, and metrics commonly used to describe those relationships. Next, we review the technical capabilities of new lidar and radar sensors and their application to biodiversity and habitat studies to date. We then define variables that have been identified as both useful and feasible to retrieve from spaceborne lidar and radar observations and provide their accuracy and precision requirements. We conclude with a brief discussion of implications for spaceborne missions and research programs. The possibility to derive vegetation 3-D measurements from spaceborne active sensors and to integrate them into science and management comes at a critical juncture for global biodiversity conservation and opens new possibilities for advanced scientific analysis of habitat and biodiversity. C1 [Bergen, K. M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Goetz, S. J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Dubayah, R. O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hunsaker, C. T.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA 93729 USA. [Imhoff, M. L.; Nelson, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Parker, G. G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Radeloff, V. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bergen, KM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dana Bldg,440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kbergen@umich.edu RI Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013; Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU Diane Wickland; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program FX Colead authors are K. M. Bergen and S. J. Goetz; all additional coauthors contributed equally to this paper and are listed alphabetically. The authors extend appreciation to the many organizers and participants in several NASA workshops on vegetation structure and on DESDynI/ICESAT-II; to Diane Wickland, NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program for continued support of such workshops; and to the anonymous reviewers of this paper for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 115 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 8 U2 86 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G00E06 DI 10.1029/2008JG000883 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 536LX UT WOS:000273047000001 ER PT J AU Duarte, M Robbins, RK AF Duarte, Marcelo Robbins, Robert K. TI Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C-janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE artificial diet; chaetotaxy; life history; morphology; rearing; systematics ID ARTIFICIAL DIET AB Details of egg, larval, and pupal morphology are described and illustrated for Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder), with a special emphasis on larval chaetotaxy. Wild-caught Calycopis females laid eggs on dead leaves in the laboratory, and the caterpillars successfully completed development on an artificial agar diet to which no leaves were added. Males and females of the sexually dimorphic C. bellera had been previously placed in different genera or different species groups. Calycopis janeirica had been chronically misidentified (and misspelled C. jeneirica). Males and females of this species appear to be correctly associated for the first time. Whereas C. bellera has five larval instars-as reported previously for C. caulonia-C. janeirica has four. Morphological characters of the immatures of C. bellera and C. janeirica are summarized in a table and compared with those of other reared Calycopis species. C1 [Duarte, Marcelo] Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Robbins, Robert K.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Duarte, M (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Museu Zool, Ave Nazare 481, BR-04263000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mduartes@usp.br; RobbinsR@si.edu RI Duarte, Marcelo/K-7633-2012; Museu de Zoologia da USP, MZ-USP/Q-2192-2016 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2002/13898-0]; Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa/USP/Projeto 1 FX This paper is dedicated to Mirna M. Casagrande and Olaf H. H. Mielke for their guidance, wisdom, and encouragement to the first author during his dissertation. We are grateful to our colleague Gerardo Lamas for sharing his nomenclatural expertise and his encyclopedic knowledge of the disposition of type specimens. We thank Don Harvey for his continued interest and superb comments on the morphology of immatures. We thank Andre V. L. Freitas, John Brown, Konrad Fiedler, Robert Busby, and an anonymous reviewer for reading and commenting on the manuscript. This paper is part of the project "Systematics, Bionomy, and Evolution of Neotropical Lepidoptera" supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP process number 2002/13898-0). Complementary grants were provided by the Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa/USP/Projeto 1. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 23 PY 2009 IS 2325 BP 39 EP 61 PG 23 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 535ZO UT WOS:000273010700004 ER PT J AU Yasuhara, M Hunt, G Cronin, TM Okahashi, H AF Yasuhara, Moriaki Hunt, Gene Cronin, Thomas M. Okahashi, Hisayo TI Temporal latitudinal-gradient dynamics and tropical instability of deep-sea species diversity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE deep-sea Ostracoda; global climate change; latitudinal species diversity gradients; macroecology; Quaternary paleoceanography ID SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY RESPONSE; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; FOOD LIMITATION; CEARA RISE; OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY; SCALE AB A benthic microfaunal record from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean over the past four glacial-interglacial cycles was investigated to understand temporal dynamics of deep-sea latitudinal species diversity gradients (LSDGs). The results demonstrate unexpected instability and high amplitude fluctuations of species diversity in the tropical deep ocean that are correlated with orbital-scale oscillations in global climate: Species diversity is low during glacial and high during interglacial periods. This implies that climate severely influences deep-sea diversity, even at tropical latitudes, and that deep-sea LSDGs, while generally present for the last 36 million years, were weakened or absent during glacial periods. Temporally dynamic LSDGs and unstable tropical diversity require reconsideration of current ecological hypotheses about the generation and maintenance of biodiversity as they apply to the deep sea, and underscore the potential vulnerability and conservation importance of tropical deep-sea ecosystems. C1 [Yasuhara, Moriaki; Hunt, Gene; Okahashi, Hisayo] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Cronin, Thomas M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. RP Yasuhara, M (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Paleobiol, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM moriakiyasuhara@gmail.com RI Hunt, Gene/B-3783-2010; Yasuhara, Moriaki/A-4986-2008 OI Hunt, Gene/0000-0001-6430-5020; Yasuhara, Moriaki/0000-0001-8501-4863 FU Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship; Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad FX We thank H. J. Dowsett, D. A. Willard, and two anonymous referees for constructively critical reviews, J. Dyszynski for sample processing, and W. B. Curry for ODP 925 isotope and composite data. This research used samples provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). This work was supported by a Smithsonian Postdoctoral Fellowship, a Smithsonian Marine Science Network Postdoctoral Fellowship, and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowships for Research Abroad (to M.Y.). NR 65 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 51 BP 21717 EP 21720 DI 10.1073/pnas.0910935106 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535TM UT WOS:000272994200047 PM 20018702 ER PT J AU Weir, JT Bermingham, E Schluter, D AF Weir, Jason T. Bermingham, Eldredge Schluter, Dolph TI The Great American Biotic Interchange in birds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE land bridge; South America; biogeography; Neotropics ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; SEQUENCE DATA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS; DISCRETE CHARACTERS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NEOTROPICAL BIRDS; WOODCREEPERS AVES; ANCESTOR STATES; CYTOCHROME-B; EVOLUTION AB The sudden exchange of mammals over the land bridge between the previously isolated continents of North and South America is among the most celebrated events in the faunal history of the New World. This exchange resulted in the rapid merging of continental mammalian faunas that had evolved in almost complete isolation from each other for tens of millions of years. Yet, the wider importance of land bridge-mediated interchange to faunal mixing in other groups is poorly known because of the incompleteness of the fossil record. In particular, the ability of birds to fly may have rendered a land bridge unnecessary for faunal merging. Using molecular dating of the unique bird faunas of the two continents, we show that rates of interchange increased dramatically after land bridge completion in tropical forest-specializing groups, which rarely colonize oceanic islands and have poor dispersal abilities across water barriers, but not in groups comprised of habitat generalists. These results support the role of the land bridge in the merging of the tropical forest faunas of North and South America. In contrast to mammals, the direction of traffic across the land bridge in birds was primarily south to north. The event transformed the tropical avifauna of the New World. C1 [Weir, Jason T.; Schluter, Dolph] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Weir, Jason T.; Schluter, Dolph] Univ British Columbia, Biodivers Res Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Weir, Jason T.; Bermingham, Eldredge; Schluter, Dolph] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Weir, Jason T.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Weir, JT (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, 6270 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM jtweir@uchicago.edu RI Weir, Jason/A-2920-2009 FU Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation FX We thank T. Price for critical discussions and reading of the manuscript, L. Harmon for R code, O. Sanjur and I. Lovette for logistical assistance, and M. J. Miller and A. Kirschel for donating several tissues from eastern Panama and Nicaragua. This work was supported by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (J. T. W and E. B.), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (J. T. W and D. S.), and the Canada Foundation for Innovation (D. S.). NR 49 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 51 BP 21737 EP 21742 DI 10.1073/pnas.0903811106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535TM UT WOS:000272994200051 PM 19996168 ER PT J AU Wappler, T Currano, ED Wilf, P Rust, J Labandeira, CC AF Wappler, Torsten Currano, Ellen D. Wilf, Peter Rust, Jes Labandeira, Conrad C. TI No post-Cretaceous ecosystem depression in European forests? Rich insect-feeding damage on diverse middle Palaeocene plants, Menat, France SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Palaeocene; Europe; herbivory; plant-insect interactions; end-Cretaceous extinction ID TERTIARY BOUNDARY; TROPICAL FORESTS; FOSSIL RECORD; EARLY EOCENE; LEAF; EXTINCTION; END; ASSOCIATIONS; HERBIVORY; PATAGONIA AB Insect herbivores are considered vulnerable to extinctions of their plant hosts. Previous studies of insect-damaged fossil leaves in the US Western Interior showed major plant and insect herbivore extinction at the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-T) boundary. Further, the regional plant-insect system remained depressed or ecologically unbalanced throughout the Palaeocene. Whereas Cretaceous floras had high plant and insect-feeding diversity, all Palaeocene assemblages to date had low richness of plants, insect feeding or both. Here, we use leaf fossils from the middle Palaeocene Menat site, France, which has the oldest well-preserved leaf assemblage from the Palaeocene of Europe, to test the generality of the observed Palaeocene US pattern. Surprisingly, Menat combines high floral diversity with high insect activity, making it the first observation of a 'healthy' Palaeocene plant-insect system. Furthermore, rich and abundant leaf mines across plant species indicate well-developed host specialization. The diversity and complexity of plant-insect interactions at Menat suggest that the net effects of the K-T extinction were less at this greater distance from the Chicxulub, Mexico, impact site. Along with the available data from other regions, our results show that the end-Cretaceous event did not cause a uniform, long-lasting depression of global terrestrial ecosystems. Rather, it gave rise to varying regional patterns of ecological collapse and recovery that appear to have been strongly influenced by distance from the Chicxulub structure. C1 [Wappler, Torsten; Rust, Jes] Steinmann Inst, Div Palaeontol, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Currano, Ellen D.] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Currano, Ellen D.] So Methodist Univ, Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75205 USA. [Wilf, Peter] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Paleobiol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Labandeira, Conrad C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wappler, T (reprint author), Steinmann Inst, Div Palaeontol, Nussallee 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. EM twappler@uni-bonn.de RI Wappler, Torsten/D-4287-2011 OI Wappler, Torsten/0000-0003-1592-0988 FU European Community Research Infrastructure Action; German Science Foundation [RU 665/4-1, 4-2]; American Philosophical Society; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; NSF Graduate Research [EAR-0345910] FX We are grateful to Carlos A. Jaramillo and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research received support from the SYNTHESYS Project (http://www.synthesys.info), which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the Structuring the European Research Area Program (to T.W.), and a grant from the German Science Foundation (RU 665/4-1, 4-2, to J.R. and T.W.). Additional support was provided by the American Philosophical Society and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (to P.W.) and by an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (to E.D.C.). We especially thank Beth Ellis and Kirk Johnson for their untiring work on Cretaceous and Palaeogene floras in the Western Interior, supported by NSF grant EAR-0345910, to acquire data cited here. NR 56 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 276 IS 1677 BP 4271 EP 4277 DI 10.1098/rspb.2009.1255 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 516YE UT WOS:000271578700002 PM 19776074 ER PT J AU Smith, RJ Longmore, S Bonnell, I AF Smith, Rowan J. Longmore, Steven Bonnell, Ian TI The simultaneous formation of massive stars and stellar clusters SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; techniques: interferometric; stars: formation; ISM: clouds; ISM: structure ID ORION-NEBULA-CLUSTER; INFRARED-DARK CLOUDS; MOLECULAR CLOUDS; PROTOSTELLAR CANDIDATES; INTERMEDIATE-MASS; TURBULENT CORES; DUST CONTINUUM; COLUMN DENSITY; FRAGMENTATION; MILLIMETER AB We show that massive stars and stellar clusters are formed simultaneously, the global evolution of the forming cluster is what allows the central stars to become massive. We predict that massive star-forming clumps, such as those observed in Motte et al., contract and grow in mass leading to the formation of massive stars. This occurs as mass is continually channelled from large radii on to the central protostars, which can become massive through accretion. Using smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations of massive star-forming clumps in a giant molecular cloud, we show that clumps are initially diffuse and filamentary, and become more concentrated as they collapse. Simulated interferometry observations of our data provide an explanation as to why young massive star-forming regions show more substructure than older ones. The most massive stars in our model are found within the most bound cluster. Most of the mass accreted by the massive stars was originally distributed throughout the clump at low densities and was later funnelled to the star due to global infall. Even with radiative feedback no massive pre-stellar cores are formed. The original cores are of intermediate mass and gain their additional mass in the protostellar stage. We also find that cores which form low-mass stars exist within the volume from which the high-mass stars accrete, but are largely unaffected by this process. C1 [Smith, Rowan J.; Bonnell, Ian] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Longmore, Steven] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Smith, RJ (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. EM rjs22@st-andrews.ac.uk NR 47 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 400 IS 4 BP 1775 EP 1784 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15621.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 529QK UT WOS:000272532100010 ER PT J AU Narayanan, D Cox, TJ Hayward, CC Younger, JD Hernquist, L AF Narayanan, Desika Cox, Thomas J. Hayward, Christopher C. Younger, Joshua D. Hernquist, Lars TI The star-forming molecular gas in high-redshift Submillimetre Galaxies SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE ISM: molecules; galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: starburst; cosmology: theory ID INITIAL MASS FUNCTION; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CONTINUUM RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; DEGREE EXTRAGALACTIC SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; GREEN-BANK-TELESCOPE; BLACK-HOLES; MAJOR MERGERS; SMM J14011+0252 AB We present a model for the CO molecular line emission from high-redshift Submillimetre Galaxies (SMGs). By combining hydrodynamic simulations of gas-rich galaxy mergers with the polychromatic radiative transfer code, sunrise, and the 3D non-LTE molecular line radiative transfer code, turtlebeach, we show that if SMGs are typically a transient phase of major mergers, then their observed compact CO spatial extents, broad linewidths and high excitation conditions (CO spectral energy distribution) are naturally explained. In this sense, SMGs can be understood as scaled-up analogues to local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULRIGs). We utilize these models to investigate the usage of CO as an indicator of physical conditions. We find that care must be taken when applying standard techniques. The usage of CO linewidths as a dynamical mass estimator from SMGs can possibly overestimate the true enclosed mass by a factor of similar to 1.5-2. At the same time, assumptions of line ratios of unity from CO J = 3-2 (and higher lying lines) to CO (J = 1-0) will oftentimes lead to underestimates of the inferred gas mass. We provide tests for these models by outlining predictions for experiments which are imminently feasible with the current generation of bolometer arrays and radio-wave spectrometers. C1 [Narayanan, Desika; Cox, Thomas J.; Hayward, Christopher C.; Younger, Joshua D.; Hernquist, Lars] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Narayanan, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dnarayanan@cfa.harvard.edu RI Hayward, Christopher/I-4756-2012 OI Hayward, Christopher/0000-0003-4073-3236 FU Harvard FAS Research Computing Group; W. M. Keck Foundation; NSF Graduate Student Research Fellowship FX We thank Kristen Coppin, Reinhard Genzel, Thomas Greve, Laura Hainline and Daisuke Iono for helpful discussions and comments on an earlier draft of this paper. We are extremely grateful to Patrik Jonsson and Brent Groves for their extensive help with sunrise. The simulations in this paper were run on the Odyssey cluster supported by the Harvard FAS Research Computing Group. This work was partially funded by a grant from the W. M. Keck Foundation (TJC) and a NSF Graduate Student Research Fellowship (CCH). NR 110 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 400 IS 4 BP 1919 EP 1935 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15581.x PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 529QK UT WOS:000272532100025 ER PT J AU Baron-Szabo, RC AF Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C. TI Remarks on the genus Bathangia Keferstein, 1859, with the re-description of the holotype of the type species Bathangia sessilis (Schlotheim, 1820) (Anthozoa, Scleractinia; Middle Eocene [Lutetian]) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB The genus Bathangia Keferstein, 1859 is a poorly known group that consists of a single species, the type species Bathangia sessilis (Schlotheim. 1820). The description by Keferstein had been the only detailed documentation of the type species, and based on Keferstein's decription, Vaughan & Wells (1943) and Wells (1956) grouped this genus with Coenocyathus Milne Edwards & Haime. Re-examination of the type material has revealed, however, that Bathangia. has rhizangiid structures and, therefore, must be excluded from the synonymy of the caryophyllid genus Coenocyathus. The purpose of the present paper is to give the description of the holotype of the type species, a short review of its history, and provide the first photographic images of the type material of Bathangia sessilis (Schlotheim, 1820). C1 [Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Baron-Szabo, Rosemarie C.] Senckenberg Res Inst, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Baron-Szabo, RC (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, W-329,MRC-0163, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Rosemarie.Baron-Szabo@senckenberg.de FU German Research Foundation (DFG) [Ba 1830/3] FX The author is most grateful to Dennis M. Opresko (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee) for helpful comments on the manuscript. Many thanks to Wolfgang Kiessling (Museum of Natural History, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany) who provided helpful information regarding stratigraphic questions, and to Dieter Korn (Museum of Natural History, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany) for making the material accessible. This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) (Ba 1830/3). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 122 IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.2988/08-44.1 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 540ZJ UT WOS:000273380100001 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI Lectotype and type locality of Turdus trichas Linnaeus, 1766 (Aves: Parulidae: Geothlypis) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article AB Turdus trichas Linnaeus, 1766 is a composite of two species. To preserve the name as currently used for the Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas, the specimen illustrated by Edwards (1758) is designated as lectotype and Charleston, South Carolina, is designated as the revised type locality. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 122 IS 4 BP 464 EP 465 DI 10.2988/09-17.1 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 540ZJ UT WOS:000273380100008 ER PT J AU Olson, SL AF Olson, Storrs L. TI A new diminutive species of shearwater of the genus Calonectris (Aves: Procellariidae) from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Chesapeake Bay SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID ISLAND AB Calonectris kurodai, new species, is described from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Virginia and Maryland. This shearwater was much smaller than any living congeneric species and provides the earliest record for the genus Calonectris. A femur referred to Calonectris sp. is probably from later Miocene deposits of the Choptank Formation and was about the size of the smallest living species C. edwardsi. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Olson, SL (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM olsons@si.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 122 IS 4 BP 466 EP 470 DI 10.2988/09-19.1 PG 5 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 540ZJ UT WOS:000273380100009 ER PT J AU Huenemoerder, DP Schulz, NS Testa, P Kesich, A Canizares, CR AF Huenemoerder, David P. Schulz, Norbert S. Testa, Paola Kesich, Anthony Canizares, Claude R. TI X-RAY EMISSION AND CORONA OF THE YOUNG INTERMEDIATE-MASS BINARY theta(1) Ori E SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars: coronae; stars: individual (tet01 Ori E); stars: pre-main sequence; X-rays: stars ID HERBIG-AE/BE STARS; T-TAURI STARS; TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; SOLAR MODEL PROBLEM; HELIUM-LIKE IONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; XMM-NEWTON; NEBULA-CLUSTER; AE STAR AB theta(1) Ori E is a young, moderate mass binary system, a rarely observed case of spectral-type G-giants of about 3 solar masses, which are still collapsing toward the main sequence, where they presumably become X-ray faint. We have obtained high-resolution X-ray spectra with Chandra and find that the system is very active and similar to coronal sources, having emission typical of magnetically confined plasma. It has a broad temperature distribution with a hot component and significant high energy continuum; narrow emission lines from H-and He-like ions, as well as a range of Fe ions, and relative luminosity, Lx/Lbol = 10(-3), at the saturation limit. Density, while poorly constrained, is consistent with the low density limits, our upper limits being n(e) < 10(13) cm(-3) for Mg xi and n(e) < 10(12) cm(-3) for Ne ix. Coronal elemental abundances are sub-solar, with Ne being the highest at about 0.4 times solar. We find a possible trend in Trapezium hot plasmas toward low relative abundances of Fe, O, and Ne, which is hard to explain in terms of the dust depletion scenarios of low-mass young stars. Variability was unusually low during our observations relative to other coronally active stars. Qualitatively, the emission is similar to post-main-sequence G-stars. Coronal structures could be compact or comparable to the dimensions of the stellar radii. From comparison to X-ray emission from similar mass stars at various evolutionary epochs, we conclude that the X-rays in theta(1) Ori E are generated by a convective dynamo, present during contraction, but which will vanish during the main-sequence epoch possibly to be resurrected during post-main-sequence evolution. C1 [Huenemoerder, David P.; Schulz, Norbert S.; Kesich, Anthony; Canizares, Claude R.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Testa, Paola] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Huenemoerder, DP (reprint author), MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [SV3- 73016, NAS8- 03060] FX Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory contract SV3- 73016 to MIT for Support of the Chandra X- Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8- 03060. NR 80 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 942 EP 953 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/942 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400010 ER PT J AU Wu, JW Vanden Bout, PA Evans, NJ Dunham, MM AF Wu, Jingwen Vanden Bout, Paul A. Evans, Neal J., II Dunham, Michael M. TI CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS AT 350 MICRONS OF HIGH-REDSHIFT MOLECULAR EMISSION LINE GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: formation; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: ISM; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies ID SUBMILLIMETER-SELECTED GALAXIES; GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED QUASARS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MU-M OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; INFRARED GALAXIES; CO EMISSION; ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXIES; THERMAL EMISSION; SMM J14011+0252 AB We report observations of 15 high-redshift (z = 1-5) galaxies at 350 mu m using the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera II array detector. Emission was detected from eight galaxies, for which far-infrared luminosities, star formation rates (SFRs), total dust masses, and minimum source size estimates are derived. These galaxies have SFRs and star formation efficiencies comparable to other high-redshift molecular emission line galaxies. The results are used to test the idea that star formation in these galaxies occurs in a large number of basic units, the units being similar to star-forming clumps in the Milky Way. The luminosity of these extreme galaxies can be reproduced in a simple model with (0.9-30) x10(6) dense clumps, each with a luminosity of 5 x 10(5) L(circle dot), the mean value for such clumps in the Milky Way. Radiative transfer models of such clumps can provide reasonable matches to the overall spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the galaxies. They indicate that the individual clumps are quite opaque in the far-infrared. Luminosity-to-mass ratios vary over two orders of magnitude, correlating strongly with the dust temperature derived from simple fits to the SED. The gas masses derived from the dust modeling are in remarkable agreement with those from CO luminosities, suggesting that the assumptions going into both calculations are reasonable. C1 [Wu, Jingwen; Evans, Neal J., II; Dunham, Michael M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78731 USA. [Wu, Jingwen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vanden Bout, Paul A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Wu, JW (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78731 USA. EM jwu@cfa.harvard.edu; pvandenb@nrao.edu; nje@astro.as.utexas.edu; mdunham@astro.as.utexas.edu OI Vanden Bout, Paul/0000-0003-3304-3974 NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 988 EP 999 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/988 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400014 ER PT J AU Henning, WG O'Connell, RJ Sasselov, DD AF Henning, Wade G. O'Connell, Richard J. Sasselov, Dimitar D. TI TIDALLY HEATED TERRESTRIAL EXOPLANETS: VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE celestial mechanics; planetary systems; planets and satellites: general ID EXTRASOLAR PLANETARY SYSTEMS; SEISMIC-WAVE ATTENUATION; GALILEAN SATELLITES; ORBITAL EVOLUTION; SHEAR MODULUS; GIANT PLANETS; THERMAL STATE; LIQUID WATER; ICE SHELL; IO AB Tidal friction in exoplanet systems, driven by orbits that allow for durable nonzero eccentricities at short heliocentric periods, can generate internal heating far in excess of the conditions observed in our own solar system. Secular perturbations or a notional 2: 1 resonance between a hot Earth and hot Jupiter can be used as a baseline to consider the thermal evolution of convecting bodies subject to strong viscoelastic tidal heating. We compare results first from simple models using a fixed Quality factor and Love number, and then for three different viscoelastic rheologies: the Maxwell body, the Standard Anelastic Solid (SAS), and the Burgers body. The SAS and Burgers models are shown to alter the potential for extreme tidal heating by introducing the possibility of new equilibria and multiple response peaks. We find that tidal heating tends to exceed radionuclide heating at periods below 10-30 days, and exceed insolation only below 1-2 days. Extreme cases produce enough tidal heat to initiate global-scale partial melting, and an analysis of tidal limiting mechanisms such as advective cooling for earthlike planets is discussed. To explore long-term behaviors, we map equilibria points between convective heat loss and tidal heat input as functions of eccentricity. For the periods and magnitudes discussed, we show that tidal heating, if significant, is generally detrimental to the width of habitable zones. C1 [Henning, Wade G.; O'Connell, Richard J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Sasselov, Dimitar D.