FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Edwards, T Wadl, P Trigiano, R Hatmaker, E Boggess, S Moore, P Staton, M Klingeman, W Bernard, E Dattilo, A Ownley, B Rinehart, T Pistrang, M Skinner, J Call, G Windham, A Hadziabdic, D AF Edwards, T. Wadl, P. Trigiano, R. Hatmaker, E. Boggess, S. Moore, P. Staton, M. Klingeman, W. Bernard, E. Dattilo, A. Ownley, B. Rinehart, T. Pistrang, M. Skinner, J. Call, G. Windham, A. Hadziabdic, D. TI Current Status and Ongoing Conservation Efforts for the Federally Endangered Species Pityopsis ruthii SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Phytopathological-Society (APS) CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2016 CL Tampa, FL SP Amer Phytopathol Soc C1 [Edwards, T.; Trigiano, R.; Hatmaker, E.; Boggess, S.; Moore, P.; Staton, M.; Klingeman, W.; Bernard, E.; Ownley, B.; Skinner, J.; Windham, A.; Hadziabdic, D.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Wadl, P.] USDA ARS, Charleston, SC USA. [Dattilo, A.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Rinehart, T.] USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS USA. [Pistrang, M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Cleveland, TN USA. [Call, G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cookeville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2016 VL 106 IS 12 SU S BP 34 EP 34 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA EF6WM UT WOS:000390471900172 ER PT J AU Byard, BE Schindler, AK Riding, KA Folliard, KJ AF Byard, Benjamin E. Schindler, Anton K. Riding, Kyle A. Folliard, Kevin J. TI Validation of Modified B3 Model to Predict Early-Age Stress Development of Concrete SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE creep; elastic moduli; physical properties; strain effects ID CREEP AB The B3 Model is a compliance model that was designed and calibrated to estimate instantaneous and time-dependent strain behavior of concrete with a loading age of 1 day or more. Modifications were developed to correct the B3 model for rapidly changing viscoelastic and elastic properties of early-age concrete between setting and 1 day. Early-age stress and mechanical property development of 72 concrete mixtures with different materials, mixture proportions, and temperature histories were measured and compared to early-age stresses calculated using the Modified B3 Model. The unbiased estimate of standard deviation decreased from 0.78 to 0.42 MPa (113 to 60 psi), and the coefficient of determination increased from 0.59 to 0.80 when predictions with the Modified B3 Model are compared to the unmodified B3 Model. This magnitude of improvement is similar to that obtained when the Modified B3 Model was originally developed, which thus validates the Modified B3 Model. C1 [Byard, Benjamin E.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Byard, Benjamin E.] Engn Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL USA. [Schindler, Anton K.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL USA. [Schindler, Anton K.] Univ Texas, Austin, TX USA. [Riding, Kyle A.] Kansas State Univ, Civil Engn, Manhattan, KS USA. [Folliard, Kevin J.] Univ Texas, Dept Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engn, Austin, TX USA. RP Byard, BE (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA.; Byard, BE (reprint author), Engn Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-325X EI 1944-737X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2016 VL 113 IS 5 BP 691 EP 700 DI 10.14359/51689113 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA EE6CF UT WOS:000389695600015 ER PT J AU Bragg-Sitton, SM Todosow, M Montgomery, R Stanek, CR Montgomery, R Carmack, WJ AF Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M. Todosow, Michael Montgomery, Robert Stanek, Christopher R. Montgomery, Rose Carmack, W. Jon TI Metrics for the Technical Performance Evaluation of Light Water Reactor Accident-Tolerant Fuel SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Accident-tolerant fuel; advanced LWR fuel; advanced nuclear fuel AB The safe, reliable, and economic operation of the nation's nuclear power reactor fleet has always been a top priority for the nuclear industry. Continual improvement of technology, including advanced materials and nuclear fuels, remains central to the industry's success. Enhancing the accident tolerance of light water reactors (LWRs) became a topic of serious discussion following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, resulting tsunami, and subsequent damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant complex. The overall goal for the development of accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) for LWRs is to identify alternative fuel system technologies to further enhance the safety, competitiveness, and economics of commercial nuclear power. Designed for use in the current fleet of commercial LWRs or in reactor concepts with design certifications (GEN-III+), fuels with enhanced accident tolerance would endure loss of active cooling in the reactor core for a considerably longer period of time than the current fuel system while maintaining or improving performance during normal operations. The complex multiphysics behavior of LWR nuclear fuel in the integrated reactor system makes defining specific material or design improvements difficult; as such, establishing desirable performance attributes is critical in guiding the design and development of fuels and cladding with enhanced accident tolerance. Research and development of ATE in the United States is conducted under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fuel Cycle Research and Development Advanced Fuels Campaign. The DOE is sponsoring multiple teams to develop All, concepts within multiple national laboratories, universities, and the nuclear industry. Concepts under investigation offer both evolutionary and revolutionary changes to the current nuclear fuel system. This paper summarizes the technical evaluation methodology proposed in the United States to aid in the optimization and prioritization of candidate ATF designs. C1 [Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.; Carmack, W. Jon] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Todosow, Michael] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Montgomery, Robert] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Stanek, Christopher R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Montgomery, Rose] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Montgomery, Rose] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bragg-Sitton, SM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM Shannon.Bragg-Sitton@inl.gov FU DOE-NE under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the DOE-NE under DOE Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 and was performed on behalf of the FCRD AFC. Significant contributions have been made to the metrics development effort by a number of individuals across the DOE complex. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 8 U2 8 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 EI 1943-7471 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 2016 VL 195 IS 2 BP 111 EP 123 DI 10.13182/NT15-149 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA DV8VC UT WOS:000383213800001 ER PT J AU Fiedler, S AF Fiedler, Scott TI TVA Uses Advanced Technology to Store and Monitor Coal Ash SO POWER LA English DT Article C1 [Fiedler, Scott] TVA, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Fiedler, S (reprint author), TVA, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRADEFAIR GROUP PI HOUSTON PA 11000 RICHMOND, STE 500, HOUSTON, TX 77042 USA SN 0032-5929 EI 1936-7791 J9 POWER JI Power PD AUG PY 2016 VL 160 IS 8 BP 16 EP 17 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA DS7OZ UT WOS:000380974100009 ER PT J AU Laufenberg, JS Clark, JD Hooker, MJ Lowe, CL O'Connell-Goode, KC Troxler, JC Davidson, MM Chamberlain, MJ Chandler, RB AF Laufenberg, Jared S. Clark, Joseph D. Hooker, Michael J. Lowe, Carrie L. O'Connell-Goode, Kaitlin C. Troxler, Jesse C. Davidson, Maria M. Chamberlain, Michael J. Chandler, Richard B. TI Demographic Rates and Population Viability of Black Bears in Louisiana SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; capture-mark-recapture; demographics; hierarchical model; Louisiana black bear; population viability analysis; threatened species; Ursus americanus luteolus ID NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-REFUGE; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE DATA; URSUS-AMERICANUS; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LIFE-HISTORY; MORTALITY-RATES; GRIZZLY BEARS; NORTH-AMERICA AB The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) was reduced to a few small, fragmented, and isolated subpopulations in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley by the mid-twentieth century resulting from loss and fragmentation of habitat. In 1992, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) granted the Louisiana black bear threatened status under the United States Endangered Species Act of 1973. Since that time, a recovery plan was developed, a reintroduced population was established, and habitat recovery has occurred. The Recovery Plan states that a minimum of 2 populations must be viable (i.e., persistence probabilities over 100 years >0.95), 1 in the Tensas River Basin and 1 in the Atchafalaya River Basin. Consequently, our objectives were to 1) estimate demographic rates of Louisiana black bear subpopulations, 2) develop data-driven stochastic population projection models, and 3) determine how different projection model assumptions affect population trajectories and predictions about long-term persistence. Our overall goal was to assess long-term persistence of the bear subpopulations in Louisiana, individually and as a whole. We collected data using varying combinations of non-invasive DNA sampling, live capture, winter den visits, and radio monitoring from 2002 to 2012 in the 4 areas currently supporting breeding subpopulations in Louisiana: Tensas River Basin (TRB), Upper Atchafalaya River Basin (UARB), Lower Atchafalaya River Basin (LARB), and a recently reintroduced population at the Three Rivers Complex (TRC). From 2002 to 2012, we radio monitored fates of 86 adult females within the TRB and 43 in the TRC. Mean estimates of annual adult survival for the TRB and TRC were 0.997 and 0.990, respectively, when unknown fates were assumed alive and 0.970 and 0.926 when unknown fates were assumed dead. From 2003 to 2013, we observed 130 cub litters from 74 females in the TRB, and 74 cub litters from 45 females in the TRC. During the same period, we observed 43 yearling litters for 33 females in the TRB and 21 yearling litters for 19 females in the TRC. The estimated number of cubs and number of yearlings produced per breeding adult female was 0.47 and 0.20, respectively, in the TRB and 0.32 and 0.18 in the TRC. On the basis of matrix projection models, asymptotic growth rates ranged from 1.053 to 1.078 for the TRB and from 1.005 to 1.062 for the TRC, depending on how we treated unresolved fates of adult females. Persistence probabilities estimated from stochastic population models based on telemetry data ranged from 0.997 to 0.998 for the TRC subpopulation depending on model assumptions and were > 0.999 for the TRB regardless of model assumptions. We extracted DNA from hair collected at baited, barbed-wire enclosures in the TRB, UARB, and LARB to determine individual identities for capture-mark-recapture (CMR) analysis. We used those detection histories to estimate apparent survival (phi), per-capita recruitment (f), abundance (N), realized growth rate (lambda), and long-term viability, based on Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods that allowed estimation of temporal process variance and parameter uncertainty. Based on 23,312 hair samples, annual N for females in the TRB ranged from 133 to 164 during 2006-2012, depending on year and how detection heterogeneity was modeled. Geometric mean of lambda ranged from 0.996 to 1.002. In the UARB, we collected 11,643 hair samples from 2007 to 2012, from which estimates of N for females ranged from 23 to 43 during the study period, depending on detection heterogeneity model. The geometric mean of lambda ranged from 1.038 to 1.059. Estimated N for females in LARB ranged from 69 to 96, and annual lambda ranged from 0.80 to 1.11 based on 3,698 hair samples collected during 2010-2012, also depending on year and heterogeneity model. Probabilities of persistence over 100 years for the TRC and TRB based on stochastic matrix projection models that used vital rate estimates from telemetry data were >0.95 for all scenarios. Probability of persistence at the TRB and the UARB based on projection models that used vital rate estimates from CMR analyses ranged from 0.928 to 0.954 and from 0.906 to 0.959, respectively, depending on model assumptions. Data from the LARB were insufficient for a viability assessment. Thus, individual persistence probabilities for TRB and UARB did not meet the strict definition of viability (i.e., >0.95) under some model assumptions. However, the joint probability of bears persisting either in the TRB or UARB was >0.993 assuming individual population dynamics were independent and was >0.958 assuming dynamics were perfectly correlated. Furthermore, including the TRC increased the joint probability of bears persisting somewhere in the TRB, UARB, or TRC to > 0.999 based on the most pessimistic individual persistence estimates from those subpopulations. Therefore, if the intent of specifying that 2 subpopulations should be viable was to ensure the persistence of Louisiana black bears somewhere within its historical range, then the viability threshold was met. (C) 2016 The Wildlife Society. C1 [Laufenberg, Jared S.; Hooker, Michael J.; Lowe, Carrie L.; O'Connell-Goode, Kaitlin C.; Troxler, Jesse C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Clark, Joseph D.] Univ Tennessee, US Geol Survey, Northern Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Southern Appalachian Res Branch, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Davidson, Maria M.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Suite 126, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Hooker, Michael J.; Chamberlain, Michael J.; Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Laufenberg, Jared S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lowe, Carrie L.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2315 North Discovery Pl, Spokane Valley, WA 99216 USA. [O'Connell-Goode, Kaitlin C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, 350 Carrol St, Eastpoint, FL 32328 USA. [Troxler, Jesse C.] Tennessee Valley Author, 400 West Summit Hill Dr,WT 11C-K, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Laufenberg, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jlaufenb@vols.utk.edu FU Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Roy O. Martin Timber Company; Black Bear Conservation Coalition; CoyPu Foundation; Louisiana State University; University of Tennessee; U.S. Geological Survey FX Funding was provided by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Roy O. Martin Timber Company, Black Bear Conservation Coalition, the CoyPu Foundation, Louisiana State University, University of Tennessee, and U.S. Geological Survey. Special thanks go to D. Fuller (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) for logistical and contractual assistance and to T. White (University of Tennessee) who provided administrative support throughout this project. We gratefully acknowledge K. Van Why, J. F. Benson, S. Ginger, J. Yarkovich, A. C. Crook, and D. Gammons who collected much of the data for the study. We thank the many technicians and land owners that contributed to this project for their hard work and hospitality, respectively. Thanks also go to D. Paetkau for guidance with population genetics analyses and to J. Goad for conducting aerial telemetry. N. Andre and X. Velez-Liendo provided translations of the abstract. Finally, we extend our appreciation to the editor and 2 anonymous referees for their constructive and insightful comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 145 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 41 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JUL PY 2016 VL 194 IS 1 BP 1 EP 37 DI 10.1002/wmon.1018 PG 37 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA DP1TX UT WOS:000378273400001 ER PT J AU Tri, AN Sands, JP Buelow, MC DeMaso, SJ Belser, EH Hernandez, F Brennan, LA AF Tri, Andrew N. Sands, Joseph P. Buelow, Michael C. DeMaso, Stephen J. Belser, Emily H. Hernandez, Fidel Brennan, Leonard A. TI Influence of Aridity and Weather on Breeding-Season Survival of Northern Bobwhites in South Texas, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Survival; Colinus virginianus; linear models; bobwhite; weather ID COLINUS-VIRGINIANUS; ABUNDANCE; PRECIPITATION; VEGETATION; RATIOS AB Understanding vital rates of wildlife populations is essential for developing realistic management objectives. We conducted an analysis of data from four northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus research projects conducted in South Texas to examine the extent that environmental factors (total seasonal precipitation, mean maximum seasonal temperature, growing-season length, and Keetch-Byram drought index values) influenced survival during the 5-mo (April-August) breeding season. We constructed generalized logistic mixed models and compared them using Akaike's Information Coefficient to rank their parsimony. Our selected model (cumulative breeding-season survival = bobwhite sex + growing season length [days of photosynthetic activity] + Keetch-Byram Drought Index score [averaged from April to August] + site-specific effects of each ranch) explained 35.3% of the total variation in the data set. Breeding season survival was positively related to growing season length (beta = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.00-0.02), and negatively related to Keetch-Byram Drought Index score (beta = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.01 to -0.01; rounded to two digits). Managers cannot control weather, but the ability to account for nearly one-third of variation in breeding season survival from weather, sex, and site-specific effects of the ranch refines our understanding of factors that influence bobwhite population dynamics in South Texas. C1 [Tri, Andrew N.; Sands, Joseph P.; Buelow, Michael C.; DeMaso, Stephen J.; Belser, Emily H.; Hernandez, Fidel; Brennan, Leonard A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Wildlife & Rangeland Sci, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Tri, Andrew N.] Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1201 East Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Sands, Joseph P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 911 NE 11th Ave, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Buelow, Michael C.] Tennessee Valley Author, 4537 Ft Campbell Blvd,BCC 1A, Hopkinsville, KY 42240 USA. [DeMaso, Stephen J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Gulf Coast Joint Venture, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Tri, AN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Wildlife & Rangeland Sci, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, MSC 218,700 Univ Blvd, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA.; Tri, AN (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, 1201 East Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM Andrew.tri@state.mn.us FU Richard M. Kleberg Jr. Center for Quail Research; Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute; South Texas Quail Associates Program; Texas Quail Coalition; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department; Houston Safari Club; C.C. Winn Endowed Chair; Alfred C. Glassell Jr. Endowed Professorship FX The Richard M. Kleberg Jr. Center for Quail Research, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, South Texas Quail Associates Program, Texas Quail Coalition, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and Houston Safari Club provided support for this project. We thank B. Ballard and W. Kuvlesky, Jr. for reviewing various drafts of this manuscript and assistance with this publication. We also thank all of the anonymous reviewers for their comments and editorial assistance.; The C.C. Winn Endowed Chair supported LAB, and the Alfred C. Glassell Jr. Endowed Professorship supported FH. This manuscript is Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Publication Number 13-121. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD JUN PY 2016 VL 7 IS 1 BP 107 EP 116 DI 10.3996/012014-JFWM-092 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA DO9CT UT WOS:000378082600010 ER PT J AU Smith, JG Baker, TF Murphy, CA Jetty, RT AF Smith, John G. Baker, Tyler F. Murphy, Cheryl A. Jetty, R. Trent TI SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TRENDS IN CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS IN HEXAGENIA NYMPHS FOLLOWING A COAL ASH SPILL AT THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY'S KINGSTON FOSSIL PLANT SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Coal ash; Metals; Contaminants; Exposure; Mayfly nymphs; Ecotoxicology ID WATTS BAR RESERVOIR; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; LAKE ST-CLAIR; FLY-ASH; PARTICLE-SIZE; METAL BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMICAL CONTROL; BED SEDIMENT; TRACE-METALS AB A dike failure at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant in East Tennessee, United States, in December 2008, released approximately 4.1 million m(3) of coal ash into the Emory River. From 2009 through 2012, samples of mayfly nymphs (Hexagenia bilineata) were collected each spring from sites in the Emory, Clinch, and Tennessee Rivers upstream and downstream of the spill. Samples were analyzed for 17 metals. Concentrations of metals were generally highest the first 2 miles downstream of the spill, and then decreased with increasing distance from the spill. Arsenic, B, Ba, Be, Mo, Sb, Se, Sr, and V appeared to have strong ash signatures, whereas Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb appeared to be associated with ash and other sources. However, the concentrations for most of these contaminants were modest and are unlikely to cause widespread negative ecological effects. Trends in Hg, Cd, and Zn suggested little (Hg) or no (Cd, Zn) association with ash. Temporal trends suggested that concentrations of ash-related contaminants began to subside after 2010, but because of the limited time period of that analysis (4 yr), further monitoring is needed to verify this trend. The present study provides important information on the magnitude of contaminant exposure to aquatic receptors from a major coal ash spill, as well as spatial and temporal trends for transport of the associated contaminants in a large open watershed. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. C1 [Smith, John G.; Jetty, R. Trent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Baker, Tyler F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Smith, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM smithjg@ornl.gov FU Tennessee Valley Authority; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The present study was sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority. Many Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Tennessee Valley Authority staff, as well as subcontractors, assisted with field and/or laboratory work, but special thanks go to A. Fortner and G. Morris (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) for their assistance throughout the project. M. Peterson, R. McManamay, and C. Brandt (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) provided many useful suggestions on content and data analysis. The comments and suggestions provided by T. Mathews (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), B. Pracheil (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), and N. Carriker (Tennessee Valley Authority) in their reviews of an early draft were invaluable. Finally, the reviews and many good comments of 3 anonymous reviewers greatly improved this manuscript. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 35 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1171 DI 10.1002/etc.3253 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA DJ9QH UT WOS:000374547500016 PM 26387560 ER PT J AU Trigiano, RN Bernard, EC Hadziabdic, D Dattilo, AJ Wadl, PA AF Trigiano, R. N. Bernard, E. C. Hadziabdic, D. Dattilo, A. J. Wadl, P. A. TI First Report of Powdery Mildew on Whorled Sunflower (Helianthus verticillatus) Caused by Golovinomyces ambrosiae. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Trigiano, R. N.; Bernard, E. C.; Hadziabdic, D.; Wadl, P. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dattilo, A. J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Biol Compliance, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2016 VL 100 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1018 DI 10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1269-PDN PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA DJ1ME UT WOS:000373966100046 ER PT J AU Betsinger, TK Harle, MS AF Betsinger, Tracy K. Harle, Michaelyn S. TI Babies, Culture, and Identity: An Analysis of Perinatal Mortuary Patterns SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 85th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 13-16, 2016 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [Betsinger, Tracy K.] SUNY Coll Oneonta, Dept Anthropol, Oneonta, NY 13820 USA. [Harle, Michaelyn S.] Tennessee Valley Author, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 159 SU 62 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA DF3OW UT WOS:000371255200081 ER PT J AU King, KA Harle, MS AF King, Kathryn A. Harle, Michaelyn S. TI Population affinities and postcranial variation in the southeastern Archaic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 85th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 13-16, 2016 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [King, Kathryn A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Sociol & Anthropol, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Harle, Michaelyn S.] Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Cultural Compliance, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 EI 1096-8644 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PD MAR PY 2016 VL 159 SU 62 BP 191 EP 191 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA DF3OW UT WOS:000371255201331 ER PT J AU Papic, M Clemons, M Ekisheva, S Langthorn, J Ly, T Pakeltis, M Quest, R Schaller, J Till, D Weisman, K AF Papic, M. Clemons, M. Ekisheva, S. Langthorn, J. Ly, T. Pakeltis, M. Quest, R. Schaller, J. Till, D. Weisman, K. GP IEEE TI Transmission Availability Data System (TADS) Reporting and Data Analysis SO 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROBABILISTIC METHODS APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEMS (PMAPS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS) CY OCT 16-20, 2016 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Automatic and non-automatic outages; momentary and sustained outages; outage data; performance indicators; transmission equipment; TADS AB This paper describes the inception and basic structure of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Transmission Availability Data System (TADS) and ongoing activities carried out by the NERC TADS Working Group (WG). TADS data was first collected in 2008 after the NERC Board of Trustees approved the collection of TADS data. This paper presents an overview of basic concepts incorporated into the TADS collection system to uniformly and consistently quantify the reliability performance of the North American bulk transmission system. This paper discusses the categorization of transmission outage events including basic definitions of reliability indicators. Additionally, analysis results obtained from outage data collected in TADS during the period 2010-2014 are presented. C1 [Papic, M.] Idaho Power, Boise, ID 83709 USA. [Clemons, M.] TVA, Knoxville, TN USA. [Ekisheva, S.; Ly, T.; Till, D.] North Amer Elect Reliabil Corp NERC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Langthorn, J.] Oklahoma Gas & Elect Co, Oklahoma City, OK USA. [Pakeltis, M.] Ctr Point Energy, Houston, TX USA. [Quest, R.] Midwest Reliabil Org, Houston, MN USA. [Schaller, J.] Hydro One, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Weisman, K.] Amer Transmiss Co, Madison, WI USA. RP Papic, M (reprint author), Idaho Power, Boise, ID 83709 USA. EM mpapic@idahopower.com; msclemons@tva.gov; svetlana.ekisheva@nerc.net; langthjs@oge.com; Trinh.Ly@nerc.net; michael.pakeltis@centerpointenergy.com; RP.Quest@MidwestReliability.org; jeff.schaller@hydroone.com; David.Till@nerc.net; kweisman@atelle.com FU NERC FX The authors acknowledge the support of their respective companies including the NERC. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-1970-0 PY 2016 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG8IQ UT WOS:000392327900016 ER PT J AU Rylander, M Smith, J Sunderman, W Smith, D Glass, J AF Rylander, Matthew Smith, Jeff Sunderman, Wes Smith, David Glass, Jim GP IEEE TI Application of New Method for Distribution-Wide Assessment of Distributed Energy Resources SO 2016 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (T&D) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D) CY MAY 03-05, 2016 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE Distributed energy resources; Distribution system; Hosting capacity; Photovoltaics; Software AB Determining the impacts of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), both adverse and beneficial, on distribution systems is straightforward and well documented for single DER systems on single distribution feeders. More complex techniques have been developed and implemented for multiple DER systems on multiple feeders that capture the critical aspects including the DER characteristics, DER size and location of interconnection, as well as the unique distribution feeder and its design and operating characteristics. These complex techniques can require significant time and resources. Systematic methods for analyzing the immense number of scenarios that comprise distribution systems are needed. This paper outlines the components and application of a new method that can be efficiently applied for a distribution-wide assessment of DER. Example results through implementation in an actual distribution system are shown. C1 [Rylander, Matthew; Smith, Jeff; Sunderman, Wes] Elect Power Res Inst, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Smith, David] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Glass, Jim] EPB, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Rylander, M (reprint author), Elect Power Res Inst, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM mrylander@epri.com; jsmith@epri.com; wsunderman@epri.com; ddsmith@tva.gov; glassjb@epb.net NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-5090-2157-4 PY 2016 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BG1NR UT WOS:000386922500137 ER PT B AU Lutz, RJ Williamson, BT AF Lutz, Robert J., Jr. Williamson, Bill T. GP ASME TI THE IMPORTANCE OF RELIABLE INDICATIONS FOR ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, 2016, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUN 26-30, 2016 CL Charlotte, NC SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engn, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The accidents at the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) and Fukushima Daiichi Units 1, 2, and 3 demonstrate the critical importance of accurate, relevant, and timely information on the status of reactor systems during a severe accident. There is evidence that the failure of key instrumentation to provide reliable information to the control room licensed operators contributed to the severity of the accident at both TMI and Fuskushima Daiichi. These events also highlight the critical importance of understanding and focusing on the key elements of system status information in an environment where operators may be overwhelmed with superfluous and sometimes conflicting data and yet have to make urgent decisions. While progress in these areas has been made since TMI-2, the accident at Fukushima suggests there may still be some potential for further improvement in critical plant instrumentation. As a result, several approaches are being employed to provide better information to emergency response personnel during a severe accident. The first approach being taken by the PWROG and BWROG is the identification of methods to obtain information related to key plant parameters when there is a loss of dc power for instrumentation and control. The FLEX guidance in NEI 12-06 requires that reliable instrumentation be available to ensure core, containment and spent fuel pool cooling is maintained for the beyond design basis events for which FLEX was intended. For the most part, this instrumentation that is important for FLEX is the same instrumentation that is used for diagnosis of severe accident conditions and challenges to fission product barriers. Generic FLEX Support Guidelines have been developed to provide a uniform basis for plants to meet the NEI 12-06 requirements that includes methods to obtain key parameter values in the event of a loss of all dc instrument power. The PWROG and the BWROG have also taken a complimentary approach to provide Technical Support Guidance (TSG) for instrumentation during a severe accident. This approach identifies the primary instrumentation as well as alternate instrumentation and other tools to validate the indications from the primary instrumentation. The validation consists of: a) comparing the primary instrument indications to the alternate instrumentation, b) comparing instrument indications to related instrumentation, c) comparing instrument indications and trends to expected trends based on the accident progression and actions already implemented, and d) comparing instrument indications to information in calculational aids. C1 [Lutz, Robert J., Jr.] Lutz Consultants, 256 Millbrae Loop, Hendersonville, NC 28791 USA. [Williamson, Bill T.] Tennessee Valley Author, Browns Ferry Nucl Plant, Athens, AL 35614 USA. RP Lutz, RJ (reprint author), Lutz Consultants, 256 Millbrae Loop, Hendersonville, NC 28791 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5004-6 PY 2016 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG2AY UT WOS:000387190900053 ER PT B AU Svensson, E Halcomb, DC AF Svensson, Eric Halcomb, D. Chad GP ASME TI POST MORTEM OF A FEEDWATER HEATER WITH DRAINS COOLER FAILURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2015 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 2015 Power Conference, POWER2015 CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2015 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME, Power Div AB The Paradise Generation Station Unit 3 is a supercritical fossil plant with a 1,078 MW rated capacity. The #3B feedwater heater (FWH) is a two-zone (condensing and subcooling) horizontal FWH and is the second of four high pressure (HP) FWHs after the boiler feed pump in the "B" string, one of two HP FWH strings (See Figure A2 at the end of this paper for an outline drawing of the heater. The heater has 1447 SA-556-C2 Carbon Steel tubes, 3/4 '' OD x 0.085 mm wall. The heater was built in late 2006/early 2007 and was installed in summer 2007. After just a few years of operation, the #3B FWH experienced several failures at the entrance to the drain cooler (DC) zone. The #3A FWH, of identical construction and built and installed at the same time, did not show the same level of damage. In order to determine the failure mechanisms involved, a postmortem of the heater was performed. This paper shall discuss the post-mortem inspection conducted as well as the suspected and confirmed causes of failure in the heater. C1 [Svensson, Eric] Powerfect Inc, Brick, NJ USA. [Halcomb, D. Chad] TVA, Paradise, KY USA. RP Svensson, E (reprint author), Powerfect Inc, Brick, NJ USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5660-4 PY 2016 AR V001T04A003 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE6DW UT WOS:000373970600039 ER PT S AU Gruzalski, JG Markwiese, JT Carriker, NE Rogers, WJ Vitale, RJ Thal, DI AF Gruzalski, Jacob G. Markwiese, James T. Carriker, Neil E. Rogers, William J. Vitale, Rock J. Thal, David I. BE DeVoogt, P TI Pore Water Collection, Analysis and Evolution: The Need for Standardization SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 237 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ACID-VOLATILE SULFIDE; SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA; BIOTIC LIGAND MODEL; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; TECHNICAL BASIS; FRESH-WATER; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION; CADMIUM ACCUMULATION; DAPHNIA-MAGNA C1 [Gruzalski, Jacob G.; Thal, David I.] Environm Stand Inc, 8331 E Walker Springs Lane,Suite 402, Knoxville, TN 37923 USA. [Markwiese, James T.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Carriker, Neil E.] Tennessee Valley Author, Harriman, TN 37448 USA. [Rogers, William J.] Restorat Serv Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Vitale, Rock J.] Environm Stand Inc, Valley Forge, PA 19482 USA. RP Gruzalski, JG (reprint author), Environm Stand Inc, 8331 E Walker Springs Lane,Suite 402, Knoxville, TN 37923 USA. EM jgruzalski@envstd.com; jim.markwiese@gmail.com; necarriker@tva.gov; William.Rogers@ettp.doe.gov; rvitale@envstd.com; dthal@envstd.com NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 13 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0179-5953 BN 978-3-319-23573-8; 978-3-319-23572-1 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2016 VL 237 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BE2OH UT WOS:000369711200004 PM 26613987 ER PT J AU Baker, TF Cagley, AM Carriker, NE Jones, DS Sherrard, RM Stojak, AR Walls, SJ AF Baker, Tyler F. Cagley, A. Michelle Carriker, Neil E. Jones, Daniel S. Sherrard, Rick M. Stojak, Amber R. Walls, Suzanne J. TI Comment on TVA Kingston Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Letter ID COAL FLY-ASH; WATTS BAR RESERVOIR; SPILL SITE; SELENIUM BIOACCUMULATION; TENNESSEE; SEDIMENT; EXPOSURE; METALS; METALLOIDS; COMMUNITY C1 [Baker, Tyler F.; Sherrard, Rick M.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Cagley, A. Michelle; Carriker, Neil E.] Tennessee Valley Author, Kingston Ash Recovery Project, Harriman, TN 37748 USA. [Jones, Daniel S.; Stojak, Amber R.; Walls, Suzanne J.] ARCADIS US, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA. RP Carriker, NE (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Kingston Ash Recovery Project, 714 Swan Pond Rd, Harriman, TN 37748 USA. EM necarriker@tva.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2015 VL 207 BP 429 EP 430 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.022 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA CY7VN UT WOS:000366617500049 PM 25798943 ER PT J AU McManamay, RA Peoples, BK Orth, DJ Dolloff, CA Matthews, DC AF McManamay, Ryan A. Peoples, Brandon K. Orth, Donald J. Dolloff, Charles A. Matthews, David C. TI Isolating causal pathways between flow and fish in the regulated river hierarchy SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; MODIFYING DAM OPERATIONS; UNITED-STATES; STREAM FISHES; POPULATION REGULATION; ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; ASSEMBLAGE RESPONSE; HABITAT USE; REGIMES AB Unregulated river systems are organized in a hierarchy in which large-scale factors (i.e., landscape and segment scales) influence local habitats (i.e., reach, meso-, and microhabitat scales), and both differentially exert selective pressures on biota. Dams, however, create discontinua in these processes and change the hierarchical structure. We examined the relative roles of hydrology and other instream factors, within a hierarchical landscape context, in organizing fish communities in regulated and unregulated tributaries to the Upper Tennessee River, USA. We used multivariate regression trees to identify factors that partition fish assemblages based on trait similarities, irrespective of spatial scale. We then used classical path analysis and structural equation modeling to evaluate the most plausible hierarchical causal structure of specific trait-based community components, given the data. Both statistical approaches suggested that river regulation affects stream fishes through a variety of reach-scale variables, not always through hydrology itself. Although we observed different changes in flow, temperature, and biotic responses according to regulation types, the most predominant path in which dam regulation affected biota was via temperature alterations. Diversion dams had the strongest effects on fish assemblages. Diversion dams reduced flow magnitudes, leading to declines in fish richness but increased temperatures, leading to lower abundances in equilibrium species and nest guarders. Peaking and run-of-river dams increased flow variability, leading to lower abundances in nest-guarding fishes. Flow displayed direct relationships with biotic responses; however, results indicated that changes in temperature and substrate had equal, if not stronger, effects on fish assemblage composition. The strength and nature of relationships depended on whether flow metrics were standardized for river size. We suggest that restoration efforts in regulated rivers focus on improving flow conditions in conjunction with temperature and substrate restoration. C1 [McManamay, Ryan A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Peoples, Brandon K.; Orth, Donald J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, Charles A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Matthews, David C.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP McManamay, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008 MS6351, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcmanamayra@ornl.gov OI Orth, Donald/0000-0002-9236-0147 FU Cheoah Fund Board; USDA Forest Service; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was funded by the Cheoah Fund Board, a multiagency collaboration between Alcoa Power, USDA Forest Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, and the NC Division of Water Resources-DENR, and by other grants provided by the USDA Forest Service. We are thankful for the valuable input from Paul Angermeier and Emmanuel Frimpong on earlier versions of this work. In addition, we thank Charles Saylor for his comments concerning fish assemblage sampling procedures. We also thank Tyler Young, Toby Coyner, David Belkoski, and Adam Hart for their assistance with field work. This manuscript has been authored by an employee of UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan). NR 95 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 34 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD NOV PY 2015 VL 72 IS 11 BP 1731 EP 1748 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2015-0227 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CV2RL UT WOS:000364104300012 ER PT J AU Goliff, WS Luria, M Blake, DR Zielinska, B Hallar, G Valente, RJ Lawson, CV Stockwell, WR AF Goliff, Wendy S. Luria, Menachem Blake, Donald R. Zielinska, Barbara Hallar, Gannet Valente, Ralph J. Lawson, Charlene V. Stockwell, William R. TI Nighttime air quality under desert conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Nighttime chemistry; Nitrate radical; Free troposphere; 0-D modeling; Tropospheric measurements ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; CHEMISTRY; NO3; N2O5; RADICALS; MECHANISM; CAMPAIGN; PROTOCOL AB Nighttime concentrations of the gas phase nitrate radical (NO3) were successfully measured during a four week field campaign in an arid urban location, Reno Nevada, using long-path Differential Optical Absorbance Spectrometry (DOAS). While typical concentrations of NO3 ranged from 5 to 20 ppt, elevated concentrations were observed during a wildfire event. Horizontal mixing in the free troposphere was considerable because the sampling site was above the stable nocturnal boundary layer every night and this justified a box modeling approach. Process analysis of box model simulations showed NO3 accounted for approximately half of the loss of internal olefins, 60% of the isoprene loss, and 85% of the alpha-pinene loss during the nighttime hours during a typical night of the field study. The NO3 + aldehyde reactions were not as important as anticipated. On a polluted night impacted by wildfires upwind of the sampling location, NO3 reactions were more important. Model simulations overpredicted NO2 concentrations for both case studies and inorganic chemistry was the biggest influence on NO3 concentrations and on nitric acid formation. The overprediction may be due to additional NO2 loss processes that were not included in the box model, as deposition and N2O5 uptake had no significant effect on NO2 levels. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Goliff, Wendy S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Luria, Menachem] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Zielinska, Barbara; Hallar, Gannet; Stockwell, William R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Valente, Ralph J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Lawson, Charlene V.; Stockwell, William R.] Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Lawson, Charlene V.] Shell Global Solut US, Environm Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Goliff, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Coll Engn, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM wendyg@cert.ucr.edu RI Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012; OI Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056; Stockwell, William/0000-0002-7509-6575 FU NSF [0701221, 0653997]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA11SEC4810003]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Facilities Depaitsitent at the Desert Research Institute for remodeling the Science Tower specifically for the purposes of conducting the field campaign discussed in this manuscript. We also thank Dr. Ming Xiao for assistance with the SMPS data, Dr. David DuBois for assistance with the ceilometer data, and Ms. Michelle Breckner for her assistance with the miniSODAR at Desert Research Institute. NSF provided funding through NSF Award Number: 0701221 for this project and the NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates program to the Desert Research Institute. NSF provided funding through NSF Award Number: 0653997 for this project. The authors thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for a grant to Howard University's NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences (NA11SEC4810003) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for a grant to "Howard University Beltsville Center for Climate System Observation," these grants helped support the data analysis. The authors thank Howard University graduate student Tatiana D. Gonzalez for helpful discussions. The authors also thank University of Nevada Reno undergraduate student Ramona Hull for assistance in running the SBOX model for the case studies. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not reflect the policy of any government agency. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2015 VL 114 BP 102 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.041 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL5HS UT WOS:000356991000012 ER PT J AU Lagendijk, V AF Lagendijk, Vincent TI The electric crossing of the Pyrenees: History of interconnection between the France and the Spain SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Lagendijk, Vincent] Maastricht Univ, Maastricht, Netherlands. RP Lagendijk, V (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Transnat Hist, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X EI 1097-3729 J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 56 IS 3 BP 769 EP 770 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA CQ0AK UT WOS:000360256800019 ER PT J AU Shea, CP Bettoli, PW Potoka, KM Saylor, CF Shute, PW AF Shea, C. P. Bettoli, P. W. Potoka, K. M. Saylor, C. F. Shute, P. W. TI Use of Dynamic Occupancy Models to Assess the Response of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae) to Varying Hydrothermal Conditions in a Southeastern United States Tailwater SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE stream fishes; patch dynamics; water resource management; regulated rivers ID STREAM-FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; WARMWATER STREAMS; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RATES; ETHEOSTOMA-RUBRUM; SPATIAL POSITION; RIVER SYSTEMS; BAYOU DARTER; FLOW REGIME AB During the past 100years, most large rivers in North America have been altered for flood control, hydropower, navigation or water supply development. Although these activities clearly provide important human services, their associated environmental disturbances can profoundly affect stream-dwelling organisms. We used dynamic multi-species occupancy models combined with a trait-based approach to estimate the influence of site-level and species-level characteristics on patch dynamic rates for 15 darter species native to the Elk River, a large, flow-regulated Tennessee River tributary in Tennessee and Alabama. Dynamic occupancy modelling results indicated that for every 2.5 degrees C increase in stream temperature, darters were 3.94 times more likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. Additionally, large-bodied darter species were 3.72 times more likely to colonize stream reaches compared with small-bodied species, but crevice-spawning darter species were 5.24 times less likely to colonize previously unoccupied stream reaches. In contrast, darters were 2.21 times less likely to become locally extinct for every 2.5 degrees C increase in stream temperature, but high stream discharge conditions elevated the risk of local extinction. Lastly, the presence of populations in neighbouring upstream study reaches contributed to a lower risk of extinction, whereas the presence of populations in neighbouring downstream study reaches contributed to higher rates of colonization. Our study demonstrates the application of a trait-based approach combined with a metapopulation framework to assess the patch dynamics of darters in a regulated river. Results from our study will provide a baseline for evaluating the ecological consequences of alternative dam operations. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shea, C. P.; Potoka, K. M.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Bettoli, P. W.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Saylor, C. F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Shute, P. W.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Cookeville, TN USA. RP Shea, CP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USGS Southeast Climate Sci Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM cshea@tntech.edu FU US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; TVA; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency; Tennessee Technological University FX This project was funded by a grant from the US Geological Survey with funds provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the TVA. We are grateful to Jim Peterson for assistance with modelling and statistical analysis. We also thank Colleen Montgomery for providing stream discharge data for TFD. Yoichiro Kanno, Rebecca Johansen, John Johansen, Jim Layzer, Patrick Rakes, Todd Shaw, J. R. Shute and Jason Wisniewski also provided helpful comments and suggestions. Earlier drafts of the manuscript were improved with suggestions from Mary Freeman, Hayden Mattingly and an anonymous reviewer. Any use of trade, firm or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. The Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit is jointly sponsored by the US Geological Survey, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and Tennessee Technological University. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JUL PY 2015 VL 31 IS 6 BP 676 EP 691 DI 10.1002/rra.2766 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA CM6LF UT WOS:000357799300003 ER PT J AU Hepp, TE Vimmerstedt, JP Smalley, GW McNab, WH AF Hepp, Todd E. Vimmerstedt, John P. Smalley, Glendon W. McNab, W. Henry TI Estimating Yields of Unthinned Eastern White Pine Plantations from Current Stocking in the Southern Appalachians SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE basal area; board foot volume; cubic volume; Pinus strobus; site quality; survival ID HEIGHT-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES AB Eastern white pine (Pious strobus L.) is a highly productive native conifer of the southern Appalachian Mountains that has long been established in plantations for conventional purposes of afforestation and timber production and potentially for carbon sequestration both within and outside its natural range. Growth-and-yield models are not available, however, for use by land managers to evaluate potential economic value of plantations established on sites of various qualities over time. Data from 78 plantations in the southern Appalachian Mountains of Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia were used to develop models for estimation of survival, basal area, and yields of cubic and board feet as functions of stand age, site quality, and stocking. Stand structure and volume yields were strongly related to stand age and site quality. Compared to plantations on sites of lower quality, stands on good sites had lower survival but higher basal area stocking, cubic volume, and sawtimber yields. C1 [Hepp, Todd E.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Vimmerstedt, John P.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Smalley, Glendon W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Sewanee, TN USA. [McNab, W. Henry] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Res Stn, Asheville, NC USA. EM hmcnab@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2015 VL 61 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.5849/forsci.13-620 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA CB4HZ UT WOS:000349590100012 ER PT J AU Schindfessel, L De Mulder, T Creelle, S Schohl, GA AF Schindfessel, Laurent De Mulder, Tom Creelle, Stephan Schohl, Gerald A. TI On analytical formulae for navigation lock filling-emptying and overtravel SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE overtravel; filling time; navigation lock; Culvert; inertia ID CHAMBER AB In culvert-based navigation lock filling-emptying systems, inertia effects have a significant influence on the filling-emptying time and cause a (damped) oscillation of the water surface in the lock chamber around its equalization level, referred to as the overtravel phenomenon. In this paper, the derivation of analytical formulae for the lock filling-emptying time and overtravel peak of systems consisting of a number of identical culverts is revisited. In comparison to earlier publications, the underlying assumptions are made explicit and the importance of accounting for the surface area ratio of lock chamber to upper reservoir in case of filling (or lower reservoir in case of emptying) is pointed out. Additionally, it is shown how the applicability of the analytical formulae can be extended to lock filling-emptying systems with more complex lay-outs by using an "equivalent culvert" approach. The validity of the analytical formulae is thoroughly assessed, first by comparing to an accurate numerical solution of the governing non-linear second-order differential equations, and second, by means of experiments in a physical model. C1 [Schindfessel, Laurent; De Mulder, Tom; Creelle, Stephan] Univ Ghent, Dept Civil Engn, Hydraul Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Schohl, Gerald A.] Tennessee Valley Author Engn Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Schindfessel, L (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Dept Civil Engn, Hydraul Lab, Sint Pietersnieuwstr 41 B5, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. EM laurent.schindfessel@ugent.be; tomfo.demulder@ugent.be; stephan.creelle@ugent.be; jschohl@usit.net NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1686 EI 1814-2079 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PD JAN 2 PY 2015 VL 53 IS 1 BP 134 EP 148 DI 10.1080/00221686.2014.939112 PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA CF9BG UT WOS:000352856000011 ER PT J AU Phillips, J Ryan, M Glass, D AF Phillips, Jeffery Ryan, Mark Glass, Doyle BE Lynch, OJ TI Thinking Outside the Box: Tennessee Valley Authority Uses the ACCR Conductor on a 500-kV Transmission Line SO ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION AND SUBSTATION STRUCTURES 2015: TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN GRID MODERNIZATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electrical Transmission and Substation Structures Conference CY SEP 27-OCT 01, 2015 CL Branson, MO SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Engn Inst, Elect Transmiss Struct Comm AB This paper covers the worlds first use of Aluminum Conductor Composite Reinforced (ACCR) conductor on a 500-kV transmission line and the first use of ACCR in a three conductor bundle. The ACCR conductor was used by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) to span over a lake utilizing existing structures while maintaining adequate clearance. The lake and surrounding land were controlled by state and federal agencies that complicated schedules and activities and threatened to delay the project. C1 [Phillips, Jeffery] Tennessee Valley Author, Transmiss Line Engn & Design Dept, 1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Ryan, Mark] 3M, 3M Ctr, Elect Markets Div, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Glass, Doyle] Hubbell Power Syst, Transmiss Connectors, Leeds, AL 35094 USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Transmiss Line Engn & Design Dept, 1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jlphillips1@tva.gov; meryan@mmm.com; jdglass@hubbell.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 978-0-7844-7941-4 PY 2015 BP 227 EP 236 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF4JQ UT WOS:000381093300019 ER PT J AU Price, E Kulasek, K Kobet, G AF Price, Elmo Kulasek, Krzysztof Kobet, Gary GP IEEE TI The Negative Branch Impedance in The Transformer Sequence Circuit Model SO 2015 68th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers 2015 CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2015 CL College Stn, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Texas A&M Univ C1 [Kulasek, Krzysztof] ABB Inc, Zurich, Switzerland. [Kobet, Gary] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Kulasek, K (reprint author), ABB Inc, Zurich, Switzerland. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8722-1 PY 2015 BP 118 EP 136 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3RX UT WOS:000380571900005 ER PT J AU Nayak, D Martha, VS Threm, D Ramaswamy, S Prince, S Fahrnberger, G AF Nayak, Deveeshree Martha, Venkata Swamy Threm, David Ramaswamy, Srini Prince, Summer Fahrnberger, Guenter GP IEEE TI Adaptive Scheduling in the Cloud - SLA for Hadoop Job Scheduling SO 2015 SCIENCE AND INFORMATION CONFERENCE (SAI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the Science and Information Conference (SAI) CY JUL 28-30, 2015 CL Science and Information Organization, London, ENGLAND SP Nvidia, IEEE, The Future & Emerging Technol FET at the European Comm, EUREKA, Cambridge Wireless, British Comp Soc, Digital Catapult, Springer, Media Partner for this conference HO Science and Information Organization DE Adaptive Scheduling; Cloud Computing; Hadoop; Scheduling; Service Level Agreement AB Hadoop is a progressively indispensable cloud-computing platform that several vendors have been offering as a service. When a consumer submits a job to Hadoop, there is no guarantee that the job will finish in a required amount of time. Given the immediate need to develop a mechanism to serve the Hadoop service with a standardized agreement between vendor and consumer, this paper proposes the Adaptive Scheduler (AS). The AS requires consumers to submit a Service Level Agreement (SLA) together with a job. The SLA is used to check whether the vendor can accommodate the job to meet the SLA. If it can, then the AS schedules and executes the job using the SLA. If not, the consumer is asked to negotiate with the AS to come up with an SLA that both parties could agree upon; pre-agreements between vendors and consumers benefit both parties. A comparative study of several existing schedulers in Hadoop demonstrates the advantages of the proposed AS. C1 [Nayak, Deveeshree] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Martha, Venkata Swamy] WalmartLabs, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Threm, David] Ash Brokerage Corp, Ft Wayne, IN USA. [Ramaswamy, Srini] ABB Inc, Cleveland, OH USA. [Prince, Summer] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Fahrnberger, Guenter] Univ Hagen, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. RP Nayak, D (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM nayak.deveeshree.2013@ieee.org; vmartha@walmartlabs.com; david.threm@ashbrokerage.com; srini@ieee.org; smprince@tva.gov; guenter.fahrnberger@fernuni-hagen.de NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-8547-0 PY 2015 BP 832 EP 837 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1ZT UT WOS:000380448800116 ER PT S AU Lutz, D Lin, YP Dunavant, R Schneider, R Yeager, H Kucuk, A Cheng, B Lemons, J AF Lutz, Dan Lin, Yang-Pi Dunavant, Randy Schneider, Rob Yeager, Hartney Kucuk, Aylin Cheng, Bo Lemons, Jim BE Comstock, R Barberis, P TI Hydriding Induced Corrosion Failures in BWR Fuel SO ZIRCONIUM IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry CY FEB 03-07, 2013 CL Hyderabad, INDIA SP ASTM Int, Comm B10 React & Refractory Met & Alloys, ASTM Int, Subcommittee B10 02 Zirconium & Hafnium DE BWR; Zircaloy-2; corrosion; hydriding; failure mechanism; secondary ion mass spectrometry; hydrogen diffusion; finite element modeling AB Fuel rods in 63 bundles failed starting in late 2001 during their second cycle of operation in a U.S. boiling water reactor (BWR). Poolside and hot cell examinations were performed on failed and non-failed bundles to understand the failure mechanism and to gain insight into the failure root cause. Results showed that the fuel cladding failed due to accelerated corrosion that resulted in the formation of localized hydrides on the outer cladding surface prior to failure. Primary cladding perforation then occurred due to cracking of the brittle hydride lenses, rather than through-wall corrosion. The specific characteristics of these nodular corrosion-related hydride failures present a new or previously unrecognized variation of a BWR cladding corrosion failure mechanism. Characteristics of the damaged rods suggested that the hydride localizations formed under the action of local thermal gradients due to local variations in oxide thickness. Finite element modeling of hydrogen diffusion under simplified conditions indicated that it is a plausible explanation for their formation. Investigations related to possible contributions of the BWR coolant chemistry on the failures led to the discovery of Li in the damaged cladding oxide at a concentration that has been associated with high corrosion rates. Based on SIMS analyses of selected rods from the affected BWR and from other unaffected BWRs, the possible role of Li in initiating elevated corrosion and in advancing corrosion to a point of failure is discussed. C1 [Lutz, Dan] Global Nucl Fuel Amer, Sunol, CA 94586 USA. [Lin, Yang-Pi; Dunavant, Randy; Schneider, Rob; Yeager, Hartney] Global Nucl Fuel Amer, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Kucuk, Aylin; Cheng, Bo] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Lemons, Jim] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Lutz, D (reprint author), Global Nucl Fuel Amer, Sunol, CA 94586 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7529-7 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2015 VL 1543 BP 1138 EP 1171 DI 10.1520/STP154320120198 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BE4GG UT WOS:000371681000040 ER PT S AU Goff, CH Eltom, AH Saeed, H AF Goff, Cassandra H. Eltom, Ahmed H. Saeed, Haytham GP IEEE TI Fast Bus Protection Using IEC 61850 SO 2015 51ST IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 11-22, 2015 CL Addison, TX SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE Fast Bus; IEC 61850; Interoperability; Time Allowed To Live; Local Area Network; Logical Node; GOOSE Message; Multicast Message; Virtual Local Area Network; Publisher; Data Set; Subscriber AB International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 is the latest technology that allows electric power utilities to build low cost digital substations. Because limited objective information is available, electric power utilities desire independent evaluations of IEC 61850 from end users. The objective of this study is to compare the IEC 61850 method to the hardwired method using actual hardware to find an optimal solution for the fast bus protection scheme. System disturbance clearing time, maintenance and construction costs, and interoperability between multivendor microprocessor-based relays were used as the criteria for this evaluation. This research measured the protection speed of the hardwired method and the IEC 61850 method for the fast bus protection scheme, utilizing relays from the same and mixed manufacturers. The results of the study show that IEC 61850 method is simple, cost efficient, and offers speed of operation comparable to the hardwired method. C1 [Goff, Cassandra H.] Tennessee Valley Author, 1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Eltom, Ahmed H.; Saeed, Haytham] Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. RP Goff, CH (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. EM chgoff@tva.gov; Ahmed-Eltom@utc.edu; Haytham-saeed@mocs.utc.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4799-8393-3 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2015 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE3MQ UT WOS:000370974600115 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Bairai, ST Mueller, SF AF Tanner, R. L. Bairai, S. T. Mueller, S. F. TI Trends in concentrations of atmospheric gaseous and particulate species in rural eastern Tennessee as related to primary emission reductions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MOUNTAINS NATIONAL-PARK; UNITED-STATES; ELEMENTAL CARBON; FOSSIL; SITE; ISOPRENE; SYSTEM; VALLEY AB Air quality measurements at Look Rock, Tennessee - on the western edge of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park - were begun in 1980 and expanded during the 1980s to a National Park Service (NPS) IMPROVE network station. Measurements were expanded again by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA, 1999-2007) to examine the effects of electric generating unit (EGU) emission reductions of SO2 and NOx on air quality at the station. Analysis of temporal trends (1999-2013) has been conducted at the site in collaboration with activities related to the 2013 Southeast Atmosphere Study (SAS) at Look Rock and other southeastern US locations. Key findings from these trend studies include the observation that primary pollutant levels have consistently tracked emission reductions from EGUs and other primary sources in the region, but reductions in secondary pollutants such as particulate sulfate and, specifically, ozone have been smaller compared to reductions in primary emissions. Organic carbonaceous material (OM) remains a major contributor (30-40% in the period 2009-2013) to fine particulate mass at the site, as confirmed by ACSM measurements at the site in 2013. A large portion (65-85 %) of carbon in OM derives from modern carbon sources based on C-14 measurements. Important parameters affecting ozone levels, fine mass, and visibility also include the specific diurnal meteorology at this ridge-top site, its location in a predominantly mixed-deciduous forest, and the presence of primary sources of precursors at distances of 50-500 km from the site in all directions. C1 [Tanner, R. L.; Bairai, S. T.; Mueller, S. F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfm-ccm@att.net FU Electric Power Research Institute; Tennessee Valley Authority management FX We are grateful for the emission data provided by the Environmental Protection Agency and the meteorological and air quality data collected and archived by the National Park Service. We applaud the foresight of previous Tennessee Valley Authority management that funded the installation and operation of the Look Rock research station to enable tracking of long-term air quality trends in the valuable resource that is the Great Smoky Mountains. We also gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication. This work was funded by the Electric Power Research Institute. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 17 BP 9781 EP 9797 DI 10.5194/acp-15-9781-2015 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CR7YH UT WOS:000361567600004 ER PT J AU Budisulistiorini, SH Li, X Bairai, ST Renfro, J Liu, Y Liu, YJ McKinney, KA Martin, ST McNeill, VF Pye, HOT Nenes, A Neff, ME Stone, EA Mueller, S Knote, C Shaw, SL Zhang, Z Gold, A Surratt, JD AF Budisulistiorini, S. H. Li, X. Bairai, S. T. Renfro, J. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. J. McKinney, K. A. Martin, S. T. McNeill, V. F. Pye, H. O. T. Nenes, A. Neff, M. E. Stone, E. A. Mueller, S. Knote, C. Shaw, S. L. Zhang, Z. Gold, A. Surratt, J. D. TI Examining the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at the Look Rock, Tennessee ground site SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL SPECIATION MONITOR; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FINE-PARTICLE WATER; REACTIVE UPTAKE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; AMBIENT AEROSOL; ORGANOSULFATE FORMATION; 2-METHYLGLYCERIC ACID AB A suite of offline and real-time gas-and particlephase measurements was deployed at Look Rock, Tennessee (TN), during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) to examine the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. High-and low-time-resolution PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of known tracer compounds in isoprene-derived SOA by gas chromatography/electron ionizationmass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection-electrospray ionization-high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/DAD-ESI-HR-QTOFMS). Source apportionment of the organic aerosol (OA) was determined by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of mass spectro-metric data acquired on an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM). Campaign average mass concentrations of the sum of quantified isoprene-derived SOA tracers contributed to similar to 9% (up to 28 %) of the total OA mass, with isoprene-epoxydiol (IEPOX) chemistry accounting for similar to 97% of the quantified tracers. PMF analysis resolved a factor with a profile similar to the IEPOX-OA factor resolved in an Atlanta study and was therefore designated IEPOX-OA. This factor was strongly correlated (r(2) > 0.7) with 2-methyltetrols, C5-alkene triols, IEPOX-derived organosulfates, and dimers of organosulfates, confirming the role of IEPOX chemistry as the source. On average, IEPOX-derived SOA tracer mass was similar to 26% (up to 49 %) of the IEPOX-OA factor mass, which accounted for 32% of the total OA. A low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA) and an oxidized factor with a profile similar to 91Fac observed in areas where emissions are biogenic-dominated were also resolved by PMF analysis, whereas no primary organic aerosol (POA) sources could be resolved. These findings were consistent with low levels of primary pollutants, such as nitric oxide (NO similar to 0.03 ppb), carbon monoxide (CO similar to 116 ppb), and black carbon (BC similar to 0.2 mu g m(-3)). Particle-phase sulfate is fairly correlated (r(2) similar to 0.3) with both methacrylic acid epoxide (MAE)/hydroxymethyl-methyl-ff lactone (HMML)-(henceforth called methacrolein (MACR)derived SOA tracers) and IEPOX-derived SOA tracers, and more strongly correlated (r(2) similar to 0.6) with the IEPOX-OA factor, in sum suggesting an important role of sulfate in isoprene SOA formation. Moderate correlation between the MACR-derived SOA tracer 2-methylglyceric acid with sum of reactive and reservoir nitrogen oxides (NOy; r(2) = 0.38) and nitrate (r(2) = 0.45) indicates the potential influence of anthropogenic emissions through long-range transport. Despite the lack of a clear association of IEPOX-OA with locally estimated aerosol acidity and liquid water content (LWC), box model calculations of IEPOX uptake using the simpleGAMMA model, accounting for the role of acidity and aerosol water, predicted the abundance of the IEPOX-derived SOA tracers 2-methyltetrols and the corresponding sulfates with good accuracy (r(2) similar to 0.5 and similar to 0.7, respectively). The modeling and data combined suggest an anthropogenic influence on isoprene-derived SOA formation through acid-catalyzed heterogeneous chemistry of IEPOX in the southeastern US. However, it appears that this process was not limited by aerosol acidity or LWC at Look Rock during SOAS. Future studies should further explore the extent to which acidity and LWC as well as aerosol viscosity and morphology becomes a limiting factor of IEPOX-derived SOA, and their modulation by anthropogenic emissions. C1 [Budisulistiorini, S. H.; Li, X.; Zhang, Z.; Gold, A.; Surratt, J. D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. [Bairai, S. T.; Mueller, S.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Renfro, J.] Natl Pk Serv, Gatlinburg, TN USA. [Liu, Y.; Liu, Y. J.; McKinney, K. A.; Martin, S. T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [McNeill, V. F.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY USA. [Budisulistiorini, S. H.; Pye, H. O. T.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Hellas, Fdn Res & Technol, ICE HT, Patras, Greece. [Neff, M. E.; Stone, E. A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Knote, C.] Univ Munich, Dept Expt Meteorol, Munich, Germany. [Shaw, S. L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Surratt, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM surratt@unc.edu RI Martin, Scot/G-1094-2015; Knote, Christoph/A-9809-2010; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009; Pye, Havala/F-5392-2012 OI Martin, Scot/0000-0002-8996-7554; Knote, Christoph/0000-0001-9105-9179; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450; Pye, Havala/0000-0002-2014-2140 FU US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [835404]; Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office [NA13OAR4310064]; Fulbright Presidential Fellowship; UNC Graduate School Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship; US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program [835401] FX This work was funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through grant number 835404. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the US EPA. Further, the US EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. The US EPA through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication, but may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. The author would also like to thank the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) for their support. This study was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office's AC4 program, award # NA13OAR4310064. We thank Bill Hicks of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for his assistance in collecting the collocated monitoring data at the LRK site. S. H. Budisulistiorini was supported by a Fulbright Presidential Fellowship (2010-2013) for attending the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the UNC Graduate School Off-Campus Dissertation Research Fellowship, as well as partial appointment to the Internship/Research Participation Program at the Office of Research and Development, US EPA, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the US Department of Energy and EPA. M. Neff and E. A. Stone were supported by US EPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant number 835401. The authors thank Lynn Russell, Timothy Bertram and Christopher Cappa as well as their respective groups for their collaboration during the SOAS campaign at LRK. The authors thank Louisa Emmons for her assistance with forecasts made available during the SOAS campaign. The authors thank John Offenberg for providing access to a Sunset Laboratory OC/EC analysis instrument. The authors also thank Tianqu Cui for his assistance in helping deploy instrumentation from the UNC group, and Wendy Marth and Theran Riedel for their assistance in helping calibrate the acetate CIMS. We would like to thank Annmarie Carlton, Joost deGouw, Jose Jimenez, and Allen Goldstein for helping to organize the SOAS campaign and coordinating communication between ground sites. NR 86 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 23 U2 82 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2015 VL 15 IS 15 BP 8871 EP 8888 DI 10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CP5UI UT WOS:000359949700019 ER PT B AU Sowers, JM Hoeft, JS Fenster, DF Godwin, WH Cutsinger, R AF Sowers, J. M. Hoeft, J. S. Fenster, D. F. Godwin, W. H. Cutsinger, R. BE Lollino, G Manconi, A Guzzetti, F Culshaw, M Bobrowsky, P Luino, F TI Assessing Karst Hazards for a Nuclear Power Plant Site, Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA SO ENGINEERING GEOLOGY FOR SOCIETY AND TERRITORY, VOL 5: URBAN GEOLOGY, SUSTAINABLE PLANNING AND LANDSCAPE EXPLOITATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International IAEG Congress CY SEP 15-19, 2014 CL Torino, ITALY SP IAEG DE Karst; Appalachians; Nuclear power; LiDAR; Doline; Sinkhole AB Engineering geologic investigations for a nuclear power generating facility sited on carbonate rock in the southern Appalachians employed multiple methods to characterize karst features and assess potential karst hazards to this critical facility. The site is located on Ordovician argillaceous and silty limestone in a low-lying valley where karst features are typically hidden beneath a mantle of residual soil. Karst characterization activities included: (1) an assessment of sinkhole occurrence in the site area based on the interpretation of LiDAR topographic data, (2) site specific geotechnical investigations including corehole drilling, cone penetrometer tests, seismic refraction, microgravity, and geologic field reconnaissance. Mapping of karst depressions shows that depression density varies with stratigraphic unit. Depression density in the site limestone is less than in the adjacent pure Mississippian limestone. The argillaceous and silty nature of the site limestone may inhibit dissolution and the development of large conduits, and may also promote the development of a thick soil mantle covering bedrock irregularities. Detailed geotechnical investigations at the site indicate an irregular top of bedrock with deep depressions, and small cavities clustered within 4 m of the bedrock surface. Minor cavities were observed to depths of 30 m. No karst collapse hazards were identified beneath the reactor or other critical facilities. However, analysis shows that karst processes should be addressed in hazard assessments for any additional structures on the site property. C1 [Sowers, J. M.; Hoeft, J. S.; Godwin, W. H.] Fugro Consultants Inc, Houston, TX 77081 USA. [Fenster, D. F.] Bechtel Power Corp, Frederick, MD USA. [Cutsinger, R.] Tennessee Valley Author, Hendersonville, TN USA. RP Sowers, JM (reprint author), Fugro Consultants Inc, Houston, TX 77081 USA. EM j.sowers@fugro.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-09048-1; 978-3-319-09047-4 PY 2015 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-09048-1_101 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology; Materials Science GA BD2OW UT WOS:000359015000101 ER PT J AU Sherrard, RM Carriker, NE Greeley, MS AF Sherrard, Rick M. Carriker, Neil E. Greeley, Mark S., Jr. TI How Toxic Is Coal Ash? A Laboratory Toxicity Case Study SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coal combustion residuals; Kingston ash spill; Toxicity testing ID AMPHIPOD HYALELLA-AZTECA; FLY-ASH; TIME BOMB; FATHEAD MINNOW; SELENIUM; FISH; POPULATIONS; EFFLUENTS; SEDIMENT; RECOVERY AB Under a consent agreement among the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and proponents both for and against stricter regulation, EPA is to issue a new coal ash disposal rule by the end of 2014. Laboratory toxicity investigations often yield conservative estimates of toxicity because many standard test species are more sensitive than resident species, thus could provide information useful to the rule-making. However, few laboratory studies of coal ash toxicity are available; most studies reported in the literature are based solely on field investigations. This brief communication describes a broad range of toxicity studies conducted for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston ash spill, results of which help provide additional perspective on the toxicity of coal ash. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:5-9. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Sherrard, Rick M.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Carriker, Neil E.] Kingston Ash Recovery Project, Harriman, TN USA. [Greeley, Mark S., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sherrard, RM (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM rmsherrard@tva.gov RI Greeley, Mark/D-2330-2016 OI Greeley, Mark/0000-0002-6088-5942 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1002/ieam.1587 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG8LN UT WOS:000353559300003 PM 25348557 ER PT J AU Walls, SJ Jones, DS Stojak, AR Carriker, NE AF Walls, Suzanne J. Jones, Daniel S. Stojak, Amber R. Carriker, Neil E. TI Ecological Risk Assessment for Residual Coal Fly Ash at Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee: Site Setting and Problem Formulation SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Ecological risk assessment; Emory River; Metal contaminants; Selenium AB A baseline ecological risk assessment (BERA) was performed for residual ash in the Watts Bar Reservoir following a release of fly ash from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston Fossil Plant. The site consists of parts of 3 rivers in eastern Tennessee comprising over 32 river kilometers. The purpose of the assessment was to determine if residual ash negatively impacts maintenance and reproduction of balanced communities or populations of potentially exposed ecological receptor groups in these rivers. This introductory article summarizes the site and environmental setting, assessment and measurement endpoints, risk characterization methods, and the study approach. Subsequent articles describe ecological risks to fish, benthic invertebrates, aquatic- and riparian-feeding wildlife, and aerial-feeding insectivores; and the role ecological risk characterization played in determining the most effective management of the residual ash, setting project remediation objectives and targets, and designing long-term monitoring to measure the effectiveness of the selected removal action. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:32-42. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Walls, Suzanne J.; Jones, Daniel S.; Stojak, Amber R.] ARCADIS, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA. [Carriker, Neil E.] Tennessee Valley Author, Hixson, TN USA. RP Walls, SJ (reprint author), ARCADIS, Knoxville, TN 37934 USA. EM suzy.walls@arcadis-us.com FU Tennessee Valley Authority FX The authors thank the following individuals and organizations for their assistance with this project: Michelle Cagley, Craig Zeller, Jacobs Engineering, Environmental Standards Inc., Restoration Services Inc., Pace Analytical Services Inc., US Fish and Wildlife Services, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Funding for this project was provided by Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1002/ieam.1583 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG8LN UT WOS:000353559300006 PM 25234753 ER PT J AU Buys, DJ Stojak, AR Stiteler, W Baker, TF AF Buys, David J. Stojak, Amber R. Stiteler, William Baker, Tyler F. TI Ecological Risk Assessment for Residual Coal Fly Ash at Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee: Limited Alteration of Riverine-Reservoir Benthic Invertebrate Community Following Dredging of Ash-Contaminated Sediment SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Sediment; Metals; Risk assessment; Benthic invertebrate; Fly ash ID FINE SEDIMENT; BIOTIC INDEX; STREAM; ASSUMPTIONS; RESPONSES; METRICS; METALS AB Benthic invertebrate communities were assessed after the December 2008 release of approximately 4.1 million m(3) coal fly ash from a disposal dredge cell at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston Fossil Plant on Watts Bar Reservoir in Roane County, Tennessee, USA. Released ash filled the adjacent embayments and the main channel of the Emory River, migrating into reaches of the Emory, Clinch, and Tennessee Rivers. Dredging was completed in summer 2010, and the benthic community sampling was conducted in December 2010. This study is part of a series that supported an Ecological Risk Assessment for the Kingston site. Benthic invertebrate communities were sampled at transects spread across approximately 20 miles of river that includes both riverine and reservoirlike conditions. Community composition was assessed on a grab sample and transect basis across multiple cross-channel transects to gain an understanding of the response of the benthic community to a fly ash release of this magnitude. This assessment used invertebrate community metrics, similarity analysis, geospatial statistics, and correlations with sediment chemistry and habitat. The community composition was reflective of a reservoir system, with dominant taxa being insect larva, bivalves, and aquatic worms. Most community metric results were similar for ash-impacted areas and upstream reference areas. Variation in the benthic community was correlated more with habitat than with sediment chemistry or residual ash. Other studies have reported that a benthic community can take several years to a decade to recover from ash or ash-related constituents. Although released ash undoubtedly had some initial impacts on the benthic community in this study, the severity of these effects appears to be limited to the initial smothering of the organisms followed by a rapid response and the initial start of recovery postdredging. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:43-55. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Buys, David J.; Stiteler, William] ARCADIS, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. [Stojak, Amber R.] ARCADIS, Knoxville, TN USA. [Baker, Tyler F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Buys, DJ (reprint author), ARCADIS, Syracuse, NY 13214 USA. EM dave.buys@arcadis-us.com NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1002/ieam.1577 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG8LN UT WOS:000353559300007 PM 25158124 ER PT J AU Carriker, NE Jones, DS Walls, SJ Stojak, AR AF Carriker, Neil E. Jones, Daniel S. Walls, Suzanne J. Stojak, Amber R. TI Ecological Risk Assessment for Residual Coal Fly Ash at Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Coal ash management; Ecological risk assessment; TVA Kingston ash spill ID LARGE RIVER-RESERVOIR; WILDLIFE; FISH; BIOACCUMULATION; INVERTEBRATES; DISPOSAL; LESSONS; SPILL AB The Tennessee Valley Authority conducted a Baseline Ecological Risk Assessment (BERA) for the Kingston Fossil Plant ash release site to evaluate potential effects of residual coal ash on biota in Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee. The BERA was in response to a release of 4.1 million m(3) of coal ash on December 22, 2008. It used multiple lines of evidence to assess risks for 17 different ecological receptors to approximately 400000m(3) of residual ash in the Emory and Clinch rivers. Here, we provide a brief overview of the BERA results and then focus on how the results were used to help shape risk management decisions. Those decisions included selecting monitored natural recovery for remediation of the residual ash in the Emory and Clinch rivers and designing a long-term monitoring plan that includes adaptive management principles for timely adjustment to changing conditions. This study demonstrates the importance of site-specific ecological data (e.g., tissue concentrations for food items, reproductive data, and population data) in complex ecological risk assessments. It also illustrates the value of the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) data quality objectives process in building consensus and identifying multiple uses of results. The relatively limited adverse effects of this likely worst-case scenario for ash-related exposures in a lotic environment provide important context for the USEPA's new coal combustion residue disposal rules. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:80-87. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Carriker, Neil E.] Tennessee Valley Author, Hixson, TN USA. [Jones, Daniel S.; Walls, Suzanne J.; Stojak, Amber R.] ARCADIS, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Carriker, NE (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Hixson, TN USA. EM necarriker@tva.gov FU TVA FX The authors thank the following individuals and organizations for their assistance with this project: Michelle Cagley, Craig Zeller, Jacobs Engineering, Environmental Standards, Restoration Services, Pace Analytical Services, US Fish and Wildlife Services, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Funding for this project was provided by TVA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1002/ieam.1586 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG8LN UT WOS:000353559300010 PM 25346032 ER PT J AU Rigg, DK Wacksman, MN Iannuzzi, J Baker, TF Adams, M Greeley, MS AF Rigg, David K. Wacksman, Mitch N. Iannuzzi, Jacqueline Baker, Tyler F. Adams, Marshall Greeley, Mark S., Jr. TI Assessing Ecological Risks to the Fish Community from Residual Coal Fly Ash in Watts Bar Reservoir, Tennessee SO INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Selenium; Health metrics; Toxicity testing; Weight-of-evidence ID CLARIAS-BATRACHUS AB Extensive site-specific biological and environmental data were collected to support an evaluation of risks to the fish community in Watts Bar Reservoir from residual ash from the December 2008 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Kingston ash release. This article describes the approach used and results of the risk assessment for the fish community, which consists of multiple measurement endpoints (measures of exposure and effects) for fish. The lines of evidence included 1) comparing postspill annual fish community assessments with nearby prespill data and data from other TVA reservoirs, 2) evaluating possible effects of exposures of fish eggs and larval fish to ash in controlled laboratory toxicity tests, 3) evaluating reproductive competence of field-exposed fish, 4) assessing individual fish health through physical examination, histopathology, and blood chemistry, 5) comparing fish tissue concentrations with literature-based critical body residues, and 6) comparing concentrations of ash-related contaminants in surface waters with US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Ambient Water Quality Standards for Fish and Aquatic Life. These measurement endpoints were treated as independent lines of evidence that were integrated into an overall weight-of-evidence estimate of risk to the fish community. Collectively, the data and analysis presented here indicate that ash and ash-related constituents pose negligible risks to the fish communities in Watts Bar Reservoir. This conclusion contradicts the predictions by some researchers immediately following the ash release of devastating effects on the aquatic ecology of Watts Bar Reservoir. The information presented in this article reaffirms the wisdom of carefully evaluating the evidence before predicting probable ecological effects of a major event such as the TVA Kingston ash release. This study demonstrates that a thorough and detailed investigation using multiple measurement endpoints is needed to properly evaluate ecological effects. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:88-101. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Rigg, David K.] ARCADIS, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. [Wacksman, Mitch N.] ARCADIS, Portland, ME USA. [Iannuzzi, Jacqueline] ARCADIS, Annapolis, MD USA. [Baker, Tyler F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Greeley, Mark S., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Rigg, DK (reprint author), ARCADIS, Clifton Pk, NY 12065 USA. EM david.rigg@arcadis-us.com RI Greeley, Mark/D-2330-2016 OI Greeley, Mark/0000-0002-6088-5942 FU Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) FX The authors thank the following individuals and agencies for their assistance with collecting, processing, and analyzing samples for this project: Teresa Matthews (fish bioaccumulation studies), Mark Bevelhimer (fish health studies), Mark Peterson, Allison Fortner, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Standards, Pace Analytical Services, Restoration Services, Jacobs Engineering, US Fish and Wildlife Services, and Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. Funding for this project was provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1551-3777 EI 1551-3793 J9 INTEGR ENVIRON ASSES JI Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 11 IS 1 BP 88 EP 101 DI 10.1002/ieam.1588 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA CG8LN UT WOS:000353559300011 PM 25346112 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Mallard, JW Mao, Q Shaw, SL AF Mueller, Stephen F. Mallard, Jonathan W. Mao, Qi Shaw, Stephanie L. TI Variability of Natural Dust Erosion from a Coal Pile SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIR AB A study of fugitive dust emissions from a pile of crushed coal revealed that, in addition to dust being emitted into the atmosphere during periods of pile-management (human) activity, it is also emitted during periods without human activity. This "natural" emission in itself is not surprising given past work on wind erosion of particulate matter from aggregate piles. However, hourly downwind measurements of fine particle (PM10) mass concentrations at two sites revealed that excessive dust was present in the air even when wind speeds were below the erosion threshold estimated from nearby wind speed measurements and regulatory guidance on coal pile aerodynamic characteristics. During periods of natural emissions with higher wind speeds, downwind concentrations were strongly associated with mu(2)-the squared excess of 1-min maximum wind speed above the erosion threshold-consistent with previous work on wind erosion potential. However, 88% of hourly concentrations coincided with lower winds for which wind speed was not a good predictor of airborne dust levels. Evidence was found that natural low-wind PM10 concentrations varied significantly with relative humidity, air temperature, and turbulence parameters (sigma(u) and sigma(w)). Smoke from coal combustion was ruled out as a significant factor in PM10 levels, but statistical evidence along with visual observation suggests that microscale turbulent airflows, including dust devils, were a significant source of PM10 during low wind speeds over the pile. The localized behavior of the turbulence makes it very difficult to develop a strong statistical model of natural downwind concentrations on the basis of off-pile meteorological measurements. C1 [Mueller, Stephen F.; Mallard, Jonathan W.; Mao, Qi] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Shaw, Stephanie L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), 109 Birch Run, Florence, AL 35633 USA. EM sfm-ccm@att.net FU Electric Power Research Institute; Tennessee Valley Authority FX The authors are grateful to the Gallatin plant personnel who supported the field measurement phase of this effort. Funding for this work was provided by the Electric Power Research Institute and the Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2015 VL 54 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0126.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0SB UT WOS:000347953700001 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Mallard, JW Mao, Q Shaw, SL AF Mueller, Stephen F. Mallard, Jonathan W. Mao, Qi Shaw, Stephanie L. TI Emission factors for fugitive dust from bulldozers working on a coal pile SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PAVED ROADS; MODEL AB A study of a Powder River Basin (PRB) coal pile found that fugitive emissions from natural and human activity each produced similar levels of downwind fine + coarse (i.e., smaller than 10 mu m, or PM10) particle mass concentrations. Natural impacts were statistically removed from downwind measurements to estimate emission factor E-v for bulldozers working on the pile. The E-v determined here was similar in magnitude to emission factors (EFs) computed using a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formulation for unpaved surfaces at industrial sites, even though the latter was not based on data for coal piles. EF formulations from this study and those in the EPA guidance yield values of similar magnitude but differ in the variables used to compute E-v variations. EPA studies included effects of surface silt fraction and vehicle weight, while the present study captured the influence of coal moisture. Our data indicate that the relationship between PRB coal fugitive dust E-v (expressed as mass of PM10 emitted per minute of bulldozer operation) and coal moisture content M-c (in percent) at the study site is best expressed as E-v =10(c)(f(M)()) where f(M-c) is a function of moisture. This function was determined by statistical regression between log(10)(E-v) and M-c where both E-v and M-c are expressed as daily averages of observations based on 289 hours sampled during 44 days from late June through mid-November of 2012. A methodology is described that estimates M-c based on available meteorological data (precipitation amount and solar radiation flux). An example is given of computed variations in daily E-v for an entire year. This illustrates the sensitivity of the daily average particulate EF to meteorological variability at one location. Finally, a method is suggested for combining the moisture-sensitive formulation for E-v with the EPA formulation to accommodate a larger number of independent variables that influence fugitive emissions.Implications:Fugitive coal dust emission factors (EFs) derived by this study contribute to the small existing knowledge base for a type of pollutant that will become increasingly important as ambient particulate standards become tighter. In areas that are not in attainment with standards, realistic EFs can be used for compliance modeling and can help identify which classes of sources are best targeted to achieve desired air quality levels. Reconciling emission factor formulations that are sensitive to different factors (i.e., those from the EPA and this study) produces a more powerful tool for estimating fugitive emissions at a broad range of sources. C1 [Mueller, Stephen F.; Mallard, Jonathan W.; Mao, Qi] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Shaw, Stephanie L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Shaw, SL (reprint author), Elect Power Res Inst, 3420 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM sshaw@epri.com FU Electric Power Research Institute; Tennessee Valley Authority FX The authors are grateful to the Gallatin plant personnel who supported the field measurement phase of this effort. Funding for this work was provided by the Electric Power Research Institute and the Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2015 VL 65 IS 1 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.960953 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AX0MX UT WOS:000346647400003 PM 25946955 ER PT J AU Knight, RR Murphy, JC Wolfe, WJ Saylor, CF Wales, AK AF Knight, Rodney R. Murphy, Jennifer C. Wolfe, William J. Saylor, Charles F. Wales, Amy K. TI Ecological limit functions relating fish community response to hydrologic departures of the ecological flow regime in the Tennessee River basin, United States SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological flow regime; wedge distributions; ecological limit functions; hydrologic alteration; Tennessee River ID DISCHARGE REGRESSION PARAMETERS; QUANTILE REGRESSION; STREAMFLOW CHARACTERISTICS; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; ASSEMBLAGES; SCALE; RECLAMATION; ECOREGIONS; HYSTERESIS; FRAMEWORK AB Ecological limit functions relating streamflow and aquatic ecosystems remain elusive despite decades of research. We investigated functional relationships between species richness and changes in streamflow characteristics at 662 fish sampling sites in the Tennessee River basin. Our approach included the following: (1) a brief summary of relevant literature on functional relations between fish and streamflow, (2) the development of ecological limit functions that describe the strongest discernible relationships between fish species richness and streamflow characteristics, (3) the evaluation of proposed definitions of hydrologic reference conditions, and (4) an investigation of the internal structures of wedge-shaped distributions underlying ecological limit functions. Twenty-one ecological limit functions were developed across three ecoregions that relate the species richness of 11 fish groups and departures from hydrologic reference conditions using multivariate and quantile regression methods. Each negatively sloped function is described using up to four streamflow characteristics expressed in terms of cumulative departure from hydrologic reference conditions. Negative slopes indicate increased departure results in decreased species richness. Sites with the highest measured fish species richness generally had near-reference hydrologic conditions for a given ecoregion. Hydrology did not generally differ between sites with the highest and lowest fish species richness, indicating that other environmental factors likely limit species richness at sites with reference hydrology. Use of ecological limit functions to make decisions regarding proposed hydrologic regime changes, although commonly presented as a management tool, is not as straightforward or informative as often assumed. We contend that statistical evaluation of the internal wedge structure below limit functions may provide a probabilistic understanding of how aquatic ecology is influenced by altered hydrology and may serve as the basis for evaluating the potential effect of proposed hydrologic changes. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Ecohydrology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Knight, Rodney R.; Murphy, Jennifer C.; Wolfe, William J.] US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. [Saylor, Charles F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Wales, Amy K.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Knight, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tennessee Water Sci Ctr, 640 Grassmere Pk,Suite 100, Nashville, TN 37211 USA. EM rrknight@usgs.gov RI Knight, Rodney/C-5356-2013 OI Knight, Rodney/0000-0001-9588-0167 FU USGS Cooperative Water Program; Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA); The Nature Conservancy - Tennessee Chapter (TNC); Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation FX We acknowledge the generous support and advice from numerous organizations and individuals in the preparation of this paper. The research presented herein was funded by the USGS Cooperative Water Program (http://water.usgs.gov/coop/), the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), The Nature Conservancy - Tennessee Chapter (TNC), and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation. The paper has benefited from discussions of the technical approach and management implications with David McKinney (Chief of Environmental Services, TWRA), Sally Palmer (Science Program Coordinator for Tennessee, TNC), and Jeff Hughes (Water Rights Branch, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado). This article benefited also from peer review by Jeff Duncan (U.S. National Park Service - Southeast Region) and Kim Haag (US Geological Survey, Florida Water Science Center) and from anonymous reviews coordinated by the editor of Ecohydrology. Finally, the analysis presented here would not be possible without the USGS stream gauge network and the cooperative partnerships with federal, state, and local agencies that support the network, and the extensive fish community sampling of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 92 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD OCT PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1262 EP 1280 DI 10.1002/eco.1460 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AS5UK UT WOS:000344334700002 ER PT J AU Mathews, TJ Fortner, AM Jett, RT Morris, J Gable, J Peterson, MJ Carriker, N AF Mathews, Teresa J. Fortner, Allison M. Jett, R. Trent Morris, Jesse Gable, Jennifer Peterson, Mark J. Carriker, Neil TI SELENIUM BIOACCUMULATION IN FISH EXPOSED TO COAL ASH AT THE TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY KINGSTON SPILL SITE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Coal ash; Fish; Bioaccumulation ID FOOD-CHAIN TRANSFER; FRESH-WATER FISH; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; LARGEMOUTH BASS; MERCURY; SPECIATION; CONTAMINATION; SYSTEM AB In December 2008, 4.1 million cubic meters of coal ash were released into the Emory and Clinch Rivers by the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant. Coal ash contains several contaminants, including the bioaccumulative metalloid selenium (Se). Because Se is predominantly accumulated in aquatic organisms through dietary rather than aqueous exposure, tissue-based toxicity thresholds for Se are currently being considered. The proposed threshold concentrations range between 4g/g and 9g/g Se (dry wt.) in whole body fish, with a proposed fillet threshold of 11.8g/g. In the present study, the authors examined the spatial and temporal trends in Se bioaccumulation and examined the relationship between the Se content in fillets and in whole bodies of fish collected around the Kingston spill site to determine whether Se bioaccumulation was a significant concern at the ash spill site. Whereas Se concentrations in fish (whole bodies and fillets) were elevated at sampling locations affected by the Kingston ash spill relative to reference locations, concentrations do not appear to be above risk thresholds and have not been increasing over the 5-yr period since the spill. These findings are not only relevant to guiding the human health and ecological risk assessments at the Kingston ash spill site, but because of current national discussions on appropriate guidelines for Se in fish as well for the disposal of coal combustion wastes, the results are also relevant to the general understanding of Se bioaccumulation in contaminated water bodies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2273-2279. (c) 2014 SETAC C1 [Mathews, Teresa J.; Jett, R. Trent; Peterson, Mark J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fortner, Allison M.] ARCADIS US, Knoxville, TN USA. [Morris, Jesse] Restorat Serv, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gable, Jennifer] Environm Stand, Valley Forge, PA USA. [Carriker, Neil] Tennessee Valley Author, TVA Kingston Ash Recovery Project, Harriman, TN USA. RP Mathews, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mathewstj@ornl.gov FU Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Special thanks to M. Adams, M. Bevelhimer, C. Brandt, B. Pracheil, M. Greeley, J. Smith, K. McCracken, C. Dunn, R. Vitale, K. Abbot, E. Rodgers, B. Rogers, M. Cagley, and T. Baker. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 33 IS 10 BP 2273 EP 2279 DI 10.1002/etc.2673 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AQ2LZ UT WOS:000342619100013 PM 24943719 ER PT J AU Nidiffer, R Burdette, E Brown, C Ankabrandt, R AF Nidiffer, Robert Burdette, Edwin Brown, Casey Ankabrandt, Ryan TI Efficacy of a Ternary Blend Mixture in Improving Bridge Deck Concrete Durability in Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Concrete; Fly ash; Slag; Durability; Chloride ion; Resistivity; Ternary blend AB Studies related to the durability of bridge deck concrete in the state of Tennessee have been ongoing at the University of Tennessee for the past decade. The most recent phase of this research began in the fall of 2009 with a focus on developing a criteria and methodology to assess the durability of bridge deck concrete in Tennessee. The concrete's resistance to chloride ion penetration was used to evaluate durability. This resistance was measured by two test methods: the surface resistivity (SR) test and the rapid chloride ion penetration (RCP) test. Current guidelines set forth by the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) require that a Class D concrete mixture be placed on all bridge deck applications. The SR and RCP tests have been performed on Class D concrete cylinders from various bridge deck placements across the state for the past 2.5 years. The Class D mixture consists of 75% cement and 25% fly ash (generally Class F). Results indicate that the current concrete mixture fails to adequately resist chloride ion penetration at satisfactory levels. Ternary blend concrete mixtures, so defined when the mixture contains three different types of cementitious materials, have been found to offer benefits to both the strength and durability of concrete. Thus, it was decided to propose a ternary blend concrete mixture. While ternary blends are not currently prohibited by TDOT, the Class D concrete mixtures currently being placed on bridge decks are, as noted, binary mixtures. Ternary blend laboratory samples were created to compare SR and RCP values to the typical Class D mixtures. Results from the tests, as well as results reported in technical literature, indicate that ternary blend mixtures have significantly better resistance to chloride ion penetration than the typical Class D mixtures, indicating improvement in concrete durability with such a mixture. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Nidiffer, Robert] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Burdette, Edwin] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Brown, Casey] Woods Engn, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Brown, Casey] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil Engn, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Ankabrandt, Ryan] Wallace OConnell & Associates, Santa Rosa Beach, FL 32459 USA. [Ankabrandt, Ryan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil Engn, Santa Rosa Beach, FL 32459 USA. RP Burdette, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 913 Tampa Rd, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eburdett@utk.edu FU TDOT FX Special thanks are extended to TDOT for their continued interest and financial support. In addition, TDOT personnel and participating concrete producers deserve special mention because of their willingness to go above and beyond their job duties to ensure proper care and transportation of samples. Specifically, Mitch Blankenship, Regional Director of Materials at TDOT's Jackson office, deserves a special thanks because of his contribution to the project through his supplying of a disproportionate number of field cylinders as well as conducting tests on a a ternary blend mixture. Thanks are also extended to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) personnel who have provided advice and counsel as a part of the research review panel. Any opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of TDOT or FHWA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 EI 1943-5533 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD OCT PY 2014 VL 26 IS 10 AR 04014067 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000969 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AP7AZ UT WOS:000342231200004 ER PT J AU Markwiese, JT Rogers, WJ Carriker, NE Thal, DI Vitale, RJ Gruzalski, JG Rodgers, EE Babyak, CM Ryti, RT AF Markwiese, James T. Rogers, William J. Carriker, Neil E. Thal, David I. Vitale, Rock J. Gruzalski, Jacob G. Rodgers, Erin E. Babyak, Carol M. Ryti, Randall T. TI Natural attenuation of coal combustion waste in river sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Sequential extraction procedure; Coal; Tennessee Valley Authority; Sediment; Trace elements; Weathering; Natural attenuation ID SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE; FLY-ASH; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SPECIATION; METALS; SAMPLES AB The weathering of coal combustion products (CCPs) in a lotic environment was assessed following the Tennessee Valley Authority (Kingston, TN) fly ash release of 2008 into surrounding rivers. Sampled materials included stockpiled ash and sediment collected from 180 to 880 days following the release. Total recoverable concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids in sediment were measured, and percent ash was estimated visually or quantified by particle counts. Arsenic and selenium in sediment were positively correlated with percent ash. For samples collected 180 days after the release, total concentrations of trace elements downstream of the release were greater than reference levels but less than concentrations measured in stockpiled ash. Total concentrations of trace elements remained elevated in ash-laden sediment after almost 2.5 years. A sequential extraction procedure (SEP) was used to speciate selected fractions of arsenic, copper, lead, nickel, and selenium in decreasing order of bioavailability. Concentrations of trace elements in sequentially extracted fractions were one to two orders of magnitude lower than total recoverable trace elements. The bulk of sequentially extractable trace elements was associated with iron-manganese oxides, the least bioavailable fraction of those measured. By 780 days, trace element concentrations in the SEP fractions approached reference concentrations in the more bioavailable water soluble, ion exchangeable, and carbonate-bound fractions. For each trace element, the percentage composition of the bioavailable fractions relative to the total concentration was calculated. These SEP indices were summed and shown to significantly decrease over time. These results document the natural attenuation of leachable trace elements in CCPs in river sediment as a result of the loss of bioavailable trace elements over time. C1 [Markwiese, James T.; Thal, David I.; Gruzalski, Jacob G.] Environm Stand Inc, Knoxville, TN 37923 USA. [Rogers, William J.; Carriker, Neil E.] Tennessee Valley Author, Kingston, TN USA. [Vitale, Rock J.; Rodgers, Erin E.] Environm Stand Inc, Valley Forge, PA USA. [Babyak, Carol M.] Appalachian State Univ, AR Smith Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Ryti, Randall T.] Neptune & Co Inc, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Markwiese, JT (reprint author), Environm Stand Inc, 8331 E Walker Springs Lane,Suite 402, Knoxville, TN 37923 USA. EM jmarkwiese@envstd.com FU Tennessee Valley Authority (Environmental Standards, Inc.) [472411] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority (Environmental Standards, Inc., Contract 472411). We would like to thank Environmental Standards' staff Abby Koss, Megan Filipovits, Sarah Snyder, Jaclyn Ellerie, and Jeff Paar for assistance. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD AUG PY 2014 VL 186 IS 8 BP 5235 EP 5246 DI 10.1007/s10661-014-3772-z PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK2UR UT WOS:000338275500046 PM 24756414 ER PT J AU Ryan, E Burdette, E Ankabrandt, R Nidiffer, R Buchanan, B AF Ryan, Eric Burdette, Edwin Ankabrandt, Ryan Nidiffer, Robert Buchanan, Brian TI Comparison of Two Methods to Assess the Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ion Penetration SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Durability; Chloride; Concrete; Durability; Chloride ion penetration; Surface resistivity; Performance specification ID PERMEABILITY TEST; ASTM C1202; FLY-ASH; RESISTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; CONDUCTIVITY; ADMIXTURES; T277 AB The industry standard currently accepted method for assessing the resistance of concrete to penetration of chloride ions is commonly known as the rapid chloride permeability (RCP) test. The test is time-consuming and laborious and the user must be extremely careful to ensure accuracy, making it problematic for inclusion as a performance variable in a concrete specification. A potential alternative to the RCP test is the surface resistivity (SR) test, a method that is dramatically easier, faster, and requires far less special care than the RCP test. The research reported herein was directed toward determining a correlation between RCP and SR test measurements for Tennessee bridge deck concrete (based on cylinders collected from concrete bridge decks being constructed across the state) and evaluating the appropriateness of the SR test as an alternative to the RCP test for inclusion in a specification for bridge deck concrete. Results of the testing showed a clear correlation between the two methods and identified potential limits for possible inclusion as a performance requirement in a specification. C1 [Ryan, Eric] Vertex Construct Serv, Weymouth, MA 02189 USA. [Burdette, Edwin] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ankabrandt, Ryan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Nidiffer, Robert] Tennessee Valley Author, Hixon, TN 37343 USA. [Buchanan, Brian] CH2MHill, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Burdette, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM eburdett@utk.edu FU TDOT FX Special thanks is extended to TDOT for their continued interest and financial support. In addition, TDOT personnel and participating concrete producers deserve special mention because of their willingness to go above and beyond their job duties to ensure proper care and transportation of samples. Thanks are also extended to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) personnel who have provided advice and counsel as a part of the research review panel. Any opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of TDOT or FHWA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 EI 1943-5533 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 4 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000844 PG 7 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AC8FM UT WOS:000332768900016 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Rinehart, TA Dattilo, AJ Pistrang, M Vito, LM Milstead, R Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Rinehart, Timothy A. Dattilo, Adam J. Pistrang, Mark Vito, Lisa M. Milstead, Ryan Trigiano, Robert N. TI Propagation for the Conservation of Pityopsis ruthii, an Endangered Species from the Southeastern United States SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bonded fiber matrix; ex situ; in vitro; reintroduction; Ruth's golden aster; seed germination; tissue culture; vegetative propagation ID IN-VITRO PROPAGATION; PLANT; ASTER; MICROPROPAGATION; REINTRODUCTION; GROWTH AB Pityopsis ruthii is an endangered species endemic to the Hiwassee and Ocoee Rivers in Tennessee. As part of a recovery effort focused on P. ruthii, vegetative propagation and in vitro multiplication and seed germination techniques were developed. Plants were vegetatively propagated using greenhouse stock plants and wild-collected stems. Rooting occurred with and without auxin treatments but was greatest when 0.1% indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) talc was applied to the vegetative cuttings; rooting was lowest when flowering stems were used. Pro-Mix BX substrate provided the most consistent rooting. In vitro multiplication was accomplished by the removal of lateral shoots from in vitro-grown plants that were rooted on Murashige and Skoog (MS0) basal medium with 270 clones produced from a single individual after 4 months. Nineteen clones were transplanted and secured with bonded fiber matrix into their natural habitat and 14 survived for 1 year. To avoid genetic swamping of native populations with the introduction of large numbers of genetically identical individuals through clonal propagation, seed-based propagation efforts were explored. Open-pollinated seeds were collected, disinfested and germinated, and seedlings established on MS medium. Seeds were submersed in 70% ethanol for 1 minute and briefly flamed. Seeds were surface-sterilized in a range [10% to 50% (v/v)] Clorox (R) bleach solutions with vigorous shaking for 20 minutes, rinsed three times in sterile water, and germinated on MS0. Removal of pappus from seeds was required for successful disinfestations, but the bleach concentration was not critical. Successful propagation is a step toward the conservation and recovery of P. ruthii and should allow future reintroduction projects. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Vito, Lisa M.; Milstead, Ryan; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Southern Hort Res Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Dattilo, Adam J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Biol Compliance, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Pistrang, Mark] USDA ARS, Cherokee Natl Forest, Cleveland, TN 37312 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2505 EJ Chapman Dr,370 Plant Biotechnol Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213]; Tennessee Valley Authority FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Grant # 58-6404-7-213) and the Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2014 VL 49 IS 2 BP 194 EP 200 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA AB9VD UT WOS:000332142900014 ER PT J AU Greeley, MS Elmore, LR McCracken, MK Sherrard, RM AF Greeley, Mark S., Jr. Elmore, Logan R. McCracken, Mary K. Sherrard, Rick M. TI Effects of Sediment Containing Coal Ash from the Kingston Ash Release on Embryo-Larval Development in the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820) SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coal ash; Toxicity; Fish; Early life stages; Selenium; Teratogenicity; Mercury ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; SELENIUM TOXICITY; HEAVY-METALS; FLY-ASH; FISH; TENNESSEE; MERCURY; SPILL; BIOACCUMULATION; DISPOSAL AB The largest environmental release of coal ash in US history occurred in December 2008 with the failure of a retention structure at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Fuel Plant in East Tennessee. A byproduct of coal-burning power plants, coal ash is enriched in metals and metalloids such as selenium and arsenic with known toxicity to fish embryonic and larval life stages. The early development of fish embryos and larvae during contact exposures to river bottom sediments containing up to 78 % coal ash from the Kingston spill was examined in 7-day laboratory tests with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). No significant effects were observed in hatching success, incidences of developmental abnormalities, or embryo-larval survival. Results suggest that direct exposures to sediment containing residual coal ash from the Kingston ash release may not present a significant risk to fish eggs and larvae in waterways affected by the coal ash spill. C1 [Greeley, Mark S., Jr.; Elmore, Logan R.; McCracken, Mary K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sherrard, Rick M.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Greeley, MS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM greeleyms@ornl.gov RI Greeley, Mark/D-2330-2016 OI Greeley, Mark/0000-0002-6088-5942 FU Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This study was sponsored by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Colleagues who contributed included S. Marshall Adams, Gail Morris, Mark Peterson, Jay Tenney, and Kristin Ward of ORNL; Neil Carriker and Tyler Baker of TVA; and Daniel Jones of ARCADIS. ORNL is managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 EI 1432-0800 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 92 IS 2 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s00128-013-1149-6 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 290TQ UT WOS:000329781600006 PM 24213590 ER PT J AU Schindler, AK Keith, KP AF Schindler, Anton K. Keith, Kevin P. BE Ekolu, SO Dundu, M Gao, X TI Behavior of high-volume fly ash concrete in mass concrete applications SO CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Construction Materials and Structures CY NOV 24-26, 2014 CL Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA DE hydration; calorimetry; setting; strength AB Concrete produced with high fly ash replacement levels is considered high volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete. One of the main limitations to the increased usage of HVFA concrete is the lack of familiarity with its setting time and strength development at various curing temperatures. A laboratory testing program was developed to quantify the effect of fly ash dosage, fly ash chemical composition, cement chemical composition, and environmental conditions on the hydration development, setting times, and compressive strength development of HVFA concrete. Concretes were made with 35% and 50% fly ash replacement levels (by volume) with four fly ash sources (two Class C and two Class F). Setting times are delayed with an increase in fly ash dosage and when the fly ash CaO content is increased for a given fly ash dosage. As the fly ash dosage is increased, the heat generated per volume of concrete decreases. An increase in the fly ash CaO content for a given fly ash dosage, results in increased in-place temperatures. HVFA concrete made with Class C fly ash exhibits a higher rate of early-strength development when compared to the Class F fly ash concrete. HVFA concrete can be produced to have comparable setting times and early-age compressive strength development to conventional concrete. C1 [Schindler, Anton K.] Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Keith, Kevin P.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Schindler, AK (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Harbert Engn Ctr 237, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM schinak@auburn.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-61499-466-4 PY 2014 BP 268 EP 275 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-466-4-268 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BC6FR UT WOS:000353898900033 ER PT B AU Nanni, BP Bolender, JL Whittier, SD AF Nanni, Bernardino P., Jr. Bolender, Justin L. Whittier, Spencer D. GP ASME TI WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN SUPPORT OF ASH POND CLOSURES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2013 CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 2013 CL Boston, MA SP ASME, Power Div AB The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is evaluating rules that will not permit the storage of coal combustion residuals (CCRs) in surface impoundments, and require CCRs to be stored in Subtitle C or Subtitle D landfills. In addition, the EPA is evaluating more stringent effluent guidelines for water discharges which may impact NPDES permits in the future. To support these changes, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is evaluating the elimination of wet CCR handling and surface impoundments at their coal fired facilities. If CCR conveyance is converted to dry methods and the surface impoundments are closed, the other wastewater streams that utilize these impoundments as a point of discharge will also be affected. Therefore, TVA is investigating options to handle the miscellaneous wastewater streams that currently discharge to the impoundments, and meet more stringent effluent limits that may be implemented in the future. This investigation includes characterization of the existing wastewater streams, determining the effects on wastewater streams associated with future plant modifications and anticipated regulatory changes, developing methods to reduce and reuse wastewater streams to avoid discharge, and developing methods to treat the remaining wastewater streams that may be discharged in accordance with potential future effluent limits. TVA is in the forefront of addressing the pending EPA rules that may affect CCR handling and storage, and water discharges. This paper discusses and presents the process being used by TVA to address these changes, the results obtained to date, and how this may be applicable to others potentially impacted by these changes. C1 [Nanni, Bernardino P., Jr.; Bolender, Justin L.] HDR Inc, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Whittier, Spencer D.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Nanni, BP (reprint author), HDR Inc, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5606-2 PY 2014 AR UNSP V002T10A001 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BC0ZQ UT WOS:000349875400038 ER PT J AU Nelson, JH Rostron, JR Luke, DJ AF Nelson, Jeffrey H. Rostron, Joseph R. Luke, Daniel J. GP IEEE TI Two-Stage, 161-kV, Fuseless Shunt Capacitor Bank SO 2014 IEEE PES T&D CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PES T and D Conference and Exposition CY APR 14-17, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE capacitor; capacitor bank; capacitive reactive power; CAPacitor series Short-circuiting; fuseless; two-stage AB A unique capacitor bank design providing two switching stages of capacitive reactive power, or two capacitor banks, on the same number of rack foundations as one conventional fuseless capacitor bank. In the first stage, a circuit switcher energizes a capacitor bank where-in the top portion of the bank the capacitor units are energized at their rated voltage and in the bottom portion the units are energized at half-rated voltage. When additional reactive power is needed, the top portion of the bank is bypassed and the remaining units now have rated voltage on them. This second stage, within the same bank, provides double the reactive power of the first stage with fewer capacitors in the circuit. To the authors' knowledge, TVA is the only utility to install this design concept of a two-stage capacitor bank. C1 [Nelson, Jeffrey H.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Rostron, Joseph R.] Southern States LLC, Hampton, GA USA. [Luke, Daniel J.] Eaton Cooper Power Syst, Greenwood, SC USA. RP Nelson, JH (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. EM jhnelson@tva.gov; j.rostron@southernstatesllc.com; DanielJLuke@Eaton.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3656-4 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2014 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BE3AF UT WOS:000370376900058 ER PT J AU Hough, SE Munsey, J Ward, SN AF Hough, Susan E. Munsey, Jeffrey Ward, Steven N. TI Reverberations on the Watery Element: A Significant, Tsunamigenic Historical Earthquake Offshore the Carolina Coast SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES; MAGNITUDES; LOCATIONS AB We investigate an early nineteenth-century earthquake that has been previously cataloged but not previously investigated in detail or recognized as a significant event. The earthquake struck at approximately 4:30 a.m. LT on 8 January 1817 and was widely felt throughout the southeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. Around 11:00 a.m. the same day, an eyewitness described a 12-inch tide that rose abruptly and agitated boats on the Delaware River near Philadelphia. We show that the timing of this tide is consistent with the predicted travel time for a tsunami generated by an offshore earthquake 6-7 hours earlier. By combining constraints provided by the shaking intensity distribution and the tsunami observation, we conclude that the 1817 earthquake had a magnitude of low- to mid-M 7 and a location 800-1000 km offshore of South Carolina. Our results suggest that poorly understood offshore source zones might represent a previously unrecognized hazard to the southern and mid-Atlantic coast. Both observational and modeling results indicate that potential tsunami hazard within Delaware Bay merits consideration: the simple geometry of the bay appears to catch and focus tsunami waves. Our preferred location for the 1817 earthquake is along a diffuse northeast-trending zone defined by instrumentally recorded and historical earthquakes. The seismotectonic framework for this region remains enigmatic. C1 [Hough, Susan E.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Munsey, Jeffrey] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Ward, Steven N.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Hough, SE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 525 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. EM hough@usgs.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2013 VL 84 IS 5 BP 891 EP 898 DI 10.1785/0220120152 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 212NS UT WOS:000323990700016 ER PT J AU Simmons, JW AF Simmons, Jeffrey W. TI Chronology of the Invasion of the Tennessee and Cumberland River Systems by the Mississippi Silverside, Menidia audens, with Analysis of the Subsequent Decline of the Brook Silverside, Labidesthes sicculus SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID LAKE TEXOMA; INLAND SILVERSIDES; EXOTIC CLADOCERAN; DAPHNIA-LUMHOLTZI; BERYLLINA; GROWTH; ATHERINIDAE; PREDATION; RESERVOIR; FOOD AB The Mississippi Silverside, Menidia audens, was first encountered in Kentucky Reservoir, the most downstream reservoir on the mainstem Tennessee River, in 1991. Over the next 19 years, it invaded all nine mainstem reservoirs, consisting of 1049 river km, and two tributary reservoirs, at an average rate of 55 km per year. This species was first encountered in Barkley Reservoir, the lowermost reservoir of the Cumberland River, in 1990, and has since established populations throughout at least 402 river km of the mainstem Cumberland River. Following the first record of M. audens in an unimpounded section of a Tennessee River tributary during 1998, 1048 sites were sampled throughout the Tennessee River system and this species was documented in only eight additional unimpounded tributaries, indicating aversion to lotic systems. Following the invasion of Tennessee River reservoirs by M. audens, mean abundance of the Brook Silverside, Labidesthes sicculus, linearly decreased with time: Electrofishing catch per unit effort (CPUE) data indicate that 14 years after sympatry with M. audens, L. sicculus were undetectable or occurred at extremely low densities in reservoirs. Reservoir populations of L. sicculus exhibited cyclic variation in abundance among years prior to the presence of M. audens. The observed range of electrofishing CPUE of L. sicculus before invasion by M. audens (n = 3865) was significantly different (P < 0.001) than the observed range following the presence of M. audens (n = 3975). After detection of M. audens, electrofishing CPUE of L. sicculus decreased and the range of variation from year to year diminished. Data from Cumberland River reservoirs showed similar patterns of displacement. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Biol & Water Resources, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Simmons, JW (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Biol & Water Resources, 1101 Market St,BR4D-C, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jwsimmons0@tva.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD JUL 3 PY 2013 IS 2 BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.1643/CE-12-020 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AG2WL UT WOS:000335277700015 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Mallard, JW Mao, Q Shaw, SL AF Mueller, Stephen F. Mallard, Jonathan W. Mao, Qi Shaw, Stephanie L. TI Fugitive particulate emission factors for dry fly ash disposal SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DUST EMISSIONS AB Dry fly ash disposal involves dropping ash from a truck and the movement of a heavy grader or similar vehicle across the ash surface. These operations are known to produce fugitive particulate emissions that are not readily quantifiable using standard emission measurement techniques. However, there are numerous situations--such as applying for a source air permit--that require these emissions be quantified. Engineers traditionally use emission factors (EFs) derived from measurements of related processes to estimate fly ash disposal emissions. This study near a dry fly ash disposal site using state-of-the-art particulate monitoring equipment examines for the first time fugitive emissions specific to fly ash handling at an active disposal site. The study measured hourly airborne mass concentrations for particles smaller than 2.5 m (PM2.5) and 10 m (PM10) along with meteorological conditions and atmospheric turbidity at high temporal resolution to characterize and quantify fugitive fly ash emissions. Fugitive fly ash transport and dispersion were computed using the on-site meteorological data and a regulatory air pollutant dispersion model (AERMOD). Model outputs coupled with ambient measurements yielded fugitive fly ash EFs that averaged 96 g Mg-1 (of ash processed) for the PMc fraction (=PM10 - PM2.5) and 18 g Mg-1 for PM2.5. Median EFs were much lower due to the strongly skewed shape of the derived EF distributions. Fugitive EFs from nearby unpaved roads were also characterized. Our primary finding is that EFs for dry fly ash disposal are considerably less than EFs derived using US Environmental Protection Agency AP-42 Emissions Handbook formulations for generic aggregate materials. This appears to be due to a large difference (a factor of 10+) between fugitive vehicular EFs estimated using the AP-42 formulation for vehicles driving on industrial roads (in this case, heavy slow-moving grading equipment) and EFs derived by the current study. Implications: Fugitive fly ash emission factors (EFs) derived by this study contribute to the small existing knowledge base for a type of pollutant that will become increasingly important as ambient particulate standards become tighter. In areas that are not in attainment with standards, realistic EFs can be used for compliance modeling and can help identify which classes of sources are best targeted to achieve desired air quality levels. In addition, understanding the natural variability in fugitive fly ash emissions can suggest methods that are most likely to be successful in controlling fugitive emissions related to dry fly ash storage. C1 [Mueller, Stephen F.; Mallard, Jonathan W.; Mao, Qi] TVA, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. [Shaw, Stephanie L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), TVA, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfmueller@tva.gov FU Electric Power Research Institute; Tennessee Valley Authority FX The authors are grateful for the support provided by Colbert plant personnel in conducting the field measurements for this study. Funding for this work was provided by the Electric Power Research Institute and the Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL 1 PY 2013 VL 63 IS 7 BP 806 EP 818 DI 10.1080/10962247.2013.795201 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 166QV UT WOS:000320573100008 PM 23926850 ER PT J AU Vishnivetskaya, TA Fisher, LS Brodie, GA Phelps, TJ AF Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A. Fisher, L. Suzanne Brodie, Greg A. Phelps, Tommy J. TI Microbial Communities Involved in Biological Ammonium Removal from Coal Combustion Wastewaters SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SP-NOV.; MARINE; MERCURY; GENOME; PLANCTOMYCETE; CRENARCHAEOTA; DENITRIFICANS AB The efficiency of a novel integrated treatment system for biological removal of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, and heavy metals from fossil power plant effluent was evaluated. Microbial communities were analyzed using bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries (Sanger sequences) and 454 pyrosequencing technology. While seasonal changes in microbial community composition were observed, the significant (P = 0.001) changes in bacterial and archaeal communities were consistent with variations in ammonium concentration. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed an increase of potential ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Planctomycetes, and OD1, in samples with elevated ammonium concentration. Other bacteria, such as Nitrospira, Nitrococcus, Nitrobacter, Thiobacillus, epsilon-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria, which play roles in nitrification and denitrification, were also detected. The AOB oxidized 56 % of the ammonium with the concomitant increase in nitrite and ultimately nitrate in the trickling filters at the beginning of the treatment system. Thermoprotei within the phylum Crenarchaeota thrived in the splitter box and especially in zero-valent iron extraction trenches, where an additional 25 % of the ammonium was removed. The potential ammonium-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) (Candidatus Nitrosocaldus) were detected towards the downstream end of the treatment system. The design of an integrated treatment system consisting of trickling filters, zero-valent iron reaction cells, settling pond, and anaerobic wetlands was efficient for the biological removal of ammonium and several other contaminants from wastewater generated at a coal burning power plant equipped with selective catalytic reducers for nitrogen oxide removal. C1 [Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A.; Phelps, Tommy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fisher, L. Suzanne; Brodie, Greg A.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 2008,MS 6036,1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM phelpstj@ornl.gov OI Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/0000-0002-0660-023X FU U. S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program FX This research was sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Fossil Energy and Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Zamin Yang and Marilyn Kerley for help with 454 FLX pyrosequencing and Sanger sequencing, respectively. We would also like to thank Alan Mays, David Lane, Mark Wolfe, and Roy Quinn of TVA for help with sampling and maintaining the ATOXIC/ASSET field sites. NR 51 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD JUL PY 2013 VL 66 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1007/s00248-012-0152-5 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 159LX UT WOS:000320048000006 PM 23314095 ER PT J AU McManamay, RA Orth, DJ Dolloff, CA Mathews, DC AF McManamay, Ryan A. Orth, Donald J. Dolloff, Charles A. Mathews, David C. TI Application of the ELOHA Framework to Regulated Rivers in the Upper Tennessee River Basin: A Case Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental flow; Water policy; Dams; Habitat restoration; Fish; Riparian ID ALTERED FLOW REGIMES; FISH COMMUNITIES; UNITED-STATES; STREAM FISHES; HABITAT REHABILITATION; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; SCALE-DEPENDENCE; THERMAL HABITAT AB In order for habitat restoration in regulated rivers to be effective at large scales, broadly applicable frameworks are needed that provide measurable objectives and contexts for management. The Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) framework was created as a template to assess hydrologic alterations, develop relationships between altered streamflow and ecology, and establish environmental flow standards. We tested the utility of ELOHA in informing flow restoration applications for fish and riparian communities in regulated rivers in the Upper Tennessee River Basin (UTRB). We followed the steps of ELOHA to generate univariate relationships between altered flows and ecology within the UTRB. By comparison, we constructed multivariate models to determine improvements in predictive capacity with the addition of non-flow variables. We then determined whether those relationships could predict fish and riparian responses to flow restoration in the Cheoah River, a regulated system within the UTRB. Although ELOHA provided a robust template to construct hydrologic information and predict hydrology for ungaged locations, our results do not suggest that univariate relationships between flow and ecology (step 4, ELOHA process) can produce results sufficient to guide flow restoration in regulated rivers. After constructing multivariate models, we successfully developed predictive relationships between flow alterations and fish/riparian responses. In accordance with model predictions, riparian encroachment displayed consistent decreases with increases in flow magnitude in the Cheoah River; however, fish richness did not increase as predicted 4 years after restoration. Our results suggest that altered temperature and substrate and the current disturbance regime may have reduced opportunities for fish species colonization. Our case study highlights the need for interdisciplinary science in defining environmental flows for regulated rivers and the need for adaptive management approaches once flows are restored. C1 [McManamay, Ryan A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Orth, Donald J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, Charles A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Dept Fish & Wildlife Conservat, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mathews, David C.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP McManamay, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mcmanamayra@ornl.gov OI Orth, Donald/0000-0002-9236-0147 FU Cheoah Fund Board; USDA Forest Service; US Fish and Wildlife Service; North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission; NC Division of Water Resources-DENR; Sigma Xi FX This work was funded by the Cheoah Fund Board, a multi-agency collaboration among Alcoa Power, the USDA Forest Service, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, the NC Division of Water Resources-DENR, and other grants provided by the USDA Forest Service. Funding was also provided by the Sigma Xi Grants-In-Aid of Research Program. We thank Mark Cantrell, Chris Goodreau, Steve Fraley, Steve Reid, Jim Mead, Rick Simmons, Paul Leonard, and Andrew Bearden for providing reports, summaries, and data. Suggested revisions on earlier versions of this paper were provided by Mark Cantrell, Paul Angermeier, Emmanuel Frimpong, and Tess Wynn. In addition, comments provided by five anonymous reviewers substantially improved this paper. We also extend gratitude to Tyler Young, Toby Coyner, David Belkoski, Travis Patton, Jason Emmel, McKeever Henley, and Adam Hart for their assistance with field work. NR 105 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1210 EP 1235 DI 10.1007/s00267-013-0055-3 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157FS UT WOS:000319882000010 PM 23624994 ER PT J AU Robinson, JD Simmons, JW Williams, AS Moyer, GR AF Robinson, John D. Simmons, Jeffrey W. Williams, Ashantye S. Moyer, Gregory R. TI Population structure and genetic diversity in the endangered bluemask darter (Etheostoma akatulo) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC); Microsatellite; Bayesian population assignment; Cumberland River system ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; AMERICAN FRESH-WATER; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CONSERVATION STATUS; PERCIDAE; PROGRAM; FISHES; INFERENCE AB Bluemask darters (Etheostoma akatulo) were sampled from the four drainages where extant populations of this narrowly endemic freshwater fish are known to exist. Population genetic diversity and structure were assessed at 10 microsatellite loci. All populations exhibited low levels of genetic variation, with expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.2 to 0.35. Significant population subdivision was found among most tributaries, and genetic divergence was strongly correlated with geographic distance. Bayesian population assignment and pairwise population differentiation measures both identified a lack of differentiation between E. akatulo populations inhabiting Cane Creek and the Caney Fork. This observation reduced the number of distinct breeding populations of this species to three. We also used approximate Bayesian computation to compare three models of demographic history in this species. A constant population size model was favored over models that included historic or recent population reductions. Our results suggest that impoundment of the Caney Fork and its tributaries, by completion of Great Falls Dam in 1916, was not responsible for the reduced genetic diversity in the sampled populations. Given the low levels of genetic diversity within populations and the limited geographic distribution, future conservation efforts should seek to maximize available habitat while simultaneously limiting the influences of anthropogenic stressors in the system. C1 [Robinson, John D.; Williams, Ashantye S.; Moyer, Gregory R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA USA. [Robinson, John D.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Simmons, Jeffrey W.] Tennessee Valley Author, Biol & Water Resources, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Robinson, JD (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish Technol Ctr, Conservat Genet Lab, Warm Springs, GA USA. EM robinson.johnd@gmail.com FU Tennessee Valley Authority; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville, Tennessee field office FX All collections were made under Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency permit 750 and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Threatened/Endangered permit TE117405-2. Support for this project was provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville, Tennessee field office. The authors would like to thank C. L. Phillips, J. T. Baxter, R. A. Kennon, G. Call, T. Shaw, and K. Robinson for assistance with field collections. Additionally, two reviewers provided helpful comments on the manuscript during peer review. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 1 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10592-012-0427-x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 077YL UT WOS:000314065200008 ER PT J AU Delay, S Gray, C Holmes, C Gomatom, K AF Delay, Sam Gray, Christopher Holmes, Chris Gomatom, Krish GP IEEE TI Impact of Heat PumpWater Heater Sizing on Energy and Demand Savings An Empirical Assessment in the Southeast United States SO 2013 IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SERVICE-ORIENTED COMPUTING AND APPLICATIONS (SOCA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA) CY DEC 16-18, 2013 CL Kauai, HI SP IEEE, Intel NTU Connected Context Comp Ctr, Tongji Univ, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Business Informat & Syst DE Heat Pump Water Heaters (HPWH); Coefficient of Performance (COP); Water Heater Sizing AB This paper explores the impact of adequately sizing HPWH units based on field installations and data collected from sites in the southeastern United States. Utilities may consider offering incentives for HPWHs based on tank size or estimated flow rates rather than technology type. To maximize the value to utilities, adequate sizing of HPWH units based on gallon per day (gpd) usage is imperative. C1 [Delay, Sam] Tennessee Valley Author, Technol Innovat, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Gray, Christopher] Southern Co, Birmingham, AL 35203 USA. [Holmes, Chris; Gomatom, Krish] EPRI, Energy Efficiency & DR, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Delay, S (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Technol Innovat, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM sjdelay@tva.gov; cmgray@southernco.com; cholmes@epri.com; kgomatom@epri.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2701-2 PY 2013 BP 314 EP 317 DI 10.1109/SOCA.2013.52 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB7JG UT WOS:000345618100048 ER PT S AU Sisworahardjo, N Ofoli, A Craven, S Eltom, A AF Sisworahardjo, N. Ofoli, Abdul Craven, Stephen Eltom, Ahmed GP IEEE TI State-of-the-Art Laboratories for Training the Modem Power Workforce SO 2013 IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING (PES) SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society (PES) CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Power-based laboratory; power engineering education; relays; power electronics and electric drives AB This paper describes the development of laboratory-based power engineering program at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC). Electrical Engineering Department of UTC, which is strategically located in the middle of the several power utilities, such as Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Electric Power Board (EPB), and Tennessee Valley Public Power Association (TVPPA), realizes the urgent need to maintain and improve power engineering program through establishing state-of-art power-related laboratories. As integral part of power engineering curriculum at UTC, the laboratories are as a result of partnership effort between power industries, other UTC's partners, and the University, along with the support by U. S. Department of energy (DOE). The laboratories are intended to be educational and research facilities for undergraduate and graduate students as well as training facilities for industry engineers, who are the future and current power workforce. C1 [Sisworahardjo, N.; Ofoli, Abdul; Eltom, Ahmed] Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. [Craven, Stephen] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Sisworahardjo, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. EM nurh@ieee.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4799-1303-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2013 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BA0LX UT WOS:000331874303145 ER PT J AU Harle, MS Meeks, S AF Harle, Michaelyn S. Meeks, Scott TI Environmental and dietary variation during the Dallas Phase in East Tennessee. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-13, 2013 CL Knoxville, TN SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [Harle, Michaelyn S.; Meeks, Scott] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2013 VL 150 SU 56 SI SI BP 142 EP 142 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 132BR UT WOS:000318043201336 ER PT J AU Kavanaugh, S Dinse, D AF Kavanaugh, Steve Dinse, David TI Long-Term Commercial GSHP Performance Part 6: Maintenance and Controls SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Kavanaugh, Steve] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Dinse, David] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Kavanaugh, S (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); Southern Company (SoCo); Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) FX The project was made possible with a tailored collaboration through the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), with the Southern Company (SoCo) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) providing the funding. Project direction and collaboration were provided by Ron Domitrovic (EPRI) and Chris Gray (SoCo). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 1 BP 24 EP + PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 068QO UT WOS:000313381500010 ER PT J AU Fisher, LS Wolfe, MH AF Fisher, L. Suzanne Wolfe, Mark H. TI Examination of mercury inputs by throughfall and litterfall in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Total mercury deposition; Throughfall; Litterfall; Mercury deposition ID ORGANIC-CARBON; METHYL MERCURY; BOREAL FOREST; DEPOSITION; CANOPY; PRECIPITATION AB Throughfall and litterfall represent two major pathways which comprise the bulk of the mercury that reaches the forest floor. In an effort to quantify total mercury deposition to forests, throughfall and litterfall samples were collected at three elevations in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) between April and November in 2008 and 2009. The mean (+/-standard error) volume-weighted throughfall total mercury concentration across all three sites ranged from 13.62 ng L-1 (+/-0.86) to 18.23 ng L-1 (+/-0.77) with a slight trend of higher throughfall mercury concentration at the high elevation spruce-fir sites relative to the low elevation mixed-hardwood site. The mean (+/-standard error) throughfall total mercury deposition across all sites ranged from 2.07 mu g m(-2) (+/-0.09) to 4.09 mu g m(-2) (+/-0.38). Mean (+/-standard error) mass-weighted litterfall concentration ranged from 37.2 ng g(-1) (+/-1.36) to 62.87 ng g(-1) (+/-1.94) and statistically higher (p = 0.02, p < 0.05) mean concentrations were observed at the higher elevation sites. The mean (+/-standard error) litterfall mercury deposition across all three sites ranged from 10.34 mu g m(-2) (+/-0.69) to 29.30 mu g m(-2) (+/-0.44). Although, no statistically (p = 0.05, p < 0.05) significant difference was observed between the sites for either throughfall or litterfall deposition, both increased from 2008 to 2009 at the lower elevation site. Mean litterfall deposition (17.93 mu g m(-2)) dominated Hg input for the two years studied over mean throughfall deposition (3.20 mu g m(-2)). Meanwhile, the mean throughfall concentration (17.8 ng L-1) dominated the mean open area precipitation input (6.03 ng L-1) at the high elevation site, suggesting evidence for a dry deposition component from the forest canopy. While the study was limited in scope, the results do provide some basic data that adds to understanding Hg inputs to the terrestrial ecosystem in general and in the GSMNP specifically. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fisher, L. Suzanne; Wolfe, Mark H.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Fisher, LS (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 400 W Summit Hill Dr, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. EM lsfisher@tva.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2012 VL 47 BP 554 EP 559 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.017 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903XY UT WOS:000301157700062 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Dattilo, AJ Scheffler, BE Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Dattilo, Adam J. Scheffler, Brian E. Trigiano, Robert N. TI DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSATELLITE LOCI FOR THE ENDANGERED SPECIES PITYOPSIS RUTHII (ASTERACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; conservation genetics; Pityopsis ruthii; population genetics; rare endemic; Ruth's golden aster ID LIBRARIES AB Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for the endangered species Pityopsis ruthii and will permit genetic and conservation studies of the species. Methods and Results: A microsatellite-enriched library was used to develop 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci for P. ruthii. The loci amplified perfect and imperfect repeats with three to seven alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.80 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 to 0.75. Conclusions: These microsatellite loci provide a sufficient set of markers for further investigation of population genetics of P. ruthii. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dattilo, Adam J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg,2431 Joe Johnson Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213]; Tennessee Valley Authority FX This study was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (grant no. 58-6404-7-213) and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Tennessee Valley Authority, the University of Tennessee, or the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD DEC PY 2011 VL 98 IS 12 BP E342 EP E345 DI 10.3732/ajb.1100100 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 863PB UT WOS:000298176800001 PM 22058180 ER PT J AU Luo, C Wang, YH Mueller, S Knipping, E AF Luo, Chao Wang, Yuhang Mueller, Stephen Knipping, Eladio TI Diagnosis of an underestimation of summertime sulfate using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Community Multiscale Air Quality; Model; Sulfate; Cloud processing; Model evaluation ID CMAQ MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SULFUR CYCLE; EAST-ASIA; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; AEROSOL COMPONENT; NATIONAL CENTER; CLIMATE MODEL; CLOUDS AB We evaluate the simulations of SO2 and sulfate using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) version 4.6 with the observations over the United States in 2002. MM5 was used for meteorological simulations. While the general seasonal cycles of SO2 and sulfate are simulated well by the model, we find significant systematic biases in the summer. The model low bias in sulfate is considerably more severe than the model bias in SO2. Both ACM and RADM schemes are used in the model to test the sensitivities of simulated sulfate to cloud processing. We carry out detailed modeling analysis and diagnostics for July 2002. Compared to satellite observations of cloud liquid water path, CMAQ cloud modules greatly overestimates convective (sub-grid) precipitating clouds, leading to large overestimation of sulfate wet scavenging. Limiting convective precipitating cloud fraction in the cloud modules to <10% and hence significantly reducing wet scavenging lead to much improved agreement between simulated and observed sulfate. The average lifetime of sulfate in the model increases from 1-2 days to 3-4 days for July. We show that a potential model problem of excessive wet scavenging of sulfate does not necessarily lead to apparent problems in model simulations of sulfate wet deposition rate compared to surface observations. In general, there is still a lack of direct observational constraints from air quality monitoring measurements on model simulated cloud processing of SO2 and sulfate. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Luo, Chao; Wang, Yuhang] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Mueller, Stephen] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Knipping, Eladio] Elect Power Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Luo, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM chao.luo@eas.gatech.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014 FU Southern Company; Tennessee Valley Authority FX This work was supported by the Southern Company. S. Mueller was supported by the Tennessee Valley Authority. We thank two anonymous reviewers for the suggestions and comments, particularly for the suggestion of examining the WRF-CMAQ (v4.7) simulation results. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 45 IS 29 BP 5119 EP 5130 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.029 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 809XY UT WOS:000294091200006 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Dattilo, AJ Vito, LM Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Dattilo, Adam J. Vito, Lisa M. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration in Pityopsis ruthii SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Endangered species; Ex-situ conservation; Flower receptacle; Leaf explant; Ruth's golden aster; Tissue culture ID PROPAGATION AB Pityopsis ruthii is an endangered herbaceous perennial species from the United States. In vitro multiplication of this species can be valuable for germplasm conservation. Flower receptacles of P. ruthii were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 11.4 mu M indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in combination with 2.2, 4.4 or 8.8 mu M 6-benzyladenine (BA). Shoots were visible within 14-28 days and three plants were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with 5.7 mu M IAA. A two tailed t-test for paired-variates revealed that shoot regeneration on MS medium amended with 11.4 mu M IAA and 2.2 mu M BA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than on other treatments. Leaf explants were also cultured on MS not supplemented with growth regulators or supplemented with 11.4 mu M IAA in combination with 0, 2.2, 4.4 or 8.8 mu M BA. Shoots were visible within 21-35 days and one plant was successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with 5.4 mu M NAA. Shoot regeneration on MS medium augmented with 11.4 mu M IAA and 2.2 mu M BA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the other treatments according to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a rank transformation. Hyperhydricity and rooting of shoots was problematic for explants derived from flower receptacles and leaf tissue, but viable plants were regenerated using both explants sources indicating the potential role for micropropagation in the ex situ conservation of the species. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Vito, Lisa M.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dattilo, Adam J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Nat Heritage Project, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213]; Tennessee Valley Authority FX We thank the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee for providing plant material and Mark Pistrang from the United States Forest Service for the photograph of Pityopsis ruthii. This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Grant # 58-6404-7-213 and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Tennessee, Tennessee Valley Authority or the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD SEP PY 2011 VL 106 IS 3 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1007/s11240-011-9930-x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 812BB UT WOS:000294261600017 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Valente, RJ Renfro, J AF Tanner, Roger L. Valente, Ralph J. Renfro, Jim TI Chemical mass balance of PM2.5 at a background NCore site in the Southeastern US SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 242nd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 28-SEP 01, 2011 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Chem Soc (ACS) C1 [Tanner, Roger L.; Valente, Ralph J.] TVA Environm Technol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Renfro, Jim] Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 28 PY 2011 VL 242 MA 258-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 880BE UT WOS:000299378302540 ER PT J AU Andrews, DM Barton, CD Kolka, RK Rhoades, CC Dattilo, AJ AF Andrews, Danielle M. Barton, Christopher D. Kolka, Randall K. Rhoades, Charles C. Dattilo, Adam J. TI SOIL AND WATER CHARACTERISTICS IN RESTORED CANEBRAKE AND FOREST RIPARIAN ZONES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE riparian restoration; water quality; nutrient dynamics; giant cane ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; HYPORHEIC ZONE; BUFFER ZONES; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; ARUNDINARIA-GIGANTEA; GIANT CANE; STREAM; CARBON; RESTORATION; VEGETATION AB The degradation of streams has been widespread in the United States. In Kentucky, for instance, almost all of its large streams have been impounded or channelized. A restoration project was initiated in a channelized section of Wilson Creek (Nelson Co., Kentucky) to return its predisturbance meandering configuration. A goal of the project was to restore the native riparian corridor with giant cane and bottomland forest species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of giant cane in riparian restoration and to compare water quality and soil attributes between restored cane and forested communities. Comparison of data to replicated sites of similar size in undisturbed upstream areas (control) was also examined to evaluate restoration success. Vegetation establishment was initially hindered by frequent flooding in 2004, but mean survival was good after two growing seasons with rates of 80 and 61% for forest and cane plots, respectively. Results showed an improvement in stream water quality due to restoration activities. Significant differences between the cane and forested plots in shallow groundwater dissolved oxygen, NO(3)(-)-N, NH(4)(+)-N, and Mn concentrations suggest that soil redox conditions were not similar between the two vegetation types. Retention and transformation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within the restored riparian system also differed by vegetation treatment; however, both communities appeared to be advancing toward conditions exhibited in the control section of Wilson Creek. C1 [Andrews, Danielle M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Barton, Christopher D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Res Ecosyst Change, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Rhoades, Charles C.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Dattilo, Adam J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Andrews, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM barton@uky.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This work was supported in part by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank the Bernheim Research Forest and Arboretum for assistance and logistical support. This paper is dedicated in memory of Dr. Jeff Jack, 1963-2007. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2011 VL 47 IS 4 BP 772 EP 784 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00555.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 796ZO UT WOS:000293092200010 ER PT J AU Wang, JJA Chan, JK Graziano, JA AF Wang, John Jy-An Chan, John K. Graziano, Joseph A. TI The Lifetime Estimate for ACSR Single-Stage Splice Connector Operating at Higher Temperatures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR); compressive residual stress; high-temperature low sag conductors; single-stage splice connector; tensile splice connector; thermal cycling; transmission lines AB The power transmission conductor system consists of: the aluminum conductor, the steel-core supporting material, and the splice connector. The splice connector connects the aluminum conductor to form a continuing current transmission line. The splice connector region of a conductor system is more sensitive to material aging during service. This is due to the material discontinuity and the crimped connector's forming mechanism. The objective of this project is to develop a protocol to evaluate the integrity of a full tension single-stage splice connector (SSC) assembly operated at high temperature. The project focuses on thermal mechanical testing, thermal cycling simulation and the effective lifetime of the SSC system. The investigation indicates that thermal cycling temperature and frequency, conductor cable tension loading, and the compressive residual stress field within a SSC system have significant impact on SSC integrity and its associated effective lifetime. The developed governing equation and its application to assure the adequate service life of transmission lines are also discussed in the paper. C1 [Wang, John Jy-An] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chan, John K.] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Graziano, Joseph A.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Wang, JJA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangja@ornl.gov; jchan@epri.com; jagraziano@tva.gov OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 FU EPRI HTLS Program; DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX This work was supported in part by EPRI HTLS Program and in par by the DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. Paper no. TPWRD-00607-2008. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1317 EP 1325 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2107921 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 784OY UT WOS:000292167800002 ER PT J AU Trigiano, RN Dattilo, AJ Wadl, PA AF Trigiano, R. N. Dattilo, A. J. Wadl, P. A. TI First Report of Powdery Mildew on Ruth's Golden Aster (Pityopsis ruthii) Caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum (Erysiphe cichoracearum) SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Trigiano, R. N.; Wadl, P. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dattilo, A. J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Biol Compliance, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Trigiano, RN (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUL PY 2011 VL 95 IS 7 BP 879 EP 879 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-11-0289 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 780XD UT WOS:000291893300034 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Mallard, JW AF Mueller, Stephen F. Mallard, Jonathan W. TI Contributions of Natural Emissions to Ozone and PM2.5 as Simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION INFLUENCES; UNITED-STATES; BACKGROUND OZONE; REGIONAL HAZE; VISIBILITY; AEROSOLS AB The relative roles of natural and anthropogenic sources in determining ozone and fine particle concentrations over the continental United States (U.S.) are investigated using an expanded emissions inventory of natural sources and an updated version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Various 12-month CMAQ simulations for the year 2002 using different sets of input emissions data are combined to delineate the contributions of background pollutants (i.e., model boundary conditions), natural emissions, anthropogenic emissions, as well as the specific impacts of lightning and wildfires. Results are compared with observations and previous air quality model simulations. Wildfires and lightning are both identified as contributing significantly to ozone levels with lightning NOx adding as much as 25-30 ppbV (or up to about 50%) to surface 8-h average natural O-3 mixing ratios in the southeastern U.S. Simulated wildfire emissions added more than 50 ppbV (in some cases > 90%) to 8-h natural 03 at several locations in the west. Modeling also indicates that natural emissions (including biogenic, oceanic, geogenic and fires) contributed <= 40% to the annual average of total simulated fine particle mass over the eastern two-thirds of the U.S. and > 40% across most of the western U.S. Biogenic emissions are the dominant source of particulate mass over the entire U.S. and wildfire emissions are secondary. Averaged over the entire modeling domain, background and natural ozone are dominant with anthropogenically derived ozone contributing up to a third of the total only during summer. Background contributions to fine particle levels are relatively insignificant in comparison. Model results are also contrasted with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) default values for natural light scattering particle concentrations to be used for regional haze regulatory decision-making. Regional differences in EPA guidance are not supported by the modeling and EPA uncertainty estimates for default values are far smaller than the modeled variability in natural particle concentrations. C1 [Mueller, Stephen F.; Mallard, Jonathan W.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfmueller@tva.gov RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU EPRI; TVA FX We are grateful for the support and encouragement provided by persons at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). We specifically thank colleagues Eladio Knipping (EPRI) and Roger Tanner (TVA) for their advice. Modeling for this project would not have been possible without the work of Shandon Smith (TVA) on emissions data processing. Funding by EPRI and TVA supported this work. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 11 BP 4817 EP 4823 DI 10.1021/es103645m PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 771AD UT WOS:000291128700024 PM 21545154 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Mao, Q Mallard, JW AF Mueller, S. F. Mao, Q. Mallard, J. W. TI Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model - Part 2: Modifications for simulating natural emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; CLOUD CHEMISTRY; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.6 has been revised with regard to the representation of chlorine (HCl, ClNO2) and sulfur (dimethylsulfide, or DMS, and H2S), and evaluated against observations and earlier published models. Chemistry parameterizations were based on published reaction kinetic data and a recently developed cloud chemistry model that includes heterogeneous reactions of organic sulfur compounds. Evaluation of the revised model was conducted using a recently enhanced data base of natural emissions that includes ocean and continental sources of DMS, H2S, chlorinated gases and lightning NOx for the continental United States and surrounding regions. Results using 2002 meteorology and emissions indicated that most simulated "natural" (plus background) chemical and aerosol species exhibit the expected seasonal variations at the surface. Ozone exhibits a winter and early spring maximum consistent with ozone data and an earlier published model. Ozone distributions reflect the influences of atmospheric dynamics and pollutant background levels imposed on the CMAQ simulation by boundary conditions derived from a global model. A series of model experiments reveals that the consideration of gas-phase organic sulfur chemistry leads to sulfate aerosol increases over most of the continental United States. Cloud chemistry parameterization changes result in widespread decreases in SO2 across the modeling domain and both increases and decreases in sulfate. Most cloud-mediated sulfate increases occurred mainly over the Pacific Ocean (up to about 0.1 mu gm(-3)) but also over and downwind from the Gulf of Mexico (including parts of the eastern US). Geographic variations in simulated SO2 and sulfate are due to the link between DMS/H2S and their byproduct SO2, the heterogeneity of cloud cover and precipitation (precipitating clouds act as net sinks for SO2 and sulfate), and the persistence of cloud cover (the largest relative sulfate increases occurred over the persistently cloudy Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic Ocean). Overall, the addition of organic sulfur chemistry increased hourly surface sulfate levels by up to 1-2 mu gm(-3) but reduced sulfate levels in the vicinity of high SO2 emissions (e.g., wildfires). Simulated surface levels of DMS compare reasonably well with observations in the marine boundary layer where DMS oxidation product levels are lower than observed. This implies either a low bias in model oxidation rates of organic sulfur species or a low bias in the boundary conditions for DMS oxidation products. This revised version of CMAQ provides a tool for realistically simulating the influence of natural emissions on air quality. C1 [Mueller, S. F.; Mao, Q.; Mallard, J. W.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfmueller@tva.gov FU Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX This work was funded by the environmental research program of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The authors are indebted to the efforts of our colleague, Shandon Smith, who prepared the natural emissions data base used in this project. We are also grateful for the constructive feedback provided by Roger Tanner (TVA) and Eladio Knipping (EPRI) during the course of this work. NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 293 EP 320 DI 10.5194/acp-11-293-2011 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 705ZO UT WOS:000286180200021 ER PT J AU Chan, MN Surratt, JD Chan, AWH Schilling, K Offenberg, JH Lewandowski, M Edney, EO Kleindienst, TE Jaoui, M Edgerton, ES Tanner, RL Shaw, SL Zheng, M Knipping, EM Seinfeld, JH AF Chan, M. N. Surratt, J. D. Chan, A. W. H. Schilling, K. Offenberg, J. H. Lewandowski, M. Edney, E. O. Kleindienst, T. E. Jaoui, M. Edgerton, E. S. Tanner, R. L. Shaw, S. L. Zheng, M. Knipping, E. M. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Influence of aerosol acidity on the chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol from beta-caryophyllene SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOSULFATE FORMATION; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PINENE OZONOLYSIS; AMBIENT AEROSOL; PHASE REACTIONS; HONG-KONG; ISOPRENE; GAS AB The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield of beta-caryophyllene photooxidation is enhanced by aerosol acidity. In the present study, the influence of aerosol acidity on the chemical composition of beta-caryophyllene SOA is investigated using ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-TOFMS). A number of first-, second- and higher-generation gas-phase products having carbonyl and carboxylic acid functional groups are detected in the particle phase. Particle-phase reaction products formed via hydration and organosulfate formation processes are also detected. Increased acidity leads to different effects on the abundance of individual products; significantly, abundances of organosulfates are correlated with aerosol acidity. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of organosulfates and nitrated organosulfates derived from a sesquiterpene. The increase of certain particle-phase reaction products with increased acidity provides chemical evidence to support the acid-enhanced SOA yields. Based on the agreement between the chromatographic retention times and accurate mass measurements of chamber and field samples, three beta-caryophyllene products (i.e., beta-nocaryophyllon aldehyde, beta-hydroxynocaryophyllon aldehyde, and beta-dihydroxynocaryophyllon aldehyde) are suggested as chemical tracers for beta-caryophyllene SOA. These compounds are detected in both day and night ambient samples collected in downtown Atlanta, GA and rural Yorkville, GA during the 2008 August Mini-Intensive Gas and Aerosol Study (AMIGAS). C1 [Chan, M. N.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Surratt, J. D.; Chan, A. W. H.; Schilling, K.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Offenberg, J. H.; Lewandowski, M.; Edney, E. O.; Kleindienst, T. E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Jaoui, M.] Alion Sci & Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Edgerton, E. S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Tanner, R. L.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL USA. [Shaw, S. L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Zheng, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Knipping, E. M.] Elect Power Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Chan, Arthur/I-2233-2013; Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009 OI Chan, Arthur/0000-0001-7392-4237; Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450 FU Electric Power Research Institute; Southern Company, Birmingham, AL; US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [68-D-00-206] FX This work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute and the Southern Company, Birmingham, AL. We acknowledge all members of the AMIGAS for their support during the field campaign. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract 68-D-00-206 to Alion Science and Technology. It has been subject to Agency review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 48 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 78 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2011 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1735 EP 1751 DI 10.5194/acp-11-1735-2011 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 727JW UT WOS:000287795700024 ER PT J AU Zaveri, RA Voss, PB Berkowitz, CM Fortner, E Zheng, J Zhang, RY Valente, RJ Tanner, RL Holcomb, D Hartley, TP Baran, L AF Zaveri, Rahul A. Voss, Paul B. Berkowitz, Carl M. Fortner, Edward Zheng, Jun Zhang, Renyi Valente, Ralph J. Tanner, Roger L. Holcomb, Daniel Hartley, Thomas P. Baran, Leslie TI Overnight atmospheric transport and chemical processing of photochemically aged Houston urban and petrochemical industrial plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEROXYCARBOXYLIC NITRIC ANHYDRIDES; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; POWER-PLANT PLUME; TEXAS AIR-QUALITY; OZONE FORMATION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; REACTIVE UPTAKE AB Overnight atmospheric transport and chemical evolution of photochemically aged Houston urban and petrochemical industrial plume were investigated in July 2005. We report here on the 26 July episode in which the aged plume was tagged 1.5 h before sunset with a pair of free-floating controlled meteorological balloons, which guided quasi-Lagrangian aircraft sampling in the plume as it was advected 300 km to the north over 8 h. The aged plume around sunset was well mixed within a 1600 m residual layer, and was characterized by enhanced levels of aerosol, O-3, CO, olefins, acetaldehyde, total odd nitrogen compounds (NOy), and relatively small amounts (<1 ppbv) of NOx. The plume experienced appreciable shearing overnight due to the development of a low-altitude nocturnal jet between 300 and 500 m above mean sea level (MSL). However, the plume above 600 m MSL remained largely undiluted even after 8 h of transport due to lack of turbulent mixing above the jet. About 40-60% of the NOx present in the aged plume around sunset was found to be depleted over this 8 h period. A constrained plume modeling analysis of the quasi-Lagrangian aircraft observations suggested that by dawn this NOx was converted to nitric acid, organic nitrates, and peroxy acyl nitrates via reactions of NO3 radicals with enhanced levels of olefins and aldehydes in the plume. Sensitivity of NOx depletion to heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on aerosols was examined. These results have significant implications for the impacts of urban and industrial pollution on far downwind regions. C1 [Zaveri, Rahul A.; Berkowitz, Carl M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Voss, Paul B.] Smith Coll, Picker Engn Program, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Fortner, Edward] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Zheng, Jun; Zhang, Renyi] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Valente, Ralph J.; Tanner, Roger L.] Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. [Holcomb, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Elect Engn & Comp Sci Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hartley, Thomas P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Baran, Leslie] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Zaveri, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, MSIN K9-30,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rahul.zaveri@pnl.gov RI Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010; OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807 FU DOE Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their detailed and thoughtful comments on the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC), Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC), and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) during 2005 for the SETTS field campaign and during 2008-2009 for the analysis of the data. Partial support was also provided by the DOE Atmospheric System Research (ASR) Program. We are also grateful to Brian Wing and the staff at Wing Aviation at the Lone Star Executive airport in Conroe, Texas, for hosting us. We thank Scott Seibold of Twin Otter International and the pilots, Bill Clark and Cathy Todoverto, for translating our scientific goals into safe and flawless missions. Finally, we are most grateful to Jay Olaguer and Alex Cuclis at HARC and Doug Boyer and Ken Rozacky at TCEQ for their support and guidance throughout this project. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 3 PY 2010 VL 115 AR D23303 DI 10.1029/2009JD013495 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690PQ UT WOS:000285017100002 ER PT J AU Dimick, BP Stucky, JM Wall, W Vepraskas, MJ Wentworth, TR Arellano, C AF Dimick, Britta P. Stucky, Jon M. Wall, Wade Vepraskas, Michael J. Wentworth, Thomas R. Arellano, Consuello TI Plant-Soil-Hydrology Relationships in Three Carolina Bays in Bladen County, North Carolina SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID COASTAL-PLAIN; DEPRESSION WETLANDS; CONSERVATION; VEGETATION; PEATLANDS; USA AB This study provides quantitative ecological targets for restoring degraded peat-based Carolina Bays in the Carolina Flatwoods Ecoregion. Cluster analysis of vegetation data from three Carolina Bay reference sites in Bladen County, North Carolina, indicated four plant communities present: pond pine (Pin us serotina) woodland, non-riverine swamp forest dominated by swamp gum (Nyssa biflora), high pocosin dominated by evergreen shrubs with scattered pond pine, and bay forest dominated by loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus). We classified bay soils according to surface organic layer thickness (OLT) into mineral, histic, shallow organic, and deep organic types. We monitored the water table of each soil type in one bay throughout one growing season. The soil types with corresponding water table regimes were: mineral (9.4 cm mean OLT with a rooting zone water table [RZWT] 39% of the monitoring period), histic (27.5 cm OLT and 76% RZWT), shallow organic (63.9 cm OLT and 84% RZWT), and deep organic (102.5 cm OLT and 57% RZWT). Pearson residual analysis and correspondence analysis revealed that pond pine woodland was positively associated with mineral and histic soils, non-riverine swamp forest with shallow organic soil, bay forest with deep organic soil, and high pocosin with deep organic soil. We concluded that peat-based Carolina Bay restoration in the Carolina Flatwoods Ecoregion should be gauged against reference data which suggests: 1) pond pine woodland be established on mineral and histic soils; 2) non-riverine swamp forest be established on shallow organic soils; and 3) high pocosin and bay forest be established on deep organic soils. C1 [Dimick, Britta P.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Stucky, Jon M.; Wall, Wade; Wentworth, Thomas R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Vepraskas, Michael J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Arellano, Consuello] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Dimick, BP (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 400 W Summit Hill,WT11-C, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. EM bpdimick@tva.gov FU North Carolina Department of Transportation FX Funding was provided by North Carolina Department of Transportation. We thank Dr. Stephen Broome and Dr. Jim Gregory, North Carolina State University, for their expertise in experimental design; Michael Shafale, North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, for the recorded natural history of the reference bays; Michael Chestnut, Bladen Lakes State Forest, for access to research sites; and Alex Adams, Justin Ewing, Sara Lughinbul, Alex Baldwin, and Tripp Cox, North Carolina State University, for their technical assistance. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 11 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 EI 1938-4386 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP 407 EP 420 DI 10.2179/09-063.1 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 725LG UT WOS:000287645600002 ER PT J AU Cowan, S Underwood, J AF Cowan, Steve Underwood, John TI Restart Source Term Reduction Initiatives SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Cowan, Steve; Underwood, John] TVA, Decatur, AL 35609 USA. RP Cowan, S (reprint author), TVA, POB 2000, Decatur, AL 35609 USA. EM srcowan@tva.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5 BP 47 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 661LJ UT WOS:000282729500008 ER PT J AU Chan, MN Surratt, JD Claeys, M Edgerton, ES Tanner, RL Shaw, SL Zheng, M Knipping, EM Eddingsaas, NC Wennberg, PO Seinfeld, JH AF Chan, Man Nin Surratt, Jason D. Claeys, Magda Edgerton, Eric S. Tanner, Roger L. Shaw, Stephanie L. Zheng, Mei Knipping, Eladio M. Eddingsaas, Nathan C. Wennberg, Paul O. Seinfeld, John H. TI Characterization and Quantification of Isoprene-Derived Epoxydiols in Ambient Aerosol in the Southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; COARSE PARTICULATE MATTER; PHOTOOXIDATION; MASS; FRAGMENTATION; ETHERS; FINE AB Isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) are identified in ambient aerosol samples for the first time, together with other previously identified isoprene tracers (i.e., 2-methyltetrols, 2-methylglyceric acid, C(5)-alkenetriols, and organosulfate derivatives of 2-methyltetrols). Fine ambient aerosol collected in downtown Atlanta, GA and rural Yorkville, GA during the 2008 August Mini-Intensive Gas and Aerosol Study (AMIGAS) was analyzed using both gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS) with prior trimethylsilylation. Mass concentrations of IEPOX ranged from similar to 1 to 24 ng m(-3) in the aerosol collected from the two sites. Detection of particle-phase IEPOX in the AMIGAS samples supports recent laboratory results that gas-phase IEPOX produced from the photooxidation of isoprene under low-NO, conditions is a key precursor of ambient isoprene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. On average, the sum of the mass concentrations of IEPOX and the measured isoprene SOA tracers accounted for about 3% of the organic carbon, demonstrating the significance of isoprene oxidation to the formation of ambient aerosol in this region. C1 [Chan, Man Nin; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Surratt, Jason D.; Eddingsaas, Nathan C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Claeys, Magda] Univ Antwerp, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Edgerton, Eric S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC USA. [Tanner, Roger L.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Shaw, Stephanie L.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Zheng, Mei] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Knipping, Eladio M.] Elect Power Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Wennberg, Paul O.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Surratt, Jason/D-3611-2009 OI Surratt, Jason/0000-0002-6833-1450 FU Electric Power Research Institute; Southern Company, Birmingham, AL; AMIGAS FX This work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute and the Southern Company, Birmingham, AL. We acknowledge all members of the AMIGAS for their support during the field campaign. We thank Arthur W. H. Chan and Christine L. Loza for the generation of the low-NO, isoprene SOA and Kathryn E. Kautzman for assistance with the GC/TOFMS measurement. NR 29 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 3 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4590 EP 4596 DI 10.1021/es100596b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 608WP UT WOS:000278617000036 PM 20476767 ER PT J AU Rogers, WJ Carriker, NE Vitale, RJ AF Rogers, William J. Carriker, Neil E. Vitale, Rock J. TI Kingston fossil plant ash release - Assessment at one year SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on Goldschmidt 2010 - Earth, Energy, and the Environment CY JUN 13-18, 2010 CL Knoxville, TN C1 [Vitale, Rock J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Vitale, Rock J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Harriman, TN 37748 USA. [Vitale, Rock J.] Environm Standrds Inc, Valley Forge, PA 19482 USA. EM wjrogers@tva.gov; necarriker@tva.gov; rvitale@envstd.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 12 SU 1 BP A878 EP A878 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 676TL UT WOS:000283941402459 ER PT J AU Beard, LM Cardell, JB Dobson, I Galvan, F Hawkins, D Jewell, W Kezunovic, M Overbye, TJ Sen, PK Tylavsky, DJ AF Beard, Lisa M. Cardell, Judith B. Dobson, Ian Galvan, Floyd Hawkins, David Jewell, Ward Kezunovic, Mladen Overbye, Thomas J. Sen, Pankaj K. (P K) Tylavsky, Daniel J. TI Key Technical Challenges for the Electric Power Industry and Climate Change SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article DE Alternative technologies; electric power research; extreme weather; global climate change; government policy ID DECARBONISATION PROCESSES AB This paper, prepared by the Climate Change Technology Subcommittee, a subcommittee of the Power and Energy Society Energy Development and Power Generation Committee, identifies key technical issues facing the electric power industry, related to global climate change. The technical challenges arise from: 1) impacts on system operating strategies, configuration, and expansion plans of emission-reducing technologies; 2) power infrastructure response to extreme weather events; 3) effects of government policies including an expanded use of renewable and alternative energy technologies; and 4) impacts of market rules on power system operation. Possible lessons from other industries' responses to climate change are explored. C1 [Beard, Lisa M.] Tennessee Valley Author, Transmiss Technol, Knoxville, TN 37918 USA. [Cardell, Judith B.] Smith Coll, Dept Comp Sci, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Dobson, Ian] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Galvan, Floyd] Entergy Corp, Res & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. [Hawkins, David] CAISO, Folsom, CA 95763 USA. [Jewell, Ward] Wichita State Univ, PSERC, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Kezunovic, Mladen] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Overbye, Thomas J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sen, Pankaj K. (P K)] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tylavsky, Daniel J.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Beard, LM (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Transmiss Technol, Knoxville, TN 37918 USA. EM lmbeard@tva.gov; jcardell@smith.edu; dobson@engr.wisc.edu; fgalvan@entergy.com; dhawkins@caiso.com; ward.jewell@wi-chita.edu; kezunov@ece.tamu.edu; overbye@illinois.edu; psen@mines.edu; tylavsky@asu.edu RI Dobson, Ian/C-3989-2008 OI Dobson, Ian/0000-0001-7018-5475 FU Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC); Tennessee Valley Authority FX Manuscript received February 04, 2009; revised June 17, 2009; accepted June 26, 2009. Date of publication December 15, 2009; date of current version May 21, 2010. This work was supported by the Power Systems Engineering Research Center (PSERC) and the Tennessee Valley Authority. This paper was submitted by the IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES) Climate Change Technology Subcommittee, Tom Baumann, Chair, a subcommittee of the Power and Energy Society Energy Development and Power Generation Committee, Lou Wozniak, Chair, with primary contributions by Judith B. Cardell, Member, IEEE, Ian Dobson, Fellow, IEEE, Ward Jewell, Fellow, IEEE, Mladen Kezunovic, Fellow, IEEE, Thomas J. Overbye, Fellow, IEEE, Pankaj K. (PK) Sen, Senior Member, IEEE, Daniel J. Tylavsky, Senior Member, IEEE, Lisa M. Beard, Member, IEEE, Floyd Galvan, Member, IEEE, David Hawkins, Life Member, IEEE, and James McConnach, Senior Member, IEEE. Paper no. TEC-00056-2009. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1109/TEC.2009.2032578 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 601MN UT WOS:000278063800023 ER PT J AU Simmons, JW Fraley, SJ AF Simmons, Jeffrey W. Fraley, Stephen J. TI Distribution, Status, and Life-history Observations of Crayfishes in Western North Carolina SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Approximately 390 native North American crayfish species are known, representing nearly two-thirds of the world's crayfish fauna. The majority of these species occur in the southeastern United States. North Carolina supports a substantial proportion of that diversity with 41 described indigenous crayfish species, 12 of which are endemic, and 3 introduced species, many of which are of significant conservation interest. In the late 1990s, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC) began a focused effort to inventory and establish baselines for monitoring populations of both native stream-dwelling and burrowing crayfishes and invasive non-native species. During 2004-2005, that effort was completed for the Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, Savannah, French Broad, Watauga, New, Catawba, and Broad river basins in western North Carolina. Twenty-four stream-dwelling species and 5 burrowing species were collected from 199 stream sites and 58 burrowing sites. New records for many species, including a new river basin record for Cambarus reduncus (Sickle Crayfish), and new county records for C. howardi (Chattahoochee Crayfish), C. dubius (Upland Burrowing Crayfish), and C. nodosus (Knotty Burrowing Crayfish), were determined during these surveys. Small range expansions were documented for Orconectes virilis (Virile Crayfish; not native to North Carolina) and for Procambarus acutus (White River Crawfish; introduced outside its native range in North Carolina). We failed to detect the non-native O. rusticus (Rusty Crayfish), and P. clarkii (Red Swamp Crawfish) at or near previously reported localities. Observations of life-history traits, such as reproductive condition, fecundity, and habitat use were recorded. Specimens were also provided to crayfish taxonomists to help resolve certain taxonomic problems and to assist in the completion of new species descriptions. Data collected during this and previous NCWRC inventories, as well as data obtained from the North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Division of Water Quality, Ohio State University, and other cooperators, were incorporated into a detailed GIS database. This database was used to identify data gaps to guide sampling efforts and to assess species and population status. In the future, this GIS database should provide a useful tool in monitoring the status of native crayfish populations and the spread of invasive species, and informing conservation and management decision making. C1 [Simmons, Jeffrey W.; Fraley, Stephen J.] N Carolina Wildlife Resources Commiss, Mail Serv Ctr 1701, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. RP Simmons, JW (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 1101 Market St,PSC 1X-C, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jwsim-mons0@tva.gov FU federal State Wildlife Grant; Carolina Natural Heritage Trust Fund; US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Program, including the West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit FX This project was supported by a federal State Wildlife Grant, North Carolina Natural Heritage Trust Fund, and other state matching-fund sources. Collections from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park were made under Scientific Research and Collecting Permit number GRSM-2005-SCI-0018. Specimens from the Blue Ridge Parkway (BRP) were provided by E. M. Scott (Tennessee Valley Authority, permitted by the BRP). Other specimens were provided by M. C. Campen, J.A. Coombs, W. Taylor, and L. Williams. Additional species occurrence data were provided by J.E. Cooper, S. A. Cooper, B. H. Tracy, and R. F. Thoma. Special thanks to J.E. Cooper for his invaluable guidance and for verifying voucher specimens, and to our dedicated field technicians, J.A. Hartsell and D. L. Bell, without whom this work could not have been completed. We also appreciate the contributions of L. H. Lawson, who served briefly as a technician in the early phase of this project and whose work with S. Buback and the Southern Appalachian Biodiversity Project provided additional data. Special thanks to the citizens of western North Carolina who informed us of burrowing crayfish localities and who allowed us to collect on their property. We thank R. S. Butler, J.E. Cooper, R. B. Nichols, S. A. Welsh, C.J. Wood, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their editorial review and contributions to the quality of this manuscript. The publication of this manuscript was supported, in part, by the US Geological Survey Cooperative Research Unit Program, including the West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PD JUN PY 2010 VL 9 SI 3 BP 79 EP 126 DI 10.1656/058.009.s316 PG 48 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24FX UT WOS:000208397400005 ER PT J AU Woo, CK Greening, LA AF Woo, Chi-Keung Greening, Lorna A. TI SPECIAL ISSUE Demand Response Resources: the US and International Experience introduction SO ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PARETO-SUPERIOR; TIME; ELECTRICITY; MARKETS; POWER C1 [Woo, Chi-Keung] Energy & Environm Econ Inc, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Woo, Chi-Keung] City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Econ & Finance, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Greening, Lorna A.] Tennessee Valley Author TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Woo, CK (reprint author), Energy & Environm Econ Inc, 101 Montgomery St,Suite 1600, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. EM ck@ethree.com NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD APR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 4 SI SI BP 1515 EP 1517 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2009.11.021 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 590IF UT WOS:000277218100001 ER PT B AU Azzazy, SE Cochran, RD Cox, LS AF Azzazy, Salah E. Cochran, Russell D. Cox, Larry Sam GP ASME TI BULL RUN FOSSIL PLANT - TECHNICAL DESIGN METHODS FOR SUPERHEAT PENDANT OUTLET HEADERS REPLACEMENT SO ASME POWER CONFERENCE, 2010 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Power Conference 2010 CY JUL 13-15, 2010 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Power Div AB Bull Run Unit 1, rated at 950 MW, is the first of four fossil supercritical power plants at Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The unit went into commercial operation in 1967. The boiler (consists of two furnaces) built by Combustion Engineering (CE) has a radiant reheat twin divided furnace with tangential-fired coal burners. The unit's maximum continuous rating (MCR) is 6,400,000 lbs/hr of main steam flow, with a design temperature of 1003 degrees F and pressure of 3840 psig. Through the end of 2008, the unit had a total of approximately 670 cumulative starts and 333,185 operating hours. After years of numerous tube cracks at the Superheat Pendant Outlet Header/Tube Nozzles resulting in repetitive forced plant shutdowns, TVA decided to replace the two Outlet Headers (one for each furnace) in Fall 2008 during a reliability outage. Since the entire Main Steam piping system was installed with cold pull at almost every longitudinal pipe segment, the main challenge from the engineering mechanics point of view was how to restrain the piping system especially at the Crossover Outlet Links inside each furnace Penthouse. Further constructability reviews indicated that there were not enough adjacent steel frames inside each furnace to restrain the four Crossover Outlet Links in the three global directions during the Outlet Headers replacement inside each Penthouse. The only existing steel above the Crossover Outlet Links is embedded in asbestos insulation, and the removal of the insulation to provide access for the temporary restraints was determined to be costly and time consuming. The insulation removal would have also caused the scheduled outage to be extended significantly and unrealistically. After careful assessment, technical evaluation, and several constructability reviews; it was decided to take an unconventional approach for relieving the inherent cold pull in three global directions by cutting the four Mixing Headers outside each furnace. In addition, the concept of installing several temporary restraints was utilized for the vertical and lateral directions inside the furnace Penthouse, as well as several others outside the Boiler to control the piping configuration of the four Mixing Headers. This approach achieved two purposes: 1- relieving the inherent cold pulls in three global directions and 2- controlling the four Outlet Links pipe end positions with respect to the new Superheat Pendant Outlet Header nozzles. This unconventional method used to relieve the piping cold pull from outside the Boilers, to control the Outlet Links movements inside the Boiler Penthouses, and to restrain the entire Main Steam piping system was successfully developed and implemented in the Fall 2008 reliability outage to replace the two Superheat Pendant Outlet Headers. This unconventional method is described in this paper. C1 [Azzazy, Salah E.; Cochran, Russell D.; Cox, Larry Sam] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Azzazy, SE (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4935-4 PY 2010 BP 295 EP 308 DI 10.1115/POWER2010-27007 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BUW38 UT WOS:000290506400034 ER PT J AU Smith, SN Mueller, SF AF Smith, S. N. Mueller, S. F. TI Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model-I: building an emissions data base SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; ORGANIC VOLATILE SULFUR; CHLORINE EMISSIONS; LIGHTNING NOX; URBAN OZONE; AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERE; DIMETHYLSULFIDE; INVENTORY; CHEMISTRY AB A natural emissions inventory for the continental United States and surrounding territories is needed in order to use the US Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for simulating natural air quality. The CMAQ air modeling system (including the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emissions processing system) currently estimates non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions from biogenic sources, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from soils, ammonia from animals, several types of particulate and reactive gas emissions from fires, as well as sea salt emissions. However, there are several emission categories that are not commonly treated by the standard CMAQ Model system. Most notable among these are nitrogen oxide emissions from lightning, reduced sulfur emissions from oceans, geothermal features and other continental sources, windblown dust particulate, and reactive chlorine gas emissions linked with sea salt chloride. A review of past emissions modeling work and existing global emissions data bases provides information and data necessary for preparing a more complete natural emissions data base for CMAQ applications. A model-ready natural emissions data base is developed to complement the anthropogenic emissions inventory used by the VISTAS Regional Planning Organization in its work analyzing regional haze based on the year 2002. This new data base covers a modeling domain that includes the continental United States plus large portions of Canada, Mexico and surrounding oceans. Comparing July 2002 source data reveals that natural emissions account for 16% of total gaseous sulfur (sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide), 44% of total NOx, 80% of reactive carbonaceous gases (NMVOCs and carbon monoxide), 28% of ammonia, 96% of total chlorine (hydrochloric acid, nitryl chloride and sea salt chloride), and 84% of fine particles (i.e., those smaller than 2.5 mu m in size) released into the atmosphere. The seasonality and relative importance of the various natural emissions categories are described. C1 [Smith, S. N.; Mueller, S. F.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Smith, SN (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM snsmith@tva.gov RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); TVA Environmental Research Program FX The authors are grateful to Elizabeth Bailey, Jimmie Kelsoe, Qi Mao, and Jon Mallard for their contributions to the research and computations involved in this work. We would also like to thank Lesley Ott (UMBC/GEST, Greenbelt, MD) for her guidance and support in the determination of methods for simulating lightning NOx and Gerard Mansell (ENVIRON International Corporation, Novato, CA) for the datasets, guidance, and support he provided in the determination of methods for simulating wild animal NH3 and windblown dust. We are also grateful to James Boylan (Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA) and Cyndi Loomis (Alpine Geophysics, Arvada, CO) for providing the anthropogenic emission inventories as well as Sheryl McCrary and John Cramer (VAISALA Inc., Tucson, AZ) for support and guidance on the NLDN data. This study was supported through research funds from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the TVA Environmental Research Program. NR 86 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 10 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2010 VL 10 IS 10 BP 4931 EP 4952 DI 10.5194/acp-10-4931-2010 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 603CE UT WOS:000278184700033 ER PT J AU Trachian, P AF Trachian, Paul GP IEEE TI Machine Learning and Windowed Subsecond Event Detection on PMU Data via Hadoop and the openPDC SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PES General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE openPDC; synchrophasor; Hadoop; PMU AB The high rate of data samples reported by devices that support PMU functionality forces the use of non-traditional methods in order to attempt realtime anomaly detection. Two methods discussed are offline machine learning and a realtime sliding window procedure. In using machine learning techniques it is possible to assert a classifier algorithm, which to a certain degree of accuracy can flag incoming data for further operation when applied in realtime. The open source project Hadoop provides the storage architecture for large datasets (petabyte scale) as well as the MapReduce computational framework for distributed computing to produce these classifiers. Additionally, a sliding window of realtime data can be used to present a longer data sample window than the device report rate allowing for a heuristic hysteresis approach. The open source openPDC promotes the implementation of the classifier and sliding window in a realtime environment operating on new measurements thirty times a second. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Trachian, P (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM pbtrachian@tva.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611901112 ER PT S AU Zhang, G Lee, S Ritchie, C Zuo, JA Beard, L Liu, YL AF Zhang, G. Lee, S. Ritchie, Carroll Zuo, Jian Beard, Lisa Liu, Yilu GP IEEE TI Wide Area Power System Visualization Using Real-Time SynchroPhasor Measurements SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE SynchroPhasor; Synchronized Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU); Visualization; Contour; Real-time Reliability Monitoring; Near Real-Time Event Replay; Smart Client; Visualization; Web Services; Post Event Analysis AB It is critically important for improving the wide area situation awareness of the operators or operational engineers and regional reliability coordinators of a large interconnected systems to prevent large scale cascading system outages. This paper describes an advanced wide-area power system visualization application (WAPSVA) for the real-time reliability monitoring using real-time synchrophasor measurements and for the post event analysis using historical synchrophasor measurements related to the large system events. This paper also presents a very useful feature which will allow a large number of users to perform the near real-time event replay a few seconds after a new large event occurs in a large interconnected power system. This wide area power system visualization application can also show the location, magnitude and the related event message on the visualization display in real-time by integration with the on-line event triggering and location of disturbance applications. The main performance challenges of the visualization application include how to efficiently handle large volume of synchrophasor measurements and how to support large number of concurrent users for performing real-time reliability monitoring, near real-time event replay or post event analysis. This paper describes the technologies used in the WAPSVA application to meet the challenging performance requirements. The technologies include the memory residence object oriented database, event oriented database and Smart Client. The system architecture, the technical approaches and the solution algorithms used in this visualization application are described in detail. This visualization application has been integrated and tested using the simulated synchrophasor measurements and the real time synchrophasor measurements of Eastern Interconnections at the TVA Super Phasor Data Concentrator (SPDC). The performance of the initial testing is very encouraging and the test results are presented in this paper. C1 [Zhang, G.] EPRI, Power Syst Assets Planning & Operat Dept, Palo Alto, CA 94302 USA. [Lee, S.] EPRI, Power Delivery & Markets, Palo Alto, CA 94302 USA. [Ritchie, Carroll] TVA, Field Device Integrat, Chattanooga, TN 37902 USA. [Zuo, Jian] TVA, Synchrophasor Applicat & Power Syst Stabil, Chattanooga, TN 37902 USA. [Beard, Lisa] TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37902 USA. [Liu, Yilu] UTK, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhang, G (reprint author), EPRI, Power Syst Assets Planning & Operat Dept, Palo Alto, CA 94302 USA. FU NYSERDA; NYSIO; NYPA; ConEd; LIPA; National Grid FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Mark Torpey of NYSERA and Ms. Jade Wong of ConEd for sponsoring this research and development project. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of HTC Tech for the research and development of the power system visualization software. The authors would also like to thank the contributions and technical support of the NYSERDA project advisors and technical teams of NYSIO, NYPA, ConEd, LIPA and National Grid. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Liang Min of EPRI for preparing the simulated PMU data for the integration testing NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611901053 ER PT J AU Strickland, W Sopher, CD Rice, RG Battles, GT AF Strickland, Walter Sopher, Charles D. Rice, Rip G. Battles, George T. TI Six Years of Ozone Processing of Fresh Cut Salad Mixes SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Fresh Cut Salad Mixes; Flume Water Treatment and Recycling; Chlorination; Labor Savings; Cost Savings; Improved Product Quality AB Strickland Produce Inc., Nashville, TN, packages fresh cut salads in bags for the ready-to-eat market. Produce is sorted, cut, washed, packed in plastic bags and distributed under refrigeration. Flume water washes and transports products through the plant, and is recycled in a closed loop. Ozone was installed full-scale in 2000 for flume water treatment (200 gpm) and has provided significant improvement in plant product qualities plus savings in water, labor, and plant effluent costs for the past six years. With chlorine treatment alone, the flume water quickly became discolored, laden with organic residues, and needed to be replaced every 2-3 hours. With the ozone treatment, flume water is replaced once daily, allowing for at least a 60% flume water savings. Of even more significance are the labor savings resulting from less frequent changing of spent flume water. Costs for ozonation equipment were recovered in less than two years. C1 [Sopher, Charles D.] C&S AgriSyst Inc, Washington, NC 27889 USA. [Rice, Rip G.] RICE Int Consulting Enterprises, Sandy Spring, MD USA. [Battles, George T.] Tennessee Valley Author, Memphis, TN USA. RP Sopher, CD (reprint author), C&S AgriSyst Inc, Box 1479, Washington, NC 27889 USA. EM Sopherc@earthlink.net NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1080/01919510903489355 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 566IK UT WOS:000275363100009 ER PT J AU Ezzell, PB AF Ezzell, Patricia Bernard TI This Land, This Nation: Conservation, Rural America, and the New Deal SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Ezzell, Patricia Bernard] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ezzell, PB (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AGRICULTURAL HISTORY SOCIETY PI LITTLE ROCK PA UALR, DEPT HISTORY, 2801 S UNIVERSITY AVE, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72324-1099 USA SN 0002-1482 EI 1533-8290 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 122 EP 123 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 426DW UT WOS:000264689200015 ER PT J AU Neves, SS Weakley, AS Cox, PB AF Neves, Susana S. Weakley, Alan S. Cox, Patricia B. TI Bupleurum gerardii All. (Apiaceae), an Addition to the North American Flora, With Comments on the Treatment of Aliens in Floras SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR; PLANTS AB Bupleurum L., with ca. 150 species, is one of the largest genera in the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). The genus has a broad distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, and it is represented in North America by the native and possibly endemic species Bupleurum americanum J.M. Coult. & Rose, and by three introduced species: B. lancifolium Hornem., B. rotundifolium L., and B. odontites L. Here we report the occurrence of a new alien species of the genus in North America: Bupleurum gerardii All. We present a general characterization of the species and discuss the possible origin of the populations that have been found in Tennessee and Virginia. In addition, we confirm the records of B. odontites for the states of Maryland, Massachusetts and Oregon. All previous citations of B. odontites in Virginia refer to material of B. gerardii. The history of the discovery of this species in North America suggests that the treatment of sparingly naturalized taxa in floras is erratic and identifications of these species suspect. C1 [Neves, Susana S.] Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, P-2781901 Oeiras, Portugal. [Weakley, Alan S.] Univ N Carolina, Herbarium, N Carolina Bot Garden, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Cox, Patricia B.] Tennessee Valley Author, Nat Heritage Program, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Neves, SS (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Tecnol Quim & Biol, Apartado 127, P-2781901 Oeiras, Portugal. EM sneves@itqb.unl.pt RI Neves, Susana/B-8724-2008 OI Neves, Susana/0000-0001-8943-2624 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal [SFRH/BPD/26669/2006] FX We thank Tom Wieboldt (Virginia Tech, VPI herbarium) and Dwayne Estes (Austin Peay State University, APSC Herbarium) for information on collection sites; Randy Small (University of Tennessee) for sequencing work; Eugene Wofford (University of Tennessee) for taking photographs of the TN collections; the Harvard University Herbaria for providing images of herbarium specimens; and Brian Evans (NCU Herbarium) for help in the preparation of the map in Figure 2. The work of Susana Neves was supported by a postdoctoral grant (Ref. SFRH/BPD/26669/2006) from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP 424 EP 433 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 544XI UT WOS:000273693300009 ER PT J AU Roberts, SW Tankersley, R Orvis, KH AF Roberts, Scott W. Tankersley, Roger, Jr. Orvis, Kenneth H. TI Assessing the Potential Impacts to Riparian Ecosystems Resulting from Hemlock Mortality in Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tsuga Canadensis; Hemlock mortality; Hemlock Wooly Adelgid; Great Smoky Mountains; National Park; GIS modeling; Stream temperature ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; TSUGA-CANADENSIS L.; NEW-ENGLAND; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HEADWATER STREAMS; FOREST RESPONSE; CHESTNUT BLIGHT; USA; VEGETATION AB Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is spreading across forests in eastern North America, causing mortality of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.). The loss of hemlock from riparian forests in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) may result in significant physical, chemical, and biological alterations to stream environments. To assess the influence of riparian hemlock stands on stream conditions and estimate possible impacts from hemlock loss in GSMNP, we paired hardwood- and hemlock-dominated streams to examine differences in water temperature, nitrate concentrations, pH, discharge, and available photosynthetic light. We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify stream pairs that were similar in topography, geology, land use, and disturbance history in order to isolate forest type as a variable. Differences between hemlock- and hardwood-dominated streams could not be explained by dominant forest type alone as forest type yields no consistent signal on measured conditions of headwater streams in GSMNP. The variability in the results indicate that other landscape variables, such as the influence of understory Rhododendron species, may exert more control on stream conditions than canopy composition. The results of this study suggest that the replacement of hemlock overstory with hardwood species will have minimal impact on long-term stream conditions, however disturbance during the transition is likely to have significant impacts. Management of riparian forests undergoing hemlock decline should, therefore, focus on facilitating a faster transition to hardwood-dominated stands to minimize long-term effects on water quality. C1 [Roberts, Scott W.] Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. [Roberts, Scott W.; Orvis, Kenneth H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tankersley, Roger, Jr.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Roberts, SW (reprint author), Sierra Nevada Aquat Res Lab, 1016 Mt Morrison Rd,Route 1,Box 198, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. EM sroberts@lifesci.ucsb.edu FU Tennessee Valley Authority; Great Smoky Mountains Conservation Association FX The authors thank the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Great Smoky Mountains Conservation Association for funding this research. We thank Dennis Yankee, Susan Sutherland, and Alan Mayes at the Tennessee Valley Authority and Carol Harden at the University of Tennessee for their interest and guidance with this research. Additionally, we thank Amy Concillio and Justin Hart for valuable suggestions on the manuscript. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 335 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9317-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 477BP UT WOS:000268492100012 PM 19495859 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Olszyna, KJ Edgerton, ES Knipping, E Shaw, SL AF Tanner, Roger L. Olszyna, Kenneth J. Edgerton, Eric S. Knipping, Eladio Shaw, Stephanie L. TI Searching for evidence of acid-catalyzed enhancement of secondary organic aerosol formation using ambient aerosol data SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Secondary organic aerosols; Acidic aerosols; Acid-catalyzed aerosol formation ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOUTHEASTERN; PARTICLES AB Laboratory experiments suggest that strong acids promote formation of enhanced levels of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and organic aerosols may contribute to the health impacts of fine PM. We report results from examining hourly speciated fine particle data for evidence of ambient aerosol acidity-catalyzed SOA formation, as indicated by larger increases in the concentrations of organic aerosol mass occurring on days and in locations where more acidic aerosol (lower NH4+/SO4= molar ratios) exists. Data sets from the southeastern U.S. were examined for which hourly acidity Of PM2.5 aerosols could be estimated, and for which hourly organic carbon (OC) content had been measured simultaneously. Within-day organic aerosol changes during selected periods were statistically related to concurrent aerosol acidity levels estimated from nitrate-corrected ammonium-to-sulfate ratios. Data from the Look Rock, TN, TVA/IMPROVE site for mid-July to mid-August 2004 showed average compositions frequently as acidic as NH4HSO4. however, no apparent increases in OC levels with increasing aerosol acidity were observed, even when [OC] changes were compared with time-delayed aerosol acidity estimates. SEARCH network data (2003-2004) for rural Centreville, AL (CTR) and Yorkville, GA (YRK) sites were also examined. Warm-season acidity levels were higher at CTR than at YRK, and daytime levels exceeded those at night at both sites. At the YRK site no consistent positive correlations were found between changes in OC or TC levels and aerosol acidity, even with time lags up to 6 h. Aerosol acidity at this site, however, is relatively low due to nearby agricultural sources of NH3. In contrast, during selected periods from April to October 2004, at CTR, 6-h lagged OC changes were weakly correlated with daytime, nitrate-corrected NH4+/SO4= molar ratios, but distinguishing this apparent relationship from meteorological effects on measured OC levels is challenging. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tanner, Roger L.; Olszyna, Kenneth J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. [Edgerton, Eric S.] ARA Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. [Knipping, Eladio] EPRI, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Shaw, Stephanie L.] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, CEB 1C,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov FU EPRI; Tennessee Valley Authority FX We thank Alan Hansen and Naresh Kumar of EPRI for helpful comments, and acknowledge the assistance of Joanna McGill in preparing the figures. This work was supported by EPRI and the Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2009 VL 43 IS 21 BP 3440 EP 3444 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.045 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 464TJ UT WOS:000267529600018 ER PT J AU Ray, A AF Ray, Anda TI TVA: Cool Clear Water? SO NATION LA English DT Letter C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Off Environm & Res, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ray, A (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Off Environm & Res, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATION CO INC PI NEW YORK PA 33 IRVING PLACE, 8TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0027-8378 J9 NATION JI Nation PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 288 IS 21 BP 26 EP 26 PG 1 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 446UI UT WOS:000266146300015 ER PT J AU Raichle, BW Carson, WR AF Raichle, Brian W. Carson, W. Richard TI Wind resource assessment of the Southern Appalachian Ridges in the Southeastern United States SO RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Wind; Southern Appalachian Ridges; Southeastern United States AB The analysis of wind data collected throughout the Southern Appalachian Mountain region of the Southeastern US is presented. Data were collected at 50 m above ground level on nine ridge top sites between 2002 and 2005. Monthly average wind speeds, power densities, wind sheers, and turbulence intensities, along with monthly maximum gusts, are presented. Measured annual average wind speeds are compared to AWS TrueWind predictions. Diurnal variations in wind speed are also reported. Annual wind roses for each site are presented. Annual wind speeds range from 5.5 to 7.4 m/s with the highest annual average wind speeds found on ridges near the northern TN-NC border. A 20% winter and nighttime enhancement of the wind speed was observed. The prevailing wind is from the westerly directions. The estimated annual energy outputs from a small wind farm consisting of fifteen 1.5 MW GE turbines range from 50 to 75 MkWh, and estimated capacity factors range from 25% to 35%. This analysis suggests that ridges in the region are suitable for utility-scale wind development. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Raichle, Brian W.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Technol, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Carson, W. Richard] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Raichle, BW (reprint author), Appalachian State Univ, Dept Technol, Katherine Harper Hall, Boone, NC 28608 USA. EM raichlebw@appstate.edu NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-0321 J9 RENEW SUST ENERG REV JI Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/j.rser.2007.12.005 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 454LP UT WOS:000266683800016 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF AF Mueller, Stephen F. TI Model Representation of Local Air Quality Characteristics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN AEROSOL RESEARCH; COMMUNITY MULTISCALE AIR; TENNESSEE VALLEY REGION; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT AEROSOL; OZONE; CMAQ AB Daily (24 h) and hourly air quality data at several sites are used to examine the performance of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)-Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) system over a 3-month period in 2003. A coarse (36 km) model grid was expected to provide relatively poor performance for ozone and comparatively better performance for fine particles, especially the more regional sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols. However, results were different from this expectation. Modeling showed significant skill for ozone at several locations but very little skill for particulate species. Modeling did poorly identifying surface wind directions associated with the highest and lowest pollutant exposures at most sites, although results varied widely by location. Model skill appeared to be better for ozone when spatial-temporal (S-T) patterns were examined, due in part to the ability of the model to reproduce much of the temporal variance associated with the diurnal photochemical cycle. At some sites the modeling even performed well in replicating the directional variability of hourly ozone despite relatively low spatial resolution. MM5-CMAQ spatial (directional) representation of 24-h-average particulate data was not good in most cases, but model skill improved somewhat when hourly data were examined. Modeling exhibited skill for sulfate at only one of nine sites using 24-h data averaged by daily resultant wind direction, at two of six sites when hourly data were averaged by direction, and at four of six sites when the combined spatial and temporal variance of sulfate was examined. Results were generally poorer for total carbon aerosol mass and total mass of particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 mu m (PM(2.5)). The primary result of this study is that an S-T analysis of pollutant patterns reveals model performance insights that cannot be realized by only examining model error statistics as is typically done for regulatory applications. Use of this S-T analysis technique is recommended for better understanding model performance during longer simulation periods, especially when using grids of finer spatial resolution for applications supporting local air quality management studies. Of course, using this approach will require measuring semicontinuous fine particle data at more sites and for longer periods. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfmueller@tva.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) FX The author is grateful to Qi Mao, Mary E. Jacobs, and Katurah L. Humes for their important contributions to the modeling, analyses, and database manipulations needed to complete this work. The author is also indebted to two anonymous reviewers who provided very useful comments that greatly improved the final product. This study was supported through research funds from the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2009 VL 48 IS 5 BP 945 EP 961 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC2003.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452KE UT WOS:000266538100004 ER PT J AU Young, MN Darvennes, C Idem, S AF Young, M. N. Darvennes, C. Idem, S. TI Aerodynamic Performance and System Effects of Propeller Fans (RP-1223) SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In this study, aerodynamic performance was measured experimentally for three propeller fans subjected to systematic variation of inlet flow components. The inlet conditions were intended to simulate installations of fans typically encountered in the field. The aerodynamic performance penalties associated with the various appurtenances were characterized in terms of system effect factor (SEF). C1 [Young, M. N.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Darvennes, C.; Idem, S.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Cookeville, TN USA. RP Young, MN (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. FU TC 5.1, Fans FX The work reported in this paper is the result of cooperative research (RP-1223) between ASHRAE and Tennessee Tech University. The project was sponsored by TC 5.1, Fans. The technical assistance provided by David Carroll, John Cermak, and John Murphy is gratefully acknowledged. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD MAR PY 2009 VL 15 IS 2 BP 231 EP 254 DI 10.1080/10789669.2009.10390835 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 532YU UT WOS:000272788100005 ER PT J AU Kiser, LC Kelly, JM Mays, PA AF Kiser, L. C. Kelly, J. M. Mays, P. A. TI Changes in Forest Soil Carbon and Nitrogen after a Thirty-Year Interval SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS; NUTRIENT; OAK; SEEDLINGS; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; LITTER; GROWTH; POOLS; CO2 AB Increases in atmospheric C have resulted in concerns about global warming and interest in finding the means to sequester atmospheric C through land management strategies. The purposes of this study were to: (i) compare changes in mineral soil C after a 30-yr interval, and (ii) examine the potential roles of soil N, soil texture, and topography in these changes. The Camp Branch watershed is a second-growth, oak-dominated, mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland plateau in central Tennessee. In July 1976, soil samples were collected at permanently identified points and archived. These points were resampled in July 2006 and both the archived and new samples of the 0- to 10-cm increment of the mineral soil were analyzed for C and N. Comparisons revealed that the changes in C and IN were distinct to each of the eight soil series Occurring on the site. Comparison of 2006 samples to 1976 samples indicated that changes in C concentration ranged from -13.1 to 12.0%. Changes in C mass ranged from -11.3 to 8.3%. Increases in C were most closely associated with increases in the C/total N ratio. The change in C was positively correlated with the change in exchangeable inorganic N (12 = 0.31, P < 0.0001). An overstory inventory indicated a decline in oak domination and site-specific changes in basal area, density, and stand age. Since regression analysis revealed that the change in C was not predicted by topographic factors or soil texture,c, we speculate that changes in forest cover influenced the changes in mineral soil C. C1 [Kiser, L. C.; Kelly, J. M.] Virginia Tech, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Mays, P. A.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Kiser, LC (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Coll Nat Resources, 324 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lckiser@vt.edu FU National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI); Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); Virginia Tech FX Support for this project was provided by the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and Virginia Tech. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2009 VL 73 IS 2 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0102 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 417PT UT WOS:000264089300036 ER PT J AU Chow, JH Vanfretti, L Armenia, A Ghiocel, S Sarawgi, S Bhatt, N Bertagnolli, D Shukla, M Luo, XC Ellis, D Fan, DW Patel, M Hunter, AM Barber, DE Kobet, GL AF Chow, Joe H. Vanfretti, Luigi Armenia, Andrew Ghiocel, Scott Sarawgi, Sanjoy Bhatt, Navin Bertagnolli, David Shukla, Meera Luo, Xiaochuan Ellis, Dean Fan, Dawei Patel, Mahendra Hunter, Andrew M. Barber, David E. Kobet, Gary L. GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Preliminary Synchronized Phasor Data Analysis of Disturbance Events in the US Eastern Interconnection SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Synchronized phasor measurement data; phasor measurement units; disturbance analysis; US Eastern Interconnection ID POWER-SYSTEM AB This paper presents analysis results of synchronized phasor data from 10 disturbance events recorded in the US Eastern Interconnection (EI). The phasor data covers a wide region in the El, allowing for the study of disturbance propagation, interarea modes, and oscillations in voltages and currents. The analysis is not straightforward because the El is a meshed system with adequate interarea mode damping. Disturbances involving tripping a single large generator unit produce very short interarea swing responses. Islanding events involving regions at the perimeter, however, provide more prominent responses for analysis. C1 [Chow, Joe H.; Vanfretti, Luigi; Armenia, Andrew; Ghiocel, Scott] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Sarawgi, Sanjoy; Bhatt, Navin] American Elect Power, Gahanna, OH 43230 USA. [Bertagnolli, David; Shukla, Meera; Luo, Xiaochuan] ISO New England, Holyoke, MA 01040 USA. [Ellis, Dean; Fan, Dawei] NYISO, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. [Patel, Mahendra] PJM Interconnect, Norris, PA 19403 USA. [Hunter, Andrew M.; Barber, David E.] FirstEnergy, Reading, PA 19612 USA. [Kobet, Gary L.] TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Chow, JH (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM chowj@rpi.edu; vanfrl@rpi.edu; andrew@asquaredlabs.com; ghiocs@rpi.edu; sksarawgi@aep.com; Navin_bhatt@aep.com; dbertagnolli@iso-ne.com; mshukla@iso-ne.com; xluo@iso-ne.com; dellis@nyiso.com; dfan@nyiso.com; patelm3@pjm.com; amhunter@firstenergycorp.com; debarber@firstenergycorp.com; glkobet@tva.gov RI Vanfretti, Luigi/B-8174-2017 OI Vanfretti, Luigi/0000-0002-4125-1055 FU AEP; NE-ISO; NYISO; PJM; NSF [ECS-0622119] FX This work is supported in part by AEP, FirstEnergy, NE-ISO, NYISO, and PJM, and by NSF through grant ECS-0622119. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 136 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500021 ER PT J AU Dong, JY Xia, T Zhang, YC Wang, L Liu, YL Beard, L Bilke, T AF Dong, Jingyuan Xia, Tao Zhang, Yingchen Wang, Lei Liu, Yilu Beard, Lisa Bilke, Terry GP IEEE Power & Energy Soc TI Wide-Area Measurements of Three North America Interconnections at Distribution Level SO 2009 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY MAR 15-18, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE, PES DE Wide-area Measurement; Interconnection; Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET); Power System Dynamics; Power System Monitoring; Disturbance Analysis AB The North American frequency monitoring network (FNET) takes GPS-synchronized wide-area measurements in a low-cost, easily deployable manner at the 120 V distribution level. A situational awareness system has been implemented on the server located at Virginia Tech to detect and analyze power system disturbances in near-real time. Power system disturbances are examined in this paper based on wide-area frequency, voltage and phase angle data from FNET. Frequency characteristics of events in three major North America power Interconnections are investigated. Typical frequency patterns of generation loss and load drop events are analyzed for the Eastern Interconnection (El), the Western Electricity Coordinating Council system (WECC), and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas system (ERCOT). Several significant disturbances in the El are also discussed. The recordings and analysis show that a great deal of valuable information about dynamics in bulk transmission systems can be obtained at a lower voltage level. C1 [Dong, Jingyuan; Xia, Tao; Zhang, Yingchen; Wang, Lei; Liu, Yilu] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Beard, Lisa] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Bilke, Terry] Midwest ISO, St Paul, MN 55121 USA. RP Dong, JY (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jydong@vt.edu; xiat@vt.edu; yczhang@vt.edu; lewang1@vt.edu; yilu@vt.edu; lmbeard@tva.gov; tbilke@midestiso.org FU NSF, TVA, EPRI, ABB, DOE, Midwest ISO, PSRC; Virginia Tech FX The FNET effort has been supported in part by NSF, TVA, EPRI, ABB, DOE, Midwest ISO, PSRC and Virginia Tech. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3810-5 PY 2009 BP 2036 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BLW97 UT WOS:000271244500342 ER PT S AU Dong, JY Xia, T Zhang, YC Liu, YL Beard, L Bilke, T AF Dong, Jingyuan Xia, Tao Zhang, Yingchen Liu, Yilu Beard, Lisa Bilke, Terry GP IEEE TI Monitoring the North American Interconnections at Distribution Level SO 2009 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 26-30, 2009 CL Calgary, CANADA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET); Power System Dynamics; Power System Monitoring; Wide-area Measurement AB The North American Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) is a wide-area measurement system that monitors the North American Interconnections at distribution voltage level. A situational awareness system has been implemented on the server located at Virginia Tech to detect and analyze power system disturbances in near-real time. This paper demonstrates the viability of monitoring bulk transmission systems at a very low, voltage level by discussing several major disturbances in the Eastern Interconnection (EI) observed by FNET. Important parameters of power systems, such as frequency, voltage and phase angle, are examined to understand system behavior during disturbances. The recordings and analysis show that a great deal of valuable information about dynamics in transmission systems can be obtained at a lower voltage level. The disturbance location estimation is also analyzed as an application of the distribution-level measurements. C1 [Dong, Jingyuan; Xia, Tao; Zhang, Yingchen; Liu, Yilu] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Beard, Lisa] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Bilke, Terry] Midwest ISO, St Paul, MN 55101 USA. RP Dong, JY (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jydong@vt.edu; xiat@vt.edu; yczhang@vt.edu; yilu@vt.edu; lmbeard@tva.gov; tbilke@midestiso.org FU NSF; TVA; EPRI; ABB; DOE; Midwest ISO; PSRC; Virginia Tech FX The FNET effort has been supported in part by NSF, TVA, EPRI, ABB, DOE, Midwest ISO, PSRC and Virginia Tech. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-4240-9 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2009 BP 3282 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BNT85 UT WOS:000275524901197 ER PT S AU Young, MN Darvennes, C Idem, S AF Young, M. N. Darvennes, C. Idem, S. GP ASHRAE TI Test Apparatus and Procedure to Measure Inlet Installation Effects of Propeller Fans SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY SP ASHRAE ID PERFORMANCE AB Fan performance data measured as installed may show lower performance than manufacturer ratings, primarily because of improper inlet or outlet connections. An apparatus and test procedure to experimentally measure air and sound performance of propeller fans with systematic variation of inlet,flow components is described. The test program is intended to simulate typical "in the field" installations of the fans. C1 [Young, M. N.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Young, MN (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 432 EP 441 PN 2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTQ49 UT WOS:000287783200037 ER PT S AU Young, MN Darvennes, C Idem, S AF Young, M. N. Darvennes, C. Idem, S. GP ASHRAE TI Aerodynamic Performance and System Effects of Propeller Fans SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2009, VOL 115, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL Louisville, KY AB In this study, aerodynamic performance was measured experimentally for three propeller fans subjected to systematic variation of inlet flow components. The inlet conditions were intended to simulate installations of fans typically encountered in the field. The aerodynamic performance penalties associated with the various appurtenances were characterized in terms of system effect factor (SEF). C1 [Young, M. N.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Young, MN (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2009 VL 115 BP 442 EP 442 PN 2 PG 1 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BTQ49 UT WOS:000287783200038 ER PT J AU Portugues, IE Moore, PJ Glover, IA Johnstone, C McKosky, RH Goff, MB van der Zel, L AF Portugues, Iliana E. Moore, Philip J. Glover, Ian A. Johnstone, Carl McKosky, Ralph H. Goff, Mark B. van der Zel, Luke TI RF-Based Partial Discharge Early Warning System for Air-Insulated Substations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE Apparent charge; condition monitoring; impulsive noise; location; partial discharge; radiometric monitoring ID TRANSIENTS AB Partial discharges (PDs) generate wideband radio-frequency interference which can be used for noninvasive monitoring of discharges. This paper presents a novel method based on this principle for PD monitoring of substations. The significant advantage of this method lies in the ability to detect PD sources in energized equipment anywhere within a substation compound during normal operating conditions. The results obtained from the prototypes installed in the U.K. and U.S. substations are reported. Results include correlation with apparent charge and daily recordings obtained before, during, and after the failure of a 132-kV current transformer and 69-kV voltage transformer. C1 [Portugues, Iliana E.] Elimpus Ltd, Bellshill ML4 3NQ, Scotland. [Moore, Philip J.; Glover, Ian A.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Strathclyde G1 1XW, Scotland. [Johnstone, Carl] Natl Grid, Warwick CV34 6DA, England. [McKosky, Ralph H.; Goff, Mark B.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [van der Zel, Luke] EPRI, Charlotte, NC 28262 USA. RP Portugues, IE (reprint author), Elimpus Ltd, Bellshill ML4 3NQ, Scotland. EM i.por-tugues@elimpus.com OI Glover, Ian/0000-0002-8878-1694 FU U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [GR/R17799]; EPRI FX This work was Supported in part by the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant GR/R17799 and in part by EPRI. NR 25 TC 49 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2005464 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 391UX UT WOS:000262260800003 ER PT J AU Adams, D AF Adams, Don TI Rectifying Axial-Offset-Anomaly Problems SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Adams, Don] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Adams, D (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Nucl Power Grp, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 27 IS 1 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 420HT UT WOS:000264280500030 ER PT J AU Sopher, CD Battles, GT Johnson, D AF Sopher, Charles D. Battles, George T. Johnson, Daniel TI The Utilization of Ozone for Treating Vegetable Processing Lines SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Cut Vegetables; Energy Efficiency; Plate Counts; Food Safety; Agri-Food Applications AB Adoption of ozone technologies as Food Safety treatments in the Agri-Food Industries today is still being approached with great caution. This paper reviews selected successes in using ozone UV and advanced oxidation to enhance food safety and reduce energy costs in the Agri-Food industry. Included is a preliminary case study of utilizing ozone and chlorination in a FTNON vegetable washing system. Vegetable flotation washing systems such as the FTNON equipment produced by Noord-Oost in the Netherlands have the potential to vigorously wash sand as well as floating particulate from vegetables and fruits. With minor modifications these machines can be adapted to utilize combinations of ozone, UV and chlorination. Preliminary trials indicate plate counts are lowered with the combination treatment. Future data will need to be collected to determine the levels of chlorination required to ensure residual microbial protection without detracting from product taste and quality. When developed, these systems have the potential to enhance food safety, reduce water use and wastewater discharge amounts, reduce electrical demand and increase product shelf life. C1 [Battles, George T.] Tennessee Valley Author, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. [Sopher, Charles D.] Global Energy Partners LLC, Washington, DC USA. [Johnson, Daniel] Tennessee Valley Author, Nashville, TN USA. RP Battles, GT (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 50 N Front St, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. EM gtbattles@tva.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 309 EP 315 DI 10.1080/01919510903042105 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 484TM UT WOS:000269070400005 ER PT J AU Harden, CP Foster, W Morris, C Chartrand, KJ Henry, E AF Harden, Carol P. Foster, William Morris, Christopher Chartrand, Keri J. Henry, Erich TI RATES AND PROCESSES OF STREAMBANK EROSION IN TRIBUTARIES OF THE LITTLE RIVER, TENNESSEE SO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE streambank erosion; erosion pins; water quality; sediment load; Little River ID BANK EROSION; SUBAERIAL PROCESSES; CHANNEL AB Erosion pins were installed on 32 banks in five tributaries of the Little River, eastern Tennessee, to quantify the contributions of streambanks to stream sediment loads and better understand the processes of streambank erosion. In the first two years of monitoring, erosional losses from streambanks were readily measurable, with a median loss of I cm bank(-1). Streambanks lost material through subaerial erosion processes as well as by mass movements and removal of sediment by hydraulic forces. Although the highest median erosion rates occurred below the water line, erosion also occurred on the upper banks. initial results demonstrate that channel bank instability is widespread and channel banks are potentially important sources of sediment in these tributaries. Two observations made in this study, of streambank erosion independent of hydraulic forces and of bank undercutting active during drought, call attention to gaps in knowledge that affect models of streambank processes and efforts to improve water quality in headwater streams. C1 [Harden, Carol P.; Foster, William; Morris, Christopher] Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Chartrand, Keri J.] Tennessee Valley Author, Lenoir City, TN 37772 USA. [Henry, Erich] Blount Cty Soil Conservat Dist, Maryville, TN 37804 USA. RP Harden, CP (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This project was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a Targeted Watershed Program grant administered by Blount County Soil Conservation District. The authors thank the many individuals who helped make, install, and measure the bank erosion pins, and the staff of the Cartographic Services Laboratory of the University of Tennessee who drafted Figures I and 2. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU BELLWETHER PUBL LTD PI COLUMBIA PA 8640 GUILFORD RD, STE 200, COLUMBIA, MD 21046 USA SN 0272-3646 J9 PHYS GEOGR JI Phys. Geogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.2747/0272-3646.30.1.1 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 425RX UT WOS:000264655900001 ER PT J AU Knight, RR Gregory, MB Wales, AK AF Knight, Rodney R. Gregory, M. Brian Wales, Amy K. TI Relating streamflow characteristics to specialized insectivores in the Tennessee River Valley: a regional approach SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tennessee River; insectivorous fish; constancy; frequency of moderate flooding; rate of streamflow recession; quantile regression; streamflow regime; ecological flow ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; GREAT-LAKES TRIBUTARIES; FLOW VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION; ECOLOGY; DISTURBANCE; INDEXES; PREDICTABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Analysis of hydrologic time series and fish community data across the Tennessee River Valley identified three hydrologic metrics essential to habitat suitability and food availability for insectivorous fish communities in streams of the Tennessee River Valley: constancy (flow stability or temporal invariance), frequency of moderate flooding (frequency of habitat disturbance). and rate of streamflow recession. Initial datasets included 1100 fish community sites and 300 streamgages. Reduction of these datasets to sites with coexisting data yielded 33 sites with streamflow and fish community data for analysis. Identification of critical hydrologic metrics was computed using a multivariate correlation procedure that maximizes the rank correlation between the hydrologic metrics and fish community resemblance matrices. Quantile regression was used to define thresholds of potential ranges of insectivore scores for given values of the hydrologic metrics. Increased values of constancy and insectivore scores were positively correlated. Constancy of streamflow maintains wetted perimeter, which is important for providing habitat for fish spawning and increased surface area for invertebrate colonization and reproduction. Site scores for insectivorous fish increased as the frequency of moderate flooding (3 times the median annual streamflow) decreased, suggesting that insectivorous fish communities respond positively to less frequent disturbance and a more stable habitat. Increased streamflow recession rates were associated with decreased insectivore scores. Increased streamflow recession call strand fish in pools and other areas that are disconnected front flowing water and remove invertebrates as food sources that were suspended during high-streamflow events. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Knight, Rodney R.] US Geol Survey, Tenessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. [Gregory, M. Brian] US Geol Survey, Georgia Water Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. [Wales, Amy K.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Knight, RR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Tenessee Water Sci Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. EM rrknight@usgs.gov RI Knight, Rodney/C-5356-2013 OI Knight, Rodney/0000-0001-9588-0167 NR 83 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 394 EP 407 DI 10.1002/eco.32 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 390FU UT WOS:000262150500010 ER PT J AU Simmons, JW Layzer, JB Smith, DD AF Simmons, Jeffrey W. Layzer, James B. Smith, David D. TI Age-class Structure and Variability of Two Populations of the Bluemask Darter Etheostoma (Doration) sp. SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The bluemask darter Etheostoma (Doration) sp. is an endangered fish endemic to the upper Caney Fork system in the Cumberland River drainage in central Tennessee. Darters (Etheostoma spp.) are typically short-lived and exhibit rapid growth that quickly decreases with age. Consequently, estimating age of darters from length-frequency distributions can be difficult and subjective. We used a nonparametric kernel density estimator to reduce subjectivity in estimating ages of bluemask darters. Data were collected from a total of 2926 bluemask darters from the Collins River throughout three growing seasons. Additionally, data were collected from 842 bluemask darters from the Rocky River during one growing season. Analysis of length-frequencies indicated the presence of four age classes in both rivers. In each river, the majority of the population was comprised of fish <3 y old. Some age-one individuals were sexually mature, but the majority of the reproductive population was comprised of older fish. Differences in age-class structure among years reflected variable year-class strength in the Collins River that seemed related to summer discharge. Male and female growth rates differed significantly (P < 0.05); males were typically larger than females of the same age after the first growing season and the majority of age-three individuals were males. Growth rates in the Collins and Rocky Rivers were similar for each sex (P > 0.05). In both rivers, females were more abundant than males. C1 [Layzer, James B.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Smith, David D.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Math, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Simmons, JW (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 1101 Market St,PSC 1X-C, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jwsimmons0@tva.gov FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville; Tennessee Field Office FX The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cookeville, Tennessee Field Office funded this research. We thank numerous students with the Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit and the Tennessee Technological University Department of Biology who provided field assistance. Earlier drafts of the manuscript were improved by comments from E.M. Scott, D.S. Baxter, J.P. Buchanan and two anonymous reviewers. This is a contribution from the Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, which is jointly supported by Tennessee Technological University, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and the U.S. Geological Survey. Fish were collected under Tennessee Wildlife Resources Permit 774 and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered/Threatened Species Subpermittee Authorization SA 02-09. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 160 IS 2 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)160[300:ASAVOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 362HT UT WOS:000260189500004 ER PT J AU Luria, M Valente, RJ Bairai, S Parkhurst, WJ Tanner, RL AF Luria, Menachem Valente, Ralph J. Bairai, Solomon Parkhurst, William J. Tanner, Roger L. TI Nighttime chemistry in the Houston urban plume SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Urban plume; Nighttime photochemistry; Ozone production efficiency; Aircraft measurements ID POWER-PLANT PLUME; OZONE FORMATION; NOY; AIR AB A late afternoon polluted air parcel transported from the Houston metropolitan area was monitored by an instrumented aircraft throughout the night of 21-22 July, 2005. Sampling was conducted during three flight segments over several downwind areas that were identified by a controllable meteorological balloon released from the Houston area at sundown. Samples were taken for approximately 2 h over each area. Using carbon monoxide as a tracer of the urban plume, it was revealed that the dilution inside the plume was relatively small. Ozone levels of up to 120 ppb were found in the plume at the furthest downwind distance, some 250 km northwest of Houston, with plume transport in the direction of the Dallas metropolitan area. The data further suggest that the nighttime conversion of NOx to NOz was very rapid, with complete (similar to 100%) conversion by the end of the night. At two locations the urban plume mixed with fresh emissions from power plants. At these sampling points similar to 50% of the NOy had already been converted to NOz, thus indicating very rapid oxidation at night. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luria, Menachem; Valente, Ralph J.; Bairai, Solomon; Parkhurst, William J.; Tanner, Roger L.] Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol Dept, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov FU Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ); Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC); Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC) FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC), and Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC) to TVA for this work. We are indebted to a large number of collaborators, contractors, colleagues, advisors, and enthusiastic Texas citizens encountered during the project. TVA colleagues and contractors included, Marjorie Cole, Jason Downey, Bill and Gloria Hicks, Stephen Mueller, Nathan Thacker, Myra Valente, and Vincent van Pelt. Collaborators included Carl Berkowitz and Rahul Zaveri of Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Paul Voss and colleagues from University of Massachusetts, Ed Fortner, Renyi Zhang, John Nielsen-Gammon and colleagues from Texas A&M University. Brian Wing and the staff at Wing Aviation provided facilities at the Lone Star Executive airport in Conroe, TX Scott Seibold and all the Twin Otter International pilots and support staff from Grand junction, CO provided a flawless aircraft, smooth installation, and excellent flight support. Ken Rozacky, Doug Boyer, Pete Breitenbach and staff at TCEQ, along with Jay Olaguer and Alex Cuclis at HARC, provided timely audits, organizational and logistical advice and help, and near-real-time information on power plant operational status. Finally, special thanks are due to family members for their indulgence during the lengthy deployments needed for the field activities. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD OCT PY 2008 VL 42 IS 32 BP 7544 EP 7552 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.054 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 372ZM UT WOS:000260940800023 ER PT J AU Gans, B Rosario, DA Olson, J Best, J AF Gans, Bruce Rosario, Darryl A. Olson, Jim Best, Jerry TI Repairing low-pressure rotors with cracked blade attachments SO POWER LA English DT Article AB An increasing number of low-pressure steam turbines-especially at supercritical fossil units-have experienced stress corrosion cracking in the blade attachment region of their low-pressure rotors. Approaches to solving this problem range from redesign of the attachment and blade replacement to in-situ weld repair. Regardless of the procedure selected, the solution must completely restore the turbine performance while minimizing outage duration. C1 [Gans, Bruce] TurboCare Inc, Chicopee, MA 01020 USA. [Olson, Jim; Best, Jerry] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Gans, B (reprint author), TurboCare Inc, Chicopee, MA 01020 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRADEFAIR GROUP PI HOUSTON PA 11000 RICHMOND, STE 500, HOUSTON, TX 77042 USA SN 0032-5929 J9 POWER JI Power PD OCT PY 2008 VL 152 IS 10 BP 78 EP 82 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 361XL UT WOS:000260161000019 ER PT J AU Luria, M Valente, RJ Bairai, S Parkhurst, WJ Tanner, RL AF Luria, Menachem Valente, Ralph J. Bairai, Solomon Parkhurst, William J. Tanner, Roger L. TI Airborne study of ozone formation over Dallas, Texas SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ozone; Ozone production efficiency; Chemical age; Carbon monoxide; Nitrogen oxides; Urban air pollution ID POWER-PLANT PLUME; NOY AB Twelve research fights were performed during August 2005 over the Dallas (Texas) metropolitan area. The primary objective was to estimate the relative contribution of primary emissions from large point sources, i.e., major power plants, compared with mobile sources in terms of O-3 production. The distinction between the source types was derived from concurrent measurements of SO2 (tracer for point sources) and CO (tracer for mobile sources) relative to levels of O-3 and NOx, (the O-3 precursor). The flights also examined the vertical structure of the atmosphere and its effect on the dispersion/dilution of the trace gases. During the first half of the study the O-3 levels in the Dallas area were relatively low and only during the second half were significantly elevated O-3 levels observed. For the latter period the relationship between Maximum O-3 levels, the air mass chemical age and the O-3 yield are evaluated. The results also revealed that mobile sources are the main contributors to the elevated O-3 levels in the Dallas area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Luria, Menachem] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Luria, Menachem; Valente, Ralph J.; Bairai, Solomon; Parkhurst, William J.; Tanner, Roger L.] Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Luria, M (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 29 BP 6951 EP 6958 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.057 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 369WV UT WOS:000260725500009 ER PT J AU Martin, KE Carroll, JR AF Martin, Kenneth E. Carroll, James Ritchie TI Phasing in the technology SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Carroll, James Ritchie] Tennessee Valley Author, Real Time Applicat Architecture Grp, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1540-7977 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 6 IS 5 BP 24 EP 33 DI 10.1109/MPE.2008.927474 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 342FA UT WOS:000258768800006 ER PT J AU Mehaffey, M Wainger, L Wade, T Yankee, D Smith, E Bott, V Yarbourgh, R AF Mehaffey, Megan Wainger, Lisa Wade, Timothy Yankee, Dennis Smith, Elizabeth Bott, Vicki Yarbourgh, Rebecca TI Assessing vulnerabilities from alternative development patterns SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE landscapes; vulnerability; stressors; fiscal impacts; alternative development AB Planners in a rapidly urbanizing area must take into account trade-offs between multiple environmental issues of concern. A 15-county region, centered on Charlotte, North Carolina, is experiencing a boom in growth resulting in both air and water quality concerns. We examine changes to environmental and socio-economic factors across the region for two contrasting alternative future scenarios of land use development. We found that a "compact centers" development, with relatively high density, resulted in improved environmental quality in most counties as a result of lower land consumption. The compact centers development was associated with greater non-point source phosphorus and sediment loads in watersheds that contained urban centers. In contrast, the greater land consumption associated with the medium density development consumed high nutrient-generating agricultural lands, resulting in lower non-point source nitrogen loading to waterways. We also found that compact center development made sense economically in urban areas and reduced expenditures in rural areas. However, compact centers carried the risk of lower tax revenues in rural areas if future values of multi-unit houses were valued at current market rates. By incorporating spatial dynamics in our assessment we provided a means to evaluate future environmental and economic patterns under different alternative growth scenarios across multiple counties. In addition, we found that by conducting our analysis at two different scales (e.g., regional and local), decisions on where to target development and resources could be refined. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mehaffey, Megan; Smith, Elizabeth] US EPA, Reg Vulnerabil Assessment Program, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wainger, Lisa] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD USA. [Wade, Timothy] US EPA, Landscape Ecol Branch, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Yankee, Dennis] Tennessee Valley Author, Res & Technol Applicat, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bott, Vicki] Univ N Carolina, Urban Inst, Land Use & Environm Planning Div, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Yarbourgh, Rebecca] Centralina Council Govt, Reg Initiat, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Mehaffey, M (reprint author), US EPA E243-05,109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM mehaffey.megan@epa.gov RI Mehaffey, Megan/A-7476-2009; Wainger, Lisa/H-7640-2012 OI Wainger, Lisa/0000-0002-3983-8850 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD JUL 3 PY 2008 VL 87 IS 1 BP 84 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.04.010 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 328WL UT WOS:000257828800009 ER PT J AU Munoz, GR Kelling, KA Rylant, KE Zhu, J AF Munoz, Gabriela R. Kelling, Keith A. Rylant, Karen E. Zhu, Jun TI Field evaluation of nitrogen availability from fresh and composted manure SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; SOIL NITRATE TEST; DRY-MATTER YIELD; POULTRY MANURE; DAIRY MANURE; CROP UPTAKE; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; CORN YIELDS; MASS-LOSS; CARBON AB Prediction of manure nitrogen availability to crops is key to ensuring adequate production while minimizing potential adverse environmental impacts. This field study estimated first-year and residual N availability from several manures subjected to various levels of processing, and evaluated the applicability of the presidedress soil N test (PSNT) in fields receiving the different manures using corn (Zea mays L.) as the test crop. Plots received several rates of fresh (FP), dried (DP), or composted (CP) poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure, composted cow (Bos taurus) (CC) manure, ammonium nitrate (AN), or no N. Crop yields and N uptake from plots where CC was applied were undistinguishable from controls in most years, whereas poultry manures significantly increased corn production. Average apparent first-year N availability, as measured by fertilizer equivalence, was 57, 53, 14, and 4% for FP, DP, Cp, and CC respectively. Apparent second-year N availability as measured by relative effectiveness, was 18, 19, 12, and 7% for Fp, DP, CP, and CC; however, for CC both first- and second-year estimates of apparent N recovery (ANR) could statistically not be separated from the controls. Apparent nitrogen availability was greater for less processed manures and for CP compared to CC, emphasizing that producers should know the source and level of compost stability when these materials are used as a primary nutrient source. The PSNT successfully (87% correct) identified sites with a critical value of 24 mg kg(-1) that were N sufficient across a variety of N amendments from those that would have benefitted from additional N input. C1 [Munoz, Gabriela R.; Kelling, Keith A.; Zhu, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rylant, Karen E.] TVA Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL USA. RP Kelling, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kkelling@wisc.edu NR 72 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1537-2537 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 944 EP 955 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0219 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 301FI UT WOS:000255881400026 PM 18453417 ER PT J AU Wang, JJA Lara-Curzio, E King, T Graziano, JA Chan, JK AF Wang, John Jy-An Lara-Curzio, Edgar King, Thomas Graziano, Joseph A. Chan, John K. TI The integrity of ACSR full tension splice connector at higher operation temperature SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE high-temperature low sag conductors; steel-reinforced core aluminum conductor (ACSR); tensile splice connector integrity; transmission lines AB Due to the increase in power demand and limited investment in new infrastructure, existing overhead power transmission lines often need to operate at temperatures higher than those used for the original design criteria. This has led to the accelerated aging and degradation of splice connectors, which have been manifested by the formation of hotspots that have been revealed by infrared imaging during inspection. The implications of connector aging is twofold: 1) significant increase in resistivity of the splice connector (i.e., less efficient transmission of electricity) and 2) significant reduction in the connector clamping strength, which could ultimately result in separation of the power transmission line at the joint. Therefore, the splice connector appears to be the weakest link in the electric power transmission lines. This paper presents a protocol for integrating analytical and experimental approaches to evaluate the integrity of a full tension single-stage splice connector assembly. C1 [Wang, John Jy-An; Lara-Curzio, Edgar; King, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chan, John K.] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Graziano, Joseph A.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Wang, JJA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangja@oml.gov; jagraziano@tva.gov; jchan@epri.com OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 1158 EP 1165 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.917661 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 286ND UT WOS:000254851700078 ER PT J AU Buehler, DA Giocomo, JJ Jones, J Hamel, PB Rogers, CM Beachy, TA Varble, DW Nicholson, CP Roth, KL Barg, J Robertson, RJ Robb, JR Islam, K AF Buehler, David A. Giocomo, James J. Jones, Jason Hamel, Paul B. Rogers, Christopher M. Beachy, Tiffany A. Varble, Dustin W. Nicholson, Charles P. Roth, Kirk L. Barg, Jennifer Robertson, Raleigh J. Robb, Joseph R. Islam, Kamal TI Cerulean warbler reproduction, survival, and models of population decline SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cerulean warbler; demography; Dendroica cerulea; fecundity; population model; survival ID NEST PREDATION; COASTAL CALIFORNIA; DENDROICA-CERULEA; MIGRATORY BIRDS; SUCCESS; GROWTH; SONGBIRD; ONTARIO AB We present and compare demographic data for cerulean warblers (Dendroica cerulea) from 5 study sites across the range of the species from 1992 to 2006. We conducted field studies to collect data on daily nest survival, nest success, and young fledged per successful nest, and we used data to estimate fecundity. Daily nest survival, nest success, young fledged, and fecundity varied widely across the cerulean range and among years. Study sites in agriculture-dominated landscapes (Mississippi Alluvial Valley, IN, and MI, USA) had negative growth rates in all years monitored because measured values of nest success and young produced per successful nest were incapable of offsetting apparent mortality. Ontario (Canada) and Tennessee (USA) populations had greater nest success and fecundity but still appeared to be incapable of producing stable populations (lambda = 1) under field-measured and assumed conditions. We had survival data only for one site (Ontario); thus, additional survival data are greatly needed to enable more reliable estimates of population growth. Conservation strategies for cerulean warblers in agriculture-dominated landscapes (e.g., Mississippi Alluvial Valley, IN, and MI) may require major landscape-level habitat reconfiguration to change agriculture-dominated landscapes to forest-dominated landscapes to increase fecundity. Conservation strategies in predominantly forested landscapes in the core of the range (e.g., TN) require a focus on minimizing habitat loss and developing management prescriptions capable of improving fecundity. In both cases, based on sensitivity and elasticity analyses, efforts to improve survival during the nonbreeding season would have the greatest positive effect on population growth. C1 [Buehler, David A.; Giocomo, James J.; Beachy, Tiffany A.; Varble, Dustin W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jones, Jason] Vassar Coll, Dept Biol, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604 USA. [Hamel, Paul B.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rogers, Christopher M.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Nicholson, Charles P.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Barg, Jennifer] Upper Valley Humane Soc, Enfield, NH USA. [Robertson, Raleigh J.] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Robb, Joseph R.] Big Oaks Natl Wildlife Refuge, Madison, IN USA. [Islam, Kamal] Ball State Univ, Dept Biol, Muncie, IN 47306 USA. RP Buehler, DA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dbuebler@utk.edu NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 646 EP 653 DI 10.2193/2006-339 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800010 ER PT J AU Pun, BK Seigneur, C Bailey, EM Gautney, LL Douglas, SG Haney, JL Kumar, N AF Pun, Betty K. Seigneur, Christian Bailey, Elizabeth M. Gautney, Larry L. Douglas, Sharon G. Haney, Jay L. Kumar, Naresh TI Response of atmospheric particulate matter to changes in precursor emissions: A comparison of three air quality models SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; NITRATE FORMATION; OZONE PRODUCTION; AEROSOL; SENSITIVITY AB Three mathematical models of air quality (CMAQ, CMAQ-MADRID, and REMSAD) are applied to simulate the response of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations to reductions in the emissions of gaseous precursors for a 10 day period of the July 1999 Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) in Nashville. The models are shown to predict similar directions of the changes in PM2.5 mass and component (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and organic compounds) concentrations in response to changes in emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOC), except for the effect Of SO2 reduction on nitrate and the effect of VOC reduction on PM2.5 mass. Furthermore, in many cases where the directional changes are consistent the magnitude of the changes are significantly different among models. Examples are the effects Of SO2 and NO, reductions on nitrate and PM2.5 mass and the effects of VOC reduction on organic compounds, sulfate and nitrate. The spatial resolution significantly influences the results in some cases. Operational model performance for a PM2.5 component appears to provide some useful indication on the reliability of the relative response factors (RRFs) for a change in emissions of a direct precursor, as well as for a change in emissions of a compound that affects this component in an indirect manner, such as via oxidant formation. However, these results need to be confirmed for other conditions and caution is still needed when applying air quality models for the design of emission control strategies. It is advisable to use more than one air quality model (or more than one configuration of a single air quality model) to span the full range of plausible scientific representations of atmospheric processes when investigating future air quality scenarios. C1 [Pun, Betty K.; Seigneur, Christian] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA USA. [Bailey, Elizabeth M.; Gautney, Larry L.] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. [Kumar, Naresh] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Douglas, Sharon G.; Haney, Jay L.] ICF Int, San Rafael, CA USA. RP Pun, BK (reprint author), Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA USA. EM pun@aer.com NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 831 EP 837 DI 10.1021/es702333d PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257CU UT WOS:000252777600033 PM 18323109 ER PT S AU Han, C Huang, AQ Bhattacharya, S White, LW Ingram, M Atcitty, S Wong, W AF Han, Chong Huang, Alex Q. Bhattacharya, Subhashish White, Leonard W. Ingram, Michael Atcitty, Stanley Wong, Willie GP IEEE TI Design of an Ultra-capacitor Energy Storage System (UESS) for Power Quality Improvement of Electric Arc Furnaces SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE Ultra-Capacitor (UC); Energy Storage System (ESS); Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF); real power fluctuation AB Electrical arc furnace (EAF), acting as a fast varying real power and reactive power sink, not only induces the power quality pollution back to utility, but also prevent the effective production of metal industry. In this paper, a methodology of designing an energy storage system (ESS) for EAFs is presented. Based on the field data-based study of atypical EAF, the power, energy, and speed requirement of ESS are quantitatively evaluated. Based on the requirement, an ultra-capacitor energy storage system (UESS) is deemed as the suitable type of ESS for the EAF application. The design of UESS is described, and the preliminary experimental results are given. C1 [Han, Chong; Wong, Willie] ABB Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Huang, Alex Q.; Bhattacharya, Subhashish; White, Leonard W.] North Carolina State Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ingram, Michael] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), ABB Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 32 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417000005 ER PT S AU Zuo, J Carroll, R Trachian, P Dong, JY Affare, S Rogers, B Beard, L Liu, YL AF Zuo, Jian Carroll, Ritchie Trachian, Paul Dong, Jingyuan Affare, Sandra Rogers, Bruce Beard, Lisa Liu, Yilu GP IEEE TI Development of TVA SuperPDC: Phasor Applications, tools, and Event Replay SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE North American SyncrhoPhasor Initiative (NASPI); Super Phasor Data Concentrator (SuperPDC); Phasor Angle Reference (VPAR); Event reply; Power System Monitoring; WAMC AB With information and measurement technology evolving rapidly within the electric power industry, wide-area measurement, monitoring and control (WAMC) is deemed to be the key technology to improve power system reliability. Guided by this vision, the North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) is a nation-wide project that collaborate various resources to build the infrastructure of WAMC across North American. As part of NASPI, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is developing Super Phasor Data Concentrator (SuperPDC) which is the infrastructure hosting different measurement resources and providing platform for numerous WAMC applications, both real-time and none real-time. This paper outlines the SuperPDC architecture and demonstrates some real-time and close to real-time applications, developed by TVA and Virginia Tech based on SupersPDC platform. C1 [Zuo, Jian; Dong, Jingyuan; Liu, Yilu] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Carroll, Ritchie; Trachian, Paul; Affare, Sandra; Rogers, Bruce; Beard, Lisa] TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Zuo, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU TVA; Virginia Tech; NASPI FX The authors appreciate the support from TVA, Virginia Tech and NASPI for the work discussed in this paper. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1220 EP 1227 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800222 ER PT S AU Cardell, J Dobson, I Jewell, W Kezunovic, M Overbye, T Sen, PK Tylavsky, D Beard, L Galvan, F Hawkins, D AF Cardell, Judith Dobson, Ian Jewell, Ward Kezunovic, Mladen Overbye, Tom Sen, P. K. Tylavsky, Daniel Beard, Lisa Galvan, Floyd Hawkins, David GP IEEE TI The Electric Power Industry and Climate Change: US Research Needs SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE global climate change; electric power research; extreme weather; alternative technologies; government policy AB Research needs for the US electric power industry to address global climate change are summarized. The research addresses both mitigation, how the industry contributes to climate change, and adaptation, how the industry itself is affected by climate change. C1 [Cardell, Judith] Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. [Beard, Lisa] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. [Dobson, Ian] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Galvan, Floyd] Entergy Corp, New Orleans, LA USA. [Hawkins, David] Calif ISO, Folsom, CA USA. [Jewell, Ward] Wichita State Univ, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [Kezunovic, Mladen] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Overbye, Tom] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 60680 USA. [Sen, P. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tylavsky, Daniel] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Cardell, J (reprint author), Smith Coll, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. EM jcardell@smith.edu; dobson@engr.wisc.edu; ward.jewell@wichita.edu; kezunov@ece.tamu.edu; overbye@ece.uiuc.edu; psen@mines.edu; Tylavsky@asu.edu; lmbeard@tva.gov; fgalvan@entergy.com; dhawkins@caiso.com RI Dobson, Ian/C-3989-2008 OI Dobson, Ian/0000-0001-7018-5475 FU Tennessee Valley Authority FX This work was supported by the Power Systems Engineering Research Center and the Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1489 EP 1491 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800266 ER PT S AU Choi, BK Chiang, HD Cain, ST AF Choi, Byoung-Kon Chiang, Hsiao-Dong Cain, Stuart T. GP IEEE TI Justification of Some Field Observations of Dynamic Load Behaviors: Analytical and Numerical Approach SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE composite load model; distribution network impedance; measurement-based approach; output trajectory sensitivity; parameter estimation; percentage of induction motor loads ID PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; MODELS; IDENTIFIABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM AB It is known that modeling impedance in distribution networks, Including the percentage of induction motor load, is essential to the study of distribution system dynamic responses. In this paper, some field observations of dynamic load behaviors related to distribution network impedance and the percentage of induction motor load are justified using a novel composite load model and output trajectory sensitivity analysis. To provide this justification, we propose a composite load model named Z-ZIP-IM where equivalent distribution network impedance is serially connected to a conventional ZIP-induction motor (ZIP-IM) model. Then parameter values of the proposed composite load model are estimated using actual measurement data from TVA. Finally, output trajectory sensitivity with respect to model parameters at the obtained values is analyzed. In addition, the numerical identifiability of the obtained parameter values is tested. C1 [Choi, Byoung-Kon] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Chiang, Hsiao-Dong] Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cain, Stuart T.] TVA, Syst Planning Dept, Knoxville, TN 37402 USA. RP Choi, BK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 3857 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403802137 ER PT J AU Arnett, EB Brown, WK Erickson, WP Fiedler, JK Hamilton, BL Henry, TH Jain, A Johnson, GD Kerns, J Koford, RR Nicholson, CP O'Connell, TJ Piorkowski, MD Tankersley, RD AF Arnett, Edward B. Brown, W. Kent Erickson, Wallace P. Fiedler, Jenny K. Hamilton, Brenda L. Henry, Travis H. Jain, Aaftab Johnson, Gregory D. Kerns, Jessica Koford, Rolf R. Nicholson, Charles P. O'Connell, Timothy J. Piorkowski, Martin D. Tankersley, Roger D., Jr. TI Patterns of bat fatalities at wind energy facilities in North America SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bat fatality; fatality searches; North America; wind energy facilities; wind turbines ID MORTALITY; BIRDS; MINNESOTA; TURBINES AB Wind has become one of the fastest growing sources of renewable energy worldwide, but widespread and often extensive fatalities of bats have increased concern regarding the impacts of wind energy development on bats and other wildlife. We synthesized available information on patterns of bat fatalities from a review of 21 postconstruction fatality studies conducted at 19 facilities in 5 United States regions and one Canadian province. Dominance of migratory, foliage- and tree-roosting lasiurine species (e.g., hoary bat [Lasiurus cincreus]) killed by turbines was consistent among studies. Bat fatalities, although highly variable and periodic, consistently peaked in late summer and fall, coinciding with migration of lasiurines and other species. A notable exception was documented fatalities of pregnant female Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in May and June at a facility in Oklahoma, USA, and female silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) during spring in Tennessee, USA, and Alberta, Canada. Most studies reported that fatalities were distributed randomly across turbines at a site, although the highest number of fatalities was often found near the end Of turbine strings. Two studies conducted simultaneously in the same region documented similar timing of fatalities between sites, which suggests broader patterns of collisions dictated by weather, prey abundance, or other factors. None of the studies found differences in bat fatalities between turbines equipped with lighting required by the Federal Aviation Administration and turbines that were unlit. All studies that addressed relationships between bat fatalities and weather patterns found that most bats were killed on nights with low wind speed (<6 m/sec) and that fatalities increased immediately before and after passage of storm fronts. Weather patterns may be predictors of bat activity and fatality; thus, mitigation efforts that focus on these high-risk periods could reduce bat fatality substantially. We caution that estimates of bat fatality are conditioned by length of study and search interval and that they are biased in relation to how searcher efficiency, scavenger removal, and habitat differences were or were not accounted for. Our review will assist managers, biologists, and decision-makers with understanding unifying and unique patterns of bat fatality, biases, and limitations of existing efforts, and it will aid in designing future research needed to develop mitigation strategies for minimizing or eliminating bat fatality at wind facilities. C1 [Arnett, Edward B.] Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX 78746 USA. [Brown, W. Kent] Terrestrial & Aquat Environm Managers Ltd, Calgary, AB T3C 3G9, Canada. [Erickson, Wallace P.; Johnson, Gregory D.] Western EcoSyst Technol Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82070 USA. [Fiedler, Jenny K.; Henry, Travis H.; Tankersley, Roger D., Jr.] Tennessee Valley Author, Reg Nat Heritage Program, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [Hamilton, Brenda L.] BLH Environm Serv, Pincher Creek, AB T0K 1W0, Canada. [Jain, Aaftab] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kerns, Jessica] Univ Maryland, Appalachian Lab, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Koford, Rolf R.] Iowa State Univ, Iowa Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Nicholson, Charles P.] Tennessee Valley Author Environm Stewardship & Po, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. [O'Connell, Timothy J.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Piorkowski, Martin D.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Arnett, EB (reprint author), Bat Conservat Int, Austin, TX 78746 USA. EM earnett@batcon.org RI O'Connell, Timothy/A-2908-2011 OI O'Connell, Timothy/0000-0001-8215-2670 NR 75 TC 192 Z9 202 U1 22 U2 194 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 72 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.2193/2007-221 PG 18 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 254YU UT WOS:000252624700008 ER PT J AU Ke, L Ding, X Tanner, RL Schauer, JJ Zheng, M AF Ke, Lin Ding, Xiang Tanner, Roger L. Schauer, James J. Zheng, Mei TI Source contributions to carbonaceous aerosols in the Tennessee Valley Region SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE source apportionment; CMB; organic tracer; radiocarbon; carbonaceous aerosols ID FINE ORGANIC AEROSOL; AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; FIREPLACE COMBUSTION; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION AB Sources of carbonaceous aerosols collected from three sites of Chattanooga, TN (CH), Muscle Shoals, AL (MS), and Look Rock, TN (LR) in the Tennessee Valley Region (TVR) were apportioned using both organic tracer-based chemical mass balance (CMB) modeling and radiocarbon ((14)C) measurement and the results were compared. Eight sources were resolved by CMB, among which wood combustion (averaging 0.92 mu g m(-3)) was the largest contributor to primary organic carbon (OC) concentrations, followed by gasoline exhaust (0.35 mu g m(-3)), and diesel exhaust (0.18 mu g m(-3)). The identified primary sources accounted for 43%, 71%, and 14% of measured OC at CH, MS, and LR, respectively. Contributions from the eight primary sources resolved by CMB could explain 107 +/- 10% of ambient elemental carbon (EC) concentrations, with diesel exhaust (66 +/- 32%) and wood combustion (37 +/- 33%) as the most important contributors. The fossil fractions in total carbon determined by (14)C measurements were in reasonably good agreement with that in primary (OC + EC) carbon apportioned by CMB in the MS winter samples. The comparison between the (14)C and CMB results revealed that contemporary sources dominated other OC in the TVR, especially in summertime (84% contemporary). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ke, Lin; Ding, Xiang; Zheng, Mei] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tanner, Roger L.] Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. [Schauer, James J.] Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mzheng@eas.gatech.edu RI Ding, Xiang/C-7018-2012 OI Ding, Xiang/0000-0002-1218-1879 NR 47 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2007 VL 41 IS 39 BP 8898 EP 8923 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.08.024 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 249WG UT WOS:000252260400007 ER PT J AU Peleg, M Matveev, V Tas, E Luria, M Valente, RJ Obrist, D AF Peleg, Mordechai Matveev, Valeri Tas, Eran Luria, Menachem Valente, Ralph J. Obrist, Daniel TI Mercury depletion events in the troposphere in mid-latitudes at the Dead Sea, Israel SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; ELEMENTAL MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; POLAR SUNRISE; BROMINE OXIDE; SPRINGTIME DEPLETION; DOAS MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DEPLETION; NY-ALESUND AB The occurrence of mercury depletion events (MDE) in the Polar Regions during the spring periods has raised global concern due to the biomagnifications of the deposited mercury into the aquatic food chain. However, it now appears that MDE is not limited to the Polar Regions and can also occur at mid-latitudes. Diurnal cycles of mercury, ozone, and BrO behavior based on short-time resolution measurements are presented for the Dead Sea, Israel, for Summer 2006. The results show that mercury depletion events occur almost daily, accompanied always by the presence of BrO and concurrent ozone destruction. The intensity of the MDE corresponded to increasing BrO levels. Mercury depletions of more than 40% were observed when BrO levels rose above 60-70 ppt. Based on the present measurements and supported by theoretical considerations, it appears that BrOx (BrO + Br) is the primary species responsible for the mercury depletion at the Dead Sea. The present study also suggests, especially at low ozone levels, that the Br atom may play a major role in conversion of the gaseous elemental mercury to the reactive species, HgBr2. The implications of the present study are that even at low BrO levels (< 10 ppt), mercury depletion may well occur at other mid-latitude sites and thus needs to be taken into consideration in the global mercury cycle. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. Div Atmospher Sci, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Peleg, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, Edmud Safra Campus, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM pelegm@pob.huji.ac.il RI Tas, Eran/J-4855-2012 NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 21 BP 7280 EP 7285 DI 10.1021/es070320j PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225ZE UT WOS:000250556100019 PM 18044500 ER PT J AU Tsai, SJ Zhang, L Phadke, AG Liu, YL Ingram, MR Bell, SC Grant, TS Bradshaw, DT Lubkeman, D Tang, L AF Tsai, Shu-Jen Zhang, Li Phadke, Arun G. Liu, Yilu Ingram, Michael R. Bell, Sandra C. Grant, Tan S. Bradshaw, Dale T. Lubkeman, David Tang, Le TI Frequency sensitivity and electromechanical propagation simulation study in large power systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS LA English DT Article DE electromechanical-wave propagation; power-system frequency; system dynamics; wide-area measurements (WAMs) ID VALIDATION; WECC AB A global view of power system's frequency behavior opens up a new window for analyzing system's dynamics. With the aid of global positioning system, measurements from different locations would have synchronous time; therefore a system-wide observation and analysis would be possible. As part of the US-wide power frequency monitoring network project this paper focus on simulation study results of power frequency dynamics of the Eastern U.S. system. The study assesses the frequency measurement accuracy needed to observe frequency dynamics from events such as remote generation drops. Electromechanical-wave propagation phenomena during system disturbances have been observed. The speeds of electromechanical-wave propagation in different areas of the U.S. systems were estimated and their characteristics were discussed. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. ABB Incorp, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Tsai, SJ (reprint author), Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Chiayi 62107, Taiwan. EM stsai@ee.ecu.edu.tw; zhangli@vt.edu; yilu@vt.edu NR 29 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1549-8328 J9 IEEE T CIRCUITS-I JI IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1819 EP 1828 DI 10.1109/TCSI.2007.902542 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 196YZ UT WOS:000248520900019 ER PT J AU Niksa, S Bour, DP Burnett, TA Handagama, NB AF Niksa, Stephen Bour, David P. Burnett, Thomas A. Handagama, Naresh B. TI Use predictive techniques to guide your mercury compliance strategy SO POWER LA English DT Article AB Several states have mandated faster and/or deeper reductions in plant mercury emissions than those called for by the Clean Air Mercury Rule. Unfortunately, differences between plants make accurate evaluation of control options difficult. In most cases, even statistically based Hg emission models don't pass muster because they don't account for the dynamic chemical behavior of Hg species in gas cleaning systems. This article describes one system evaluation tool that has been validated using Ha field test data from 50 full-scale flue gas cleaning systems. It is already being used by TVA and other utilities. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. EM neasteve@pacbell.net; dbour@sbcglobal.net; taburnett@tva.gov; nbhandagama@tva.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRADEFAIR GROUP PI HOUSTON PA 11000 RICHMOND, STE 500, HOUSTON, TX 77042 USA SN 0032-5929 J9 POWER JI Power PD AUG PY 2007 VL 151 IS 8 BP 60 EP + PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 206NK UT WOS:000249190000020 ER PT J AU Palumbo, AV Tarver, JR Fagan, LA McNeilly, MS Ruther, R Fisher, LS Amonette, JE AF Palumbo, Anthony V. Tarver, Jana R. Fagan, Lisa A. McNeilly, Meghan S. Ruther, Rose Fisher, L. Suzanne Amonette, James E. TI Comparing metal leaching and toxicity from high pH, low pH, and high ammonia fly ash SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; metals; fly ash ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; HEAVY-METALS; LEACHATE; SELENIUM; SAMPLES; RECLAMATION; AMENDMENT; EXTRACTS; MOBILITY AB Previous work with both class F and class C fly ash indicated minimal leaching from most fly ashes tested. However, the addition of NO, removal equipment might result in higher levels of ammonia in the fly ash. We have recently been testing fly ash with a wide range of pH (3.7-12.4) originating from systems with NOx removal equipment. Leaching experiments were done using dilute CaCl2 solutions in batch and columns and a batch nitric acid method. All methods indicated that the leaching of heavy metals was different in the highest ammonia sample tested and the high pH sample. However, toxicity testing with the Microtox (c) system has indicated little potential toxicity in leachates except for the fly ash at the highest pH (12.4). When the leachate from the high pH fly ash was neutralized, toxicity was eliminated. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. New Coll, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37995 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palumbo, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM palumboav@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Drake, Meghan/A-6446-2011; Phillips, Jana/G-4755-2016; Ruther, Rose/I-9207-2016 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Drake, Meghan/0000-0001-7969-4823; Phillips, Jana/0000-0001-9319-2336; Ruther, Rose/0000-0002-1391-902X NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JUL-AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 10-11 BP 1623 EP 1630 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.018 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 189GY UT WOS:000247978600032 ER PT J AU Kalsi, SS Madura, D Snitchler, G Ross, M Voccio, J Ingram, M AF Kalsi, S. S. Madura, D. Snitchler, G. Ross, M. Voccio, J. Ingram, M. TI Discussion of test results of a superconductor synchronous condenser on a utility grid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference 2006 CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 2006 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Superconductor Corp, Univ Wiscosin-Madison, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Florida State Univ, Field Lab, Appl Superconduct Conf Inc, AYI WAH ChANG, Boeing Co, CCAS, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, Cryogen Ltd, Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Metallurgy, Device Mat Grp, GE Global Res Ctr, Electromagnet & Superconduct Lab, IEEE Coucil Superconduct, Univ Cambridge, IRC Superconduct, Oxford Instruments, Superconductor Sci & Technol, Inst Phys Publ, SuperPower Inc, Univ Houston, TcSUH DE dynamic synchronous compensator; FACTS (flexible AC transmission system); high temperature superconductor; low voltage ride through (LVRT); reactive power; STATCOM (static shunt compensator); superconductor synchronous condenser; superVAR; SVC (static VAR Compensator); VAR (volt-ampere-reactive); wind farms; wind turbines AB An 8 MVAR, 13.8 kV Superconducting Dynamic Synchronous Condenser (SDSC) prototype was tested on the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) grid for about a year. It shared a bus with an are furnace. The SDSC was subjected to transient currents and harmonics created by the arc furnace, which consisted of up to 50% negative sequence and 20% zero sequence components. The SDSC operated successfully in the presence of such high transient/harmonic currents. It provided cycle by cycle correction of voltage during operation. The benefits of voltage correction were observed both at the local bus and at the generator bus of a power generation station several miles away. Currently two commercial units rated 12 MVAR, 13.8 kV, are on order by TVA and are scheduled for delivery in December 2006 and March 2007. These units will be skid-mounted for easy installation on site. This paper discusses test results of the prototype unit operation on the grid and describes its potential applications for voltage support in wind farms. C1 Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01545 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Kalsi, SS (reprint author), Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01545 USA. EM skalsi@amsuper.com; mringram@tva.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2 BP 2026 EP 2029 DI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899206 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 195WI UT WOS:000248442600243 ER PT J AU Ingram, M Ehlers, R AF Ingram, Mike Ehlers, Randy TI Toward effective substation automation SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. EnerNex Corp, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Ingram, M (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1540-7977 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD MAY-JUN PY 2007 VL 5 IS 3 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1109/MPAE.2007.365822 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 219JR UT WOS:000250081300011 ER PT J AU Bailey, EM Gautney, LL Kelsoe, JJ Jacobs, ME Mao, Q Condrey, JW Pun, B Wu, SY Seigneur, C Douglas, S Haney, J Kumar, N AF Bailey, E. M. Gautney, L. L. Kelsoe, J. J. Jacobs, M. E. Mao, Q. Condrey, J. W. Pun, B. Wu, S. -Y. Seigneur, C. Douglas, S. Haney, J. Kumar, N. TI A comparison of the performance of four air quality models for the Southern Oxidants Study episode in July 1999 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; MOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER; CHEMICAL MECHANISM; PARTICLE NITRATE; PM2.5; MASS; ATMOSPHERE; CALIFORNIA; TENNESSEE AB Modeling systems that are designed to investigate tropospheric air quality concerns must address several issues simultaneously: ozone, particulate matter, deposition and visibility. These modeling systems consist of three components: meteorology, emissions and air quality. A simulation was conducted for the July 1999 Southern Oxidants Study to evaluate one such modeling system, Models-3. Performance of the meteorological component, MM5, was evaluated against observations. Consistency of two emissions models, SMOKE and EPS 2.5, was evaluated by comparing their outputs. For comparison, the performance of CMAQ and three additional models (CMAQ-MADRID 1, CMAQ-MADRID 2, and REMSAD) was evaluated for the same time period. Nested simulations for a 32-km and an 8-km grid were conducted for CMAQ and CMAQ-MADRID 1. Results for CMAQ-MADRID 2 and REMSAD are available only for the 8-km grid. Performance was evaluated for PM and its components, ozone and wet deposition. Differences in model performance for PM2.5 and its components were greatest for OC and total PM2.5; performance was more consistent for the other components. Model performance was generally better on the 32-km grid than the 8-km grid for PM2.5 and its components. R-2 values ranged from 20 to 50% for NH4+ and EC and were lower for other PM2.5 components, indicating that the predictive capabilities of the models for PM2.5 are limited. Model performance for ozone met EPA guidance for MNB and MNE when a 60 ppb cutoff was used and was better on the 8-km grid than on the 32-km grid. Performance for wet deposition was good. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA USA. ICF Int, San Rafael, CA USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Bailey, EM (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. EM embailey@tva.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 10 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D5 AR D05306 DI 10.1029/2005JD007021 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 145XN UT WOS:000244899200001 ER PT J AU Valente, RJ Shea, C Humes, KL Tanner, RL AF Valente, Ralph J. Shea, Catherine Humes, K. Lynn Tanner, Roger L. TI Atmospheric mercury in the Great Smoky Mountains compared to regional and global levels SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE meteorology; gaseous elemental mercury; reactive gaseous mercury; particle mercury; fine particulate mercury; global mercury; Tekran; mercury speciation; Great Smoky Mountains; atmospheric mercury ID GASEOUS MERCURY; POLLUTANTS; DEPOSITION; SPECIATION; CHINA; AIR; HG AB Improvements in measurement technology are permitting development of a more detailed scientific understanding of the cycling of mercury in the global atmospheric environment. Critical to advancing the state of knowledge is the acquisition of accurate measurement of speciated mercury (gaseous and particulate) at ground research stations in a variety of settings located around the globe. This paper describes one such research effort conducted at TVA's Look Rock air quality monitoring site in Tennessee-a mountain top site (813 m elevation) just west of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the largest National Park in the eastern US and it receives environmental protection under a variety of US statutes. Gaseous and particle mercury species along with some additional trace gases were measured at Look Rock during two field studies totaling 84 days in the spring and summer of 2004. Average results for the entire sampling period are: gaseous elemental mercury Hg(0): 1.65 ng m(-3), reactive gaseous mercury RGM: 0.005 ng m(-3), particulate mercury Hg(p): 0.007 ng m(-3). Literature review indicates that these levels are within the range found for other rural/remote sites in North America and worldwide. Reactive and particulate mercury comprised together less than 1%, on average, of total airborne mercury at Look Rock. When compared to the global background mercury literature, the Look Rock measurements demonstrate that the atmospheric mercury levels in the vicinity of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park are clearly dominated by the global atmospheric pool, not by local or regional sources. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 TVA Res & Technol Applicat, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. RP Valente, RJ (reprint author), TVA Res & Technol Applicat, Mail Stop CEB 1C-M, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. EM rjvalente@tva.gov NR 46 TC 95 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2007 VL 41 IS 9 BP 1861 EP 1873 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.054 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 141AX UT WOS:000244549600006 ER PT J AU Han, C Yang, ZO Chen, B Huang, AQ Zhang, B Ingram, MR Edris, AA AF Han, Chong Yang, Zhanoning Chen, Bin Huang, Alex Q. Zhang, Bin Ingram, Michael R. Edris, Abdel-Aty TI Evaluation of cascade-multilevel-converter-based STATCOM for arc furnace flicker mitigation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 02-06, 2005 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE cascade-multilevel converter (CMC); electric arc furnace; flicker; STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM); transient network analyzer (TNA) ID MODEL AB As an industry customer of electric power, an electrical arc furnace (EAF) is a major flicker source that causes major power quality problems. For a 40-MVA EAF in Tennessee, USA, a cascade-multilevel converter (CMC)-based STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) with high bandwidth is proposed for EAF flicker mitigation. In this paper, flicker mitigation techniques by using a CMC-based STATCOM are presented and verified through a transient network analyzer (TNA) system. The required STATCOM capacity is first studied through a generalized steady-state analysis. Second, the STATCOM control strategy for flicker mitigation is introduced, and simulation results are given. Finally, a TNA system of the STATCOM and an EAF system are designed and implemented. Experimental results from the TNA test show that the proposed CMC-based STATCOM and its controller can efficiently and rapidly mitigate the EAF flicker. C1 ABB Inc, Norwalk, CT 06851 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Linear Technol Corp, Raleigh, NC 27513 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), ABB Inc, Norwalk, CT 06851 USA. EM chhan@ieee.org; aqhuang@ncsu.edu RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 13 TC 38 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD MAR-APR PY 2007 VL 43 IS 2 BP 378 EP 385 DI 10.1109/TIA.2006.889896 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 149MA UT WOS:000245149800001 ER PT J AU Fisher, LS Mays, PA Wylie, CL AF Fisher, L. S. Mays, P. A. Wylie, C. L. TI An overview of nitrogen critical loads for policy makers, stakeholders, and industries in the United States SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Review DE chemical criteria limit; critical loads; nitrogen deposition; simple mass balance ID DEPOSITION EFFECTS ASSESSMENT; SOUTH-CENTRAL ONTARIO; COLORADO FRONT RANGE; ATMOSPHERIC-DEPOSITION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; N FERTILIZATION; SOIL-NITROGEN; NEW-HAMPSHIRE AB Critical load values are calculated to determine ecosystem responses to deposition in a given area; these values may act as a tool to identify sensitive ecosystems in further need of protection. This overview provides an introduction to nitrogen critical loads for policy makers and parties involved in managing nitrogen deposition including electric utility generators, transportation managers and automobile manufacturers, and large-scale agricultural operators in the United States. It examines the use of the critical loads concept in European nations for establishing policy guidelines, current research on nitrogen critical loads in the U.S., and the development of nitrogen critical loads modeling and mapping. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Fisher, LS (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 400 W Summit Hill Dr, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. EM lsfisher@tva.gov NR 92 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD FEB PY 2007 VL 179 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s11270-006-9235-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 133RG UT WOS:000244029800002 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Eatough, DJ AF Tanner, Roger L. Eatough, Delbert J. TI Comment on "Aerosol organic carbon to black carbon ratios: Analysis of published data and implication for climate forcing'' by T. Novakov et al. SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, CEB 1C,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 18 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D2 AR D02202 DI 10.1029/2006JD007210 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 131DW UT WOS:000243849400003 ER PT S AU Dong, J Zuo, J Wang, L Kook, KS Chung, IY Liu, Y Affare, S Rogers, B Ingram, M AF Dong, Jingyuan Zuo, Jian Wang, Lei Kook, Kyung Soo Chung, Il-Yop Liu, Yilu Affare, Sandra Rogers, Bruce Ingram, Michael GP IEEE TI Analysis of power system disturbances based on wide-area frequency measurements SO 2007 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 24, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Power Engn Soc DE wide-area measurement; interconnection; frequency monitoring network (FNET); power system dynamics; disturbance analysis ID TRANSIENTS AB It is very important to understand system dynamics during disturbances in order to improve control measures to ensure power system security and reliability. Power system disturbances are examined in this paper based on wide-area frequency data from a nation-wide frequency monitoring network (FNET). Frequency characteristics of events in three major North America power grids are investigated. Typical frequency patterns of generation loss and load drop events are analyzed for Eastern Interconnection system, Western Electricity Coordinating Council system, and Electric Reliability Council of Texas system. The recovery patterns following disturbances are also studied to evaluate control performances of the interconnections. C1 [Dong, Jingyuan; Zuo, Jian; Wang, Lei; Kook, Kyung Soo; Chung, Il-Yop; Liu, Yilu] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Affare, Sandra; Rogers, Bruce; Ingram, Michael] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Dong, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM atjydong@vt.edu; ryanzuo@vt.edu; lewang1@vt.edu; kskook@vt.edu; ilyop_chung@yahoo.com; yilu@vt.edu; scbell1@tva.gov; berogers@tva.gov; mringram@tva.gov FU NSF; TVA and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University FX This work was supported by NSF, TVA and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-1296-9 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2007 BP 321 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY37 UT WOS:000251345400064 ER PT S AU Wang, JJA Lara-Curzio, E King, T Graziano, J Chan, J AF Wang, John Jy-An Lara-Curzio, Edgar King, Thomas Graziano, Joseph Chan, John GP IEEE TI The integrity of ACSR full tension splice connector at higher operation temperature SO 2007 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 24, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE Power Engn Soc DE tensile splice connector integrity; transmission lines; ACSR; high temperature low sag conductors AB Due to the increase in power demand and limited investment in new infrastructure, existing overhead power transmission lines often need to operate at temperatures higher than those used for the original design criteria. This has led to the accelerated aging and degradation of splice connectors, which have been manifested by the formation of hot-spots that have been revealed by infrared imaging during inspection. The implications of connector aging is two-fold: (1) significant increase in resistivity of the splice connector (i.e., less efficient transmission of electricity) and (2) significant reduction in the connector clamping strength, which could ultimately result in separation of the power transmission fine at the joint. Therefore, the splice connector appears to be the weakest link in the electric power transmission lines. This paper presents a protocol for integrating analytical and experimental approaches to evaluate the integrity of a full tension single-stage splice connector assembly. C1 [Wang, John Jy-An; Lara-Curzio, Edgar; King, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Graziano, Joseph] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Chan, John] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Wang, JJA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangja@ornl.gov; jagraziano@tva.gov; jchan@epri.com FU TLS Program; DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; [TPWRD-00782-2006] FX This work was supported by in part by the TLS Program and in part by the DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. Paper no. TPWRD-00782-2006 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1932-5517 BN 978-1-4244-1296-9 J9 IEEE POWER ENG SOC PY 2007 BP 1813 EP 1819 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BGY37 UT WOS:000251345401138 ER PT S AU Harvey, L AF Harvey, Lucia BE Faust, WD TI THE ELECTRICITY MARKET & CRITICAL ISSUES SO 68TH PORCELAIN ENAMEL INSTITUTE TECHNICAL FORUM SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 68th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum CY MAY 15-18, 2006 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Many factors affect the supply of electricity for manufacturing; including growing consumer demand, limited new power plant construction and environmental impact issues. Record warm summers have been recorded in the last decade. Significantly strong hurricanes have damaged infrastructure in the Gulf region of the US. Environmental restrictions have increased in recent years regarding by-products from energy production. Weather conditions in other geographic areas affect the supply of natural gas (LNG) and increased demand in China and India and unrest in Africa and the Middle-East add to energy supply problems. The outlook for energy generation for the next decade and beyond is highlighted. Demand and capacity are expected to continue their upward trends and reach equilibrium in about 2015; however the "reserve margin" may drop to 10% from a level of about 30% today. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Harvey, L (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-09735-9 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 9 BP 35 EP 43 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BSM85 UT WOS:000284973000002 ER PT J AU Divan, DM Brumsickle, WE Schneider, RS Kranz, B Gascoigne, RW Bradshaw, DT Ingram, MR Grant, IS AF Divan, Deepak M. Brumsickle, William E. Schneider, Robert S. Kranz, Bill Gascoigne, Randal W. Bradshaw, Dale T. Ingram, Michael R. Grant, Ian S. TI A distributed static series compensator system for realizing active power flow control on existing power lines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE distributed FACTS; flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS); interconnected power systems; power system economics; power system planning; power transmission congestion; power transmission control; power transmission lines ID TRANSMISSION AB Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices can control power flow in the transmission system to improve asset utilization, relieve congestion, and limit loop flows. High costs and reliability concerns have restricted their use in these applications. The concept of distributed FACTS (D-FACTS) is introduced as a way to remove these barriers. A new device, the distributed static series compensator (DSSC), attaches directly to existing HV or EHV conductors and so does not require HV insulation. It can be manufactured at low cost from conventional industrial-grade components. The DSSC modules are distributed, a few per conductor mile, to achieve the desired power flow control functionality by effectively changing the line reactance. Experimental results from a prototype module are presented, along with examples of the benefits deriving from a system of DSSC devices. C1 Soft Switching Technol, Middleton, WI 53562 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Divan, DM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM deepak.divan@ece.gatech.edu; brumsickle@ieee.org; dtbradshaw@electrivation.com; mringram@tva.gov; isgrant@tva.gov NR 7 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 642 EP 649 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.887103 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 121QR UT WOS:000243172600080 ER PT J AU Cupp, EW Hassan, HK Yue, X Oldland, WK Lilley, BM Unnasch, TR AF Cupp, Eddie W. Hassan, Hassan K. Yue, Xin Oldland, William K. Lilley, Bruce M. Unnasch, Thomas R. TI West Nile virus infection in mosquitoes in the Mid-South USA, 2002-2005 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Alabama; overwintering; Culex ID HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; CULEX-PIPIENS COMPLEX; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; NEW-JERSEY; NEW-YORK; CULICIDAE AB West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) was first detected in the Tennessee Valley and in Alabama in August 2001. In summer 2002, intensive viral activity was seen, but in subsequent years, viral activity settled into an enzootic pattern. Here, we report an analysis of viral activity in the mosquito fauna in the Mid-South from 2002 (the first year viral activity was detected in mosquitoes) through 2005. Eight mosquito species were infected with WNV during 2002. However, viral activity was only detected in four species-Culex salinarius Coquillett, Culex erraticus Dyar & Knab, Coquillettidia perturbans Walker, and Aedes vexans Meigen-in multiple years. The greatest number of positive pools was in Cx. erraticus and Cx. salinarius. Despite being specifically targeted for collection, Aedes albopictus Skuse was only found to be infected during the epiornitic year (2002), suggesting that under enzootic transmission conditions its role as a bridge vector in the region may not be significant. Virus-positive pools of Cx. erraticus were identified from winter-resting and early season dry ice-baited trap collections in 2005, implicating this species in WNV overwintering in Alabama. Molecular analysis of individuals initially identified as members of the Culex pipiens L. complex suggested that alleles characteristic of Cx. pipiens predominated in mosquitoes collected in Huntsville, AL, whereas alleles in the Auburn, AL, population were predominately characteristic of Culex quinquefaciatus Say. The southern boundary of the overlap zone of the two species seems to be located primarily between Huntsville and Auburn, a distance of 350 km. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Gorgas Sect Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Cupp, EW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM tunnasch@uab.edu FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [R01 CI000226]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049724-08, R01 AI049724] NR 39 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[117:WNVIIM]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400016 PM 17294929 ER PT J AU Sopher, CD Battles, GT Knueve, EA AF Sopher, Charles D. Battles, George T. Knueve, Edward A. TI Ozone applications in catfish processing SO OZONE-SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ozone; catfish processing; worker safety; odor control AB TVA, EPRI, Global Energy Partners, LLC, ClearWater Tech, LLC and Superior Catfish Products (Macon, Mississippi) partnered to conduct research and demonstrate beneficial effects of applying gaseous and aqueous ozone in catfish processing. Utilizing an HDO3-III skid mounted ozone unit manufactured by ClearWater Tech, LLC, various processing areas in the Superior Fish Products catfish processing plant were evaluated in August 2005 to determine if aqueous ozone could reduce the microbial load in the processing line and on finished product. In the offal room, gaseous ozone was introduced to determine if odors could be reduced while catfish by-products were being loaded into trucks also located in the offal room. The utilization of aqueous ozone as a final rinse for processing equipment was also tested. All tests were replicated five times and a completely randomized design was used to statistically analyze resulting data. Standard Laboratories, Inc. of Starkville, MS was contracted to conduct all microbial analyses. It was found that aqueous ozone was very effective in significantly reducing microbial loads on live catfish entering the plant. Finished catfish fillets washed in ozonated water showed significant reductions in total plate counts. Ozonation at the fillet machine could be beneficial. Utilizing aqueous ozone as a final wash after using soap and a chlorine sanitizer was of no benefit and actually removed the residual chlorine and led to increased plate counts. Gaseous ozone reduced odors in the offal room rapidly and effectively. Utilization of ozone for odor reductions will require ozone monitoring equipment that ensures employee safety. C1 Global Energy Partners LLC, Agrifood Technol Serv, Washington, NC 27889 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Food Proc Ind, Memphis, TN USA. ClearWater Tech LLC, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. RP Sopher, CD (reprint author), Global Energy Partners LLC, Agrifood Technol Serv, 1102C W 5th St,POB 1479, Washington, NC 27889 USA. EM sopherc@earthlink.net NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0191-9512 J9 OZONE-SCI ENG JI Ozone-Sci. Eng. PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.1080/01919510701312965 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 183VK UT WOS:000247600100009 ER PT J AU Bailey, GJ Helms, MM AF Bailey, G. J. Helms, M. M. TI MRO inventory reduction - challenges and management: a case study of the Tennessee Valley Authority SO PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE inventory; maintenance; repair and operations (MRO) inventory; reduction; improvement; safety stock; repair parts; utility ID SPARE PART NETWORKS; LATERAL TRANSSHIPMENTS; MAINTENANCE; SERVICE; LOGISTICS; TIME AB Emphasis on maintenance, repair, and operations inventory (or MRO inventory) can lead to improved inventory control, reduced operational costs, enhanced productivity, and increased cost accounting accuracy. To review the benefits of MRO inventory reduction, as well as highlight the management challenges associated with the process, a case study of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is presented. TVA is a not-for-profit electric power generation entity. TVA standardised inventory policies and procedures. Their comprehensive five-year plan included employee training, changes in organisational structure and strategy, reduced MRO inventories and the establishment of new growth drivers. Net inventory reductions of $47 million were realised. Suggestions for future MRO inventory reductions as well as replication of the management involvement and improvement process in other organisations are included. C1 Dalton State Coll, Dalton, GA 30720 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Inventory Anal & Reporting, Mat Management Serv, Chattanooga, TN 37403 USA. RP Helms, MM (reprint author), Dalton State Coll, 650 N Coll Dr, Dalton, GA 30720 USA. EM mhelms@daltonstate.edu NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7287 J9 PROD PLAN CONTROL JI Prod. Plan. Control PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 DI 10.1080/09537280601127351 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 155OX UT WOS:000245588600009 ER PT J AU Behrends, LL Bailey, E Jansen, P Houke, L Smith, S AF Behrends, L. L. Bailey, E. Jansen, P. Houke, L. Smith, S. TI Integrated constructed wetland systems: design, CD operation, and performance of low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment systems SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems CY MAR 07-10, 2006 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Int Water Assoc, UNAM DE constructed wetland; decentralized wastewater treatment; denitrification; nitrification; reciprocating wetland ID REMOVAL AB Several different types of constructed wetland systems are being used as decentralized treatment systems including surface-flow, subsurface-flow, vertical-flow, and hybrid systems. Archetypical wetland systems have design strengths and weaknesses, and therefore it should be possible to design combined (integrated) systems to optimize a number of important treatment processes. This study provides comparative efficacy data for two integrated wetland treatment systems (IWTS) designed to enhance treatment of medium strength wastewater generated from a pilot-scale intensive fish farm. Results from the twenty eight months study included consistently high removal of COD (840% +) and ammonia nitrogen (93%) in both systems. Initially, phosphorus removal was also high (> 90%) in both systems, but removal efficacy declined significantly over time. Nitrate removal was significantly better in the system that provided sequential aerobic and anoxic environments. Short hydraulic retention times coupled with sustained removal of COD and ammonia indicate that the ReCip components could be a least-cost wastewater treatment technology in the decentralized market sector. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Behrends, LL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, CEB1-C, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM llbehrends@tva.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 20 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2007 VL 55 IS 7 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.2166/wst.2007.140 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 177RD UT WOS:000247169300021 PM 17506433 ER PT J AU Hassan, HK Cupp, EW Yue, X Oldland, WK Lilley, BM Unnasch, TR AF Hassan, K. Hassan Cupp, Eddie W. Yue, Xin Oldland, William K. Lilley, Bruce M. Unnasch, Thomas R. TI West Nile Virus infection in mosquitoes in the Midsouth USA, 2002-2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 611 BP 176 EP 176 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343901046 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Bailey, EM Cook, TM Mao, Q AF Mueller, Stephen F. Bailey, Elizabeth M. Cook, Toree M. Mao, Qi TI Treatment of clouds and the associated response of atmospheric sulfur in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sulfur dioxide; sulfate; heterogeneous chemistry; clouds; modeling ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SULFATE AB An air quality modeling system-"Models-3/CMAQ"-is studied to determine the relationship between simulated cloud cover and atmospheric sulfur. Sulfur dioxide oxidation to sulfate occurs in the atmosphere through gas-phase reactions and reactions in clouds. The latter heterogeneous reactions can be rapid compared to gas-phase chemistry and a model must correctly simulate cloud cover to avoid serious bias. An evaluation of CMAQ revealed serious problems with diagnosed cloud cover and a bias in simulated sulfate production that was consistent with cloud biases. CMAQ modifications were tested to determine the sensitivity of the sulfur balance to cloud modeling assumptions. The model's vertical layer structure, limits on subgrid-scale cloud base and top heights, and the ability to simulate subgrid-scale convective cloud formation were found to be important. After applying model changes, atmospheric sulfur simulations were less biased and sulfur dioxide and sulfate were in better balance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfmueller@tva.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 40 IS 35 BP 6804 EP 6820 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.069 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 099PH UT WOS:000241607000011 ER PT J AU Zhang, B Huang, AQ Chen, B Atcitty, S Ingram, M AF Zhang, Bin Huang, Alex Q. Chen, Bin Atcitty, Stanley Ingram, Michael TI Development and experimental demonstration of a self-powered ETO (SPETO) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 2004 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE Ind Applicat Soc DE base/gate drive suppression; emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO); gate turn-off thyristor (GTO); self-powered ETO (SPETO) AB This paper presents the design and experimental demonstration of a superior high-power-device self-powered emitter turn-off thyristor (SPETO). Different from conventional high-power devices which require external power input for their gate drivers, the SPETO achieves optically controlled turn on and turn off, and all of the internal power required is self-obtained. A low-loss gate-drive circuit is implemented which allows the simple power-up operation. During a normal switching operation, the SPETO obtains a power for the gate drive during its turn-on operation. A novel switching strategy is also introduced to minimize the gate-drive power requirement. The SPETO greatly reduces costs and increases the reliability of power converters since no external power supply for device gate drive is required. Therefore, the SPETO is suitable for high-power high-frequency voltage-source-converter applications. C1 Linear Technol Corp, Cary, NC 27513 USA. N Carolina State Univ, SPEC, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Zhang, B (reprint author), Linear Technol Corp, Cary, NC 27513 USA. EM bzhang@linear.com; aqhuang@ncsu.edu; bchen4@ncsu.edu; satcitt@sandia.gov; mringram@tva.gov RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1387 EP 1394 DI 10.1109/TIA.2006.882657 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 108RK UT WOS:000242256700005 ER PT J AU Lee, KCP Ju, LK AF Lee, K. C. Patrick Ju, Lu-Kwang TI CELL 48-Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials by microwave irradiation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, K. C. Patrick] Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. [Ju, Lu-Kwang] Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RI Ju, Lu-Kwang/M-2466-2014 OI Ju, Lu-Kwang/0000-0002-2339-6891 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD SEP 10 PY 2006 VL 232 MA 48-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V15DB UT WOS:000207781602182 ER PT J AU Mao, Q Gautney, LL Cook, TM Jacobs, ME Smith, SN Kelsoe, JJ AF Mao, Q Gautney, LL Cook, TM Jacobs, ME Smith, SN Kelsoe, JJ TI Numerical experiments on MM5-CMAQ sensitivity to various PBL schemes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE model sensitivity; planetary boundary layer; air quality simulation; FDDA; aspect ratios of error ID URBAN CANOPY MODEL; AIR-QUALITY MODELS; OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; MESOSCALE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; HEAT-ISLAND; CMAQ; LAYER; PREDICTIONS; SIMULATION AB The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was used along with the PSU/NCAR mesoscale modeling system MM5 to study air quality modeling sensitivity to various planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes implemented in MM5. Two 37-day periods, representing typical summer and winter periods, were selected for the simulations. The MM5 domain covered the continental US while the CMAQ domain covered much of the central and eastern US. There were 34 vertical layers in MM5 and 18 in CMAQ. The horizontal resolution was 36 km for both. MM5 was run with five of the seven commonly used PBL schemes to generate a series of gridded meteorological fields. The data were then processed and converted by the meteorology-chemistry interface processor (MCIP) to produce meteorological input for CMAQ, in conjunction with the emissions data prepared by the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) System. The sensitivity of MM5-CMAQ modeling to the various PBL schemes was assessed and quantified by comparing model output against observations from the meteorological and the air quality monitoring networks within the CMAQ domain. The meteorological variables evaluated included surface (2-m) and 850-mb temperature, 10-meter and 850 mb wind speed and direction, 2-m mixing ratio, surface pressure, and cloud fraction over 50 surface sites and 21 upper air sounding sites. The CMAQ variables included gaseous species O-3, NO2, NOx, SO2 and fine particulate matter PM2.5 for over 2000 monitoring stations. A new 3-2-1 objective evaluation approach was developed to enhance the model sensitivity analysis. Results of evaluation of these variables indicate that domain-wide the performance of neither model was sensitive to the PBL schemes. Although large differences of PBL height existed across the meteorological simulations, they did not appreciably affect the CMAQ performance. On an urban scale, differences across the CMAQ simulations were large enough for the model to be considered sensitive, although no favorable PBL scheme was identified. It is suggested that domain-wide the lack of sensitivity of the MM5-CMAQ modeling system to the PBL schemes was mainly attributed to the parameterization of vertical eddy diffusivity in CMAQ and the four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) in MM5. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, CTR 1PM, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. RP Mao, Q (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, CTR 1PM, 1010 Reservat Rd, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. EM qmao@tva.gov RI Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2006 VL 40 IS 17 BP 3092 EP 3110 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.055 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 047UR UT WOS:000237904700007 ER PT J AU Layzer, JB Scott, EM AF Layzer, JB Scott, EM TI Restoration and colonization of freshwater mussels and fish in a southeastern United States tailwater SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE minimum flows; reaeration; dams; fish; mussels; recolonization; reintroduction ID UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER; REGULATED RIVERS; MICROHABITAT USE; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; ZEBRA MUSSEL; UNIONIDAE; MOLLUSCA; BIVALVIA; TENNESSEE; DECLINE AB The French Broad River originates in North Carolina, flows west into Tennessee and at its confluence with the Holston River forms the Tennessee River. Douglas Dam, located on the French Broad River 52 km above its mouth, is operated primarily for peaking hydroelectric power and flood control. Prior to completion of the dam in 1943, the lower French Broad River contained about 53 species of freshwater mussels and 100 species of fish. By 1977, the fauna in the 52-km-long tailwater was reduced to 12 species of mussels and 42 native species of fish. Improvements in tailwater conditions occurred following initiation of minimum flows in 1987, and consistent reaeration of discharge in 1993. From 1988 to 2002, we sampled three sites (4, 28, and 39 km downstream of the dam) to monitor the fish assemblage. Each year since 1988, we have collected one or more additional species, indicating continued immigration. We collected 82 native and 9 exotic species of fish overall, but the maximum of 67 species in I year suggests that some species reside in the tailwater at low densities or all immigrants may not successfully colonize the tailwater. There is limited potential for most extirpated species of mussels to naturally recolonize the tailwater because source populations are isolated. Consequently, 19 754 adult mussels of 19 species were introduced between 1997 and 2000. Survival of translocated mussels has been high, and successful reproduction of at least one translocated species has occurred. Additionally, four mussel species are naturally colonizing the tailwater. Colonization and recruitment of additional mussel species is expected as populations of their host fishes increase. We believe that the improved conditions of the tailwater may allow for the re-establishment of sustaining populations of 30 mussel species of historic occurrence, but the continued operation of Douglas Dam as a peaking hydroelectric project will reduce the probability of successfully reintroducing some species. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Layzer, JB (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, US Geol Survey, Tennessee Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM jim_layzer@tntech.edu NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAY PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 475 EP 491 DI 10.1002/rra.919 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 046DG UT WOS:000237791000006 ER PT J AU Helms, DF AF Helms, DF TI Equipment Deficiency Intolerance Index SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Helms, DF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD MAR-APR PY 2006 VL 24 IS 2 BP 46 EP 48 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 036BR UT WOS:000237046400024 ER PT B AU Ingram, MR Ehlers, R AF Ingram, M. R. Ehlers, R. GP IEEE TI Integrating IEC 61850 at TVA substations for protection, SCADA, and enterprise applications SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE SCADA systems; protocols; protection; communication; substations; automation AB TVA has begun planning and executing an effort to dramatically cut the cost of building, refurbishing, operating, and maintaining transmission substations, while profoundly advancing protection, control, monitoring, and automation capabilities. The 500kV/161kV Bradley Substation has been chosen for this initiative and initially involves integration of 34 IEDs from five manufacturers, selectively connected to redundant fiber communication networks within the substation. These will support SCADA, four or more distributed protection applications, condition monitoring for circuit breakers, transformer monitoring, and a publish/subscribe server that will make substation data and functionality available to multiple departments across the TVA enterprise. More IEDs are scheduled to follow in support of wide-area protection schemes. The paper highlights the objectives, plans, and implementation accomplished. Particular attention will be given to resolved and unresolved problem areas, so that the industry can benefit from their exposure and discussion of proposed remedies. C1 [Ingram, M. R.] Tenessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 38363 USA. [Ehlers, R.] Util Consulting Int, Cupertino, CA USA. RP Ingram, MR (reprint author), Tenessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 38363 USA. EM mringram@tva.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 405 EP + DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668527 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700086 ER PT B AU Kalsi, S Madura, D MacDonald, T Ingram, M Grant, I AF Kalsi, Swarn Madura, David MacDonald, Tim Ingram, Mike Grant, Ian GP IEEE TI Operating experience of a superconductor dynamic synchronous condenser SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE capacitor; dynamic synchronous condenser; FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System); reactive power; reactors (inductors); STATCOM (static shunt compensator); SuperVAR (R); SVC (Static VAR Compensator); VAR (volt-ampere reactive) AB High-temperature superconductor (HTS) dynamic synchronous condensers have a small footprint, are readily transportable, and are expected to be an economic option for providing peak and dynamic reactive compensation to a power system. HTS dynamic synchronous condensers are also inherently stable to close-in faults and can provide up to twice their nominal rating for about one minute (peak rating) during depressed voltage events. These machines also use less than half of the energy of conventional synchronous condensers because the HTS field windings operate at a constant cryogenic temperature. They are expected to be highly reliable. In October 2004, the first HTS dynamic synchronous condenser was installed on the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) grid serving an arc furnace where it is being exposed to a large number of transients, providing an excellent accelerated age test of the device. TVA has ordered five HTS dynamic synchronous condensers rated at 12 MVAR, and successful operation of the first prototype machine is expected to lead to release of these orders to production by TVA, making HTS dynamic synchronous condensers the first HTS commercial product for enhancing power grid reliability. C1 [Kalsi, Swarn; Madura, David; Grant, Ian] Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. [Ingram, Mike; Grant, Ian] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Kalsi, S (reprint author), Amer Supercond Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. EM skalsi@amsuper.com; mingram@tva.gov FU Tennessee Valley Authority; AMSC FX The authors acknowledge support of the Tennessee Valley Authority for the development of the HTS dynamic synchronous condenser. They also acknowledge the support of the AMSC SuperMachines TM Business Unit engineering and technical staff. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 899 EP + DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668617 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700176 ER PT B AU Lowe, D Waddell, R McGranaghan, M AF Lowe, D. Waddell, R. McGranaghan, M. GP IEEE TI Utility perspective on applying harmonic limits for customers SO 2005/2006 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY MAY 21-26, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PES DE power quality; harmonics; standards; power factor AB IEEE 519 is the standard most often referenced in utility limits for harmonic voltage distortion and limits for customer harmonic generation. However, there are often ambiguities in applying the standard and it is difficult to apply for small customers that can have an important impact on the overall system harmonic distortion levels. This summary paper describes some of the important issues that need to be addressed in the development of guidelines for distribution system harmonic levels and provides an example of applying the IEEE 519 harmonic limits for an industrial customer. C1 [Lowe, D.] TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. [Waddell, R.] Greeneville Light & Power, Greeneville, TN 37743 USA. [McGranaghan, M.] EPRI Solut, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Lowe, D (reprint author), TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM dclowe@tva.gov; rwaddell@glps.net; mmcgranaghan@eprisolutions.com NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7803-9193-2 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2006 BP 1152 EP + DI 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668666 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFS44 UT WOS:000244311700225 ER PT B AU Zhang, L Liu, YL Han, C Du, Z Huang, AQ Ingram, MR AF Zhang, Li Liu, Yilu Han, Chong Du, Zhong Huang, Alex Q. Ingram, Michael R. GP IEEE TI Mitigation of EAF induced problems SO 2006 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION. VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, PES DE electrical arc furnace; energy storage system; FACTS; modeling; PSS/E; power quality problem; cascade-multilevel converter; transient network analyzer (TNA) ID COMPENSATION AB Electrical Are Furnaces (EAF) are commonly employed in industry to produce molten steel by melting iron and scrap steel. EAF can be a source of power quality problems and a potential threat to nearby generators. In this paper, the power quality problems induced by a 40 MVA EAF located in the Tennessee power system solved by FACTS and Energy Storage System (ESS) technologies is studied. How EAF operation can affect a power system is analyzed by giving a detailed discussion about the function of X/R ratio. A Cascade-Multilevel Converter (CMC) based STATCOM with high bandwidth is proposed for EAF induced voltage fluctuation mitigation. Simulation and experimental results show that the FACTS and ESS technology can efficiently and rapidly solve the EAF induced power quality problems. C1 [Zhang, Li; Liu, Yilu] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Han, Chong; Du, Zhong; Huang, Alex Q.] NC State Univ, SPEC, Raleigh, NC USA. [Ingram, Michael R.] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Zhang, L (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM zhangli@vt.edu; yilu@vt.edu RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0177-2 PY 2006 BP 1448 EP + DI 10.1109/PSCE.2006.296514 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGH65 UT WOS:000247029803015 ER PT B AU Maitra, A Gaikwad, A Zhang, P Ingram, M Mercado, DL Woitt, WD AF Maitra, A. Gaikwad, A. Zhang, P. Ingram, M. Mercado, D. L. Woitt, W. D. GP IEEE TI Using system disturbance measurement data to develop improved load models SO 2006 IEEE/PES POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION. VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition CY OCT 29-NOV 01, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE, PES DE load modeling; identification techniques measurement; static models; dynamic models; stability; impedance current and power based static models (ZIP) ID VOLTAGE STABILITY AB Accurate load models are required to correctly understand the potential for voltage collapse and system oscillations following system disturbances. Transmission power flow limits are determined from studies of these conditions and the accuracy of the load models is critical. Electrical system steady state and dynamic response is currently available from a number of data sources, including power quality monitors, digital fault recorders (DFR), and phasor measurement units (PMU). This paper describes how these measurements can be used to develop models of the load behavior during and following disturbances. Applicability and usefulness of four possible load model structures are investigated. These four load model structures can be readily incorporated in a bulk system analysis tool. Parameter identification is the key for load modeling. A systematic approach that can be used for identifying and deriving appropriate parameters and composition percentages of the proposed load models directly from measurement data obtained during system disturbance is presented here. Example cases are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the methodology. C1 [Maitra, A.; Gaikwad, A.] EPRI Solut Inc, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Zhang, P.] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94520 USA. [Ingram, M.] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. [Mercado, D. L.; Woitt, W. D.] Ctr Point Energy, Houston, TX USA. RP Maitra, A (reprint author), EPRI Solut Inc, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM amaitra@eprisolutions.com; agaikwad@eprisolutions.com; pzhang@epri.com; mringram@tva.gov; david.mercado@CenterPointEnergy.com; westey.woitt@CenterPointEnergy.com FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI); Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); California ISO; Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) FX This work was supported by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), California ISO, and Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0177-2 PY 2006 BP 1978 EP + DI 10.1109/PSCE.2006.296230 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BGH65 UT WOS:000247029804035 ER PT S AU Han, C Huang, AQ Bhattacharya, S Ingram, M AF Han, Chong Huang, Alex Q. Bhattacharya, Subhashish Ingram, Mike GP IEEE TI Field Data-based Study on Electric Arc Furnace Flicker Mitigation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF); flicker mitigation; STATCOM ID MODEL AB As an industry customer of utility, electrical arc furnace (EAF), acting as a varying and reactive power sink, is the major flicker source to influence the grid power quality. In this paper, based on the field data recorded at the electric system surrounding EAF, the flicker issues and reactive power compensation requirement are quantitatively analyzed. The possible compensation solutions, including passive filter, SVC (static var compensator), STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) are discussed. Furthermore, a field data-based EAF model is proposed and implemented in the simulation software. The fast-bandwidth STATCOM solution with or without capacitor bank are designed and implemented. With the validated EAF and STATCOM model, the extensive simulations are conducted to study compensator performance and cost-effectiveness for EAF flicker mitigation. Finally, the guideline for compensator selection and performance estimation is obtained. C1 [Han, Chong; Huang, Alex Q.; Bhattacharya, Subhashish] North Carolina State Univ, SPEC, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ingram, Mike] TVA, Nashville, TN USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, SPEC, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chhan@ieee.org RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400020 ER PT S AU Han, C Chen, B Tewari, K Liu, W Huang, AQ Ingram, M Edris, AA Atcitty, S AF Han, Chong Chen, Bin Tewari, Karan Liu, Wei Huang, Alex Q. Ingram, Mike Edris, Abdel-Aty Atcitty, Stanley GP IEEE TI An ETO Thyristor and Modular H-bridge PWM Converter-based 4.5MVA STATCOM: 480V/500A Transformerless Grid-Connected Experimentation SO CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2006 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, FORTY-FIRST IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Industry-Applications-Society (IAS) CY OCT 08-12, 2006 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc DE Emitter turn-off thyristor (ETO); pulse width modulation (PWM); cascaded-multilevel converter (CMC); STATCOM; transformerless; energization AB Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), providing quick and robust voltage support, is an "enabling infrastructure technology" for the electric power system today. Based on the emerging emitter turn-off (ETO) thyristor and cascaded-multilevel converter (CMC) comprising modular H-bridge voltage source converters (VSCs), a 4.5MVA prototype STATCOM system is developed. In this paper, the 480V/500A transformerless grid-connected experimentation of the STATCOM prototype is presented. The system design with emphasis on the passive component selection and digital controller is described. An AC-side energization and de-energization method of the STATCOM is proposed and experimentally verified. The experimental results of steady-state and dynamic performance, as well as the DC bus voltage balancing, are shown. The system loss and cooling performance are given. Through such experimentation, the prospect of a state-of-the-art STATCOM system with high performance and low cost is demonstrated. C1 [Han, Chong; Chen, Bin; Tewari, Karan; Liu, Wei; Huang, Alex Q.] North Carolina Cent Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27707 USA. [Ingram, Mike] Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37912 USA. [Edris, Abdel-Aty] EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Kirtland AFB, NM 87123 USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), North Carolina Cent Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27707 USA. EM chhan@ieee.org RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Storage Program; Electric Power Research Institute; Tennessee Valley Authority FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energys Energy Storage Program, Electric Power Research Institute, and Tennessee Valley Authority. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-0364-6 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2006 BP 1039 EP 1044 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BWY63 UT WOS:000295333400150 ER PT J AU Luria, M Tanner, RL Valente, RJ Bairai, ST Koracin, D Gertler, AW AF Luria, M Tanner, RL Valente, RJ Bairai, ST Koracin, D Gertler, AW TI Local and transported pollution over San Diego, California SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE airborne pollution measurements; ozone; sulfur dioxide; carbon monoxide; nitrogen oxides; local sources; transported pollution ID POWER-PLANT PLUME; AIRCRAFT AB Ten air-quality samplings flights were performed over the San Diego metropolitan area during July 2003. One of the objectives of these flights was to assess the contribution of the offshore pollution sources (civilian and military vessels) to the air quality in the region. The flights, which took place during the mid-day hours in the lower levels of the boundary layer, originated offshore and proceeded eastwards through a series of concentric arcs covering an area of approximately 600 km(2). The data from the continuous gas analyzers were translated to image plots that enabled the determination of the impact of the various sources on air quality. The results revealed that the offshore sources could often be detected (at least during five of the 10 flights) from their SO2 plume. However, the area covered by these plumes and the concentrations were significantly lower than those measured over other parts of the domain due to sources south of the region. It was further observed that vehicular traffic contributed in a major source way to the formation of ozone. During most flights the pollution cloud, originating over the high traffic area in the vicinity of the downtown area, could be tracked 'downwind' until the completion of the photochemical processing. By then, most of the NOx had been converted to NOz, and peak O-3 levels caused by the local emissions had started to ebb. Also, during most flights boundary layer peak levels of O-3 exceeded 100 ppbv, and in one case were above 140 ppbv. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Applicat Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Gertler, AW (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM alang@dri.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 39 IS 36 BP 6765 EP 6776 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.051 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 983JA UT WOS:000233226300005 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF AF Mueller, SF TI Ambient sulfate trends and the influence of meteorology SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; UNITED-STATES; PARTICLE MASS; AIR-POLLUTION; MODELS; SITES AB Data on atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate were examined to quantify changes since 1989. Changes in sulfur species were adjusted to account for meteorological variability. Adjustments were made using meteorological variables expressed in terms of their principal components that were used as predictors in statistical models. Several models were tested. A generalized additive model (GAM)-based in part on nonparametric, locally smoothed predictor functions-computed the greatest association between sulfate and the meteorological predictors. Sulfate trends estimated after a GAM-based adjustment for weather-related influences were found to be primarily downward across the eastern United States by as much as 6.7% per year (average of -2.6% per year), but large spatial variability was noted. The most conspicuous characteristic in the trends was over portions of the Appalachian Mountains where very small (average = -1.6% per year) and often insignificant sulfate changes were found. The Appalachian region also experienced a tendency, after removing meteorological influences, for increases in the ratio R-S of sulfate sulfur to total sulfur. Before 1991, this ratio averaged 0.33 across all sites. Appalachian increases in RS were equivalent to 0.07 during 1989-2001 (significant for most sites at the 0.05 level), or nearly 2 times the average change at the other sites. This suggests that conditions over the Appalachians became notably more efficient at oxidizing SO2 into sulfate. Alternatively, subtle changes in local deposition patterns occurred, preferentially in and near mountainous monitoring sites, that changed the SO2-sulfate balance. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfmueller@tva.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2005 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1745 EP 1760 DI 10.1175/JAM2307.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 993YC UT WOS:000233994100008 ER PT J AU Thomas, RJ Whitehead, JT Outhred, H Mount, TD AF Thomas, RJ Whitehead, JT Outhred, H Mount, TD TI Transmission system planning-the old world meets the new SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE planning; transmission system AB Transmission systems in the United States and around the world have become more difficult to plan under deregulation. Uncertainties in generation type, location, and pricing coupled with market mechanisms that encourage transfers not designed for in the legacy transmission system have made the transmission planner's life difficult. This paper describes the planning process under regulation, some of the issues encountered during the present transition to a deregulated industry, and some of the open questions that need to be addressed in the United States. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. Univ New S Wales, Ctr Energy & Environm Markets, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Cornell Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Management, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Whitehead, JT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rjt1@cornell.edu; jtwhitehead@tva.gov; h.outhred@unsw.edu.au; tdm2@cornell.edu NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD NOV PY 2005 VL 93 IS 11 BP 2026 EP 2035 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2005.857489 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 976IY UT WOS:000232728100012 ER PT J AU Adams, C Steinmetz, J AF Adams, C Steinmetz, J TI Reliable plant power - Using smart connections SO IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 EE Partners Ltd, Midland, TX USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Ringgold, GA USA. RP Adams, C (reprint author), EE Partners Ltd, Midland, TX USA. EM cjadams@ee-partners.com NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-2618 J9 IEEE IND APPL MAG JI IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag. PD SEP-OCT PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 12 EP 21 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 956XS UT WOS:000231334000003 ER PT J AU Olszyna, KJ Bairai, ST Tanner, RL AF Olszyna, KJ Bairai, ST Tanner, RL TI Effect of ambient NH3 levels on PM2.5 composition in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ammonia; NH4NO3; PM2.5 sulfate aerosol; acid sulfate aerosol; neutralization ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; VISIBILITY IMPAIRMENT; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; FINE PARTICLES; NITRIC-ACID; AEROSOLS; EQUILIBRIUM; TEMPERATURE AB Continuous measurements were made of gaseous NH3, gaseous HNO3, PM2.5 sulfate, aerosol mass, air temperature, and relative humidity (RH), and 24-h filter samples of PM2.5 aerosols were analyzed to determine the effects of ambient NH3 levels on PM2.5 aerosol composition. These measurements were conducted from 2 to 15 August 2002, at Look Rock, TN, at an air monitoring station located on a mountain ridge (elevation similar to 800 m MSL) on the southwestern edge of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. A strong diurnal pattern was observed for gaseous NH3 levels at this site with higher daytime and much lower NH3 during the night hours. The diurnal variability of both gaseous NH3 concentrations and RH suggests that conditions controlling aerosol nitrate formation and acidic aerosol neutralization are complex. The observations during this 2-week long sampling period showed that measurable NH4NO3 aerosol was not present under the ambient conditions encountered. However, modest perturbations from observed ambient conditions could have enabled NH4NO3 aerosol production. The extent of neutralization of sulfate aerosol collected on filters indicates that there was insufficient regional NH3 to neutralize the acidic sulfate aerosols to the degree predicted from local NH3 and RH conditions. Incomplete neutralization of acidic sulfate could also result if neutralization proceeds more slowly under field conditions compared to laboratory conditions or model predictions. Continuous measurements of aerosol ammonium and/or acidity are needed to determine if ammonia availability or kinetic limitations (or both) restrict neutralization of acidic sulfate aerosols, a key factor for modeling and exposure studies. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Olszyna, KJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 25 BP 4593 EP 4606 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.011 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 958XQ UT WOS:000231481900016 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Bairai, ST Olszyna, KJ Valente, ML Valente, RJ AF Tanner, RL Bairai, ST Olszyna, KJ Valente, ML Valente, RJ TI Diurnal patterns in PM2.5 mass and composition at a background, complex terrain site SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE diurnal variability; trace gases; continuous aerosol sampling; fine particle composition; background complex-terrain sites ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; AETHALOMETER; TROPOSPHERE; PARTICLES; SULFATE; MODEL AB Current fine particle NAAQS specify 24 h integrated mass measurements as the compliance metric. However, the value of continuous short-time resolution sampling (I h or less) is recognized and being included in US EPA-monitoring strategies. An extensive body of fine mass concentration data has been acquired using continuous PM2.5 monitoring by TEOM at Look Rock, TN, augmented by trace gas measurements and, during enhanced monitoring periods, continuous sampling for aerosol sulfate (2 methods) and elemental (black) carbon. Continuous data are compared to the 24 h-averaged values of mass and composition from integrated samplers at the site, and for fine mass and sulfate are found to be excellent (r(2) = 0.97-0.99). We then report the diurnal variations in concentrations from extensive continuous monitoring during 3 summer periods (2000-2002) and for more limited periods throughout calendar year 2001. Levels of the several continuously measured gases and particulate constituents vary in magnitude diurnally according to expected patterns based on their emissions, their formation and loss processes, their lifetimes toward wet and dry deposition, the dynamics of up-slope-down-slope circulation, and solar-driven boundary layer growth and decay. Thus, concentrations of short-lifetime gases have minima at sunrise and maxima in the evening. Long-lived primary species (CO and black carbon) increase in mid-morning as the boundary layer height reaches the site and decay thereafter. Long-lived secondary species (sulfate and fine mass) show little diurnal variability. Factors controlling the observed diurnal variability thus significantly influence the extent and timing of human exposure to pollutant species, as well as affecting visibility impairment in complex terrain environments near the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Technol Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 39 IS 21 BP 3865 EP 3875 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.014 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 948CZ UT WOS:000230694900009 ER PT J AU Radman, G Shultz, J AF Radman, G Shultz, J TI A new derivation for newton-based optimal power flow solution SO ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Newton's method; optimal power flow; and optimization techniques ID PHASE-SHIFTER AB A new and comprehensive derivation for the solution of the Newton-based OPF-problem is presented. Unlike the derivations available in other literature, the method presented here takes full advantage of the relations between the elements of the Hessian and Jacobian matrices. This reduces the number of arithmetic operations (such as multiplication and addition) for the calculation of the elements of the Hessian matrix, thus resulting in the reduction of the computation time. The OPF-solution is developed in two stages. In the first stage, the basic OPF-problem with no inequality constraints is solved. In the second stage, the inequality constraints on voltages and active/reactive powers of generators are included. The OPF-solution is evaluated using the nine-bus power system from Cornell University A comparison between the OPF-solution presented here and the Cornell University solution is used to validate the presented method of solution. C1 Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Shultz, J (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 1101 Market St,MR 5G, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. EM jwshultz21@tntech.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-5008 J9 ELECTR POW COMPO SYS JI Electr. Power Compon. Syst. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 6 BP 673 EP 684 DI 10.1080/15325000590885577 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 924CB UT WOS:000228955200007 ER PT J AU Kalsi, SS Madura, D Ingram, M AF Kalsi, SS Madura, D Ingram, M TI Superconductor synchronous condenser for reactive power support in an electric grid SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE capacitor; D-VAR; FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System); reactive power; reactors (inductors); STATCOM (Static Shunt Compensator); SuperVAR; SVC (Static VAR Compensator); VAR (Volt-Ampere-reactive) AB High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) SuperVAR dynamic synchronous condensers (DSC) developed by American Superconductor have a small foot print, are readily transportable, and are expected to be an economic option for providing peak and dynamic reactive compensation to a power system. HTS DSC machines are also inherently stable to close in faults and can provide up to twice their nominal rating for about one minute (peak rating) during depressed voltage events. Last, but not least, HTS DSC machines use less than half of the energy of a conventional synchronous condenser and about the same amount of energy as a modern Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device consumes. It is expected to be highly reliable. The first HTS DSC machine is being operated at an arc furnace where it is being tested for its ability to mitigate flicker and provide dynamic power factor compensation. This location also exposes the machine to a large number of transients providing an excellent accelerated age test of the device. This paper describes features and test results of the HTS DSC. C1 Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Kalsi, SS (reprint author), Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. EM skalsi@amsuper.com; dmadura@amsuper.com; mringram@tva.gov NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 2146 EP 2149 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849481 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700260 ER PT J AU Doan, D Gregory, GD Kemp, HO McClung, B Saporita, V Wellman, CM AF Doan, D Gregory, GD Kemp, HO McClung, B Saporita, V Wellman, CM TI How to hamper hazards SO IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY C1 DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. Square D Co, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. Elect Safety Consulting Serv, Charleston, WV USA. Cooper Bussmann, St Louis, MO USA. RP Doan, D (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. EM c.m.wellman@ieee.org NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-2618 J9 IEEE IND APPL MAG JI IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1109/MIA.2005.1423900 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 918RX UT WOS:000228566400006 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Mays, PA AF Kelly, JM Mays, PA TI Soil carbon changes after 26 years in a Cumberland Plateau hardwood forest SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURNOVER; NUTRIENT AB Concerns about global warming and discussions of possible mitigation measures have generated a need for information on changes in soil C over time. The objective of this study was to determine if there was a change in soil C concentration in an aggrading oak forest over a 26-yr interval. Using permanently identified points on the Camp Branch Experimental Watershed, soil samples were first collected in July of 1976 and archived. During July of 2002, 11 points covering 6 of the 18 soil series present on the watershed were resampled. The series chosen represent a range in topographic positions and forest cover types. In both 1.976 and 2002, a bucket auger was used to collect samples at depth intervals of 0 to 10, 10 to 30, and 30 to 50 cm. Both sample sets were analyzed in 2002 using a loss on combustion technique to determine organic C concentration. A bootstrapping data analysis indicated an increase (95% confidence interval) in the concentration of C in the 0- to 10-cm depth. No change in C concentration occurred in the 10- to 30- or 30- to 50-cm samples. Average soil C concentration in the 0- to 10-cm samples increased from a mean of 20.8 g kg(-1)in 1976 to 35.9 g kg(-1) in 2002. Among soil series, concentrations ranged from 9.5 to 28.9 g kg(-1) in 1976 and 22.1 to 64.7 g kg(-1) in 2002. Although the sample numbers are limited, results indicate that average soil C concentration in the top 10 cm of the mineral soil increased by 73% at this site over a 26-yr interval. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Kelly, JM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, 324 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jmkelly@vt.edu NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 69 IS 3 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.2136/sssaj2004.0241 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 924VV UT WOS:000229009800015 ER PT J AU Lo, CM Zhang, Q Lee, P Ju, LK AF Lo, CM Zhang, Q Lee, P Ju, LK TI Cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei using sawdust hydrolysate SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 09-12, 2004 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US DOE Off Biomass Program, Abengoa Bioenergy Corp, Archer Daniels Midland, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Genencor Int Inc, Iogen Corp, Katzen Int Inc, Nat Resources Canada, Novozymes A/S, Purevis Technol Inc, Syngenta, Tate & Lyle PLC, Tembec Inc, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Verdia Inc DE acid hydrolysis; cellulase; induction; inhibition; Trichoderma reesei ID INSOLUBLE CELLULOSE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; D-XYLOSE; FERMENTATION; SOPHOROSE; DETOXIFICATION; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; MIXTURES; ETHANOL AB Sawdust hydrolysates were investigated for their ability to support cell growth and cellulase production, and for potential inhibition of Trichoderma reesei Rut C30. Simultaneous fermentations were conducted to compare the hydrolysate-based media with the controls having equivalent concentrations of glucose and Avicel cellulose. Six hydrolysates differing in the boiling durations in the hydrolysis procedure were evaluated. The hydrolysates were found to support cell growth and induce active cellulase synthesis. The maximum specific cellulase production rate was 0.046 filter paper units (FPU)/(g of cells (.) h) in the hydrolysate-based systems, much higher than that (0.017 FPU/[g of cells (.) h]) in the controls. C1 Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Ju, LK (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Chem Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM LukeJu@UAkron.edu RI Ju, Lu-Kwang/M-2466-2014 OI Ju, Lu-Kwang/0000-0002-2339-6891 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 121 BP 561 EP 573 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 938BP UT WOS:000229975200049 PM 15920263 ER PT S AU Dager, CA Bray, LG Murphree, CM Leibrock, CA AF Dager, CA Bray, LG Murphree, CM Leibrock, CA GP TRB TI Elasticity of demand for barged corn shipments an the Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway SO INLAD WATERWAYS; PORTS AND CHANNELS; AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP US Dept Transportat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US Fed Transit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res & Innovat Technol Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Transportat Res Board, Transportat Dept 50 States, Puerto Rico & District Columbia AB Qualitative evidence is presented to contend that the predominant response of waterway grain shippers on the Upper Mississippi River-Illinois Waterway to increases in barge shipping costs is most likely to be modal shift. Even so, modal shift faces serious constraints, moderating its ability to substitute for barges as waterway shipping costs rise. In addition, empirically derived estimates of demand price elasticities for barge transport are offered on four reaches of the river system. The elasticities are moderately inelastic, ranging from -0.7 to -0.3. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Dager, CA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 400 W Summit Hill Dr, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09382-1 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2005 IS 1909 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BDP21 UT WOS:000234682400001 ER PT S AU Carmichael, LS Ghani, N Rajan, PK O'Donoghue, K Hott, R AF Carmichael, LS Ghani, N Rajan, PK O'Donoghue, K Hott, R GP IEEE TI Characterization and comparison of modern layer-2 ethernet survivability protocols SO Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Southeastern Symposium on System Theory SE PROCEEDINGS - SOUTHEASTERN SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEM THEORY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST05) CY MAR 20-22, 2005 CL Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL SP IEEE HO Tuskegee Univ DE survivability; fault tolerance; RSTP; STP; spanning tree; layer-2; Ethernet AB Ensuring the survivability and recoverability of computer networks under fault conditions requires the selection and testing of the appropriate protocols that handle failure events. While testing using the actual networking equipment is the most accurate, it is not always feasible due to cost and time constraints. Instead, simulation can be used; however, results may not always represent actual network behaviors. This study first looks at selected Layer-2 Ethernet protocols available for increasing the survivability of a network, i.e., Spanning Tree Protocol and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. These protocols are tested on two small live networks and then via simulation. After the simulations are validated by these tests, the protocol's performance is then characterized for larger topologies. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Carmichael, LS (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0094-2898 BN 0-7803-8808-9 J9 SOUTHEAST SYMP SYSTE PY 2005 BP 124 EP 129 DI 10.1109/SSST.2005.1460890 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BCB29 UT WOS:000228486100025 ER PT J AU Shute, JR Rakes, PL Shute, PW AF Shute, JR Rakes, PL Shute, PW TI Reintroduction of four imperiled fishes in Abrams Creek, Tennessee SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ETHEOSTOMA CATONOTUS SP; FRESH-WATER FISHES; ENDANGERED FISHES; DUSKYTAIL DARTER; UNITED-STATES; RIVER AB This project's goal was to restore populations of four rare fishes into Abrams Creek, Blount County, TN. These species, all on the US Endangered and Threatened Wildlife List, include two catfishes, the smoky madtom (Noturus bailey) and the yellowfin madtom (N.flavipinnis), the duskytail darter (Etheostoma percnurum) and the spotfin chub (Erimonax monachus). Captive propagation, reintroduction, and non-invasive monitoring techniques were used for this restoration effort, which began in 1986. By 2000, there was evidence of reproduction for all four species. As of 2003, the number of these species stocked in Abrams Creek was 3167 smoky madtoms, 1574 yellowfin madtoms, 3430 duskytail darters, and 11,367 spotfin chubs. Increasing population sizes were indicated for three of the four fishes, and smoky madtom and duskytail darter abundances were nearly comparable to native populations in Citico Creek, Monroe County, TN. C1 Conservat Fisheries Inc, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Reg Nat Heritage Project, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. RP Shute, PW (reprint author), Conservat Fisheries Inc, 3424 Div St, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM pwshute@tva.gov NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 15 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2005 VL 4 IS 1 BP 93 EP 110 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2005)004[0093:ROFIFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 917UV UT WOS:000228495600008 ER PT J AU Webster, KL Creed, IF Nicholas, NS Van Miegroet, H AF Webster, KL Creed, IF Nicholas, NS Van Miegroet, H TI Exploring interactions between pollutant emissions and climatic variability in growth of red spruce in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE climate change; dendrology; elevation gradient; Great Smoky Mountains; growth decline; nitric oxides; red spruce; sulfur dioxide; tree rings ID WOOLLY ADELGID INFESTATION; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; CALCIUM DEFICIENCY; TREE RINGS; FRASER FIR; FORESTS; DECLINE; PATTERNS; RESPIRATION; INDICATORS AB Concern exists as to the status of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in the Great Smoky Mountains, with evidence both for and against an unprecedented decline in radial growth during the past century. On the basis of a dendrological record from 1850 to 1998, our analyses support a decline in radial growth starting as early as the 1940s through to the 1970s; in the 1970s there was a reversal of this decline. In comparing trees near ridges ( 2000 m) with those in draws ( 1500 m), we found differences in the ( a) timing of the decline, (b) rate of decline, and ( c) homogeneity of the decline, with trees near ridges showing earlier, faster, and more homogeneous declines than trees in draws. We hypothesized that changes in climatic conditions and/or atmospheric pollutants, both of which changed beyond ranges of natural variability, were related to the observed decline in radial growth. In trees near ridges, up to 67.1% of changes in radial growth could be explained by a combination of climatic conditions (7.6%) and annual emissions of nitric oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) (an additional 59.5%). In trees from draws, up to 38.3% of the changes in radial growth could be explained by climatic conditions only. A conceptual model is presented, where trees in naturally acidic soils with low base saturation provide a sensitive signal for the changing nature of acidic pollutants, but trees in anthropogenically acidifying soils with an initially higher baser saturation provide a signal that is confounded by a transient increase of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the soil that results in a transient increase in radial growth. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada. Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept forest Range & Wildlife Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Creed, IF (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM icreed@uwo.ca RI Van Miegroet, Helga/A-1925-2012; Creed, Irena/L-8810-2013 OI Creed, Irena/0000-0001-8199-1472 NR 53 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 2004 VL 159 IS 1-4 BP 225 EP 248 DI 10.1023/B:WATE.0000049179.26009.7f PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 873SF UT WOS:000225300500016 ER PT J AU Sherraden-Chance, SA Edds, DR AF Sherraden-Chance, SA Edds, DR TI Mussel assemblages in a developing oxbow and a newly-cut channel of the Neosho River, Kansas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; MICROHABITAT USE; BIVALVIA; UNIONIDAE; STREAMS; CONSERVATION; MISSISSIPPI; GRADIENT; MICHIGAN; FAUNA AB We compared freshwater mussel assemblages (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a developing oxbow (old channel) and a newly-cut (new) channel of the Neosho River, Kansas, during 2001. We sampled mussels at approximately 1.5 km intervals, totaling 19 sites in the old channel and seven in the new, by groping substrate front bank to bank in a zigzag fashion along a 100 m reach. We found 1239 live individuals of 20 mussel species in the old channel and 20 live individuals of six species in the new channel. Mussel abundance, diversity and Current species richness were greater in the old channel than in the new. Abundance, diversity and historic and current species richness all declined significantly from upstream to downstream in the old channel. Historic richness was greater than Current richness in the old channel, but both decreased from upstream to downstream at the same rate. The loss of historic species from the old channel was no different from that in the rest of the Neosho River in Kansas; however, a further decrease in lotic species will likely occur as the channel continues to evolve into an oxbow lake. Canonical correspondence analysis illustrated a Substrate compaction, Substrate composition and depth gradient in the old channel, with three species in flowing waters with sand and gravel Substrate and all other species in still waters with silt substrate. Information regarding habitat use by freshwater mussels is important in designing surveys and recovery plans for rare species (Strayer, 1993). C1 Emporia State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Emporia, KS 66801 USA. RP Sherraden-Chance, SA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 400 W Summit Hill Dr, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. EM sachance@tva.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD OCT PY 2004 VL 152 IS 2 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0347:MAIADO]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 861FW UT WOS:000224402500013 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Bailey, EM Kelsoe, JJ AF Mueller, SF Bailey, EM Kelsoe, JJ TI Response to comment on "Geographic sensitivity of fine particle mass to emissions of SO2 and NOx" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 18 BP 4911 EP 4911 DI 10.1021/es0404724 PG 1 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 854XZ UT WOS:000223938500035 ER PT J AU Polcyn, J AF Polcyn, J TI Exciting times for the nuclear industry SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD JUL-AUG PY 2004 VL 22 IS 4 BP 36 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 984CL UT WOS:000233280000016 ER PT J AU Barket, DJ Grossenbacher, JW Hurst, JM Shepson, PB Olszyna, K Thornberry, T Carroll, MA Roberts, J Stroud, C Bottenheim, J Biesenthal, T AF Barket, DJ Grossenbacher, JW Hurst, JM Shepson, PB Olszyna, K Thornberry, T Carroll, MA Roberts, J Stroud, C Bottenheim, J Biesenthal, T TI A study of the NOx dependence of isoprene oxidation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE isoprene nitrates; nitrogen oxides; isoprene ID OH PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; TROPOSPHERIC OH; OZONE PRODUCTION; PEROXY-RADICALS; SOUTHERN-OXIDANTS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PHOTOSTATIONARY STATE; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; INITIATED OXIDATION; RURAL SITE AB A large set of isoprene and isoprene oxidation product concentration data from four North American sites was examined to assess the NOx dependence of the daytime oxidation of isoprene. Sites that represent a wide range of NOx (50 ppt to 30 ppb) were studied and include the Dickson, Tennessee, and Cornelia Fort Air Park sites during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study, the Pellston, Michigan, site during the 1998 PROPHET summer intensive, and the Kejimkujik National Park site during the Atlantic 1996 study. Knowledge of NOx and HOx concentrations were critical for this evaluation. While NOx data are readily available at all sites, HOx data are limited. We employed a simple 10-reaction HOx model to calculate steady state OH radical concentrations as a function of [NOx] to enable analysis of the data from all sites. Here, we use methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) concentrations to quantify the extent of isoprene-OH oxidation. Making use of the MVK/isoprene ratio, we show that the rate of production of isoprene oxidation products at various North American sites, although highly variable, exhibits the crossover from NOx-dependent to VOC-dependent conditions at similar to8 ppb [NOx], in agreement with what is calculated from HOx measurements and our calculations. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. SCIEX Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada. RP Griffin Analyt Technol Inc, 3000 Kent Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM barket@griffinanalytical.com; grossenbacher@griffinanalytical.com; juliabowman420@hotmail.com; pshepson@purdue.edu; kjolszyna@tva.gov; tthornbe@chem.utoronto.ca; mcarroll@umich.edu; james.m.roberts@noaa.gov; cstroud@acd.ucar.edu; jan.bottenheim@ec.gc.ca; thomas.biesenthal@nrc.ca RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; NR 59 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D11 AR D11310 DI 10.1029/2003JD003965 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 833GS UT WOS:000222325600001 ER PT J AU Grossenbacher, JW Barket, DJ Shepson, PB Carroll, MA Olszyna, K Apel, E AF Grossenbacher, JW Barket, DJ Shepson, PB Carroll, MA Olszyna, K Apel, E TI A comparison of isoprene nitrate concentrations at two forest-impacted sites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE isoprene nitrates; nitrogen oxides; isoprene ID REACTIVE NITROGEN; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ALKYL NITRATES; DEPOSITION; CHEMISTRY; OH; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERE; INTENSIVE/ AB We report measurements of isoprene nitrates as part of the Southern Oxidants Study during the summer of 1999 at a rural/forest site in Tennessee. Average midday concentrations of the isoprene nitrates were similar to115 ppt. This is similar to10 times greater than the previously reported concentrations during the Program for Research on Oxidants: Photochemistry, Emissions, and Transport (PROPHET) study in 1998 at Pellston, Michigan, representing as much as 5% of NOy. Here we investigate the possible factors for the large difference in concentrations. To investigate the role of the NOx concentration on the isoprene nitrate production chemistry at the two sites, [OH] was calculated using a simple steady state model. The results of this calculation help explain the difference in magnitude of the isoprene nitrate concentrations between the two field sites in terms of the [NOx]-dependent behavior of the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene and the subsequent isoprene peroxy radical reactions with NOx. However, it is also clear that the large apparent differences in the photochemical ages of the air masses sampled at the two sites significantly impacted the observed concentrations. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80020 USA. RP Grossenbacher, JW (reprint author), Griffin Analyt Technol Inc, 3000 Kent Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM grossenbacher@griffinanalytical.com; barket@griffinanalytical.com; pshepson@chem.purdue.edu; mcarroll@umich.edu; kjolszyna@tva.gov; apel@acd.ucar.edu RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 15 PY 2004 VL 109 IS D11 AR D11311 DI 10.1029/2003JD003966 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 833GS UT WOS:000222325600002 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ Valente, ML Phillips, WD AF Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ Valente, ML Phillips, WD TI Regional composition of PM2.5 aerosols measured at urban, rural and "background" sites in the Tennessee valley SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol chemical composition; organic aerosols; seasonal trends; collocated FRM samplers ID VISIBILITY; AIR AB Aerosol composition data, simultaneously collected from collocated samplers at an urban, a rural and a background site in the Tennessee Valley, have been compared for all seasons in 2001. Consistent with previous data, organic aerosols and sulfates are the two largest contributors to fine mass throughout the year at all three sites. Levels of major constituents were not significantly different at the rural and background sites during any season, but levels of organic and elemental carbon were higher at the urban site during fall and winter periods. Seasonal trends at all sites showed maxima in summer for sulfate and significant nitrate levels only in winter, but no significant seasonal trend was observed for organic aerosol mass at any site. Year-to-year variability in aerosol composition at the background site is small compared to day-to-day variability within seasons. The appropriate factor for converting organic carbon to organic mass (conventionally *1.4), used in calculating aerosol chemical composition, may vary with season-larger in warm seasons, smaller in cool seasons. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, POB 1010,CEB 2A, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 38 IS 20 BP 3143 EP 3153 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.023 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 826ON UT WOS:000221838500004 ER PT J AU Tankersley, RD AF Tankersley, RD TI Migration of birds as an indicator of broad-scale environmental condition SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Regional Vulnerability and Assessment - Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment Program (reVA-MAIA) CY MAY 13-15, 2003 CL King of Prussia, PA SP US EPA DE Neotropical migrants; stopover; geography; habitat quality; migratory flight ID STOPOVER SITE; FOREST BIRDS; PATTERNS; AVAILABILITY; ABUNDANCE; ECOLOGY; HABITAT AB The migration of Neotropical birds may provide a robust measure of changing environmental condition along the migratory route. I review previous work on assessing broad-scale stopover quality in the eastern United States and discuss how future research can aid regional environmental assessment. Scientists can quantify how environmental changes affect the migratory system, and then monitor for those effects on migrant abundance from year to year. The cyclical nature of migration provides a constant re-evaluation of habitat quality and spatial distribution by migrant birds. Avian monitoring programs can detect changes in migrant abundance. Migrating birds may thus provide a living sensor of environmental change, enabling broad-scale environmental assessments to detect and address habitat degradation early on, allowing local managers to prioritize restoration efforts accordingly. Understanding the environmental factors driving stopover selection, and how birds move between stopovers during migration, is an important first step. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Tankersley, RD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, POB 1649, Norris, TN 37828 USA. EM rdtankersley@tva.gov NR 43 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUN PY 2004 VL 94 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 67 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 775UE UT WOS:000189078400005 PM 15141446 ER PT J AU Cupp, EW Tennessen, KJ Oldland, WK Hassan, HK Hill, GE Katholi, CR Unnasch, TR AF Cupp, EW Tennessen, KJ Oldland, WK Hassan, HK Hill, GE Katholi, CR Unnasch, TR TI Mosquito and arbovirus activity during 1997-2002 in a wetland in northeastern Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Saint Louis encephalitis; eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus; Culex erraticus; Culiseta melanura; blood meal identification ID EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; HOST-FEEDING PATTERNS; NORTH-CAROLINA; VECTOR POPULATIONS; VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION AB The species composition and population dynamics of adult mosquitoes in a wetland near Iuka, MS, were analyzed over a 6-yr period (1997-2002) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection rates of arboviruses determined during five of those years. Blood meals of three likely vector species were identified using a PCR-based method that allows identification of the host to species. Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab) composed 51.9% of the population during the 6-yr period with 295 females collected per trap night. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (FEE) virus was detected in six genera of mosquitoes [Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker), Culex restuans Theobald, Culex salinarius Coquillett, Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab), Anopheles crucians Wiedemann, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, Aedes vexans (Meigen), Ochlerotatus triseriatus Say, and Psorophora ferox Humboldt) with positive pools occurring in 1998, 1999, and 2002. Culiseta melanura Coquillett occurred at a low level (<1%) and was not infected. Saint Louis encephalitis virus was detected once in a single pool of Cx. erraticus in 1998. Neither West Nile virus nor LaCrosse virus was found. Minimum infection rates per 1000 females tested of competent vectors of FEE virus were variable and ranged from 0.14 for Cx. erraticus to 40.0 for Oc. triseriatus. Thirty-nine species of birds were identified in the focus with blood-engorged mosquitoes found to contain meals (n = 29) from eight avian species. The majority of meals was from the great blue heron, Ardea herodias L. (n = 55%), but when bird abundance data were adjusted for avian mass, the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater (Boddaert); blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata (L.); and northern mockingbird, Minus polyglottos (L.), were overrepresented as hosts. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Auburn Univ, Div Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Cupp, EW (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM ecupp@acesag.auburn.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049724, R01 AI049724-04, R01-AI-49724] NR 35 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2004 VL 41 IS 3 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.495 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 820SI UT WOS:000221409200033 PM 15185956 ER PT J AU Creed, IF Morrison, DL Nicholas, NS AF Creed, IF Morrison, DL Nicholas, NS TI Is coarse woody debris a net sink or source of nitrogen in the red spruce - Fraser fir forest of the southern Appalachians, USA? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN WASHINGTON; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; DOUGLAS-FIR; DECOMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; LITTER; SATURATION AB The red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) - Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) forest of the southern Appalachians contains a significant amount of coarse woody debris (CWD) that may affect the nitrogen (N) export signal in streams originating from this N-saturated system. Interpretation of the N sink versus source status of CWD of red spruce and Fraser fir was dependent on the method used. Over a chronosequence of decay, (1) N concentrations suggested a N sink (i.e., a net gain of N of 923% in red spruce and 563% in Fraser fir relative to N in live trees); (2) N contents that reflected changes in density suggested a smaller N sink (i.e., a net gain of N of 218% in red spruce and 125% in Fraser fir relative to N in live trees), but the stoichiometry of N and C suggested a N source in early stages of decay and a N source in the most advanced stage of decay only; and (3) N contents that reflected changes in volume suggested a N source (i.e., a net N loss of -172% in red spruce and -122% in Fraser fir). The C/N ratios in CWD suggested that the shift from a N source to a N sink represented a shift from the mobilization of dissolved organic N to the immobilization of ammonium N and (or) nitrate N. The magnitude of the net change in N contents in both red spruce and Fraser fir was amongst the highest reported in literature, suggesting that CWD plays a particularly important role in N dynamics in N saturated forests. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Creed, IF (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. EM icreed@uwo.ca RI Creed, Irena/L-8810-2013 OI Creed, Irena/0000-0001-8199-1472 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 34 IS 3 BP 716 EP 727 DI 10.1139/X03-211 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 810MZ UT WOS:000220709700021 ER PT J AU Lee, K Parkhurst, WJ Xue, JP Ozkaynak, AH Neuberg, D Spengler, JD AF Lee, K Parkhurst, WJ Xue, JP Ozkaynak, AH Neuberg, D Spengler, JD TI Outdoor/indoor/personal ozone exposures of children in Nashville, Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE SAMPLER; LUNG-FUNCTION; AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT OZONE; RESPIRATORY-FUNCTION; EXERCISING CHILDREN; UCLA POPULATION; EMERGENCY; COHORT; ASTHMA AB An ozone (O-3) exposure study was conducted in Nashville, TN, using passive O-3 samplers to measure six weekly outdoor, indoor, and personal O-3 exposure estimates for a group of 10- to 12-yr-old elementary school children. Thirty-six children from two Nashville area communities (Inglewood and Hendersonville) participated in the O-3 sampling program, and 99 children provided additional time-activity information by telephone interview. By design, this study coincided with the 1994 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study conducted by the Southern Oxidants Study, which provided enhanced continuous ambient O-3 monitoring across the Nashville area. Passive sampling estimated weekly average outdoor O-3 concentrations from 0.011 to 0.030 ppm in the urban Inglewood community and from 0.015 to 0.042 ppm in suburban Hendersonville. The maximum 1- and 8-hr ambient concentrations encountered at the Hendersonville continuous monitor exceeded the levels of the 1- and 8-hr metrics for the O-3 National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Weekly average personal O-3 exposures ranged from 0.0013 to 0.0064 ppm (7-31% of outdoor levels). Personal O-3 exposures reflected the proportional amount of time spent in indoor and outdoor environments. Air-conditioned homes displayed very low indoor O-3 concentrations, and homes using open windows and fans for ventilation displayed much higher concentrations. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, 1 Shields Ave,TB 168, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lee@ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAR PY 2004 VL 54 IS 3 BP 352 EP 359 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 800LR UT WOS:000220030300009 PM 15061616 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Bailey, EM Kelsoe, JJ AF Mueller, SF Bailey, EM Kelsoe, JJ TI Geographic sensitivity of fine particle mass to emissions of SO2 and NOx SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; MODELING SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; OZONE; URBAN AB An air quality model, URM-1ATM, was used to investigate tendencies in fine particle (PM2.5) species in response to changes in SO2 and NOx emissions in the eastern United States. The model employed the decoupled direct method (DDM) to estimate sensitivities without the need for multiple model runs for different emissions species and geographic regions. The baseline for sensitivities was emissions projected to 2010. Principal geographic regions investigated were east of the Mississippi River, although the contribution of a region to the immediate west of the river was also included in the study. Sensitivities to emissions changes from point sources (SO2 and NOx) and low-level sources (NOx) were computed. PM2.5 species examined were sulfate, organic carbon, and nitrate as well as total fine mass. Results for the midwest, mid-Atlantic, and southeast regions indicated that those regions affect their own aerosol levels the most. Aerosols in the northeast were most strongly linked to emissions from the midwest and mid-Atlantic regions. In general, midwest emissions had the most influence of any region on other regions. In addition, the southeast was relatively isolated, having the least influence outside itself and being least affected by neighboring regions. Sulfate was the species most sensitive to emission changes. Finally, the largest potential relative sensitivities of sulfate and organic aerosols, along with PM2.5 mass, to emissions changes were usually modeled to occur outside those areas computed to experience the highest aerosol levels. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM sfmueller@tva.gov NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2004 VL 38 IS 2 BP 570 EP 580 DI 10.1021/es021016n PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 763XB UT WOS:000188124800035 PM 14750734 ER PT B AU Bradshaw, DT AF Bradshaw, DT GP ieee TI "Super" reactive power for the power system through SuperVAR (TM) high temperature superconductor dynamic sychronous condensers SO 2004 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-Engineering-Society General Meeting CY JUN 06-10, 2004 CL Denver, CO DE capacitor; D-VAR((R)); EPRI FACTS (Flexible AC transmission); reactive power; reactors (inductors); STATCOM (Static shunt compensator); SuperVAR (TM); SVC (Static VAr compensator); VAr (Volt-Ampere-reactive) AB American Superconductor's (AMSC) High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) SuperVAR(TM) dynamic synchronous condensers have a small foot print, are readily transportable, and are expected to be a very economic option for providing peak and dynamic reactive compensation to a power system. SuperVAR machines are also inherently stable to close in faults, and can provide up to twice its nominal rating for about one minute (peak rating) during depressed voltage events. Last, but not least, SuperVAR machines use less than half of the energy of a conventional synchronous condenser and about the same amount of energy as a modem Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device consumes. It is expected to be highly reliable. The first SuperVAR machine is being operated at a TVA substation serving an arc furnace where it is being tested for its' ability to handle flicker. This location will also expose the machine to a large number of transients providing an excellent accelerated age test of the device. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Power Delivery Technol, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Bradshaw, DT (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Power Delivery Technol, 1101 Market St,MR 2T, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-8465-2 PY 2004 BP 2058 EP 2061 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BBK17 UT WOS:000225860300513 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ McNichol, AP AF Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ McNichol, AP TI Fossil sources of ambient aerosol carbon based on C-14 measurements SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLLUTION; TRACERS; SAMPLES; SYSTEM AB Organic and elemental carbonaceous material constitute significant portions of PM10 and PM2.5 mass on a global basis and are typically 35% and 10%, respectively, in urban areas of the southeastern United States. The organic portion of this is a complex mixture of primary compounds and secondary materials formed in situ from primary emissions. These materials derive from a variety of sources that are dynamically changing in time and space, making difficult the quantitative characterization of their sources. Results of measurements of the C-14 content of organic aerosol particles (PM10 and TSP) sampled at Look Rock, TN are reported in this work with the aim of better estimating bounds to fossil and biogenic sources that contribute to PM mass concentrations. The fraction of fossil-derived carbon in these particles has been estimated as 1 minus the fraction of "modern" carbon, the latter by definition biologically synthesized in equilibrium with atmospheric, cosmic ray-derived (CO2)-C-14. Fossil carbon fractions vary in a wide range from less than 10 to about 60% during spring, summer, and fall seasons at this ridge-top site near the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The implications of these findings on control strategies for the organic carbon fraction of PM2.5 mass are discussed. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Natl Ocean Sci AMS Facil, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, CEB 2A,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2004 VL 38 SU 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1080/02786820390229453 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 825MH UT WOS:000221762100012 ER PT J AU Christensen, AM Icove, DJ AF Christensen, AM Icove, DJ TI The application of NIST's fire dynamics simulator to the investigation of carbon monoxide exposure in the deaths of three Pittsburgh fire fighters SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Science CY FEB 17-22, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; fire modeling; Fire Dynamics Simulator; carbon monoxide exposure; death investigation AB A case is reported in which computer fire modeling was used to reevaluate afire that killed three firefighters. NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was employed to model the fire in order to estimate the concentration of carbon monoxide present in the dwelling, which was the immediate cause of death of two of the fire fighters, who appear to have removed their face pieces in order to share available air. This estimate, along with an assumed respiration volume and known blood carboxyhemoglobin, was plugged into a standard equation to estimate the time of exposure. The model indicated that 27 min into the fire, the carbon monoxide concentration had already reached approximately 3600 ppm. At this concentration, and a respiration of 70 L/min, an estimated 3 to 8 min of exposure would have been required to accumulate the concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin (49, 44, and 10%) measured on the fire fighters at autopsy. C1 US Tennessee Valley Author Police, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Christensen, AM (reprint author), 301 Taliwa Dr, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 49 IS 1 BP 104 EP 107 PG 4 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 762DV UT WOS:000187956500017 PM 14979353 ER PT J AU Meischen, SJ Van Pelt, VJ Zarate, EA Stephens, EA AF Meischen, SJ Van Pelt, VJ Zarate, EA Stephens, EA TI Gas-phase mercury reduction to measure total mercury in the flue gas of a coal-fired boiler SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Gaseous elemental and total (elemental + oxidized) mercury (Hg) in the flue gas from a coal-fired boiler was measured by a modified ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer. Challenges to Hg measurement were the spectral interferences from other flue gas components and that UV measures only elemental Hg. To eliminate interference from flue gas components, a cartridge filled with gold-coated sand removed elemental Hg from a flue gas sample. The Hg-free flue gas was the reference gas, eliminating the spectral interferences. To measure total Hg by UV, oxidized Hg underwent a gas-phase, thermal-reduction in a quartz cell heated to 750degreesC. Simultaneously, hydrogen was added to flash react with the oxygen present forming water vapor and preventing Hg re-oxidation as it exits the cell. Hg concentration results are in parts per billion by volume Hg at the flue gas oxygen concentration. The modified Hg analyzer and the Ontario Hydro method concurrently measured Hg at a field test site. Measurements were made at a 700-MW steam turbine plant with scrubber units and selective catalytic reduction. The flue gas sampled downstream of the selective catalytic reduction contained 2100 ppm SO2 and 75 ppm NOx. Total Hg measured by the Hg analyzer was within 20% of the Ontario Hydro results. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Meischen, SJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. EM sjmeischen@tva.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2004 VL 54 IS 1 BP 60 EP 67 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 762DK UT WOS:000187955500005 PM 14871013 ER PT S AU Bray, LG Dager, C Burton, ML AF Bray, LG Dager, C Burton, ML GP TRB TI Willingness to pay for water transportation in the Ohio River Basin SO WATER TRANSPORT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 11-15, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, US Bur Transportat Stat, US Fed Aviat Adm, US Fed Highway Adm, US Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, US Fed Railroad Adm, US FedTransit Adm, US Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, US Res& Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA AB The question of elasticity was raised to a high level in the Upper Mississippi-Illinois Waterway River Navigation study undertaken by the Rock Island District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1994. That study, in contrast to earlier works, assumed that every shipment was sensitive to price. National Academy of Sciences reviewers supported the idea of using barge demand functions that were responsive to price but were critical of assuming this distribution rather than measuring it empirically. A study to provide information on shipper willingness to pay for barge transportation was conducted. Interviews of barge transportation providers and users regarding shipper willingness to pay are summarized, and factors affecting demand are discussed. An early attempt to estimate barge price elasticities and the problems inherent in this type of analysis are also discussed. Significant interview findings were that shippers on the Ohio River Basin navigable streams made a decision to locate there and that they would pay much more than the next least costly rate to maintain barge transportation. The findings also indicated that if commodities had a high value, were not dangerous to the public, and moved in fairly small quantities, shippers would shift from barge to rail for a small rate savings. Traditional short-run demand relationships were difficult to estimate with cross-sectional data maintained by the Tennessee Valley Authority. It appears that in many settings output decisions and decisions regarding distribution channels are made in advance of transportation considerations, so that output quantities and shipment destinations are parametric in a transportation cost minimization process. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. Marshall Univ, Ctr Business & Econ Res, Huntington, WV 25722 USA. RP Bray, LG (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 400 W Summit Hill Dr,WT 10A, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-09465-8 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2004 IS 1871 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BBQ91 UT WOS:000227333300002 ER PT J AU Lackey, LW Gamble, JR Boles, JL AF Lackey, LW Gamble, JR Boles, JL TI Biofiltration of trichloroethylene-contaminated air: A pilot study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID METHYLOSINUS-TRICHOSPORIUM OB3B; CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON DEGRADATION; VAPOR-PHASE TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SOLUBLE METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; FIELD-EVALUATION; BIOFILM REACTORS; MIXED CULTURE; BIODEGRADATION; COMETABOLISM AB This project demonstrated the biofiltration of a trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated airstream generated by air stripping groundwater obtained from several wells located at the Anniston Army Depot, Anniston, AL. The effects of several critical process variables were investigated to evaluate technical and economic feasibility, define operating limits and preferred operating conditions, and develop design information for a full-scale biofilter system. Long-term operation of the demonstration biofilter system was conducted to evaluate the performance and reliability of the system under variable weather conditions. Propane was used as the primary substrate necessary to induce the production of a nonspecific oxygenase. Results indicated that the process scheme used to introduce propane into the biofiltration system had a significant impact on the observed TCE removal efficiency. TCE degradation rates were dependent on the inlet contaminant concentration as well as on the loading rate. No microbial inhibition was observed at inlet TCE concentrations as high as 87 parts per million on a volume basis. C1 Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Biomed & Environm Engn, Macon, GA 30062 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Lackey, LW (reprint author), Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Biomed & Environm Engn, 1400 Coleman Ave, Macon, GA 30062 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2003 VL 53 IS 10 BP 1248 EP 1255 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 729GT UT WOS:000185765500011 PM 14604335 ER PT J AU Hartwig, E Reid, R AF Hartwig, E Reid, R TI Chemical decontamination at Browns Ferry Unit 1 SO NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Browns Ferry Stn, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Hartwig, E (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Browns Ferry Stn, 400 W Summit Hill Dr, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EQES INC PI GLEN ELLYN PA 799 ROOSEVELT RD, BUILDING 6, STE 208, GLEN ELLYN, IL 60137-5925 USA SN 0892-2055 J9 NUCL PLANT J JI Nucl. Plant J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2003 VL 21 IS 5 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 984BZ UT WOS:000233278800034 ER PT J AU Luria, M Imhoff, RE Valente, RJ Tanner, RL AF Luria, M Imhoff, RE Valente, RJ Tanner, RL TI Ozone yields and production efficiencies in a large power plant plume SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone yield; ozone production efficiency; power plant plumes; plume ozone formation ID UNITED-STATES; URBAN PLUME; RURAL SITE; NOY; ISOPRENE; HYDROCARBONS; TENNESSEE; LIFETIMES; MECHANISM; NASHVILLE AB The plume of Tennessee Valley Authority's coal-fired Cumberland power plant was sampled during four different days in the summer of 1998 and 1999 from an instrumented helicopter. The extent of formation of ozone and various secondary NOx species in the plume was measured and the rates of loss processes estimated. The rates of these processes were found to be similar during three of the four sampling days. On the fourth day conversion and removal processes within the plume were significantly slower apparently due to lower ambient temperatures, and poor dispersion conditions. On the three more 'reactive' days ozone yield (Y) was found to be in the range of 1.5-2.6 molecules of O-3 produced per molecule of NOx emitted. The ozone production efficiency, estimated from Y and the average chemical age of the farthest distance sampled, varied from 2.3 to 5.4. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, POB 1010,CEB 2A, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2003 VL 37 IS 25 BP 3593 EP 3603 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00342-X PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 704RG UT WOS:000184353200014 ER PT J AU Durrans, SR Eiffe, MA Thomas, WO Goranflo, HM AF Durrans, SR Eiffe, MA Thomas, WO Goranflo, HM TI Joint seasonal/annual flood frequency analysis SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE probability; statistics; frequency analysis; flood frequency; Tennessee AB Flood frequency analysis, as commonly practiced, focuses on the estimation of return periods associated with annual maximum flood peaks of various magnitudes. In some applications, it is desirable to perform joint (i.e., simultaneous) flood frequency analyses on seasonal as well as annual bases. However, a problem one encounters in seasonal flood frequency analysis is that the consistency or interrelationship that must exist between the annual maximum and individual seasonal flood frequency distributions may not be preserved. The most important cause of inconsistencies is that one cannot arbitrarily specify the parametric forms of the annual and all of the seasonal distributions. A correct theoretical analysis of the joint frequency problem would require the use of a rather unusual and complicated distributional model. Since this is not practical, this paper presents two approximate but useful methods for joint frequency analysis using the log Pearson Type 3 distribution. It is shown via examples that the two methods can be applied to reasonably model annual and five seasonal flood distributions in the Tennessee Valley. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, River Syst Operat & Environm, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. Michael Baker Jr Inc, Alexandria, VA 22304 USA. RP Durrans, SR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JUL-AUG PY 2003 VL 8 IS 4 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/(ASCE)1084-0699(2003)8:4(181) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 692QG UT WOS:000183671300002 ER PT J AU Emery, EB Simon, TP McCormick, FH Angermeier, PL Deshon, JE Yoder, CO Sanders, RE Pearson, WD Hickman, GD Reash, RJ Thomas, JA AF Emery, EB Simon, TP McCormick, FH Angermeier, PL Deshon, JE Yoder, CO Sanders, RE Pearson, WD Hickman, GD Reash, RJ Thomas, JA TI Development of a multimetric index for assessing the biological condition of the Ohio River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WATER-RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; STREAM FISH COMMUNITIES; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; FLOW REGULATION; PERSPECTIVE; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; HISTORY; QUALITY; WORLD AB The use of fish communities to assess environmental quality is common for streams, but a standard methodology for large rivers is as yet largely undeveloped. We developed an index to assess the condition of fish assemblages along 1,580 km of the Ohio River. Representative samples of fish assemblages were collected from 709 Ohio River reaches, including 318 "least-impacted" sites, from 1991 to 2001 by means of standardized nighttime boat-electrofishing techniques. We evaluated 55 candidate metrics based on attributes of fish assemblage structure and function to derive a multimetric index of river health. We examined the spatial (by river kilometer) and temporal variability of these metrics and assessed their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances, namely, effluents, turbidity, and highly embedded substrates. The resulting Ohio River Fish Index (ORFIn) comprises 13 metrics selected because they responded predictably to measures of human disturbance or reflected desirable features of the Ohio River. We retained two metrics (the number of intolerant species and the number of sucker species [family Catostomidae]) from Karr's original index of biotic integrity. Six metrics were modified from indices developed for the upper Ohio River (the number of native species; number of great-river species; number of centrarchid species; the number of deformities, eroded fins and barbels, lesions, and tumors; percent individuals as simple lithophils; and percent individuals as tolerant species). We also incorporated three trophic metrics (the percent of individuals as detritivores, invertivores, and piscivores), one metric based on catch per unit effort, and one metric based on the percent of individuals as nonindigenous fish species. The ORFIn declined significantly where anthropogenic effects on substrate and water quality were prevalent and was significantly lower in the first 500 m below point source discharges than at least-impacted sites nearby. Although additional research on the temporal stability of the metrics and index will likely enhance the reliability of the ORFIn, its incorporation into Ohio River assessments still represents an improvement over current physicochemical protocols. C1 Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat COmmiss, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bloomington, IN 47403 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Ohio Environm Protect Agcy, Ecol Assessment Unit, Groveport, OH 43125 USA. Midwest Biodivers Inst, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Ctr Appl Bioassessment & Biocriteria, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Columbus, OH 43224 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Amer Elect Power Co, Environm Serv Dept, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. RP Emery, EB (reprint author), Ohio River Valley Water Sanitat COmmiss, 5735 Kellogg Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45228 USA. RI Simon, Thomas/B-4075-2012; OI Simon, Thomas/0000-0003-4393-4703 NR 77 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 791 EP 808 DI 10.1577/T01-076 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 703NY UT WOS:000184287600014 ER PT J AU Tankersley, R Orvis, K AF Tankersley, R Orvis, K TI Modeling the geography of migratory pathways and stopover habitats for neotropical migratory birds SO CONSERVATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERITHACUS-RUBECULA; FALL MIGRATION; FAT DEPOSITION; WOOD-WARBLERS; FLIGHT RANGE; MIGRANTS; ORIENTATION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; ABUNDANCE AB Intact migratory routes are critical for the stability of forest-dwelling, neotropical, migratory bird populations, and mortality along migratory pathways may be significant. Yet we know almost nothing about the geography of available stopovers or the possible migratory pathways that connect optimal stopovers. We undertake a spatial analysis of stopover habitat availability and then model potential migratory pathways between optimal stopovers in the eastern United States. Using models of fixed orientation and fixed nightly flight distance between stopovers during spring migration, we explore whether a simple endogenous migratory program is sufficient to ensure successful migration across the modem landscape. Our model runs suggest that the modem distribution of optimum stopovers in the eastern United States can be adequately exploited by birds following migratory pathways defined by fixed-orientation and fixed-distance nightly flights. Longer flight distances may increase the chances of success by enabling migrants to bypass locales offering little habitat. Our results also suggest that most southwest-northeast migratory pathways through the Appalachian mountains are intact. Lack of optimal habitat at key locations in the Southeast causes many modeled pathways to fail. We present a speculative view of regional migration patterns implied by predominant ideas found in stopover ecology literature, and demonstrate the need for broad-scale migration research, in the hope that our approach will foster other continental- and regional-scale projects. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Tankersley, R (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 72 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1195-5449 J9 CONSERV ECOL JI Conserv. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 1 AR 7 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 735TL UT WOS:000186130600008 ER PT J AU Linford, R Betti, R Dahlburg, J Asay, J Campbell, M Colella, P Freidberg, J Goodman, J Hammer, D Hoagland, J Jardin, S Lindl, J Logan, G Matzen, K Navratil, G Nobile, A Sethian, J Sheffield, J Tillack, M Weisheit, J AF Linford, R Betti, R Dahlburg, J Asay, J Campbell, M Colella, P Freidberg, J Goodman, J Hammer, D Hoagland, J Jardin, S Lindl, J Logan, G Matzen, K Navratil, G Nobile, A Sethian, J Sheffield, J Tillack, M Weisheit, J TI A review of the US Department of Energy's Inertial Fusion Energy program SO JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY LA English DT Article DE fusion energy; inertial confinement fusion ID ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION; LASER; PLASMA; IGNITION; TARGETS; DRIVEN AB This is the final report of a panel set up by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) in response to a charge letter from Dr. Ray Orbach (Appendix A). In that letter, Dr. Orbach asked FESAC for "an assessment of the present status of" inertial fusion energy (IFE) research carried out in contributing programs. These programs include the heavy ion (HI) beam, the high average power laser (HAPL), and Z-Pinch drivers and associated technologies, including fast ignition (FI). This report, presented to FESAC on March 29, 2004, and subsequently approved by them (Appendix B), presents FESAC's response to that charge. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Linford, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,Bldg 121,Room 1035, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rulon.linford@ucop.edu RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0164-0313 J9 J FUSION ENERG JI J. Fusion Energy PD JUN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 93 EP 126 DI 10.1023/B:JOFE.0000036408.11067.cd PG 34 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 850WS UT WOS:000223645700002 ER PT J AU Solomon, P Baumann, K Edgerton, E Tanner, R Eatough, D Modey, W Marin, H Savoie, D Natarajan, S Meyer, MB Norris, G AF Solomon, P Baumann, K Edgerton, E Tanner, R Eatough, D Modey, W Marin, H Savoie, D Natarajan, S Meyer, MB Norris, G TI Comparison of integrated samplers for mass and composition during the 1999 Atlanta Supersites project SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE chemical speciation; Atlanta Supersites project; filter sampling; comparison study; integrated samplers; PM2.5 ID DIFFUSION DENUDER SAMPLER; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICLE-SIZE; AIR-QUALITY; PC-BOSS; PM2.5; AEROSOLS AB [1] The first of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites projects was established in Atlanta, GA, during the summer of 1999 in conjunction with the Southern Oxidants Study. The short-term primary focus was a one month intensive field campaign to evaluate advanced PM measurement methods for measuring PM mass and the chemical and physical properties of PM. Long-term objectives are being met through coordination and cooperation with existing programs in Atlanta and the southeastern United States. Three categories of PM instruments were deployed during August 1999: time-integrated or discrete filter-based methods like those used in EPA's PM2.5 Chemical Speciation Network; continuous or semicontinuous species specific methods, most of which are still in development; and single particle mass spectrometers, the most advanced methods looking at the chemical composition of single particles. The focus of this paper is on comparison of the discrete filter-based methods. Samples were collected by 12 discrete filter-based samplers on an every other day basis during the study period at the Jefferson Street Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) study site. Samples were analyzed for PM2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and trace elements, the latter by XRF. Samplers used a variety of filters; denuder-filter combinations in the case of nitrate and organic carbon, particle size fractionating devices, and flow rates. Ambient concentrations for most species were sufficiently above detection limits for testing comparability among samplers, with nitrate being the most notable exception for the major components having an average reported value of 0.5 mug/m(3). Several trace species, e. g., As and Pb, also were often below limits of detection of the analysis method. Results indicate that real differences exist among the samplers tested for most species, with sulfate and ammonium being the exceptions, under the conditions tested. Differences are due to sampler design, and in the case of elemental carbon, also due to the use of different chemical analysis methods. Comparability among most of the samplers for a given species was: mass (+/-20%); sulfate (+/-10%); nitrate (+/-30-35%); ammonium (+/-10-15%); organic carbon either with or without denuders (+/-20%) or including samplers both with and without denuders (+/-35-45%); elemental carbon (+/-20 to +/-200%, the latter if different analysis methods are used); and minor and trace elements (+/-20-30%). A net organic carbon-sampling artifact on quartz-fiber filters was estimated from the comparison of denuded versus undenuded samples and is in the range of 1-4 mug/m(3). C1 US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Rupprecht & Patashnick Co Inc, Albany, NY 12203 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP US EPA, MD-E205-03, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM solomon.paul@epa.gov; kb@eas.gatech.edu; ericedge@gte.net; rltanner@tva.gov; delbert_eatough@byu.edu; wkmodey@mailchem.byu.edu; hmaring@rsmas.miami.edu; dsavoie@rsmas.miami.edu; sanjay@rti.org; mbmeyer@rpco.com; norris.gary@epa.gov NR 61 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8423 DI 10.1029/2001JD001218 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666UW UT WOS:000182195700001 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL AF Tanner, RL TI Measurements in support of air quality improvement - some historical insights SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE measurement science; control strategies; measurement artifact; historical overview ID NITRIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS; ARTIFACT; DENUDER; SULFATE; NITRATE; FILTERS; AEROSOL; SYSTEM; MODEL AB A brief historical summary of developments in a select few areas of atmospheric measurements is given to illustrate how they have led to an improvement in our ability to effect meaningful, effective control strategies by improving our knowledge of the atmospheric chemistry of trace gases and particles. Conversely, some examples will also be given of how measurement deficiencies led to misleading conclusions concerning the nature and extent of environmental pollution, and permitted the development of ineffective control strategies. Measurement artifacts for prominent particulate constituents-sulfate, nitrate and organic species-are discussed, focusing on key measurement principles that were developed to overcome those artifacts. The use of tracers and source apportionment techniques to quantify the contributions of sources of pollutants and their precursors is another example of measurement science enabling effective control strategies. The intent of this paper is to illustrate how better measurement science leads to more accurate assessment of pollutant formation and transport processes, and hence to the development of more effective pollutant control strategies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 9-10 BP 1271 EP 1276 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01026-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 659LA UT WOS:000181777100013 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF AF Mueller, SF TI Seasonal aerosol sulfate trends for selected regions of the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; FINE PARTICLES; VISIBILITY AB Site and regional trends in seasonally averaged particle SO42- concentrations were examined for a large portion of the United States using data collected by the CASTNet air monitoring network. Trends were analyzed for overlapping periods of 1988-1999 and 1992-1999. The largest absolute SO42- decreases-approximately -0.4 mug/m(3)/ yr-between 1988 and 1999 occurred in summer for sites in the Ohio River Valley and areas to the east. Generally, the largest SO42- reductions were found for summer, but larger relative reductions often occurred for spring and autumn. Sulfate changes during 1992-1999 were quite different from those found for 1988-1999 and were not entirely consistent with changes in SO2 emissions. In some locations, the 1992-1999 period saw smaller declines in SO42-, while in other places seasonal SO4 actually increased. Increases were mostly confined to summer and autumn across the southern and southwestern states. Multivariate analysis of ambient sulfur levels, by region, versus SO2 emissions reveals that annual emissions are associated with more than 80% of the variance in seasonal sulfur (SO2 and SO42-) in more than three-quarters of the cases examined. The weakest associations were found for the southeastern United States. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 168 EP 184 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 643XJ UT WOS:000180888200004 PM 12617291 ER PT J AU Weber, R Orsini, D Duan, Y Baumann, K Kiang, CS Chameides, W Lee, YN Brechtel, F Klotz, P Jongejan, P ten Brink, H Slanina, J Boring, CB Genfa, Z Dasgupta, P Hering, S Stolzenburg, M Dutcher, DD Edgerton, E Hartsell, B Solomon, P Tanner, R AF Weber, R Orsini, D Duan, Y Baumann, K Kiang, CS Chameides, W Lee, YN Brechtel, F Klotz, P Jongejan, P ten Brink, H Slanina, J Boring, CB Genfa, Z Dasgupta, P Hering, S Stolzenburg, M Dutcher, DD Edgerton, E Hartsell, B Solomon, P Tanner, R TI Intercomparison of near real time monitors of PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate at the US Environmental Protection Agency Atlanta Supersite SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE particulate matter; PM2.5; instrumentation; ionic aerosol components; sulfate; nitrate; online analysis; semicontinuous; Supersite ID CONTINUOUS AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT; JET AEROSOL COLLECTOR; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Five new instruments for semicontinuous measurements of fine particle (PM2.5) nitrate and sulfate were deployed in the Atlanta Supersite Experiment during an intensive study in August 1999. The instruments measured bulk aerosol chemical composition at rates ranging from every 5 min to once per hour. The techniques included a filter sampling system with automated water extraction and online ion chromatographic (IC) analysis, two systems that directly collected particles into water for IC analysis, and two techniques that converted aerosol nitrate or sulfate either catalytically or by flash vaporization to gaseous products that were measured with gas analyzers. During the one-month study, 15-min integrated nitrate concentrations were low, ranging from about 0.1 to 3.5 mug m(-3) with a mean value of 0.5 mug m(-3). Ten-minute integrated sulfate concentrations varied between 0.3 and 40 mug m(-3) with a mean of 14 mug m(-3). By the end of the one-month study most instruments were in close agreement, with r-squared values between instrument pairs typically ranging from 0.7 to 0.94. Based on comparison between individual semicontinuous devices and 24-hour integrated filter measurements, most instruments were within 20-30% for nitrate (similar to0.1-0.2 mug m(-3)) and 10-15% for sulfate (1-2 mug m(-3)). Within 95% confidence intervals, linear regression fits suggest that no biases existed between the semicontinuous techniques and the 24-hour integrated filter measurements of nitrate and sulfate;, however, for nitrate, the semicontinuous intercomparisons showed significantly less variability than intercomparisons amongst the 24-hour integrated filters. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmostphere, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Netherlands Energy Res Fdn, ECN, Dept Air Qual, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Plano, TX 75074 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Weber, R (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmostphere, 221 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rweber@eas.gatech.edu; douglas.orsini@eas.gatech.edu; kb@eas.gatech.edu; kiang@mindspring.com; wcham@eas.gatech.edu; ynlee@bnl.gov; fredb@bnl.gov; jongejan@ecn.nl; tenbrink@ecn.nl; slanina@ecn.nl; sandy.dasgupta@pop.admin.ttu.edu; susanne@aerosol.us; mark@aerosoldynamics.com; dabsatbak@aol.com; ericedge@gte.net; hartsell@gte.net; Solomon.Paul@epamail.epa.gov; rltanner@tva.gov RI Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012 NR 12 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 29 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D7 AR 8421 DI 10.1029/2001JD001220 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 679AF UT WOS:000182898300001 ER PT B AU Behrends, L Bailey, E Ellison, W Houke, L Jansen, P Shea, C Smith, S Yost, T AF Behrends, L Bailey, E Ellison, W Houke, L Jansen, P Shea, C Smith, S Yost, T GP ASAE TI Reciprocating constructed wetlands for treating high strength anaerobic lagoon wastewater SO ANIMAL, AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROCESSING WASTES IX, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes CY OCT 12-15, 2003 CL Raleigh, NC SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE ammonia; CAFO; CBOD5; constructed wetlands; odor AB Innovative wastewater treatment systems are needed for removing nutrients, noxious odors, dissolved organic matter, and pathogens from high strength agricultural and processing wastewater. A novel reciprocating subsurface-flow constructed wetland, consisting of four cells totaling 3570 m(2) (1.5 m deep), has been treating anaerobic lagoon wastewater from a commercial-scale confined swine feeding operation since November, 2000. The system, located near Aliceville, Alabama, has been monitored for twenty-one months. Hydraulic loading rates (HLR), from the anaerobic lagoon to the wetlands treatment system averaged 107 and 208 m(3)/day for years I and II respectively. Results to date indicate that the system's treatment efficacy is sustainable, with the exception of phosphorus removal. Doubling the flow temporarily reduced treatment efficacy with respect to monitored parameters. Average influent and effluent concentrations (ppm), of monitored parameters and their respective percentage removal rates were: CBOD5 (521, 117, 78%); COD (1388, 393, 72%); NH4-N (371, 51, 86%); and PO4-P (52, 43, 17%). Electrical demand to operate reciprocating pumps, influent pumps and irrigation pumps averaged 203 kWh/day and 234.1 for the two wastewater loading rates respectively. Based on comments from farm workers and subjective laboratory testing, the system was effective in removing odors from lagoon effluent. Fecal coliform bacteria removal rates ranged from 2-3 Log reduction. In conclusion, the reciprocating wetland system was user friendly, relatively cost effective, and efficient with respect to removal of organic compounds, nitrogen, odor and fecal coliform bacteria. Further research will be required to enhance phosphorus removal. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Air Land & Water Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Behrends, L (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Air Land & Water Sci, CEB 1-C, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-32-8 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2003 BP 113 EP 123 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA BBB33 UT WOS:000224513200014 ER PT B AU Hickman, GD Brown, ML AF Hickman, GD Brown, ML BE Dixon, DA Veio, JA Wisniewski, J TI Proposed methods and endpoints for defining and assessing Adverse Environmental Impact (AEI) on fish communities/populations in Tennessee River reservoirs SO DEFINING AND ASSESSING ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FROM POWER PLANT IMPINGEMENT AND ENTRAINMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Symposium on the Meaning of AEI and Methods for its Assessment held in Conjunction with the Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY AUG 23, 2001 CL PHOENIX, AZ DE biocriteria; biological indices; fish community assessment; reservoir fish assemblage index (RFAI); sport fishing index (SFI) ID BIOTIC INTEGRITY; ASSEMBLAGES AB Two multimetric indices have been developed to help address fish community (reservoir fish assemblage index [RFAI]) and individual population quality (sport fishing index [SFI]) in Tennessee River reservoirs. The RFAI, with characteristics similar to the index of biotic integrity (1131) used in stream fish community determinations, was developed to monitor the existing condition of resident fish communities[1,2,3]. The index, which incorporates standardized electrofishing of littoral areas and experimental gill netting for limnetic bottom-dwelling species, has been used to determine residential fish community response to various anthropogenic impacts in southeastern reservoirs. The SFI is a multimetric index designed to address the quality of the fishery for individual resident sport fish species in a particular lake or reservoir[4]. The SFI incorporates measures of fish population aspects and angler catch and pressure estimates. This paper proposes 70% of the maximum RFAI score and 10% above the average SFI score for individual species as "screening" endpoints for balanced indigenous populations (BIP) or adverse environmental impact (AEI). Endpoints for these indices indicate: (1) communities/populations are obviously balanced indigenous populations (BIP) indicating no adverse environmental impact (AEI), or are "screened out"; (2) communities/populations are considered to be potentially impacted; and (3) where the resident fish community/population should be considered adversely impacted. Suggestions are also made concerning how examination of individual metric scores can help determine the source or cause of the impact. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, River Syst Operat & Environm, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Hickman, GD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, River Syst Operat & Environm, 17 Ridgeway Rd, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-517-7 PY 2003 BP 198 EP 212 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW45X UT WOS:000182078600013 ER PT B AU Bock, BR Rhudy, RG Herzog, HJ AF Bock, BR Rhudy, RG Herzog, HJ BE Gale, J Kaya, Y TI CO2 storage and sink enhancements: Developing comparable economics SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY OCT 01-04, 2002 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP IEA Greenhouse Gas Programme, RITE, JSER AB This paper reports on a project that compared the economics of major technologies and practices under development for CO2 storage and sink enhancement, including options for storing captured CO2, such as active oil reservoirs, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep aquifers, coal beds, and oceans, as well as the enhancement of biological sinks such as forests and croplands. For the geologic and ocean storage options, CO2 capture costs from another project were added to the costs Of CO2 storage estimated in this project to provide combined costs Of CO2 capture and storage. Combined Costs Of CO2 capture and storage were compared with CO2 Sink enhancement costs on a life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) avoided basis. The CO2 storage and sink enhancement options compared in this project differ greatly in the timing and permanence Of CO2 sequestration. In addressing the timing and permanence issue, a 100-year planning horizon was assumed and the net present value of both costs and revenues was considered. The methods for comparing the economics of diverse CO2 storage and sink enhancement options are overviewed and representative base-case costs of storage and sink enhancement options are compared. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Bock, BR (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-044276-5 PY 2003 BP 1101 EP 1106 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX41P UT WOS:000185208000173 ER PT J AU White, AB Templeman, BD Angevine, WM Zamora, RJ King, CW Russell, CA Banta, RM Brewer, WA Olszyna, KJ AF White, AB Templeman, BD Angevine, WM Zamora, RJ King, CW Russell, CA Banta, RM Brewer, WA Olszyna, KJ TI Regional contrast in morning transitions observed during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Middle Tennessee Intensive SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE regional contrast; morning transitions; SOS99 ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OZONE AB [1] This study investigates the impact of surface heterogeneity on the timing of the morning transitions observed during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville/Middle Tennessee Intensive (SOS99N). The end of the morning transition occurs at a measurement site located in the Cumberland River Valley approximately 8 km northeast of downtown Nashville, on average, 1.25 h earlier than at three rural sites surrounding Nashville. This study shows that the early morning behavior of the boundary layers observed at the river valley site is dominated by local terrain features, whereas a previous study showed that the afternoon boundary layers observed at this site are more strongly influenced by its urban characteristics. Profiles of backscatter intensity recorded by monostatic sodars and Doppler wind profilers are analyzed to provide the evolution of boundary layer depth on days when a nocturnal inversion formed. These measurements indicate that the early morning growth rate of the convective boundary layer was faster, on average, at the river valley site in Nashville than at a rural, non-river valley site where similar measurements were made (125 m h(-1) versus 73 m h(-1) from 0600 to 0800 h CST). A comparison of temperature profiles measured with radio acoustic sounding systems indicates that low-level stability resulting from the nocturnal boundary layer had a stronger influence than surface energetics on the observed variations in boundary layer depth and morning transition end times. A single case study is shown to demonstrate the potential impact of the morning transition on gas phase chemistry measurements collected at a rural site. Case study and diurnally averaged time series show how surface-layer humidity can be an effective tracer for diagnosing the end of the morning transition. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP White, AB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, CB216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Allen.B.White@noaa.gov RI White, Allen/A-7946-2009; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 107 IS D23 AR 4726 DI 10.1029/2001JD002036 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 648UN UT WOS:000181169100004 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Tanner, RL AF Cheng, MD Tanner, RL TI Characterization of ultrafine and fine particles at a site near the Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE the Great Smoky Mountains National Park; factor analysis; ultrafine and fine particles; source-receptor relationships ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; EVENTS AB Continuous measurements were taken during a 22-day campaign held in the summer of 2000 at a site close to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in eastern Tennessee. The campaign was conducted to investigate the relationships between ultrafine/fine particles and gaseous species observed. A varimax-rotation factor analysis was performed to explore the relationship of the fine and ultrafine particle number concentrations, the gaseous species concentration, the mean wind speed, and the solar radiation. A 6-factor model was found to best resolve 79.7% of the variability embedded in the data. The model suggests that 31.4% of the data variability could be explained by ultrafine particles (the diameters smaller than. or equal to 100 nm). It was difficult to label this factor without chemistry information of the ultrafine particles. However, no gas species were loaded on Factor I indicating the ultrafine particles observed in this study were not associated with primary source emissions. The decoupling of the ultrafine particles from the fine particles also implies that the former ones might have been produced and transported to the site by separated mechanisms, from those of fine particles. The second factor included the PM2.5 mass concentration and the number concentrations of particles in the diameter range of 101-400 mn. The loading pattern on Factor 2 led to the conclusion that this factor was contributed by regional transport. The third factor includes CO, NO2, reactive odd nitrogen (NOy), and SO2 that were contributed by primary source emissions. The mean wind speed and ozone were loaded in Factor 4 that was labeled as ozo. ne transport. Identification of this factor led to an observation that ozone transport to the site was essentially decoupled from the regional transport factor of fine particles (i.e., Factor 2). Solar radiation was singly included in the fifth factor indicating this is a unique factor. The quality of NO data was marginal and the variable was distilled by the model into Factor 6. A multiple regression analysis further indicated that PM2.5 mass concentration was best explained by CO, 03, and number concentrations of particles in the diameter range between 0.1 and 0.4 mum. We also identified two unique events during the campaign in which the number concentrations of 31-51 nm particles dramatically increased by a factor of 10 in 30min, reaching 40,000 cm(-3) and lasting for a couple of hours. Particles in the size range just below and above those in the 31-51 nm diameter range also exhibited increases during these events, but the changes were much less dramatic. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Fertilizer & Environm Res Ctr, Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 1505,Mail Stop 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012 NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 38 BP 5795 EP 5806 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00625-8 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00625-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 620UH UT WOS:000179550500005 ER PT J AU Lackey, LW Gamble, JR Boles, JL AF Lackey, LW Gamble, JR Boles, JL TI Bench-scale evaluation of a biofiltration system used to mitigate trichloroethylene contaminated air streams SO ADVANCES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE trichloroethylene; biofiltration; propane-oxidizing microorganisms; cometabolism; pulse-feeding scheme ID INSITU BIODEGRADATION; CHLORINATED SOLVENTS; FIELD-EVALUATION; DEGRADATION; BIOREACTOR; REACTOR; BIOTRANSFORMATION; COMETABOLISM; ENRICHMENT; OXIDATION AB Improper disposal practices of the once widely used short-chained chlorinated aliphatics have made them a major component of groundwater contamination. Historically, pump and treat technology has been implemented to remediate and contain such aquifer water. After being pumped to the surface, the water is frequently treated with stripper technology. As a result, there is a high volume, low concentration contaminated air stream to either be directly emitted or treated prior to release in an effort to meet regulatory compliance. This work studied the feasibility of using biofiltration technology to remediate trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminated air streams. Furthermore, work focused on operational schemes that influenced the TCE degradation potential within the system. The bench-scale biofilter system contained 42 1 of organic packing material and was inoculated with a propane-oxidizing microbial consortium. Propane, the primary substrate, and TCE were introduced into the biofilter in two distinct modes. Initially, TCE and propane were both continuously added to the biofilter system. The maximum TCE degradation observed under this continuous feeding scheme was 25%. Secondly, the TCE and propane were alternately pulsed or cycled in a step-wise fashion into the biofilter system. Under this operating environment, greater than 98% removal of TCE from the air stream was achieved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Macon, GA 31207 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Lackey, LW (reprint author), Mercer Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Environm Engn, Macon, GA 31207 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1093-0191 J9 ADV ENVIRON RES JI Adv. Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 97 EP 104 AR PII S1093-0191(01)00111-3 DI 10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00111-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 608WF UT WOS:000178870000007 ER PT J AU Odman, MT Boylan, JW Wilkinson, JG Russell, AG Mueller, SF Imhoff, RE Doty, KG Norris, WB McNider, RT AF Odman, MT Boylan, JW Wilkinson, JG Russell, AG Mueller, SF Imhoff, RE Doty, KG Norris, WB McNider, RT TI Integrated modeling for air quality assessment: The Southern Appalachians mountains initiative project SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Research Course on Atmospheres CY 2002 CL GRENOBLE, FRANCE ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PHOTOCHEMICAL MODELS; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; PARTICULATE MATTER; AEROSOL FORMATION; UNITED-STATES; SENSITIVITY; OZONE; DEPOSITION; PREDICTION C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Odman, MT (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013 OI Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047 NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 1155-4339 J9 J PHYS IV JI J. Phys. IV PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS PR10 BP 211 EP 234 DI 10.1051/jp4:20020461 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 639MQ UT WOS:000180633400016 ER PT J AU Barker, M Van Miegroet, H Nicholas, NS Creed, IF AF Barker, M Van Miegroet, H Nicholas, NS Creed, IF TI Variation in overstory nitrogen uptake in a small, high-elevation southern Appalachian spruce-fir watershed SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NATIONAL-PARK; DEPOSITION; SATURATION; PATTERNS; MINERALIZATION; THROUGHFALL; RETENTION; EXCESS AB High-elevation red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) - Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) forests of the southern Appalachians exhibit considerable spatial heterogeneity in structure, and possibly in N uptake, because of a combination of natural disturbances and heavy fir mortality caused by infestations of the exotic balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz). The objectives of this study are to determine spatial variability in tree N uptake in a small high-elevation catchment in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, compare outcomes among calculation methods, and assess the influence of stand and landscape properties on N uptake. Tree N uptake is estimated for fifty 20 x 20 m plots in the Noland Divide Watershed (NDW). Components considered in the calculations are stem growth, foliage increment, and mortality of spruce, fir, and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) from 1993 and 1998 stand inventories; throughfall N flux measured in summers 1998 and 1999; litterfall N return for 1 year in a subset of 12 plots; tissue N analyses; and atmospheric N deposition and root turnover estimates from the literature. Overstory N uptake varies spatially within NDW, with a CV of 9-41% depending on the calculation method. Variability among methods is even higher, with an almost 15-fold difference between the smallest and largest average overstory uptake estimate (5 vs. 74 kg.ha(-1).year(-1)). Only 5 and 3 kg.ha(-1).year(-1) of N is sequestered in wood and foliar increment, respectively, while 36 kg.ha(-1) of N returns annually as aboveground litterfall. Uptake and its components are correlated with measures of stand structure but not with elevation or aspect. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Geog, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Van Miegroet, H (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RI Van Miegroet, Helga/A-1925-2012; Creed, Irena/L-8810-2013 OI Creed, Irena/0000-0001-8199-1472 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1741 EP 1752 DI 10.1139/X02-098 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 611WK UT WOS:000179040600004 ER PT J AU Turnbow, ML AF Turnbow, ML TI ASNT addresses the European Pressure Equipment Directive and general industry sector requirements for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Soddy Daisy, TN 37379 USA. RP Turnbow, ML (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Igou Ferry Rd,STC 11 SQN,POB 2000, Soddy Daisy, TN 37379 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 60 IS 10 BP 1141 EP 1142 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 602PQ UT WOS:000178514000002 ER PT J AU Sweetser, C Bergman, WJ Montillet, G Mannarino, A O'Donnell, EJ Long, RW Nelson, J Gavazza, R Jackson, R AF Sweetser, C Bergman, WJ Montillet, G Mannarino, A O'Donnell, EJ Long, RW Nelson, J Gavazza, R Jackson, R TI Strategies for selecting monitoring of circuit breakers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article AB Diagnostics and monitoring can be used to optimize maintenance practices, replacement, and utilization of aged circuit breakers. Monitoring practices should be selected with realistic expectations. Monitoring techniques and strategies for circuit breakers can vary depending on the application. Some monitoring techniques do not provide sufficient benefit to justify the cost and effort. Conversely, appropriate selection of monitoring can provide significant benefits. A new "IEEE Guide for the Selection of Monitoring for Circuit Breakers" has been published. It outlines the majority of monitoring options, and includes the important role and application of failure modes and effect analyzes. Various monitoring techniques and strategies are reviewed using the new guide as a reference for selecting the most appropriate monitoring for a given application. C1 Doble Engn, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. Bergman & Associates, Calgary, AB T3B 4K8, Canada. Power Syst Solut, Calgary, AB T3B 4K8, Canada. ALSTOM Power Transmiss, Charleroi, PA 15022 USA. Baltimore Gas & Elect, Baltimore, MD 21037 USA. Cutler Hammer, Pittsburgh, PA 15275 USA. TVA, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. Pacific Gas & Elect, San Francisco, CA 94177 USA. Detroit Edison Co, Detroit, MI 48226 USA. RP Sweetser, C (reprint author), Doble Engn, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JUL PY 2002 VL 17 IS 3 BP 742 EP 746 AR PII S0885-8977(02)02752-8 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2002.1022798 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 579ZC UT WOS:000177208300012 ER PT J AU Fisher, S Nicholas, NS Scheuerman, PR AF Fisher, S Nicholas, NS Scheuerman, PR TI Dendrochemical analysis of lead and calcium in southern Appalachian American beech SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OAK TREE-RINGS; RED SPRUCE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ELEMENT CONCENTRATIONS; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; CHEMISTRY; GRADIENT; CADMIUM; TRENDS AB The health of the northern hardwood forest in the southern Appalachian Mountains of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia has gained attention from the media and environmental stakeholders due to a purported decline in forest health at higher elevations. This project examined lead (Pb) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in growth rings of an important northern hardwood species, American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) at Mount Rogers and Whitetop Mountain, Virginia and attempted to examine concentration relationships with stem growth patterns. Dominant and codominant trees were sampled from 16 research plots at two elevations. Tree cores were crossdated, divided into sections of 10-yr periods, and analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Lead concentrations correlated negatively with ring width. Elevation and aspect were significantly associated with the Ph concentration, while Ca concentrations were only associated with aspect. Tree core samples taken from higher elevation plots contained higher Pb concentrations than samples collected from lower elevation plots, while the northwest and southwest aspects contained significantly higher amounts of Ph and Ca. Both Pb and Ca concentrations increased during the 1860s and again during the mid-1900s. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Fisher, S (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 129 Pine Rd,POB 1649, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 2002 VL 31 IS 4 BP 1137 EP 1145 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574YL UT WOS:000176918200009 PM 12175031 ER PT J AU Parrish, DD Trainer, M Hereid, D Williams, EJ Olszyna, KJ Harley, RA Meagher, JF Fehsenfeld, FC AF Parrish, DD Trainer, M Hereid, D Williams, EJ Olszyna, KJ Harley, RA Meagher, JF Fehsenfeld, FC TI Decadal change in carbon monoxide to nitrogen oxide ratio in US vehicular emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE vehicle emissions; carbon monoxide; nitrogen oxides; emission inventories; temporal change ID COAST AIR BASIN; POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS; MOTOR-VEHICLES; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; INVENTORIES; TROPOSPHERE; NASHVILLE; OZONE AB [1] Accurate emission inventories and their temporal trends must be incorporated into pollutant inventories to allow for reliable modeling of the country's past, present, and future air quality. Measured carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations from two urban areas show that the CO/NOx vehicular emission ratio has decreased at an average rate of 7-9% per year from 1987 to 1999. This amounts to a factor of nearly 3 over the 12 years. The current U. S. Environmental Protection Agency tabulations of estimated pollutant emission trends indicate a rate of decrease smaller by a factor of 2-3. The trend in maximum ambient CO levels in U. S. cities suggests a 5.2 +/- 0.8% per year average annual decrease in CO vehicular emissions, which implies a 2-3% annual increase in NOx emissions from vehicles. Thus over the decade of the 1990s, annual U. S. CO emissions from vehicles have decreased from similar to65 to similar to38 Tg, representing approximate decreases of 6 and 3% in the annual global fuel-use CO emissions and in total global anthropogenic CO emissions, respectively. It is expected that the volatile organic compound (VOC)/NOx vehicular exhaust emission ratio has decreased similarly, implying that the character of atmospheric photochemistry in U. S. urban areas has changed significantly over the decade. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parrish, DD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 31 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0747-7309 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 107 IS D12 AR 4140 DI 10.1029/2001JC000720 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 610TL UT WOS:000178976900019 ER PT J AU Davis, RD Diswood, S Dominguez, A Engel-Wilson, RW Jefferson, K Miles, AK Moore, EF Reidinger, R Ruther, S Valdez, R Wilson, K Zablan, MA AF Davis, RD Diswood, S Dominguez, A Engel-Wilson, RW Jefferson, K Miles, AK Moore, EF Reidinger, R Ruther, S Valdez, R Wilson, K Zablan, MA TI Increasing diversity in our profession SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; FISHERIES; AMERICANS; MINORITY C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. Acome Business Enterprises, Acoma Game & Fish Dept, Acoma, NM 87034 USA. Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Phoenix, AZ 85023 USA. Univ Tennessee, Sch Forestry, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Geol Survey, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Western Ecol Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Sch Environm Engn, Murfreesboro, TN 37132 USA. Lincoln Univ, Ctr Excellence, Columbia, MO USA. Arizona Game & Fish Dept, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Pacific Isl Fish & Wildlife Off, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 628 EP 633 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 573HF UT WOS:000176822700045 ER PT J AU Al-Chaar, GK Hasan, HA AF Al-Chaar, GK Hasan, HA TI Dynamic response and seismic testing of CMU walls rehabilitated with composite material applied to only one side SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE dynamics; rehabilitation reclamation & renovation; seismic engineering AB This project consisted of an analytical investigation and seismic shake table testing of unreinforced masonry bearing and shear walls. The analytical investigation consisted of pseudo-static and dynamic analyses of existing unreinforced concrete masonry unit (CMU) walls. The shake table testing programme consisted of uniaxial and triaxial time history testing of unreinforced masonry walls retrofitted with fibreglass composite material applied as an overlay to only one side of the walls. This paper discusses the dynamic behaviour of the analytical and physical models, the performance of the overlay composite material system, recommendations on using the system for seismic rehabilitation and retrofit of unreinforced masonry walls, and comparisons of the analytical and seismic test results. C1 USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Al-Chaar, GK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Champaign, IL USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU THOMAS TELFORD SERVICES LTD PI LONDON PA THOMAS TELFORD HOUSE, 1 HERON QUAY, LONDON E14 4JD, ENGLAND SN 0965-0911 J9 P I CIVIL ENG-STR B JI Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.-Struct. Build. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 152 IS 2 BP 135 EP 146 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 585RD UT WOS:000177537600005 ER PT J AU Lee, P Moore, M AF Lee, P Moore, M TI Two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis of mixed southern hardwood: Process evaluation and optimization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 066-CELL BP U129 EP U129 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700616 ER PT J AU Ding, YM Pang, YB Eatough, DJ Eatough, NL Tanner, RL AF Ding, YM Pang, YB Eatough, DJ Eatough, NL Tanner, RL TI High-volume diffusion denuder sampler for the routine monitoring of fine particulate matter: II. Field evaluation of the PC-ROSS SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL SULFATES; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ORGANIC MATERIAL; AIR-POLLUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; EQUILIBRIUM SIZE; NITRIC-ACID; PARTICLES AB The high-volume Brigham Young University organic sampling system with a particle concentrator (PC-BOSS) has been field evaluated for the determination of airborne fine particulate matter including semivolatile chemical species during 3 intensive sampling programs in 1997: Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Lawrence County, TN; Riverside, CA; and Provo, UT. The PC-BOSS precision was tested using 2 collocated PC-BOSS samplers. In addition, the PC-BOSS results were compared with results from a prototype PM2.5 U.S. EPA federal reference method (FRM sampler), a filter pack sampler (quartz and charcoal sorbent filters), the BIG BOSS, an annular denuder sampler, and the ChemSpec sampler for the determination of major fine particulate species. Fine particulate mass, sulfate, nitrate, and organic carbonaceous material (OC) determined by 2 PC-BOSS samplers agreed within +/- 10%. Possibly due to absorption of SO2 by a quartz filter, the sulfate concentrations determined by the filter pack sampler and the BIG BOSS were higher (by 10+/-3%) than concentrations obtained with the other samplers. No absorption of SO2(g) by the quartz filters of the PC-BOSS occurred due to the high efficiency (>99%) of its denuder. The PC-BOSS, annular denuder, and ChemSpec samplers agreed with each other (to within +/-0.5 mug/m(3), +/-17%, with no bias) for the determination of fine particulate nitrate concentrations, including volatilization losses. The prototype PM2.5 FRM sampler collected only particle-retained nonvolatile mass. The mass concentrations determined by the PM2.5 FRM agreed with those collected by the post-denuder Teflon filters of the PC-BOSS (to within +/-1.1 mug/m(3), +/- 10%, with no bias). The overall loss of material from particles and the resultant underestimation of the particulate mass concentrations by the PM2.5 FRM depended on the fine particle composition and the ambient temperature. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84604 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Eatough, DJ (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84604 USA. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 383 EP 396 DI 10.1080/027868202753571214 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 539CU UT WOS:000174852800003 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Tennessen, K Lilley, BG Unnasch, TR AF Lee, JH Tennessen, K Lilley, BG Unnasch, TR TI Simultaneous detection of three mosquito-borne encephalitis viruses (eastern equine, La Crosse, and St. Louis) with a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; St. Louis encephalitis; eastern equine encephalitis; La Crosse encephalitis; arbovirus ID FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB Three mosquito-borne human encephalitis viruses (eastern equine encephalitis virus [EEE], St. Louis encephalitis virus [SLE], and La Crosse encephalitis virus [LAC]) are sympatric in the southeastern United States. However, little is known concerning the temporal and spatial pattern of the distribution of these viruses in this area. As part of surveillance activities to detect the transmission of these 3 viruses in the Tennessee Valley area, we developed a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay capable of detecting these 3 mosquito-borne viruses in a single reaction. Three viruses were differentiated by size of amplified products. Sensitivities of the multiplex RT-PCR assay for SLE, EEE, and LAC were 1-3 log median tissue culture infective doses per pool, roughly comparable to the reported sensitivity of PCR detection assays for the individual viruses, and 1 log more sensitive than antigen-capture assays for SLE and EEE. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was not changed significantly when carried out in the presence of extract: prepared from 50 uninfected mosquitoes. The cost of the assay is estimated at $2.98 per test, similar to the cost of other RT-PCR-based assays for viruses. However, adaptation of the RT-PCR to a multiplex format adds less than $0.01 to the per-unit cost of an RT-PCR assay targeting a single virus species. Analysis of these data suggests that the single-tube multiplex RT-PCR assay represents a sensitive, specific, cost-effective, and rapid method for monitoring activities of the 3 endemic mosquito-borne human encephalitis viruses in mosquito populations in the southeastern United States. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr 2P, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Unnasch, TR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, 1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI49724] NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543UB UT WOS:000175118600004 PM 11998926 ER PT J AU Terry, WW AF Terry, WW TI Hydro automation program improves efficiency and reduces operating expense at TVA SO POWER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Hydro Automat Design, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Terry, WW (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Hydro Automat Design, Chattanooga, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 USA SN 0032-5961 J9 POWER ENG JI Power Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 106 IS 3 BP 54 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 533VV UT WOS:000174551700017 ER PT B AU Grant, I Hoagland, J AF Grant, I Hoagland, J GP IEEE IEEE TI TVA's regenesys energy storage project SO 2002 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Summer Meeting CY JUL 21-25, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP IEEE Power Engn Soc C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. RP Grant, I (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7518-1 PY 2002 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BW77J UT WOS:000183129700077 ER PT B AU Wolfe, MH Nicholas, NS Rose, AK Mays, PA Wojtalik, TA Choate, KD AF Wolfe, MH Nicholas, NS Rose, AK Mays, PA Wojtalik, TA Choate, KD BE GoodrichMahoney, JW Mutrie, DF Guild, CA TI Evaluating native shrub plantings as a control for tall-growing woody tree species in powerline rights-of-way SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN RIGHTS-OF-WAY-MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Environmental Concerns in Rights-of-Way Management CY SEP 09-13, 2000 CL CALGARY, CANADA SP TransCanada, TERA Environ Consultants Ltd, Elect Power Res Inst DE shrubs; planting; ROW; survivorship; riparian; herbicides; competition; woody stems; forest wetlands ID SUCCESSION AB The effectiveness of planted native shrubs as a method for suppressing undesirable tall-growing trees is being evaluated at six recently constructed powerline right-of-way locations in northern Georgia. Three of the sites were formerly forested, and three were a herbaceous/grass/wooded mixture prior to line construction. At each site two shrub spacing treatments (1 x 1 and 2 x 2 m) and a control shrub spacing (1.5 x 1.5 m) of native shrub seedlings were established in a Randomized Complete Block design after an initial site vegetation survey. Shrub plantings were established without the use of herbicides or mechanical site preparation. Survivorship of planted shrubs across all sites declined from 72% in the first growing season to 38% at the end of the third growing season. Results show that in the first growing season after shrub planting the competition from tall-growing woody stems increased dramatically from 4 to 10 fold. In the second growing season, tall-growing woody stem densities on the formerly forested sites (high pre-planting tall-woody stems density) increased an additional 20-40%. On sites with high grass/herbaceous coverage, tall-growing woody stem densities decreased by an average of 20% in the second growing season. Planted shrub spacing treatments so far have not significantly affected the numbers of tall-growing tree seedlings/sprouts after three growing seasons. The effectiveness of shrub plantings may have been further limited by early growing season drought effects on the growth and survival of the planted shrubs. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Norris, TN 38282 USA. RP Wolfe, MH (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, POB 1649, Norris, TN 38282 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-080-44117-3 PY 2002 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BV89B UT WOS:000180304900009 ER PT J AU Browman, MG AF Browman, Michael G. TI Power Production Waste SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Browman, MG (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Haney Bldg 2A,1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 785 EP 800 DI 10.2175/106143002X140602 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA V19IA UT WOS:000208064900016 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ Valente, ML Humes, KL Jones, K Gilbert, J AF Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ Valente, ML Humes, KL Jones, K Gilbert, J TI Impact of the 1998 Central American fires on PM2.5 mass and composition in the southeastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE PM2.5 mass; long distance transport; Central American fires; fine particle standards; potassium tracer of biomass combustion ID TRANSPORT AB The impact of the Central American fires on PM2.5 mass concentration and composition in the Tennessee Valley region during portions of May, 1998, has been quantified. Elevated concentrations of smoke aerosol tracers fine potassium, (and to a lesser extent, calcium and silicon) and, where available, organic and elemental carbon-were observed in the region during times in which satellite imagery (TOMS and GOES-8) showed regional transport of hazy, smoky airmasses from southern Mexico and adjacent areas of Central America. Back-trajectories from network sites in the Tennessee Valley network were consistent with this regional transport. The extent of transport of extra-regional fine particle mass during May, 1998, is discussed relative to the new US fine particle mass-based standards for fine particulate matter. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Chattanooga Hamilton Cty Air Pollut Control Bur, Chattanooga, TN 37407 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 35 IS 36 BP 6539 EP 6547 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00275-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 507VQ UT WOS:000173052300026 ER PT J AU Mays, PA Edwards, GS AF Mays, PA Edwards, GS TI Comparison of heavy metal accumulation in a natural wetland and constructed wetlands receiving acid mine drainage (vol 16, pg 487, 2001) SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Correction C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Mays, PA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 129 Pine Rd, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 18 IS 2 BP 251 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00097-0 PG 2 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 497KX UT WOS:000172455500011 ER PT J AU Harris, DH Spanner, JC Turnbow, ML AF Harris, DH Spanner, JC Turnbow, ML TI Nondestructive testing workforce availability SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 Anacapa Sci Inc, Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA. EPRI NDE Ctr, Charlotte, NC 28262 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Soddy Daisy, TN 37379 USA. RP Harris, DH (reprint author), Anacapa Sci Inc, POB 519, Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1281 EP 1284 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 491LR UT WOS:000172110400003 ER PT J AU Honaker, RQ Ozsever, AV Singh, N Parekh, BK AF Honaker, RQ Ozsever, AV Singh, N Parekh, BK TI Apex water injection for improved hydrocyclone classification efficiency SO MINERALS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE classification; hydrocyclones; modeling; fine particle processing; coal AB Classifying cyclones are a widely used device for achieving ultrafine particle size separations in industrial applications. However, inherent deficiencies include particle density effects in multicomponent suspensions and ultrafine particle short-circuiting to the underflow stream due to hydraulic entrainment. A detailed in-plant test program has been conducted to evaluate the bene its of tangential water injection into the apex portion of a classification cyclone for the removal or minimization of the ultrafine by-pass. Based on models developed using the test results, ultrafine bypass can be reduced by 50% or more while maintaining the same corrected d(50) value through complex manipulation of operating and geometric parameters. In a subsequent test, the by-pass was reduced from 15% to about 7% while maintaining a d(50(c)) value of 26 microns. However, the magnitude of the benefit in by-pass reduction is subject to the geometric parameters of the conventional classifying cyclone. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Min Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. TVA, Paradise Preparat Plant, Drakesboro, KY 42337 USA. RP Honaker, RQ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Min Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-6875 J9 MINER ENG JI Miner. Eng. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 14 IS 11 BP 1445 EP 1457 DI 10.1016/S0892-6875(01)00158-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 499FH UT WOS:000172560000008 ER PT J AU Broder, JD Harris, RA Ranney, JT AF Broder, JD Harris, RA Ranney, JT TI Using MSW and industrial residues as ethanol feedstocks SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 TVA, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. Harris Grp, Proc Dev Team, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Broder, JD (reprint author), TVA, Publ Power Inst, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD OCT PY 2001 VL 42 IS 10 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 484HQ UT WOS:000171684500024 ER PT J AU Nelson, JH AF Nelson, JH TI Discussion of "Shunt capacitor bank series group shorting (CAPS) design and application" SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanoga, TN 37402 USA. RP Nelson, JH (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanoga, TN 37402 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 830 EP 831 DI 10.1109/61.956795 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 481VZ UT WOS:000171542300075 ER PT J AU Luria, M Imhoff, RE Valente, RJ Parkhurst, WJ Tanner, RL AF Luria, M Imhoff, RE Valente, RJ Parkhurst, WJ Tanner, RL TI Rates of conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfate in a scrubbed power plant plume SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SO2 AB The rate of conversion of SO2 to SO42- was re-estimated from measurements made in the plume of the Cumberland power plant, located on the Cumberland River in north-central Tennessee, after installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers for SO, removal in 1994. The ratio of SO2 to NOy emissions into the plume has been reduced to similar to0.1, compared with a prescrubber value of similar to2. To determine whether the SO2 emissions reduction has correspondingly reduced plume-generated particulate SO42- production, we have compared the rates of conversion before and after scrubber installation. The prescrubber estimates were developed from measurements made during the Tennessee Plume Study conducted in the late 1970s. The postscrubber estimates are based upon two series of research flights in the summers of 1998 and 1999. During two of these flights, the Cumberland plume did not mix with adjacent power plant plumes, enabling rate constants for conversion to be estimated from samples taken in the plume at three downwind distances. Dry deposition losses and the fact the fact that SO2 is no longer in large excess compared with SO42- have been taken into account, and an upper limit for the conversion rate constant was re-estimated based on plume excess aerosol volume. The estimated upper limit values are 0.069 hr(-1) and 0.034 hr(-1) for the 1998 and 1999 data, respectively. The 1999 rate is comparable with earlier values for nonscrubbed plumes, and although the 1998 upper limit value is higher than expected, these estimates do not provide strong evidence for deviation from a linear relationship between SO2 emissions and SO42- formation. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Luria, M (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Air Land & Water Sci Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 51 IS 10 BP 1408 EP 1413 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 482WC UT WOS:000171599400007 PM 11686244 ER PT J AU Walmsley, J Carden, M Revenga, C Sagona, F Smith, M AF Walmsley, J Carden, M Revenga, C Sagona, F Smith, M TI Indicators of sustainable development for catchment management in South Africa - Review of indicators from around the world SO WATER SA LA English DT Article AB Indicators are the ideal means by which progress towards sustainable development can be measured. However, most indicator initiatives throughout the world have been aimed at state-of-the-environment reporting, with relatively few aimed at developing sectoral indicators. This paper provides the results of a review to establish trends in the development of indicators that assist in integrated water resource management. Twenty-one organisations from around the world were approached with regard to whether they had developed indicators of sustainable development for catchment management. Of these, only five organisations had developed, or were in the process of developing, indicator sets that were available for review. These included the Fraser Basin Council (Canada), the Murray-Darling Basin Commission (Australia), the Tennessee Valley Authority (USA), the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the World Resources Institute. All of these indicator sets were developed using an issues-based approach. Each indicator set was unique, reflecting the policy, both national and organisational, upon which it had been based. An analysis of these five indicator sets revealed that the most important themes that required information for water resource management at a catchment level, were biodiversity and ecosystem integrity, land-use change, water quality, waste production, water availability and resource use. Common indicators included population growth; community involvement; water availability; water use; water quality trends; soil contamination; non-compliance; species at risk; key species assessment; change in vegetation; agricultural impact; access to recreational opportunities, and ecosystem health. The identification of these themes and common indicators will be useful for the development of indicators for catchment management in South Africa. More importantly, policy frameworks and the physical characteristics of catchment systems in the country need to be taken into account. Additionally, it is recognised that no effective indicator set can be developed without the input of stakeholders. C1 Mzuri Consultants, ZA-0040 Lynnwood Ridge, South Africa. Murray Darling Basin Commiss, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20002 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. Fraser Basin Council, Vancouver, BC V6C 1T2, Canada. RP Walmsley, J (reprint author), Mzuri Consultants, POB 72847, ZA-0040 Lynnwood Ridge, South Africa. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION PI PRETORIA PA PO BOX 824, PRETORIA 0001, SOUTH AFRICA SN 0378-4738 J9 WATER SA JI Water SA PD OCT PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 539 EP 550 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 485KW UT WOS:000171754400015 ER PT J AU Liu, KL Gao, Y Riley, JT Pan, WP Mehta, AK Ho, KK Smith, SR AF Liu, KL Gao, Y Riley, JT Pan, WP Mehta, AK Ho, KK Smith, SR TI An investigation of mercury emission from FBC systems fired with high-chlorine coals SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FLUE-GASES AB Mercury is widely used in industry because of its diverse properties, which makes it an important part of industrial processes and an important ingredient in many products. However, concern over health issues has led to a 75% decline in industrial demand for mercury over the past 11 years. The objective of this project was to study the reduction of mercury emission from coal-fired combustors by using HCl provided by high-chlorine coals to help convert elemental mercury to oxidized mercury at relatively low temperatures (500-600 degreesC). By oxidizing elemental mercury inside a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) system, total mercury emissions can be reduced with high efficiency and low cost while maintaining low emissions of other pollutants. The results of the study indicate that using high-chlorine coal in an FBC system converted more than 99% of elemental mercury to an oxidized state, mainly HgCl2. Without secondary air injection and after cooling the flue gas to 400 degreesC by using a convective heat exchange tube bank, the typical concentration of gas-phase mercury in FBC flue gas was 1500-3000 ng/Nm(3) flue gas. Better results were obtained by using high-chlorine coals and a predetermined ratio of secondary air (secondary/primary air ratio > 0.15). Only 0.5% of the total mercury input was emitted from the combustor in the elemental form. When a high-chlorine coal was used, close to 55% of the total mercury input was found in the solid phase (bed and fly ash). Of the mercury found in the solid phase, almost none was found in the bed ash because of its high surrounding temperature (850 degreesC). The gas-phase mercury, which was around 45% of the total mercury input, was determined to be primarily in the oxidized state (40%. of the total mercury input), while only a small portion (4.5% of total mercury input) still existed as elemental mercury in the flue gas even when a high-chlorine (0.42 wt %) coal was burned without the benefit of secondary air injection. Our experimental results indicate that the combustion temperature and secondary/primary air ratio are two major factors that influence mercury emissions in an FBC system when limestone is used as sorbent. C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Combust Lab, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Illinois Clean Coal Inst, Carterville, IL 62918 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Coal Qual & Combust, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Pan, WP (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Combust Lab, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1180 DI 10.1021/ef010017i PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 477TH UT WOS:000171300000024 ER PT J AU Bradshaw, DT Meyer, EG AF Bradshaw, DT Meyer, EG TI Coal refining: A 21st century technology. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 32-CHED BP U202 EP U202 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690000920 ER PT J AU Schohl, G AF Schohl, G TI Pipeflow 2 for Windows - By J. Tuach, W. Chojnacki, and S. Kulkarni SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Software Review C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Schohl, G (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD AUG PY 2001 VL 127 IS 8 BP 706 EP 706 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2001)127:8(706) PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 455XU UT WOS:000170053700013 ER PT J AU Zagona, EA Fulp, TJ Shane, R Magee, Y Goranflo, HM AF Zagona, EA Fulp, TJ Shane, R Magee, Y Goranflo, HM TI Riverware: A generalized tool for complex reservoir system modeling SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE reservoir management; simulation; optimization; software; water management; water resources planning; models; hydropower; RiverWare ID OPERATIONS AB Water management agencies seek the next generation of modeling tools for planning and operating river basins. Previous site-specific models such as U,S. Bureau of Reclamation's (USBR) Colorado River Simulation System and Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Daily Scheduling Model have become obsolete; however, new models are difficult and expensive to develop and maintain. Previous generalized river basin modeling tools are limited in their ability to represent diverse physical system and operating policy details for a wide range of applications. RiverWard (TM), a new generalized river basin modeling tool, provides a construction kit for developing and running detailed, site-specific models without the need to develop or maintain the supporting software within the water management agency. It includes an extensible library of modeling algorithms, several solvers, and a rich "language" for the expression of operating policy. Its point-and-click graphical interface facilitates model construction and execution, and communication of policies, assumptions and results to others. Applications developed and used by the TVA and the USBR demonstrate that a wide range of operational and planning problems on widely varying basins can be solved using this tool. C1 Univ Colorado, CADSWES, US Bur Reclamat, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, River Syst Operat, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Zagona, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CADSWES, US Bur Reclamat, Campus Box 421, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 30 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 913 EP 929 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05522.x PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 478AX UT WOS:000171321700013 ER PT J AU Sheffield, J Brown, W Garrett, G Hilley, J McCloud, D Ogden, J Shields, T Wagner, L AF Sheffield, J Brown, W Garrett, G Hilley, J McCloud, D Ogden, J Shields, T Wagner, L TI A study of options for the deployment of large fusion power plants SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; fusion; energy ID REACTOR AB One option for making fusion power plants that could be competitive with other power plants operating during the 21st century is to make them large, e.g., 3 GW(electric) or more, to take advantage of the expected economies of scale. This study examines the effects on electrical utility system hardware, operations, and reliability of incorporating such large generating units. In addition, the study evaluates the use of the coproduction of hydrogen to reduce the grid-supplied electricity and offer the possibility for electrical load-following. The estimated additional cost of electricity (COE)for a large powerplant is similar to5 mills/kW .h. The estimated total COE for 3- to 4-GW(electric) fusion power plants lies in the range of 37 to 60 mills/kW .h. Future hydrogen costs from a variety of sources are estimated to lie in the range of 8 to 10 $/GJ, when allowance is made for some increase in natural gas price and for the possible need for greenhouse gas emission limitations. A number of combinations effusion plant and electrolyzer were considered, including hot electrolyzers that use heat from the fusion plant. For the optimum cases, hydrogen produced from off-peak power from a 3- to 4-GW(electric) plant is estimated to have a competitive cost. Of particular interest, the cost would also be competitive if some hydrogen were produced during on-peak electricity cost periods. Thus, for a 4-GW(electric) plant, only up to 3 GW(electric) might be supplied to the grid, and load-following would be possible, which would be a benefit to the utility system. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Energy & Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Duke Engn & Serv, Charlotte, NC 28201 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. Princeton Univ, Ctr Energy & Environm Studies, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Boeing Co, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. RP Sheffield, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB Y, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 1 EP 36 PG 36 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 453DM UT WOS:000169901300002 ER PT J AU Julian, HE Boggs, JM Zheng, CM Feehley, CE AF Julian, HE Boggs, JM Zheng, CM Feehley, CE TI Numerical simulation of a natural gradient tracer experiment for the natural attenuation study: Flow and physical transport SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DUAL-POROSITY MODEL; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MASS-TRANSFER; MACRODISPERSION EXPERIMENT; DISPERSION; SITE; ADSORPTION AB Results are presented for numerical simulations of ground water flow and physical transport associated with a natural gradient tracer experiment conducted within a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer of the Natural Attenuation Study (NATS) site near Columbus, Mississippi. A principal goal of NATS is to evaluate biogeochemical models that predict the rate and extent of natural biodegradation under field conditions. This paper describes the initial phase in the model evaluation process, i.e., calibration of flow and physical transport models that simulate conservative bromide tracer plume evolution during NATS, An initial large-scale flow model (LSM) is developed encompassing the experimental site and surrounding region. This model is subsequently scaled down in telescopic fashion to an intermediate-scale ground water flow model (ISM) covering the tracer-monitoring network, followed by a small-scale transport model (SSM) focused on the small region of hydrocarbon plume migration observed during NATS, The LSM uses inferred depositional features of the site in conjunction with hydraulic conductivity (K) data from aquifer tests and borehole flowmeter tests to establish large-scale K and flow field trends in and around the experimental site. The subsequent ISM incorporates specified flux boundary conditions and large-scale K trends obtained from the calibrated LSM, while preserving small-scale K structure based on some 4000 flowmeter data for solute transport modeling. The configuration of the ISM-predicted potentiometric surface approximates that of the observed surface within a root mean squared error of 0.15 m, The SSM is based on the dual-domain mass-transfer approach. Despite the well-recognized difficulties in modeling solute transport in extremely heterogeneous media as found at the NATS site, the dual-domain model adequately reproduced the observed bromide concentration distributions. Differences in observed and predicted bromide concentration distributions are attributed to aquifer heterogeneity at the decimeter (dm) and smaller scales. The calibrated transport parameters for the SSM (i.e., 1:7 for the ratio of mobile-to-total porosity; 2.5 X 10(-3) day(-1) for the mass-transfer coefficient; 1 m for longitudinal dispersivity; and 0.1 m for transverse dispersivity) are consistent with separate numerical simulations of two earlier tracer experiments at the ate. The multiscale modeling approach adopted in this study permits the incorporation of both large-scale geologic features important for flow simulation and small-scale heterogeneities critical for transport simulation. In addition, the dual-domain transport model provides a foundation for multispecies reactive transport modeling studies of natural attenuation of hydrocarbons during NATS. C1 Tenessee Valley Author Energy Res & Technol Appli, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Geol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Julian, HE (reprint author), Tenessee Valley Author Energy Res & Technol Appli, POB 1649, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RI Zheng, Chunmiao/I-5257-2014 OI Zheng, Chunmiao/0000-0001-5839-1305 NR 46 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 534 EP 545 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02342.x PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 448NK UT WOS:000169632800010 PM 11447854 ER PT J AU Gore, BM AF Gore, BM TI Green laser pointer SO PHOTONICS SPECTRA LA English DT Letter C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Gore, BM (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAURIN PUBL CO INC PI PITTSFIELD PA BERKSHIRE COMMON PO BOX 1146, PITTSFIELD, MA 01202 USA SN 0731-1230 J9 PHOTON SPECTRA JI Photon. Spect. PD MAY PY 2001 VL 35 IS 5 BP 80 EP 80 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 429NT UT WOS:000168524400034 ER PT J AU Shea, C Van Pelt, VJ AF Shea, C Van Pelt, VJ TI Field method for detecting atrazine in soil and water by phytotoxic site-of-action. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Energy Res & Technol Applicat, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM cshea@tva.