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Henning, WG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM henning@fas.harvard.edu FU NASA [NNG05GP17]; NSF [EAR0440017]; Origins of Life Initiative at Harvard University FX This work has been supported by NASA Grant NNG05GP17, NSF Grant EAR0440017, and the Origins of Life Initiative at Harvard University. We thank Daniel C. Fabrycky, Jack J. Lissauer, Ruth Murray- Clay, and Sarah T. Stewart- Mukhopadhyay for many helpful reviews and comments. We especially thank Dr. Michael Efroimsky for his uniquely careful, detailed, and thoughtful comments on our work. NR 105 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1000 EP 1015 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1000 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400015 ER PT J AU Baldi, A Forman, W Jones, C Kraft, R Nulsen, P Churazov, E David, L Giacintucci, S AF Baldi, A. Forman, W. Jones, C. Kraft, R. Nulsen, P. Churazov, E. David, L. Giacintucci, S. TI THE UNUSUAL X-RAY MORPHOLOGY OF NGC 4636 REVEALED BY DEEP CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS: CAVITIES AND SHOCKS CREATED BY PAST ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS OUTBURSTS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (NGC 4636); galaxies: ISM; galaxies: nuclei; X-rays: galaxies ID EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ELLIPTIC GALAXY; NGC-4636; CLUSTERS; FEEDBACK; ASCA; GAS; ABUNDANCE; ROSAT AB We present Chandra ACIS-I and ACIS-S observations (similar to 200 ks in total) of the X-ray luminous elliptical galaxy NGC 4636, located in the outskirts of the Virgo cluster. A soft band (0.5-2 keV) image shows the presence of a bright core in the center surrounded by an extended X-ray corona and two pronounced quasi-symmetric, 8 kpc long, arm-like features. Each of these features defines the rim of an ellipsoidal bubble. An additional bubble-like feature, whose northern rim is located similar to 2 kpc south of the northeastern arm, is detected as well. We present surface brightness and temperature profiles across the rims of the bubbles, showing that their edges are sharp and characterized by temperature jumps of about 20%-25%. Through a comparison of the observed profiles with theoretical shock models, we demonstrate that a scenario where the bubbles were produced by shocks, probably driven by energy deposited off-center by jets, is the most viable explanation to the X-ray morphology observed in the central part of NGC 4636. As a confirmation to this scenario, radio jets extending toward the bubbles and a central weak X-ray and radio source are detected and are most likely the signs of active galactic nuclei activity which was more intense in the past. A bright dense core of similar to 1 kpc radius is observed at the center of NGC 4636. A sharp decline in surface brightness from the core to the ambient gas is observed and is not accompanied by a variation in the temperature and thus could not be in thermal pressure equilibrium. However, the bright core could be a long-lived feature if the radio jets are acting as a balancing factor to thermal pressure or if the bright core is produced by steep abundance gradients. C1 [Baldi, A.; Forman, W.; Jones, C.; Kraft, R.; Nulsen, P.; David, L.; Giacintucci, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Churazov, E.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Baldi, A (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Churazov, Eugene/A-7783-2013; OI Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493; Forman, William/0000-0002-9478-1682 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1034 EP 1043 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1034 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400018 ER PT J AU Antoniou, V Hatzidimitriou, D Zezas, A Reig, P AF Antoniou, V. Hatzidimitriou, D. Zezas, A. Reig, P. TI OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF 20 Be/X-RAY BINARIES IN THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (Galaxy); Magellanic Clouds; stars: emission-line, Be; X-rays: binaries ID STAR-FORMATION CONDITIONS; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; EMISSION-LINE PROFILES; VLT-FLAMES; CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS; EQUIVALENT WIDTHS; SPECTRAL TYPES; B-STARS; SMC; METALLICITY AB We present a large sample (20 in total) of optical spectra of Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) High-Mass X-ray Binaries obtained with the 2dF spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope. All of these sources are found to be Be/X-ray binaries (Be-XRBs), while for five sources we present original classifications. Several statistical tests on this expanded sample support previous findings for similar spectral-type distributions of Be-XRBs and Be field stars in the SMC, and of Be-XRBs in the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way, although this could be the result of small samples. On the other hand, we find that Be-XRBs follow a different distribution than Be stars in the Galaxy, also in agreement with previous studies. In addition, we find similar Be spectral-type distributions between the Magellanic Clouds samples. These results reinforce the relation between the orbital period and the equivalent width of the Ha line that holds for Be-XRBs. SMC Be stars have larger Ha equivalent widths when compared to Be-XRBs, supporting the notion of circumstellar disk truncation by the compact object. C1 [Antoniou, V.; Hatzidimitriou, D.; Zezas, A.; Reig, P.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Antoniou, V.; Zezas, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zezas, A.; Reig, P.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, IESL, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Antoniou, V (reprint author), Univ Crete, Dept Phys, POB 2208, GR-71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece. EM vantoniou@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Reig, Pablo/A-1198-2014; Hatzidimitriou, Despina/A-3732-2015; Zezas, Andreas/C-7543-2011; Antoniou, Vallia/E-3837-2013 OI Reig, Pablo/0000-0002-6446-3050; Zezas, Andreas/0000-0001-8952-676X; Antoniou, Vallia/0000-0001-7539-1593 FU Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas; NASA LTSA [NAG5- 13056, GO2- 3117X, GO8- 9089C] FX We thank the referee, Virginia McSwain, for useful comments which have improved this paper. Wewould also like to thank Rob Sharp for performing the 2dF observations during service time and Nolan Walborn for fruitful discussions on the spectral classification. V. A. acknowledges support from Marie Curie grant No. 39965 to the Foundation for Research and TechnologyHellas, NASA LTSA grant NAG5- 13056, and NASA grants GO2- 3117X and GO8- 9089C. A. Z. acknowledges support by FP- 7 RERPOT grant 206469. This publicationmakes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/ California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. NR 64 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1080 EP 1097 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1080 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400022 ER PT J AU Luna, GJM Montez, R Sokoloski, JL Mukai, K Kastner, JH AF Luna, G. J. M. Montez, R. Sokoloski, J. L. Mukai, K. Kastner, J. H. TI CHANDRA DETECTION OF EXTENDED X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE RECURRENT NOVA RS OPHIUCHI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: symbiotic; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars: individual (RS Ophiuchi); X-rays: binaries ID GROUND-BASED SPECTROSCOPY; 2006 OUTBURST; INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS; BLAST WAVE; SPACE; SHELLS; REMNANT; JET AB Radio, infrared, and optical observations of the 2006 eruption of the symbiotic recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi showed that the explosion produced non-spherical ejecta. Some of this ejected material was in the form of bipolar jets to the east and west of the central source. Here we describe X-ray observations taken with the Chandra X-ray Observatory one and a half years after the beginning of the outburst that reveal narrow, extended structure with a position angle of approximately 300 degrees (east of north). Although the orientation of the extended feature in the X-ray image is consistent with the readout direction of the CCD detector, extensive testing suggests that the feature is not an artifact. Assuming it is not an instrumental effect, the extended X-ray structure shows hot plasma stretching more than 1900 AU from the central binary (taking a distance of 1.6 kpc). The X-ray emission is elongated in the northwest direction-in line with the extended infrared emission and some minor features in the published radio image. It is less consistent with the orientation of the radio jets and the main bipolar optical structure. Most of the photons in the extended X-ray structure have energies of less than 0.8 keV. If the extended X-ray feature was produced when the nova explosion occurred, then its 1 ''.2 length as of 2007 August implies that it expanded at an average rate of more than 2 mas day(-1), which corresponds to a flow speed of greater than 6000 km s(-1) (days/1.6 kpc) in the plane of the sky. This expansion rate is similar to the earliest measured expansion rates for the radio jets. C1 [Luna, G. J. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Montez, R.; Kastner, J. H.] Rochester Inst Technol, Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci 2100, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Sokoloski, J. L.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mukai, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukai, K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Xray Astrophys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Luna, GJM (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 15, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gluna@cfa.harvard.edu FU NASA [GO7-8030X, GO6-7022A, NAS8-03060] FX We thank L. Townsley, F. Bauer, E. Gotthelf, R. Edgars, and M. McCollough for discussions about the ACIS CCDs, T. Nelson for discussion about spectral results, and O. Chesneau for providing us a good quality version of Figure 4 (left panel). Support for this work was provided by NASA through Chandra awards GO7-8030X and GO6-7022A issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the SAO for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1168 EP 1172 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1168 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400029 ER PT J AU Juneau, S Narayanan, DT Moustakas, J Shirley, YL Bussmann, RS Kennicutt, RC Vanden Bout, PA AF Juneau, S. Narayanan, D. T. Moustakas, J. Shirley, Y. L. Bussmann, R. S. Kennicutt, R. C., Jr. Vanden Bout, P. A. TI ENHANCED DENSE GAS FRACTION IN ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: ISM; infrared: galaxies; radio lines: galaxies; submillimeter ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; FORMATION RATE INDICATORS; SCALE GASEOUS OUTFLOWS; II ESI SPECTRA; MOLECULAR GAS; STARBURST GALAXIES; IRAS GALAXIES AB We present a detailed analysis of the relation between infrared luminosity and molecular line luminosity, for a variety of molecular transitions, using a sample of 34 nearby galaxies spanning a broad range of infrared luminosities (10(10) L(circle dot) < L(IR) < 10(12.5) L circle dot()). We show that the power-law index of the relation is sensitive to the critical density of the molecular gas tracer used, and that the dominant driver in observed molecular line ratios in galaxies is the gas density. As most nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) exhibit strong signatures of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in their center, we revisit previous claims questioning the reliability of HCN as a probe of the dense gas responsible for star formation in the presence of AGNs. We find that the enhanced HCN(1-0)/CO(1-0) luminosity ratio observed in ULIRGs can be successfully reproduced using numerical models with fixed chemical abundances and without AGN-induced chemistry effects. We extend this analysis to a total of 10 molecular line ratios by combining the following transitions: CO(1-0), HCO(+)(1-0), HCO(+)(3-2), HCN(1-0), and HCN(3-2). Our results suggest that AGNs reside in systems with higher dense gas fraction, and that chemistry or other effects associated with their hard radiation field may not dominate (NGC 1068 is one exception). Galaxy merger could be the underlying cause of increased dense gas fraction, and the evolutionary stage of such mergers may be another determinant of the HCN/CO luminosity ratio. C1 [Juneau, S.; Shirley, Y. L.; Bussmann, R. S.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Narayanan, D. T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Moustakas, J.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Moustakas, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kennicutt, R. C., Jr.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Vanden Bout, P. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Juneau, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Dept Astron, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sjuneau@as.arizona.edu; dnarayanan@cfa.harvard.edu; jmoustakas@ucsd.edu; yshirley@as.arizona.edu; rsbussmann@as.arizona.edu; robk@ast.cam.ac.uk; pvandenb@nrao.edu FU FQRNT; NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED); Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 81 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1217 EP 1232 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1217 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400033 ER PT J AU Tullmann, R Long, KS Pannuti, TG Winkler, PF Plucinsky, PP Gaetz, TJ Williams, B Kuntz, KD Pietsch, W Blair, WP Haberl, F Smith, RK AF Tuellmann, Ralph Long, Knox S. Pannuti, Thomas G. Winkler, P. Frank Plucinsky, Paul P. Gaetz, Terrance J. Williams, Ben Kuntz, Kip D. Pietsch, Wolfgang Blair, William P. Haberl, Frank Smith, Randall K. TI CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF M33 (ChASeM33): THE ENIGMATIC X-RAY EMISSION FROM IC131 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (M33); H II regions; ISM: bubbles; X-rays: individual (IC131); X-rays: ISM ID RADIO-CONTINUUM SURVEY; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; XMM-NEWTON SURVEY; H-II REGIONS; STAR-FORMATION; NONTHERMAL EMISSION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; ENERGY-CRISIS; COSMIC-RAYS; GALAXY M33 AB We present the first X-ray analysis of the diffuse hot ionized gas and the point sources in IC131, after NGC604 the second most X-ray luminous giant H II region (GHR) in M33. The X-ray emission is detected only in the south eastern part of IC131 (named IC131-se) and is limited to an elliptical region of similar to 200 pc in extent. This region appears to be confined toward the west by a hemispherical shell of warm ionized gas and only fills about half that volume. Although the corresponding X-ray spectrum has 1215 counts, it cannot conclusively be told whether the extended X-ray emission is thermal, non-thermal, or a combination of both. A thermal plasma model of kT(e) = 4.3 keV or a single power law of Gamma similar or equal to 2.1 fit the spectrum equally well. If the spectrum is purely thermal (non-thermal), the total unabsorbed X-ray luminosity in the 0.35-8 keV energy band amounts to L-X = 6.8 (8.7) x 10(35) erg s(-1). Among other known H II regions IC131-se seems to be extreme regarding the combination of its large extent of the X-ray plasma, the lack of massive O stars, its unusually high electron temperature (if thermal), and the large fraction of L-X emitted above 2 keV (similar to 40%-53%). A thermal plasma of similar to 4 keV poses serious challenges to theoretical models, as it is not clear how high electron temperatures can be produced in H II regions in view of mass-proportional and collisionless heating. If the gas is non-thermal or has non-thermal contributions, synchrotron emission would clearly dominate over inverse Compton emission. It is not clear if the same mechanisms which create non-thermal X-rays or accelerate cosmic rays in supernova remnants can be applied to much larger scales of 200 pc. In both cases the existing theoretical models for GHRs and superbubbles do not explain the hardness and extent of the X-ray emission in IC131-se. We also detect a variable source candidate in IC131. It seems that this object (CXO J013315.10+304453.0) is a high mass X-ray binary whose optical counterpart is a B2-type star with a mass of similar to 9 M-circle dot. C1 [Tuellmann, Ralph; Plucinsky, Paul P.; Gaetz, Terrance J.; Smith, Randall K.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Long, Knox S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pannuti, Thomas G.] Morehead State Univ, Ctr Space Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Morehead, KY 40351 USA. [Winkler, P. Frank] Middlebury Coll, Dept Phys, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Williams, Ben] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kuntz, Kip D.; Blair, William P.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Kuntz, Kip D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pietsch, Wolfgang; Haberl, Frank] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Tullmann, R (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. OI Haberl, Frank/0000-0002-0107-5237 FU NASA [GO6-7073, G06-7073C, NAS8-03060] FX This work has made use of SAOImage DS9 (Joye & Mandel 2003), developed by the SAO, the FUNTOOLS utilities, and the HEASARCF TOOLS package. We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments which helped to improve the paper. R. T. acknowledges support under NASA Chandra award no. GO6-7073. A. P. F. W. acknowledges support through G06-7073C. T.J.G. and P. P. P. acknowledge support under NASA contract NAS8-03060. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1361 EP 1371 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1361 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400041 ER PT J AU Caputi, KI Lilly, SJ Aussel, H Le Floc'h, E Sanders, D Maier, C Frayer, D Carollo, CM Contini, T Kneib, JP Le Fevre, O Mainieri, V Renzini, A Scodeggio, M Scoville, N Zamorani, G Bardelli, S Bolzonella, M Bongiorno, A Coppa, G Cucciati, O de la Torre, S de Ravel, L Franzetti, P Garilli, B Ilbert, O Iovino, A Kampczyk, P Kartaltepe, J Knobel, C Kovac, K Lamareille, F Le Borgne, JF Le Brun, V Mignoli, M Peng, Y Perez-Montero, E Ricciardelli, E Salvato, M Silverman, J Surace, J Tanaka, M Tasca, L Tresse, L Vergani, D Zucca, E Abbas, U Bottini, D Capak, P Cappi, A Cassata, P Cimatti, A Elvis, M Hasinger, G Koekemoer, AM Leauthaud, A Maccagni, D Marinoni, C McCracken, H Memeo, P Meneux, B Oesch, P Pello, R Porciani, C Pozzetti, L Scaramella, R Scarlata, C Schiminovich, D Taniguchi, Y Zamojski, M AF Caputi, K. I. Lilly, S. J. Aussel, H. Le Floc'h, E. Sanders, D. Maier, C. Frayer, D. Carollo, C. M. Contini, T. Kneib, J. -P. Le Fevre, O. Mainieri, V. Renzini, A. Scodeggio, M. Scoville, N. Zamorani, G. Bardelli, S. Bolzonella, M. Bongiorno, A. Coppa, G. Cucciati, O. de la Torre, S. de Ravel, L. Franzetti, P. Garilli, B. Ilbert, O. Iovino, A. Kampczyk, P. Kartaltepe, J. Knobel, C. Kovac, K. Lamareille, F. Le Borgne, J. -F. Le Brun, V. Mignoli, M. Peng, Y. Perez-Montero, E. Ricciardelli, E. Salvato, M. Silverman, J. Surace, J. Tanaka, M. Tasca, L. Tresse, L. Vergani, D. Zucca, E. Abbas, U. Bottini, D. Capak, P. Cappi, A. Cassata, P. Cimatti, A. Elvis, M. Hasinger, G. Koekemoer, A. M. Leauthaud, A. Maccagni, D. Marinoni, C. McCracken, H. Memeo, P. Meneux, B. Oesch, P. Pello, R. Porciani, C. Pozzetti, L. Scaramella, R. Scarlata, C. Schiminovich, D. Taniguchi, Y. Zamojski, M. TI THE OPTICAL SPECTRA OF SPITZER 24 mu m GALAXIES IN THE COSMIC EVOLUTION SURVEY FIELD. II. FAINT INFRARED SOURCES IN THE zCOSMOS-BRIGHT 10k CATALOG SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: starburst; infrared: galaxies ID MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; SPACE-TELESCOPE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; STARBURST GALAXIES; REDSHIFT SURVEY; INTERSTELLAR EXTINCTION; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION AB We have used the zCOSMOS-bright 10k sample to identify 3244 Spitzer/MIPS 24 mu m-selected galaxies with 0.06 mJy < S-24 mu m less than or similar to 0.50 mJy and I-AB < 22.5, over 1.5 deg(2) of the COSMOS field, and studied different spectral properties, depending on redshift. At 0.2 < z < 0.3, we found that different reddening laws of common use in the literature explain the dust extinction properties of similar to 80% of our infrared (IR) sources, within the error bars. For up to 16% of objects, instead, the H alpha lambda 6563/H beta lambda 4861 ratios are too high for their IR/UV attenuations, which is probably a consequence of inhomogeneous dust distributions. In only a few of our galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.3, the IR emission could be mainly produced by dust heated by old rather than young stars. Besides, the line ratios of similar to 22% of our galaxies suggest that they might be star-formation/nuclear-activity composite systems. At 0.5 < z < 0.7, we estimated galaxy metallicities for 301 galaxies: at least 12% of them are securely below the upper-branch mass-metallicity trend, which is consistent with the local relation. Finally, we performed a combined analysis of the H-delta equivalent width versus D-n (4000) diagram for 1722 faint and bright 24 mu m galaxies at 0.6 < z < 1.0, spanning two decades in mid-IR luminosity. We found that, while secondary bursts of star formation are necessary to explain the position of the most luminous IR galaxies in that diagram, quiescent, exponentially declining star formation histories can well reproduce the spectral properties of similar to 40% of the less luminous sources. Our results suggest a transition in the possible modes of star formation at total IR luminosities L-TIR approximate to (3 +/- 2) x 10(11) L-circle dot. C1 [Caputi, K. I.; Lilly, S. J.; Maier, C.; Carollo, C. M.; Kampczyk, P.; Knobel, C.; Kovac, K.; Peng, Y.; Silverman, J.; Oesch, P.] ETH, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Aussel, H.; Le Floc'h, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA DSM CNRS, DAPNIA SAp, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sanders, D.; Kartaltepe, J.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI USA. [Frayer, D.; Surace, J.; Scarlata, C.; Zamojski, M.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Contini, T.; Lamareille, F.; Le Borgne, J. -F.; Pello, R.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, Toulouse, France. [Kneib, J. -P.; Le Fevre, O.; Cucciati, O.; de la Torre, S.; de Ravel, L.; Ilbert, O.; Le Brun, V.; Tasca, L.; Tresse, L.; Abbas, U.; Cassata, P.; Meneux, B.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Mainieri, V.; Perez-Montero, E.; Tanaka, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Renzini, A.; Ricciardelli, E.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Scodeggio, M.; Franzetti, P.; Garilli, B.; Bottini, D.; Maccagni, D.; Memeo, P.] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Zamorani, G.; Bardelli, S.; Bolzonella, M.; Coppa, G.; Mignoli, M.; Vergani, D.; Zucca, E.; Cappi, A.; Cimatti, A.; Pozzetti, L.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, Bologna, Italy. [Bongiorno, A.; Hasinger, G.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-37075 Garching, Germany. [Iovino, A.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Elvis, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koekemoer, A. M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA USA. [Marinoni, C.] Ctr Phys Theor, Marseille, France. [McCracken, H.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, F-75014 Paris, France. [Porciani, C.] Argelander Inst Astron, Bonn, Germany. [Scaramella, R.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. [Schiminovich, D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Taniguchi, Y.] Ehime Univ, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. RP Caputi, KI (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Royal Observ, SUPA Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM kic@roe.ac.uk RI Pello, Roser/G-4754-2010; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Cappi, Alberto/O-9391-2015; Zucca, Elena/O-9396-2015; Bolzonella, Micol/O-9495-2015; Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; OI Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Cappi, Alberto/0000-0002-9200-7167; Zucca, Elena/0000-0002-5845-8132; Bolzonella, Micol/0000-0003-3278-4607; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Iovino, Angela/0000-0001-6958-0304; Franzetti, Paolo/0000-0002-6986-0127; Vergani, Daniela/0000-0003-0898-2216; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; bottini, dario/0000-0001-6917-041X; Pozzetti, Lucia/0000-0001-7085-0412; Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Scaramella, Roberto/0000-0003-2229-193X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 FU European Southern Observatory (ESO) [175.A-0839]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; NASA [1407] FX This paper is based on observations made with the VIMOS spectrograph on the Melipal-VLT telescope, undertaken at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) under Large Program 175.A-0839. This paper is also based on observations made with the Spitzer Observatory, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. We thank the anonymous referee for a constructive report of this paper. NR 98 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1387 EP 1403 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1387 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400043 ER PT J AU Olmi, L Ade, PAR Angles-Alcazar, D Bock, JJ Chapin, EL De Luca, M Devlin, MJ Dicker, S Elia, D Fazio, GG Giannini, T Griffin, M Gundersen, JO Halpern, M Hargrave, PC Hughes, DH Klein, J Lorenzetti, D Marengo, M Marsden, G Martin, PG Massi, F Mauskopf, P Netterfield, CB Patanchon, G Rex, M Salama, A Scott, D Semisch, C Smith, HA Strafella, F Thomas, N Truch, MDP Tucker, C Tucker, GS Viero, MP Wiebe, DV AF Olmi, Luca Ade, Peter A. R. Angles-Alcazar, Daniel Bock, James J. Chapin, Edward L. De Luca, Massimo Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Elia, Davide Fazio, Giovanni G. Giannini, Teresa Griffin, Matthew Gundersen, Joshua O. Halpern, Mark Hargrave, Peter C. Hughes, David H. Klein, Jeff Lorenzetti, Dario Marengo, Massimo Marsden, Gaelen Martin, Peter G. Massi, Fabrizio Mauskopf, Philip Netterfield, Calvin B. Patanchon, Guillaume Rex, Marie Salama, Alberto Scott, Douglas Semisch, Christopher Smith, Howard A. Strafella, Francesco Thomas, Nicholas Truch, Matthew D. P. Tucker, Carole Tucker, Gregory S. Viero, Marco P. Wiebe, Donald V. TI THE BLAST SURVEY OF THE VELA MOLECULAR CLOUD: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DENSE CORES IN VELA-D SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE balloons; ISM: clouds; stars: formation; submillimeter ID APERTURE-SUBMILLIMETER-TELESCOPE; CLASS-I SOURCES; 2-DIMENSIONAL RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; ISOLATED STAR-FORMATION; PRE-STELLAR CORES; INITIAL CONDITIONS; PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES; GALACTIC PLANE; LINE EMISSION; MASS FUNCTION AB The Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) carried out a 250, 350, and 500 mu m survey of the galactic plane encompassing the Vela Molecular Ridge, with the primary goal of identifying the coldest dense cores possibly associated with the earliest stages of star formation. Here, we present the results from observations of the Vela-D region, covering about 4 deg(2), in which we find 141 BLAST cores. We exploit existing data taken with the Spitzer MIPS, IRAC, and SEST-SIMBA instruments to constrain their (single-temperature) spectral energy distributions, assuming a dust emissivity index beta = 2.0. This combination of data allows us to determine the temperature, luminosity, and mass of each BLAST core, and also enables us to separate starless from protostellar sources. We also analyze the effects that the uncertainties on the derived physical parameters of the individual sources have on the overall physical properties of starless and protostellar cores, and we find that there appear to be a smooth transition from the pre- to the protostellar phase. In particular, for protostellar cores we find a correlation between the MIPS24 flux, associated with the central protostar, and the temperature of the dust envelope. We also find that the core mass function of the Vela-D cores has a slope consistent with other similar (sub)millimeter surveys. C1 [Olmi, Luca; Angles-Alcazar, Daniel] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, UPR Stn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Olmi, Luca; Massi, Fabrizio] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Griffin, Matthew; Hargrave, Peter C.; Mauskopf, Philip; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Angles-Alcazar, Daniel] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Bock, James J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bock, James J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chapin, Edward L.; Halpern, Mark; Marsden, Gaelen; Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [De Luca, Massimo] Observ Paris, LERMA LRA, CNRS, UMR8112, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [De Luca, Massimo] Ecole Normale Super, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon; Klein, Jeff; Rex, Marie; Semisch, Christopher; Truch, Matthew D. P.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Elia, Davide] Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Ctr Astron & Astrofis, Observ Astron Lisboa, P-1349018 Lisbon, Portugal. [Fazio, Giovanni G.; Marengo, Massimo; Smith, Howard A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Giannini, Teresa; Lorenzetti, Dario] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Gundersen, Joshua O.; Thomas, Nicholas] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Martin, Peter G.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Martin, Peter G.; Netterfield, Calvin B.; Viero, Marco P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Netterfield, Calvin B.; Wiebe, Donald V.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Patanchon, Guillaume] Lab APC, F-75205 Paris, France. [Salama, Alberto] European Space Astron Ctr, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Strafella, Francesco] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Fis, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Tucker, Gregory S.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Olmi, L (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, UPR Stn, Rio Piedras Campus,Box 23343, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. EM olmi.luca@gmail.com RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; OI Lorenzetti, Dario/0000-0001-6415-4162; Massi, Fabrizio/0000-0001-6407-8032; Olmi, Luca/0000-0002-1162-7947; Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Elia, Davide/0000-0002-9120-5890; Giannini, Teresa/0000-0002-0224-096X FU NASA [NAG5-12785, NAG5-13301, NNGO-6GI11G]; NSF Office of Polar Programs; Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) FX We acknowledge the support of NASA through grant numbers NAG5-12785, NAG5-13301, and NNGO-6GI11G, the NSF Office of Polar Programs, the Canadian Space Agency, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). This work is also based, in part, on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. L.O. acknowledges partial support by the Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium and by the Decanato de Estudios Graduados e Investigacion of the University of Puerto Rico. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1836 EP 1851 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1836 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400081 ER PT J AU Munoz-Jaramillo, A Nandy, D Martens, PCH AF Munoz-Jaramillo, Andrez Nandy, Dibyendu Martens, Petrus C. H. TI HELIOSEISMIC DATA INCLUSION IN SOLAR DYNAMO MODELS (vol 698, pg 461, 2009) SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Correction C1 [Munoz-Jaramillo, Andrez] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Nandy, Dibyendu] Indian Inst Sci Educ & Res Kolkata, Kolkata 741252, W Bengal, India. [Martens, Petrus C. H.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Munoz-Jaramillo, A (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM munoz@solar.physics.montana.edu; dnandi@iiserkol.ac.in; pmartens@cfa.harvard.edu OI Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres/0000-0002-4716-0840 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP 1852 EP 1852 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1852 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RW UT WOS:000272465400082 ER PT J AU Smith, GP Ebeling, H Limousin, M Kneib, JP Swinbank, AM Ma, CJ Jauzac, M Richard, J Jullo, E Sand, DJ Edge, AC Smail, I AF Smith, Graham P. Ebeling, Harald Limousin, Marceau Kneib, Jean-Paul Swinbank, A. M. Ma, Cheng-Jiun Jauzac, Mathilde Richard, Johan Jullo, Eric Sand, David J. Edge, Alastair C. Smail, Ian TI HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF A SPECTACULAR NEW STRONG-LENSING GALAXY CLUSTER: MACS J1149.5+2223 AT z=0.544 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: individual (MACSJ1149.5+2233); galaxies: evolution; gravitational lensing ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXY; RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; LENSED QUASAR; DISCOVERY; BRIGHT; IMAGES; CORES; MASS; DISTRIBUTIONS AB We present Advanced Camera for Surveys observations of MACS J1149.5+2223, an X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z = 0.544 discovered by the Massive Cluster Survey. The data reveal at least seven multiply imaged galaxies, three of which we have confirmed spectroscopically. One of these is a spectacular face-on spiral galaxy at z = 1.491, the four images of which are gravitationally magnified by 8 less than or similar to mu less than or similar to 23. We identify this as an L* (M(B) similar or equal to -20.7), disk-dominated (B/T less than or similar to 0.5) galaxy, forming stars at similar to 6 M(circle dot) yr(-1). We use a robust sample of multiply imaged galaxies to constrain a parameterized model of the cluster mass distribution. In addition to the main cluster dark matter halo and the bright cluster galaxies, our best model includes three galaxy-group-sized halos. The relative probability of this model is P(N(halo) = 4)/P (N(halo) < 4) >= 10(12) where N(halo) is the number of cluster/group-scale halos. In terms of sheer number of merging cluster/group-scale components, this is the most complex strong-lensing cluster core studied to date. The total cluster mass and fraction of that mass associated with substructures within R <= 500 kpc, are measured to be M(tot) = (6.7 +/- 0.4) x 10(14) M(circle dot) and f(sub) = 0.25 +/- 0.12, respectively. Our model also rules out recent claims of a flat density profile at greater than or similar to 7 sigma confidence, thus highlighting the critical importance of spectroscopic redshifts of multiply imaged galaxies when modeling strong-lensing clusters. Overall our results attest to the efficiency of X-ray selection in finding the most powerful cluster lenses, including complicated merging systems. C1 [Smith, Graham P.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Ebeling, Harald; Ma, Cheng-Jiun] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Limousin, Marceau; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Jauzac, Mathilde] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille, France. [Limousin, Marceau] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Dark Cosmol Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Swinbank, A. M.; Richard, Johan; Edge, Alastair C.; Smail, Ian] Univ Durham, Inst Computat Cosmol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Jullo, Eric] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sand, David J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Smith, GP (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. EM gps@star.sr.bham.ac.uk RI Smail, Ian/M-5161-2013; Jauzac, Mathilde/B-1966-2015; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; OI Smail, Ian/0000-0003-3037-257X; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Edge, Alastair/0000-0002-3398-6916 FU Royal Society; STFC; RAS; STScI [GO-09722]; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Danish National Research Foundation; CNRS FX G. P. S. thanks Keren Sharon and Phil Marshall for assistance with the Keck/LRIS observations, Phil Marshall for many discussions on Bayesian inference, and Paul May and Chris Berry for helpful discussions. G. P. S. and I. R. S. acknowledge support from the Royal Society and STFC. A. M. S. acknowledges a RAS Fellowship. H. E., J. P. K., and G. P. S. acknowledge support from STScI under grant GO-09722. M. L. acknowledges the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and the Danish National Research Foundation for their support. J. P. K. acknowledges support from CNRS. NR 35 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 2 BP L163 EP L168 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/L163 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 528RZ UT WOS:000272465800012 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, RR Carvalho, LN Zuanon, J Del-Claro, K AF Rodrigues, Raoni Rosa Carvalho, Lucelia Nobre Zuanon, Jansen Del-Claro, Kleber TI Color changing and behavioral context in the Amazonian Dwarf Cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae (Perciformes) SO NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Intraspecific communication; Interspecific communication; Color changes; Parental care; Cichlidae ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SEXUAL DICHROMATISM; CICHLASOMA-MEEKI; BODY COLOR; TELEOSTEI; OPPONENTS; SELECTION; PATTERNS; PISCES; MORPHS AB Animal coloration has many functions, and fishes are noted among vertebrates for presenting a wide variety of color patterns. Although in marine fishes the relationship between body coloration and behavioral context is well documented, there's not much information about freshwater fishes. Here we describe color patterns displayed by the dwarf cichlid Apistogramma hippolytae and suggest that these patterns are dependent on different social and behavioral settings. Field observations were conducted underwater in a pond in Central Amazonia, Brazil. We recorded six body coloration patterns related to seven different kinds of behavioral activities: foraging, resting, reproductive and agonistic displays, aggression ( attacking and fleeing) and parental care. Changes in coloration occur rapidly and take only a few seconds. Females on parental care exhibited a unique pattern that are more persistent and probably manifests more slowly. In the shallow and clear waters of the natural environment of this dwarf cichlid, color communication seems to constitute an efficient way to display information about individual mood, social status and reproductive readiness, contributing to minimize loss of energy in unnecessary interactions. C1 [Rodrigues, Raoni Rosa; Del-Claro, Kleber] Univ Fed Uberlandia, LECI, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Carvalho, Lucelia Nobre] UFMT, ICNHS, BR-78550000 Sinop, MT, Brazil. [Carvalho, Lucelia Nobre; Zuanon, Jansen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, INPA, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. [Carvalho, Lucelia Nobre; Zuanon, Jansen] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, BDFFP, BR-69011970 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Rodrigues, RR (reprint author), Univ Fed Uberlandia, LECI, Caixa Postal 593, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. EM raonirosa@yahoo.com.br; carvalholh@yahoo.com.br; zuanon@inpa.gov.br; delclaro@ufu.br RI Del-Claro, Kleber/C-5570-2013; Nobre Carvalho, Lucelia/D-5986-2013; Rodrigues, Raoni/O-9810-2015 OI Del-Claro, Kleber/0000-0001-8886-9568; Nobre Carvalho, Lucelia/0000-0002-0673-0165; FU BDFFP; INPA; Programa de Educacao Tutorial (PET - SESu/MEC); CNPq; FAPEAM; "Fundacao O Boticario" FX We thank Rafael Arruda and Eduardo Bessa for the careful reading and for making important suggestions to the manuscript, and Fernando Mendonca and Uwe Romer for allowing the use of some images that illustrate this paper. We also thank the technicians of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), especially O.S. Pereira and Sr. Cardoso, for their help during fieldwork. BDFFP and INPA provided invaluable logistic and financial support. The Programa de Educacao Tutorial (PET - SESu/MEC) financed RRR graduate studies. CNPq provided research grants to JZ and KDC, and Fapemig to KDC. CNPq, FAPEAM and "Fundacao O Boticario" provided for financial support to Igarapes Project. This is contribution number 552 of BDFFP Technical Series and 19 of the Igarapes Project. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 25 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ICTIOLOGIA PI SAO PAULO PA UNIV SAO PAULO, DEPT FISIOLOGIA-IB, RUA DO MATAO, TRAVESSA 14 N 321, SAO PAULO, SP 05508-900, BRAZIL SN 1679-6225 J9 NEOTROP ICHTHYOL JI Neotrop. Ichthyol. PD DEC 18 PY 2009 VL 7 IS 4 BP 641 EP 646 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 543XM UT WOS:000273613900013 ER PT J AU Gingerich, O AF Gingerich, Owen TI COSMOS An illustrated history of astronomy and cosmology SO TLS-THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gingerich, Owen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gingerich, O (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TIMES SUPPLEMENTS LIMITED PI MARKET HARBOROUGH PA TOWER HOUSE, SOVEREIGN PARK, MARKET HARBOROUGH LE87 4JJ, ENGLAND SN 0307-661X J9 TLS-TIMES LIT SUPPL JI TLS-Times Lit. Suppl. PD DEC 18 PY 2009 IS 5568-9 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 535LJ UT WOS:000272969500051 ER PT J AU Charbonneau, D Berta, ZK Irwin, J Burke, CJ Nutzman, P Buchhave, LA Lovis, C Bonfils, X Latham, DW Udry, S Murray-Clay, RA Holman, MJ Falco, EE Winn, JN Queloz, D Pepe, F Mayor, M Delfosse, X Forveille, T AF Charbonneau, David Berta, Zachory K. Irwin, Jonathan Burke, Christopher J. Nutzman, Philip Buchhave, Lars A. Lovis, Christophe Bonfils, Xavier Latham, David W. Udry, Stephane Murray-Clay, Ruth A. Holman, Matthew J. Falco, Emilio E. Winn, Joshua N. Queloz, Didier Pepe, Francesco Mayor, Michel Delfosse, Xavier Forveille, Thierry TI A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID M-CIRCLE-PLUS; M-DWARFS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; PLANET; SEARCH; MODELS; SYSTEM; RADIUS; LIMIT; SUN AB A decade ago, the detection of the first(1,2) transiting extrasolar planet provided a direct constraint on its composition and opened the door to spectroscopic investigations of extrasolar planetary atmospheres(3). Because such characterization studies are feasible only for transiting systems that are both nearby and for which the planet-to-star radius ratio is relatively large, nearby small stars have been surveyed intensively. Doppler studies(4-6) and microlensing(7) have uncovered a population of planets with minimum masses of 1.9-10 times the Earth's mass (M(circle plus)), called super-Earths. The first constraint on the bulk composition of this novel class of planets was afforded by CoRoT-7b (refs 8, 9), but the distance and size of its star preclude atmospheric studies in the foreseeable future. Here we report observations of the transiting planet GJ 1214b, which has a mass of 6.55M(circle plus) and a radius 2.68 times Earth's radius (R(circle plus)), indicating that it is intermediate in stature between Earth and the ice giants of the Solar System. We find that the planetary mass and radius are consistent with a composition of primarily water enshrouded by a hydrogen-helium envelope that is only 0.05% of the mass of the planet. The atmosphere is probably escaping hydrodynamically, indicating that it has undergone significant evolution during its history. The star is small and only 13 parsecs away, so the planetary atmosphere is amenable to study with current observatories. C1 [Charbonneau, David; Berta, Zachory K.; Irwin, Jonathan; Burke, Christopher J.; Nutzman, Philip; Buchhave, Lars A.; Latham, David W.; Murray-Clay, Ruth A.; Holman, Matthew J.; Falco, Emilio E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Buchhave, Lars A.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Lovis, Christophe; Bonfils, Xavier; Udry, Stephane; Queloz, Didier; Pepe, Francesco; Mayor, Michel] Univ Geneva, Observ Geneva, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland. [Bonfils, Xavier; Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, UMR 5571, Lab Astrophys Grenoble LAOG, F-38041 Grenoble 09, France. [Winn, Joshua N.] MIT, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Charbonneau, D (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM dcharbonneau@cfa.harvard.edu OI Berta-Thompson, Zachory/0000-0002-3321-4924; Bonfils, Xavier/0000-0001-9003-8894; Buchhave, Lars A./0000-0003-1605-5666; Charbonneau, David/0000-0002-9003-484X FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering; US National Science Foundation [AST-0807690]; NASA [NCC2-1390, NNX09AB33G]; European Southern Observatory Director's Discretionary [283.C-5022] FX We thank M. Everett for gathering the FLWO 1.2-m observations, S. Seager for providing a digital version of the structural models, and D. Sasselov and S. Seager for comments on the manuscript. Support for this work was provided by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship for Science and Engineering awarded to D. C., and by the US National Science Foundation under grant number AST-0807690. L. A. B. and D. W. L. acknowledge support from the NASA Kepler mission under cooperative agreement NCC2-1390. M. J. H. acknowledges support by NASA Origins Grant NNX09AB33G. The HARPS observations were gathered under the European Southern Observatory Director's Discretionary Program 283.C-5022 ( A). We thank the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for supporting the MEarth Project at FLWO. NR 30 TC 413 Z9 416 U1 5 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 17 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7275 BP 891 EP 894 DI 10.1038/nature08679 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533AX UT WOS:000272795400036 PM 20016595 ER PT J AU Wernegreen, JJ Kauppinen, SN Brady, SG Ward, PS AF Wernegreen, Jennifer J. Kauppinen, Seth N. Brady, Sean G. Ward, Philip S. TI One nutritional symbiosis begat another: Phylogenetic evidence that the ant tribe Camponotini acquired Blochmannia by tending sap-feeding insects SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CANDIDATUS BLOCHMANNIA; CARPENTER ANTS; ENDOSYMBIONT BLOCHMANNIA; BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; GENOME SEQUENCE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HOST; FLORIDANUS; COSPECIATION; EVOLUTION AB Background: Bacterial endosymbiosis has a recurring significance in the evolution of insects. An estimated 10-20% of insect species depend on bacterial associates for their nutrition and reproductive viability. Members of the ant tribe Camponotini, the focus of this study, possess a stable, intracellular bacterial mutualist. The bacterium, Blochmannia, was first discovered in Camponotus and has since been documented in a distinct subgenus of Camponotus, Colobopsis, and in the related genus Polyrhachis. However, the distribution of Blochmannia throughout the Camponotini remains in question. Documenting the true host range of this bacterial mutualist is an important first step toward understanding the various ecological contexts in which it has evolved, and toward identifying its closest bacterial relatives. In this study, we performed a molecular screen, based on PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, to identify bacterial associates of diverse Camponotini species. Results: Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA gave four important insights: (i) Blochmannia occurs in a broad range of Camponotini genera including Calomyrmex, Echinopla, and Opisthopsis, and did not occur in outgroups related to this tribe (e.g., Notostigma). This suggests that the mutualism originated in the ancestor of the tribe Camponotini. (ii) The known bacteriocyte-associated symbionts of ants, in Formica, Plagiolepis, and the Camponotini, arose independently. (iii) Blochmannia is nestled within a diverse clade of endosymbionts of sap-feeding hemipteran insects, such as mealybugs, aphids, and psyllids. In our analyses, a group of secondary symbionts of mealybugs are the closest relatives of Blochmannia. (iv) Blochmannia has cospeciated with its known hosts, although deep divergences at the genus level remain uncertain. Conclusions: The Blochmannia mutualism occurs in Calomyrmex, Echinopla, and Opisthopsis, in addition to Camponotus, and probably originated in the ancestral lineage leading to the Camponotini. This significant expansion of its known host range implies that the mutualism is more ancient and ecologically diverse than previously documented. Blochmannia is most closely related to endosymbionts of sap-feeding hemipterans, which ants tend for their carbohydrate-rich honeydew. Based on phylogenetic results, we propose Camponotini might have originally acquired this bacterial mutualist through a nutritional symbiosis with other insects. C1 [Wernegreen, Jennifer J.; Kauppinen, Seth N.] Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Brady, Sean G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ward, Philip S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ward, Philip S.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kauppinen, Seth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wernegreen, JJ (reprint author), Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jwernegreen@mbl.edu; skauppinen@berkeley.edu; bradys@si.edu; psward@ucdavis.edu FU NSF [MCB-0604177, EF-0431330]; NIH [R01GM062626] FX We are grateful to Alan Andersen, Don Windsor, and Dinah Davidson for contributing insect specimens used for this study. We also thank Adam Lazarus for assisting with molecular lab work, Ulrich Mueller for access to his unpublished review of the metapleural gland, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Funding for this research was provided by grants from the NSF (MCB-0604177) and NIH (R01GM062626) to JJW, and from the NSF-supported Ant AToL project (EF-0431330) to PSW and SGB. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 29 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD DEC 16 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 292 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-292 PG 17 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 546VU UT WOS:000273842700002 PM 20015388 ER PT J AU Merrill, WL Hard, RJ Mabry, JB Fritz, GJ Adams, KR Roney, JR MacWilliams, AC AF Merrill, William L. Hard, Robert J. Mabry, Jonathan B. Fritz, Gayle J. Adams, Karen R. Roney, John R. MacWilliams, A. C. TI The diffusion of maize to the southwestern United States and its impact SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Review DE early agriculture; migration; US Southwest; Mesoamerica; Uto-Aztecan ID LATE QUATERNARY LACUSTRINE; LATE PLEISTOCENE-HOLOCENE; UTO-AZTECAN; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PALEOCLIMATIC SIGNIFICANCE; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; GREAT-BASIN; MEXICO AB Our understanding of the initial period of agriculture in the southwestern United States has been transformed by recent discoveries that establish the presence of maize there by 2100 cal. B. C. (calibrated calendrical years before the Christian era) and document the processes by which it was integrated into local foraging economies. Here we review archaeological, paleoecological, linguistic, and genetic data to evaluate the hypothesis that Proto-Uto-Aztecan (PUA) farmers migrating from a homeland in Mesoamerica introduced maize agriculture to the region. We conclude that this hypothesis is untenable and that the available data indicate instead a Great Basin homeland for the PUA, the breakup of this speech community into northern and southern divisions approximate to 6900 cal. B. C. and the dispersal of maize agriculture from Mesoamerica to the US Southwest via group-to-group diffusion across a Southern Uto-Aztecan linguistic continuum. C1 [Hard, Robert J.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Anthropol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Merrill, William L.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Mabry, Jonathan B.] City Tucson, Hist Preservat Off, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Fritz, Gayle J.] Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Adams, Karen R.] Crow Canyon Archaeol Ctr, Cortez, CO 81321 USA. [Roney, John R.] Colinas Cultural Resource Consulting, Albuquerque, NM 87107 USA. [MacWilliams, A. C.] Univ Calgary, Dept Archaeol, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Hard, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Anthropol, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM robert.hard@utsa.edu FU Mexico-North Research Network; University of Texas at San Antonio; Desert Archaeology, Inc; National Science Foundation [SBR-9708610, SBR-9809839, SBR-0219185, SBR-0220292]; National Geographic Society; National Endowment for the Humanities; Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History; Arizona Department of Transportation; City of Tucson FX We are grateful for the logistical support provided by the Mexico-North Research Network and the University of Texas at San Antonio and for the research conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc. We thank the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia for permission to conduct archaeological field research in Mexico. Funding for this research was provided by National Science Foundation Grants SBR-9708610, SBR-9809839, SBR-0219185, and SBR-0220292, the National Geographic Society, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, the University of Texas at San Antonio, the Arizona Department of Transportation, and the City of Tucson. NR 129 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 50 BP 21019 EP 21026 DI 10.1073/pnas.0906075106 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533AW UT WOS:000272795300005 PM 19995985 ER PT J AU Linares, OF AF Linares, Olga F. TI From past to future agricultural expertise in Africa: Jola women of Senegal expand market-gardening SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Jola women farmers in the Casamance region of southern Senegal use their "traditional'' knowledge and farming skills to shift crop repertoires and techniques so as to embark on market-gardening, thus innovating in response to new needs and perceived opportunities. The argument is relevant to present-day concerns about regional food systems and the role of women in securing an income and providing extra food for the family. C1 Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. RP Linares, OF (reprint author), Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Diplomat Post Off AA 34002-9998, Balboa, Panama. EM linareso@si.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 50 BP 21074 EP 21079 DI 10.1073/pnas.0910773106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533AW UT WOS:000272795300014 PM 19965372 ER PT J AU Muller, A Schippers, S Phaneuf, RA Scully, SWJ Aguilar, A Covington, AM Alvarez, I Cisneros, C Emmons, ED Gharaibeh, MF Hinojosa, G Schlachter, AS McLaughlin, BM AF Mueller, A. Schippers, S. Phaneuf, R. A. Scully, S. W. J. Aguilar, A. Covington, A. M. Alvarez, I. Cisneros, C. Emmons, E. D. Gharaibeh, M. F. Hinojosa, G. Schlachter, A. S. McLaughlin, B. M. TI K-shell photoionization of ground-state Li-like carbon ions [C3+]: experiment, theory and comparison with time-reversed photorecombination SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DOUBLY-EXCITED RESONANCES; LITHIUM-LIKE CARBON; R-MATRIX THEORY; CROSS-SECTIONS; ATOMIC IONS; DIELECTRONIC RECOMBINATION; ELECTRON-IMPACT; C2+ IONS; SPECTRA; IONIZATION AB Absolute cross sections for the K-shell photoionization of ground-state Li-like carbon [C3+(1s(2)2s(2)S)] ions were measured by employing the ion-photon merged-beams technique at the Advanced Light Source. The energy ranges 299.8-300.15 eV, 303.29-303.58 eV and 335.61-337.57 eV of the [1s(2s2p)P-3]P-2, [1s(2s2p)P-1]P-2 and [(1s2s)S-3 3p]P-2 resonances, respectively, were investigated using resolving powers of up to 6000. The autoionization linewidth of the [1s(2s2p)P-1]P-2 resonance was measured to be 27 +/- 5meV and compares favourably with a theoretical result of 26 meV obtained from the intermediate coupling R-matrix method. The present photoionization cross section results are compared with the outcome from photorecombination measurements by employing the principle of detailed balance. C1 [Scully, S. W. J.; McLaughlin, B. M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7, Antrim, North Ireland. [Phaneuf, R. A.; Scully, S. W. J.; Aguilar, A.; Covington, A. M.; Emmons, E. D.; Gharaibeh, M. F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Mueller, A.; Schippers, S.] Univ Giessen, Inst Atom & Mol Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Aguilar, A.; Schlachter, A. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alvarez, I.; Cisneros, C.; Hinojosa, G.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. [McLaughlin, B. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McLaughlin, BM (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, David Bates Bldg,7 Coll Pk, Belfast BT7, Antrim, North Ireland. EM b.mclaughlin@qub.ac.uk RI Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008 OI Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Mu 1068/10]; US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC03-76SF-00098, DE-FG02-03ER15424]; UNAM [PAPIIT IN108009]; NATO [976362]; US National Science Foundation FX We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under project no. Mu 1068/10, by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC03-76SF-00098 and grant DE-FG02-03ER15424, through PAPIIT IN108009 UNAM, and through NATO Collaborative Linkage grant 976362. We thank Sven Mannervik for providing the numerical data of the Stockholm C4+ recombination measurements. B M McLaughlin acknowledges support by the US National Science Foundation through a grant to ITAMP at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 53 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 23 AR 235602 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/23/235602 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 523MD UT WOS:000272077100026 ER PT J AU Carter, LM Campbell, BA Holt, JW Phillips, RJ Putzig, NE Mattei, S Seu, R Okubo, CH Egan, AF AF Carter, Lynn M. Campbell, Bruce A. Holt, John W. Phillips, Roger J. Putzig, Nathaniel E. Mattei, Stefania Seu, Roberto Okubo, Chris H. Egan, Anthony F. TI Dielectric properties of lava flows west of Ascraeus Mons, Mars SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEDUSAE FOSSAE FORMATION; SHALLOW RADAR; SHARAD AB The SHARAD instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter detects subsurface interfaces beneath lava flow fields northwest of Ascraeus Mons. The interfaces occur in two locations; a northern flow that originates south of Alba Patera, and a southern flow that originates at the rift zone between Ascraeus and Pavonis Montes. The northern flow has permittivity values, estimated from the time delay of echoes from the basal interface, between 6.2 and 17.3, with an average of 12.2. The southern flow has permittivity values of 7.0 to 14.0, with an average of 9.8. The average permittivity values for the northern and southern flows imply densities of 3.7 and 3.4 g cm(-3), respectively. Loss tangent values for both flows range from 0.01 to 0.03. The measured bulk permittivity and loss tangent values are consistent with those of terrestrial and lunar basalts, and represent the first measurement of these properties for dense rock on Mars. Citation: Carter, L. M., B. A. Campbell, J.W. Holt, R.J. Phillips, N.E. Putzig, S. Mattei, R. Seu, C. H. Okubo, and A. F. Egan (2009), Dielectric properties of lava flows west of Ascraeus Mons, Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23204, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041234. C1 [Carter, Lynn M.; Campbell, Bruce A.] Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Phillips, Roger J.; Putzig, Nathaniel E.; Egan, Anthony F.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Holt, John W.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Mattei, Stefania] Consortium Res Adv Remote Sensing Syst, I-80125 Naples, Italy. [Okubo, Chris H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Seu, Roberto] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFOCOM Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. RP Carter, LM (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM carterl@si.edu RI Holt, John/C-4896-2009; Carter, Lynn/D-2937-2012 FU NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Participating Scientist [NNH06ZDA001N] FX We thank the SHARAD Operations Center team, including Emanuele Giacomoni, Federica Russo, Marco Cutigni, Oreste Fuga, Riccardo Mecozzi, Armando Valle, Leonardo Travaglino, and Marco Mastrogiuseppe for their assistance with targeting, calibration, and data processing. The Shallow Subsurface Radar (SHARAD) was provided by the Italian Space Agency through a contract with Thales Alenia Space Italia, and it is operated by the INFOCOM Department, University of Rome "La Sapienza''. LMC was supported under NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Participating Scientist grant NNH06ZDA001N. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L23204 DI 10.1029/2009GL041234 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 532AB UT WOS:000272714100003 ER PT J AU Rigopoulou, D Mainieri, V Almaini, O Alonso-Herrero, A Huang, JS Hasinger, G Rieke, G Dunlop, J Lehmann, I AF Rigopoulou, D. Mainieri, V. Almaini, O. Alonso-Herrero, A. Huang, J. -S. Hasinger, G. Rieke, G. Dunlop, J. Lehmann, I. TI Spectral energy distributions of type 2 quasi-stellar objects: obscured star formation at high redshifts SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: nuclei; quasars: general; submillimetre ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DEEP FIELD-SOUTH; SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLES; ARRAY CAMERA IRAC; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; HOST GALAXIES; MIDINFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; FORMATION HISTORY AB We present new mid-infrared and submillimetre observations for a sample of eight high-redshift type 2 quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) located in the Chandra Deep Field-South. The sources are X-ray absorbed with luminosities in excess of 1044 erg s-1. Two of the targets have robust detections, S/N > 4, while further three targets are marginally detected with S/N >= 2.5. All sources are detected in multiple mid-infrared bands with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The multiwavelength spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the type 2 QSOs are compared to those of two local ultraluminous galaxies (Arp220 and IR22491) in order to assess contributions from a star-forming component in various parts of the SED. We suggest that their submm emission is possibly due to a starburst while a large fraction of the mid-infrared energy is likely to originate in the obscured central quasar. Using the mid-infrared and submm observations, we derive infrared luminosities which are found to be in excess of L > 1012 L(circle dot). The submm (850 mu m) to X-ray (2 keV) spectral indices (alpha(SX)) span a wide range. About half of the type 2 QSOs have values typical for a Compton-thick active galactic nuclei with only 1 per cent of the nuclear emission seen through scattering, and the remaining with values typical of submm-bright galaxies. Combining the available observational evidence, we outline a possible scenario for the early stages of evolution of these sources. C1 [Rigopoulou, D.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Mainieri, V.; Hasinger, G.; Lehmann, I.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys MPE, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Almaini, O.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Alonso-Herrero, A.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Huang, J. -S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Rieke, G.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dunlop, J.] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Mainieri, V.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Rigopoulou, D (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. EM d.rigopoulou1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Alonso-Herrero, Almudena/H-1426-2015 OI Alonso-Herrero, Almudena/0000-0001-6794-2519 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments on an earlier version of this work. We thank Ben Weiner for useful discussions on the draft. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Data base, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 400 IS 3 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15543.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527CR UT WOS:000272344700005 ER PT J AU Wright, NJ Barlow, MJ Greimel, R Drew, JE Matsuura, M Unruh, YC Zijlstra, AA AF Wright, N. J. Barlow, M. J. Greimel, R. Drew, J. E. Matsuura, M. Unruh, Y. C. Zijlstra, A. A. TI Near-IR spectra of IPHAS extremely red Galactic AGB stars SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE techniques: spectroscopic; atlases; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: carbon; stars: chemically peculiar; infrared: stars ID INFRARED CLASSIFICATION SPECTROSCOPY; FUNDAMENTAL MK STANDARDS; H-ALPHA SURVEY; ALL-SKY SURVEY; 2.5 MU-M; S-STARS; CARBON STARS; COOL STARS; ASTRONOMICAL-SATELLITE; RESOLUTION SPECTRA AB We present a library of 139 near-IR spectra of cool asymptotic giant branch stars that will be useful for comparison with theoretical model atmosphere calculations and for modelling the integrated emission from intermediate-age stellar populations. The source list was selected from the 'extremely red' region of the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) Photometric H alpha Survey (IPHAS) colour-colour plane that is overwhelmingly dominated by very late-type stars. The spectral library also includes a large fraction of S-type and carbon stars. We present a number of spectral classification sequences highlighting the various molecular features identified and discuss a number of rare features with uncertain identifications in the literature. With its focus on particularly cool photospheres, this catalogue serves as a companion to recent spectroscopic atlases of MK standards in the near-IR. Finally, the relationship between IPHAS (r' - i') and (r' - H alpha) colours and spectroscopically determined properties is discussed and a strong correlation between the (r' - H alpha) colour and the C/O abundance index for S-type and carbon stars is noted. This relation has the potential to separate O-rich, S-type and carbon stars in the Galaxy based on their photometry alone. C1 [Wright, N. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Greimel, R.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Drew, J. E.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Matsuura, M.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, UCL Inst Origins, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Matsuura, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, UCL Inst Origins, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Unruh, Y. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Zijlstra, A. A.] Univ Manchester, Sch Phys & Astron, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Wright, NJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM nwright@head.cfa.harvard.edu RI Barlow, Michael/A-5638-2009; OI Barlow, Michael/0000-0002-3875-1171; Unruh, Yvonne/0000-0001-8217-6998; Drew, Janet/0000-0003-1192-7082 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; PPARC Studentship; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Pre-Doctoral Fellowship FX This work is based in part on observations made with the INT and the WHT, operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group. Observations on the WHT were obtained through an International Time Programme, awarded to the IPHAS collaboration. It also partly makes use of data products from 2MASS, IRAS and MSX, which are jointly run by the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center and the California Institute of Technology, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of the SIMBAD data base, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and iraf, operated by the Association of Universities for the Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. NJW was supported by a PPARC Studentship and a Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Pre-Doctoral Fellowship. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 400 IS 3 BP 1413 EP 1426 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15536.x PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527CR UT WOS:000272344700020 ER PT J AU Kaplan, DL Esposito, P Chatterjee, S Possenti, A McLaughlin, MA Camilo, F Chakrabarty, D Slane, PO AF Kaplan, D. L. Esposito, P. Chatterjee, S. Possenti, A. McLaughlin, M. A. Camilo, F. Chakrabarty, D. Slane, P. O. TI Upper limits on X-ray emission from two rotating radio transients SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: neutron; pulsars: general; X-rays: stars ID ISOLATED NEUTRON-STARS; MAGNETIC-FIELD DECAY; PROPER MOTION; MILLISECOND PULSARS; PSR J1846-0258; SPIN-DOWN; CHANDRA; DISCOVERY; J1819-1458; EVOLUTION AB X-ray emission from the enigmatic rotating radio transients (RRATs) offers a vital clue to understanding these objects and how they relate to the greater neutron star population. An X-ray counterpart to RRAT J1819-1458 is known, and its properties are similar to those of other middle-aged (0.1 Myr) neutron stars. We have searched for X-ray emission with Chandra/Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer at the positions of two RRATs with arcsecond (or better) localization, J0847-4316 and J1846-0257. Despite deep searches (especially for RRAT J1846-0257) we did not detect any emission with 0.3-8 keV count-rate limits of 1 and 0.068 counts ks-1, respectively, at 3 Sigma confidence. Assuming thermal emission similar to that seen from RRAT J1819-1458 (a blackbody with radius approximate to 20 km), we derive effective temperature limits of 77 and 91 eV for the nominal values of the distances and column densities to both sources, although both of those quantities are highly uncertain and correlated. If we instead fix the temperature of the emission (a blackbody with kT = 0.14 keV), we derive unabsorbed luminosity limits in the 0.3-8 keV range of 1 x 1032 and 3 x 1032 erg s-1. These limits are considerably below the luminosity of RRAT J1819-1458 (4 x 1033 erg s-1), suggesting that RRATs J0847-4316 and J1846-0257 have cooled beyond the point of visibility (plausible given the differences in characteristic age). However, as we have not detected X-ray emission, it may also be that the emission from RRATs J0847-4316 and J1846-0257 has a different character from that of RRAT J1819-1458. The two non-detections may prove a counterpoint to RRAT J1819-1458, but more detections are certainly needed before we can begin to derive general X-ray emission properties for the RRAT populations. C1 [Kaplan, D. L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, KITP, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Esposito, P.] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Esposito, P.] INFN Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Chatterjee, S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Possenti, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy. [McLaughlin, M. A.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [McLaughlin, M. A.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Chakrabarty, D.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Slane, P. O.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chakrabarty, D.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Kaplan, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, KITP, Kohn Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM dkaplan@kitp.ucsb.edu OI Esposito, Paolo/0000-0003-4849-5092 FU NASA [01207.01-A, NAS 5-26555, NAS8-03060]; Chandra grant [GOO7-8064X] FX We thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments. DLK was supported by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant #01207.01-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. We acknowledge support through Chandra grant GOO7-8064X. POS acknowledges partial support from NASA Contract NAS8-03060. This research has made use of software provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) in the application package ciao. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 400 IS 3 BP 1445 EP 1450 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15541.x PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527CR UT WOS:000272344700024 ER PT J AU Munoz, JA Madau, P Loeb, A Diemand, J AF Munoz, Joseph A. Madau, Piero Loeb, Abraham Diemand, Juerg TI Probing the epoch of reionization with Milky Way satellites SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: dwarf; cosmology: theory; early Universe ID COSMIC STAR-FORMATION; ULTRA-FAINT DWARFS; DARK-MATTER HALOS; COMMON MASS SCALE; LOCAL GROUP; GALACTIC SATELLITES; FORMATION HISTORIES; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; RADIATIVE FEEDBACK; TUMULTUOUS LIVES AB While the connection between high-redshift star formation and the local Universe has recently been used to understand the observed population of faint dwarf galaxies in the Milky Way (MW) halo, we explore how well these nearby objects can probe the epoch of first light. We construct a detailed, physically motivated model for the MW satellites based on the state-of-the-art Via Lactea II dark-matter simulations. Our model incorporates molecular hydrogen (H(2)) cooling in low-mass systems and inhomogeneous photoheating feedback during the internal reionization of our own Galaxy. We find that the existence of MW satellites fainter than M(V) approximate to - 5 is strong evidence for H(2) cooling in low-mass haloes, while satellites with -5 > M(V) > -9 were affected by hydrogen cooling and photoheating feedback. The age of stars in very low-luminosity systems and the minimum luminosity of these satellites are key predictions of our model. Most of the stars populating the brightest MW satellites could have formed after the epoch of reionization. Our models also predict a significantly larger dispersion in M(300) values than observed and a number of luminous satellites with M(300) as low as 106 M(circle dot). C1 [Munoz, Joseph A.; Loeb, Abraham] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Madau, Piero; Diemand, Juerg] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Munoz, JA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St,MS 10, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM jamunoz@cfa.harvard.edu RI Diemand, Juerg/G-9448-2011; Munoz, Joseph/A-3336-2013 OI Munoz, Joseph/0000-0003-1588-1296 FU NASA [HST-HF-01194.01, NNX08AL43G, HST-AR-11268.01-A1, NNX08AV68G]; Harvard University FX We thank Mike Kuhlen, Louie Strigari, Raja Guhathakurta and Gerry Gilmore for useful discussions. JD acknowledges support from NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF-01194.01. This research was supported in part by NASA grants NNX08AL43G and LA (A.L.), HST-AR-11268.01-A1 and NNX08AV68G (P.M.), and by Harvard University funds. NR 58 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 400 IS 3 BP 1593 EP 1602 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15562.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 527CR UT WOS:000272344700038 ER PT J AU Edwards, GB Benjamin, SP AF Edwards, G. B. Benjamin, Suresh P. TI A first look at the phylogeny of the Myrmarachninae, with rediscovery and redescription of the type species of Myrmarachne (Araneae: Salticidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Myrmarachninae; new combination; new name; new synonym; phylogeny; species groups; Belippo; Bocus; Damoetas; Judalana; Ligonipes; Panachraesta; Rhombonotus ID JUMPING SPIDERS; ANT; MIMICRY; INFERENCE; REVISION; AMERICA; MRBAYES; MODELS AB Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839, type species of the genus Myrmarachne MacLeay, 1839, is rediscovered and redescribed, and a neotype is here designated. Five new synonyms of M. melanocephala are proposed: M. contracta (Karsch, 1880) [lectotype here designated], M. providens (Peckham & Peckham, 1892), M. ramosa Badcock, 1918, M. albicrurata Badcock, 1918, and M. lateralis Badcock, 1918. Myrmarachne melanocephala is shown to be a widespread species in southern Asia that mimics the ant Tetraponera rufonigra (Jerdon). Myrmarachne christae (Proszynski, 2001) and Myrmarachne galianoae (Proszynski, 2001) are transferred from Damoetas, new combinations. The latter results in a homonym with Myrmarachne galianoae Cutler, 1981: we rename the species Myrmarachne mariaelenae Edwards & Benjamin, replacement name. Further characterization of the species groups of Myrmarachne is presented, related genera are discussed, and a preliminary phylogeny of the Myrmarachninae is given. C1 [Edwards, G. B.] Florida State Collect Arthropods, FDACS Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Benjamin, Suresh P.] Inst Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. [Benjamin, Suresh P.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Natl Museum Nat Hist, MRC 105, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Edwards, GB (reprint author), Florida State Collect Arthropods, FDACS Div Plant Ind, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. EM edwardg@doacs.state.fl.us; suresh.benjamin@gmail.com FU Smithsonian Institution; Institute of Fundamental Studies FX We are grateful to the following curators and museums: Gonzalo Giribet and Laura Leibensperger, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Jason A. Dunlop, Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin; and Janet Beccaloni, British Natural History Museum for the loan of type specimens; Jonathan Coddington and Dana De Roche, U. S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.; Peter Schwendinger, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland; and Charles Griswold and Darrell Ubick, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, for providing us with additional material from Sri Lanka and India. Thanks also to Mr. A. H. Sumanasena (Department of Wild Life Conservation, Colombo) for providing a research permit to collect in Sri Lanka. SPB would like to express his gratitude to his brother Donald Benjamin and his students Ziyard Jaleel (Open University of Sri Lanka) and Sudath V. Nanayakkara for accompanying him during fieldwork in Sri Lanka. A Smithsonian Institution postdoctoral fellowship and the Institute of Fundamental Studies provided financial support for this project to SPB. Gita Bodner and Junxia Zhang co-observed various types of salticid mimicry with GBE in Costa Rica and Panama, respectively. Thanks also to Paul Selden and Norman Platnick for discussion on the type locality of M. melanocephala, to Marek Zabka for information about other Asian and Australian genera related to Myrmarachne, to Junxia Zhang who assisted with the phylogenetic analysis, and to Lloyd Davis who identified the ant. Thanks also to the following for searching for or other information about the type specimen of M. melanocephala: Beth Mantle and Barry Richardson, CSIRO; Graham Milledge and Helen Smith, Australian Museum; Elizabeth Jefferys, Macleay Museum. Jerzy Proszynski kindly contributed his versions of Wanless' species groups, suggested new groups, and provided Figure 7. The Willi Hennig Society is acknowledged for making TNT available free to users. We also appreciate Paul Skelley's thorough review, as well as those of Christoph Muster and two anonymous reviewers. This is FDACS, DPI, Bureau of Entomology, Nematology, and Plant Pathology, Entomology Section Contribution # 1141. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 11 PY 2009 IS 2309 BP 1 EP 29 PG 29 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 530VA UT WOS:000272619200001 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Axelsson, M Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Blandford, RD Bloom, ED Bonamente, E Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Cannon, A Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cavazzuti, E Cecchi, C Celik, O Charles, E Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Claus, R Cohen-Tanugi, J Colafrancesco, S Conrad, J Costamante, L Cutini, S Davis, DS Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Donato, D Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Edmonds, Y Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Fegan, SJ Finke, J Focke, WB Fortin, P Frailis, M Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Georganopoulos, M Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giommi, P Giordano, F Giroletti, M Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Horan, D Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Knodlseder, J Kocian, ML Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Madejski, GM Makeev, A Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Norris, JP Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pelassa, V Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Roth, M Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sambruna, R Sanchez, D Sander, A Parkinson, PMS Scargle, JD Sgro, C Shaw, MS Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Tanaka, T Taylor, GB Thayer, JB Thompson, DJ Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Vasileiou, V Vilchez, N Waite, AP Wang, P Winer, BL Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M Harris, DE Massaro, F Stawarz, L AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Axelsson, M. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Blandford, R. D. Bloom, E. D. Bonamente, E. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Cannon, A. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cavazzuti, E. Cecchi, C. Celik, Oe Charles, E. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Claus, R. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Colafrancesco, S. Conrad, J. Costamante, L. Cutini, S. Davis, D. S. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Donato, D. do Couto e Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Edmonds, Y. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Fegan, S. J. Finke, J. Focke, W. B. Fortin, P. Frailis, M. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Georganopoulos, M. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giommi, P. Giordano, F. Giroletti, M. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Horan, D. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Knoedlseder, J. Kocian, M. L. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Madejski, G. M. Makeev, A. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Norris, J. P. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pelassa, V. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Roth, M. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sambruna, R. Sanchez, D. Sander, A. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Scargle, J. D. Sgro, C. Shaw, M. S. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Tanaka, T. Taylor, G. B. Thayer, J. B. Thompson, D. J. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Vasileiou, V. Vilchez, N. Waite, A. P. Wang, P. Winer, B. L. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. Harris, D. E. Massaro, F. Stawarz, L. TI FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY DETECTION OF THE RADIO GALAXY M87 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: individual (M87); galaxies: jets; gamma rays: observations; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SYNCHROTRON-PROTON BLAZAR; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; TEV EMISSION; UNIFIED SCHEMES; LAC OBJECTS; SOURCE LIST; EGRET DATA; JET; VARIABILITY AB We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) discovery of high-energy (MeV/GeV) gamma-ray emission positionally consistent with the center of the radio galaxy M87, at a source significance of over 10 sigma in 10 months of all-sky survey data. Following the detections of Cen A and Per A, this makes M87 the third radio galaxy seen with the LAT. The faint point-like gamma-ray source has a >100 MeV flux of 2.45 (+/-0.63) x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1) (photon index = 2.26 +/- 0.13) with no significant variability detected within the LAT observation. This flux is comparable with the previous EGRET upper limit (<2.18 x 10-8 photons cm(-2) s(-1), 2 sigma), thus there is no evidence for a significant MeV/GeV flare on decade timescales. Contemporaneous Chandra and Very Long Baseline Array data indicate low activity in the unresolved X-ray and radio core relative to previous observations, suggesting M87 is in a quiescent overall level over the first year of Fermi-LAT observations. The LAT gamma-ray spectrum is modeled as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission from the electron population producing the radio-to-X-ray emission in the core. The resultant SSC spectrum extrapolates smoothly from the LAT band to the historical-minimum TeV emission. Alternative models for the core and possible contributions from the kiloparsec-scale jet in M87 are considered, and cannot be excluded. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Cheung, C. C.; Dermer, C. D.; Finke, J.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Makeev, A.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Blandford, R. D.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Claus, R.; Costamante, L.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto e Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Edmonds, Y.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Kocian, M. L.; Lande, J.; Madejski, G. M.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Monzani, M. E.; Moskalenko, I. V.; Murgia, S.; Nolan, P. L.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Shaw, M. S.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Waite, A. P.; Wang, P.] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Ritz, S.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Axelsson, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Astron, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Axelsson, M.; Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, Lab AIM,CEA IRFU,CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bonamente, E.; Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ & Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Bruel, P.; Fegan, S. J.; Fortin, P.; Giebels, B.; Horan, D.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Roth, M.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Celik, Oe; Moiseev, A. A.; Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cannon, A.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Caraveo, P. A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cavazzuti, E.; Colafrancesco, S.; Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.; Giommi, P.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Celik, Oe; Davis, D. S.; Georganopoulos, M.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Nuss, E.; Pelassa, V.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, Montpellier, France. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Collegato Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Ohsugi, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; Moiseev, A. A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Giroletti, M.] INAF Ist Radioastron, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Guiriec, S.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. [Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Norris, J. P.; Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ozaki, M.; Uchiyama, Y.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sander, A.; Smith, P. D.; Winer, B. L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scargle, J. D.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Div Space Sci, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Taylor, G. B.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. [Harris, D. E.; Massaro, F.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Div Space Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Teddy.Cheung.ctr@nrl.navy.mil; wmcconvi@umd.edu RI Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Massaro, Francesco/L-9102-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012 OI Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495; Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Axelsson, Magnus/0000-0003-4378-8785; Giroletti, Marcello/0000-0002-8657-8852; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Massaro, Francesco/0000-0002-1704-9850; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; FU NASA [GO8-9116X, GO9-0108X]; Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, n'ee Bildt FX C. C. C. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Post-doctoral Program at Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Support from NASA grants GO8-9116X and GO9-0108X (D. E. H. and F. M.) and the Foundation BLANCEFLOR Boncompagni-Ludovisi, n'ee Bildt (F. M.) are acknowledged. This research has made use of data from the MOJAVE database that is maintained by theMOJAVE team (Lister et al. 2009). We thank F. Owen for providing the VLA 90 cm image. NR 61 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/55 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900004 ER PT J AU Bayet, E Aladro, R Martin, S Viti, S Martin-Pintado, J AF Bayet, E. Aladro, R. Martin, S. Viti, S. Martin-Pintado, J. TI EXTRAGALACTIC CS SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: nuclei; ISM: individual (NGC 253, NGC 1068, IC 342, Henize 2-10, M 82, The Antennae, M 83); ISM: molecules; methods: data analysis; submillimeter ID STARBURST GALAXY NGC-253; STAR-FORMATION; MOLECULAR GAS; DENSE GAS; NEARBY GALAXIES; NUCLEAR STARBURST; SUBMILLIMETER-C; LINE SURVEY; EMISSION; M82 AB We present a coherent and homogeneous multi-line study of the CS molecule in nearby (D < 10 Mpc) galaxies. We include, from the literature, all the available observations from the J = 1-0 to the J = 7-6 transitions toward NGC 253, NGC 1068, IC 342, Henize 2-10, M 82, the Antennae Galaxies, and M 83. We have, for the first time, detected the CS(7-6) line in NGC 253, M 82 (both in the northeast and southwest molecular lobes), NGC 4038, M 83 and tentatively in NGC 1068, IC 342, and Henize 2-10. We use the CS molecule as a tracer of the densest gas component of the interstellar medium in extragalactic star-forming regions, following previous theoretical and observational studies by Bayet et al. In this first paper out of a series, we analyze the CS data sample under both local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE (large velocity gradient) approximations. We show that except for M 83 and Overlap (a shifted gas-rich position from the nucleus NGC 4039 in the Antennae Galaxies), the observations in NGC 253, IC 342, M 82-NE, M 82-SW, and NGC 4038 are not well reproduced by a single set of gas component properties and that, at least, two gas components are required. For each gas component, we provide estimates of the corresponding kinetic temperature, total CS column density, and gas density. C1 [Bayet, E.; Viti, S.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Aladro, R.] IRAM, E-18012 Granada, Spain. [Martin, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Martin-Pintado, J.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, Dept Astrofis Mol & Infrarroja, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Bayet, E (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM eb@star.ucl.ac.uk RI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/H-6107-2015 OI Martin-Pintado, Jesus/0000-0003-4561-3508 FU Leverhulme Trust; Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [AYA2008-06181-C02-02, ESP2007-65812-C02-01]; Comunidad de Madrid Government [S-0505/ESP-0237] FX E. B. acknowledges financial support from the Leverhulme Trust and M. Banerji for her participation to one of the observational sessions on the top of the Mauna Kea. The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is operated by The Joint Astronomy Centre on behalf of the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, and the National Research Council of Canada. Authors acknowledge the anonymous referee for his/her useful comments which significantly improved the paper. R. A. acknowledges financial support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under project AYA2008-06181-C02-02. This work has also been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under project ESP2007-65812-C02-01, and by the Comunidad de Madrid Government under PRICIT project S-0505/ESP-0237 (ASTROCAM). NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/126 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900012 ER PT J AU Bakos, GA Howard, AW Noyes, RW Hartman, J Torres, G Kovacs, G Fischer, DA Latham, DW Johnson, JA Marcy, GW Sasselov, DD Stefanik, RP Sipocz, B Kovacs, G Esquerdo, GA Pal, A Lazar, J Papp, I Sari, P AF Bakos, G. A. Howard, A. W. Noyes, R. W. Hartman, J. Torres, G. Kovacs, Geza Fischer, D. A. Latham, D. W. Johnson, J. A. Marcy, G. W. Sasselov, D. D. Stefanik, R. P. Sipocz, B. Kovacs, Gabor Esquerdo, G. A. Pal, A. Lazar, J. Papp, I. Sari, P. TI HAT-P-13b,c: A TRANSITING HOT JUPITER WITH A MASSIVE OUTER COMPANION ON AN ECCENTRIC ORBIT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planetary systems; stars: individual (HAT-P-13, GSC 3416-00543); techniques: photometric; techniques: spectroscopic ID LIGHT-CURVE PROJECT; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; MONTE-CARLO; K-DWARF; STELLAR; SYSTEMS; EVOLUTION; SEARCH; PERIOD; STAR AB We report on the discovery of a planetary system with a close-in transiting hot Jupiter on a near circular orbit and a massive outer planet on a highly eccentric orbit. The inner planet, HAT-P-13b, transits the bright V = 10.622 G4 dwarf star GSC 3416-00543 every P = 2.916260 +/- 0.000010 days, with transit epoch T(c) = 2454779.92979 +/- 0.00038 (BJD) and duration 0.1345 +/- 0.0017 days. The outer planet HAT-P-13c orbits the star every P(2) = 428.5 +/- 3.0 days with a nominal transit center (assuming zero impact parameter) of T(2c) = 2454870.4 +/- 1.8 (BJD) or time of periastron passage T(2,peri) = 2454890.05 +/- 0.48 (BJD). Transits of the outer planet have not been observed, and may not be present. The host star has a mass of 1.22(-0.10)(+0.05) M(circle dot), radius of 1.56 +/- 0.08 R(circle dot), effective temperature of 5653 +/- 90 K, and is rather metal-rich with [Fe/H] = +0.41 +/- 0.08. The inner planetary companion has a mass of 0.853(-0.046)(+0.029) M(J), and radius of 1.281 +/- 0.079 R(J), yielding a mean density of 0.498(-0.069)(+0.103) g cm(-3). The outer companion has m(2) sin i(2) = 15.2 +/- 1.0 M(J), and orbits on a highly eccentric orbit of e(2) = 0.691 +/- 0.018. While we have not detected significant transit timing variations of HAT-P-13b, due to gravitational and light-travel time effects, future observations will constrain the orbital inclination of HAT-P-13c, along with its mutual inclination to HAT-P-13b. The HAT-P-13 (b, c) double-planet system may prove extremely valuable for theoretical studies of the formation and dynamics of planetary systems. C1 [Bakos, G. A.; Noyes, R. W.; Hartman, J.; Torres, G.; Latham, D. W.; Sasselov, D. D.; Stefanik, R. P.; Sipocz, B.; Kovacs, Gabor; Esquerdo, G. A.; Pal, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Howard, A. W.; Marcy, G. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kovacs, Geza; Pal, A.] Konkoly Observ Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. [Fischer, D. A.] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Johnson, J. A.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Sipocz, B.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Astron, Budapest, Hungary. [Lazar, J.; Papp, I.; Sari, P.] Hungarian Astron Assoc, Budapest, Hungary. RP Bakos, GA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gbakos@cfa.harvard.edu RI Howard, Andrew/D-4148-2015; OI Howard, Andrew/0000-0001-8638-0320; Fischer, Debra/0000-0003-2221-0861 FU NASA [NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G, NCC2-1390, NNX09AF59G, N128Hr, N145Hr]; SAO IRD; NSF [AST-0702843, AST-0702821]; Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) [K-60750]; Keck telescope time granted through NOAO [A146Hr, A264Hr] FX HATNet operations have been funded by NASA grants NNG04GN74G, NNX08AF23G and SAO IR&D grants. Work of G. A. B. and J. A. J. were supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship of the NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Program (AST-0702843 and AST-0702821, respectively). We acknowledge partial support also from the Kepler Mission under NASA Cooperative Agreement NCC2-1390 (PI: D. W. L.). G. K. thanks the Hungarian Scientific Research Foundation (OTKA) for support through grant K-60750. G. T. acknowledges partial support from NASA Origins grant NNX09AF59G. This research has made use of Keck telescope time granted through NOAO (program A146Hr,A264Hr) and NASA (N128Hr,N145Hr). We are grateful to Josh Winn and Matthew Holman for their flexibility in swapping nights at the FLWO 1.2 m telescope. We thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments that improved this paper. NR 61 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 446 EP 456 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/446 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900034 ER PT J AU Ma, S Wills-Davey, MJ Lin, J Chen, PF Attrill, GDR Chen, H Zhao, S Li, Q Golub, L AF Ma, S. Wills-Davey, M. J. Lin, J. Chen, P. F. Attrill, G. D. R. Chen, H. Zhao, S. Li, Q. Golub, L. TI A NEW VIEW OF CORONAL WAVES FROM STEREO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun: activity; Sun: corona; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING TELESCOPE; EIT WAVES; MORETON WAVES; PROPAGATING DISTURBANCE; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; MASS EJECTION; SOLAR CORONA; MHD WAVES; MISSION; CMES AB On 2007 December 7, there was an eruption from AR 10977, which also hosted a sigmoid. An EUV Imaging Telescope (EIT) wave associated with this eruption was observed by EUVI on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO). Using EUVI images in the 171 angstrom and the 195 angstrom passbands from both STEREO A and B, we study the morphology and kinematics of this EIT wave. In the early stages, images of the EIT wave from the two STEREO spacecrafts differ markedly. We determine that the EUV fronts observed at the very beginning of the eruption likely include some intensity contribution from the associated coronal mass ejection (CME). Additionally, our velocity measurements suggest that the EIT wave front may propagate at nearly constant velocity. Both results offer constraints on current models and understanding of EIT waves. C1 [Ma, S.; Lin, J.; Zhao, S.; Li, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Astron Observ, Natl Astron Observ China, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Ma, S.; Wills-Davey, M. J.; Lin, J.; Attrill, G. D. R.; Golub, L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ma, S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Chen, P. F.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Astron, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Chen, H.] China Univ Petr, Dongying 257061, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Ma, S (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Yunnan Astron Observ, Natl Astron Observ China, Kunming 650011, Yunnan, Peoples R China. EM suli_ma@cfa.harvard.edu RI Chen, P. F./E-2292-2011; Ma, Suli/J-9141-2012; Ma, Suli/F-2232-2014; LIN, JUN/B-9890-2017 OI Chen, P. F./0000-0002-7289-642X; Ma, Suli/0000-0002-5431-6065; FU Program 973 [2006CB806303]; NSFC [10873030, 40636031]; CAS [KJCX2-YW-T04]; NASA [SP02H1701R, NNM07AB07C, NNX09AB11G, NNX07AL72G] FX We sincerely thank the anonymous referee for very helpful and constructive comments that improved this paper. The STEREO/SECCHI data are produced by an international consortium: NRL, LMSAL, NASA, GSFC (USA); RAL(UK); MPS (Germany); CSL (Belgium); and IOTA, IAS (France). Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, collaborating with NAOJ as a domestic partner, NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. Scientific operation of the Hinode mission is conducted by the Hinode science team organized at ISAS/JAXA. This team mainly consists of scientists from institutes in the partner countries. Support for the post-launch operation is provided by JAXA and NAOJ (Japan), STFC (UK), NASA, ESA, and NSC (Norway). SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. YNAO/Ha telescope is run by the Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science. This work was supported by Program 973 grant 2006CB806303, by NSFC grants 10873030 and 40636031, and by CAS grant KJCX2-YW-T04 to YNAO. S. M. was also supported by NASA grant SP02H1701R and NNM07AB07C. M. J. W. D. and G. D. R. A. gratefully acknowledge NASA grant NNX09AB11G. J. L. was supported by NASA grant NNX07AL72G when visiting CfA. NR 41 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/503 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900038 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Aliu, E Aune, T Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Boltuch, D Buckley, JH Bradbury, SM Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cannon, A Cesarini, A Ciupik, L Cogan, P Cui, W Dickherber, R Duke, C Falcone, A Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Hui, CM Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pichel, A Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Pian, E Vercellone, S Donnarumma, I D'Ammando, F Bulgarelli, A Chen, AW Giuliani, A Longo, F Pacciani, L Pucella, G Vittorini, V Tavani, M Argan, A Barbiellini, G Caraveo, P Cattaneo, PW Cocco, V Costa, E Del Monte, E De Paris, G Di Cocco, G Evangelista, Y Feroci, M Fiorini, M Froysland, T Frutti, M Fuschino, F Galli, M Gianotti, F Labanti, C Lapshov, I Lazzarotto, F Lipari, P Marisaldi, M Mastropietro, M Mereghetti, S Morelli, E Morselli, A Pellizzoni, A Perotti, F Piano, G Picozza, P Pilia, M Porrovecchio, G Prest, M Rapisarda, M Rappoldi, A Rubini, A Sabatini, S Soffitta, P Trifoglio, M Trois, A Vallazza, E Zambra, A Zanello, D Pittori, C Santolamazza, P Verrecchia, F Giommi, P Colafrancesco, S Salotti, L Villata, M Raiteri, CM Aller, HD Aller, MF Arkharov, AA Efimova, NV Larionov, VM Leto, P Ligustri, R Lindfors, E Pasanen, M Kurtanidze, OM Tetradze, SD Lahteenmaki, A Kotiranta, M Cucchiara, A Romano, P Nesci, R Pursimo, T Heidt, J Benitez, E Hiriart, D Nilsson, K Berdyugin, A Mujica, R Dultzin, D Lopez, JM Mommert, M Sorcia, M Perez, ID AF Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Aune, T. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Boltuch, D. Buckley, J. H. Bradbury, S. M. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Ciupik, L. Cogan, P. Cui, W. Dickherber, R. Duke, C. Falcone, A. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. H. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pichel, A. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Pian, E. Vercellone, S. Donnarumma, I. D'Ammando, F. Bulgarelli, A. Chen, A. W. Giuliani, A. Longo, F. Pacciani, L. Pucella, G. Vittorini, V. Tavani, M. Argan, A. Barbiellini, G. Caraveo, P. Cattaneo, P. W. Cocco, V. Costa, E. Del Monte, E. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, G. Evangelista, Y. Feroci, M. Fiorini, M. Froysland, T. Frutti, M. Fuschino, F. Galli, M. Gianotti, F. Labanti, C. Lapshov, I. Lazzarotto, F. Lipari, P. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, M. Mereghetti, S. Morelli, E. Morselli, A. Pellizzoni, A. Perotti, F. Piano, G. Picozza, P. Pilia, M. Porrovecchio, G. Prest, M. Rapisarda, M. Rappoldi, A. Rubini, A. Sabatini, S. Soffitta, P. Trifoglio, M. Trois, A. Vallazza, E. Zambra, A. Zanello, D. Pittori, C. Santolamazza, P. Verrecchia, F. Giommi, P. Colafrancesco, S. Salotti, L. Villata, M. Raiteri, C. M. Aller, H. D. Aller, M. F. Arkharov, A. A. Efimova, N. V. Larionov, V. M. Leto, P. Ligustri, R. Lindfors, E. Pasanen, M. Kurtanidze, O. M. Tetradze, S. D. Lahteenmaki, A. Kotiranta, M. Cucchiara, A. Romano, P. Nesci, R. Pursimo, T. Heidt, J. Benitez, E. Hiriart, D. Nilsson, K. Berdyugin, A. Mujica, R. Dultzin, D. Lopez, J. M. Mommert, M. Sorcia, M. de la Calle Perez, I. CA VERITAS Collaboration AGILE Team TI MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF A TeV-FLARE FROM W COMAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (W Com); gamma rays: observations ID BL-LACERTAE OBJECTS; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; AGILE SPACE MISSION; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; VERITAS OBSERVATIONS; LAC OBJECTS; SOURCE LIST; TELESCOPE; BLAZAR AB We report results from an intensive multiwavelength campaign on the intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object W Com (z = 0.102) during a strong outburst of very high energy gamma-ray emission in 2008 June. The very high energy gamma-ray signal was detected by VERITAS on 2008 June 7-8 with a flux F(>200 GeV) = (5.7 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1), about three times brighter than during the discovery of gamma-ray emission from W Com by VERITAS in 2008 March. The initial detection of this flare by VERITAS at energies above 200 GeV was followed by observations in high-energy gamma rays (AGILE; E-gamma >= 100 MeV), X-rays (Swift and XMM-Newton), and at UV, and ground-based optical and radio monitoring through the GASP-WEBT consortium and other observatories. Here we describe the multiwavelength data and derive the spectral energy distribution of the source from contemporaneous data taken throughout the flare. C1 [Acciari, V. A.; Benbow, W.; Galante, N.; Gibbs, K.; Perkins, J. S.; Roache, E.; Theiling, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Aliu, E.; Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Aliu, E.; Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Dickherber, R.; Krawczynski, H.; McArthur, S.; Thibadeau, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Rose, H. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Byrum, K.; Smith, A. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cannon, A.; Grube, J.; Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L.; Gyuk, G.; Karlsson, N.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; Maier, G.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Sembroski, G. H.; Varlotta, A.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Falcone, A.; Cucchiara, A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fortin, P.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hui, C. M.; Kieda, D.; LeBohec, S.; Vincent, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Humensky, T. B.; Wakely, S. P.; Weisgarber, T.; Wissel, S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kaaret, P.; Pandel, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Konopelko, A.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. [Krennrich, F.; Pohl, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Millis, J.] Anderson Univ, Dept Phys, Anderson, IN 46012 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pichel, A.] Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. [Pian, E.] Astron Observ Trieste, INAF, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Pian, E.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Vercellone, S.; Romano, P.] IASF Palermo, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Donnarumma, I.; D'Ammando, F.; Pacciani, L.; Vittorini, V.; Tavani, M.; Argan, A.; Cocco, V.; Costa, E.; Del Monte, E.; De Paris, G.; Evangelista, Y.; Feroci, M.; Froysland, T.; Frutti, M.; Lapshov, I.; Lazzarotto, F.; Piano, G.; Porrovecchio, G.; Rubini, A.; Soffitta, P.; Trois, A.] IASF Roma, INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [D'Ammando, F.; Tavani, M.; Piano, G.; Sabatini, S.] Univ Tor Vergata, Dip Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bulgarelli, A.; Di Cocco, G.; Fuschino, F.; Gianotti, F.; Labanti, C.; Marisaldi, M.; Morelli, E.; Perotti, F.; Trifoglio, M.] IASF Bologna, INAF, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Chen, A. W.; Giuliani, A.; Caraveo, P.; Fiorini, M.; Mereghetti, S.; Pilia, M.; Zambra, A.] IASF Milano, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chen, A. W.; Vittorini, V.] CIFS Torino, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Longo, F.; Barbiellini, G.; Vallazza, E.] Dip Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Longo, F.; Barbiellini, G.; Vallazza, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Pucella, G.; Rapisarda, M.] ENEA Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Cattaneo, P. W.; Rappoldi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Froysland, T.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Sabatini, S.] INFN Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Galli, M.] ENEA Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Lipari, P.; Zanello, D.] INFN Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Mastropietro, M.] CNR, IMIP, Rome, Italy. [Pellizzoni, A.; Pilia, M.] Astron Observ Cagliari, INAF, I-09012 Capoterra, Italy. [Pilia, M.; Prest, M.] Univ Insubria, Dip Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Pittori, C.; Santolamazza, P.; Verrecchia, F.; Giommi, P.; Colafrancesco, S.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Salotti, L.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Villata, M.; Raiteri, C. M.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy. [Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Efimova, N. V.; Larionov, V. M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Leto, P.] Osserv Astrofis Catania, INAF, Catania, Italy. [Ligustri, R.] Circolo Astrofili Talmassons, Talmassons, Italy. [Lindfors, E.; Pasanen, M.; Nilsson, K.; Berdyugin, A.] Univ Turku, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuorla Observ, FI-21500 Piikki, Finland. [Kurtanidze, O. M.; Tetradze, S. D.] Landessternwarte Heidelberg Konigstuhl, Heidelberg, Germany. [Lahteenmaki, A.; Kotiranta, M.] Aalto Univ, Metsahovi Radio Observ, FIN-02540 Kylmala, Finland. [Nesci, R.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Pursimo, T.] Nord Opt Telescope, E-38700 Santa Cruz De La Palma, Santa Cruz Tene, Spain. [Heidt, J.; Mommert, M.] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, ZAH, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Benitez, E.; Dultzin, D.; Sorcia, M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Hiriart, D.; Lopez, J. M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. [Mujica, R.] INAOEPP, Puebla 72840, Mexico. [de la Calle Perez, I.] ESAC, INSA, Madrid, Spain. RP Acciari, VA (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. EM gernot.maier@mcgill.ca; pian@oats.inaf.it RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Trifoglio, Massimo/F-5302-2015; Pittori, Carlotta/C-7710-2016; Lazzarotto, Francesco/J-4670-2012; Larionov, Valeri/H-1349-2013; Efimova, Natalia/I-2196-2013; Lahteenmaki, Anne/L-5987-2013; Kurtanidze, Omar/J-6237-2014 OI Verrecchia, Francesco/0000-0003-3455-5082; Marisaldi, Martino/0000-0002-4000-3789; Vercellone, Stefano/0000-0003-1163-1396; Raiteri, Claudia Maria/0000-0003-1784-2784; MEREGHETTI, SANDRO/0000-0003-3259-7801; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201; Tavani, Marco/0000-0003-2893-1459; Pian, Elena/0000-0001-8646-4858; Leto, Paolo/0000-0003-4864-2806; Lazzarotto, Francesco/0000-0003-4871-4072; Costa, Enrico/0000-0003-4925-8523; Fiorini, Mauro/0000-0001-8297-1983; Bulgarelli, Andrea/0000-0001-6347-0649; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Donnarumma, Immacolata/0000-0002-4700-4549; Pellizzoni, Alberto Paolo/0000-0002-4590-0040; Sabatini, Sabina/0000-0003-2076-5767; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; PREST, MICHELA/0000-0003-3161-4454; Del Monte, Ettore/0000-0002-3013-6334; trois, alessio/0000-0002-3180-6002; Labanti, Claudio/0000-0002-5086-3619; Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Soffitta, Paolo/0000-0002-7781-4104; Picozza, Piergiorgio/0000-0002-7986-3321; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Villata, Massimo/0000-0003-1743-6946; Fuschino, Fabio/0000-0003-2139-3299; Gianotti, Fulvio/0000-0003-4666-119X; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Trifoglio, Massimo/0000-0002-2505-3630; Pittori, Carlotta/0000-0001-6661-9779; galli, marcello/0000-0002-9135-3228; Cattaneo, Paolo Walter/0000-0001-6877-6882; Pacciani, Luigi/0000-0001-6897-5996; Larionov, Valeri/0000-0002-4640-4356; Efimova, Natalia/0000-0002-8071-4753; FU US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland; STFC in the UK; Italian Space Agency [ASI-INAF I/088/06/0]; NSF; University of Michigan; RFBR [09-02-00092]; NASA [NNX08AD67G]; Swift Guest Investigator Program [NNX08AU13G]; Academy of Finland FX This research is supported by grants from the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution, by NSERC in Canada, by Science Foundation Ireland, and by STFC in the UK. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the FLWO and the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. Financial support by the Italian Space Agency through contract ASI-INAF I/088/06/0 is acknowledged. Support of UMRAO from NSF and University of Michigan is acknowledged. N. V. E. and V. M. L. acknowledge support from RFBR grant 09-02-00092. The GASP-WEBT consortium is acknowledged. We acknowledge the efforts of the Swift team for providing the UVOT and XRT observations. This work was partially supported by NASA through XMM-Newton Guest Observer Program award No. NNX08AD67G and the Swift Guest Investigator Program award No. NNX08AU13G. The Metsahovi team acknowledges the support from the Academy of Finland. NR 48 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 612 EP 620 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/612 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900048 ER PT J AU Lacour, S Thiebaut, E Perrin, G Meimon, S Haubois, X Pedretti, E Ridgway, ST Monnier, JD Berger, JP Schuller, PA Woodruff, H Poncelet, A Le Coroller, H Millan-Gabet, R Lacasse, M Traub, W AF Lacour, S. Thiebaut, E. Perrin, G. Meimon, S. Haubois, X. Pedretti, E. Ridgway, S. T. Monnier, J. D. Berger, J. P. Schuller, P. A. Woodruff, H. Poncelet, A. Le Coroller, H. Millan-Gabet, R. Lacasse, M. Traub, W. TI THE PULSATION OF chi CYGNI IMAGED BY OPTICAL INTERFEROMETRY: A NOVEL TECHNIQUE TO DERIVE DISTANCE AND MASS OF MIRA STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared: stars; stars: AGB and post-AGB; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (chi Cyg); techniques: interferometric ID LONG-PERIOD VARIABLES; NEAR-INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH; STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY; GALACTIC CEPHEIDS; HIPPARCOS CATALOG; MODEL ATMOSPHERES; EVOLVED STARS; R LEONIS; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present infrared interferometric imaging of the S-type Mira star chi Cygni. The object was observed at four different epochs in 2005-2006 with the Infrared-Optical Telescope Array optical interferometer ( H band). Images show up to 40% variation in the stellar diameter, as well as significant changes in the limb darkening and stellar inhomogeneities. Model fitting gave precise time-dependent values of the stellar diameter, and reveals presence and displacement of a warm molecular layer. The star radius, corrected for limb darkening, has a mean value of 12.1 mas and shows a 5.1 mas amplitude pulsation. Minimum diameter was observed at phase 0.94 +/- 0.01. Maximum temperature was observed several days later at phase 1.02 +/- 0.02. We also show that combining the angular acceleration of the molecular layer with CO (Delta v = 3) radial velocity measurements yields a 5.9 +/- 1.5 mas parallax. The constant acceleration of the CO molecules-during 80% of the pulsation cycle-lead us to argument for a free-falling layer. The acceleration is compatible with a gravitational field produced by a 2.1(-0.7)(+1.5) solar mass star. This last value is in agreement with fundamental mode pulsator models. We foresee increased development of techniques consisting in combining radial velocity with interferometric angular measurements, ultimately allowing total mapping of the speed, density, and position of the diverse species in pulsation-driven atmospheres. C1 [Lacour, S.; Perrin, G.; Haubois, X.; Poncelet, A.] Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR 8109, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Thiebaut, E.] CNRS, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, UMR 5574, F-69561 St Genis Laval, France. [Meimon, S.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aeronaut, DOTA, F-92322 Chatillon, France. [Pedretti, E.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Ridgway, S. T.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, Tucson, AZ 85726 USA. [Monnier, J. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Berger, J. P.] CNRS, LAOG UMR 5571, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Berger, J. P.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Schuller, P. A.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, UMR 8617, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Woodruff, H.] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Le Coroller, H.] Observ Haute Provence, CNRS, OHP, F-04870 St Michel lObservatoire, France. [Millan-Gabet, R.] CALTECH, Michelson Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lacasse, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Traub, W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lacour, S (reprint author), Observ Paris, CNRS, LESIA, UMR 8109, F-92190 Meudon, France. RI Haubois, Xavier/I-7026-2012 FU NASA [NNH09AK731] FX We acknowledge with thanks the variable star observations from the AAVSO International Database contributed by observers worldwide and used in this research. S. T. R. acknowledges partial support from NASA grant NNH09AK731. NR 74 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 632 EP 643 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/632 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900050 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Galeazzi, M Koutroumpa, D Smith, R Lallement, R AF Gupta, A. Galeazzi, M. Koutroumpa, D. Smith, R. Lallement, R. TI PROPERTIES OF THE DIFFUSE X-RAY BACKGROUND TOWARD MBM20 WITH SUZAKU SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE X-rays: diffuse background ID LOCAL BUBBLE; EMISSION; SPECTRA; MODELS AB We used Suzaku observations of the molecular cloud MBM20 and a low neutral hydrogen column density region nearby to separate and characterize the foreground and background diffuse X-ray emission. A comparison with a previous observation of the same regions with XMM-Newton indicates a significant change in the foreground flux which is attributed to Solar Wind Charge eXchange (SWCX). The data have also been compared with previous results from similar "shadow" experiments and with a SWCX model to characterize its OVII and OVIII emission. C1 [Gupta, A.; Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Koutroumpa, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Smith, R.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lallement, R.] CNRS, Serv Aeron, FR-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM galeazzi@physiscs.miami.edu RI XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 644 EP 651 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/644 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900051 ER PT J AU Morales, JC Torres, G Marschall, LA Brehm, W AF Carlos Morales, Juan Torres, Guillermo Marschall, Laurence A. Brehm, William TI ABSOLUTE DIMENSIONS OF THE G7+K7 ECLIPSING BINARY STAR IM VIRGINIS: DISCREPANCIES WITH STELLAR EVOLUTION MODELS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; binaries: spectroscopic; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (IM Vir); stars: late-type ID LOW-MASS STARS; LOWER MAIN-SEQUENCE; LINED SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAMS; INFRARED FLUX METHOD; TYPES LATE F; M-DWARFS; LIGHT CURVES; EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURES; SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD AB We report extensive spectroscopic and differential photometric BVRI observations of the active, detached, 1.309-day double-lined eclipsing binary IM Vir, composed of a G7-type primary and a K7 secondary. With these observations, we derive accurate absolute masses and radii of M(1) = 0.981 +/- 0.012M(circle dot), M(2) = 0.6644 +/- 0.0048M(circle dot), R(1) = 1.061 +/- 0.016R(circle dot), and R(2) = 0.681 +/- 0.013R(circle dot) for the primary and secondary, with relative errors under 2%. The effective temperatures are 5570 +/- 100 K and 4250 +/- 130 K, respectively. The significant difference in mass makes this a favorable case for comparison with stellar evolution theory. We find that both stars are larger than the models predict, by 3.7% for the primary and 7.5% for the secondary, as well as cooler than expected, by 100 K and 150 K, respectively. These discrepancies are in line with previously reported differences in low-mass stars, and are believed to be caused by chromospheric activity, which is not accounted for in current models. The effect is not confined to low-mass stars: the rapidly rotating primary of IM Vir joins the growing list of objects of near-solar mass (but still with convective envelopes) that show similar anomalies. The comparison with the models suggests an age of 2.4 Gyr for the system, and a metallicity of [Fe/H]approximate to -0.3 that is consistent with other indications, but requires confirmation. C1 [Carlos Morales, Juan] IEEC, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marschall, Laurence A.; Brehm, William] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Phys, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. RP Morales, JC (reprint author), IEEC, Edif Nexus,C Gran Capita 2-4, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM morales@ieec.uab.es RI Morales, Juan Carlos/H-5548-2015 OI Morales, Juan Carlos/0000-0003-0061-518X FU Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [AYA2006-15623-C02-01, AYA2006-15623-C02-02]; NSF [AST-0708229]; Gettysburg College FX We are grateful to I. Ribas and C. Jordi for useful discussions on the implementation of the Wilson-Devinney code. We also thank F. Fekel for communicating his v sin i measurements of IM Vir, and the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions. The spectroscopic observations used in this work were obtained with the able help of P. Berlind, M. Calkins, J. Caruso, G. Esquerdo, R. Davis, E. Horine, D. Latham, R. Mathieu, D. Silva, J. Stauffer, R. Stefanik, S. Tokarz, and J. Zajac. We also thank R. Davis for maintaining the CfA echelle database. J. C. M. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion during the research stay at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, where most of this work was done, and from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia via grants AYA2006-15623-C02-01 and AYA2006-15623-C02-02. G. T. acknowledges partial support for this work from NSF grant AST-0708229. L. M. and W. B. were supported by Gettysburg College. Additional thanks go to David Kraft for preliminary data reductions, and to Peter Mack and Garry Hummer for technical support at the Gettysburg College Observatory. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database and the VizieR catalog access tool, both operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service, and of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the NSF. We also made use of data provided by the VSOP collaboration, through the VSOP wiki database operated at ESO Chile and ESO Garching. NR 69 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 671 EP 685 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/671 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900054 ER PT J AU Greenhill, LJ Kondratko, PT Moran, JM Tilak, A AF Greenhill, Lincoln J. Kondratko, Paul T. Moran, James M. Tilak, Avanti TI DISCOVERY OF CANDIDATE H2O DISK MASERS IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI AND ESTIMATIONS OF CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE galaxies: active; galaxies: Seyfert; ISM: molecules; masers ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; SKY REDSHIFT SURVEY; EXTRAGALACTIC WATER MASERS; TULLY-FISHER RELATION; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; ACCRETION DISK; GEOMETRIC DISTANCE; CIRCINUS GALAXY; BRIGHT GALAXIES; DARK ENERGY AB Based on spectroscopic signatures, about one-third of known H2O maser sources in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are believed to arise in highly inclined accretion disks around central engines. These "disk maser candidates" are of interest primarily because angular structure and rotation curves can be resolved with interferometers, enabling dynamical study. We identify five new disk maser candidates in studies with the Green Bank Telescope, bringing the total number published to 30. We discovered two (NGC 1320, NGC 17) in a survey of 40 inclined active galaxies (nu(sys) < 20,000 km s(-1)). The remaining three disk maser candidates were identified in monitoring of known sources: NGC 449, NGC 2979, and NGC 3735. We also confirm a previously marginal case in UGC 4203. For the disk maser candidates reported here, inferred rotation speeds are 130-500 km s(-1). Monitoring of three more rapidly rotating candidate disks (CG 211, NGC 6264, VV 340A) has enabled measurement of likely orbital centripetal acceleration, and estimation of central masses ((2-7) x 10(7)M(circle dot)) and mean disk radii (0.2-0.4 pc). Accelerations may ultimately permit estimation of distances when combined with interferometer data. This is notable because the three AGNs are relatively distant (10,000 km s(-1) < nu(sys) < 15,000 km s(-1)), and fractional error in a derived Hubble constant, due to peculiar motion of the galaxies, would be small. As signposts of highly inclined geometries at galactocentric radii of similar to 0.1-1 pc, disk masers also provide robust orientation references that allow analysis of (mis) alignment between AGNs and surrounding galactic stellar disks, even without extensive interferometric mapping. We find no preference among published disk maser candidates to lie in high-inclination galaxies. This provides independent support for conclusions that in late-type galaxies, central engine accretion disks and galactic plane orientations are not correlated. C1 [Greenhill, Lincoln J.; Kondratko, Paul T.; Moran, James M.; Tilak, Avanti] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Greenhill, LJ (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM greenhill@cfa.harvard.edu FU GBT student support program [GSSP004-0005, GSSP004-0011]; NASA [NNG05GK24G]; NRAO observing programs [GBT04C031, GBT05A-015, GBT06A-056, AK629] FX The graduate dissertation by P. K. contributed to this work. We thank M. Elvis, E. Humphreys, and R. Narayan for helpful discussions. This work benefitted from expert analysis of peculiar velocities and model flow fields offered by K. Masters. We thank M. Reid for discussions and the code used to fit the velocity drifts of maser features. We appreciate support and assistance with GBT observing by J. Braatz, as well as overall encouragement. We thank C. Bignell for telescope scheduling that enabled the dissertation work, R. Maddalena for in-depth discussion of calibration, and C. Barrett for her close reading and editorial contributions. This research has made extensive use of the NED, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). This work was supported by GBT student support program, grants GSSP004-0005 and GSSP004-0011, and in part by grant NNG05GK24G from NASA. The results presented here were obtained through NRAO observing programs GBT04C031, GBT05A-015, GBT06A-056 (PI: Kondratko), and AK629 at the VLA. NR 116 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP 787 EP 799 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/787 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 524SJ UT WOS:000272162900065 ER PT J AU Huang, X Morokuma, T Fakhouri, HK Aldering, G Amanullah, R Barbary, K Brodwin, M Connolly, NV Dawson, KS Doi, M Faccioli, L Fadeyev, V Fruchter, AS Goldhaber, G Gladders, MD Hennawi, JF Ihara, Y Jee, MJ Kowalski, M Konishi, K Lidman, C Meyers, J Moustakas, LA Perlmutter, S Rubin, D Schlegel, DJ Spadafora, AL Suzuki, N Takanashi, N Yasuda, N AF Huang, X. Morokuma, T. Fakhouri, H. K. Aldering, G. Amanullah, R. Barbary, K. Brodwin, M. Connolly, N. V. Dawson, K. S. Doi, M. Faccioli, L. Fadeyev, V. Fruchter, A. S. Goldhaber, G. Gladders, M. D. Hennawi, J. F. Ihara, Y. Jee, M. J. Kowalski, M. Konishi, K. Lidman, C. Meyers, J. Moustakas, L. A. Perlmutter, S. Rubin, D. Schlegel, D. J. Spadafora, A. L. Suzuki, N. Takanashi, N. Yasuda, N. TI HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE DISCOVERY OF A z=3.9 MULTIPLY IMAGED GALAXY BEHIND THE COMPLEX CLUSTER LENS WARPS J1415.1+36 AT z=1.026 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: individual (WARPS J1415.1+36); gravitational lensing ID X-RAY; SCALING RELATIONS; DARK-ENERGY; EVOLUTION; CAMERA; SAMPLE; ARCS AB We report the discovery of a multiply lensed Ly alpha emitter at z = 3.90 behind the massive cluster WARPS J1415.1+3612 at z = 1.026. Images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope using the Advanced Camera for Surveys reveal a complex lensing system that produces a prominent, highly magnified arc and a triplet of smaller arcs grouped tightly around a spectroscopically confirmed cluster member. Spectroscopic observations using the Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph on Subaru confirm strong Lya emission in the source galaxy and provide the redshifts for more than 21 cluster members with a velocity dispersion of 807 +/- 185 km s(-1). Assuming a singular isothermal sphere profile, the mass within the Einstein ring (7.13 +/- 0.'' 38) corresponds to a central velocity dispersion of 686(-19)(+15) km s(-1) for the cluster, consistent with the value estimated from cluster member redshifts. Our mass profile estimate from combining strong lensing and dynamical analyses is in good agreement with both X-ray and weak lensing results. C1 [Huang, X.; Fakhouri, H. K.; Barbary, K.; Goldhaber, G.; Hennawi, J. F.; Meyers, J.; Perlmutter, S.; Rubin, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Morokuma, T.; Takanashi, N.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Fakhouri, H. K.; Aldering, G.; Barbary, K.; Faccioli, L.; Goldhaber, G.; Meyers, J.; Perlmutter, S.; Rubin, D.; Schlegel, D. J.; Spadafora, A. L.; Suzuki, N.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amanullah, R.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Brodwin, M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Connolly, N. V.] Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. [Dawson, K. S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Doi, M.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Inst Astron, Tokyo 1810015, Japan. [Fadeyev, V.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Fruchter, A. S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gladders, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Jee, M. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kowalski, M.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Konishi, K.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Chiba 2778582, Japan. [Lidman, C.] Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Moustakas, L. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Huang, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xhuang@lbl.gov RI Yasuda, Naoki/A-4355-2011; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Moustakas, Leonidas/0000-0003-3030-2360 NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP L12 EP L16 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/L12 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525MV UT WOS:000272221100003 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, CC Gitti, M Cavagnolo, KW McNamara, BR David, LP Nulsen, PEJ Wise, MW AF Kirkpatrick, C. C. Gitti, M. Cavagnolo, K. W. McNamara, B. R. David, L. P. Nulsen, P. E. J. Wise, M. W. TI DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR OUTFLOW OF METAL-ENRICHED GAS ALONG THE RADIO JETS OF HYDRA A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: active; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID COOLING-CORE CLUSTERS; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; ABUNDANCE PROFILES; A CLUSTER; METALLICITY GRADIENTS; VORONOI TESSELLATIONS; CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT; CENTRAL GALAXY; XMM-NEWTON; CHANDRA AB Using deep Chandra observations of the Hydra A galaxy cluster, we examine the metallicity structure near the central galaxy and along its powerful radio source. We show that the metallicity of the intracluster medium is enhanced by up to 0.2 dex along the radio jets and lobes compared to the metallicity of the undisturbed gas. The enhancements extend from a radius of 20 kpc from the central galaxy to a distance of similar to 120 kpc. We estimate the total iron mass that has been transported out of the central galaxy to be between 2 x 10(7) M-circle dot and 7 x 10(7) M-circle dot, which represents 10%-30% of the iron mass within the central galaxy. The energy required to lift this gas is roughly 1% to 5% of the total energetic output of the active galactic nuclei. Evidently, Hydra A's powerful radio source is able to redistribute metal-enriched, low entropy gas throughout the core of the galaxy cluster. The short re-enrichment timescale < 10(9) yr implies that the metals lost from the central galaxy will be quickly replenished. C1 [Kirkpatrick, C. C.; Cavagnolo, K. W.; McNamara, B. R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Gitti, M.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Gitti, M.] Univ Bologna, Dept Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Gitti, M.; McNamara, B. R.; David, L. P.; Nulsen, P. E. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNamara, B. R.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Wise, M. W.] Netherlands Inst Radio Astron, ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands. [Wise, M. W.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Kirkpatrick, CC (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 Univ Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. OI Gitti, Myriam/0000-0002-0843-3009; Nulsen, Paul/0000-0003-0297-4493 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Chandra [G07-8122X]; ASI-INAF [I/088/06/0] FX This work was supported by generous grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Chandra grant G07-8122X. M. Gitti acknowledges support by grant ASI-INAF I/088/06/0. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 707 IS 1 BP L69 EP L72 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/707/1/L69 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 525MV UT WOS:000272221100015 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Aliu, E Arlen, T Aune, T Bautista, M Beilicke, M Benbow, W Boltuch, D Bradbury, SM Buckley, JH Bugaev, V Byrum, K Cannon, A Celik, O Cesarini, A Chow, YC Ciupik, L Cogan, P Colin, P Cui, W Dickherber, R Duke, C Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Finnegan, G Fortin, P Fortson, L Furniss, A Galante, N Gall, D Gibbs, K Gillanders, GH Godambe, S Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Holder, J Horan, D Hui, CM Humensky, TB Imran, A Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kertzman, M Kieda, D Kildea, J Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G McArthur, S McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nagai, T Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Pizlo, F Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Swordy, SP Theiling, M Thibadeau, S Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Vincent, S Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A Weisgarber, T Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Zitzer, B AF Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Aune, T. Bautista, M. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boltuch, D. Bradbury, S. M. Buckley, J. H. Bugaev, V. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Celik, O. Cesarini, A. Chow, Y. C. Ciupik, L. Cogan, P. Colin, P. Cui, W. Dickherber, R. Duke, C. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Finnegan, G. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Galante, N. Gall, D. Gibbs, K. Gillanders, G. H. Godambe, S. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Imran, A. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Kildea, J. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McArthur, S. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Pizlo, F. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. J. Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Swordy, S. P. Theiling, M. Thibadeau, S. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Vincent, S. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. Weisgarber, T. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. CA VERITAS Collaboration TI A connection between star formation activity and cosmic rays in the starburst galaxy M82 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID RADIO; EMISSION; CLUSTERS; MODEL AB Although Galactic cosmic rays (protons and nuclei) are widely believed to be mainly accelerated by the winds and supernovae of massive stars, definitive evidence of this origin remains elusive nearly a century after their discovery(1). The active regions of star-burst galaxies have exceptionally high rates of star formation, and their large size-more than 50 times the diameter of similar Galactic regions-uniquely enables reliable calorimetric measurements of their potentially high cosmic-ray density(2). The cosmic rays produced in the formation, life and death of massive stars in these regions are expected to produce diffuse gamma-ray emission through interactions with interstellar gas and radiation. M82, the prototype small starburst galaxy, is predicted(3,4) to be the brightest starburst galaxy in terms of gamma-ray emission. Here we report the detection of >700-GeV gamma-rays from M82. From these data we determine a cosmic-ray density of 250 eV cm(-3) in the starburst core, which is about 500 times the average Galactic density. This links cosmic-ray acceleration to star formation activity, and suggests that supernovae and massive-star winds are the dominant accelerators. C1 [Acciari, V. A.; Benbow, W.; Galante, N.; Gibbs, K.; Kildea, J.; Perkins, J. S.; Roache, E.; Theiling, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Acciari, V. A.; Aliu, E.; Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Acciari, V. A.; Aliu, E.; Boltuch, D.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Acciari, V. A.; Arlen, T.; Celik, O.; Chow, Y. C.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aune, T.; Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Bautista, M.; Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; Maier, G.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Beilicke, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Bugaev, V.; Dickherber, R.; Krawczynski, H.; McArthur, S.; Thibadeau, S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Rose, H. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Byrum, K.; Smith, A. W.; Wagner, R. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cannon, A.; Grube, J.; Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L.; Gyuk, G.; Karlsson, N.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Colin, P.; Finnegan, G.; Godambe, S.; Hui, C. M.; Kieda, D.; LeBohec, S.; Vincent, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Pizlo, F.; Sembroski, G. H.; Varlotta, A.; Zitzer, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Duke, C.] Grinnell Coll, Dept Phys, Grinnell, IA 50112 USA. [Fortin, P.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S. P.; Weisgarber, T.; Wissel, S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Imran, A.; Krennrich, F.; Nagai, T.; Pohl, M.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kaaret, P.; Pandel, D.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Kertzman, M.] Depauw Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. [Konopelko, A.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. [Millis, J.] Anderson Univ, Dept Phys, Anderson, IN 46012 USA. [Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. RP Benbow, W (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. EM wbenbow@cfa.harvard.edu OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794; Otte, Adam Nepomuk/0000-0002-5955-6383; Pandel, Dirk/0000-0003-2085-5586; Lang, Mark/0000-0003-4641-4201 FU US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Science Foundation Ireland; UK Science and Technology Facilities Council FX This research is supported by grants from the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation and the Smithsonian Institution, and by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Science Foundation Ireland and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and the institutions that collaborated in the construction and operation of the VERITAS array. NR 29 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7274 BP 770 EP 772 DI 10.1038/nature08557 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529ZZ UT WOS:000272559900034 ER PT J AU Isler, ML Isler, PR Whitney, BM Zimmer, KJ Whittaker, A AF Isler, Morton L. Isler, Phyllis R. Whitney, Bret M. Zimmer, Kevin J. Whittaker, Andrew TI Species limits in antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae): an evaluation of Frederickena unduligera (Undulated Antshrike) based on vocalizations SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE speciation; Neotropics; Frederickena; systematics; vocalizations; Thamnophilidae AB The Undulated Antshrike, Frederickena unduligera, a resident of lowland humid forests of western Amazonia, is somewhat poorly known as a result of its low population density and retiring habits. In recent years, vocalizations of F. unduligera have been recorded sufficiently to permit geographic analysis. Vocalizations supply valuable measures of species limits for antbirds, whose vocalizations are thought not to be learned. Based on vocalizations, we found that populations of the Undulated Antshrike are more appropriately considered as two biological species. Three populations considered subspecies of F. unduligera await further evaluation pending the acquisition of additional vocal recordings, specimens, and tissue for genetic analysis. C1 [Isler, Morton L.; Isler, Phyllis R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Whitney, Bret M.] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zimmer, Kevin J.] Los Angeles Cty Museum Nat Hist, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. [Whittaker, Andrew] Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Isler, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool Birds, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM antbird@cox.net; ictinia@earthlink.net; kjzimmer@charter.net; Andrew@birdingbraziltours.com FU Macaulay Library; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology FX The analysis was made possible by the contributions of the recordists listed in the Appendix. We are grateful to M. Cohn-Haft for providing field observations. We appreciate the continuing support of the Macaulay Library, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology (G. Budney). J. V. Remsen, Jr., an anonymous reviewer, and editor R. T. Chesser made helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD DEC 7 PY 2009 IS 2305 BP 61 EP 68 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 528TS UT WOS:000272470500005 ER PT J AU Duffy, JE Canuel, EA Adey, W Swaddle, JP AF Duffy, J. Emmett Canuel, Elizabeth A. Adey, Walter Swaddle, John P. TI Biofuels: Algae SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID MICROALGAE; BIODIESEL C1 [Duffy, J. Emmett; Canuel, Elizabeth A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Adey, Walter] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Swaddle, John P.] Coll William & Mary, Environm Sci & Policy Program, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Duffy, JE (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jeduffy@vims.edu RI Adey, Walter/G-2858-2011 NR 3 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5958 BP 1345 EP 1345 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 527EX UT WOS:000272351100015 PM 19965739 ER PT J AU Venter, O Laurance, WF Iwamura, T Wilson, KA Fuller, RA Possingham, HP AF Venter, Oscar Laurance, William F. Iwamura, Takuya Wilson, Kerrie A. Fuller, Richard A. Possingham, Hugh P. TI Harnessing Carbon Payments to Protect Biodiversity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORESTS C1 [Venter, Oscar; Iwamura, Takuya; Wilson, Kerrie A.; Fuller, Richard A.; Possingham, Hugh P.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Laurance, William F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Laurance, William F.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. RP Venter, O (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Ecol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM oventer@uq.edu.au RI Possingham, Hugh/B-1337-2008; Iwamura, Takuya/C-4460-2011; Venter, Oscar/G-6893-2011; Laurance, William/B-2709-2012; Fuller, Richard/B-7971-2008; Wilson, Kerrie/C-8058-2009 OI iwamura, takuya/0000-0002-3740-7758; Possingham, Hugh/0000-0001-7755-996X; Fuller, Richard/0000-0001-9468-9678; Wilson, Kerrie/0000-0002-0092-935X NR 6 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 5 U2 84 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5958 BP 1368 EP 1368 DI 10.1126/science.1180289 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 527EX UT WOS:000272351100032 PM 19965752 ER PT J AU Tavani, M Bulgarelli, A Piano, G Sabatini, S Striani, E Evangelista, Y Trois, A Pooley, G Trushkin, S Nizhelskij, NA McCollough, M Koljonen, KII Pucella, G Giuliani, A Chen, AW Costa, E Vittorini, V Trifoglio, M Gianotti, F Argan, A Barbiellini, G Caraveo, P Cattaneo, PW Cocco, V Contessi, T D'Ammando, F Del Monte, E De Paris, G Di Cocco, G Di Persio, G Donnarumma, I Feroci, M Ferrari, A Fuschino, F Galli, M Labanti, C Lapshov, I Lazzarotto, F Lipari, P Longo, F Mattaini, E Marisaldi, M Mastropietro, M Mauri, A Mereghetti, S Morelli, E Morselli, A Pacciani, L Pellizzoni, A Perotti, F Picozza, P Pilia, M Prest, M Rapisarda, M Rappoldi, A Rossi, E Rubini, A Scalise, E Soffitta, P Vallazza, E Vercellone, S Zambra, A Zanello, D Pittori, C Verrecchia, F Giommi, P Colafrancesco, S Santolamazza, P Antonelli, A Salotti, L AF Tavani, M. Bulgarelli, A. Piano, G. Sabatini, S. Striani, E. Evangelista, Y. Trois, A. Pooley, G. Trushkin, S. Nizhelskij, N. A. McCollough, M. Koljonen, K. I. I. Pucella, G. Giuliani, A. Chen, A. W. Costa, E. Vittorini, V. Trifoglio, M. Gianotti, F. Argan, A. Barbiellini, G. Caraveo, P. Cattaneo, P. W. Cocco, V. Contessi, T. D'Ammando, F. Del Monte, E. De Paris, G. Di Cocco, G. Di Persio, G. Donnarumma, I. Feroci, M. Ferrari, A. Fuschino, F. Galli, M. Labanti, C. Lapshov, I. Lazzarotto, F. Lipari, P. Longo, F. Mattaini, E. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, M. Mauri, A. Mereghetti, S. Morelli, E. Morselli, A. Pacciani, L. Pellizzoni, A. Perotti, F. Picozza, P. Pilia, M. Prest, M. Rapisarda, M. Rappoldi, A. Rossi, E. Rubini, A. Scalise, E. Soffitta, P. Vallazza, E. Vercellone, S. Zambra, A. Zanello, D. Pittori, C. Verrecchia, F. Giommi, P. Colafrancesco, S. Santolamazza, P. Antonelli, A. Salotti, L. TI Extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE; X-RAY; EMISSION-LINES; RADIO; JET AB Super-massive black holes in active galaxies can accelerate particles to relativistic energies(1), producing jets with associated c-ray emission. Galactic 'microquasars', which are binary systems consisting of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole accreting gas from a companion star, also produce relativistic jets, generally together with radio flares(2). Apart from an isolated event detected(3) in Cygnus X-1, there has hitherto been no systematic evidence for the acceleration of particles to gigaelectronvolt or higher energies in a microquasar, with the consequence that we are as yet unsure about the mechanism of jet energization. Here we report four gamma-ray flares with energies above 100 MeV from the microquasar Cygnus X-3 (an exceptional X-ray binary(4-6) that sporadically produces radio jets(7-9)). There is a clear pattern of temporal correlations between the c-ray flares and transitional spectral states of the radio-frequency and X-ray emission. Particle acceleration occurred a few days before radio-jet ejections for two of the four flares, meaning that the process of jet formation implies the production of very energetic particles. In Cygnus X-3, particle energies during the flares can be thousands of times higher than during quiescent states. C1 [Tavani, M.; Piano, G.; Evangelista, Y.; Trois, A.; Costa, E.; Vittorini, V.; Argan, A.; D'Ammando, F.; Del Monte, E.; De Paris, G.; Di Persio, G.; Donnarumma, I.; Feroci, M.; Lazzarotto, F.; Pacciani, L.; Rubini, A.; Scalise, E.; Soffitta, P.] INAF IASF Roma, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Tavani, M.; Sabatini, S.; Striani, E.; Cocco, V.; D'Ammando, F.; Picozza, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Tavani, M.; Chen, A. W.; Vittorini, V.; Barbiellini, G.; Ferrari, A.; Zambra, A.] Consorzio Interuniv Fis Spaziale, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Tavani, M.; Piano, G.; Sabatini, S.; Striani, E.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.] INFN Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Bulgarelli, A.; Trifoglio, M.; Gianotti, F.; Di Cocco, G.; Fuschino, F.; Labanti, C.; Marisaldi, M.; Mauri, A.; Morelli, E.] INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Pooley, G.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Trushkin, S.; Nizhelskij, N. A.] RAS, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz 36916, Russia. [McCollough, M.] Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Koljonen, K. I. I.] TKK Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland. [Pucella, G.; Rapisarda, M.] ENEA Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, RM, Italy. [Giuliani, A.; Chen, A. W.; Caraveo, P.; Contessi, T.; Mereghetti, S.; Perotti, F.; Zambra, A.] INAF IASF Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.; Vallazza, E.] INFN Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. [Cattaneo, P. W.; Rappoldi, A.] INFN Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Ferrari, A.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Galli, M.] ENEA Bologna, I-40128 Bologna, Italy. [Lapshov, I.] IKI, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Lipari, P.; Zanello, D.] INFN Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Lipari, P.; Zanello, D.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Mastropietro, M.] CNR, IMIP, I-00016 Rome, Italy. [Pellizzoni, A.; Pilia, M.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Cagliari, I-09012 Cagliari, Italy. [Pilia, M.; Prest, M.] Univ Insubria, Dipartimento Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Vercellone, S.] INAF IASF Palermo, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Pittori, C.; Verrecchia, F.; Giommi, P.; Colafrancesco, S.; Santolamazza, P.] ESRIN, ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Antonelli, A.] Osserv Astron Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Salotti, L.] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. RP Tavani, M (reprint author), INAF IASF Roma, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM pi.agile@iasf-roma.inaf.it RI Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Lazzarotto, Francesco/J-4670-2012; Trifoglio, Massimo/F-5302-2015; Pittori, Carlotta/C-7710-2016; OI Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; PREST, MICHELA/0000-0003-3161-4454; Verrecchia, Francesco/0000-0003-3455-5082; Marisaldi, Martino/0000-0002-4000-3789; Vercellone, Stefano/0000-0003-1163-1396; MEREGHETTI, SANDRO/0000-0003-3259-7801; Koljonen, Karri/0000-0002-9677-1533; Tavani, Marco/0000-0003-2893-1459; Feroci, Marco/0000-0002-7617-3421; Soffitta, Paolo/0000-0002-7781-4104; Picozza, Piergiorgio/0000-0002-7986-3321; Fuschino, Fabio/0000-0003-2139-3299; Gianotti, Fulvio/0000-0003-4666-119X; Lazzarotto, Francesco/0000-0003-4871-4072; Costa, Enrico/0000-0003-4925-8523; Bulgarelli, Andrea/0000-0001-6347-0649; giommi, paolo/0000-0002-2265-5003; Donnarumma, Immacolata/0000-0002-4700-4549; Pellizzoni, Alberto Paolo/0000-0002-4590-0040; Sabatini, Sabina/0000-0003-2076-5767; trois, alessio/0000-0002-3180-6002; Labanti, Claudio/0000-0002-5086-3619; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; Trifoglio, Massimo/0000-0002-2505-3630; Pittori, Carlotta/0000-0001-6661-9779; Vallazza, Erik Silvio/0000-0002-7465-7430; galli, marcello/0000-0002-9135-3228; Cattaneo, Paolo Walter/0000-0001-6877-6882; Pacciani, Luigi/0000-0001-6897-5996; Del Monte, Ettore/0000-0002-3013-6334 FU Italian Institute of Astrophysics and the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics FX The AGILE mission is funded by the Italian Space Agency with scientific and programmatic participation by the Italian Institute of Astrophysics and the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics. NR 26 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7273 BP 620 EP 623 DI 10.1038/nature08578 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 526HH UT WOS:000272277900034 PM 19935645 ER PT J AU Gal-Yam, A Mazzali, P Ofek, EO Nugent, PE Kulkarni, SR Kasliwal, MM Quimby, RM Filippenko, AV Cenko, SB Chornock, R Waldman, R Kasen, D Sullivan, M Beshore, EC Drake, AJ Thomas, RC Bloom, JS Poznanski, D Miller, AA Foley, RJ Silverman, JM Arcavi, I Ellis, RS Deng, J AF Gal-Yam, A. Mazzali, P. Ofek, E. O. Nugent, P. E. Kulkarni, S. R. Kasliwal, M. M. Quimby, R. M. Filippenko, A. V. Cenko, S. B. Chornock, R. Waldman, R. Kasen, D. Sullivan, M. Beshore, E. C. Drake, A. J. Thomas, R. C. Bloom, J. S. Poznanski, D. Miller, A. A. Foley, R. J. Silverman, J. M. Arcavi, I. Ellis, R. S. Deng, J. TI Supernova 2007bi as a pair-instability explosion SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; SPECTRA; STARS AB Stars with initialmasses such that 10M(circle dot) <= M(initial) <= 100M(circle dot), where M(circle dot) is the solar mass, fuse progressively heavier elements in their centres, until the core is inert iron. The core then gravitationally collapses to a neutron star or a black hole, leading to an explosion-an iron-core-collapse supernova(1,2). By contrast, extremely massive stars with M(initial) >= 140M(circle dot) (if such exist) develop oxygen cores with masses, M(core), that exceed 50M(circle dot), where high temperatures are reached at relatively low densities. Conversion of energetic, pressure-supporting photons into electron-positron pairs occurs before oxygen ignition and leads to a violent contraction which triggers a nuclear explosion(3-5) that unbinds the star in a pair-instability supernova. Transitional objects with 100M(circle dot) < M(initial) < 140M(circle dot) may end up as iron-core-collapse supernovae following violent mass ejections, perhaps as a result of brief episodes of pair instability, and may already have been identified(6-8). Here we report observations of supernova SN 2007bi, a luminous, slowly evolving object located within a dwarf galaxy. We estimate the exploding core mass to be M(core) approximate to 100M(circle dot), in which case theory unambiguously predicts a pair-instability supernova. We show that >3M(circle dot) of radioactive (56)Ni was synthesized during the explosion and that our observations are well fitted by models of pair-instability supernovae(9,10). This indicates that nearby dwarf galaxies probably host extremely massive stars, above the apparent Galactic stellar mass limit(11), which perhaps result from processes similar to those that created the first stars in the Universe. C1 [Gal-Yam, A.; Arcavi, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Mazzali, P.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Mazzali, P.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ofek, E. O.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Quimby, R. M.; Drake, A. J.; Ellis, R. S.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Nugent, P. E.; Thomas, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Filippenko, A. V.; Cenko, S. B.; Chornock, R.; Bloom, J. S.; Poznanski, D.; Miller, A. A.; Silverman, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waldman, R.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Kasen, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sullivan, M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Beshore, E. C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Foley, R. J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Deng, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China. RP Gal-Yam, A (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM avishay.gal-yam@weizmann.ac.il OI Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820; Gal-Yam, Avishay/0000-0002-3653-5598 FU US National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA); Weizmann-Minerva grant; Israeli Science Foundation; European Union Seventh Framework Programme Marie Curie IRG fellowship; Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics; Peter and Patricia Gruber Awards; William Z. and Eda Bess Novick New Scientists Fund; US Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery; US National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; TABASGO Foundation; Gary and Cynthia Bengier; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Chinese 973 Program; W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA FX We gratefully acknowledge advice and help from E. Pian and discussions with Z. Barkat, E. Livne, E. Nakar, N. Langer and P. Podsiadlowski. This work benefited from useful interaction during the Fireworks meetings held at the Weizmann Institute ( 2008) and at the University of Bonn ( 2009). Work related to the CSS data reported here was supported by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) under a grant issued through the Science Mission Directorate Near-Earth Object Observations program. The joint work of A. G.-Y. and P. M. is supported by a Weizmann-Minerva grant. A. G.-Y. acknowledges support from the Israeli Science Foundation, a European Union Seventh Framework Programme Marie Curie IRG fellowship, the Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics, a research grant from the Peter and Patricia Gruber Awards, and the William Z. and Eda Bess Novick New Scientists Fund at the Weizmann Institute. P. E. N. is supported by the US Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing programme. The A. V. F. group at the University of California, Berkeley is grateful for financial support from the US National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the TABASGO Foundation, Gary and Cynthia Bengier, and the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund. J. D. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and by the Chinese 973 Program. This work is based in part on data from the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and NASA; it was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This work made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. R. C. T. is a Luis W. Alvarez Fellow at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. R. J. F is a Clay Fellow at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. NR 30 TC 208 Z9 208 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7273 BP 624 EP 627 DI 10.1038/nature08579 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 526HH UT WOS:000272277900035 PM 19956255 ER PT J AU Regier, JC Zwick, A Cummings, MP Kawahara, AY Cho, S Weller, S Roe, A Baixeras, J Brown, JW Parr, C Davis, DR Epstein, M Hallwachs, W Hausmann, A Janzen, DH Kitching, IJ Solis, MA Yen, SH Bazinet, AL Mitter, C AF Regier, Jerome C. Zwick, Andreas Cummings, Michael P. Kawahara, Akito Y. Cho, Soowon Weller, Susan Roe, Amanda Baixeras, Joaquin Brown, John W. Parr, Cynthia Davis, Donald R. Epstein, Marc Hallwachs, Winifred Hausmann, Axel Janzen, Daniel H. Kitching, Ian J. Solis, M. Alma Yen, Shen-Horn Bazinet, Adam L. Mitter, Charles TI Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CODING NUCLEAR GENES; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; POSTERIOR PROBABILITY; HIGHER CLASSIFICATION; TREE SELECTION; SEQUENCE DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL; SUBSTITUTION; BOOTSTRAP; GLOSSATA AB Background: In the mega-diverse insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths; 165,000 described species), deeper relationships are little understood within the clade Ditrysia, to which 98% of the species belong. To begin addressing this problem, we tested the ability of five protein-coding nuclear genes (6.7 kb total), and character subsets therein, to resolve relationships among 123 species representing 27 (of 33) superfamilies and 55 (of 100) families of Ditrysia under maximum likelihood analysis. Results: Our trees show broad concordance with previous morphological hypotheses of ditrysian phylogeny, although most relationships among superfamilies are weakly supported. There are also notable surprises, such as a consistently closer relationship of Pyraloidea than of butterflies to most Macrolepidoptera. Monophyly is significantly rejected by one or more character sets for the putative clades Macrolepidoptera as currently defined (P < 0.05) and Macrolepidoptera excluding Noctuoidea and Bombycoidea sensu lato (P <= 0.005), and nearly so for the superfamily Drepanoidea as currently defined (P < 0.08). Superfamilies are typically recovered or nearly so, but usually without strong support. Relationships within superfamilies and families, however, are often robustly resolved. We provide some of the first strong molecular evidence on deeper splits within Pyraloidea, Tortricoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea and others. Separate analyses of mostly synonymous versus non-synonymous character sets revealed notable differences (though not strong conflict), including a marked influence of compositional heterogeneity on apparent signal in the third codon position (nt3). As available model partitioning methods cannot correct for this variation, we assessed overall phylogeny resolution through separate examination of trees from each character set. Exploration of "tree space" with GARLI, using grid computing, showed that hundreds of searches are typically needed to find the best-feasible phylogeny estimate for these data. Conclusion: Our results (a) corroborate the broad outlines of the current working phylogenetic hypothesis for Ditrysia, (b) demonstrate that some prominent features of that hypothesis, including the position of the butterflies, need revision, and (c) resolve the majority of family and subfamily relationships within superfamilies as thus far sampled. Much further gene and taxon sampling will be needed, however, to strongly resolve individual deeper nodes. C1 [Kawahara, Akito Y.; Cho, Soowon; Mitter, Charles] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Regier, Jerome C.; Zwick, Andreas] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cummings, Michael P.; Bazinet, Adam L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Lab Mol Evolut, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cho, Soowon] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Plant Med, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Weller, Susan; Roe, Amanda] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Roe, Amanda] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Baixeras, Joaquin] Univ Valencia, Cavanilles Inst Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Brown, John W.; Solis, M. Alma] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Davis, Donald R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Epstein, Marc] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Hallwachs, Winifred; Janzen, Daniel H.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hausmann, Axel] Bavarian State Collect Zool, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Kitching, Ian J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Yen, Shen-Horn] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. RP Mitter, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM regier@umbi.umd.edu; zwick@umbi.umd.edu; mike@umiacs.umd.edu; kawahara@umd.edu; soowon@umd.edu; welle008@umn.edu; aroe@ualberta.ca; joaquin.baixeras@uv.es; john.brown@ars.usda.gov; parrc@si.edu; davisd@si.edu; mepstein@cfda.ca.gov; whallwac@sas.upenn.edu; axel.hausmann@zsm.mwn.de; djanzen@sas.upenn.edu; i.kitching@nhm.ac.uk; alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; shenhornyen@hotmail.com; pknut777@umiacs.umd.edu; cmitter@umd.edu RI Roe, Amanda/A-3902-2013; Parr, Cynthia/E-8013-2010; Baixeras, Joaquin/L-1734-2014; Zwick, Andreas/A-5735-2015 OI Parr, Cynthia/0000-0002-8870-7099; Baixeras, Joaquin/0000-0002-6092-0496; FU U.S. National Science Foundation [0531626, 0531769]; NSF [BSR 9024770, DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699] FX We are greatly indebted to generous colleagues for supplying specimens for this study, including J. K. Adams, D. Adamski, K. Nishida, V. Becker, N. Bloomfield, T. Burbidge, J. Farr, G. Clarke, R. F. Denno, E. Edwards, M. Fibiger, T. Friedlander, J. Giebultowicz, R.J.B. Hoare, K. R. Horst, R. Hutchings, N. Hyde'n, W. Kelly, R. LeClerc, M. J. Matthews, N. McFarland, D. Messersmith, A. Mitchell, R. Poole, K.-T. Park, J. O. Nelson, E. S. Nielsen, R. S. Peigler, K. Pullen, R. Robertson, G. Tremewan, A. Venables, A. Willis, and K. Wolfe. Suwei Zhao and Kongyi Jiang provided technical assistance, and K. Mitter made essential contributions as specimen collection and database manager. We are grateful to M. Mutanen, L. Kaila, N. Wahlberg for permission to cite their work in progress. We thank D. Sean Brady, Sonja Scheffer and the five anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation's Assembling the Tree of Life program, award numbers 0531626 and 0531769, and by NSF grants BSR 9024770 and DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, and 0515699 to DHJ. NR 77 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 42 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD DEC 2 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 280 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-280 PG 21 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535PH UT WOS:000272982200001 PM 19954545 ER PT J AU Viall, NM Spence, HE Kasper, J AF Viall, Nicholeen M. Spence, Harlan E. Kasper, Justin TI Are periodic solar wind number density structures formed in the solar corona? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM ABUNDANCE; STREAMERS; SIGNAL; SPEED; CYCLE AB We present an analysis of the alpha to proton solar wind abundance ratio (A(He)) during a period characterized by significant large size scale density fluctuations, focusing on an event in which the proton and alpha enhancements are anti-correlated. In a recent study using 11 years (1995-2005) of solar wind observations from the Wind spacecraft, N. M. Viall et al. [2008] showed that periodic proton density structures occurred at particular radial length-scales more often than others. The source of these periodic density structures is a significant and outstanding question. Are they generated in the interplanetary medium, or are they a relic of coronal activity as the solar wind was formed? We use A(He) to answer this question, as solar wind elemental abundance ratios are not expected to change during transit. For this event, the anti-phase nature of the A(He) variations strongly suggests that periodic solar wind density structures originate in the solar corona. Citation: Viall, N. M., H. E. Spence, and J. Kasper (2009), Are periodic solar wind number density structures formed in the solar corona?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23102, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041191. C1 [Viall, Nicholeen M.; Spence, Harlan E.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Viall, Nicholeen M.; Spence, Harlan E.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kasper, Justin] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Viall, NM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Astron, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM nickiv@bu.edu RI Viall, Nicholeen/D-1687-2012; Kasper, Justin/D-1152-2010; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Kasper, Justin/0000-0002-7077-930X; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 FU NASA [NNG05GK65G, NNX08AW07G] FX This research was supported by NASA grant NNG05GK65G and NASA grant NNX08AW07G. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L23102 DI 10.1029/2009GL041191 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 528JV UT WOS:000272441400011 ER PT J AU Araya-Ajoy, YM Chaves-Campos, J Kalko, EKV DeWoody, JA AF Araya-Ajoy, Yi-men Chaves-Campos, Johel Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. DeWoody, J. Andrew TI High-Pitched Notes during Vocal Contests Signal Genetic Diversity in Ocellated Antbirds SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE HETEROZYGOSITY; SPARROWS MELOSPIZA-MELODIA; BIRD SONG; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEXUAL SELECTION; MALE QUALITY; MATE CHOICE; BODY-SIZE; PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTION AB Animals use honest signals to assess the quality of competitors during aggressive interactions. Current theory predicts that honest signals should be costly to produce and thus reveal some aspects of the phenotypic or genetic quality of the sender. In songbirds, research indicates that biomechanical constraints make the production of some acoustic features costly. Furthermore, recent studies have found that vocal features are related to genetic diversity. We linked these two lines of research by evaluating if constrained acoustic features reveal male genetic diversity during aggressive interactions in ocellated antbirds (Phaenostictus mcleannani). We recorded the aggressive vocalizations of radiotagged males at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica, and found significant variation in the highest frequency produced among individuals. Moreover, we detected a negative relationship between the frequency of the highest pitched note and vocalization duration, suggesting that high pitched notes might constrain the duration of vocalizations through biomechanical and/or energetic limitations. When we experimentally exposed wild radiotagged males to simulated acoustic challenges, the birds increased the pitch of their vocalization. We also found that individuals with higher genetic diversity (as measured by zygosity across 9 microsatellite loci) produced notes of higher pitch during aggressive interactions. Overall, our results suggest that the ability to produce high pitched notes is an honest indicator of male genetic diversity in male-male aggressive interactions. C1 [Araya-Ajoy, Yi-men] Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Chaves-Campos, Johel; DeWoody, J. Andrew] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Univ Ulm, Inst Expt Ecol, Ulm, Germany. [Kalko, Elisabeth K. V.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [DeWoody, J. Andrew] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Araya-Ajoy, YM (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Biol, San Jose, Costa Rica. EM jchaves@purdue.edu RI DeWoody, James/C-4909-2008 OI DeWoody, James/0000-0002-7315-5631 FU U. S. National Science Foundation [DDIG 0608231, DEB 0514815]; Organization for Tropical Studies; American Ornithologists' Union; Cooper Ornithological Society; Sigma Xi Society; Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst; Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; Neotropical Ornithological Society FX This research was partially funded by the U. S. National Science Foundation (DDIG 0608231 to J.C-C and DEB 0514815 to J.A.D.), the Organization for Tropical Studies (to Y.A-A and J.C-C.), the American Ornithologists' Union, Cooper Ornithological Society, and Sigma Xi Society (to J.C-C.), the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD; ISAP program), Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology (Raven License Award) and the Neotropical Ornithological Society (to Y. A-A). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. US National Science Foundation http://www.nsf.gov/Organization for Tropical Studies http://www.ots.ac.cr/American Ornithologists' Union http://www.aou.org/Cooper Ornithological Society http://www.cooper.org/Sigma Xi Society http://www.sigmaxi.org/Idea Wild http://www.ideawild.org/Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst http://www.daad.de/en/index.html Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology http://www.birds.cornell.edu/Neotropical Ornithological Society http://www.ibiologia.unam.mx/links/neo/neo.html NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 2 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8137 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008137 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533MU UT WOS:000272828800028 PM 19956580 ER PT J AU Aptekar, JW Cassidy, MC Johnson, AC Barton, RA Lee, M Ogier, AC Vo, C Anahtar, MN Ren, Y Bhatia, SN Ramanathan, C Cory, DG Hill, AL Mair, RW Rosen, MS Walsworth, RL Marcus, CM AF Aptekar, Jacob W. Cassidy, Maja C. Johnson, Alexander C. Barton, Robert A. Lee, Menyoung Ogier, Alexander C. Vo, Chinh Anahtar, Melis N. Ren, Yin Bhatia, Sangeeta N. Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar Cory, David G. Hill, Alison L. Mair, Ross W. Rosen, Matthew S. Walsworth, Ronald L. Marcus, Charles M. TI Silicon Nanoparticles as Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE silicon nanoparticle; contrast agent; hyperpolarized; molecular imaging; functionalized nanoparticle; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); nuclear magnetic resonance; nuclear spin relaxation ID SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON-OXIDE; IN-VIVO; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; CONTRAST AGENTS; QUANTUM DOTS; TUMORS; MR; PARTICLES; DELIVERY; XE-129 AB Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized nuclei provides high image contrast with little or no background signal. To date, in vivo applications of prehyperpolarized materials have been limited by relatively short nuclear spin relaxation times. Here, we investigate silicon nanoparticles as a new type of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agent. Nuclear spin relaxation times for a variety of Si nanoparticles are found to be remarkably long, ranging from many minutes to hours at room temperature, allowing hyperpolarized nanoparticles to be transported, administered, and imaged on practical time scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that Si nanopartides can be surface functionalized using techniques common to other biologically targeted nanoparticle systems. These results suggest that Si nanoparticles can be used as a targetable, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agent with a large range of potential applications. C1 [Aptekar, Jacob W.; Cassidy, Maja C.; Johnson, Alexander C.; Barton, Robert A.; Lee, Menyoung; Ogier, Alexander C.; Vo, Chinh; Rosen, Matthew S.; Walsworth, Ronald L.; Marcus, Charles M.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Anahtar, Melis N.; Ren, Yin; Bhatia, Sangeeta N.] MIT, Harvard MIT Div Hlth Sci & Technol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bhatia, Sangeeta N.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar; Cory, David G.] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hill, Alison L.; Mair, Ross W.; Rosen, Matthew S.; Walsworth, Ronald L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Marcus, CM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM marcus@harvard.edu RI Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/C-5207-2008; Lee, Menyoung/F-1553-2011; Marcus, Charles/M-4526-2014; OI Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar/0000-0002-7457-3608; Marcus, Charles/0000-0003-2420-4692; Johnson, Alex/0000-0003-4623-4147; Lee, Menyoung/0000-0003-1954-3198 FU NIH [R21 EB007486-01A1, U54 CA119335, R01 CA124427]; NSF through the Harvard NSEC; National Science Foundation [ECS-0335765] FX We thank D. C. Bell, F. Kuemmeth, T. F. Kosar, C. Lara, D. Reeves, S. Rodriques, and J. R. Williams for technical contributions and D. J. Reilly, C. Farrar, and B. Rosen for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the NIH under grant R21 EB007486-01A1, U54 CA119335, R01 CA124427 and by the NSF through the Harvard NSEC. Part of this work was performed at the Harvard Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award no. ECS-0335765. NR 34 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD DEC PY 2009 VL 3 IS 12 BP 4003 EP 4008 DI 10.1021/nn900996p PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 533ST UT WOS:000272846000033 PM 19950973 ER PT J AU Baltzer, JL Gregoire, DM Bunyavejchewin, S Noor, NSM Davies, SJ AF Baltzer, Jennifer L. Gregoire, Dorthea M. Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh Noor, N. Supardi M. Davies, Stuart J. TI COORDINATION OF FOLIAR AND WOOD ANATOMICAL TRAITS CONTRIBUTES TO TROPICAL TREE DISTRIBUTIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY ALONG THE MALAY-THAI PENINSULA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; climatic variability; gas exchange; geographic range size; Malaysia; Thailand; tropical forest dynamics; wood anatomy ID XYLEM CAVITATION; RAIN-FOREST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; WATER RELATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; WHOLE-PLANT; LEAF; DROUGHT AB Drought is a critical factor in plant species distributions. Much research points to its relevance even in moist tropical regions. Recent studies have begun to elucidate mechanisms underlying the distributions of tropical tree species with respect to drought: however, how such desiccation tolerance mechanisms correspond with the coordination of hydraulic and photosynthetic traits in determining species distributions with respect to rainfall seasonality deserves attention. In the present study, we used a common garden approach to quantify inherent differences in wood anatomical and foliar physiological traits in 21 tropical tree species with either widespread (occupying both seasonal and aseasonal climates) or southern (restricted to aseasonal forests) distributions with respect to rainfall seasonality. Use of congeneric species pairs and phylogenetically independent contrast analyses allowed examination of this question in a phylogenetic framework. Widespread species opted for wood traits that provide biomechanical support and prevent xylem cavitation and showed associated reductions in canopy productivity and consequently growth rates compared with southern species. These data Support the hypothesis that species having broader distributions with respect to climatic variability will be characterized by traits conducive to abiotic stress tolerance. This study highlights the importance of the well-established performance vs. stress tolerance trade-off as a contributor to species distributions at larger scales. C1 [Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Gregoire, Dorthea M.] Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada. [Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Davies, Stuart J.] Harvard Univ, Harvard Univ Herbaria, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh] Royal Forest Dept, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. [Noor, N. Supardi M.] Forest Res Inst Malaysia, Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia. [Davies, Stuart J.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Ctr Trop Forest Sci, Panama City, Panama. RP Baltzer, JL (reprint author), Mt Allison Univ, Dept Biol, 63B York St, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada. EM jbaltzer@mta.ca FU Center for Tropical Forest Science-Arnold Arboretum Asia Program; CTFS; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX Many thanks to the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia and the Thai Royal Forest Department for permission to conduct this research. S. Phillips was integral in the experimental establishment, and F. Abidin assisted in nursery care. S. Nishimura (NIES) provided nursery space at Pasoh and assistance in various forms. Thanks to S. Thomas for use of gas-exchange equipment and taxonomic assistance. Wood anatomical trait measurement was greatly facilitated by M. Schneider through generous use of equipment and methodological direction. Many thanks to B. Pratt for his thorough and helpful editorial contributions and three anonymous reviewers. Research was supported by the Center for Tropical Forest Science-Arnold Arboretum Asia Program, a CTFS research grant, and Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral and Discovery funding to J.L.B. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2214 EP 2223 DI 10.3732/ajb.0800414 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532EE UT WOS:000272727400008 PM 21622337 ER PT J AU Power, ML Myers, EW AF Power, Michael L. Myers, E. Wilson TI Digestion in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), A Gummivore-Frugivore SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mean retention time; apparent digestibility; callitrichids ID WESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA; GUT MORPHOLOGY; CALLITRICHIDS; TAMARINS; GROWTH; CARE AB Wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) feed on fruits, insects, and gums, all of which provide different digestive challenges. Much of the ingested mass of fruits consists of seeds. In general, seeds represent indigestible bulk to marmosets and could inhibit feeding if they are not eliminated rapidly. In contrast, gums are beta-linked polysaccharides that require microbial fermentation. Their digestion would benefit from an extended residence time within the gut. Earlier research found that mean retention time (MRT) for a liquid digestive marker (cobalt EDTA) was significantly longer than MRT for a particulate marker (chromium-mordanted fiber), suggesting that common marmosets preferentially retain liquid digesta. We conducted two four-day-long digestion trials on 13 individually housed adult common marmosets fed a single-item, purified diet in order to examine the relations among MRT of cobalt EDTA and chromium-mordanted fiber, food dry matter intake (DMI), and apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM). We compared the MRT values with the data from the previous study mentioned above and a study using polystyrene beads. There were no significant correlations among MRT, ADDM, or DMI, although increases in DMI between trials were associated with decreases in MRT. ADDM was consistent within individuals between trials; but the mean values ranged from 75.0 to 83.4% among individuals. We found no difference in MRT between the liquid (17.5+/-1.6 hr) and particulate (17.9+/-1.4 hr) markers. Although these values were not significantly different than found previously, the MRT for chromium-mordanted fiber tended to be longer. This probably reflects the relatively small size of the chromium-mordanted fiber particles used in this study. An inverse relationship between particle size and MRT was evident; the mean MRT of polysterene beads, the largest marker, was only 8.3 +/- 1.5 hr. Marmosets appear to retain liquids and small particles within the gut longer than large particles. Am. J. Primatol. 71:957-963, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Power, Michael L.; Myers, E. Wilson] Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Ecol Ctr, Nutr Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Power, Michael L.] Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Res Dept, Washington, DC 20024 USA. [Myers, E. Wilson] Colorado Coll, Dept Biol, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. RP Power, ML (reprint author), Smithsonian Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Ecol Ctr, Nutr Lab, POB 37012,MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM powerm@si.edu OI Power, Michael/0000-0002-6120-3528 FU PHS [R01-RR02022, P51-RR13986] FX Contract grant sponsor: PHS; Contract grant numbers: R01-RR02022; P51-RR13986. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0275-2565 J9 AM J PRIMATOL JI Am. J. Primatol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 71 IS 12 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1002/ajp.20737 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 518VD UT WOS:000271722200001 PM 19725117 ER PT J AU Galvez, D Kranstauber, B Kays, RW Jansen, PA AF Galvez, Dumas Kranstauber, Bart Kays, Roland W. Jansen, Patrick A. TI Scatter hoarding by the Central American agouti: a test of optimal cache spacing theory SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE cache pilferage; camera trapping; Central American agouti; Dasyprocta punctata; food availability; optimal cache spacing; scatter hoarding; seed dispersal; tropical forest ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT SURVIVAL; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; DIPODOMYS-MERRIAMI; PILFERAGE; DISPERSAL; SQUIRRELS; BEHAVIOR; PALM; FORESTS; RODENTS AB Optimal cache spacing theory predicts that scatter-hoarding animals store food at a density that balances the gains of reducing cache robbery against the costs of spacing out caches further. We tested the key prediction that cache robbery and cache spacing increase with the economic value of food: the ratio of food to consumer abundance. We quantified cache pilferage and cache spacing by the Central American agouti, Dasyprocta punctata, in the tropical forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, across 10 1 ha plots that encompassed a more than 100-fold range in the availability of Astrocaryum palm seeds, the agouti's principal food. We found that caches were pilfered at higher rates in plots with lower seed availability, and that agoutis cached seeds further away and into lower densities where seed availability was lower. Food scarcity apparently increased the pressure of food competitors on caches, stimulating agoutis to put more effort into caching seeds to create lower cache densities, fully consistent with theory. We conclude that the optimal cache density depends not only on the nutritional value of food but also on the economic value, which may vary in space as well as time. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Galvez, Dumas; Kranstauber, Bart; Jansen, Patrick A.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. [Kranstauber, Bart] Max Planck Inst Ornithol, Radolfzell am Bodensee, Germany. [Kays, Roland W.] New York State Museum & Sci Serv, Albany, NY 12230 USA. [Galvez, Dumas; Kays, Roland W.; Jansen, Patrick A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City, Panama. [Jansen, Patrick A.] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Studies, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Jansen, PA (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, POB 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. EM p.a.jansen@rug.nl RI Jansen, Patrick/G-2545-2015 OI Jansen, Patrick/0000-0002-4660-0314 FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB 0717071]; Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research [NWO-ALW 863-07-008]; Marco Polo Fund FX We gratefully acknowledge critical comments by Anders Brodin, Lisa Leaver and Ana Sendova-Franks, field assistance by Anthony Turner, Nadia Sitas, Anouk de Plaa, Carol Garzon-Lopez, Liliana Ballesteros, Signe Brinklov, Robert Horan, Erin Kurten and Katrin Petschl, logistical support by Belkys Jimenez, Oris Acevedo and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and financial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB 0717071 to R. W. K.), the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO-ALW 863-07-008 to P.A.J.) and the Marco Polo Fund (to D. G. and B. K.). NR 46 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 78 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1333 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.08.015 PG 7 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 525HA UT WOS:000272204500007 ER PT J AU Ortner, DJ AF Ortner, Donald J. TI Issues in paleopathology and possible strategies for dealing with them SO ANTHROPOLOGISCHER ANZEIGER LA English DT Article DE paleopathology; research design; methods AB Human paleopathology has the potential of enriching what we can reconstruct about the lives of our recent and ancient ancestors. The development of remarkably sensitive analytical methods in chemistry and physics provides information that is still in the early stages of being used in research about human paleopathology. Research on mummy and skeletal tissues, both gross and histological, has vastly improved from the early studies in paleopathology. There are, however, nagging issues that have been identified as scientists attempt to conduct new research and interpret the research being done. These include the need for a greater emphasis on rigor in diagnosis of skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities; the establishment of additional research centers that recover and curate large, carefully documented archaeological samples of human remains; better integration between the medical fields of orthopaedic pathology and skeletal radiology with paleopathology; and improved design in the research conducted. C1 [Ortner, Donald J.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Ortner, Donald J.] Univ Bradford, Dept Archaeol Sci, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. RP Ortner, DJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM Ortner@si.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0003-5548 J9 ANTHROPOL ANZ JI Anthropol. Anz. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 67 IS 4 SI SI BP 323 EP 340 DI 10.1127/0003-5548/2009/0026 PG 18 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 582ET UT WOS:000276579800002 PM 20440955 ER PT J AU Rey, JR Hargraves, PE O'Connell, SM AF Rey, Jorge R. Hargraves, Paul E. O'Connell, Sheila M. TI Effect of selected marine and freshwater microalgae on development and survival of the mosquito Aedes aegypti SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Akashiwo; Allelopathy; Florida; Microalgae; Mosquito; Microcystin ID GREEN-ALGAE; LARVAE; CYANOBACTERIA; COMPETITION; DIATOM; DENGUE; FOOD; PHYTOPLANKTON; ALLELOPATHY; RESISTANCE AB We isolated and identified strains of marine and freshwater planktonic and benthic microalgae from the vicinity of Indian River County, Florida (a parts per thousand 27.5A degrees N, 80.34A degrees W), cultivated them in batch culture, and examined their allelopathic activity against mosquito larvae. Additional algal material was obtained from Syracuse University and the University of Texas-Austin Algal Culture Collection. Mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti (L.)) from colonies maintained at the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory were challenged with the microalgae using log-growth phase and senescent-phase cultures. Appropriate controls (no algae) were used for each treatment. There were no significant differences in development time between treatments across all trials and a few significant treatment effects on development times, mortality, or mosquito size in the individual trials; however, there was a tendency for treatments with senescent microalgae to develop faster than controls with no algae. Effects consistent with algal toxicity included the two trials with Microcystis aeruginosa, where the larvae exposed to the strain-producing microcystin had significantly longer development times than the controls or those grown with the non-microcystin-producing strain, and the trial with the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea, where larvae exposed to this species had significantly higher mortality than the controls. No consistent patterns or differences between experimental and control treatments in the value of lambda', an estimate of the population finite rate of increase, were discernible from the data. C1 [Rey, Jorge R.; O'Connell, Sheila M.] Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. [Hargraves, Paul E.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Hargraves, Paul E.] Smithsonian Marine Stn, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. RP Rey, JR (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. EM jrey@ufl.edu FU Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services FX We thank Dr. C. Ross, Smithsonian Marine Station, Ft. Pierce, FL for confirmation of microcystin production via ELISA, Dr. Greg Boyer, Syracuse University, for the two M. aeruginosa cultures, Ms. Julie Piraino for assistance with confirmatory scanning electron microscopy, and Richard Escher (FMEL) for maintenance of the mosquito colonies. We also thank George O'Meara, Roxanne Connelly, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The research was supported in part by a grant from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. This is contribution 1725 from Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution and contribution 767 from the Smithsonian Marine Station, Ft Pierce, FL. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 4 BP 987 EP 997 DI 10.1007/s10452-009-9232-0 PG 11 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533TE UT WOS:000272847400017 ER PT J AU Torres, G Lacy, CHS Claret, A AF Torres, Guillermo Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg Claret, Antonio TI ABSOLUTE PROPERTIES OF THE HIGHLY ECCENTRIC ECLIPSING BINARY STAR LV HERCULIS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: eclipsing; binaries: spectroscopic; stars: evolution; stars: fundamental parameters; stars: individual (LV Her) ID LINED SPECTROSCOPIC BINARIES; LIMB-DARKENING COEFFICIENTS; MAIN-SEQUENCE; TIDAL-EVOLUTION; LIGHT CURVES; Y-2 ISOCHRONES; DIMENSIONS; FRICTION; CATALOG; SYSTEMS AB We report extensive spectroscopic and differential V-band photometric observations of the 18.4 day detached double-lined eclipsing binary LV Her (F9 v), which has the highest eccentricity (e similar or equal to 0.613) among the systems with well-measured properties. We determine the absolute masses and radii of the components to be M(1) = 1.193 +/- 0.010M(circle dot), M(2) = 1.1698 +/- 0.0081M(circle dot), R(1) = 1.358 +/- 0.012R(circle dot), and R(2) = 1.313 +/- 0.011R(circle dot), with fractional errors of 0.9% or better. The effective temperatures are 6060 +/- 150 K and 6030 +/- 150 K, respectively, and the overall metallicity is estimated to be [m/H] = +0.08 +/- 0.21. A comparison with current stellar evolution models for this composition indicates an excellent fit for an age between 3.8 and 4.2 Gyr, with both stars being near the middle of their main-sequence lifetimes. Full integration of the equations for tidal evolution is consistent with the high eccentricity, and suggests that the stars' spin axes are aligned with the orbital axis, and that their rotations should be pseudo-synchronized. The latter prediction is not quite in agreement with the measured projected rotational velocities. C1 [Torres, Guillermo] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Claret, Antonio] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. RP Torres, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu; clacy@uark.edu; claret@iaa.es FU NSF [AST-0708229]; NASA FX We are grateful to P. Berlind, M. Calkins, R. J. Davis, E. Horine, D. W. Latham, J. Peters, and J. Zajac for their help in gathering the spectroscopic observations of LV Her used in this work, and to R. J. Davis for maintaining the echelle database at CfA. G. T. acknowledges partial support for this research through NSF grant AST-0708229. C. H. S. L. thanks Bill Neely who operates and maintains the NFO for our Consortium, and who handles preliminary processing and storage of the images. He also wishes to thank summer 2009 Arkansas REU student Chris Gong for her preliminary analysis of the URSA data. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database and the VizieR catalog access tool, both operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, of NASA's Astrophysics Data System Abstract Service, and of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA and the NSF. NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1622 EP 1633 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1622 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 517PZ UT WOS:000271630200010 ER PT J AU Barmby, P Perina, S Bellazzini, M Cohen, JG Hodge, PW Huchra, JP Kissler-Patig, M Puzia, TH Strader, J AF Barmby, P. Perina, S. Bellazzini, M. Cohen, J. G. Hodge, P. W. Huchra, J. P. Kissler-Patig, M. Puzia, T. H. Strader, J. TI A HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE/WFPC2 SURVEY OF BRIGHT YOUNG CLUSTERS IN M31. III. STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: individual (Messier: Number M31); galaxies: star clusters; globular clusters: general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; LUMINOUS STAR-CLUSTERS; LARGE-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; GALACTIC OPEN CLUSTERS; TO-LIGHT RATIOS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; FUNDAMENTAL PLANE; MASS FUNCTION; DYNAMICAL MODELS; STELLAR CLUSTERS AB Surface brightness profiles for 23 M31 star clusters were measured using images from the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope, and fitted to two types of models to determine the clusters' structural properties. The clusters are primarily young (similar to 10(8) yr) and massive (similar to 10(4.5) M(circle dot)), with median half-light radius 7 pc and dissolution times of a few Gyr. The properties of the M31 clusters are comparable to those of clusters of similar age in the Magellanic Clouds. Simulated star clusters are used to derive a conversion from statistical measures of cluster size to half-light radius so that the extragalactic clusters can be compared to young massive clusters in the Milky Way. All three sets of star clusters fall approximately on the same age-size relation. The young M31 clusters are expected to dissolve within a few Gyr and will not survive to become old, globular clusters. However, they do appear to follow the same fundamental plane (FP) relations as old clusters; if confirmed with velocity dispersion measurements, this would be a strong indication that the star cluster FP reflects universal cluster formation conditions. C1 [Barmby, P.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Perina, S.; Bellazzini, M.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Perina, S.; Bellazzini, M.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Cohen, J. G.] CALTECH, Palomar Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hodge, P. W.] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Huchra, J. P.; Strader, J.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kissler-Patig, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Puzia, T. H.] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Barmby, P (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. EM pbarmby@uwo.ca RI Bellazzini , Michele/O-9373-2015; Barmby, Pauline/I-7194-2016 OI Bellazzini , Michele/0000-0001-8200-810X; Barmby, Pauline/0000-0003-2767-0090 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555]; [GO-10818]; [GO-8296] FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with program GO-10818 (PI: J. Cohen) and GO-8296 (PI: P. Hodge). NR 75 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1667 EP 1680 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1667 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 517PZ UT WOS:000271630200014 ER PT J AU Perley, DA Cenko, SB Bloom, JS Chen, HW Butler, NR Kocevski, D Prochaska, JX Brodwin, M Glazebrook, K Kasliwal, MM Kulkarni, SR Lopez, S Ofek, EO Pettini, M Soderberg, AM Starr, D AF Perley, D. A. Cenko, S. B. Bloom, J. S. Chen, H. -W. Butler, N. R. Kocevski, D. Prochaska, J. X. Brodwin, M. Glazebrook, K. Kasliwal, M. M. Kulkarni, S. R. Lopez, S. Ofek, E. O. Pettini, M. Soderberg, A. M. Starr, D. TI THE HOST GALAXIES OF SWIFT DARK GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON HIGHLY OBSCURED AND VERY HIGH REDSHIFT GRBs SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE dust, extinction; gamma rays: bursts; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: photometry ID COSMIC STAR-FORMATION; INFRARED LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; DAMPED LY-ALPHA; AFTERGLOW EMISSION; OPTICAL AFTERGLOW; FORMATION HISTORY; XRT OBSERVATIONS; DUST EXTINCTION; LIGHT-CURVE AB In this work, we present the first results of our imaging campaign at Keck Observatory to identify the host galaxies of "dark" gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), events with no detected optical afterglow or with detected optical flux significantly fainter than expected from the observed X-ray afterglow. We find that out of a uniform sample of 29 Swift bursts rapidly observed by the Palomar 60 inch telescope through 2008 March 914 of which we classify as dark), all events have either a detected optical afterglow, a probable optical host-galaxy detection, or both. Our results constrain the fraction of Swift GRBs coming from very high redshift (z > 7), such as the recent GRB 090423, to between 0.2% and 7% at 80% confidence. In contrast, a significant fraction of the sample requires large extinction columns (host-frame Lambda(V) greater than or similar to 1 mag, with several events showing Lambda(V) > 2-6 mag), identifying dust extinction as the dominant cause of the dark GRB phenomenon. We infer that a significant fraction of GRBs (and, by association, of high-mass star formation) occurs in highly obscured regions. However, the host galaxies of dark GRBs seem to have normal optical colors, suggesting that the source of obscuring dust is local to the vicinity of the GRB progenitor or highly unevenly distributed within the host galaxy. C1 [Perley, D. A.; Cenko, S. B.; Bloom, J. S.; Butler, N. R.; Starr, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, H. -W.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kocevski, D.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Prochaska, J. X.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Brodwin, M.; Soderberg, A. M.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Glazebrook, K.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Kasliwal, M. M.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Ofek, E. O.] CALTECH, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lopez, S.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Pettini, M.] Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Starr, D.] Global Telescope Network Inc, Las Cumbres Observ, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Perley, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dperley@astro.berkeley.edu RI Glazebrook, Karl/N-3488-2015; Lopez, Sebastian /I-5657-2016 OI Glazebrook, Karl/0000-0002-3254-9044; Lopez, Sebastian /0000-0003-0389-0902 FU Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network; NASA/Swift Guest Investigator [NNG05GF55G, NNG06GH50G, NNX08AN84G]; Gary and Cynthia Bengier; Richard andRhoda Goldman fund; National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST0607485]; W. M. Keck Foundation; FONDECYT [1060823]; NSF; National Science Foundation (United States); Science and Technology Facilities Council United Kingdom); National Research Council (Canada); CONICYT (Chile); Australian Research Council (Australia); Ministrio da Cincia e Tecnologia (Brazil); Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologa e Innovacin Productiva (Argentina); Harvard University Milton Fund; SAO; UC Berkeley; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX J.S.B.'s group is partially supported by the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network and NASA/Swift Guest Investigator grant NNG05GF55G. S.B.C. acknowledges generous support from Gary and Cynthia Bengier, the Richard andRhoda Goldman fund, and National Science Foundation (NSF) grant AST0607485. Support for M. B. was provided by the W. M. Keck Foundation. S. L. was supported by FONDECYT grant N. 1060823. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. We extend special thanks to those of Hawaiian ancestry on whose sacred mountain we are privileged to be guests. Gemini Observatory is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministrio da Cincia e Tecnologia (Brazil), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologa e Innovacin Productiva (Argentina). PAIRITEL is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) and was made possible by a grant from the Harvard University Milton Fund, a camera loan from the University of Virginia, and continued support of the SAO and UC Berkeley. The PAIRITEL project are further supported by NASA/Swift Guest Investigator grant NNG06GH50G and NNX08AN84G. This research has made use of the NASA/ IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work additionally made use of data supplied by the UK Swift Science Data Centre at the University of Leicester. We also acknowledge the hard work and efforts of the creators of other essential Web sites, in particular astrometry. net and GRBlog, which greatly assisted in this work. We thank D. A. Kann and our anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions, and also thank Derek Fox as well as Pall Jakobsson and collaborators for sharing additional data on bursts within our sample. Finally, we acknowledge the hard work and dedication of the Swift team, whose successful mission has made this study possible. NR 139 TC 135 Z9 136 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 138 IS 6 BP 1690 EP 1708 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/138/6/1690 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 517PZ UT WOS:000271630200016 ER PT J AU Wang, JH Lehner, MJ Zhang, ZW Bianco, FB Alcock, C Chen, WP Axelrod, T Byun, YI Coehlo, NK Cook, KH Dave, R de Pater, I Porrata, R Kim, DW King, SK Lee, T Lin, HC Lissauer, JJ Marshall, SL Protopapas, P Rice, JA Schwamb, ME Wang, SY Wen, CY AF Wang, J. -H. Lehner, M. J. Zhang, Z. -W. Bianco, F. B. Alcock, C. Chen, W. -P. Axelrod, T. Byun, Y. -I. Coehlo, N. K. Cook, K. H. Dave, R. de Pater, I. Porrata, R. Kim, D. -W. King, S. -K. Lee, T. Lin, H. -C. Lissauer, J. J. Marshall, S. L. Protopapas, P. Rice, J. A. Schwamb, M. E. Wang, S. -Y. Wen, C. -Y. TI UPPER LIMITS ON THE NUMBER OF SMALL BODIES IN SEDNA-LIKE ORBITS BY THE TAOS PROJECT SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Kuiper Belt; occultations; solar system: formation ID AMERICAN OCCULTATION SURVEY; 2003 VB12 SEDNA; SOLAR-SYSTEM; KUIPER-BELT; OORT CLOUD; STELLAR OCCULTATIONS; COMET CLOUD; OBJECTS; ENCOUNTERS; PLANETS AB We present the results of a search for occultation events by objects at distances between 100 and 1000 AU in light curves from the Taiwanese-American Occultation Survey. We searched for consecutive, shallow flux reductions in the stellar light curves obtained by our survey between 2005 February 7 and 2006 December 31 with a total of similar to 4.5 x 10(9) three-telescope simultaneous photometric measurements. No events were detected, allowing us to set upper limits on the number density as a function of size and distance of objects in Sedna-like orbits, using simple models. C1 [Wang, J. -H.; Lehner, M. J.; King, S. -K.; Lee, T.; Wang, S. -Y.; Wen, C. -Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Wang, J. -H.; Zhang, Z. -W.; Chen, W. -P.; Lin, H. -C.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Astron, Jhongli 320, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. [Lehner, M. J.; Bianco, F. B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lehner, M. J.; Bianco, F. B.; Alcock, C.; Dave, R.; Protopapas, P.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Axelrod, T.] Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Byun, Y. -I.; Kim, D. -W.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Astron, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Coehlo, N. K.; Rice, J. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cook, K. H.; Marshall, S. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [de Pater, I.; Porrata, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 9