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 1 PY 2001 VL 221 MA 112-AGRO BP U64 EP U64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 434PH UT WOS:000168824700250 ER PT J AU Elmendorf, F King, L Ingram, M AF Elmendorf, F King, L Ingram, M TI Correlating voltage sags with line faults and lightning SO IEEE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN POWER LA English DT Article C1 TVA, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. Electrotek Concepts Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Elmendorf, F (reprint author), TVA, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0895-0156 J9 IEEE COMPUT APPL POW JI IEEE Comput. Appl. Power PD APR PY 2001 VL 14 IS 2 BP 22 EP 24 DI 10.1109/67.917581 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 418CN UT WOS:000167872300005 ER PT J AU Liu, K Pan, WP Riley, JT Wright, IG Ho, KK Mehta, AK Smith, SR AF Liu, K Pan, WP Riley, JT Wright, IG Ho, KK Mehta, AK Smith, SR TI The effects of ash deposits on high-temperature corrosion of alloys in a fluidized bed combustion system SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE chlorine; deposits; fluidized bed combustion; sulfur AB Five 1,000-h combustion tests firing 5 different coals were conducted in a 0.1-MWth-fluidized bed combustion (FBC) facility at Western Kentucky University (WKU) with the operating conditions simulating those of the FBC unit at the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Shawnee Power Station. Five coals were selected with various S and Cl contents ranging from high S (4.48%) arid high Cl (0.47%) to low S (0.97%) and low Cl (0.012%). Three types of uncooled steel coupons (Types 304 [UNS S30400], 309 [UNS S30900], and 347 [UNS S34700] stainless steel [SS]) were prepared and installed, based on the advice of TVA, to simulate the evaporator tubes in the superheater region (550degreesC to 600degreesC [1,020degreesF to 1,100degreesF]), Metal wastage of each coupon was determined by measuring the thickness before and after each combustion test, In order to Study the relationship between metal corrosion and ash deposits, a total of 170 ash deposits were collected from the test coupon surfaces during the 5,000-h testing and analyzed. The major components in the deposits were Ca-based compounds, with S content similar to10% to 15%, and chloride content similar to0.5% to 5%. It was concluded that the Ca sorbent in the FBC system can capture not only the S but also the chloride effectively, and as a result decrease the gas phase chloride concentration in the FBC system down to a level of < 60 ppm. The concentration is unlikely to have contributed much to corrosion of the metal in the FBC system. Alkali metals (K and Na) were observed only on the surface of the alloys. High S contents were found in the outer part of the deposits and appeared to be associated with Cc and Mg, suggesting that the fly ash may have reacted further after being deposited on the surface of the metal. There was good agreement between locations of high-S concentrations and high-Cr content in the inner layers of the corrosion scale on the samples, indicating that corrosion involved sulfidation attack. S is the major element causing corrosion of the metal. C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Combust Lab, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Illinois Clean Coal Inst, Carterville, IL 62918 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Combust Lab, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD MAR PY 2001 VL 57 IS 3 BP 253 EP 264 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 565EK UT WOS:000176355900006 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Scarbrough, JD Mays, PA AF Kelly, JM Scarbrough, JD Mays, PA TI Hardwood seedling root and nutrient parameters for a model of nutrient uptake SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS; QUERCUS-RUBRA L; FOREST TREES; ACER-RUBRUM; RED OAK; OZONE; SOIL; GROWTH; LENGTH; DYNAMICS AB Use of mechanistic models is an increasingly accepted way to evaluate complex processes. The Barber-Cushman model provides a means to simulate nutrient uptake once information on root system characteristics, nutrient uptake, and soil nutrient supply are developed. Objectives of this study were to determine during a growing season: (i) root growth for 1-yr-old black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) seedlings; (ii) net plant increase in N, P, K, Ca, and Mg; (iii) soil solution and solid phase nutrient concentrations; and (iv) the influence of root growth and soil nutrient supply changes on nutrient uptake using the Barber-Cushman model. Seedlings were grown in pots containing A horizon soil from two forest sites. Measurements were made on five occasions during the growing season. Root growth averaged 41.5 cm d(-1) for red maple compared with 28.0 and 16.7 cm d(-1) for cherry and oak, respectively. Seventy-five percent of root growth occurred at the end of the growing season. Total plant N showed the greatest change (25-58%) due to soil source. Model simulations underestimated observed uptake by 31 to 99%. A clear relationship between soil solution nutrient concentration and plant uptake, an important assumption of the model, was not observed. Results indicate care will need to be exercised in the development and use of root growth and nutrient supply values in mechanistic models. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Forestry, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37838 USA. RP Kelly, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Forestry, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 30 IS 2 BP 427 EP 439 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 445JY UT WOS:000169455400017 PM 11285903 ER PT J AU Eschenback, EA Magee, TH Zagona, E Goranflo, M Shane, R AF Eschenback, EA Magee, TH Zagona, E Goranflo, M Shane, R TI Goal programming decision support system for multiobjective operation of reservoir systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT; MODELS AB Many authors have documented the: minimal use of optimization in practical day-to-day multipurpose reservoir operations. The RiverWare decision support system is a flexible general river basin modeling tool that allows water resources engineers to both simulate and optimize the management of multipurpose reservoir systems for daily operations. This paper describes RiverWare's optimization capabilities and its use by Tennessee Valley Authority operations schedulers. input data requirements include (I) physical and economic characteristics of the system; (2) prioritized policy goals; and (3) parameters for automatic linearization. RiverWare automatically generates and efficiently solves a multiobjective, preemptive linear goal programming formulation of a reservoir system. An advanced feature of RiverWare is that both the physical model of the river basin and the operating policy are defined and easily modified by the modeler through an interactive graphical user interface. Any modifications are automatically incorporated into the linear preemptive goal program. RiverWare's combination of detailed system representation, policy expression flexibility, and computational speed make it suitable for use in routine daily scheduling of large complex multiobjective reservoir systems. C1 Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Adv Decis Support Water & Environm Syst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, River Syst Operat, Knoxville, TN 37918 USA. RP Eschenback, EA (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2001 VL 127 IS 2 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:2(108) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 406TN UT WOS:000167231400005 ER PT J AU Mays, PA Edwards, GS AF Mays, PA Edwards, GS TI Comparison of heavy metal accumulation in a natural wetland and constructed wetlands receiving acid mine drainage SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE constructed wetland; acid mine drainage; metals; NPDES; Typha latifolia; Juncus effusus; Scirpus cyperinus ID TYPHA-LATIFOLIA; SEDIMENTS; TRACE; COAL AB Metal accumulations in sediments and plants of constructed and natural wetlands were compared in two wetlands constructed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for the treatment of acid mine drainage and a natural wetland. Load rates and removal efficiencies of most metals were generally greater in the constructed wetlands than in the natural wetland. There were similar sediment and plant metal concentrations between one constructed wetland and the natural wetland and greater metal concentrations in the sediments and plants in the other constructed wetland compared to the natural wetland. Data indicate that Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, B, and Cr are being accumulated in the plants at all three wetlands, although accumulation of metals by these plants accounts for only a small percentage of the removal of the annual metal load supplied to each wetland. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Mays, PA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 129 Pine Rd, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 28 TC 129 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 487 EP 500 DI 10.1016/S0925-8574(00)00112-9 PG 14 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 397MR UT WOS:000166699900004 ER PT J AU Goetz, SJ Freshwater, D AF Goetz, SJ Freshwater, D TI State-level determinants of entrepreneurship and a preliminary measure of entrepreneurial climate SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POLICY; GROWTH AB State and local governments increasingly look to entrepreneurship as a means of stimulating economic growth. However can the public sector play a role in promoting entrepreneurial activity-and if so, what should that role be ? The authors investigate independent effects of financial and human entrepreneurial capital and ideas on entrepreneurial activity in the 50 states. Financial entrepreneurial capital has an inverse U-shaped relationship with entrepreneurial activity, suggesting there are limits to using increasing amounts of financial capital to stimulate entrepreneurship, all else being equal. The authors rank each stare in terms of predicted and actual entrepreneurial activity scores and propose a preliminary measure of the entrepreneurial "climate " of each state. Although most states are ranked near where casual analysis might place them, the authors find that others have predicted values that differ significantly from actual values. This suggests that climate may be an important factor in stimulating entrepreneurial activity. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Rural Studies Program, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Goetz, SJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0891-2424 J9 ECON DEV Q JI Econ. Dev. Q. PD FEB PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 58 EP 70 DI 10.1177/089124240101500105 PG 13 WC Economics; Planning & Development; Urban Studies SC Business & Economics; Public Administration; Urban Studies GA 394HN UT WOS:000166518100005 ER PT J AU Ellis, FV Sielski, DR Viswanathan, R AF Ellis, FV Sielski, DR Viswanathan, R TI An improved analytical method for life prediction of bolting SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 23-27, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB A research project was conducted to develop and validate an improved analytical life prediction method for high-temperature turbine and valve studs/bolts. The life prediction method used the two-parameter creep equation, an incremental calculation procedure and a stain hardening flow rule. The failure criterion was an accumulated inelastic or creep strain limit of I pel cent. The life prediction procedure recommends the use of the service history of operating temperature, number/stress level of tightenings, cycle ti,ne, etc., to calculate the stress relaxation behavior. Life assessment rises the measured bolt length to calculate the accumulated creep strain. The link between the current condition, i.e., accumulated creep strain, and the remaining creep life, i.e,, time to accumulate I percent strain, is obtained by a prediction of the future creep strain accumulation under the intended loading cycle(s) imposed during future operation. In order to validate the approach, the calculated results were compared to the results of uniaxial stress relaxation testing, bolt model testing, and service experience. The analytical procedure coupled with other industry wide NDE and measurement procedures is expected to provide broad guidelines to utilities for. bolting life assessment. C1 Tordonato Energy Consultants Inc, Chattanooga, TN 37406 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94394 USA. RP Ellis, FV (reprint author), Tordonato Energy Consultants Inc, Chattanooga, TN 37406 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD FEB PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 DI 10.1115/1.1344240 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 412QX UT WOS:000167566800010 ER PT B AU Wastrack, KG Pittman, DE AF Wastrack, KG Pittman, DE GP AMS AMS TI Wind sensor comparison - Ultrasonic versus wind vane/anemometer SO 11TH SYMPOSIUM ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation CY JAN 14-18, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Wastrack, KG (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2001 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV01N UT WOS:000177602400008 ER PT B AU Matthews, ML AF Matthews, ML GP ASQ ASQ TI How to implement feedback & drive improvement SO ASQ'S 55TH ANNUAL QUALITY CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Quality Congress CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NC SP Amer Soc Qual, Int Inst Learning, Nortel Networks, ETQ, MINITAB, Smarter Solut, Achiever, George Grp DE bottom line; information; knowledge AB This paper will explain a method by which any company can take information from feedback reports and other survey, audit and assessment sources and implement improvements into its core businesses, thus driving bottom-line improvements. The strategy expands the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) logic introduced by Dr. Deming into a cutting edge Plan-Do-Knowledge-Act (PDKA) process. The PDKA Model explains how to triumph over key challenges facing organizations intent on becoming world-class. First Challenge: How to make use of organizational information by integrating it together to create a strategic knowledge. Second Challenge: How to organize all of the different forms of information into a manageable framework, a framework that brings order out of the informational chaos. Third Challenge: How to focus equal attention on both your strengths and your weaknesses. While focusing on weaknesses is certainly important, if you neglect to build upon what is working well, your strengths may soon become nothing more than mediocrities. Fourth Challenge: How to develop a decision-making criteria, a criteria based on the key company drivers, and a clear process by which to properly prioritize both your strengths and your weaknesses, instead of trying to do everything at once. The model explains how to convert all information into knowledge, prioritize the knowledge before proceeding to develop action plans, then deploy the solutions to these opportunities into the business. As a result of these type of systematic improvements, world class companies have made significant improvements (an average increase of approximately 99%) to their bottom lines. The proposal walks through in detail the process for actually gaining improvements to any company's bottom line, as well as explaining how this process can be implemented. It high-lights case studies of U.S and European world class organizations (i.e. Milliken Denmark, Ulster Carpet Mills, BI Performance Services, British Telecom, Royal Mail, United Way of America, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Red River Army Depot to name a few) who illustrate the principles of the model. The participants will take from this presentation a real understanding of how to gain knowledge, drive improvements and improve the bottom-line in their organizations. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37377 USA. RP Matthews, ML (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37377 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL PI MILWAUKEE PA 611 E WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA PY 2001 BP 294 EP 298 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BX68J UT WOS:000186110400042 ER PT J AU Imhoff, RE Luria, M Valente, RJ Tanner, RL AF Imhoff, RE Luria, M Valente, RJ Tanner, RL TI NOy removal from the Cumberland Power Plant Plume SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE power plant plume; oxides of nitrogen (NOy); nitric acid (HNO3); sulfur dioxide (SO2); differential loss rate ID UNITED-STATES; RURAL SITE; OZONE AB Airborne measurements were performed in the plume of the Cumberland Power Plant during August 1998 using a highly sensitive SO2 instrument. The measurements confirmed previous suggestions that NOy species are removed from the plume at a faster rate than SO2. The differential removal rate (the difference between loss rate of NOy and that of SO2) was estimated to be 0.06 h(-1). This value implies that the NOy, loss rate is in the range of 0.09-0.14 h(-1). The application of a mathematical argument, based on the convolution integral, enabled improved synchronization of the data from the SO2 and NOy instruments. Examination of the synchronized data revealed that the concentration ratio of SO2 and NOy varies across the plume. Near the source it is higher at the wings of the plume, while in the core of the plume it is similar to the ratio at the release point. Two possible explanations of the observations are discussed: conversion to non-measurable NOy species, and in-plume loss of NOy (as HNO3) via dry deposition. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Div Environm Sci, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Imhoff, RE (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00272-7 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 390YL UT WOS:000166327300016 ER PT S AU Chatterjee, A Wegmann, FJ Jackson, NM Everett, JD Bray, LG AF Chatterjee, A Wegmann, FJ Jackson, NM Everett, JD Bray, LG GP TRB TI Effect of increased truck traffic from Chickamauga lack closure SO MULTIMODAL AND MARINE FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION ISSUES: FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION; MARINE TRANSPORTATION SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB The lock at Chickamauga Dam on the Tennessee River may have to close for various periods for major repair work. Such scheduled or unscheduled closures will disrupt the barge traffic serving many industries located upstream of the dam. Some of the commodities moving on barges will be diverted to trucks, depending on the nature of the closures, and the new truck traffic may result in a variety of effects, or externalities. A method is presented to estimate the effects of increased truck traffic. Delays from traffic congestion and incidents, pavement damage, truck-related accidents, and air pollution are examined, The study was performed for the Tennessee Valley Authority. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Transportat Res, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Navigat & Struct Engn River Operat, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Chatterjee, A (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07224-7 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2001 IS 1763 BP 80 EP 84 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BU63Q UT WOS:000176563000012 ER PT J AU Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH Hanson, PJ AF Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH Hanson, PJ TI Factors controlling the timing of root elongation intensity in a mature upland oak stand SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE fine root growth; minirhizotron; oak; phenology; root elongation; soil water; temperature ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; FINE ROOTS; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS AB We examined the timing of root elongation intensity (REI) - the production of newly elongating roots measured in length per unit soil volume per unit time - in a mature white oak-chestnut oak forest in Tennessee, USA, over a 4-year period. We used a network of minirhizotrons to (1) examine environmental control of soil moisture and temperature over REI, (2) evaluate the control of phenology over REI (3) develop a multivariate regression equation using the variables of soil temperature, soil water potential and phenology to predict REI, and (4) delineate soil water potentials that were optimum for growth. Fifteen minirhizotron tubes were installed on the upper slope of an upland oak stand on Walker Branch Watershed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Measurements of REI were examined over three growing seasons in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile. Composited sets of data on REI, soil water potential, soil temperature and phenology were analyzed to determine the strength of relationships between the latter three variables and REI. There was no statistically significant relationship between REI and soil temperature during the growing season (March-November). The highly significant (p < 0.0001) relationship between soil water potential and REI was best described as log linear, using log(1)0 (-Psi) vs. log(10) (REI). The correlation between a phenology index and REI was also highly significant (p < 0.0001), as the 24 highest REI levels occurred between late April and early August. Whereas soil water potential played a major role in controlling REI, our data indicate that at times phenologically related factors appeared to override environmental variables. The fact that REI generally peaked every year following completion of leaf expansion is congruent with the fixed shoot growth pattern of many temperate-zone deciduous tree species. In an attempt to explain the importance of phenology in controlling REI, we refer to the concept of 'phenological programming'. This concept contrasts with more environmentally determinant explanations of the timing of root growth. Those theories cannot explain either our data or that of others, wherein, during late summer and early autumn, REI does not return to early summer rates, even though soil moisture and temperature conditions are equally, if not more, favorable. The particular type of 'phenological programming' hypothesized in this study may be limited to mature deciduous trees exhibiting a fixed growth pattern of shoot expansion and growing in a temperate climate with a mid-summer drought period. C1 Belowground Forest Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Publ Power Inst, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joslin, JD (reprint author), Belowground Forest Res, 112 Newcrest Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561 NR 43 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 33 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2001 VL 228 IS 2 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.1023/A:1004866705021 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 398VG UT WOS:000166776700005 ER PT B AU Nicoll, RM AF Nicoll, RM GP HPS HPS TI The radiological impact from radioactive contamination that is not readily detectable using beta-sensitive survey devices SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA AB Over 60% of the dry active waste (DAW) generated at a typical commercial reactor can consist of nuclides that are not readily detected using conventional beta-sensitive detectors. This has generic implications for the commercial power industry since the accepted industry practice for releasing radmaterial and personnel is based on beta-sensitive detection. It has been the industry assumption, that as long as a significant quantity of beta-emitting isotopes is present in plant waste streams, the unauthorized release of non beta-emitting contamination is unlikely. A technical basis is presented that can be used to test the validity of this assumption. This article presents a revision and enhancement of methodology previously published by the author (Nicoll 1999). C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. RP Nicoll, RM (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700027 ER PT J AU Behrends, L Houke, L Bailey, E Jansen, P Brown, D AF Behrends, L Houke, L Bailey, E Jansen, P Brown, D TI Reciprocating constructed wetlands for treating industrial, municipal and agricultural wastewater SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control 2000 CY NOV 11-16, 2000 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP Univ Florida Inst Food & Agr Sci, Int Water Assoc, Fl Ctr Environm Studies, Fl Dept Environm Protect, SO Fl Water Management Dist, St Johns River Water Management Dist, USDA, US EPA, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, CH2M Hill, Ecol & Environm Inc DE biochemical oxygen demand; denitrification; nitrification; reciprocating wetlands; total ammonia nitrogen; total phosphorus AB Scientists at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), are continuing to develop and refine an innovative wastewater treatment system referred to as reciprocating subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Reciprocation relates to patented improvements in the design and operation of paired subsurface-flow constructed wetlands, such that contiguous cells are filled and drained on a frequent and recurrent basis. This operating technique turns the entire wetland system into a fixed-film biological reactor, in which it is possible to control redox potential in alternating aerobic and anaerobic zones. Reciprocating systems enable manipulation of wastewater treatment functions by controlling such parameters as hydraulic retention time, frequency of reciprocation, reciprocation cycle time, depth of reciprocation, and size and composition of substrate. These improved wetland technologies have been used for treating municipal/domestic wastewater, high strength animal wastewater, and mixed wastewater streams containing acids, recalcitrant compounds, solvents, antifreeze compounds, heavy metals, explosives, and fertilizer nutrients. Results from selected treatability studies and field demonstrations will be summarized with respect to conceptual design and treatment efficacy. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Behrends, L (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 13 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 44 IS 11-12 BP 399 EP 405 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 504EN UT WOS:000172844500056 PM 11804126 ER PT J AU Jantunen, LMM Bidleman, TF Harner, T Parkhurst, WJ AF Jantunen, LMM Bidleman, TF Harner, T Parkhurst, WJ TI Toxaphene, chlordane, and other organochlorine pesticides in Alabama air SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CHIRAL PESTICIDES; ORGANOHALOGEN PESTICIDES; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; POLYURETHANE FOAM; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FRASER VALLEY; GREAT-LAKES; CONGENERS AB Air samples were collected in Alabama in January-October 1996 and in May 1997, to determine the seasonal variations of toxaphene and other OC pesticides (chlordanes, DDTs, dieldrin, and HCHs). Log partial pressure versus 1/T plots for gamma -HCH, dieldrin, chlordanes, and their metabolites showed significant relationships, whereas those for toxaphene, heptachlor, and p,p'-DDE did not. The chromatographic profile of toxaphene congeners in air and soil showed depletion of certain labile congeners, notably B8-531 and B8-806/809; other persistent congeners (B8-1412 and B9-1679) were enriched in air samples. Concentrations of toxaphene in Alabama air were 6-40 times higher than in the Great Lakes region, and chlordane in Alabama air exceeded Great Lakes concentrations by 3-9-fold. This suggests that transport from the southern U.S. is a continuing source of toxaphene and chlordane to the Great Lakes; Levels of HCHs and dieldrin in Alabama were similar to those in the Great Lakes region. Patterns of 8-chlorinated bornanes in air more closely resemble residues in soil than the technical toxaphene standard. Enantiomer ratios of chlordanes in air were nearly racemic, indicating that their source is probably evaporation from termiticide usage rather than from soils, which contain nonracemic chlordanes. C1 Meteorol Serv Canada, ARQP, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Jantunen, LMM (reprint author), Meteorol Serv Canada, ARQP, 4905 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RI Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011; OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532; Jantunen, Liisa/0000-0003-0261-9539 NR 45 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 24 BP 5097 EP 5105 DI 10.1021/es001197y PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 383NA UT WOS:000165887800006 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL AF Tanner, RL TI Towards a science-based integrated ozone-fine particle control strategy SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE air quality standards; control strategies; fine particles; ozone ID MECHANISM AB Epidemiology studies relating health effects to ambient levels of ozone and fine particles have led to the modification of standards in the United States for these pollutants (substitution of an 8-h standard for ozone at 80 ppbv, and addition of 24-h and annual standards for fine particles). The interrelationships of these pollutants in the atmosphere suggest the need for an integrated, science-based strategy for their control. Secondary ozone formation has been controlled through emission controls on VOC and NOx precursors. Fine particles are secondary products largely resulting from the oxidation of precursors (SO2, NOx, and VOCs). The key intermediates in both types of secondary process are free radical species and the photochemically labile compounds that produce them in the atmosphere. However, due to the complex and nonlinear nature of the processes, reductions in precursors may lead to unexpected changes in ozone and fine particle formation rates. For example, reduction in NOx emissions may reduce ozone and nitric acid levels, but lead also to increased rates of sulfate formation in clouds and increased ammonia availability for neutralization of acidic sulfate aerosols. Reductions of SO2 may reduce aerosol sulfate levels in the summer, but have no effect in other seasons. Reductions in VOCs may reduce ozone levels in urban core areas, but not elsewhere. An integrated, regionally and seasonally specific, emission reduction strategy is needed to cost-effectively reduce both ozone and fine particle levels. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD OCT PY 2000 VL 123 IS 1-4 BP 195 EP 201 DI 10.1023/A:1005246703821 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 364FH UT WOS:000089881000018 ER PT J AU Sikora, FJ Behrends, LL Brodie, GA Taylor, HN AF Sikora, FJ Behrends, LL Brodie, GA Taylor, HN TI Design criteria and required chemistry for removing manganese in acid mine drainage using subsurface flow wetlands SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE manganese; acid mine drainage; subsurface flow wetlands; gravel bed wetlands ID WATER AB Manganese (Mn) is a difficult metal to remove in acid mine drainage because of high pH requirements for oxidation of Mn to form Mn oxide precipitates, However, Mn removal can be quickened in a gravel system providing a large surface area and high pH for Mn oxidation to occur with microbiological mediation. An experiment was designed with 12 gravel bed mesocosms that were 9.8 m(3) X 6.7 m(3) x 0.6 m(3) to determine the best design criteria for optimizing Mn removal. Treatments consisted of two Mn loading rates (1.1 and 2.7 g/m(2).d) and two gravel types (limestone and river gravel) and were replicated three times, Water flowed through the experimental wetlands for 734 days. Manganese removal was more effective in limestone than in river gravel. Manganese removal was not affected by water temperature ranging from 5 to 30 degreesC in either rock material. Manganese removal rates ranged from 100 to 600 m/a in the limestone wetlands and 10 to 60 m/a in the river gravel wetlands. Greater pH in limestone (approximately 6.9) compared with river gravel (approximately 5.5) favored Mn oxide precipitation. Greater pH, coupled with oxidation-reduction potential (redox) values greater than 430 mV in the limestone. resulted in water chemistry near conditions predicting manganite to be the dominant Mn phase. Ideal pH and redox conditions for Mn removal are pH from 6.8 to 7.2 and redox greater than 500 mV. The range of dissolved oxygen (DO) required to remove Mn in the various wetlands ranged from 3 to 5 mg/L, with approximately one-half of the DO loss caused by Mn hydroxide formation and one-half ascribed to biological consumption, The influent DO should be at least 0.35 mg/L for every I mg/L Mn removed. Removal rates for Mn ranged from I to 17 g/m(2).d in limestone and from I to 2 g/m(2).d in river gravel. Limestone is the material of choice for subsurface flow wetlands for Mn removal. Removal rates and required chemistry determined in this study can be used to design subsurface flow wetlands for optimum Mn removal. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. Univ Kentucky, Soil Testing Lab, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Sikora, FJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Soil Testing Lab, 103 Regulatory Sci Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD SEP-OCT PY 2000 VL 72 IS 5 BP 536 EP 544 DI 10.2175/106143000X138111 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 487HV UT WOS:000171869500005 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ AF Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ TI Chemical composition of fine particles in the Tennessee Valley Region SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A&WMA Speciality Conference on Particulate Matter and Health - The Scientific Basis for Regulatory Decision-Making (PM2000) CY JAN 25-28, 2000 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, US EPA, Amer Lung Assoc, Amer Petr Inst, Brigham Young Univ, Calif Air Resources Board, Elect Power Res Inst, Engine Manufacturers Assoc, Hlth Effects Inst, A&WMA, Nevada Sect, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Lab, US DOE, Nat Petr Technol Off ID UNITED-STATES; CARBON; SYSTEM AB Fine particles in the atmosphere have elicited new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) because of their potential role in health effects and visibility-reducing haze. Since April 1997, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) has measured fine particles (PM2.5) in the Tennessee Valley region using prototype Federal Reference Method (FRM) samplers, and results indicate that the new NAAQS annual standard will be difficult to meet in this region. The composition of many of these fine particle samples has been determined using analytical methods for elements, soluble ions, and organic and elemental carbon. The results indicate that about one-third of the measured mass is SO4-2 one-third is organic aerosol, and the remainder is other materials. The fraction of SO4-2 is highest at rural sites and during summer conditions, with greater proportions of organic aerosol in urban areas throughout the year. Additional measurements of fine particle mass and composition have been made to obtain the short-term variability of fine mass as it pertains to human exposure. Measurements to account for semi-volatile constituents of fine mass (nitrates, semi-volatile organics) indicate that the FRM may significantly under-measure organic constituents. The potentially controllable anthropogenic fraction of organic aerosols is still largely unknown. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RI Xiongfei, Zhao/G-7690-2015 NR 11 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2000 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1299 EP 1307 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 350DP UT WOS:000089085700003 PM 11002593 ER PT J AU Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Valente, RJ Luria, M AF Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Valente, RJ Luria, M TI The evolution of particles in the plume from a large coal-fired boiler with flue gas desulfurization SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT A&WMA Speciality Conference on Particulate Matter and Health - The Scientific Basis for Regularoty Decision-Making (PM2000) CY JAN 25-28, 2000 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Air & Waste Management Assoc AB Airborne measurements were made of gaseous and particulate species in the plume of a large coal-fired power plant after flue gas desulfurization (FGD) controls were installed. These measurements were compared with measurements made before the controls were installed. The light scattering and number and volume distributions of plume excess particles were determined by nephelometry and optical particle counting techniques. The plume impact based on optical techniques was much lower than that observed in earlier measurements. Indeed, plume excess volumes as a function of particle size were of the same magnitude as the variability of the background volume distribution. In situ excess plume scattering actually decreased with distance from the source, in contrast to pre-FGD conditions. The upper limit for the dry rate of SO2- to-SO42- conversion was estimated from plume excess volume measurements to be about 4% hr(-1). This is slightly greater than the upper limit, 3.5% hr(-1), estimated by earlier researchers, but the same as that estimated using the present technique with the earlier data. The cross-plume profile of volume suggests SO2-to-SO42- conversion is highest at the plume edges. The greatest benefit of SO2 reduction on plume excess volume and visibility appears to occur far downwind of the source. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Imhoff, RE (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1207 EP 1214 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 339RP UT WOS:000088491900014 PM 10939213 ER PT J AU Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH Hanson, PJ AF Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH Hanson, PJ TI Effects of altered water regimes on forest root systems SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE global climate; drought; root growth; fine-root turnover (FRT); root mortality; upland oaks; carbon allocation ID CO2-INDUCED CLIMATE CHANGE; EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; FINE ROOTS; HARDWOOD FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; PINE AB How ecosystems adapt to climate changes depends in part on how individual trees allocate resources to their components. A review of research using tree seedlings provides some support for the hypothesis that some tree species respond to exposure to drought with increases in root:shoot ratios but little change in total root biomass. Limited research on mature trees over moderately long time periods (2-10 yr), has given mixed results with some studies also providing evidence for increases in root:shoot ratios. The Throughfall Displacement Experiment (TDE) was designed to simulate both an increase and a decrease of 33% in water inputs to a mature deciduous forest over a number of years. Belowground research on TDE was designed to examine four hypothesized responses to long-term decreases in water availability; (1) increases in fine-root biomass, (2) increases in fine root:foliage ratio, (3) altered rates of fine-root turnover (FRT), and (4) depth of rooting. Minirhizotron root elongation data from 1994 to 1998 were examined to evaluate the first three hypotheses. Differences across treatments in net fine-root production (using minirhizotron root elongation observations as indices of biomass production) were small and not significant. Periods of lower root production in the dry treatment were compensated for by higher growth during favorable periods. Although not statistically significant, both the highest production (20 to 60% higher) and mortality (18 to 34 % higher) rates were found in the wet treatment, resulting in the highest index of FRT. After 5 yr, a clear picture of stand fine-root-system response to drought exposure has yet to emerge in this forest ecosystem. Our results provide little support for either an increase in net fine-root production or a shift towards an increasing root:shoot ratio with long-term drought exposure. One possible explanation for higher FRT rates in the wet treatment could be a positive relationship between FRT and nitrogen and other nutrient availability, as treatments hare apparently resulted in increased immobilization of nutrients in the forest floor litter under drier conditions. Such hypotheses point to the continued need to study the interactions of water stress, nutrient availability and carbon-fixation efficiency in future long-term studies. C1 Belowground Forest Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Joslin, JD (reprint author), Belowground Forest Res, 112 Newcrest Lane, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561 NR 59 TC 109 Z9 124 U1 8 U2 62 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUL PY 2000 VL 147 IS 1 BP 117 EP 129 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00692.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 341EK UT WOS:000088577900010 ER PT J AU Smith, GF Nicholas, NS AF Smith, GF Nicholas, NS TI Size- and age-class distributions of Fraser fir following balsam woolly adelgid infestation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY MOUNTAINS; RED SPRUCE; FORESTS; REGENERATION; PATTERNS; WOOD; HOMOPTERA; DYNAMICS; APHID AB Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) has suffered catastrophic mortality throughout most of its native range from an exotic insect, the balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.). To assess the regeneration potential and viability of fir populations, overstory and understory Fraser fir size and age structure were analyzed. The data were collected from thirty-six 400-m(2) permanent plots, stratified into four stand canopy composition types, established near the summits of five mountains in the Great Smoky Mountains. We found that, where canopy mortality was severe, fir advance regeneration was re-entering the overstory. In seriously impacted stands, mortality of large fir and increased recruitment have produced distributions characterized by few large fir and relatively high densities of small fir. Densities of 0- to 10-year-old fir seedlings and fir seedlings less than or equal to 0.25 m tall were much lower in stands dominated by dead fir than in mostly intact fir stands. While the lack of reproducing adults appears to be the main cause, competition with invasive species and higher seedling mortality from environmental factors probably contribute. These results lead to a hypothesis that Fraser fir will undergo a regeneration-mortality cycle with a decrease in the numbers of each successive generation. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Nicholas, NS (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 51 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 6 BP 948 EP 957 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-6-948 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 335XW UT WOS:000088272500011 ER PT J AU Stapleton, RD Sayler, GS Boggs, JM Libelo, EL Stauffer, T Macintyre, WG AF Stapleton, RD Sayler, GS Boggs, JM Libelo, EL Stauffer, T Macintyre, WG TI Changes in subsurface catabolic gene frequencies during natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFER; FUEL SPILLS; IN-SITU; SOIL; DNA; HYBRIDIZATION; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; BIODEGRADATION AB Subsurface hydrocarbon contamination associated with petroleum spills is a widespread occurrence that presents a significant threat to groundwater resources. The natural attenuation test site (NATS) at Columbus Air Force Base, MS, provided a unique opportunity to monitor changes in the molecular microbial ecology as well as stimulation of natural biodegradative processes under transient field study conditions. A large, synthetic jet fuel mixture containing BTEX compounds and naphthalene in a decane carrier was introduced into the subsurface. Over 462 days, a plume of hydrocarbon contamination developed and stabilized at a distance of less than 15 m downgradient from the source area. Exposure of indigenous microorganisms to the contaminant hydrocarbons was evaluated using an array of gene probes targeting common genotypes associated with the aerobic biodegradation of BTEX and naphthalene. Each of the targeted genotypes alkB, nahA, nahH, todC1C2, and xylA showed significant responses to hydrocarbon exposure. Aerobic mineralization potentials of selected contaminants were greater in sediments collected from within the plume relative to uncontaminated areas, suggesting that an aerobic contaminant-degrading community successfully developed within the plume. An increase in aerobic degradation activity coincided with the arrival of the hydrocarbon front within the well field. The Natural Attenuation Study at Columbus AFB successfully linked adaptations of indigenous microorganisms to hydrocarbon exposure during a transient field study. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, TVA Engn Lab, Norris, TN 37828 USA. USAF, Armstrong Lab, AL, EQC, Tyndall AFB, FL 32404 USA. Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Sch Med, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Sayler, GS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM sayler@utk.edu NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 10 BP 1991 EP 1999 DI 10.1021/es990827x PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314RT UT WOS:000087071900018 ER PT J AU Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Imre, D Nunnermacker, LJ Lee, YN Springston, SR Newman, L Weinstein-Lloyd, J Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Meagher, JF AF Daum, PH Kleinman, LI Imre, D Nunnermacker, LJ Lee, YN Springston, SR Newman, L Weinstein-Lloyd, J Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Meagher, JF TI Analysis of O-3 formation during a stagnation episode in central Tennessee in summer 1995 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; OZONE PRODUCTION; REGIONAL OZONE; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; NASHVILLE; TRANSPORT; CHEMISTRY; PEROXIDES; NITROGEN AB O-3 production in the Nashville urban plume during the O-3 episode that occurred on July 11-July 13 1995, is examined to characterize the factors that control the ozone production rate and efficiency, and to examine the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic sources of hydrocarbons to ozone production in the urban center and outlying areas. The analysis focuses on data collected during aircraft flights on July 11 when the Nashville area was sampled more or less continuously from about 1000 to 1800 LT. The instantaneous ozone production rate P(O-3) in the downtown area from late morning through midafternoon on July 11 ranged between 10 and greater than 30 pphv/h depending on location. After 1700 local time, production rates dropped to a few ppbv/h owing to the diminished solar intensity. Instantaneous production efficiencies with respect to NOx in the downtown area ranged between 2.5 and 8, linearly depending on the ratio of the hydrocarbon to NOx, OH reactivity. Integral O-3 production efficiencies corrected for NOz losses ranged between 1.5 and 4, The lowest efficiency was observed in the downtown area in the morning where NOx concentrations were high and hydrocarbon to NOx reactivity ratios were the lowest. Throughout the day, P(O-3) in the downtown area was limited by the availability of hydrocarbons. Anthropogenic hydrocarbons and CO contributed about 66% of the total hydrocarbon OR reactivity in the downtown area. In the mature urban plume downwind of Nashville, P(O-3) dropped to 6-9 ppbv/h at midafternoon and was controlled by the availability of NOx. Integral O-3 production efficiencies in the mature urban plume ranged between 3.5 and 4. When present in large quantities (1-3 ppbv), isoprene significantly increased both the rate and efficiency of ozone production as long as the photochemical system was not strongly NOx-limited. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. SUNY Old Westbury, Dept Chem & Phys, Old Westbury, NY 11586 USA. RP Daum, PH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM phdaum@bnl.gov NR 17 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D7 BP 9107 EP 9119 DI 10.1029/1999JD900350 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306FJ UT WOS:000086586400017 ER PT J AU Luria, M Tanner, RL Imhoff, RE Valente, RJ Bailey, EM Mueller, SF AF Luria, M Tanner, RL Imhoff, RE Valente, RJ Bailey, EM Mueller, SF TI Influence of natural hydrocarbons on ozone formation in an isolated power plant plume SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MIDDLE TENNESSEE OZONE; RURAL SITE; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; NASHVILLE; URBAN; ISOPRENE; MODEL; NOY AB On 4 days during the 1995 Southern Oxidant Study (SOS), air samples were taken in the plume of the Cumberland Power Plant in Tennessee using an instrumented helicopter. On these days a notable difference ill excess ozone in the plumes was observed. Excess ozone varied from 20 ppb on July 7, 1995, up, to 55 ppb on July 16. While the total amount of non-methane VOC was quite similar, significant differences were observed in the levels of reactive hydrocarbons, mostly isoprene. This study examines the parameters that govern both emission rates of isoprene and its dispersion. These include temperature and wind speed on the surface and aloft, total solar radiation, and the height of the mixed layer. The results revealed and computer model simulations confirmed that although differences were not very large, the combinations of all of these parameters favored lower ambient isoprene levels and, consequently, lower ozone production on July 7 and higher production on the 3 other days. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Appl Sci, Div Environm Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Luria, M (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Appl Sci, Div Environm Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2000 VL 105 IS D7 BP 9177 EP 9188 DI 10.1029/1999JD901018 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 306FJ UT WOS:000086586400022 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ Imhoff, RE AF Tanner, RL Parkhurst, WJ Imhoff, RE TI Chemical composition of fine particles in the Tennessee Valley region and its relationship to stationary sources. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TVA Environm Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 13-FUEL BP U673 EP U673 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103645 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL AF Tanner, RL TI Challenge for the new millennium: Devising a science-based integrated ozone/fine particle control strategy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TVA Environm Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 108-ENVR BP U635 EP U635 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103444 ER PT J AU Speidel, HK Lightner, RL Ahmed, I AF Speidel, HK Lightner, RL Ahmed, I TI Biodegradability of new engineered fuels compared to conventional petroleum fuels and alternative fuels in current use SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Sympsoium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP US DOE Off Fuels Dev, US DOE Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, AE Staley, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Techn, BC Int, BF Goodrich, Cargill, Colorado Inst Res Biotechnol, Coors Brewing Co, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Katzen Assoc Int Inc, Nat Resources, Canada, Pure Energy, Raphael Katzen, Tembec DE biodegradation; green fuels; global warming; aerobic biodegradability; anaerobic biodegradability; renewable transportation fuels; biodegradability screening; fuel biodegradability; alternative transportation fuels; biomass derived fuels ID SCREENING-TEST AB Concern with environmental issues such as global climate change has stimulated research into the development of more environmentally friendly technologies and energy sources. One critical area of our economy is liquid transportation fuels. This article presents the results of the biodegradability potential of newly developed engineered fuels and compares the results to the biodegradability of conventional fuels and alternative fuels in current use. Biodegradability potential was determined under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Fuels that have a high degree of components derived from renewable sources proved to have a higher degradability potential than those composed of petroleum components. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Westark Coll, Ft Smith, AR 72903 USA. Pure Energy Corp, World Trade Ctr 1, New York, NY 10048 USA. RP Speidel, HK (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Box 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 84-6 BP 879 EP 897 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 317DR UT WOS:000087211500074 PM 10849844 ER PT J AU Mao, Q Mueller, SF Juang, HMH AF Mao, Q Mueller, SF Juang, HMH TI Quantitative precipitation forecasting for the Tennessee and Cumberland River watersheds using the NCEP regional spectral model SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION AB A limited-area spectral model-the Regional Spectral Model-developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction is used to prepare daily quantitative precipitation forecasts out to 48 h for the Tennessee and Cumberland River basins in the southeastern United States. One year of these forecasts is evaluated against data from a network of 243 rain gauges and against traditional man-machine forecasts provided under contract to Tennessee Valley Authority river system managers. The intent of this study was to determine whether the model forecasts, made at greater spatial resolution than those typically available from other sources, offered any advantages to water resource managers responsible for making critical day-to-day decisions affecting flood control, navigation, and hydropower production. The model's performance, determined using a variety of statistical measures, was found to be more accurate than the traditional forecasts. In particular, the model had less bias and lower root-mean-square error, and was more accurate in the timing of precipitation events. The model's advantage was especially evident in 24-48-h forecasts and for heavy precipitation events. Three specific case studies of model performance are described to illustrate the model's abilities under conditions that could significantly influence river management decisions. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0029:QPFFTT>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288UX UT WOS:000085583800002 ER PT B AU Bradshaw, DT AF Bradshaw, DT GP IEEE IEEE TI The need for reliability and power quality SO 2000 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Summer Meeting CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Power Engn Soc, IEEE C1 TVA, Energy Res & Technol Applicat, Power Delivery Technol, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Bradshaw, DT (reprint author), TVA, Energy Res & Technol Applicat, Power Delivery Technol, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6420-1 PY 2000 BP 1527 EP 1536 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ74M UT WOS:000089398700296 ER PT B AU Bradshaw, DT AF Bradshaw, DT GP IEEE IEEE TI Pumped hydroelectric storage (PHS) and compressed air energy storage (CAES) SO 2000 IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY SUMMER MEETING, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Power-Engineering-Society Summer Meeting CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Power Engn Soc, IEEE C1 TVA, Energy Res & Technol Applicat, Power Delivery Technol, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Bradshaw, DT (reprint author), TVA, Energy Res & Technol Applicat, Power Delivery Technol, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6420-1 PY 2000 BP 1551 EP 1573 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BQ74M UT WOS:000089398700301 ER PT J AU Rollins, M AF Rollins, M TI Cofiring from the TVA public power perspective SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE public power institute; alien fossil plant; Colbert Fossil Plant; economic development; renewable energy AB The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), created by Act of Congress in 1933, has responsibility for generating electricity, providing flood control, and promoting agricultural and industrial development for the Tennessee Valley. In the generation of electricity, TVA initially developed extensive hydroelectric facilities throughout the valley and, subsequently, extensive fossil and nuclear facilities. In the changing regulatory and economic environment associated with electricity generation, TVA has created the Public Power Institute (PPI). The PPI has responsibility for advancing energy generation and pollution reduction; it has responsibility for renewable energy development. In carrying out its renewable energy commitment, the PPI extends the leadership in biomass cofiring started in 1992, with studies and testing performed in cooperation with the Electric Power Research Institute at such locations as the Kingston Fossil Plant and the Alien Fossil Plant. It extends the activities associated with using tire-derived fuel at the Alien Fossil Plant. Through the PPI, TVA will continue to take a leadership role in the development of biomass systems. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, WR RH, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Rollins, M (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, WR RH, 1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2000 VL 19 IS 6 BP 467 EP 468 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(00)00058-1 PG 2 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 386FQ UT WOS:000166050500010 ER PT B AU Hamby, JA Bruce, DA AF Hamby, JA Bruce, DA GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Monitoring and remediation of reservoir rim leakage at TVA's Tims Ford Dam SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB TVA has monitored leakage from the reservoir right rim at its Tims Ford Dam since 1973. In 1995, a significant increase in discharge prompted TVA to initiate a remedial program. This program included investigative drilling, cementitious and polyurethane grouting, and extensive environmental monitoring and increased discharge observations during the grouting. This paper describes the history of the monitoring of reservoir rim leakage; the investigation that was conducted prior to the design and specification of the grouting; and the selection and properties of the cementitious grouts and properties of the polyurethane mixes that were used. Details are provided for the drilling, permeability testing, grouting operations, and verification of the effectiveness of grouting. Monitoring data during the grouting include seepage flow with time and reservoir level, and piezometric records. Current piezometric and discharge data are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the grouting, which was completed in February of 1998. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Dam Safety Instrumentat, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. RP Hamby, JA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Dam Safety Instrumentat, 1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 233 EP 249 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100018 ER PT B AU Cones, MA Peyton, JV Rose, JE AF Cones, MA Peyton, JV Rose, JE GP USCOLD USCOLD TI Replacement of corroded members in tainter spillway gates SO DAM O&M ISSUES - THE CHALLENGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the United-States-Committee-on-Large-Dams CY JUL 10-14, 2000 CL SEATTL, WA SP US Comm Large Dams, Ad Hoc USCOLD Joint Sub Comm O&M Issues AB During the repainting of the tainter spillway gates at TVA's Watts Bar Dam excessive corrosion was identified in the main radial arms (struts), connection bolts, and anchor bolts for several gates. The corrosion was the result of a connection detail which trapped water. Deicing salt from a bridge above the dam probably aggravated the condition. Analyses were performed for the gates to assess the acceptability of the members with reduced cross-section. Thirteen of the gates were found to be only marginally acceptable. A project was initiated to replace the worst corroded members prior to the winter spill season with the remaining gates to be repaired after the conclusion of spilling. Repair of the gates required cutting both upper and lower struts, replacing connection bolts, and installation of new pier anchor bolts. Sections of the struts were replaced and spliced into the gate structure while maintaining the precise alignment of the gates and trunnions. Work required development of special scaffolding and use of a work barge on the spillway apron. C1 Dams Locks & Bridges, TVA Dam Safety, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Cones, MA (reprint author), Dams Locks & Bridges, TVA Dam Safety, 1101 Market St,LP1H, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-16-1 PY 2000 BP 513 EP 530 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BU56F UT WOS:000176360100035 ER PT J AU Patterson, MC Samuelson, L Somers, G Mays, A AF Patterson, MC Samuelson, L Somers, G Mays, A TI Environmental control of stomatal conductance in forest trees of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE red maple; northern red oak; black cherry; scaling; ozone uptake ID QUERCUS-RUBRA L; OZONE UPTAKE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; SEASONAL PATTERNS; PRUNUS-SEROTINA; AMBIENT OZONE; GAS-EXCHANGE; PINUS-TAEDA; SENSITIVITY; SOIL AB To determine if stomatal conductance (g(s)) of forest trees could be predicted from measures of leaf microclimate, diurnal variability in in situ g(s) was measured in black cherry (Prunus serotina), red maple (Acer rubrum), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra). Relative to overstory trees, understory saplings exhibited little diurnal variability in g(s) and ozone uptake. Depending on species and site, up to 30% of diurnal and seasonal variation in g(s) of overstory trees was explained by photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit. Daily maximum g(s) was significantly related to soil moisture in overstory northern red oak and black cherry (R-2 ranged from 33 to 65%). Although g(s) was not fully predicted using instantaneous measures of leaf microclimate, ozone uptake of large forest trees was reduced by low soil moisture. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Samuelson, L (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 110 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00303-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337FX UT WOS:000088347700005 PM 15092837 ER PT J AU Mao, Q Chang, SW Pfeffer, RL AF Mao, Q Chang, SW Pfeffer, RL TI Influence of large-scale initial oceanic mixed layer depth on tropical cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NORTH-PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; CURRENT RESPONSE; HURRICANE; INTENSITY; MODEL AB The influence of spatial variations of the oceanic mixed layer depth (OMLD) on tropical cyclones (TCs) is investigated using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. The model consists of a version of the Naval Research Laboratory limited area weather prediction model coupled to a simple 2 1/2-layer ocean model. Interactions between the TC and the ocean are represented by wind-induced turbulent mixing in the upper ocean and latent and sensible heat fluxes across the air-sea interface. Four numerical experiments are conducted with different spatial variations of the unperturbed OMLD representing idealizations of broad-scale patterns observed in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans during the tropical cyclone season. In each, the coupled model is integrated for 96 h with an atmospheric vortex initially of tropical storm intensity embedded in an easterly mean flow of 5 m s(-1) and located over an oceanic mixed layer that is locally 40 m deep. The numerical solutions reveal that the rate of intensification and final intensity of the TC are sensitive to the initial OMLD distribution, but that the tracks and the gross features of the wind and pressure patterns of the disturbances are not. In every experiment, the sea surface temperature exhibits a maximum induced cooling to the right of the path of the disturbance, as found in previous studies, with magnitudes ranging from 1.6 degrees to 4.1 degreesC, depending on the initial distribution of the mixed layer depth. Consistent with earlier studies, storm-induced near-inertial oscillations of the mixed layer current are found in the wake of the storm. In addition, numerical experiments are conducted to examine sensitivity of a coupled-model simulation to variations of horizontal resolution. Results indicate that the intensity and track of tropical cyclones are quantitatively sensitive to such changes. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. Florida State Univ, Inst Geophys Fluid Dynam, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Mao, Q (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, CEB-2A,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PY 2000 VL 128 IS 12 BP 4058 EP 4070 DI 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)129<4058:IOLSIO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386AQ UT WOS:000166038300008 ER PT B AU Keyser, RL Tippett, DD AF Keyser, RL Tippett, DD GP ASEM ASEM TI A taxonomy of knowledge management imperatives and benefits SO TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT: KEY TO ENTERPRISE SUCCESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st National Conference of the American-Society-for-Engineering-Management CY OCT 04-07, 2000 CL GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Engn Management HO GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV AB The concept of Knowledge Management (KM) emerged in the field of Management Science during the early 1990s. It has recently enjoyed significant interest among management practitioners, consultants, academicians, and researchers, who have many questions related to KM's use, potential, and payback. Numerous books, magazine articles, and web sites have been written and developed around the concept. Each contribution has added to the body of knowledge in the field; however, few fully agree on KM's definition, content, use, or benefits. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis and taxonomy of the KM literature. It identifies the primary categories of KM uses, the imperatives of each category, the benefits being associated with the categories, and the types of industries utilizing each category. This information will assist the continuing research taking place today in the evolving KM field by organizing and documenting the here-to-fore disjointed existing body of knowledge. The resulting taxonomy will also serve as a road map of KM categories, imperatives, and expected benefits for potential users in the KM field. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING MANAGEMT PI ROLLA PA 310 HARRIS HALL, UMR, ROLLA, MO 65401 USA PY 2000 BP 267 EP 275 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BY20J UT WOS:000188242100033 ER PT B AU Behrends, LL AF Behrends, LL BE Means, JL Hinchee, RE TI Reciprocating subsurface-flow wetlands for municpal and on-site wastewater treatment SO WETLANDS & REMEDIATION: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wetlands and Remediation Conference CY NOV 16-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Strateg EnvironmRes & Dev, Morrison Knudsen Corp, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc AB The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), has developed and patented a novel technology for aerating the root zone and rock substrates of subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The technology, referred to as recurrent reciprocation, was retrofitted to a municipal subsurface-flow wetland treatment system in November 1995. Prior to the retrofit, the municipal wastewater treatment system was failing with respect to several NPDES water quality parameters including fecal coliform bacteria counts. Within six months of retrofitting the reciprocating system, water quality and fecal bacteria populations were significantly improved and have continued to improve for the past four years. Data will be presented comparing water quality data prior to and after installation of the recurrent reciprocating technology. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Behrends, LL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. EM llbehrends@tva.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-089-6 PY 2000 BP 179 EP 186 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ66X UT WOS:000089140400024 ER PT B AU Kelley, KR Webb, DH AF Kelley, KR Webb, DH BE Means, JL Hinchee, RE TI Guide to selecting native plants for riparian and wetland restoration SO WETLANDS & REMEDIATION: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wetlands and Remediation Conference CY NOV 16-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Strateg EnvironmRes & Dev, Morrison Knudsen Corp, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc AB Restoration or protection of wetlands and riparian buffers is a major component of water quality protection efforts in the Tennessee River watershed. Selection of native plant species that are adapted to a specific region and site conditions is critical to the success of these efforts. In 1994, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) developed a framework to: (i) compile a database of native plants that can be used to restore or enhance aquatic, wetland, and riparian habitats, and (ii) design an expert system to assist in the selection of plants for specific locations, site conditions, and water-quality objectives. In 1997, TVA published a PC-based guide entitled, Banks & Buffers - A guide to selecting native plants for streambanks and shorelines. The guide contains selected characteristics and environmental tolerances of 117 native plants, over 400 color photographs illustrating habitat and growth form, and a regional listing of more than 400 wholesale and state forestry nurseries. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Kelley, KR (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-089-6 PY 2000 BP 281 EP 288 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ66X UT WOS:000089140400036 ER PT B AU Behrends, LL Houke, L Bailey, E Brown, D AF Behrends, LL Houke, L Bailey, E Brown, D BE Means, JL Hinchee, RE TI Reciprocating subsurface-flow constructed wetlands for treating high-strength aquaculture wastewater SO WETLANDS & REMEDIATION: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wetlands and Remediation Conference CY NOV 16-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Strateg EnvironmRes & Dev, Morrison Knudsen Corp, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc AB A novel two-stage reciprocating wetland was operated over a period of six months to treat wastewater from a pilot-scale intensive tilapia aquaculture operation. High strength wastewater was applied to the system at BOD(5) loading rates in excess of 500 lbs/acre/day. Removal rates for BODS, total nitrogen and total phosphorus averaged 99, 95 and 84 percent respectively. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Behrends, LL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-089-6 PY 2000 BP 317 EP 324 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ66X UT WOS:000089140400041 ER PT B AU Behrends, LL Almond, RA Sikora, FJ Bader, DF AF Behrends, LL Almond, RA Sikora, FJ Bader, DF BE Means, JL Hinchee, RE TI Phytoremediation of explosives-contaminated groundwater using constructed wetlands SO WETLANDS & REMEDIATION: AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Wetlands and Remediation Conference CY NOV 16-17, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP Battelle Mem Inst, US Dept Def, Environm Secur Technol Certificat Program, Strateg EnvironmRes & Dev, Morrison Knudsen Corp, USN, Naval Facilities Engn Command, Parsons Engn Sci Inc AB A demonstration of phytoremediation methods to remediate explosives-contaminated groundwater was conducted at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant, Milan, Tennessee. A gravel-based subsurface wetland and a lagoon-based surface flow wetland were operated during the demonstration. It is concluded that gravel-based wetlands could be used to remediate explosives such as TNT and RDX, where the use of a lagoon system is not recommended. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Behrends, LL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-089-6 PY 2000 BP 375 EP 381 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BQ66X UT WOS:000089140400048 ER PT J AU Chow, JH Glinkowski, MT Murphy, RJ Cease, TW Kosaka, N AF Chow, JH Glinkowski, MT Murphy, RJ Cease, TW Kosaka, N TI Generator and exciter parameter estimation of Fort Patrick Henry Hydro Unit 1 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB This paper describes the techniques employed for extraction of device parameters for a 20MVA hydro-turbine generator in the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power system. Several approaches were implemented in the extraction of parameters. Measurements on the generator were made prior, and subsequent, to extensive rework as part of a generator upgrade project. In addition, static exciter and overall response tests on the complete system were performed after the upgrade. The identified generator parameters before and after the upgrade are compared. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Chow, JH (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8969 J9 IEEE T ENERGY CONVER JI IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. PD DEC PY 1999 VL 14 IS 4 BP 923 EP 929 DI 10.1109/60.815009 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 271HV UT WOS:000084588900013 ER PT J AU Parkhurst, WJ Tanner, RL Weatherford, FP Valente, RJ Meagher, JF AF Parkhurst, WJ Tanner, RL Weatherford, FP Valente, RJ Meagher, JF TI Historic PM2.5/PM10 concentrations in the southeastern United States - Potential implications of the revised particulate matter standard SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; PM(2.5); AEROSOL; PM(10) AB This report summarizes a PM2.5/PM10 particulate matter data set consisting of 861 PM2.5/PM10 sample pairs collected with dichotomous samplers by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) from 1982 to 1991. Eight monitoring stations, ranging from urban-industrial to rural-background, were operated across three east-central U.S. states. Annual average PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 12.6 to 21.3 micrograms per cubic meter (mu g/m(3)), with an overall mean of 15.7 mu g/m(3). Likewise, annual average PM10 concentrations ranged from 17.8 to 33.7 mu g/m(3), with an overall mean of 23.7 mu g/m(3). High summer-low winter seasonality was evident, particularly for PM2.5, with the highest monthly PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in August (26.4 and 37.5 mu g/m(3), respectively) and the lowest in February (9.9 and 15.3 mu g/m(3), respectively). A strong association (r(2) = 0.84) was found between PM2.5 and PM10 mass with PM2.5 mass contributing, on average, 67% of PM10 mass. Applying TVA's PM2.5/PM10 ratio to recent (1993-1995) regional high-volume PM10 Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) data for the east-central United States suggests that as many as 80% of monitored counties would have equaled or exceeded the level of the new annual PM2.5 metric of 15 mu g/m(3). A decline in average PM2.5 mass on the order of 3-5 mu g/m(3) from 1982 through 1991 is also suggested. Daily PM2.5 mass appears to be reasonably well associated (r = 0.47) with maximum hourly ozone during the warmer months (spring through fall). Sulfate compounds comprise a major portion of the measured PM2.5 mass, with that fraction being highest in the summer months. Viewed collectively, these data suggest that although compliance with the annual and 24-hr PM10 and 24-hr PM2.5 metrics should prove readily attainable, the annual PM2.5 metric will present a major regulatory management challenge for much of the east-central United States. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res & Serv, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Hlth Atmosphere Program, Boulder, CO USA. RP Parkhurst, WJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res & Serv, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD SEP PY 1999 VL 49 IS 9 BP 1060 EP 1067 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 240NW UT WOS:000082832900005 ER PT J AU Luria, M Valente, RJ Tanner, RL Gillani, NV Imhoff, RE Mueller, SF Olszyna, KJ Meagher, JF AF Luria, M Valente, RJ Tanner, RL Gillani, NV Imhoff, RE Mueller, SF Olszyna, KJ Meagher, JF TI The evolution of photochemical smog in a power plant plume SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE power plant plume; ozone; nitric acid and nitrate ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE TENNESSEE OZONE; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; RURAL SITE; NASHVILLE; TRANSPORT; URBAN; NOY AB The evolution of photochemical smog in a plant plume was investigated with the aid of an instrumented helicopter. Air samples were taken in the plume of the Cumberland Power Plant, located in central Tennessee, during the afternoon of 16 July 1995 as part of the Southern Oxidants Study-Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study. Twelve cross-wind air sampling traverses were made at six distance groups from 35 to 116 km from the source. During the sampling period the winds were from the west-northwest and the plume drifted towards the city of Nashville TN. Ten of the traverses were made upwind of the city, where the power plant plume was isolated, and two traverses downwind of the city when the plumes were possibly mixed. The results revealed that even six hours after the release, excess ozone production was limited to the edges of the plume. Only when the plume was sufficiently dispersed, but still upwind of Nashville, was excess ozone (up to 109 ppbv, 50-60 ppbv above background levels) produced in the center of the plume. The concentrations image of the plume and a Lagrangian particle model suggests that portions of the power plant plume mixed with the urban plume. The mixed urban power plant plume began to regenerate O-3 that peaked at 120 ppbv at a short distance (15-25 km) downwind of Nashville. Ozone productivity (the ratio of excess O-3 to NOy and NOz) in the isolated plume was significantly lower compared with that found in the city plume. The production of nitrate, a chain termination product, was significantly higher in the power plant plume compared to the mixed plume, indicating shorter chain length of the photochemical smog chain reaction mechanism. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Div Environm Sci, Sch Appl Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 33 IS 18 BP 3023 EP 3036 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00072-2 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194PZ UT WOS:000080203900013 ER PT J AU Browman, MG AF Browman, MG TI Power production waste SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FLY-ASH DISPOSAL; SEASONAL ASSESSMENT; RIVER YAMUNA; SPECTROMETRY; ZEOLITES; IMPACT; DELHI C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Browman, MG (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Haney Bldg 2A,1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD AUG PY 1999 VL 71 IS 5 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.2175/106143099X133848 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 230HZ UT WOS:000082246900025 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Susfalk, RB Brewer, PF Swank, WT AF Johnson, DW Susfalk, RB Brewer, PF Swank, WT TI Simulated effects of reduced sulfur, nitrogen, and base cation deposition on soils and solutions in southern Appalachian forests SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACID DEPOSITION; SURFACE WATERS; CHEMISTRY; SPRUCE; CALCIUM; MODEL; RAIN; PH AB Effects of reduced deposition of N, S, and C-B on nutrient peels. fluxes, soil, and soil solution chemistry a ere simulated for two Appalachian forest ecosystems using the nutrient cycling model. In the extremely acidic, N- and S-saturated red spruce [Picea rubens (Sarg.)] forest (Nolan Divide), reducing C-B deposition by 50% reduced C-B leaching by similar to 40% during the 24-yr simulation period. This was due solely to the effects of Cb deposition on the soil exchanger rather than effects on soil solution. Reducing S and N by 50% caused immediate reductions in total anion and cation leaching at Nolan Divide, but the effects on soil solution C-B diminished and C-B leaching was reduced by only 17% over the simulation period. Reducing 5 and N deposition had a greater effect on soil solution aluminum (Al) and molar Ca/Al ratio than reducing base cation deposition at Nolan Divide. In the moderately acidic, N- and S-accumulating mixed deciduous forest at Coweeta, reduced C-B deposition by 50% caused a,very slight (< 4%) reduction in C-B leaching as a result of slightly reduced base saturation and increased soil sulfate adsorption. The effects on reducing S and N deposition by 50% on C-B leaching (16% over the simulation period) were greater than those of reduced C-B deposition. The system continued to accumulate both S and N even at reduced deposition at Coweeta, although growth and vegetation uptake were slightly reduced (-5%) because of increased N deficiency, Base saturation remained well shove the Al buffering range at all times at Coweeta and Al Has an unimportant component of soil solutions in all scenarios. C1 Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrolog Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1336 EP 1346 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 214UF UT WOS:000081345400037 ER PT J AU Rakes, PL Shute, JR Shute, PW AF Rakes, PL Shute, JR Shute, PW TI Reproductive behavior, captive breeding, and restoration ecology of endangered fishes SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Conservation-Biology CY JUN 07, 1997 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Soc Conservat Biol DE captive reproduction; propagation; recovery; reintroduction; conservation; management; boulder darter; blackside dace; spotfin chub; fractional crevice spawners; egg-clumper; nest associate; Cyprinella monacha; Phoxinus cumberlandensis; Etheostoma wapiti; E-sanguifluum; southeastern United States ID SHINERS AB Species recovery efforts generally focus on in situ actions such as habitat protection. However, captive breeding can also provide critical life history information, as well as helping supplement existing or restoring extirpated populations. We have successfully propagated nine species in captivity, including blackside dace, spotfin chubs, bloodfin darters, and boulder darters. Threatened blackside dace, Phoxinus cumberlandensis, were induced to spawn in laboratory aquaria by exposing them to milt from a reproductively mature male stoneroller, Campostoma anomalum or river chub, Nocomis micropogon. The latter are nest-building minnows, with which Phoxinus may spawn in nature. Eggs are broadcast among gravel and pebbles. Blackside dace individuals reared in captivity were used for translocation. Threatened spotfin chubs, Cyprinella monacha, fractional crevice spawners, deposited eggs in laboratory aquaria in the spaces created between stacks of ceramic tiles. Captively produced spotfin chubs were used as part of a larger stream restoration and fish reintroduction project in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The bloodfin darter, Etheostoma sanguifluum, was first used as a surrogate to develop techniques for spawning a closely related species, the endangered boulder darter, E. wapiti. Both darter species mated in a wedge created between two ceramic tiles. Our efforts have had variable but generally high success, with survival rates of 50-90% of eggs deposited. Captive production of nongame fishes can aid recovery of rare species or populations, aid in watershed restoration, and can help to refine water quality standards. In addition, captive breeding allows discovery of important behavioral or life history characteristics that may constrain reproduction of rare species in altered natural habitats. C1 Conservat Fisheries Inc, Knoxville, TN 37917 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Reg Nat Heritage Project, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Rakes, PL (reprint author), Conservat Fisheries Inc, 3709 N Broadway, Knoxville, TN 37917 USA. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JUN PY 1999 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1023/A:1007531927209 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 217MQ UT WOS:000081503900004 ER PT J AU Norris, WB Mueller, SF Langstaff, JE AF Norris, WB Mueller, SF Langstaff, JE TI Estimates of sulfate deposition in the middle eastern United States: 1975, 1990, and 2010 SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION CHEMISTRY; SIMILAR METEOROLOGY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; DEFINE PERIODS; NORTH-AMERICA; SULFUR; MODEL; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS; REMOVAL AB Deposition of airborne sulfates and nitrates is considered to be an important factor in the decline of certain fish populations and of forest health in the eastern United States. A solution has been sought through legislation that mandates significant reductions in anthropogenic emissions of oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, precursors of sulfates and nitrates. This paper looks at the changes in sulfate deposition in the middle eastern United States from 1975 to 1990 and 2010 due to SO2 emission reductions brought about by 1970, 1977, and 1990 clean-air legislation. Recently developed emission inventories, together with a statistical, long-range transport model, were used to construct the estimates. The results show that sulfate deposition decreased over the middle eastern United States by about 25% between 1975 and 1990 and will decrease another 45% between 1990 and 2010-reductions commensurate with the overall decreases in SO2 emissions. The results further indicate that about half of the sulfur deposited in the environmentally sensitive southern Appalachian Mountains comes from states not a part of the southern Appalachian region. These estimates contain a measure of uncertainty due to uncertainty in emission estimates, the interannual variability of meteorology, and uncertainty arising from model assumptions and choices of oxidation and deposition rates. The model was able to reproduce about 10% of the variability in observations of wet sulfate deposition at over 100 sites over a 12-year period. C1 Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res & Serv, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. EC R Inc, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. RP Norris, WB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1999 VL 49 IS 6 BP 655 EP 668 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203ZA UT WOS:000080737000004 PM 26355371 ER PT J AU Pierson, WR Schorran, DE Fujita, EM Sagebiel, JC Lawson, DR Tanner, RL AF Pierson, WR Schorran, DE Fujita, EM Sagebiel, JC Lawson, DR Tanner, RL TI Assessment of nontailpipe hydrocarbon emissions from motor vehicles SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TUSCARORA MOUNTAIN TUNNELS; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; SOURCE-RECONCILIATION; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROCARBONS; RECEPTOR MODEL; FORT MCHENRY; AIR-QUALITY; INVENTORY; VALIDATION AB This report evaluates tailpipe and nontailpipe hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from light-duty spark-ignition (SI) vehicles. The sources of information were unpublished data sets, generated mainly from 1990 through 1994, on emissions from volunteer fleets of in-use vehicles in chassis dynamometer and sealed housing for evaporative determination tests, and published chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionments of HC in roadway tunnels and in urban air. The nontailpipe emissions evaluated comprise running-loss, hot soak, diurnal emissions, and resting-loss emissions. Relations between pressure and purge test failures and actual nontailpipe emissions were also examined. According to the recruited fleet data, nontailpipe emissions exceed tailpipe HC emissions by a wide margin. This is contradicted by real-world ambient and roadway tunnel CMB results, which attribute 65-93% of motor vehicle non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) to tailpipe emissions, and the balance from the nontailpipe. Running-loss emission rates were critically dependent on driving cycle and conditioning. They decreased steeply with increasing vehicle speed, according to the fleet data. They increased with ambient temperature and fuel Reid vapor pressure (RVP) at rates of similar to 7%/degrees F and 46%/psi. Hot soak, diurnal, and resting-loss emission rates all increased with increasing ambient temperatures, at rates in the range of 2.2-4.6%/degrees F. Hot soak and diurnal emission rates increased with increasing fuel RVP, at rates between 34 and 47%/psi increase in RVP (at 95 degrees F ambient temperature). Vehicle-to-vehicle variation in HC emission rates was very large in all nontailpipe (and tailpipe) emissions categories. For each emission category 10% of the vehicles produced similar to 50% of the emissions. The dirtiest 10% of the vehicles in any one category, however, were not usually the same vehicles as the dirtiest 10% of the vehicles in any other category; the emission rates in any one category were uncorrelated with the emission rates in any other category. High emissions in every category-tailpipe, running loss, hot soak, diurnal, and resting loss-were seen in nearly all model years, including the newest ones, There appears to be a slow (similar to 10-15%/model year) downward trend in average hot soak, diurnal, and resting-loss emissions in successive model years (whether because of improving technology or because of vehicle age-or both-is not known). There was little relation of pressure or purge failure to actual hot soak, diurnal, or resting-loss emissions rates. The paper concludes with recommendations for resolving the two outstanding issues of (1) fleet versus tunnel/ambient and (2) running losses. C1 Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. TVA Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Pierson, WR (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, POB 60220, Reno, NV 89506 USA. NR 95 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD MAY PY 1999 VL 49 IS 5 BP 498 EP 519 PG 22 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 194YN UT WOS:000080222500001 PM 28072305 ER PT J AU Higgins, JM Brock, WG AF Higgins, JM Brock, WG TI Overview of reservoir release improvements at 20 TVA dams SO JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB In 1987, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) authorized a comprehensive review of reservoir operating priorities that had been followed since 1933. The purpose was to ensure optimum operation of the reservoir system, recognizing that needs, demands, and values change over time. The review resulted in a five-year, $50 million program to improve the quantity and quality of releases from 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley. TVA worked with state and federal resource agencies to define minimum flow and dissolved oxygen targets for each tailwater. Facilities and operating procedures were designed and installed to meet the target conditions. This paper describes the facilities, operating procedures, and performance of the reservoir release improvements. Alternative approaches, monitoring requirements, operational problems, and costs are discussed. Results from four years of operation are presented. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Compliance, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Water & Hydro Project, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Higgins, JM (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Compliance, 1101 Market St,CST 17 B-C, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA SN 0733-9402 J9 J ENERG ENG-ASCE JI J. Energy Eng.-ASCE PD APR PY 1999 VL 125 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(1999)125:1(1) PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 204TC UT WOS:000080779400001 ER PT J AU Mao, Q McNider, RT Mueller, SF Juang, HMH AF Mao, Q McNider, RT Mueller, SF Juang, HMH TI An optimal model output calibration algorithm suitable for objective temperature forecasting SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; MAXIMUM TEMPERATURES; LINEAR-REGRESSION; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; CONTEST AB An optimal model output calibration (MOC) algorithm suitable for surface air temperature forecasts is proposed and tested with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Regional Spectral Model (RSM). Differing from existing methodologies and the traditional model output statistics (MOS) technique, the MOC algorithm uses forecasts and observations of the most recent 2-4 weeks to objectively estimate:and adjust the current model forecast errors and make refined predictions. The MOC equation, a multivariate linear regression equation with forecast error being the predictand, objectively screens as many as 30 candidates of predictors and optimally selects no more than 6. The equation varies from day to day and from site to: site. Since it does not rely on long-term statistics of stable model runs, the MOC minimizes the influence of changes in model physics and spatial resolution on the forecast refinement process. Forecast experiments were conducted for six major urban centers in the Tennessee Valley over the period of 27 June to 30:July 1997. Surface air temperature forecasts out to 72 h were produced based upon RSM runs initialized from 0000 UTC observations. Performance of the MOC for minimum and maximum temperature forecasts was assessed by determining mean forecast error (BIAS). mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-square errors (rmse) for both the MOC-adjusted and nonadjusted RSM output. The same statistical measures for Nested Grid Model-MOS forecasts over the experiment period-were also provided for instruction. A skill score was calculated to demonstrate the improvement of refined forecasts with the MOC over the RSM. On average for the six sites, reduction of forecast errors by the MOC ranged from 58% to 98% in BIAS, 40% to 52% in MAE, and 33% to 46% in rmse. It also showed that the error frequencies of the refined forecasts had Gaussian distributions with the peak centered around zero. The error bands were narrower: using the MOC and there Were decreases in large forecast errors, especially during the first 48 h, The Wilcoxon signed-rank lest was performed to verify that populations of the forecast errors before and after the MOC adjustment were statistically far enough apart to be distinct at a high significance level. Forecast experiments were also conducted to address the issue of sensitivity of the MOC by varying the length of the time series used in deriving the MOC equation. It was found that the mean biases of the refined forecasts slightly increased and the MAE and rmse slightly decreased with increasing length of the time series from 2 to 4 weeks. The study demonstrated the usefulness of the MOC for objective temperature forecasting: especially in an operational environment in which changes in model physics and configurations are continually implemented and no long-term stable model runs are readily available to generate MOS forecast guidance. The MOC is also informative for diagnosing and tuning model physics. The study suggests that the MOC may be applied to other weather forecast elements, such as precipitation, Cloud cover, visibility, and wind speed and direction. C1 Univ Alabama, ESSL, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. RP Mao, Q (reprint author), Univ Alabama, ESSL, 977 Explorer Blvd, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 1999 VL 14 IS 2 BP 190 EP 202 DI 10.1175/1520-0434(1999)014<0190:AOMOCA>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 187XH UT WOS:000079813400004 ER PT J AU Jantunen, L Harner, T Wideman, J Bidleman, T Parkhurst, W AF Jantunen, L Harner, T Wideman, J Bidleman, T Parkhurst, W TI Air-water gas exchange of toxaphene and chiral pesticides in Lake Superior. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Atmospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RI Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011 OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 21 PY 1999 VL 217 MA 001-ENVR BP U715 EP U715 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 176JN UT WOS:000079148102212 ER PT J AU Goos, RJ Schimelfenig, JA Bock, BR Johnson, BE AF Goos, RJ Schimelfenig, JA Bock, BR Johnson, BE TI Response of spring wheat to nitrogen fertilizers of different nitrification rates SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM; GROWTH; YIELD; NITRATE; INCREASES; NUTRITION; GRAINS; TIME; FORM AB Hydroponic and greenhouse studies have shown that grain yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are maximized when the N supply contains a mixture of NH4 and NO3. Tillers per plant is the yield component most commonly increased by mixed N nutrition in greenhouse studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate, under field conditions, the response of 'Butte 86' spring wheat to N sources differing greatly in nitrification rate. Nitrogen was applied at 0 or 112 kg N ha(-1); the N sources were calcium nitrate (CN), urea, urea-dicyandiamide (DCD), 0.1-g urea granules, and 0.1-g urea-DCD granules. Six field trials were performed. Topsoil (0-15 cm) analysis of fertilized plots during tillering indicated a wide range of mineral N contents (19-101 mg N kg(-1)) and of NH4:NO3 mole ratios (0.04-2.06). Correlation analyses suggested that tillering was sensitive to the total mineral N supply, but quite insensitive to the NH4:NOB ratio in the topsoil. Vegetative growth and N uptake were generally lower for CN than for the other N sources. At some locations, more heads per square meter at harvest were observed with the slower-nitrifying N sources. Grain yields were increased by N fertilization, but significant differences between N sources were not generally observed. For both years of the study, the 0.1-g urea-DCD granules gave the highest N uptake efficiency. However, the dramatic responses in growth, tillering, or grain yield routinely observed with mixed N nutrition in hydroponic or greenhouse studies could not be duplicated in the field. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Natl Fertilizer & Environm Res Ctr, Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Goos, RJ (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 1999 VL 91 IS 2 BP 287 EP 293 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 220CK UT WOS:000081646800018 ER PT J AU March, PA Fisher, RK AF March, PA Fisher, RK TI It's not easy being green: Environmental technologies enhance conventional hydropower's role in sustainable development SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE dissolved oxygen; fish passage; renewable energy AB Conventional hydroelectric generation uses a renewable energy source and currently supplies similar to 10% of the annual output of electricity in the United States and similar to 20% of electricity generated worldwide. To provide a significant contribution to sustainable development, the hydropower industry must address a variety of environmental concerns, including water quality and fish passage issues. The paper discusses new technologies for turbine design and control systems to improve dissolved oxygen levels in turbine discharges and survival of fish during turbine passage. The paper describes development, testing, and test results for these technologies, with an emphasis on collaboration of stakeholders and balance between environmental stewardship and economical power production. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Voith Hydro Inc, York, PA 17404 USA. RP March, PA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 1999 VL 24 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.173 PG 32 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 280XR UT WOS:000085129500006 ER PT J AU Schock, RN Fulkerson, W Brown, ML San Martin, RL Greene, DL Edmonds, J AF Schock, RN Fulkerson, W Brown, ML San Martin, RL Greene, DL Edmonds, J TI How much is energy research & development worth as insurance? SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE climate change; oil price shock; urban air pollution; energy disruptions ID HEALTH; LOOMS AB In this paper, we estimate the value of energy technology research and development (R&D) as an insurance investment to reduce four risks to the United States. These four risks are (a) the costs of climate stabilization, (b) oil price shocks and cartel pricing, (c) urban air pollution, and (d) other energy disruptions. The total value is estimated conservatively to be >$12 billion/year. However, only about half of this total may be warranted because some R&D is applicable to more than one risk. Nevertheless, the total Department of Energy investment in energy technology R&D [similar to$1.5 billion/year in fiscal year 1999 (FY99)] seems easily justified by its insurance value alone. In fact, a larger investment might be justified, particularly in the areas related to climate change, oil price shock, and urban air pollution. This conclusion appears robust even if the private sector is assumed to be investing a comparable amount relevant to these risks. No additional benefit is credited for the value to the economy and to the competitiveness of the U.S. from better energy technologies that may result from the R&D; only the insurance value for reducing the potential cost of these four risks to society was estimated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Tennessee, Joint Inst Energy & Environm, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Schock, RN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1056-3466 J9 ANNU REV ENERG ENV JI Annu. Rev. Energ. Environ. PY 1999 VL 24 BP 487 EP 512 DI 10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.487 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 280XR UT WOS:000085129500015 ER PT B AU Wagner, CD AF Wagner, CD GP USCLD USCLD TI TVA's Dam Safety Program SO DEALING WITH AGING DAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual USCOLD Meeting and Lecture CY MAY 17-21, 1999 CL SO CO, ATLANTA, GA SP US Comm Large Dams, USCOLD Comm Hydraul Dams, Dam Safety Construct & Rehabilitat HO SO CO C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Wagner, CD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 1101 Mkt St,LP 1H-C, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 SEVENTEENTH STREET, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-14-5 PY 1999 BP 51 EP 55 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BS12D UT WOS:000168728200005 ER PT J AU Harner, T Wideman, JL Jantunen, LMM Bidleman, TF Parkhurst, MJ AF Harner, T Wideman, JL Jantunen, LMM Bidleman, TF Parkhurst, MJ TI Residues of organochlorine pesticides in Alabama soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE organochlorine pesticides; soil residues; toxaphene; DDT; chlordanes; dieldrin ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GREAT-LAKES; DDT; TOXAPHENE; PERSISTENCE AB A survey was made of 36 Alabama agricultural soils to assess residues of formerly used organochlorine pesticides. Compounds determined comprised alpha- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, heptachlor, heptachlor-exo-epoxide, trans- and cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, dieldrin, toxaphene, DDT and DDE. Concentrations varied by several orders of magnitude among farms and appeared to be log-normally distributed. Highest concentrations (ng g(-1) dry soil, arithmetic means) were found for toxaphene (285+/-390) and DDTs (p,p'-DDE, 22.7 +/- 21.4; p,p'-DDT, 24.6 +/- 30.5; o,p'-DDT, 4.00 +/- 5.86; p,p'-DDD, 2.40 +/- 2.41) which were once heavily used in the southern USA. Pesticide residues were not proportional to soil organic carbon content indicating that residue concentrations were a reflection of pesticide application history and dissipation rates rather than air-soil equilibrium Mean ratios of DDT/DDE in six regions of the state ranged from 0.39 to 1.5, and compound ratios for chlordanes and toxaphene were different from those in the technical mixtures. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. Atmospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Harner, T (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. RI Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011; OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532; Jantunen, Liisa/0000-0003-0261-9539 NR 24 TC 128 Z9 182 U1 7 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 106 IS 3 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00110-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 221TC UT WOS:000081741500008 PM 15093028 ER PT J AU Black, WZ Brown, KW Harshe, BL AF Black, WZ Brown, KW Harshe, BL TI Ampacity of cables in trays surrounded with fire barrier material SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE ampacity; cable trays; heat transfer; temperature rise; fire barrier AB A computer program that is capable of calculating the ampacity of cables in a single tray that is surrounded by a fire barrier system is described. The program is used to determine the effect of the fire barrier design on the ampacity of the cables for a wide variety of cable, tray and fire barrier conditions. The calculated ampacity values are compared to values published in the ICEA/NEMA P54-440 resulting in a fire barrier ampacity correction factor. This factor is convenient and simple to use, because it quantitatively shows how much the conductor current must be reduced when the tray is surrounded by fire barrier material. Ampacity correction factors are provided for different fire barrier thicknesses with differing thermal resistivities. The program is also used to perform a sensitivity study so that those conditions which most greatly affect the cable ampacity can be identified. Results predicted by the program are compared to data measured during an extensive experimental test program carried out by TVA. The computer-predicted ampacity values and tray temperatures are shown to compare well with values measured during the test program. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. Consumers Power Co, Jackson, MI USA. RP Black, WZ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 14 IS 1 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1109/61.736672 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 151BJ UT WOS:000077700800002 ER PT S AU Lorek, MJ AF Lorek, MJ BE McBride, AE TI Improvements in plant performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 61 - I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Power Conference, at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Illinois-Institute-of-Technology on Innovation for Economy and Reliability CY 1999 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Sequoyah Nucl Plant, Soddy Daisy, TN 37379 USA. RP Lorek, MJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Sequoyah Nucl Plant, Soddy Daisy, TN 37379 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1999 VL 61 BP 630 EP 635 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02Z UT WOS:000080449600122 ER PT J AU Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH AF Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH TI Disturbances during minirhizotron installation can affect root observation data SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; FINE ROOTS; GROWTH; DEMOGRAPHY; NITROGEN; WATER; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; TREES AB Use of minirhizotrons in forested ecosystems has produced considerable information on production, mortality, distribution, and the phenology of root growth, But installation of minirhizotrons severs roots and disturbs soil, which can cause root proliferation in perennial plants. We compared the magnitude and vertical distribution of root growth observations in a mature hardwood forest during the growing season immediately after minirhizotron installation with observations more than two years later. We also compared the vertical root growth distribution during these two different years with the preinstallation distribution of fine root biomass, Before minirhizotron installation and again two gears later, about 74% of fine root biomass was in the upper 30 cm of soil, but immediately after installation, 98% at the root elongation was in the upper 30 cm, Large differences in the quantity of root elongation were observed across different slope positions in the minirhizotron data from the first growing season (approximately four times greater on the upper slope as the lower slope). Such differences with slope position were not seen in the later minirhizotron data, nor in the preinstallation fine root biomass data. The evidence suggests that the minirhizotron data collected immediately after installation can be biased by disturbance of roots and soil during installation, which result in excessive root proliferation, particularly near the soil surface, Root proliferation appears to be the result of a response to both root pruning and to nutrient release in microsites near the newly installed minirhizotron. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Joslin, JD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, 17 Ridgeway Rd, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 20 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 218 EP 221 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600031 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Mays, PA AF Kelly, JM Mays, PA TI Nutrient supply changes within a growing season in two deciduous forest soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS; DECOMPOSITION; MODEL; ROOTS AB Little information is available on how the indices of nutrient availability used in mechanistic nutrient uptake models might be influenced by the temperature at which the equilibrium soil solution (C-1) is extracted or how this parameter, and the solid-phase nutrient concentration (C-s) might be altered by the progression of the growing season. Objectives of this study were to determine: (i) if the laboratory extraction temperature would influence C-1 estimates, and (ii) the degree of change in C-1 and C-s during the growing season. Soil samples were collected from two forest sites in eastern Tennessee In April, July, and October, Samples were returned to the laboratory and equilibrium soil solution concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N, P, K, Ca, and Mg determined at the average soil temperature (11-18 degrees C) or at laboratory temperature (24 degrees C), Solid-phase (C-s) concentrations were also determined and both values used to calculate the buffer power (b) and the effective diffusion coefficient (D-e), Extraction temperature did not alter C-1 values, All solution nutrient concentrations except P declined by 16 to 99% after the July sample. Increases in P in the A horizon at one site were as high as 100%. Solid-phase nutrient concentrations exhibited declines ranging from 6 to 91% while solid-phase P concentrations increased by up to 40%, Disproportionate changes in the C-1 and C-s values lead to changes in the calculated b and D-e estimates. Results indicate that efforts directed at establishing soil supply parameters needed for mechanistic nutrient uptake models should take into consideration changes that occur in solution and solid-phase nutrient concentrations during the growing season. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Forestry, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Kelly, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Forestry, 253 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jmkelly@iastate.edu NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 226 EP 232 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600033 ER PT J AU Xie, Y Xie, W Pan, WP Riga, A Anderson, K AF Xie, Y Xie, W Pan, WP Riga, A Anderson, K TI A study of ash deposits on the heat exchange tubes using SDT/MS and XRD techniques SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th North American Thermal Analysis Conference CY SEP 07-09, 1997 CL MCLEAN, VIRGINIA DE thermal analysis; ash; FBC AB Four ash samples which were deposited on four different locations in the atmospheric fluidized bed combustor, FBC, system at the TVA Shawnee Steam Plant near Paducah, KY, were employed in the present study. The SDT/MS and XRD techniques were applied to identify the sample composition and the mechanism that form the deposits. The major compound in the deposits from convection pass inlet, superheater and multiclone inlet was CaSO4, and the predominant minor compound was CaO in the samples. Also, CaS was found in the deposits from superheater by XRD analysis. In the case of recycle feed pipes, Ca(OH)(2) and CaCO3 were the major components, and CaSO4 and CaO the predominant minor compound in the deposits. The combined SDT/MS with XRD results are useful techniques for identification of unknown ash samples. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. TechCon Inc, Cleveland, OH 44143 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Paducah, KY 42086 USA. RP Xie, W (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Chem, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD DEC 21 PY 1998 VL 324 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00529-2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 152FX UT WOS:000077766600014 ER PT J AU Olszyna, KJ Parkhurst, WJ Meagher, JF AF Olszyna, KJ Parkhurst, WJ Meagher, JF TI Air chemistry during the 1995 SOS/Nashville intensive determined from level 2 network SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RURAL SITE; OZONE; HNO3 AB Air quality measurements from enhanced ground-based air monitoring stations, that were located at strategic urban, suburban, and rural (regional) locations, were used to determine the factors controlling excess ozone formation in the Nashville area. During the 6 week intensive study period, the daily maximum hourly O-3 concentrations varied from daytime highs of less than 40 ppbv to values exceeding 120 ppbv. The higher O-3 concentrations were observed at the urban and suburban locations, and the highest O-3 value of 138 ppbv was observed at the downtown Nashville station. On 12 days, one or more of the urban and suburban stations exceeded midday; 8-hour mean O-3 concentrations of 80 ppbv in contrast to the single occurrence at the rural stations. The observations that the elevated O-3 concentrations occurred more frequently at the urban and suburban stations during stagnating weather conditions suggest localized production of excess O-3. The comparison of the O-3/NOy ratios to model simulations suggest that the rural and suburban locations are in a NOx sensitive chemistry regime, while the urban location (downtown Nashville) is in a chemistry regime that is sensitive to both NOx and VOC concentrations. The O-3 production efficiency, determined from the slope of the O-3 versus NOz (NOy - NOx), nas found to be similar between the Dickson and Youth suburban stations and the Giles rural/regional station. The segregation of the data by SO2 concentration showed lower O-3 production efficiency for those measurement periods with SO2 concentrations greater than 2 ppbv. The slopes (upper limits of O-3 production efficiency) ranged from 7.7 to 10.6 for the lower SO2 concentrations and from 4.4 to 4.6 for the higher SO2 concentrations. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Olszyna, KJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, POB 1010,CEB 2A, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM kjolszyna@tva.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D23 BP 31143 EP 31153 DI 10.1029/1998JD100038 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 154GM UT WOS:000077880800010 ER PT J AU Riemer, D Pos, W Milne, P Farmer, C Zika, R Apel, E Olszyna, K Kliendienst, T Lonneman, W Bertman, S Shepson, P Starn, T AF Riemer, D Pos, W Milne, P Farmer, C Zika, R Apel, E Olszyna, K Kliendienst, T Lonneman, W Bertman, S Shepson, P Starn, T TI Observations of nonmethane hydrocarbons and oxygenated volatile organic compounds at a rural site in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; GAS-PHASE REACTION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; RESPONSE FACTORS; AIR MASSES; ISOPRENE; TROPOSPHERE; METHACROLEIN AB Measurements of an extensive range of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) including alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics, and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) including alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes were conducted for several weeks during the summer of 1995 as part of the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) at a rural experimental site (Youth, Inc.) 32 km southeast of Nashville, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. These measurements were conducted to (1) determine the absolute magnitude and variability of oxygenated compounds found in a contemporary rural region; (2) assess the importance of the measured ambient levels of OVOCs on a photochemical reactivity basis relative to the more commonly determined NMHCs; and (3) to evaluate our ability to accurately measure oxygenates by the current techniques employed under a field study scenario. Several other physical (temperature, insolation, etc.), meteorological (wind velocity, wind direction, atmospheric structure, and boundary layer height), and chemical (criterion pollutants, NOx, SO2, CO, O-3, etc.) parameters were measured concurrently with the NMHC and OVOC measurements. During the study period, OVOCs were consistently the dominant compounds present, and methanol and acetone had the highest mixing ratios. Although OVOCs made up the majority of the volatile organic compound component on a mass basis, a substantial sink for OH was isoprene and its immediate oxidation products, methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone. In combination with CO and formaldehyde, these compounds comprised about 85% of the observed OH reactivity at the site. Acetaldehyde and methanol were responsible for an additional 10%, with the NMHCs and remaining OVOCs making up the final 5% of the measured OH reactivity at the site. These observed patterns reinforce recent studies which find OVOCs to be an important component of the rural troposphere. C1 NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Atmospher Chem Grp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. US EPA, Natl Environm Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerois, Escola Engn Desa, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Chem, W Chester, PA 19382 USA. RP Riemer, D (reprint author), NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM riemer@acd.ucar.edu RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012 NR 71 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D21 BP 28111 EP 28128 DI 10.1029/98JD02677 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 140GF UT WOS:000077078700010 ER PT J AU Turnbow, ML AF Turnbow, ML TI ASNT position paper on International Standards Development SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Soddy Daisy, TN USA. RP Turnbow, ML (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, POB 2000,STC 11 SQ, Soddy Daisy, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 USA SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 1998 VL 56 IS 10 BP 1188 EP 1189 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 129WC UT WOS:000076486200003 ER PT J AU Meagher, JF Cowling, EB Fehsenfeld, FC Parkhurst, WJ AF Meagher, JF Cowling, EB Fehsenfeld, FC Parkhurst, WJ TI Ozone formation and transport in southeastern United States: Overview of the SOS Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NATURAL HYDROCARBONS; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; NITROGEN-OXIDES; REGIONAL OZONE; PROJECT MISTT; REMOTE SITE; URBAN PLUME; TROPOSPHERE AB The Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) is a public-private partnership collectively engaged, since 1989, in a coordinated program of policy-relevant research to improve scientific and public understanding of tropospheric ozone pollution. In the summers of 1994 and 1995, SOS implemented the Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study. This effort, the second SOS urban intensive study, conducted a series of integrated, process-oriented airborne and surface measurement experiments to better understand the chemistry and meteorology associated with the production, transport, and impact of tropospheric ozone. Specific technical objectives addressed (1) the role of biogenic VOC and NO, emissions on local and regional ozone production, (2) the effect of urban-rural exchange/interchange on local and regional ozone production, (3) sub-grid-scale photochemical and meteorological processes? and (4) the provision of a high-quality chemical and meteorological data set to test and improve observation- and emission-based air quality forecast models. Some of the more significant findings of the 1994-1995 studies include the following: (1) Ozone production in Nashville was found to be close to the transition between NOx-sensitive and VOC-sensitive chemistry. (2) Ozone production efficiency (OPE) in power plant plumes, molecules of ozone formed per molecule of NO, emitted, was found to be inversely proportion to NO, emission rate, with the plants having the greatest NOx, emissions exhibiting the lowest OPE. (3) During stagnant conditions, nighttime winds dominated pollutant transport and represent the major mechanism for transporting urban pollutants to rural areas. Ultimately, results provided by this research will allow improved assessment of existing ozone management strategies and provide better scientific tools for the development of future management strategies. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, MC, REAL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, ERC, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, So Oxidants Study, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Meagher, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, MC, REAL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jmeagher@al.noaa.gov RI Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 NR 56 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22213 EP 22223 DI 10.1029/98JD01693 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400022 ER PT J AU Hubler, G Alvarez, R Daum, P Dennis, R Gillani, N Kleinman, L Luke, W Meagher, J Rider, D Trainer, M Valente, R AF Hubler, G Alvarez, R Daum, P Dennis, R Gillani, N Kleinman, L Luke, W Meagher, J Rider, D Trainer, M Valente, R TI An overview of the airborne activities during the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1995 Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article AB The cause and extent of elevated ozone levels which are often found during summer in the southeastern United States were the focus of the intensive Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study. Six aircraft were extensively instrumented and were deployed in concert during the summer of 1995 from the Nashville Metropolitan Airport. This overview describes the capabilities of the deployed assets, and how their use was managed. Results from the measurements on individual aircraft and their interpretation are contained in the individual papers that follow. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, REAL7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US EPA, NERL, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hubler, G (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, REAL7, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM ghubler@al.noaa.gov RI Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 2 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22245 EP 22259 DI 10.1029/98JD01638 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400024 ER PT J AU Williams, EJ Baumann, K Roberts, JM Bertman, SB Norton, RB Fehsenfeld, FC Springston, SR Nunnermacker, LJ Newman, L Olszyna, K Meagher, J Hartsell, B Edgerton, E Pearson, JR Rodgers, MO AF Williams, EJ Baumann, K Roberts, JM Bertman, SB Norton, RB Fehsenfeld, FC Springston, SR Nunnermacker, LJ Newman, L Olszyna, K Meagher, J Hartsell, B Edgerton, E Pearson, JR Rodgers, MO TI Intercomparison of ground-based NOy measurement techniques SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC REDUCTION TECHNIQUE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ODD-NITROGEN NOY; ORGANIC NITRATES; OZONE PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; COLORADO; BUDGET; SITE C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Environm Res Labs, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Durham, NC 27707 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Air Qual Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Environm Sci & Engn, Durham, NC USA. RP Williams, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Environm Res Labs, 325 Broadway,R-E-AL7, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM eric@al.noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; NR 25 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22261 EP 22280 DI 10.1029/98JD00074 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400025 ER PT J AU Luke, WT Watson, TB Olszyna, KJ Gunter, RL McMillen, RT Wellman, DL Wilkison, SW AF Luke, WT Watson, TB Olszyna, KJ Gunter, RL McMillen, RT Wellman, DL Wilkison, SW TI A comparison of airborne and surface trace gas measurements during the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL NOX DETECTOR; HIGH-SENSITIVITY; NITRIC-ACID AB The NOAA Twin Otter conducted more than a dozen overflights of ground-level air quality monitoring stations during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Project Field Intensive. Surface and aircraft observations of ozone and ozone precursors were examined to identify systematic sampling errors, and to assess the degree to which surface measurements may be considered representative of the larger planetary boundary layer (PBL). Overall agreement between surface and aircraft trace gas measurements was excellent in the well developed mixed layer, especially in rural-regional background air and under stagnant conditions, where surface concentrations change only slowly. On July 2, surface level measurements were representative of the larger mixed layer over distances as far as 70 km in background air, and 30 km in the weakly advected urban plume. Vertical variations in trace gas concentrations were often minimal in the well-mixed PBL, and measurements at the surface always agreed well with aircraft observations up to 460 m above ground level. Under conditions of rapidly varying surface concentrations (e.g., during episodes of power plant plume fumigation and early morning boundary layer development), agreement between surface and aloft is dependent upon the spatial (aircraft) and temporal (ground) averaging intervals used in the comparison. Under these conditions, surface sites may be representative of the PBL only to within a few kilometers. Under clear skies in the well-mixed PBL, regression of aircraft trace gas data collected within 5 km of the ground sites against 15-20 min average surface concentrations centered on the times of the overflights yielded the following relationships: [O-3](aircraft) = ([O-3](surface) x 0.9374) + 4.86 ppbv (r(2)=0.9642); [CO](aircraft) = ([CO](surface) x 0.8914) + 16.4 ppbv (r(2)=0.9673); [SO2](aircraft) = ([SO2](surface) x 0.9414) - 0.069 ppbv (r(2)=0.9945). Although O-3, CO, and SO2 measurements at the surface and aloft generally agreed well, isolated examples of unexplained measurement discrepancies emerged, illustrating the need for side-by-side instrument comparisons. NOY measurements agreed poorly between surface and aircraft: [NOY](aircraft) = ([NOY](surface) X 0.9184) + 4.56 ppbv (r(2) = 0.9188). C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Environm Res Ctr, Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Surface Radiat Res Branch, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Luke, WT (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM winston.luke@noaa.gov RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22317 EP 22337 DI 10.1029/98JD01247 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400028 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL Valente, RJ Meagher, JF AF Tanner, RL Valente, RJ Meagher, JF TI Measuring inorganic nitrate species with short time resolution from an aircraft platform by dual-channel ozone chemiluminescence SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID MEASUREMENT; AMBIENT AIR; PARTICULATE NITRATE; ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; NIWOT-RIDGE; DENUDER; FILTER; NOY; TROPOSPHERE AB A measurement technique for determining nitrate (the sum of nitric acid and particulate nitrate) with a few seconds time resolution in plumes is needed to resolve within-plume features. A technique using dual ozone-chemiluminescent NO detectors with a selective nitrate scrubber in one sampling train is promising if used with an appropriate sampling inlet, and if nitrate is the desired analyte. We report the design of, and preliminary results from a dual channel ozone-chemiluminescent system, each channel containing a gold-CO catalyzed converter which reduces all odd nitrogen species (NOy) quantitatively to NO; one channel also contains a nylon filter to remove nitrate from the air stream prior to the converter (this signal is termed NOy.). This system was deployed successfully in a Bell 205 helicopter during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Ozone Study. The converters were mounted forward near the air intake, and zero air and calibration gases admitted simultaneously to both channels during flight operations. The difference signal between the two channels (NOy-NOy.) indicated apparent nitrate levels in the sampled air with a time resolution of <5 s and a limit of detection of about 1 ppbv. Nitrate levels observed with this system in plumes and background air during the Nashville Ozone Study were highly correlated with ozone and varied from below detection limits to approximate to 20 ppbv. Nitrate levels were also highly correlated with the calculated difference between NOy and the sum of NO and NO2 (NOz). Higher nitrate levels as a fraction of NOz were found in power plant plumes (greater than or equal to 60%) compared with urban plumes (approximate to 50%) and background air, consistent with apparently lower ozone production efficiencies in power plant plumes vis-a-vis urban plumes. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rltanner@tva.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22387 EP 22395 DI 10.1029/98JD00110 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400032 ER PT J AU Starn, TK Shepson, PB Bertman, SB White, JS Splawn, BG Riemer, DD Zika, RG Olszyna, K AF Starn, TK Shepson, PB Bertman, SB White, JS Splawn, BG Riemer, DD Zika, RG Olszyna, K TI Observations of isoprene chemistry and its role in ozone production at a semirural site during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALKYL NITRATES; METHACROLEIN; CONSTANTS AB Isoprene and its oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR), were measured in a semirural en environment that was occasionally heavily impacted by urban emissions. At this site, isoprene was the most important hydrocarbon in terms of k(OH). [hydrocarbon], but the aldehydes HCHO and CH3CHO also appear to be very important. The local isoprene photochemistry appears to be occasionally enhanced in NOx-rich urban plumes that are advected to the site over intermediate forested land. When O-3 was being rapidly produced in urban plumes advected to this forested site, isoprene was found to contribute approximate to 28% of the total ozone production. We observe flat many of the peaks in isoprene oxidation products at this surface site arise from downward mixing of more photochemically processed air aloft, as the nocturnal inversion breaks up in the morning. We estimate that, in the daytime, typically 1-2% of the NOy at this NOx-rich site is composed of isoprene nitrates. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Chem, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49001 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Starn, TK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, 1393 Brown Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pshepson@chem.purdue.edu RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012 NR 21 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22425 EP 22435 DI 10.1029/98JD01279 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400035 ER PT J AU Starn, TK Shepson, PB Bertman, SB Riemer, DD Zika, RG Olszyna, K AF Starn, TK Shepson, PB Bertman, SB Riemer, DD Zika, RG Olszyna, K TI Nighttime isoprene chemistry at an urban-impacted forest site SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; METHYL VINYL KETONE; RATE CONSTANTS; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DIURNAL-VARIATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OH RADICALS; RURAL SITE; NO3 AB Isoprene and its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) were measured over a 4 week period in July of 1995 at a rural/forest site near Nashville, Tennessee, as part of the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) field intensive. High nighttime isoprene mixing ratios, measured during a 3 day period of stagnant high pressure, are reported. These high nighttime isoprene events are interpreted as a result of continuing emission of isoprene into a developing shallow nocturnal boundary layer in the early evening, followed by advective transport under the inversion to the measurement site. During some evenings, there is very rapid decay of isoprene just after sunset. These events occurred when the product [O-3].[NO2] was relatively large, consistent with loss via reaction with NO3. A chemical box model showed that isoprene decays were consistent with the NO3 mechanism but only for relatively high NOx conditions. This study indicates that nighttime processing of isoprene can be important for forested regions susceptible to high-NOx transport events. We also find that this nighttime NO3 chemistry can lead to conditions where, at least at the surface, a significant fraction of the NOy is in the form of organic nitrates that are products of the NO3-isoprene reaction and that the NO3-isoprene reaction can be the dominant NO3 sink. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. W Chester Univ, Dept Chem, W Chester, PA 19380 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Starn, TK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM pshepson@purdue.edu RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012 NR 37 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22437 EP 22447 DI 10.1029/98JD01201 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400036 ER PT J AU Nouaime, G Bertman, SB Seaver, C Elyea, D Huang, H Shepson, PB Starn, TK Riemer, DD Zika, RG Olszyna, K AF Nouaime, G Bertman, SB Seaver, C Elyea, D Huang, H Shepson, PB Starn, TK Riemer, DD Zika, RG Olszyna, K TI Sequential oxidation products from tropospheric isoprene chemistry: MACR and MPAN at a NOx-rich forest environment in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; GAS-PHASE REACTION; METHYL VINYL KETONE; PEROXYPROPIONYL NITRATE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; OZONE; METHACROLEIN; PPN; OH AB Measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) were made during the Southern Oxidants Study 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study at the Youth Inc. Ranch southeast of Nashville from June 29 to July 26. These measurements were made along with those of isoprene and its oxidation products methacrolein (MACR) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), other carbonyl compounds, and supporting measurements. This data set represents the first high-frequency, simultaneous measurements of MPAN and its precursor, MACR as well as PPN and its precursor propanal. The NO, sensitivity of isoprene chemistry can be studied with data from this site because large and widely fluctuating levels of NOx were experienced as a result of the proximity to the Nashville urban center. Mean mixing ratios of PAN, PPN, MPAN, and MACR were 485, 50, 30, and 290 parts per trillion by volume respectively. The mean diurnal cycle of MPAN closely tracks that of MACR and was found to be considerably sharper than the mean diurnal cycles of PAN, PPN, and O-3, showing that MPAN is closely dependent on the availability of MACR. Considerable levels of MPAN and MACR appear to develop at night above a nocturnal boundary layer and are partly responsible for a commonly observed morning increase. Early morning OH reaction with MACR also produces MPAN in the morning. With the high summer temperatures at Youth Inc., the MPAN lifetime is largely determined by thermal decomposition, although OH and O-3 chemistry could substantially reduce the ambient lifetime. Additional loss mechanisms for MPAN and dependence on a single source make MPAN more sensitive to photochemical activity and NOx than is PAN. Unless quickly advected to colder, less photochemically active regions of the atmosphere, the contribution of MPAN to O-3 formation through long-range transport of NOx is likely to be less significant in comparison with PAN and PPN. Its influence is more limited to local O-3 production, so MPAN can be a useful indicator of local-scale, active biogenic photochemistry. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Nouaime, G (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM bertman@wmich.edu RI Shepson, Paul/E-9955-2012 NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22463 EP 22471 DI 10.1029/98JD00320 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400038 ER PT J AU Banta, RM Senff, CJ White, AB Trainer, M McNider, RT Valente, RJ Mayor, SD Alvarez, RJ Hardesty, RM Parrish, D Fehsenfeld, FC AF Banta, RM Senff, CJ White, AB Trainer, M McNider, RT Valente, RJ Mayor, SD Alvarez, RJ Hardesty, RM Parrish, D Fehsenfeld, FC TI Daytime buildup and nighttime transport of urban ozone in the boundary layer during a stagnation episode SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WIND-STRUCTURE; UNITED-STATES; OSCILLATIONS; DISPERSION AB A 3-day period of strong, synoptic-scare stagnation, in which daytime boundary-layer winds were light and variable over the region, occurred in mid July of the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study centered on Nashville, Tennessee. Profiler winds showed light and variable flow throughout the mixed layer during the daytime, but at night in the layer between 100 and 2000 m AGL (which had been occupied by the daytime mixed layer) the winds accelerated to 5-10 m s(-1) as a result of nocturnal decoupling from surface friction, which produced inertial oscillations. In the present study, we investigate the effects of these wind changes on the buildup and transport of ozone (O-3) The primary measurement system used in this study was an airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system that profiled O-3 in the boundary layer as the airplane flew along. Vertical cross sections showed that O-3 concentrations exceeding 120 ppb extended up to nearly 2 km AGL, but that the O-3 hardly moved at all horizontally, instead forming a dome of pollution over or near the city. The analysis concentrates on four meteorological processes that determine the 3-D spatial distribution of O-3 and the interaction between urban and rural pollution: (1) daytime buildup of O-3 over the urban area, (2) the extent of the drift of pollution cloud during the day as it formed, which controls peak O-3 concentrations, (3) nighttime transport by the accelerated winds above the surface, and (4) vertical mixing of pollution layers the next day. Other consequences of very light-wind conditions were intra-regional differences in daytime mixed-layer depth over distances of 50 km or less, and indications of an urban heat-island circulation. C1 NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, ERL, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Alvarez, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, ERL, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM rbanta@etl.noaa.gov RI White, Allen/A-7946-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; NR 20 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22519 EP 22544 DI 10.1029/98JD01020 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400042 ER PT J AU Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Imre, DG Cardelino, C Olszyna, KJ Zika, RG AF Kleinman, LI Daum, PH Imre, DG Cardelino, C Olszyna, KJ Zika, RG TI Trace gas concentrations and emissions in downtown Nashville during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville intensive SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDES; ATLANTA; BASIN AB Continuous measurements of O-3, CO, NOy, and SO2 and twice a day samples of hydrocarbons were made over a 40 day period in June and July 1995 at the downtown Nashville Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) site located on the rooftop of the polk office building, 106 m above ground level, in the urban center. This site experiences elevated concentrations of VOCs, CO, and NOy, due to local emissions from the Nashville urban area. High O-3 concentrations were also observed and are discussed with reference to violations of the existing air quality standard and the much harder task of meeting the proposed 8 hour average standard. A comparison between the VOC measurements made from the Department of Energy G-1 aircraft with those measured downtown indicates a preferential loss of reactive ingredients in the samples taken outside of the city. The concentration ratios, VOC/CO (ppbC/ppb), VOC/NOx (ppbC/ppb), and CO/NOx (ppb/ppb) were calculated to be 0.32, 2.9, and 9.3, respectively, from morning samples. These ratios agree to within 35% with estimates from Nashville emissions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kleinman, LI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kleinman@bnl.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22545 EP 22553 DI 10.1029/98JD00622 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400043 ER PT J AU Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Meagher, JF Daum, PH Hardesty, RM Banta, RM Alvarez, RJ McNider, RT Gillani, NV AF Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Meagher, JF Daum, PH Hardesty, RM Banta, RM Alvarez, RJ McNider, RT Gillani, NV TI Ozone production during an urban air stagnation episode over Nashville, Tennessee SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RURAL SITE; DEPOSITION; ATLANTA AB The highest O-3 levels observed during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study in middle Tennessee occurred during a period of air stagnation from July 11 through July 15. Extensive airborne (two fixed wing and one helicopter) and ground-based measurements of the chemistry and meteorology of this episode near Nashville, Tennessee, are presented. In situ airborne measurements include O-3, NOy, NO, NO2, SO2, CO, nitrate, hydrocarbons, and aldehydes. Airborne LIDAR O-3 measurements are also utilized to map the vertical and horizontal extent of the urban plume. The use of multiple instrumented research aircraft permitted highly detailed mapping of the plume chemistry in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Interactions between the urban Nashville plume (primarily a NOx and hydrocarbon source) and the Gallatin coal-fired power plant plume (primarily a NOx and SO2 source) are also documented, and comparisons of ozone formation in the isolated and mixed urban and power plant plume are presented. The data suggest that during this episode the background air and the edges of the urban plume are NOx sensitive and the core of the urban plume is hydrocarbon sensitive. Under these worst case meteorological conditions, ambient O-3 levels well over the level of the new National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone (80 ppb) were observed over and just downwind of Nashville. For example, on July 12, the boundary layer air upwind of Nashville showed 60 to 70 ppb O-3, while just downwind of the city the urban plume maximum was over 140 ppb O-3. With a revised ozone standard set at 80 ppb (8 hour average) and upwind levels already within 10 or 20 ppb of the standard, only a slight increase in ozone from the urban area will cause difficulty in attaining the standard at monitors near the care of the urban plume during this type of episode. The helicopter mapping and LIDAR aircraft data clearly illustrate that high O-3 levels can occur during stagnation episodes within a few kilometers of and even within the urban area. The extremely light boundary layer winds (1-3 m s(-1)) contributed to the creation of an ozone dome or blob which stayed very near to the city rather than an elongated plume. The small spatial scale of the zone of high O-3 concentrations is mapped in detail demonstrating that the regulatory monitoring network failed to document the maximum O-3 concentrations. Modelers using such regulatory data to test photochemical algorithms need to bear in mind that magnitude and frequency of urban ozone may be underestimated by monitoring networks, especially in medium-sized urban areas under slow transport conditions. Finally, this effort shows the value of collaborative field measurements from multiple platforms in developing a more complete picture of the chemistry and transport of photochemical O-3. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Valente, RJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, CEB2A,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM rjvalente@tva.gov RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22555 EP 22568 DI 10.1029/98JD01641 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400044 ER PT J AU Gillani, NV Luria, M Valente, RJ Tanner, RL Imhoff, RE Meagher, JF AF Gillani, NV Luria, M Valente, RJ Tanner, RL Imhoff, RE Meagher, JF TI Loss rate of NOy from a power plant plume based on aircraft measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RURAL SITE; OZONE AB This study was motivated by the recent work of Buhr et al. [1996] which reported losses of NOy from large power plant plumes as high as 0.25 hour(-1), much higher than generally accepted values. If true, conclusions pertaining to the efficiency of ozone and nitrate production in the lower troposphere would need major revisions. The results of Buhr et al, were based on aircraft measurements in four TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) power plant plumes on July 7, 1995, as part of the Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study, a measurement program of the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS), whereas the results reported in this paper are also based on measurements made ire the same SOS study aboard another instrumented aircraft (the TVA helicopter), in plumes of one of these power plants (the Cumberland Steam Plant in northwestern Tennessee) during five different days in 1994 and 1995. Between the 1994 and 1995 sampling periods, emissions of SO2 at the Cumberland plant were reduced bat nearly 95% by installation of scrubbers. Our data from the one 1994 day show that the ratio of excess SO2 to NOy in the plume core increased significantly with plume age, indicating a potentially high differential loss rate of NOy (excess loss of NOy relative to SO2) of about 0.12 hour(-1). However, results based on the larger 1995 data set indicate a low differential NOy loss rate of only 0.00 +/- 0.03 hour(-1), consistent with accepted low loss rates. Because the SOS-Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study was not specifically designed to explore the NOy loss issue, the question of NOy loss rates in plumes is not currently resolved and additional focused field studies are needed. C1 Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. TVA, Environm Res Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Appl Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Gillani, NV (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM gillani@atmos.uah.edu NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22585 EP 22592 DI 10.1029/98JD01640 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400046 ER PT J AU Gillani, NV Meagher, JF Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Luria, M AF Gillani, NV Meagher, JF Valente, RJ Imhoff, RE Tanner, RL Luria, M TI Relative production of ozone and nitrates in urban and rural power plant plumes 1. Composite results based on data from 10 field measurement days SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERE; SITE AB A rather limited number of large power plants are responsible for about 2/3 and 1/3 of the U.S. anthropogenic emissions of SO2 and NOx, respectively. Considerable uncertainty continues to prevail about the local and regional impact of their potentially harmful secondary products (e.g., ozone, sulfates, nitrates). We have analyzed state-of-the-art data of the Southern Oxidant Study (SOS)-Nashville Field Study (1994, 1995) for 10 days of summer daytime field measurements by instrumented aircraft in the plumes of three large, tall-stack, base-load, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) coal-fired power plants in northwestern Tennessee: Gallatin (G), located within the Nashville urban ozone nonattainment area, and Cumberland (C) and Johnsonville (JV) in rural isoprene-rich forested areas about 100 km to the west of Nashville. The average 1995 emissions of NOx from these three sources ranged over more than an order of magnitude. In this paper, we have explored plume chemical evolution and the magnitude, efficiency, and yield of ozone and NOz (NOz oxidation products, mostly inorganic and organic nitrates) production in a broad variety of plume transport and chemistry scenarios within the convective boundary layer (CBL) in rural and urban settings. The results show that(I) plume chemical maturity and peak production capacities of ozone and NOz were realized quite close to the sources, within 30-40 km and 4 hours of daytime transport for Gallatin (smallest NOx emission rate, Q(NOx), and suburban environment) and typically within 100 km and 6 hours of CBL transport for Cumberland (highest Q(NOx) and rural environment rich in isoprene); (2) the ozone impact of Gallatin on Nashville can exceed that of Cumberland, and under favorable transport and chemical conditions, both power plants can contribute as much as 50 ppb of excess ozone to the urban area, raising local peak levels well in excess of 100 ppb; (3) an estimated 3.1 +/- 0.7 molecules of ozone and more than 0.6 molecules of NOz may be produced in large isolated rural power plant plumes (PPPs) per molecule of NOz release, and the corresponding peak yields of ozone and NOz may be significantly greater in urban PPPs; (4) the rate of NOz production approximate to 10-15% h(-1) in isolated rural PPPs, and higher in urban PPPs; (5) NOz production is favored in all PPPs at first when the chemistry is VOC-limited: later, with increasing VOC ingestion from the background, the chemistry increasingly favors NOx-limited ozone production, starting at plume edges, and ultimately throughout the diluted plume. These results have major implications on outstanding issues related to the environmental impact and regulatory control of electric utility industry NOx emissions. C1 Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. TVA, Environm Res Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Sch Appl Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Gillani, NV (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Earth Syst Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM gillani@atmos.uah.edu NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D17 BP 22593 EP 22615 DI 10.1029/98JD00966 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120WM UT WOS:000075980400047 ER PT J AU Luxmoore, RJ Hanson, PJ Beauchamp, JJ Joslin, JD AF Luxmoore, RJ Hanson, PJ Beauchamp, JJ Joslin, JD TI Passive nighttime warming facility for forest ecosystem research SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Forests at the Limit - Environmental Constraints on Forest Function CY MAY 11-17, 1997 CL SKUKUZA, SOUTH AFRICA SP Council Sci & Ind Res, Int Union Forest Res Org DE carbon dioxide; decomposition; forest ecosystem manipulation; infrared reflection; mineralization; respiration; temperature; tree growth ID SOIL-NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; UPLAND OAK FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE-RANGE; IMPACT ASSESSMENT; CO2 ENRICHMENT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RESPIRATION; GROWTH; SPRUCE AB A nighttime warming experiment is proposed. Over the last four decades a significant rise in nighttime mini mum temperature has been determined from analysis of meteorological records from a global distribution of locations. The experiment involves nighttime deployment of infrared (IR) reflecting curtains around four sides of a forest canopy and across the top of the forest to mimic the top-down warming effect of cloud cover. The curtains are deployed with cable and pulley systems mounted on a tower and scaffolding structure built around the selected forest site. The trunk space is not enclosed except as an optional manipulation. The curtains reflect long-wave radiation emitted from the forest and ground back into the forest warming the trees, litter, and soil. Excellent infrared reflection can be obtained with commercially available fabrics that have aluminum foil bonded to one side. A canopy warming of 3 to 5 degrees C is expected on cloudless nights, and on cloudy nights, a warming of 1 to 3 degrees C is anticipated relative to a control plot. The curtains are withdrawn by computer control during the day and also at night during periods with precipitation or excessive wind. Examples of hypothesized ecosystem responses to nighttime warming include: (1) increase in tree maintenance respiration (decreasing carbon reserves and ultimately tree growth), (2) increase in the length of the growing season (increasing growth), (3) increase in soil respiration, (4) increase in litter decomposition, (5) increase in mineralization of N and other nutrients from soil organic matter, (6) increase in nutrient uptake (increasing growth), and (7) increase in N immobilization in litter. Hypothesis 1 has the opposite consequence for tree growth to Hypotheses 2 and 6, and thus opposite consequences for the feedback regulation that vegetation has on net greenhouse gas releases to the atmosphere. If Hypothesis 1 is dominant, warming could lead to more warming from the additional CO2 emissions. Site-specific meteorological, ecophysiological. and phenological measurements are obtained in the warming treatment and in a carefully selected control plot to investigate site-specific hypotheses, Measurements made on both plots for a baseline period and during the period of curtain deployment provide data to test the hypotheses statistically by the "before-after-control-impact" method applicable to unreplicated experiments. The enclosure has a modular design that can be adapted and combined with other forest-scale manipulation experiments such as free air CO2 enrichment and throughfall displacement. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Luxmoore, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1998 VL 18 IS 8-9 BP 615 EP 623 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 113XY UT WOS:000075580200017 ER PT J AU Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH AF Joslin, JD Wolfe, MH TI Impacts of water input manipulations on fine root production and mortality in a mature hardwood forest SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE drought; fine root production; minirhizotron; root mortality ID ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN; GROWTH; SOIL; ECOSYSTEMS; MINIRHIZOTRONS; DEMOGRAPHY; SEEDLINGS; TURNOVER AB In order to examine the below ground response of a mature upland hardwood forest in the southeastern U.S., to increases and decreases in water inputs, the gross production, mortality, and net production of fine roots were examined over the first and third years of a long-term water manipulation experiment (Throughfall Displacement Experiment). Treatments involved a 33% decrease (DRY), 33% increase (WET), and ambient (AMB) levels of throughfall to the forest floor, begun in July, 1993. Video images of roots appearing on minirhizotron faces installed on both upper and lower slopes were recorded biweekly to a depth of 90 cm from April through October of 1994 and of 1996. Comparisons were made between treatments in amounts of new root elongation, root mortality, and calculated net root production. Minirhizotron observations during 1994 growing season, immediately following winter 1994 installation, revealed a strong effect of installation disturbance and were therefore not considered valid reflections of the response of the stand to the treatments. The 1996 data, on the other hand, exhibited absence of installation biases inherent in 1994 data because of a longer period since treatment initiation (2 2/3 yr vs. 8 mths), and favorable root growth conditions in all treatments during a greater portion of the year. The 1996 data were, therefore, considered realistic measures of below ground treatment responses. During 1996, net root production at 0-30 cm depth, at the upper slope positions, was significantly greater in DRY than in WET and AMB. Net root production was also greater at the lower slope position, but not significantly so. Treatment differences were the result of gross root production, as patterns of mortality did not differ across treatments. Nor were there significant treatment differences at depths below 30 cm. Whether trees in DRY produced more roots to replace root biomass lost during a previous drought year, or whether a new root:shoot ratio was beginning to develop in response to treatments, will require observations from the response of the stand in future years to be determined. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Joslin, JD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Atmospher Sci & Environm Assessments, 17 Ridgeway Rd, Norris, TN 37828 USA. EM jdjoslin@tva.gov NR 32 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUL PY 1998 VL 204 IS 2 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1023/A:1004352008490 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 170JZ UT WOS:000078803700002 ER PT J AU Kelting, DL Burger, JA Edwards, GS AF Kelting, DL Burger, JA Edwards, GS TI Estimating root respiration, microbial respiration in the rhizosphere, and root-free soil respiration in forest soils SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD FOREST; RED OAK; SYSTEMS; LITTER; TREE; CO2; TEMPERATURE; ALLOCATION; EVOLUTION; SEEDLINGS AB We hypothesized that respiration measurements made using both the basal and excised-root respiration methods would allow us to quantify three important components of soil respiration: root respiration (R-root), microbial respiration in the rhizosphere (R-rhizo), and root-free soil respiration (R-rfs). Root respiration determined by the basal method was approximately one-third greater than root respiration determined by the excised-root method (52 versus 32% of total soil respiration, respectively). Results from a decomposition model constructed for the root C fractions (easily decomposable, slowly decomposable, and recalcitrant) showed that the easily and slowly decomposable C fractions disappeared approximately 3 months after the basal respiration measurements began. Since these C fractions contained the majority of the C source for rhizosphere microorganisms (i.e. rhizodeposition), microbial respiration in the rhizosphere must have been severely reduced, indicating that respiration measured after 3 months must be dominated by microorganisms in the root-free soil (R-rfs); this indicated that the basal method actually measured root-free soil respiration. This allowed us to fractionate the components of soil respiration based on the relationship: total soil respiration (R-total) = R-root + R-rhizo + R-rfs; subtracting Rroot(excised-root method) and R-rfs(basal method) from R-total gave us an estimate of microbial respiration in the rhizosphere; and the contribution of these three components to R-total: R-root = 32%, R-rhizo = 20%, and R-rfs = 48%. These results are important because they suggest a way that soil respiration can be separated into at least three functionally different components, and they show that microbial respiration in the rhizosphere is a significant sink for photosynthetically-fixed C in forests. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Kelting, DL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Forestry & Wildlife Resources, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dkelting@vt.edu NR 34 TC 104 Z9 187 U1 3 U2 42 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 30 IS 7 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00186-7 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZU774 UT WOS:000074233500013 ER PT J AU Kim, MG Wasson, L Burris, M Wu, YM Watt, C Strickland, RC AF Kim, MG Wasson, L Burris, M Wu, YM Watt, C Strickland, RC TI Furfuryl alcohol emulsion resins as co-binders for urea-formaldehyde resin-bonded particleboards SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE furfuryl alcohol; polyfurfuryl alcohol emulsion resin; urea-formaldehyde resins; particle-board binder resins ID EMISSION AB An approach to using water-insoluble furfuryl alcohol (FA) resins as a co-binder for particleboard (PB) urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins was evaluated. Sprayable FA/UF mixed resins were made by emulsifying FA resins of varying advancements and mixing with various formaldehyde to urea (F/U) ratio UF resins in various proportions. The binder performance of the mixed FA/UF resins was then evaluated by bonding laboratory PBs using a weakly acidic ordinary UF resin curing catalyst at various hot pressing temperatures. The PBs were also heat-treated and were aged for two years at room temperature. The test results of bond strengths and formaldehyde emission levels of PBs showed promising improvements at about 30% FA resin additions, although the results were preliminary due to the variable performance nature of such binder systems. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39720 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Biomass Dept, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Kim, MG (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Coll Forest Resources, Forest Prod Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39720 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 30 IS 3 BP 238 EP 249 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA ZZ495 UT WOS:000074735100003 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Bertman, SB Jobson, T Niki, H Tanner, R AF Roberts, JM Bertman, SB Jobson, T Niki, H Tanner, R TI Measurement of total nonmethane organic carbon (C-y): Development and application at Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; MONOXIDE; NITROGEN; OZONE AB A technique was developed for the measurement of total nonmethane organic carbon (C-y) in the gas phase based on cryogenic collection, preseparation of CO, CH4, and CO2, conversion of all carbon to CH4, and measurement by flame ionization detector. Collection and recovery efficiencies were found to be essentially quantitative for C-2-C-7 hydrocarbons and better than 95 and 93% for methanol and formaldehyde, respectively. CO2 prevented the measurement of the C-2 hydrocarbons in atmospheric samples, and system response to ambient water vapor limited the precision of the measurement at very low C-y. The measurement system had an estimated uncertainty of 10% at ambient mixing ratios of 100 ppb C, and a detection limit of between 5 and 7 ppb C. C-y was measured in Boulder, Colorado, during June of 1993 and at Chebogue Point, Nova Scotia, during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment intensive campaign, August to September 1993. C-y values ranged from several hundred ppb C to 11 ppb C in Boulder, and from 177 to below 5 ppb C at Chebogue Point, with medians of 55 and 11 ppbC, respectively. C-y was found to correlate with both CO and O-3 at higher levels of those two pollutants. The sum of C-y and the C-2 hydrocarbons was virtually always equal to or greater than the sum of the hydrocarbons. Several exceptions to this occurred when high HC values were observed in cannister samples but not C-y measurements. These instances were attributed to short-term perturbations from local sources. There was a net difference between total nonmethane organic carbon and the sum of hydrocarbons and carbonyls of 3.5 +/- 7.8 ppb C overall. This difference appears to be broadly correlated with anthropogenic pollution. There does not appear to be a significantly large reservoir of reactive carbon unaccounted for by hydrocarbon or carbonyl measurements. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, CEB Environm Res Ctr 201, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM jr@al.noaa.gov; steven.bertman@wmich.edu; tjobson@al.noaa.gov; rltanner@tva.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D11 BP 13581 EP 13592 DI 10.1029/97JD02240 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZV631 UT WOS:000074325200035 ER PT J AU Lackey, LW Gamble, JR Holt, MT AF Lackey, LW Gamble, JR Holt, MT TI Feasibility testing of biofiltration technology for remediating air contaminated by a boat manufacturing facility SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID STYRENE; BIOFILTERS AB This research investigated and compared the use of both bench- and pilot-scale biofilters to determine the effectiveness of controlling styrene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and acetone emissions from an industrial gas waste stream. Critical operating parameters, including contaminant loading rate, temperature, and empty bed contact time, were manipulated in both the laboratory and field. At steady-state conditions, the bench and pilot-scale biofilters showed a 99% removal efficiency for styrene when the contaminant loading rate was less than 50 g m(-3)hr(-1) and 40 g m(-3)hr(-1), respectively. Although few data points were collected in the pilot-scale reactor where the styrene load was greater than 40 g m(-3)hr(-1), the total organic contaminant load including both MEK and acetone typically ranged between 50 g m(-3)hr(-1) and 80 g m(-3)hr(-1). Greater than 99% removal efficiencies were observed for acetone and MEK in the pilot-scale biofilter at all evaluated loading rates. Also studied were biofilter acclimation and re-acclimation periods. In inoculated bench and pilot biofilter systems, microbial acclimation to styrene was achieved in less than five days. In comparison, no MEK degrading microbial inoculum was added, so during the first months of pilot-scale biofilter operation, MEK removal efficiencies lagged behind those noted with styrene. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Lackey, LW (reprint author), POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. EM lwlackey@tva.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 48 IS 6 BP 527 EP 536 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZV301 UT WOS:000074290900005 PM 28075263 ER PT J AU Browman, MG AF Browman, MG TI Power production waste SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Browman, MG (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Haney Bldg 2A,1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1998 VL 70 IS 4 BP 664 EP 667 DI 10.2175/106143098X134398 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA ZY282 UT WOS:000074604500026 ER PT J AU Bidleman, TF Jantunen, LMM Wiberg, K Harner, T Brice, KA Su, K Falconer, RL Leone, AD Aigner, EJ Parkhurst, WJ AF Bidleman, TF Jantunen, LMM Wiberg, K Harner, T Brice, KA Su, K Falconer, RL Leone, AD Aigner, EJ Parkhurst, WJ TI Soil as a source of atmospheric heptachlor epoxide SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOHALOGEN PESTICIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOUTHERN ONTARIO; ANNUAL CYCLE; AIR; IDENTIFICATION; CANADA AB The chiral pesticide heptachlor can undergo photolysis to yield the racemic products heptachlor-exo-epoxide (HEPX) and photoheptachlor. Heptachlor is also metabolized to nonracemic HEPX in biological systems and soils. HEPX in ambient air samples from the southern United States and Lakes Ontario and Superior was nonracemic and enriched in the (+) enantiomer. Average enantiomer ratios (ER = areas of (+)/(-) HEPX) in these locations ranged from 1.51 to 2.02, and were similar to ER values of HEPX reported for agricultural soils. Airborne heptachlor was racemic, with ERs of 0.98-1.02. These results suggest that the main source of HEPX in ambient air is not photolysis of heptachlor, hut rather metabolism of heptachlor in soils followed by volatilization of HEPX. The study exemplifies the use of chiral analysis for investigating the environmental fate of pesticides. C1 Atmospher Environm Serv, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. Umea Univ, Inst Environm Chem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Bidleman, TF (reprint author), Atmospher Environm Serv, 4905 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM tbidleman@dow.on.doe.ca RI Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011; OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532; Jantunen, Liisa/0000-0003-0261-9539 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 10 BP 1546 EP 1548 DI 10.1021/es971110h PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN466 UT WOS:000073648700028 ER PT J AU Thornton, FC Shurpall, NJ Bock, BR Reddy, KC AF Thornton, FC Shurpall, NJ Bock, BR Reddy, KC TI N2O and NO emissions from poultry litter and urea applications to Bermuda grass SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; nitric oxide; nitrogen fertilizer ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; SOIL; FIELD; FERTILIZATION; FLUXES; SITE AB The objectives of the study were to quantify N2O and NO emissions from poultry litter and urea applications to Bermuda grass (Cynodaon dactylon L.) and examine the seasonal variations in emissions. Soil N2O and NO emissions were measured in a Bermuda grass pasture treated with two sources of poultry litter, composted poultry litter (CPL) and fresh poultry litter (FPL) and urea (URE). Nitrogen (N) was applied to supply 336 kg available N ha(-1) in four split applications made during the period from April to August 1995. An automated closed chamber system was employed to monitor N2O and NO emissions. The seasonal N2O emission patterns were characterized by several peaks occurring in phase with intermittent rain events and increasing soil N and organic carbon (C) associated with fertilizer application. The cumulative N2O emissions over the season (May to mid September) from the various treatments were, 3.87 kg N ha(-1) from FPL, 2.96 kg N ha(-1) from URE, and 1.64 kg N ha(-1) from CPL. These seasonal N2O losses accounted for 1.0, 0.73 and 0.32% of the added available N for the, FPL, URE and CPL treatments, respectively. Denitrification was suggested as the primary source of N2O following rain events when inorganic N and C soil concentrations were highest and soil water-filled-pore-space (WFPS) was elevated. Peaks in NO emissions were observed primarily immediately after the addition of N sources. The seasonal NO emissions were smaller and ranged from 1.36 kg N ha(-1) for URE, and 0.97 kg N ha(-1) for FPL, to 0.47 kg N ha(-1) for CPL. The seasonal NO emissions accounted for 0.36, 0.24 and 0.09% of the added N for the URE, FPL, and CPL treatments, respectively. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Div Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35782 USA. RP Thornton, FC (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Div Atmospher Sci, Chem Engn Bldg 2A,POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 39 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 1998 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1623 EP 1630 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00390-7 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZP049 UT WOS:000073711400015 ER PT J AU Ding, Y Pang, Y Eatough, DJ Eatough, NL Tanner, RL AF Ding, Y Pang, Y Eatough, DJ Eatough, NL Tanner, RL TI A diffusion denuder sampler for routine monitoring of airborne fine particulate material. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Chem, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, CEB 2A, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 2 PY 1998 VL 215 MA 048-ENVR BP U582 EP U582 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZA911 UT WOS:000072414401865 ER PT J AU Smith, GF Nicholas, NS AF Smith, GF Nicholas, NS TI Patterns of overstory composition in the fir and fir-spruce forests of the Great Smoky Mountains after balsam woolly adelgid infestation SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CAROLINA; FRASER FIR; REGENERATION; WOOD AB In 1957, the exotic balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) was discovered in the southern Appalachians. It quickly spread throughout the spruce-fir forests, decimating adult Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) populations. In 1990 and 1991, a system of temporary and permanent plots was established on five mountains in the Great Smoky Mountains. Almost seventy percent of total standing fir basal area in the study area was dead, hit. Collins, which experienced the major wave of fir mortality about 4 yr before sampling, had the greatest percentage (91%) of dead fir basal area of the five mountains. Despite catastrophic mortality, fir dominated (11-16 m(2)/ha) live stand basal area on the tops of the three higher elevation mountains, whereas red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and deciduous taxa dominated the two lower mountains. Live fir density over the short term was positively associated with time since the major wave of mortality. Patterns of fir mortality, treefall rates and recruitment determined the proportion of dead fir stems in the overstory. These three factors in turn were dependent on time since major mortality. A logistic regression model predicted that the proportion of standing dead fir would increase until 5-8 yr after an episode of major mortality and decrease thereafter as dead trees fail and young fir reach the overstory. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Nicholas, NS (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 1998 VL 139 IS 2 BP 340 EP 352 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)139[0340:POOCIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZN556 UT WOS:000073657700016 ER PT J AU Wade, TG Schultz, BW Wickham, JD Bradford, DF AF Wade, TG Schultz, BW Wickham, JD Bradford, DF TI Modeling the potential spatial distribution of beef cattle grazing using a Geographic Information System SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE GIS; modeling; grazing; land management ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; RIPARIAN ZONE; MOUNTAIN; LIVESTOCK; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR AB Data regarding grazing utilization in the western United States are typically compiled within administrative boundaries (e.g. allotment, pasture). For large areas, an assumption of uniform distribution is seldom valid. Previous studies show that vegetation type, degree of slope, and distance from water largely determine the distribution of livestock. We demonstrate how range managers can use Boolean logic and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to develop models that predict which areas beef cattle are most and least likely to graze. The models show that approximately 60% of the state of Oregon has potential for rangeland grazing. The results compare favorably with the 1992 census of beef cattle. (C) 1998 Academic Press Limited. C1 Desert Res Inst, Ctr Biol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Norris, TN 37828 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Wade, TG (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Ctr Biol Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 1998 VL 38 IS 2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1006/jare.1997.0333 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZE330 UT WOS:000072781800014 ER PT B AU Mueller, SF Bailey, EM AF Mueller, SF Bailey, EM GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Photochemical modeling issues for the Southern Appalachian region SO 10TH JOINT CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH THE A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Conference on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with the A&WMA / American-Meteorological-Society CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 476 EP 479 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL92P UT WOS:000077162100107 ER PT B AU Imhoff, RE Gautney, LL AF Imhoff, RE Gautney, LL GP AMER METEOROL SOC AMER METEOROL SOC TI Regional photochemical model estimation of the scale of ozone transport in the Eastern US SO 10TH JOINT CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH THE A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Joint Conference on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with the A&WMA / American-Meteorological-Society CY JAN 11-16, 1998 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Imhoff, RE (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1998 BP 485 EP 489 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL92P UT WOS:000077162100109 ER PT J AU Thornton, FC Joslin, JD Bock, BR Houston, A Green, TH Schoenholtz, S Pettry, D Tyler, DD AF Thornton, FC Joslin, JD Bock, BR Houston, A Green, TH Schoenholtz, S Pettry, D Tyler, DD TI Environmental effects of growing woody crops on agricultural land: First year effects on erosion, and water quality SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Issues for Short Rotation Bioenergy Production CY JUN 29-JUL 03, 1996 CL VELJE, DENMARK DE short-rotation woody crops; erosion; water quality; row crop agriculture ID SOIL PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS; RUNOFF; PHOSPHORUS; POWER AB The objective of this study is to assess the effects of converting row crop agricultural land to short-rotation-woody-crops (SRWC) on erosion, surface water quantity and quality, and groundwater quality. Three physiographic regions in the Southeast, of varying soils, slope, and erodibility, were used. Replicate plots were equipped with a flume and four pan lysimeters so that event sampling of runoff and groundwater could be conducted. Cropping treatments had little effect on the runoff volumes collected; however, sediment produced by the various treatments was significantly influenced by crop. At all three sites, spring and fall generally had the highest sediment losses. The highest absolute losses of sediment occurred at the Mississippi Delta site. Conventional tilled cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lost 16.2 Mg ha(-1), compared to 2.3 Mg ha(-1) for cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh) over 14 months. While sediment losses at a loess-belt site in west Tennessee were three-fold higher under no-till corn (Zea maize L.) than sycamore (Platinus occidentalis L), total sediment loss was less than 1 Mg ha(-1) for both treatments. At the north Alabama site, no-till corn and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) with a fescue (Fescue elitor L.) cover crop did not differ with respect to erosion. However, sediment losses under sweetgum without a cover crop were significantly higher, exceeding 5 Mg ha(-1). Nutrient losses of N and P in both runoff and lysimeters were primarily influenced by spring mineral fertilizer applications. Spring and early summer lysimeter nitrate values exceeded EPA guideline for drinking water in the row crop treatments. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 TVA, Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Forestry, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Thornton, FC (reprint author), TVA, Atmospher Sci, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1998 VL 15 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10053-8 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 104CX UT WOS:000074996000008 ER PT B AU Rowland, EB AF Rowland, EB GP AM/FM INT AM/FM INT TI TVA's Automated Land Information System SO CONFERENCE XXI - AM/FM INTERNATIONAL, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st AM/FM International Conference on Enterprise Wide Geospatial Solutions - Realizing the Benefits CY APR 26-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP AM FM Int AB The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) developed and implemented the Automated Land Information System (ALIS) to increase efficiency and effectiveness of reservoir land management business processes through the application of computer technology. ALIS is a distributed, desktop information system accessed over local and wide area network communications by over 200 TVA employees in multiple locations throughout the Tennessee Valley. It replaces the manual land records management system, and contains over 60,000 property records including 265,000 acres of fee land and 324,000 acres of easements along 11,000 miles of shoreline on 47 reservoirs in 7 southeastern states. ALIS supports administration of land leases, licenses, easements, sales, transfers, permits, and other property transactions; management of natural and cultural resources; reservoir land use planning; environmental reviews; and compliance with laws and executive orders. In developing the system, TVA integrated the key principles of information engineering and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. In addition, ALIS applications are fully integrated with office automation technology including word processing, spreadsheets, presentation graphics, and electronic mail. A comprehensive benefit/cost analysis, conducted by a prominent private-sector consulting firm, indicated TVA will accrue $5.3 million in net savings over 10 years (FY1991-FY2000) by using ALIS compared to the traditional manual approach. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Land Management, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Rowland, EB (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Land Management, Nat Resources Bldg, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION & TECHNOLOGY ASSOC (GITA) PI AURORA PA 14456 E EVANS AVE, AURORA, CO 80014-1409 USA PY 1998 BP 639 EP 646 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BN67H UT WOS:000082533400073 ER PT J AU Bidleman, TF Harner, T Wiberg, K Wideman, JL Brice, K Su, K Falconer, RL Aigner, EJ Leone, AD Ridal, JJ Kerman, B Finizio, A Alegria, H Parkhurst, WJ Szeto, SY AF Bidleman, TF Harner, T Wiberg, K Wideman, JL Brice, K Su, K Falconer, RL Aigner, EJ Leone, AD Ridal, JJ Kerman, B Finizio, A Alegria, H Parkhurst, WJ Szeto, SY TI Chiral pesticides as tracers of air-surface exchange SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID WATER GAS-EXCHANGE; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; ALPHA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LAKE-ONTARIO; ORGANOCHLORINES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENANTIOMERS; REVERSAL AB The enantiomers of chiral pesticides are selectively broken down in soil and water to yield residues and metabolites, which are non-racemic. The distinctive enantiomer signatures of residues are preserved upon volatilization, providing site-specific tracers for air-soil and air-water exchange. Applications of enantiomeric tracers include distinguishing the atmospheric transport of freshly applied pesticides from those which are 'recycled' from lakes, oceans and soil, and investigating biotic vs abiotic degradation pathways. Examples are given of using pesticide enantiomers to follow volatilization from the Great Lakes and arctic waters and as indicators of pesticide emissions from agricultural soils. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Atmospher Environm Serv, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Chem Engn & Appl Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. Umea Univ, Inst Environm Chem, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Youngstown State Univ, Dept Chem, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. St Lawrence River Inst Environm Sci, Cornwall, ON K6H 1E1, Canada. Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Atmospher Environm Serv, Lake Meteorol Lab, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. Univ Milan, Dept Environm Sci, I-20126 Milan, Italy. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Vancouver, BC V6T 1X2, Canada. RP Bidleman, TF (reprint author), Atmospher Environm Serv, 4905 Dufferin St, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RI Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011; OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532; Jantunen, Liisa/0000-0003-0261-9539 NR 23 TC 45 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1998 VL 102 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00062-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 138NK UT WOS:000076978500004 ER PT B AU Owenby, PH AF Owenby, PH BE McBride, AE TI Executive education through technology assisted learning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL. 60, PTS I & II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th Annual Meeting of the American-Power-Conference CY 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TVA Univ, Execut Educ Program, Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Owenby, PH (reprint author), TVA Univ, Execut Educ Program, Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 USA PY 1998 BP 846 EP 849 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BL05Q UT WOS:000074129000157 ER PT B AU Shafer, SH AF Shafer, SH GP ARMA ARMA TI A records manager's guide to forms management and electronic forms W118 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARMA INTERNATIONAL 43RD ANNUAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Conference of ARMA International CY OCT 04-07, 1998 CL HOUSTON, TX SP ARMA Int C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Corp Records, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RECORDS MANAGERS & ADMINISTRATORS PI PRAIRIE VILLAGE PA 4200 SOMERSET DRIVE, SUITE 215, PRAIRIE VILLAGE, KS 66208 USA BN 0-933887-82-5 PY 1998 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BQ47F UT WOS:000088436800018 ER PT B AU Higgins, JM Brock, WG AF Higgins, JM Brock, WG BE Loucks, ED TI Operation and performance of reservoir release improvements at 16 TVA dams SO WATER RESOURCES AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Special Session of ASCE 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management / 1998 Annual Conference on Environmental Engineering CY JUN 07-10, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, USA Corps Engineers, US EPA, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Environm Engn & Water Resources Grp, ASCE IL Sect, Metropolitan Water Reclamat Dist Greater Chicago AB In 1996, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) completed a five-year, $50 million program to improve low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in releases from 16 dams in the Tennessee Valley. Prior to the program, over 500 km of tailwater were impacted, affecting downstream water quality, aquatic habitat, recreation, and waste assimilation. To improve the releases, TVA worked with resource agencies and private organizations to define minimum dissolved oxygen targets. Facilities were installed and operating procedures developed to meet the target conditions. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. RP Higgins, JM (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0343-0 PY 1998 BP 465 EP 470 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BN36A UT WOS:000081696300078 ER PT J AU Pier, PA McDuffie, C AF Pier, PA McDuffie, C TI Seasonal isoprene emission rates and model comparisons using whole-tree emissions from white oak SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS; RATE VARIABILITY; ASPEN LEAVES; LIVE OAK; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INVENTORY; FLUXES; TEMPERATURE AB Whole-tree isoprene emission rates of a chambered white oak were measured throughout the growing season to develop a seasonal emissions model and to compare with emissions estimated using current leaf algorithms and forest canopy models. Emissions increased from mid-May to a maximum in mid-July, and the highest rates occurred late in June and throughout July. Rates decreased from early August to mid-October. A model developed to characterize the whole-tree emissions accounted for 80% of the variability of observed emissions over the growing season. Peak isoprene emissions and photosynthesis occurred at the same time, but peak emissions continued longer, suggesting that peak photosynthetic rates were not necessary for peak isoprene emissions. Measured light intensities 2 m and 3.3 m dean into the tree canopy corresponded to intensities estimated by using current canopy models; however, intensities at 1 m were 14% lower than predicted by modeling. Measured median leaf-to-air temperature differences were 2.0 degrees C at the canopy top and 0.5 degrees C or less in the canopy. Median values of leaf temperatures estimated using a leaf energy balance procedure were slightly lower than air temperatures at all canopy levels, although differences were not more than 0.9 degrees C. The most recently developed biogenic emissions model, which assumes that leaf and air temperatures are the same, predicted July whole-tree emission rates fairly closely, although high emission rates were slightly underpredicted using the model. Leaf temperature adjustments used in previous canopy models were applied to this model, and in this case, predicted rates underestimated measured rates when measured rates exceeded 80 mu g C g(-1) h(-1). RP TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, CHEM ENGN BLDG, 1C, POB 1010, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35662 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D20 BP 23963 EP 23971 DI 10.1029/96JD03786 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YD175 UT WOS:A1997YD17500016 ER PT J AU Oh, YS Sellers, T Kim, MG Strickland, RC AF Oh, YS Sellers, T Kim, MG Strickland, RC TI Fillers for plywood adhesives made from acid hydrolysis residues of municipal newsprint wastes SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Solid residues from the Tennessee Valley Authority's acid hydrolysis process of municipal newsprint waste were used as adhesive fillers for bonding southern pine plywood. The residues were prepared as unextracted and methanol-extracted fillers and compared to a commercial filler commonly used in adhesives for structural plywood and laminated veneer lumber. Plywood (12.7 mm thick) was made at two press times (4 and 5 min.) and three assembly times (20, 40, and 60 min.). All plywood made with the two residue fillers was comparable to the control-bonded plywood with one exception: the short assembly time for unextracted filler. This exception can be corrected by spread or adhesive adjustments. These results indicate that residues from the acid hydrolysis process of newsprint waste streams would be suitable as fillers for plywood adhesives. The usage of these residues will enhance the economics of the acid hydrolysis processing of newsprint and wood from municipal solid wastes. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, FOREST PROD LAB, FOREST & WILDLIFE RES CTR, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, ENVIRONM RES CTR, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. RP Oh, YS (reprint author), YEUNGNAM UNIV, DEPT FOREST RESOURCES, KYONGSAN 712749, SOUTH KOREA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 107 EP 110 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA YD101 UT WOS:A1997YD10100022 ER PT J AU Schauder, C Gernhardt, M Cease, TW Edris, A Stacey, E Lemak, T Gyugyi, L AF Schauder, C Gernhardt, M Cease, TW Edris, A Stacey, E Lemak, T Gyugyi, L TI Operation of +/-100 MVAR TVA statcon SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article AB In 1995 a +/-100 MVA Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCON)* was commissioned for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) at the Sullivan Substation in North-Eastern Tennessee. This was an historic milestone in the initiative for Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) promoted by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The TVA STATCON is the first of its kind, using GTO thyristor valves, to be commissioned in the United States, and is currently the largest installation of this type in the world. Commissioning tests have now been completed and the STATCON is operating continuously on line. The demonstrated performance of the equipment has either met or exceeded expectations in all areas and has proven beyond doubt the viability of this type of equipment in high power transmission systems. This paper briefly reviews the STATCON installation and reports on the static and commissioning. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA. RP Schauder, C (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE ELECT CORP,PITTSBURGH,PA 15222, USA. NR 12 TC 61 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1805 EP 1811 DI 10.1109/61.634209 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA XY526 UT WOS:A1997XY52600056 ER PT J AU Sillman, S He, DY Cardelino, C Imhoff, RE AF Sillman, S He, DY Cardelino, C Imhoff, RE TI The use of photochemical indicators to evaluate ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity: Case studies from Atlanta, New York, and Los Angeles SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DEFINITE ADVECTION SCHEME; PHASE HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CALIFORNIA AIR-QUALITY; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; EMISSIONS; URBAN; MODEL; BASIN; NITRATE AB This study examines the use of ambient measurements of a number of ''photochemical indicators'' as a basis for determining ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity and for evaluating the performance of ozone models. The successful photochemical indicators are: O-3/NOy, O-3/NOz (where NOz = NOy-NOx), O-3/HNO3, H2O2/HNO3, and H2O2/NOz. Results of Urban Airshed Model (UAM-IV) simulations for Atlanta, GA, New York, NY, and Los Angeles, CA, show that high values of these species ratios are correlated with NOx-sensitive chemistry and low values are associated with reactive organic gases (ROG)-sensitive chemistry. Correlations between measured O-3 and NOy in Atlanta and between O-3 and NOz in Los Angeles are consistent with theory and reflect the difference between likely NOx-sensitive chemistry in Atlanta and hydrocarbon-sensitive chemistry in Los Angeles. Measured O-3, NOx, and NOy are used to evaluate model performance during two air pollution events in Atlanta and Los Angeles. The performance evaluation includes model scenarios for each city with different anthropogenic and biogenic emission rates and different NOx-ROG sensitivity predictions. Simulations with different NOx-ROG chemistry are found to give similar predictions for peak ozone but different values for photochemical indicators. Comparison with measured values of photochemical indicators provides a more stringent test of model performance than evaluation versus observed ozone. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30332. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662. RP Sillman, S (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ATMOSPHER OCEAN & SPACE SCI,2455 HAYWARD ST,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. OI Sillman, Sanford/0000-0001-6250-1191 NR 45 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 1030 EP 1040 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC017 UT WOS:A1997YC01700001 ER PT J AU Turnbow, ML AF Turnbow, ML TI A farewell interview with ASNT chairman Michael L. Turnbow SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Turnbow, ML (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,INSPECT SERV,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD OCT PY 1997 VL 55 IS 10 BP 1040 EP 1041 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA YA062 UT WOS:A1997YA06200001 ER PT J AU Thornton, FC Pier, PA Valente, RJ AF Thornton, FC Pier, PA Valente, RJ TI NO emissions from soils in the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE AB Biogenic soil emissions of nitric oxide (NO) are important in the formation of tropospheric ozone (O-3) in the rural environment. This paper summarizes our recent estimates of soil NO emissions from a wide variety of sites in nine southeastern United States, A total of over 12,000 individual flux measurements was made from crop, pasture, and forests representing major physiographic regions within the southeast. These measurements were used to determine flux algorithms relating NO emissions from land types. Strong relationships were found between NO flux and temperature that explained over 80% of the variation in emissions. Using these relationships and Geographic Information Systems land base information for the states, calculated seasonal emissions for NO are reported. Crop land regulated regional soil NO emissions, accounting for 83% of the emissions in summer, 61% in spring, and 55% in fall, The summertime contribution of soil NO to the overall NO inventory, including anthropogenic sources, averaged 4.1% for the states, ranging from a high of 9.5% for Mississippi to a low of 2.2% for Florida. The importance of high summertime temperatures in controlling soil NO was evident in that emissions on a prototypical summer day were only one fifth the emissions of a hot (36 degrees C, maximum daily high) summer day. Comparisons of the algorithms we developed to those of the current model used by the Environmental Protection Agency, BEIS 2.2, showed reasonable agreement, that is, agreement within a factor of 2, given the inherent temporal and spatial variability of soil NO emissions. RP Thornton, FC (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, CHEM ENGN BLDG 2A, POB 1010, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35662 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 1997 VL 102 IS D17 BP 21189 EP 21195 DI 10.1029/97JD01567 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XX380 UT WOS:A1997XX38000002 ER PT J AU Olszyna, KJ Luria, M Meagher, JF AF Olszyna, KJ Luria, M Meagher, JF TI The correlation of temperature and rural ozone levels in southeastern USA SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; nitrogen oxides; PAN; temperature; photooxidation; rural southeastern USA ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SMOG CHAMBER; SITE; NOX AB As a part of the southern oxidant study, a comprehensive air quality study was performed at a rural site in southern Tennessee. The observations performed between 25 July and 2 September 1991 included measurements of primary and secondary pollutants as well as meteorological measurements. Relatively high levels of NOy were observed when CO and SO2 levels were at estimated regional background indicating a significant non-combustion source. A multivariate linear regression analysis suggested that nearly 2/3 of the NOy above the estimated regional background level relates to SO2 emitting sources with the remaining 1/3 to CO emitting sources. The association between primary pollutants and temperature was found to be weak or insignificant. However, most secondary pollutants (except PAN) positively correlated with temperature. In the case of O-3, a better association was found with a combination of temperature and NOy. Comparison between the observation and model simulation suggested that approximately 50% of the increase in O-3 levels observed at the Giles site may relate to the intrinsic dependence of rate constants on temperature. The number of O-3 molecules produced per NOy molecule present increases with temperature (between 22 and 33 degrees C) as did the chemical air mass age (NOx/NOy). On the other hand, the number of O-3 molecules produced per molecule of NOx consumed remained nearly constant. The difference between NOz and the sum of the individual NOz species measured separately (PAN, HNO3 and nitrate aerosol) suggests the presence of an additional NOz species that increased with temperature. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,SCH APPL SCI,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. RP Olszyna, KJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 31 IS 18 BP 3011 EP 3022 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00097-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XM894 UT WOS:A1997XM89400012 ER PT J AU Pier, PA Kelly, JM AF Pier, PA Kelly, JM TI Measured and estimated methane and carbon dioxide emissions from sawdust waste in the Tennessee Valley under alternative management strategies SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methane; biogas; anaerobic; sawdust; wood waste; biodegradation; landfill ID LANDFILLS; SOIL AB Wood waste is a potential source of methane production due to its high degradable organic carbon content and an on-site storage method that is conducive to development of anaerobic conditions. Future emissions from wood waste could be even higher if waste piles must be converted to landfills by soil capping in order to comply with national criteria for solid waste disposal. In order to estimate current and potential methane emission rates a set of field and laboratory measurements were undertaken. Gas samples for analysis of methane and CO2 were collected from the surface of sawdust piles using chambers placed on the pile surface, and at depths of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.6 m using a sampling probe. Two piles in each of the following age ranges were sampled: 0-1, 1-4, 3-5, and 5-8 years. In the laboratory study, sawdust samples from the 3.0 m depth were incubated under 20% CO2 in nitrogen at 32, 40 and 48 degrees C to simulate the temperature range and anaerobic conditions occurring in typical sawdust piles. Field measurements indicated that methane comprised 20% of the biogas generated from sawdust piles. Emissions from the pile surface averaged 1.68 mg m(-2) h(-1) compared to literature estimates from landfills on the order of 0.125-125,000 mg m(-2) h(-1) (Bogner and Scott, 1995), with the low emission rates suggesting that a large percentage of the methane produced was either oxidized or otherwise consumed before reaching the pile surface. Emissions to the atmosphere estimated from annual sawdust production in the Tennessee Valley range from 15-44 metric tons per year incubation studies indicated highest methane generation at 32 degrees C with a reduction in emissions in excess of 70% when the temperature was increased to 48 degrees C. Estimates of methane production indicate that soil capping of disposed sawdust could increase methane production by 2-2.5 times over the biodegradation lifetime of the sawdust stored on-site. Assuming the global warming potential of methane is 21 times that of CO2, combustion of wood waste rather than on-site storage or capping would provide a CO2 offset of 1.2 or 3.8 tons, respectively, for each toll of sawdust burned. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Pier, PA (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD SEP PY 1997 VL 61 IS 3 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(97)00064-3 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA YJ191 UT WOS:A1997YJ19100005 ER PT J AU ONeill, RV Hunsaker, CT Jones, KB Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Schwartz, PM Goodman, IA Jackson, BL Baillargeon, WS AF ONeill, RV Hunsaker, CT Jones, KB Riitters, KH Wickham, JD Schwartz, PM Goodman, IA Jackson, BL Baillargeon, WS TI Monitoring environmental quality at the landscape scale SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; ECOLOGICAL RISK; REGIONAL SCALE; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; DESERTIFICATION; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS C1 US EPA,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. STATE NEW MEXICO,SANTA FE,NM 87502. RP ONeill, RV (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Hunsaker, Carolyn/0000-0002-5662-2402 NR 65 TC 147 Z9 165 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD SEP PY 1997 VL 47 IS 8 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.2307/1313119 PG 7 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA XT244 UT WOS:A1997XT24400011 ER PT J AU Essell, PB AF Essell, PB TI Timucuan ecological and historic preserve historic resource study - Stowell,DW SO PUBLIC HISTORIAN LA English DT Book Review RP Essell, PB (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY,NORRIS,TN, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA JOURNALS DEPT 2120 BERKELEY WAY, BERKELEY, CA 94720 SN 0272-3433 J9 PUBL HISTORIAN JI Public Hist. PD FAL PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 81 EP 83 PG 3 WC History SC History GA YH202 UT WOS:A1997YH20200015 ER PT J AU Smith, GF Nicholas, NS Zedaker, SM AF Smith, GF Nicholas, NS Zedaker, SM TI Succession dynamics in a maritime forest following Hurricane Hugo and fuel reduction burns SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coastal vegetation; disturbance; Chinese tallow tree; old-growth loblolly pine ID CHINESE TALLOW TREE; SOUTH-CAROLINA; SEEDLINGS; ISLAND; GROWTH; OAK AB In 1989, Hurricane Hugo devastated the maritime forest communities on Bull Island, SC, where a system of permanent plots was established. This catastrophic disturbance and subsequent fires provided an opportunity to study secondary succession following interacting disturbances. This study quantifies the effects of the disturbances on woody vegetation and investigates potential long-term community change using TWINSPAN. Overstory live oak (Quercus virginiana Miller) remained relatively intact, whereas old-growth loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and stands of the exotic tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.) were destroyed. Aggressive recruitment by S. sebiferum, unfavorable conditions for loblolly growth, and broad changes in sapling community composition indicate that successional trajectories in some sites may have been changed by severe disturbances. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Smith, GF (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 1 PY 1997 VL 95 IS 3 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00014-5 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XV219 UT WOS:A1997XV21900007 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Jones, KB AF Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Jones, KB TI Assessing habitat suitability at multiple scales: A landscape-level approach SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE landscape ecology; wildlife habitat; spatial statistics; risk assessment and scale ID FOREST FRAGMENTATION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; EXTINCTION; MODEL; PATCH AB The distribution and abundance of many plants and animals are influenced by the spatial arrangement of suitable habitats across landscapes. We derived habitat maps from a digital land cover map of the similar to 178,000 km(2) Chesapeake Bay Watershed by using a spatial filtering algorithm. The regional amounts and patterns of habitats were different far species which occur in 'woody', 'herbaceous', and 'woody-edge' habitats. Habitat for finer-scale species (similar to 5 ha home ranges) was twice as abundant and move evenly distributed than habitat for coarser-scale species (similar to 410 ha home ranges) in a 11,000 km(2) sub-region. Potential impacts of land cover changes on habitats in different parts of the region were assessed by the frequency distributions of habitat suitability for smaller (similar to 3000 km(2)) embedded watersheds. The methods described in this paper can be applied to several scales of digital land cover data, and used to derive multiple-scale habitat suitabilities for a number of species or guilds. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US EPA,CHARACTERIZAT RES DIV,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89119. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,17 RIDGEWAY RD,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 40 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JUL-AUG PY 1997 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(96)00145-0 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC290 UT WOS:A1997XC29000020 ER PT J AU Smith, BT Ettema, R AF Smith, BT Ettema, R TI Flow resistance in ice-covered alluvial channels SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AB This paper describes the influences of floating level ice covers on flow and bed-load transport in alluvial channels and proposes a semi-empirical procedure for calculating flow resistance in such channels. The procedure can be applied in conjunction with several existing methods for estimating flow resistance in alluvial channels under open-water conditions. Previously, cover influence was poorly understood, with the consequence that flow-resistance calculations far ice-covered alluvial channels entailed an inordinate amount of guesswork. The cover influences described herein were determined from the results of experiments conducted with a laboratory flume. The main findings of the flume experiments are that ice covers increase flow depth, decrease bulk flow velocity, increase dune length, and significantly decrease bed-load transport rate. Additionally, it was found that sediment transport relationships developed for open-water Row are applicable to ice-covered dow provided they are used in conjunction with estimates of actual bed shear stress. The proposed Row-resistance procedure enables such estimates to be made. C1 UNIV IOWA,COLL ENGN,DEPT CIVIL & ENVIRONM ENGN,IOWA INST HYDRAUL RES,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP Smith, BT (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,PO DRAWER E,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD JUL PY 1997 VL 123 IS 7 BP 592 EP 599 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1997)123:7(592) PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA XH832 UT WOS:A1997XH83200001 ER PT J AU Doggart, RR AF Doggart, RR TI Status report on ASNT's Industrial Radiography Radiation Safety Personnel certification program SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Doggart, RR (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,1101 MARKET ST,WAREHOUSE ROW 3X,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD JUL PY 1997 VL 55 IS 7 BP 788 EP 789 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA XL514 UT WOS:A1997XL51400006 ER PT J AU Tanner, RL AF Tanner, RL TI EPA's proposed standards SO CHEMICAL & ENGINEERING NEWS LA English DT Letter RP Tanner, RL (reprint author), TVA ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2347 J9 CHEM ENG NEWS JI Chem. Eng. News PD JUN 16 PY 1997 VL 75 IS 24 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA XE363 UT WOS:A1997XE36300004 ER PT J AU Browman, MG AF Browman, MG TI Power production waste SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP Browman, MG (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,HANEY BLDG 2A,1101 MARKET ST,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402, USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD JUN PY 1997 VL 69 IS 4 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.2175/106143097X134948 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA XH757 UT WOS:A1997XH75700025 ER PT J AU Lee, KCP Bulls, M Holmes, J Barrier, JW AF Lee, KCP Bulls, M Holmes, J Barrier, JW TI Hybrid process for the conversion of lignocellulosic materials SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; lignocellulosic materials; ethanol fermentation; simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF); Saccharomyces cerevisiae; pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis ID DILUTE ACID-HYDROLYSIS; HARDWOOD; ETHANOL AB Because of the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic materials, it is important to pretreat the biomass in order to obtain a suitable material for the bioconversion. In this study, two different types of pretreatments were performed. The first experiment used a 2-gal Parr reactor operated at 140, 150, 160, and 170 degrees C with sulfuric acid concentrations varying from 0.5 to 2%. A second pretreatment was performed with a two-stage low-temperature process. The first-stage pretreatment was performed at 100 or 120 degrees C with sulfuric acid concentrations of 0.5, 2, and 5% followed by a second-stage pretreatment at 120 degrees C with 2% acid concentration. The best residues for enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentations (SSF) came from the higher temperature pretreatment with the Parr reactor. However, a large portion of the xylose fraction was degraded to furfural and glucose was degraded to HMF. On the contrary, the two-stage low temperature pretreatment resulted in a very low percentage of xylose degradation, and no glucose degradation. The residues from this two-stage pretreatment performed satisfactorily toward the production of ethanol by SSFs. This study discusses the results obtained from these experiments. RP Lee, KCP (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR ERC,DEPT BIOTECHNOL,CEB 1C-M,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 1997 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XE774 UT WOS:A1997XE77400001 PM 9204515 ER PT J AU Turnbow, ML AF Turnbow, ML TI A report from New Delhi SO MATERIALS EVALUATION LA English DT News Item RP Turnbow, ML (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,POB 2000,IGOU FERRY RD,SODDY DAISY,TN 37379, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST PI COLUMBUS PA 1711 ARLINGATE LANE PO BOX 28518, COLUMBUS, OH 43228-0518 SN 0025-5327 J9 MATER EVAL JI Mater. Eval. PD APR PY 1997 VL 55 IS 4 BP 488 EP 489 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA WR867 UT WOS:A1997WR86700007 ER PT J AU Beck, MJ Barnes, JM AF Beck, MJ Barnes, JM TI Environmental biotechnology SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RP Beck, MJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1997 VL 63-5 BP 667 EP 667 DI 10.1007/BF02920465 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XB483 UT WOS:A1997XB48300060 PM 18576122 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Wu, JG Bradford, DF AF Wickham, JD Wu, JG Bradford, DF TI A conceptual framework for selecting and analyzing stressor data to study species richness at large spatial scales SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE anthropogenic impacts; biodiversity; environmental gradients; geographic information systems; hierarchy ID ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; UNITED-STATES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ENERGY; DETERMINANTS; PRODUCTIVITY; EQUILIBRIUM AB In this paper we develop a conceptual framework for selecting stressor data and analyzing their relationship to geographic patterns of species richness at large spatial scales, Aspects of climate and topography, which are not stressors per se, have been most strongly linked with geographic patterns of species richness at large spatial scales (e.g., continental to global scales). The adverse impact of stressors (e.g., habitat loss, pollution) on species has been demonstrated primarily on much smaller spatial scales. To date, there has been a lack of conceptual development on how to use stressor data to study geographic patterns of species richness at large spatial scales. The framework we developed includes four components: (1) clarification of the terms stress and stressor and categorization of factors affecting species richness into three groups-anthropogenic stressors, natural stressors, and natural covariates; (2) synthesis of the existing hypotheses for explaining geographic patterns of species richness to identify the scales over which stressors and natural covariates influence species richness and to provide supporting evidence for these relationships through review of previous studies; (3) identification of three criteria for selection of stressor and covariate data sets: (a) inclusion of data sets from each of the three categories identified in item 1, (b) inclusion of data sets representing different aspects of each category, and (c) to the extent possible, analysis of data quality; and (4) identification of two approaches for examining scale-dependent relationships among stressors, covariates, and patterns of species richness-scaling-up and regression-tree analyses. Based on this framework, we propose 10 data sets as a minimum data base for examining the effects of stressors and covariates on species richness at large spatial scales. These data sets include land cover, roads, wetlands (numbers and loss), exotic species, livestock grazing, surface water pH, pesticide application, climate (and weather), topography, and streams. C1 ARIZONA STATE UNIV W, DEPT LIFE SCI, PHOENIX, AZ 85069 USA. US EPA, NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB, LAS VEGAS, NV 89119 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, HIST FORESTRY BLDG, 17 RIDGEWAY RD, NORRIS, TN 37828 USA. RI WU, Jingle/A-4055-2009; Wu, Jianguo/G-6267-2010 NR 105 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR-APR PY 1997 VL 21 IS 2 BP 247 EP 257 DI 10.1007/s002679900024 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH932 UT WOS:A1997WH93200012 ER PT J AU Lockaby, BG Jones, RH Clawson, RG Meadows, JS Stanturf, JA Thornton, FC AF Lockaby, BG Jones, RH Clawson, RG Meadows, JS Stanturf, JA Thornton, FC TI Influences of harvesting on functions of floodplain forests associated with low-order, blackwater streams SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland forests; silviculture; impacts ID WETLAND; MANAGEMENT; DENITRIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; SOILS AB The influence of both aerial and ground-based harvesting on functions of forested floodplains of low-order streams was studied during a two-year period. The study sites were associated with low-order, blackwater streams with infertile and primarily organic soils. Responses to harvesting were assessed in relation to water quality, denitrification, hydrology, regeneration, and decomposition. Water quality indices included nitrate, phosphate, total and dissolved solids, and biological oxygen demand (BOD), All were unaffected by harvesting with the exception of BOD which rose once to undesirable levels. Denitrification was highly variable and also showed no significant harvest effect. Hydrologic parameters included groundwater table depths which, unexpectedly, indicated lowered water tables within harvested areas during the first growing season. Early regeneration responses were strongly linked to harvest system with primarily seed-origin species favored by ground-based activity whereas sprout-origin species dominated on aerial system plots. Owing to inherent soil wetness, decomposition responded slowly to harvest disturbance. However, after one year, decomposition was more rapid on harvested plots than in undisturbed areas. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP Lockaby, BG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,108 MW SMITH HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03900-X PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP680 UT WOS:A1997WP68000012 ER PT J AU Burton, ML AF Burton, ML BE McCarl, HN Martin, WE TI Modal capacity in the upper Mississippi basin: Implications for the calculation of navigation project benefits SO 1997 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MINERAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SOCIETY (MEMS) - SIXTH ANNUAL MEMS PROFESSIONAL MEETING: THE MINERALS INDUSTRY: RESPONDING TO THE GLOBAL CHALLENGE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Professional Conference of the Mineral-Economics-and-Management-Society (MEMS) - The Minerals Industry: Responding to the Global Challenge CY FEB 27-MAR 01, 1997 CL BOULDER, CO SP Mineral Econ & Management Soc, ALCAN, Bateman Engn Inc, Cyprus Amax Minerals Co, J P Morgan, Knight Piesold LLC, Newmont Gold Co AB In evaluating the economic effects of a proposed navigation projects, federal procedures and guidelines include the assumption that competing transportation modes have (or can add) the capacity to absorb any potential traffic without producing measurable changes in the that mode's pricing behavior. There are, however, both theoretical and institutional reasons to question the uniform applicability of this assumption. Specifically, there are instances in which a profit maximizing seller of transportation services may have an incentive to constrain the size of its network. Moreover, there is empirical evidence which suggests that, even if a carrier is desirous, increasing the capacity of a transportation network within the current environmental and institutional context may significantly increase unit costs and, consequently, observed prices. If this is, in fact the case, diversions of waterborne traffic to alternate modes would not only increase shipping costs for current barge users, these diversions would also induce capacity-based rate increases that would increase transportation costs for a much broader class of shippers. The above titled study examines both the theoretical and empirical issues inherent in the capacity assumption within the context of upper Mississippi Basin and with a particular focus on railroad transportation. The analysis first develops a network pricing model for rail carriers based on the existence of an available barge alternative. Next, the viability of this barge alternative is varied in order to identify probable changes in railroad pricing behavior under a number of different cost scenarios. Finally, GIS data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics are combined with data from the Surface Transportation Board's Carload Waybill Sample (CWS) to estimate the long-run marginal cost of rail transportation, thereby determining the cost of additional capacity which may be made necessary by barge-to-rail traffic diversions. C1 TVA,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERAL ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENTSOC PI HOUGHTON PA PO BOX 721, HOUGHTON, MI 49931-0721 PY 1997 BP 286 EP 295 PG 10 WC Business; Business, Finance SC Business & Economics GA BJ30Q UT WOS:A1997BJ30Q00017 ER PT B AU Schmidt, T Shirley, K Manley, B Carpenter, R Hartman, L McKelvy, C AF Schmidt, T Shirley, K Manley, B Carpenter, R Hartman, L McKelvy, C GP AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL TI Pump up the "C": End your creativity blues SO ASQC'S 51ST ANNUAL QUALITY CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Quality Control Congress of the American-Society-for-Quality-Control CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Qual Control DE breakthrough thinking; creativity; creativity tools; idea generation tools; innovation C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. RP Schmidt, T (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 400 W Summit Hill Dr, Knoxville, TN 37902 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL PI MILWAUKEE PA 611 E WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA PY 1997 BP 48 EP 51 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BK34H UT WOS:000071845700007 ER PT B AU Matthews, ML AF Matthews, ML GP AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL AMER SOC QUAL CONTROL TI Competitiveness for the future: Building onto the TQM foundation SO ASQC'S 51ST ANNUAL QUALITY CONGRESS PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Quality Control Congress of the American-Society-for-Quality-Control CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Qual Control DE activity based costing; Baldrige; business system; core competency development; total quality management (TQM) AB Total Quality Management (TQM) is often seen as the panacea for improvement in our businesses. Using total quality principles certainly can reduce cost and lead to significant improvements. In fact, Baldrige winners have averaged a 99% return on investment. TQM is the practice of improving processes, reducing cycle time, improving customer satisfaction, educating your workforce, and obtaining operational competitiveness. It is a management theory which, if practiced properly, will reduce cost. However, the largest percentage of cost reduction is typically realized in the early years of implementation. The percentage of cost reductions realized due to TQM decreases significantly over time due to the fact that there is less to fix. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Engn & Design Innovat, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Matthews, ML (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Engn & Design Innovat, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL PI MILWAUKEE PA 611 E WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA PY 1997 BP 387 EP 390 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA BK34H UT WOS:000071845700061 ER PT J AU Simonaitis, R Meagher, JF Bailey, EM AF Simonaitis, R Meagher, JF Bailey, EM TI Evaluation of the condensed Carbon Bond (CB-IV) mechanism against smog chamber data at low VOC and NOx concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon bond mechanism; evaluation of photochemical smog mechanism; smog chamber; ozone; reactivity ID FORMALDEHYDE; TEMPERATURE; DIOXIDE; NITRATE; AIR AB The condensed Carbon Bond mechanism (CB-IV) has been evaluated against smog chamber data obtained under conditions representative of urban air. A synthetic urban VOC mixture was studied at NOx concentrations ranging from 25 to 167 ppb and VOC/NOx ratios ranging From 2.7 to 10. The results indicate that the mechanism underpredicts the rates of O-3 formation and NO oxidation by peroxy radicals by 15-30%. The maximum ozone concentration for VOC/NOx ratios of 8-10 was underpredicted by only about 10%. At lower VOC/NOx ratios the maximum amount of ozone formed is underpredicted by about 30%; however, an ozone concentration maximum is not always obtained. PAN is severely underpredicted (60-90%). Measured formaldehyde concentrations are in good agreement with the calculated concentrations. The individual hydrocarbons ethene and propene were also studied under similar conditions and the performance of the CB-IV mechanism for these compounds was tested. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd RP Simonaitis, R (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35661, USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 31 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(96)00155-0 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VP273 UT WOS:A1997VP27300004 ER PT J AU Center, TD Grodowitz, MJ Cofrancesco, AF Jubinsky, G Snoddy, E Freedman, JE AF Center, TD Grodowitz, MJ Cofrancesco, AF Jubinsky, G Snoddy, E Freedman, JE TI Establishment of Hydrellia pakistanae (Diptera: Ephydridae) for the biological control of the submersed aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in the southeastern United States SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE aquatic weeds; hydrilla control; biological control of weeds; Hydrellia pakistanae; Hydrilla verticillata; phytophagous insects; bioagent release techniques; Ephydridae; Hydrocharitaceae ID INSECTS; QUALITY; TESTS AB The Indian leaf-mining fly Hydrellia pakistanae Deonier was released in the United States during October 1987 as a potential agent for the biological control of the submersed aquatic plant, Hydrilla uerticillata (L.f.) Royle. Since then, nearly 3 million individuals have been released in four states at over 25 separate locations. Hydrellia pakistanae is now permanently established at many locations in Florida as well as other portions of the southeastern United States. Despite early failures, populations established from at least 70% of the release attempts. Modifications of rearing and release procedures that considered the biology of the agent in relation to various habitat characteristics facilitated successful establishment. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 USAE,WATERWAYS EXPT STN,VICKSBURG,MS. BUR AQUAT PLANT CONTROL,FLORIDA DEPT ENVIRONM PROTECT,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32399. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35611. RP Center, TD (reprint author), ARS,USDA,AQUAT PLANT CONTROL RES UNIT,3205 COLL AVE,FT LAUDERDALE,FL 33314, USA. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JAN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1006/bcon.1996.0491 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WB848 UT WOS:A1997WB84800009 ER PT J AU Joslin, JD Schoenholtz, SH AF Joslin, JD Schoenholtz, SH TI Measuring the environmental effects of converting cropland to short-rotation woody crops: A research approach SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environmental Guidelines for Developing Sustainable Energy Output from Biomass CY SEP 18-23, 1995 CL MACKINAC ISL, MICHIGAN SP Intl Energy Agcy DE short-rotation woody biomass crops; Platanus occidentalis; Liquidambar styraciflua; Populus deltoides; environmental impacts; erosion; water quality; soil quality ID SOIL AB Conversion of cropland to short-rotation woody biomass crops (SRWC) has received increasing interest as biomass utilization technologies have improved and concerns for effects of fossil fuel emissions on global climate have developed. Effects of this conversion on erosion, hydrology, water quality and soil productivity may be significant. A large cooperative research project began in the spring of 1995 at three sites representative of the lower Tennessee Valley to compare the environmental effects of growing traditional row crops with the production of SRWCs over 3- to 5-year rotations. This paper presents the research approach be used to evaluate these effects and a few preliminary results from the initial 3 months of the study. Small watersheds cultivated in row crops: corn (Zea mays L.) or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), are being compared with small watersheds in tree crops: sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), sweetgun (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) or eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) with respect to: (1) erosion; (2) run-off quality (nutrients, pesticides) and quantity; (3) groundwater quality; (4) soil chemical changes (carbon, nutrients, pesticides); (5) soil physical changes (infiltration, bulk density, aggregate stability); (6) soil biological changes; and (7) wildlife populations. During the spring and summer of the first growing season, few differences in run-off quantity and erosion were observed between treatments. One exception was a tendency towards higher erosion under cotton than cottonwood. Larger differences are expected in later years as trees become established and a litter layer develops. At two sites during the first growing season. differences between row crops and SRWCs were observed in both the runoff and leaching of NO3-N, NH4-N, P, Ca, Mg and K in spring following fertilization of the row crops only at these two sites. Wildlife studies on small mammals and bird populations, as well as microfauna, are just getting under way. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN USA. Mississippi Forestry & Wildlife Res Ctr, Coll Forest Resources, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Joslin, JD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN USA. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 4-5 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(97)10017-4 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA ZD308 UT WOS:000072672200012 ER PT S AU Sikora, FJ Behrends, LL Phillips, WD Coonrod, HS Bailey, E Bader, DF AF Sikora, FJ Behrends, LL Phillips, WD Coonrod, HS Bailey, E Bader, DF BE Bajpai, RK Zappi, ME TI A microcosm study on remediation of explosives-contaminated groundwater using constructed wetlands SO BIOREMEDIATION OF SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Bioremediation of Surface and Subsurface Contamination CY JAN 21-26, 1996 CL PALM COAST, FLORIDA ID NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; BIODEGRADATION C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. USA, Ctr Environm, Environm Technol Div, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Sikora, FJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Environm Res Ctr, POB 1010, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-064-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 829 BP 202 EP 218 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48576.x PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BK42N UT WOS:000072113200017 PM 9472322 ER PT B AU Beck, MJ Layton, AC Lajoie, CA Easter, JP Sayler, GS Barton, J Reeves, M AF Beck, MJ Layton, AC Lajoie, CA Easter, JP Sayler, GS Barton, J Reeves, M BE Sayler, GS Sanseverino, J Davis, KL TI An integrated treatment system for polychlorinated biphenyls remediation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT SE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment CY APR 14-17, 1996 CL KNOXVILLE, TN SP Eastman Chem Co, E I DuPont De Nemours & Co Inc, Procter & Gamble, IT Corp, Dow Chem Co, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Labs, GE, Univ Tennessee, Waste Management Res & Educ Inst, Bio Cleanup Report C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. RP Beck, MJ (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, CEB 1F, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45717-2 J9 ENVIR SCI R PY 1997 VL 54 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK14P UT WOS:000071321600008 ER PT B AU Brock, WG Adams, JS AF Brock, WG Adams, JS BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Overview and planning considerations for improving reservoir releases SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Brock, WG (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 447 EP 452 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300074 ER PT B AU March, PA Hopping, PN Fisher, RK AF March, PA Hopping, PN Fisher, RK BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Status and vision of turbine aeration SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Engn Lab, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP March, PA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Engn Lab, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 459 EP 464 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300076 ER PT B AU Hauser, GE Shiao, MC Parsly, JA Yeager, BL AF Hauser, GE Shiao, MC Parsly, JA Yeager, BL BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Modeling approaches for tailwater enhancement SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 TVA Resource Grp, Norris, TN 37828 USA. RP Hauser, GE (reprint author), TVA Resource Grp, Norris, TN 37828 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 471 EP 476 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300078 ER PT B AU Rucker, H Harshbarger, D AF Rucker, H Harshbarger, D BE Gulliver, JS Viollet, PL TI Monitoring dissolved oxygen and total dissolved gas in tailraces SO ENERGY AND WATER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - PROCEEDINGS OF THEME D: WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIIth Congress of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Research (XXVII IAHR) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. RP Rucker, H (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, Muscle Shoals, AL 35660 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0274-4 PY 1997 BP 477 EP 482 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Water Resources GA BM53N UT WOS:000079046300079 ER PT J AU Ball, G Lloyd-Zannetti, D Horii, B Birch, D Ricks, RE Lively, H AF Ball, Greg Lloyd-Zannetti, Debra Horii, Brian Birch, Dan Ricks, Robert E. Lively, Holly TI Integrated Local Transmission and Distribution Planning Using Customer Outage Costs SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Changing regulatory incentives in the electric power industry are forcing utility transmission and distribution (T&D) planners to change their approach to investment planning. To minimize the risk of over-investment, utilities need to perform an analysis of system capacity limitations which goes beyond traditional peak load and temperature planning, and routinely consider a variety of alternate incremental capacity expansion measures. Existing engineering tools are inadequate for determining the potential cost advantage of deferring an expansion, or for evaluating the net benefits of distributed resources (DR). Conversely, integrated resource planning (IRP) tools often underestimate or ignore important DR siting restrictions and operational impacts. This paper describes a process to identify T&D capacity constraints, evaluate conventional and alternative capacity additions and DR applications, and explore the risk of operating beyond limits imposed by current reliability practices. The process uses hourly load-flow information to quantify the total annual energy and customer outage costs. The same information is used to build plans incorporating and dispatching DR where they have the greatest impact on minimizing expansion needs. A detailed case study demonstrates the process by quantifying the economic benefits of deferring an expansion with a do-nothing plan. The study reveals both unforeseen advantages and impracticalities of DR use. C1 [Ball, Greg; Lloyd-Zannetti, Debra; Horii, Brian] Energy & Environm Econ Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. [Birch, Dan] Tennessee Valley Author, Market Res & Evaluat Grp, Nashville, TN USA. [Lively, Holly] Nashville Elect Serv, Nashville, TN USA. RP Ball, G (reprint author), Energy & Environm Econ Inc, 353 Sacramento St,Suite 1700, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 1997 BP 137 EP 160 PG 24 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V08JI UT WOS:000207324700008 ER PT B AU Behrends, LL Sikora, FJ Coonrad, SH Pier, PA Almond, RA Bader, DF AF Behrends, LL Sikora, FJ Coonrad, SH Pier, PA Almond, RA Bader, DF GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Phytoremediation of explosives in groundwater using constructed wetlands SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN. USA,CTR ENVIRONM,WASHINGTON,DC. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 315 EP 315 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00082 ER PT B AU Lackey, LW Boles, JL AF Lackey, LW Boles, JL GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Biofiltration of trichloroethylene-contaminated air streams using a propane-oxidizing consortium SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Chlorinated short-chain aliphatic compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) were once widely used industrial solvents and degreasing agents. Improper disposal practices have made chlorinated hydrocarbons one of the most frequently reported groundwater contaminants. Remediation schemes for TCE-contaminated materials often consist of pump and treat systems in series with air strippers. Within such remediation schemes, off-gas treatment systems are often necessary to achieve regulatory compliance. Bench-scale experimentation was conducted to test biofiltration technology as a potential mitigation system for such contaminated air streams. The biofilter contained 42 L of packing materials comprised of a pelletized mixture of composted poultry litter and pine bark, chopped kenaf, and pelletized dolomitic limestone. Bench-scale experimental TCE loading rates ranged from 6.5 - 15.4 mg L(-1)d(-1) while empty bed contact times (EBCT) varied between 15 and 60 min. Propane was delivered to the biofilter system in either a continuous or pulse-feeding fashion and ranged between 0.15 and 2.0 % (v/v). Removal efficiencies greater than 99 percent have been observed. RP Lackey, LW (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00043 ER PT J AU Yoon, KS Yoo, KH Soileau, JM AF Yoon, KS Yoo, KH Soileau, JM TI Nonpoint source (NPS) model simulation of tillage effects on water quality SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING & TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE NPS models; GLEAMS; EPIC; WEPP; Alabama; tillage ID PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; NUTRIENT LOSSES; SOIL LOSS; RUNOFF; SYSTEMS; SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; EROSION AB Three agricultural non-point source (NPS) models, GLEAMS, EPIC, and WEPP, were used to simulate the effects of two tillage systems on runoff and losses of sediment, N, and P from a field-sized watershed in the Tennessee valley region of Alabama. The field was cultivated with three years of conventional tillage (CVT) followed by three years of conservation tillage (CsT) of cotton. GLEAMS and EPIC underpredicted NO3-N losses in runoff for both tillage systems. EPIC simulated tillage effects on soluble-P losses better than GLEAMS. However, EPIC poorly predicted annual organic-N and P losses in sediment, mainly due to overpredicted sediment losses. The GLEAMS prediction of annual organic-N and P losses in sediment was more acceptable than that of EPIC. WEPP predicted sediment losses close to observed data for both tillage systems. However, EPIC simulation of sediment loss was not as accurate, because its limited definition of watershed profile prevented the model accounting for sediment deposition on the watershed depressional area. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,AGR RES DEPT,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP Yoon, KS (reprint author), SEOUL NATL UNIV,DEPT AGR ENGN,SUWON,SOUTH KOREA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1077-1204 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Environ. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1491 EP 1506 PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XC890 UT WOS:A1997XC89000015 ER PT J AU Smith, BT Ettema, R AF Smith, BT Ettema, R TI Ice-cover influence on flow structure over dunes SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL FLOWS; LAYER AB Laser-Doppler-velocimetry mappings of open-water and covered dune-bed flows show how cover presence and roughness influence overall channel resistance and flow structure, including turbulence quantities. The mappings show that skin friction along the upstream slope of dunes does not decrease, and may even increase initially, in response to cover presence and increasing cover roughness. Such an increase may be the immediate mechanism whereby an ice cover causes dunes to flatten. The mappings also show that dunes modify distributions of velocity and Reynolds stress from their flat-bed shapes to the extent that the two-layer hypothesis (which suggests ice-covered flows can be treated as a sandwich of two free surface flows) for analysis of ice covered flow is not accurate for dune-bed channels. C1 UNIV IOWA,IOWA INST HYDRAUL RES,IOWA CITY,IA 52242. RP Smith, BT (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH PI DELFT PA PO BOX 177, 2600 DELFT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 1997 VL 35 IS 5 BP 707 EP 720 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA YF106 UT WOS:A1997YF10600009 ER PT B AU Carson, WR Arnold, BJ Raleigh, CE Parekh, BK AF Carson, WR Arnold, BJ Raleigh, CE Parekh, BK BE Sakkestad, BA TI Coal pond fines cleaning with classifying cyclones, spirals, and column flotation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr AB Large reserves of coal pond fines are found in the Illinois Basin-over 40 million tons in Western Kentucky, over 65 million tons in Southern Illinois, and over 35 million tons in Southern Indiana. If these fines are used to produce coal-water slurry (CWS), fuel costs, NOx emissions, and pond closure costs can be reduced Coal fines from this region that are used to produce CWS for co-fire or re-burn may require processing, however, to attain proper particle size distribution and fuel quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of using coal cleaning technologies to control these CWS quality parameters, a simple flowsheet for recovering and processing coal pond fines was designed and tested. Coal fines processing consisted of using classifying cyclones to size at nominal minus 200 mesh, cleaning the classifying cyclone underflow using spirals, and cleaning the overflow using column froth notation. Ash content of the clean coal from the spiral was reduced to about 10 percent, which is satisfactory to use for CWS co-firing in cyclone-fired boiler. The dean coal from column notation may be used for re-bum in a cyclone-fired boiler or as co-fire fuel in a wall-fired or tangentially-fired boiler. Heating value recovery during laboratory-scale, pilot-scale, and commercial-scale coal cleaning testing was about 80 percent. RP Carson, WR (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,1101 MARKET ST,LP5W,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 585 EP 596 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00050 ER PT B AU Carson, WR Tillman, D AF Carson, WR Tillman, D BE Sakkestad, BA TI Cofiring coal-water slurry in cyclone boilers: Some combustion issues and considerations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON COAL UTILIZATION & FUEL SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization and Fuel Systems CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL CLEARWATER, FL SP Coal & Slurry Technol Assoc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Fuels & Combust Technol Div, US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr AB Coal-water slurry (CWS) has become a fuel of opportunity with the ability to impact fuel cost at selected power plants; at the same time it has the potential to reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by driving specific combustion mechanisms. CWS, produced from selected fines generated during coal cleaning operations, has been fired extensively at the Seward Generating Station of General Public Utilities (GPU), and testing has been initiated at cyclone plants as well. Initial combustion modeling of cyclones has shown that the critical issues associated with CWS firing in cyclones include the following: 1) the impact of CWS on fuel chemistry, with particular attention to fuel ash chemistry; 2) the impact of CWS on combustion temperatures; 3) the impact of CWS, and the consequent increased gas now in the cyclones, on combustion processes in the cyclone barrel and potentially on combustion in the primary furnace as well; 4) the consequence of combustion process changes on patterns of heat release in the cyclone barrel and in the primary furnace; 5) the ability of the CWS to impact NOx emissions in the cyclone; and 6) the impact of CWS on the formation of trace metal emissions. This paper reviews the results of cyclone boiler modeling, and also reviews some results of initial cyclone testing related to the results of the modeling efforts. RP Carson, WR (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,1101 MARKET ST,LP5W,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COAL & SLURRY TECHNOLOGY ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1156 15TH ST NW, SUITE 505, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 BN 0-932066-22-4 PY 1997 BP 627 EP 638 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJ01Q UT WOS:A1997BJ01Q00054 ER PT B AU Bruns, D AF Bruns, D GP SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT SAS USERS GRP INT TI The utter "simplicity?" of the TABULATE procedure - The final chapter SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SAS USERS GROUP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual SAS Users Group International Conference (SUGI 22) CY MAR 16-19, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SAS Users Grp Int C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Bruns, D (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, 1101 Market St MP 2B, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAS INST INC PI CARY PA SAS CIRCLE, PO BOX 8000, CARY, NC 27511 USA BN 1-55544-961-1 PY 1997 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK10B UT WOS:000071189600042 ER PT J AU Steinberg, SL AF Steinberg, SL TI Mass and energy exchange between the atmosphere and leaf influence gas pressurization in aquatic plants SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE aquatic plants; gas pressurization; modelling; mass and energy exchange ID TYPHA-ANGUSTIFOLIA L; TRIN EX STEUD; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; CONVECTIVE THROUGHFLOW; TRANSPORT SYSTEM; NELUMBO-NUCIFERA; WATER-VAPOR; LATIFOLIA L; FLOW; LEAVES AB A mechanistic model was used to describe how mass and energy exchange between a leaf and air affect internal pressurization in aquatic plants. The core of the model is the calculation of the temperature of a leaf for which the energy balance is zero. The leaf temperature and water vapour gradient between leaf and air are then used to calculate potential pressurization. Simulations with the model were used to demonstrate the sensitivity of gas pressurization in aquatic plants to key environmental and physiological factors including radiation, temperature, humidity, wind speed, leaf size and leaf conductance. The model confirms other published data showing that humidity-induced pressurization is the dominant mode of pressurization under most conditions. The simulations also demonstrated that thermal transpiration and humidity-induced pressurization are not separate phenomena, but are dependent on the energy balance of the leaf, which in turn is affected by complex interactions between the leaf and environment. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS RES & DEV CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD DEC PY 1996 VL 134 IS 4 BP 587 EP 599 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04924.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WA814 UT WOS:A1996WA81400004 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Song, A Norris, WB Gupta, S McNider, RT AF Mueller, SF Song, A Norris, WB Gupta, S McNider, RT TI Modeling pollutant transport during high-ozone episodes in the southern Appalachian mountains SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL-MODEL; UNITED-STATES; SYSTEM; LAYER; SIMULATION; DISPERSION; RAMS AB Airflow patterns and pollution transport in the southern Appalachian Mountains region of the southeastern United States are examined using mesoscale meteorological models and a Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM). The two primary goals of this work are 1) to identify a meteorological modelling methodology that can be used in regional photochemical modelling, and 2) to identify large regional ozone precursor sources that may impact the southern Appalachians during periods having high ozone levels. Four episodes characterized by measured high levels of ozone (1-h average concentrations greater than 90 ppb) at remote monitoring sites are the focus of the modelling efforts. To address the first goal, several methods of airflow modelling involving varying degrees of complexity are examined to find one that reliably simulates the complex wind patterns that occur. A hydrostatic model with homogeneous initialization, a,nonhydrostatic model with homogeneous initialization, and a nonhydrostatic model with nonhomogeneous initialization and four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) are evaluated against available wind observations. The method using nonhomogeneous initialization and FDDA is found to best reproduce observed wind patterns. Results of a test of model sensitivity to the strength of the FDDA are described. In addressing the second project goal, a LPDM driven by computed meteorological fields is used to simulate the potential for ozone precursor emissions (in the form of NOx) to be transported from nearby major sources toward the mountains. LPDM simulations indicate that one of the urban areas was the most likely source to influence the monitoring sites experiencing high ozone levels during three of the four episodes. However, none of the plumes are computed to be over the monitoring sites for the length of time that the high ozone concentrations were actually observed. Detailed air quality data for one episode suggest the presence of a large urban plume passing over the mountains and originating from outside the modelling domain. This implies that a larger domain is needed for photochemical modelling. C1 UNIV ALABAMA,HUNTSVILLE,AL 35899. RP Mueller, SF (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 35 IS 11 BP 2105 EP 2120 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<2105:MPTDHO>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VV053 UT WOS:A1996VV05300014 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Susfalk, RB Brewer, PF AF Johnson, DW Susfalk, RB Brewer, PF TI Simulated responses of red spruce forest soils to reduced sulfur and nitrogen deposition SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; CALCIUM DEFICIENCY; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DECLINE; ALUMINUM; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; RESPIRATION; INDICATORS AB Implications of reducing S and N deposition on red spruce forests of the southern Appalachians are explored using the Nutrient Cycling Model (NuCM). We hypothesized that reducing deposition would cause (i) large reductions in soil solution NO3-, SO42-, Al and Ca/Al ratios, but Oil small changes in exchangeable base cation reserves. Hypothesis (i) was supported in part: simulated reduction in atmospheric deposition had substantial and nearly immediate effects upon soil solution mineral acid anions, Ca2+, and Al3+ concentrations. Ca/Al molar ratios were much less sensitive to changes in deposition and soil solution ionic strength than either Ca2+ or Al3+ separately. Hypothesis (ii) was not supported: although the increases in base saturation and exchangeable cation pools were small relative to cation exchange, they were large relative to initial exchangeable base cation pools. These changes in base cation pools and base saturation were of sufficient magnitude to affect simulated soil solution composition during a very short time. C1 UNIV NEVADA,RENO,NV 89512. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), UNIV NEVADA,DESERT RES INST,POB 60220,RENO,NV 89506, USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1300 EP 1309 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VW226 UT WOS:A1996VW22600032 ER PT J AU Thornton, FC Bock, BR Tyler, DD AF Thornton, FC Bock, BR Tyler, DD TI Soil emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide from injected anhydrous ammonium and urea SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NO; DENITRIFICATION; FERTILIZATION AB This study characterizes soil emissions of NO and N2O from banded applications of anhydrous ammonium (AA) and urea over the period from 6 May 1994 to 12 Sept. 1994 from a loess sell in western Tennessee. The N application rate for both sources was 168 kg ha(-1). Fertilizer type strongly influenced emissions of N2O (F = 231; P = 0.0001) and NO (F = 69; P = 0.0001). During the 129 d measurement period, the AA treatment lost 12.33 kg of N2O-N or 7.33% of the applied N. The N2O-N loss from the urea treatment was about one-half that from AA; 6.34 kg ha(-1) or 3.77% of the applied N. Loss of NO-N from both treatments was small compared with N2O-N loss, The urea treatment lost 0.27 kg ha(-1) as NO-N and the AA treatment lost 0.2 kg ha(-1) during the study period. While the measured loss rate of N2O-N from AA is similar to previous literature estimates, our values for urea are the 20 to 40 times greater than the current literature reports of N2O-N loss of 0.1 to 0.2% of the urea applied. Higher N2O losses from urea in this study may be related to the fact that urea was banded below the soil surface, whereas urea has been broadcast on the soil surface in other N2O emissions studies. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,W TENNESSEE AGR EXP STN,JACKSON,TN 38501. RP Thornton, FC (reprint author), TVA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 31 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1996 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1378 EP 1384 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VW226 UT WOS:A1996VW22600043 ER PT J AU Harmon, BA Laird, CE Fishman, GJ Parnell, TA Camp, DC Frederick, CE Hurley, DL Lindstrom, DJ Moss, CE Reedy, RC Reeves, JH Smith, AR Winn, WG Benton, EV AF Harmon, BA Laird, CE Fishman, GJ Parnell, TA Camp, DC Frederick, CE Hurley, DL Lindstrom, DJ Moss, CE Reedy, RC Reeves, JH Smith, AR Winn, WG Benton, EV TI Induced radioactivity of LDEF materials and structural components SO RADIATION MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPACECRAFT; BE-7 AB We present an overview of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) induced activation measurements. The LDEF, which was gravity-gradient stabilized, was exposed to the low Earth orbit (LEG) radiation environment over a 5.8 year period. Retrieved activation samples and structural components from the spacecraft were analyzed with low and ultra-low background HPGe gamma spectrometry at several national facilities. This allowed a very sensitive measurement of long-lived radionuclides produced by proton- and neutron-induced reactions in the time-dependent, non-isotropic LEO environment. A summary of major findings from this study is given that consists of directionally dependent activation, depth profiles, thermal neutron activation, and surface beryllium-7 deposition from the upper atmosphere. We also describe a database of these measurements that has been prepared for use in testing radiation environmental models and spacecraft design. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIV, DEPT PHYS, RICHMOND, KY 40475 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DIV NUCL CHEM, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, WESTERN AREA RADIOL LAB, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, DIV NUCL SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. NASA, LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR, HOUSTON, TX 77058 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO, AIKEN, SC 29808 USA. UNIV SAN FRANCISCO, PHYS RES LAB, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94117 USA. RP Harmon, BA (reprint author), NASA, GEORGE C MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CTR, HUNTSVILLE, AL 35812 USA. OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1350-4487 J9 RADIAT MEAS JI Radiat. Meas. PD NOV PY 1996 VL 26 IS 6 BP 863 EP 880 DI 10.1016/S1350-4487(96)00094-7 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA WD818 UT WOS:A1996WD81800016 PM 11540519 ER PT J AU Thornton, FC Shurpali, NJ AF Thornton, FC Shurpali, NJ TI Estimation of the source strength of soil NOx in the Nashville, Tennessee, urban area SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-OXIDE EMISSIONS; UNITED-STATES; INVENTORY; MODEL; SITE AB Soil biogenic NOx emissions are an important part of the total global NOx budget. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the soil NOx source in an urban-metropolitan area. We measured the emissions from soils within the urban-metropolitan land use area of Nashville, Tennessee, and surrounding Davidson County, to estimate the importance of this source in the overall NOx budget of Davidson County. Nashville is currently in nonattainment for ozone (O-3), and a State Implementation Plan (SIP) has been promulgated to help achieve compliance of the O-3 standard. Using geographic information systems imagery and aerial photographs, we determined the extent of urban-metropolitan soils within the Nashville area. Results indicated that 409 km(2), or approximately 34% of the county, was classified as residential or urban, with the predominant vegetation being grass (68%). The residential sector was the largest with 323 km(2), the urban area comprising 87 km(2), and a total area of 8 km(2) of golf courses. Soil NOx emission measurements were made in approximate proportion to the major land use types using static chamber techniques. Results indicated that urban-metropolitan soils were not an important source of soil NOw(x). Approximately 10 Mg NOx, or 0.003% of the total annual NOx budget of Davidson County, is estimated to be emitted by urban soils annually. Additionally, the remaining soil sources in the county, forests and agricultural land, contributed 179 Mg, or 0.66% of the total annual NOx budget. While soil NOx emissions were concluded to be a negligible component of the Davidson County budget, their contribution to the NOx budget of the surrounding four counties in the STP area was significant. Extrapolation of soil NOx emissions for three of the four counties within the SIP area indicated that soil biogenic NOx emissions contributed from 7.0 to 9.8% of the daily average NOx budget during the months of June through August. Because of the soil temperature dependence of soil NOx emissions, it was estimated that during the hottest July days the soil biogenic component could contribute over 17% of the total NOx in some SIP counties. RP Thornton, FC (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, CHEM ENGN BLDG 2A, POB 1010, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35662 USA. RI Shurpali, Narasinha/K-5794-2013 OI Shurpali, Narasinha/0000-0003-1052-4396 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1996 VL 101 IS D17 BP 22817 EP 22821 DI 10.1029/96JD01834 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA VN184 UT WOS:A1996VN18400007 ER PT J AU Pauley, EF Nodvin, SC Nicholas, NS Rose, AK Coffey, TB AF Pauley, EF Nodvin, SC Nicholas, NS Rose, AK Coffey, TB TI Vegetation, biomass, and nitrogen pools in a spruce-fir forest of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park SO BULLETIN OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB LA English DT Article DE Abies fraseri; Betula alleghaniensis; biomass; Fraser fir; Great Smoky Mountains; nitrogen; Picea rubens; red spruce; spruce-fir; vegetation ID RED SPRUCE; FRASER FIR; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; REGENERATION; POPULATION; MORTALITY; BOLES AB Unlike most forests, Picea rubens-Abies fraseri forests of the Great Smoky Mountains appear to be saturated with nitrogen (N). However, studies of N cycling in these forests have been carried out only in a few small plots. To expand these data to a landscape scale, studies of N dynamics were initiated in 1991 in an unlogged 17.4 ha watershed. An initial phase of these studies, presented here, was the estimation of overstory species composition, biomass, and standing N pools, and their spatial distributions, in that watershed. Picea comprised most live basal area and biomass and showed no obviously unusual mortality or health symptoms. Abies, although formerly abundant, was a minor overstory component, consisting mostly of small individuals at the highest elevations. Most Abies have been killed by an exotic insect pest, Adelges piceae. Biomass of Betula alleghaniensis was high on low-elevation east-facing slopes near streams. Picea contained 71% of the live overstory N, while Abies contained less than 2%. Although Picea foliage comprised only 6% of live biomass, 37% of the total N content was in Picea needles. Overall, some species distributions reflect well-known landscape patterns (e.g., increasing Abies importance with elevation); distributions of other species (e.g., Picea and Betula) reflect smaller-scale topographic and possibly disturbance-oriented patterns. The watershed is large enough to encompass vegetation patterns at several spatial scales, all of which will influence N storage and dynamics. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ECOL & EVOLUT,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UNIV TENNESSEE,NATL BIOL SERV,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA EXPT STN,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. RP Pauley, EF (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0040-9618 J9 B TORREY BOT CLUB JI Bull. Torrey Bot. Club PD OCT-DEC PY 1996 VL 123 IS 4 BP 318 EP 329 DI 10.2307/2996781 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WC521 UT WOS:A1996WC52100009 ER PT J AU Adams, SM Ham, KD Greeley, MS LeHew, RF Hinton, DE Saylor, CF AF Adams, SM Ham, KD Greeley, MS LeHew, RF Hinton, DE Saylor, CF TI Downstream gradients in bioindicator responses: Point source contaminant effects on fish health SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PULP-MILL EFFLUENTS; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CATOSTOMUS-COMMERSONI POPULATION; BALTIC COASTAL FISH; ST-MAURICE RIVER; STEROID-LEVELS; BLEACHED PULP; PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MFO ACTIVITY AB To investigate potential causal relationships between contaminant exposure and biological responses in fish, a suite of bioindicators ranging from the biochemical to the community-level were measured in fish populations and communities downstream from a bleached kraft mill effluent discharge. Downstream gradients in responses were evident in elevated hepatic mixed-function oxygenase activity, several measures of condition and bioenergetic status, growth, the health assessment index, and several fish community-level parameters. A multivariate discriminant analysis procedure, which included many of the individual bioindicators, also demonstrated a gradient in integrated health status of a sentinel fish species in the contaminated river. These downstream response gradients were probably influenced to a greater degree by contaminant discharges than by natural or anthropogenic nutrient sources downstream. Establishing causal relationships between a specific contaminant source and responses in sentinel aquatic organisms becomes relatively more straightforward when downstream gradients in biological responses are observed at multiple levels of biological organization. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT ANAT PHYS & CELL BIOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, AQUAT BIOL LAB, NORRIS, TN 37828 USA. RP Adams, SM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Greeley, Mark/D-2330-2016 OI Greeley, Mark/0000-0002-6088-5942 NR 81 TC 59 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 53 IS 10 BP 2177 EP 2187 DI 10.1139/cjfas-53-10-2177 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA WE260 UT WOS:A1996WE26000003 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Jones, KB Wade, TG AF Wickham, JD Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Jones, KB Wade, TG TI Landscape 'contagion' in raster and vector environments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS AB Raster land cover data has been used to construct adjacency matrices by scanning the pixel edges and calculating proportions according to the land cover types joined. Like joins (e.g., forest to forest) are most common because pixel size is typically much smaller than the average patch size. The dominance of like joins (the matrix diagonal) of the adjacency matrix has led to one interpretation of the matrix as landscape contagion (the tendency of land cover to cluster into a few, large patches). Construction of the adjacency matrix in a vector environment results in a different measurement. In a vector environment, land cover patches are not sub-divided into pixels. Therefore, the main diagonal of the adjacency matrix is zero. Construction of an adjacency matrix in a vector environment estimates the evenness of distribution of edge types, not contagion. The same edge type evenness metric is estimated in a raster environment by ignoring the matrix diagonal and re-scaling the off-diagonal elements so that they sum to one (1). C1 DESERT RES INST,CTR BIOL SCI,RENO,NV 89512. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE PROGRAM,HIST FORESTRY BLDG,17 RIDGEWAY RD,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0269-3798 J9 INT J GEOGR INF SYST JI Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Syst. PD OCT-NOV PY 1996 VL 10 IS 7 BP 891 EP 899 DI 10.1080/02693799608902115 PG 9 WC Geography; Information Science & Library Science SC Geography; Information Science & Library Science GA VH727 UT WOS:A1996VH72700006 ER PT J AU McFarland, MJ Beck, M Harper, S Deshmuck, K AF McFarland, MJ Beck, M Harper, S Deshmuck, K TI Anoxic treatment of trifluralin-contaminated soil SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE anoxic; soil treatment; trifluralin AB Amending anoxic soils with stoichiometric amounts of sodium acetate led to the complete transformation of trifluralin within the 45 day treatment period, Under these conditions, a maximum trifluralin transformation rate of 4.9 mg kg(-1) of soil per day was estimated, which corresponded to a chemical half life of 11.9 days. Regression analyses indicated that the zero order rate model provided the best fit to the experimental data, suggesting that the trifluralin transformation rate is independent of concentration during acetate addition. Using radiolabeled trifluralin, it was determined that the principal contaminant transformation mechanisms were degradation and bound residue formation (i.e., irreversible adsorption). Volatilization and mineralization of trifluralin were found to be negligible over the 45 day treatment period. Using poisoned controls, it was determined that trifluralin transformation under acetate-amended conditions was biologically mediated, Amending trifluralin contaminated soils with stoichiometric amounts of iron sulfide resulted in complete trifluralin transformation within 24 hours of treatment. A maximum trifluralin transformation rate of 380 mg kg(-1) of soil per day was estimated for this system, which corresponded to a chemical half life of 4.4 h. The rates of trifluralin transformation followed the first-order kinetic model during iron sulfide addition. Using radiolabeled trifluralin, it was found that chemical degradation was the principal removal mechanism. Neither volatilization nor mineralization was found to be a significant contaminant removal mechanism during iron sulfide treatment. Poisoned controls indicated that trifluralin transformation was mediated primarily by an abiotic chemical reaction mechanism. Additional study is required to clarify the rate limiting steps so that full scale soil treatment systems may be properly designed. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NATL FERTILIZER & ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP McFarland, MJ (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,UTAH WATER RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT PY 1996 VL 50 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1016/0304-3894(96)01788-8 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA VM598 UT WOS:A1996VM59800002 ER PT J AU Felsot, AS AF Felsot, AS TI Potential of biostimulation to enhance dissipation of herbicide residues in landfarmed waste. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,RICHLAND,WA 99352. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 25 PY 1996 VL 212 BP 96 EP AGRO PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA VA915 UT WOS:A1996VA91500231 ER PT J AU Neton, MJ Dorsch, J Olson, CD Young, SC AF Neton, MJ Dorsch, J Olson, CD Young, SC TI Architecture and directional scales of heterogeneity in alluvial-fan aquifers - Reply SO JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH SECTION B-STRATIGRAPHY AND GLOBAL STUDIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEDIMENTARY RESPONSE; NEW-MEXICO; NORWAY; CONGLOMERATE; TECTONISM; DEPOSITS; MONTANA; MODELS; BASINS; RIFT C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT GEOL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 76 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY PI TULSA PA 1731 E 71ST STREET, TULSA, OK 74136-5108 SN 1073-1318 J9 J SEDIMENT RES B JI J. Sediment. Res. Sect. B-Stratigr. Glob. Stud. PD AUG 15 PY 1996 VL 65 IS 3 BP 411 EP 415 PG 5 WC Geology SC Geology GA UE757 UT WOS:A1996UE75700012 ER PT J AU Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Wickham, JD Jones, KB AF Riitters, KH ONeill, RV Wickham, JD Jones, KB TI A note on contagion indices for landscape analysis SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spatial pattern; image texture; information index; computation; statistics ID SPATIAL PATTERN AB The landscape contagion index measures the degree of clumping of attributes on raster maps. The index is computed from the frequencies by which different pairs of attributes occur as adjacent pixels on a map. Because there are subtle differences in the way the attribute adjacencies may be tabulated, the standard index formula may not always apply, and published index values may not be comparable. This paper derives formulas for the contagion index that apply for different ways of tabulating attribute adjacencies - with and without preserving the order of pixels in pairs, and by using two different ways of determining pixel adjacency. When the order of pixels in pairs is preserved, the standard formula is obtained. When the order is not preserved, a new formula is obtained because the number of possible attribute adjacency states is smaller. Estimated contagion is also smaller when each pixel pair is counted twice (instead of once) because double-counting pixel adjacencies makes the attribute adjacency matrix symmetric across the main diagonal. RP Riitters, KH (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,HIST FORESTRY BLDG,17 RIDGEWAY RD,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 15 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPB ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, NL-1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 11 IS 4 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1007/BF02071810 PG 6 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA VC127 UT WOS:A1996VC12700002 ER PT J AU Adams, G AF Adams, G TI Organizational transformation and process reengineering - Edosomwan,JA SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Book Review RP Adams, G (reprint author), TVA,BUSINESS QUAL,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD AUG PY 1996 VL 29 IS 8 BP 141 EP 141 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA VB229 UT WOS:A1996VB22900032 ER PT J AU Cole, LA Stansberry, CJ Le, KD Ma, HW AF Cole, LA Stansberry, CJ Le, KD Ma, HW TI Client-server technology meets operational-planning challenges SO IEEE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN POWER LA English DT Article C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,OPERAT PLANNING GRP,KNOXVILLE,TN. ABB POWER T&D INC,COUGAR DEV,STAMFORD,CT. RP Cole, LA (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENERGY MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0895-0156 J9 IEEE COMPUT APPL POW JI IEEE Comput. Appl. Power PD JUL PY 1996 VL 9 IS 3 BP 45 EP 49 DI 10.1109/67.526854 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA UV322 UT WOS:A1996UV32200013 ER PT J AU Thornton, FC Valente, RJ AF Thornton, FC Valente, RJ TI Soil emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide from no-till corn SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID N2O; DENITRIFICATION AB Fertilized agricultural soils can be a significant source of emissions of NO and N2O into the atmosphere. This study was conducted to determine the influence of N rate on the emissions of these gases in a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) crop grown in western Tennessee. The influence of N rate was assessed for a 210-d period on replicated plots receiving 0, 140, and 252 kg N ha(-1) (0N, 140N, and 252N) as ammonium nitrate (AN). Plots were located on a Routon silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Ochraqualf) at the West Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in Jackson, TN. Gas fluxes were measured by static chamber boxes located on plots. The measurement technique was automated and replicate chamber estimates were made eight times daily for the entire study period. Fertilizer application significantly affected both NO and N2O emission rates. The cumulative N2O-N lost from the fertilizer treatments was from 10 to 20-fold that of NO. On an areal basis, the 140N treatment emitted 4.23 kg N2O-N and 0.19 kg ha(-1) of NO-N whereas the 252N treatment emitted 6.56 kg N2O-N and 0.50 kg ha(-1) NO-N. Soil parameters of water-filled pore space (WFPS), NO3- and NH4+, were correlated with N2O emissions but only soil NO3- was correlated with NO flux. Our data, and more recent data in the literature, suggest that N2O emissions from fertilized soil may be considerably higher than previously thought. Emissions of N2O were 2.6 to 3.0% of the fertilizer amounts applied. These higher emissions may, in part, explain some of the reason for the shortfall in the global N2O budget. RP Thornton, FC (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, CHEM ENGN BLDG, ROOM 210, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35662 USA. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1996 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1127 EP 1133 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UW890 UT WOS:A1996UW89000024 ER PT J AU Chen, CW Herr, J Goldstein, RA Sagona, FJ Rylant, KE Hauser, GE AF Chen, CW Herr, J Goldstein, RA Sagona, FJ Rylant, KE Hauser, GE TI Watershed risk analysis model for TVA's Holston River basin SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Clean Water Conference on Clean Water - Factors That Influence Its Availability, Quality and Its Use CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Edison Elect Inst, Empire State Elect Energy Res Corp, Int Energy Agcy, Coal Res, UK, Power Gen, UK, US DOE, PETC DE watershed; water quality; point source vs nonpoint source pollution; decision variables AB The Electric Power Research Institute has launched a research project to develop a conceptual risk analysis framework for watershed management of point and nonpoint source pollution. The research leads to the design of an engineering model to 1) process and translate water quality data (coliform BOD, DO, suspended solids, temperature, sediment etc.) into decision variables (suitability for water contact sports and swimming fish spawning fish survival, human consumption of fish, and freedom from algal nuisance, etc.) and 2) predict water quality improvements from proposed management alternatives. Actual development of the model is being carried out with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) for the Holston River watershed. The effort includes model construction by importation of GIS map files, stringing together existing watershed and reservoir models, calibration of the model, and selection of decision variables and water quality check points. The model calculates hydrology, waste load, water quality and suitability of fish habitats at headwaters. The base case results and improvements after best management alternatives will be compared to the data observed by TVA's River Action Team. The final product will be a user friendly tool that stakeholders can use to find a cost effective method of improving water quality, including market-based pollution trading. C1 ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA 94303. TVA,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. TVA,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. TVA,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37918. RP Chen, CW (reprint author), SYSTECH ENGN,3180 CROW CANYON PL 260,SAN RAMON,CA 94583, USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UX485 UT WOS:A1996UX48500008 ER PT J AU Lindquist, K McGee, M Cole, L AF Lindquist, K McGee, M Cole, L TI TVA-EPRI River Resource Aid (TERRA) - Reservoir and power operations Decision Support System SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Clean Water Conference on Clean Water - Factors That Influence Its Availability, Quality and Its Use CY NOV 28-30, 1995 CL LA JOLLA, CA SP Elect Power Res Inst, Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Edison Elect Inst, Empire State Elect Energy Res Corp, Int Energy Agcy, Coal Res, UK, Power Gen, UK, US DOE, PETC DE Decision Support System; reservoir operations; water resource management; numerical modeling; thermal compliance; geographic information system; water quality; dissolved oxygen AB The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have developed software to assist utilities in coordinating power and reservoir operations while balancing multiple objectives. The INTEGRAL project consists of a Decision Support System (DSS) and a Power and Reservoir System Scheduling Model (PRSYM). The DSS, as tailored to the TVA power and reservoir system, is the TVA-EPRI River Resource Aid (TERRA). TERRA is a decision support system that integrates tracking, display, and modeling tools. TERRA provides historical, current, and forecast data to users at several locations to help resolve problems in operation, forecasting, and planning. Graphical displays are featured for individual power plants and reservoirs and on a system-wide basis. TERRA tracks constraints that affect operations and flags non-compliance. Constraints consist of flow, dissolved oxygen, and temperature limits for regulatory compliance, recreation, lake improvement, and special operations. Numerical models may be run from TERRA to predict water temperatures and flows at selected power plants to aid in reservoir operations to comply with thermal limits and minimum flow requirements. TERRA uses a geographic information system (GIS) background map of the Tennessee River Valley. The TERRA software is adaptable to other reservoir systems by changing the GIS background map and reconfiguring other system features. RP Lindquist, K (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR ENGN LAB,PO DRAWER E,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD JUL PY 1996 VL 90 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 150 DI 10.1007/BF00619276 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UX485 UT WOS:A1996UX48500016 ER PT J AU Wullschleger, SD Hanson, PJ Edwards, GS AF Wullschleger, SD Hanson, PJ Edwards, GS TI Growth and maintenance respiration in leaves of northern red oak seedlings and mature trees after 3 years of ozone exposure SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Quercus rubra; air pollution; oxidative stress; photosynthesis; respiratory metabolism ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; DARK RESPIRATION; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; AIR-POLLUTION; PINUS-TAEDA; WHITE-PINE; FIELD; AMBIENT; ALLOCATION AB A two-component model of growth and maintenance respiration is used to study the response of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings and 32-year-old trees to subambient (10 mu mol h; cumulative dose based on 7 h daily mean), ambient (43 mu mol h), and twice-ambient (85 mu mol h) ozone, The relative growth rates (RGR) of leaves sampled from seedlings and trees were similar across treatments, as were specific leaf respiration rates (SRR). Growth coefficients estimated from the SRR versus RGR relationship averaged 25.3 mol CO2 kg(-1) leaf dry mass produced for seedlings and 21.5 mol kg(-1) for trees, Maintenance coefficients ranged from 0.89 to 1.07 mol CO2 kg(-1) leaf dry mass d(-1) for seedlings and from 0.64 to 0.84 mol kg(-1) d(-1) for trees, Neither coefficient was affected by ozone, Leaves sampled throughout the growing season also showed little response of respiration to ozone, This occurred despite a 30% reduction in net photosynthesis for trees grown at twice-ambient ozone, These results suggest that growth and maintenance respiration in young northern red oak leaves are not affected by ozone and that in older leaves injury can occur without a parallel increase in so-called 'maintenance' respiration. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,COOPERAT FOREST STUDIES PROGRAM,TVA FORESTRY PROGRAM,NORRIS,TN 37828. RP Wullschleger, SD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0EL SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD MAY PY 1996 VL 19 IS 5 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00391.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA UL148 UT WOS:A1996UL14800009 ER PT J AU McKinney, AD Wade, DC AF McKinney, AD Wade, DC TI Comparative response of Ceriodaphnia dubia and juvenile Anodonta imbecillis to pulp and paper mill effluents discharged to the Tennessee river and its tributaries SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE whole effluent toxicity; juvenile mussels; bioassay; pulp; paper AB The responses of Ceriodaphnia dubia (daphnid) in a 7-d chronic daily-renewal bioassay and 6-d-old juvenile Anodonta imbecillis (paper pondshell mussel) in a 9-d acute daily-renewal bioassay are compared. Values for relative sensitivity to selected complex, industrial, whole-effluent samples were generated following determination of either observed or calculated no-observable-effect concentrations (NOEC). Results from tests using effluents from six pulp and paper products facilities in the Tennessee River Valley indicate that A. imbecillis juveniles are substantially more sensitive than C. dubia to selected effluents. It is suggested that a juvenile mussel bioassay should be used to assess the toxicity of effluent releases to waters with freshwater mussel resources. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,OFF SERV ANNEX,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP McKinney, AD (reprint author), TENNESSEE WILDLIFE RESOURCES AGCY,POB 40747,NASHVILLE,TN 37204, USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 1996 VL 15 IS 4 BP 514 EP 517 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<0514:SCCROC>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA UD132 UT WOS:A1996UD13200016 ER PT J AU Katsukawa, H Ishikawa, H Okajima, H Cease, TW AF Katsukawa, H Ishikawa, H Okajima, H Cease, TW TI Development of an optical current transducer with a bulk type Faraday sensor for metering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1995 IEEE/PES Summer Meeting CY JUL 23-25, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP IEEE, PES DE optical current transducer; BSO; Faraday sensor; optical rotatory power; Verdet's constant; and optical fiber AB An optical current transducer (OCT) with a bulk type Faraday sensor demonstrated 0.3 % class accuracy for metering. The Faraday sensor had Bi12SiO20 (BSO) single crystals with right and left optical rotatory power to cancel out temperature dependency. A prototype 161 kV OCT installed in a TVA substation verified 0.3 % class performance. The OCT had the Faraday sensor, a gapped magnetic iron core, a 1.6 m optical insulator, and an optical interface. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN. RP Katsukawa, H (reprint author), NGK INSULATORS LTD,NAGOYA,AICHI,JAPAN. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD APR PY 1996 VL 11 IS 2 BP 702 EP 707 DI 10.1109/61.489326 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA UC805 UT WOS:A1996UC80500012 ER PT J AU Zhou, SD McCaskey, TA Broder, J AF Zhou, SD McCaskey, TA Broder, J TI Evaluation of nitrogen supplements for bioconversion of municipal solid waste to lactic acid SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL VAIL, CO SP US DOE, Off Alternat Fuels, US DOE, Off Ind Proc, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, A E Staley Mfg Co, Archer Daniel Midland Co, Bio Tech Resources L P, Chronopol Inc, Colorado Inst Res Biotechnol, Dow Chem, DuPont Co, Enzyme Bio Syst Ltd, FermPro Mfg L P, Gist Brocades, Golden Technol Co Inc, Grain Proc Corp, Martin Marietta Energy Syst, Natl Corn Growers Assoc, New Energy Co Indiana, L P, Raphael Katzen Associated Int Inc, S Point Ethanol, St Lawrence Technol Inc, Weyerhaeuser, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol DE municipal solid waste; fermentation; nitrogen supplements; MSW bioconversion; lactic acid production AB Previous studies conducted by the authors showed that the ingredients of Elliker broth could be used as fermentation adjuncts for the bioconversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) acid hydrolysate to lactic acid. Five kinds of inexpensive organic nitrogen supplements were evaluated for their potential to replace more expensive nitrogen sources derived from tryptone and yeast extract, which are the nitrogenous components of Elliker broth. At a soluble nitrogen concentration of 0.28%, which is equivalent to that supplied by tryptone and yeast extract, soybean meal and cottonseed meal were the best alternative nitrogen sources and compared favorably to tryptone and yeast extract in terms of lactic acid production. Soybean meal nitrogen of 0.21% was the minimum nitrogen requirement for maximum production of lactic acid. When soybean meal was used as the nitrogen source, the addition of 1.91% phosphate as monobasic potassium phosphate significantly improved lactic acid production, bur no improvement occurred below 1.91%. Ascorbic acid and sodium acetate are also components of Elliker broth, and the omission of these from the fermentation substrate did not affect lactic acid production. When 0.21% soluble soybean meal nitrogen and 0.4% sodium chloride were supplied to double-sugar MSW (DSMSW) hydrolysate, the amount of carbohydrate used, the percent of carbohydrate converted, the amount of lactic acid produced, and the percent yield after 3 d of fermentation were 78.3 mg/mL, 91%, 68.7 mg/mL, and 88%, respectively. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT ANIM & DAIRY SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,BIOTECH RES DEPT,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 1996 VL 57-8 BP 517 EP 524 DI 10.1007/BF02941731 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA UL857 UT WOS:A1996UL85700051 ER PT J AU Painter, MK Tennessen, KJ Richardson, TD AF Painter, MK Tennessen, KJ Richardson, TD TI Effects of repeated applications of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on the mosquito predator Erythemis simplicicollis (Odonata: Libellulidae) from hatching to final instar SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dragonfly; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis effects; nontarget; life cycle; predator ID MATING SUCCESS; INVERTEBRATES; EFFICACY; DIPTERA AB Nymphs of a common dragonfly, Erythemis simplicicollis (Say), were exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis de Barjac at 1.2 ppm once a week for an entire life cycle in a controlled laboratory environment. Eight weekly applications were administered to 2 treatment groups: external contact only, and external + internal contact using prey (mostly anopheline larvae) that had fed on B. thuringiensis. Each B. thuringiensis-treated group and a control group consisted of 15 nymphs. Mortality was not affected by B. thuringiensis applications. Repeated B. thuringiensis applications did not affect development to the adult stage, morphology, or maiden flight capability. Nymph size of the external contact group, measured by kind femur length and head width, was substantially smaller compared with the control group in most instars from 4-12. However, adult size, based on head width and hind wing length comparisons, did not differ among the 3 groups. Prey consumption and instar duration, which were highly correlated, did not account for the differences in size. Sex ratio (lower proportion of large females in the external group) and initial size (slightly smaller in instar 2 external group) appeared to be the major factors contributing to the size differences in the external group. However, these variables were not responsible for the external + internal contact group being smaller in instar 10 compared with the controls, as sex ratios and initial size were equal. If repeated B. thuringiensis applications affect size in E. simplicicollis, the effect may be insignificant in terms of reproductive success, as published studies do not show a positive relationship between size and reproductive success in dragonflies. RP Painter, MK (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,VECTOR MANAGEMENT,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 25 IS 1 BP 184 EP 191 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA TX578 UT WOS:A1996TX57800027 ER PT J AU Adams, G AF Adams, G TI Understanding ISO 9000 and implementing the basics to quality - Stamatis,DH SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Book Review RP Adams, G (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,KNOXVILLE,TN, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD FEB PY 1996 VL 29 IS 2 BP 125 EP 125 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA TY456 UT WOS:A1996TY45600038 ER PT J AU Gold, BA Tillman, DA AF Gold, BA Tillman, DA TI Wood cofiring evaluation at TVA power plants SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article AB Foster Wheeler Environmental and Reaction Engineering International (REI) conducted site-specific case studies of cofiring wood-derived fuel and coal at existing fossil-fired boilers within the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power generation system. The case studies were part of a one-year strategic biomass assessment of the TVA region, jointly funded by TVA Research and Development, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL/DOE), and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). This paper addresses TVA's interest in utilizing biomass as a power generation option and the progress of the cofiring case studies through 1993. The analyses demonstrate that wood cofiring is economically feasible at cyclone boiler installations and may be a low-cost CO2 mitigation strategy for many pulverized coal boilers. Copyright (C) 1996 published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 EBASCO ENVIRONM,SACRAMENTO,CA 95833. RP Gold, BA (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESOURCE DEV,1101 MKT ST,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402, USA. NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 1996 VL 10 IS 2-3 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/0961-9534(95)00062-3 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA UT240 UT WOS:A1996UT24000002 ER PT J AU Shane, RM Zagona, EA McIntosh, D Fulp, TJ Goranflo, HM AF Shane, RM Zagona, EA McIntosh, D Fulp, TJ Goranflo, HM TI Project object SO CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 UNIV COLORADO,CTR ADV DECIS SUPPORT WATER & ENVIRONM SYST,BOULDER,CO 80309. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA. US BUR RECLAMAT,BOULDER,CO. RP Shane, RM (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,KNOXVILLE,TN, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0885-7024 J9 CIVIL ENG JI Civil Eng. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 66 IS 1 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA TP070 UT WOS:A1996TP07000030 ER PT J AU Hower, JC Thomas, GA Clifford, DS Eady, JD Robertson, JD Wong, AS AF Hower, JC Thomas, GA Clifford, DS Eady, JD Robertson, JD Wong, AS TI Petrography and chemistry of high-carbon fly ash from the Shawnee Power Station, Kentucky SO ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Article DE coal; fly ash; Kentucky; petrography ID COAL AB The Shawnee power station in western Kentucky consists of ten 150-MW units, eight of which burn low-sulfur (<1 wt %) eastern Kentucky and central West Virginia coal. The other units burn medium- and high-sulfur (>1 wt %) coal in an atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion unit and in a research unit. The eight low-sulfur coal units were sampled in a 1992 survey of Kentucky utilities. Little between-unit variation is seen in the ash-basis major oxide and minor element chemistry. The carbon content of the fly ashes varies from 5 to 25 wt %. Similarly, the isotropic and anisotropic coke in the fly ash varies from 6% to 42% (volume basis). Much of the anisotropic coke is a thin-walled macroporous variety, but there is a portion that is a thick-walled variety similar to a petroleum coke. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT CHEM,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP Hower, JC (reprint author), UNIV KENTUCKY,CTR APPL ENERGY RES,3572 IRON WORKS PIKE,LEXINGTON,KY 40511, USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0090-8312 J9 ENERG SOURCE JI Energy Sources PD JAN-FEB PY 1996 VL 18 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1080/00908319608908751 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA TW952 UT WOS:A1996TW95200010 ER PT J AU Samuelson, LJ Kelly, JM Mays, PA Edwards, GS AF Samuelson, LJ Kelly, JM Mays, PA Edwards, GS TI Growth and nutrition of Quercus rubra L seedlings and mature trees after three seasons of ozone exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE northern red oak; ozone; scaling; plant nutrition ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; IMPACTS AB Seedling growth and nutritional status have been shown to be sensitive to ozone, but the influence of multi-season ozone exposure on mature tree growth and nutrition has not been examined. To determine if seedlings and mature trees were similarly affected by ozone exposure, growth and nutrient concentrations in northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) 4-year-old seedlings and 32-year-old mature trees were examined after treatment with subambient, ambient and twice ambient concentrations of ozone for three growing seasons. SUMOO values summed over the three growing seasons were 147, 255 and 507 ppm-h, respectively, for the subambient, ambient and twice ambient exposures. For mature trees, no influence of ozone treatment on lower stem diameter growth, stem growth within the mid-canopy and foliar biomass was observed Seedling height was increased by ozone, but biomass and diameter were unaffected A reduction in the specific leaf weight of leaves in response to ozone coincident with the loss of recurrent flushing was observed in seedlings. Ozone exposure reduced foliar nitrogen concentrations and increased woody tissue nutrient concentrations in seedlings and mature trees at the end of the third growing season. These results suggest an influence of ozone on retranslocation processes in seedlings and mature trees. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT FORESTRY,AMES,IA 50011. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. RP Samuelson, LJ (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1996 VL 91 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(95)00067-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TV407 UT WOS:A1996TV40700007 PM 15091424 ER PT J AU Verbyla, PS Belli, ML Watson, WF Straka, TJ Brooks, RT Thomas, JD AF Verbyla, PS Belli, ML Watson, WF Straka, TJ Brooks, RT Thomas, JD TI Evaluating a potential hardwood sawmill site using the clean chip availability assessment system program SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The available inventory and the cost of delivered wood are crucial to the decision-making process of managers when selecting a mill site. The Clean Chip Availability Assessment System (CLASS) is used to evaluate two alternative locations for a proposed hardwood sawmill. Restrictions such as ownership pattern, slope, product, and grade are illustrated. CLASS can simultaneously consider availability, stumpage cost, harvesting cost, and transportation cost in the mill location decision. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CLEMSON,SC 29634. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. RP Verbyla, PS (reprint author), CHESAPEAKE FOREST PROD CO,POB 311,W POINT,VA 23181, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 46 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA TP798 UT WOS:A1996TP79800014 ER PT S AU Clay, SA Clay, DE Liu, Z Harper, SS AF Clay, SA Clay, DE Liu, Z Harper, SS BE Meyer, MT Thurman, EM TI The effect of ammonia on atrazine sorption and transport SO HERBICIDE METABOLITES IN SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater at the 209th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY APR 02-07, 1995 CL ANAHEIM, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agrochem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; HYDROXYATRAZINE AB Ammonia application increased soil solution pH and decreased atrazine sorption to soil. K-f values for atrazine were 5.2 in nonamended soil (pH = 5.7) and 2.9 and 2.2 for ammonia-amended soils at pH 7.8 and pH 8.9, respectively. Atrazine sorption was affected differentially by base treatments of KOH and NaOH compared to NH4OH. These results suggest that factors other than pH modification influenced atrazine sorption characteristics. Incubation of atrazine in NH4OH extracts from soil indicated that hydroxyatrazine (HA) could be formed, however, in the presence of soil, HA was not detected. Partition coefficients for HA at pH values of 5.7, 7.8, and 8.9 were 130, 0.7, and 0.1, respectively Ammonia application increased the potential of atrazine to leach through soil. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3405-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1996 VL 630 BP 117 EP 124 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BF94W UT WOS:A1996BF94W00010 ER PT S AU Ungate, CD AF Ungate, CD BE Miranda, LE DeVries, DR TI Resolving conflicts in reservoir operations: Some lessons learned at the Tennessee Valley Authority SO MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACHES TO RESERVOIR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Reservoir Fisheries Symposium on Multidimensional Approaches to Reservoir Fisheries Management CY JUN 12-14, 1995 CL CHATTANOOGA, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Reservoir Comm, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Tennessee Valley Authority, US Army Corps Engineers AB The public's dependence on water resources for survival increasingly conflicts with its demand for clean bodies of water with scenic views to use for recreation and leisure. Many recent attempts to resolve such conflicts have been marked by frustration and failure. In contrast, the Lake Improvement Plan developed by the long-embattled Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) has succeeded at relatively low cost, in a comparatively short time. This success can be attributed to three factors: an excellent team of leaders, specialists, and scientists; good timing; and the TVA's broad mandate. This paper describes aspects of the TVA experience that contributed to the success of its plan, emphasizing the need for institutions with a broad, multipurpose mandate, leaders with the authority to make necessary decisions: and a public that has been included in the decision-making process. RP Ungate, CD (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESERVOIR OPERAT & PLANNING REVIEW,400 W SUMMIT HILL DR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-92-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 16 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BG96R UT WOS:A1996BG96R00003 ER PT S AU Hickman, GD McDonough, TA AF Hickman, GD McDonough, TA BE Miranda, LE DeVries, DR TI Assessing the reservoir fish assemblage index: A potential measure of reservoir quality SO MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACHES TO RESERVOIR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Reservoir Fisheries Symposium on Multidimensional Approaches to Reservoir Fisheries Management CY JUN 12-14, 1995 CL CHATTANOOGA, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Reservoir Comm, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Tennessee Valley Authority, US Army Corps Engineers AB A reservoir fish assemblage index (RFAI), based on various aspects of resident fish communities, was developed to help assess the condition of water resources in Tennessee River valley reservoirs. Validity of the index depends on obtaining samples representative of existing fish assemblages, selecting biological attributes (metrics) that reliably reflect human disturbance over the possible range of degradation, and specifying reference conditions against which study sites can be evaluated. We used boat electrofishing to collect in littoral areas and experimental gill netting to fish species. Reservoirs were initially separated by operational characteristics (run-of-river mainstream and tributary storage). Tributary reservoirs were further categorized by physicochemical features generally associated with ecoregion geology and by hydrological characteristics. Reference conditions for each reservoir class were established from 1990 to 1994 standard sampling of Tennessee Valley Authority reservoirs, and inferences of biologists with knowledge of the reservoir system, the distribution of resident biota, and anthropogenic effects. Reference conditions were also developed for each reservoir zone (inflow, transition, and forebay). Our current sampling effort (15 shoreline electrofishing transects 300 m in length and a minimum of 10 successful overnight experimental gill-net sets) met representative sample requirements. Combining results from the two gear types increased RFAI precision. The RFAI detected significant differences among reservoirs and yielded consistent rankings of reservoirs across years. Use of the index in other river systems is necessary to test its performance under a wider range of conditions than is available along the Tennessee River. Correlation with known human impacts remains a critical need in determining if the RFAI provides a reliable method of assessing reservoir environmental quality. RP Hickman, GD (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,AQUAT BIOL LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-92-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 16 BP 85 EP 97 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BG96R UT WOS:A1996BG96R00011 ER PT S AU Wrenn, WB Lowery, DR Maceina, MJ Reeves, WC AF Wrenn, WB Lowery, DR Maceina, MJ Reeves, WC BE Miranda, LE DeVries, DR TI Relationships between largemouth bass and aquatic plants in Guntersville reservoir, Alabama SO MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACHES TO RESERVOIR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Reservoir Fisheries Symposium on Multidimensional Approaches to Reservoir Fisheries Management CY JUN 12-14, 1995 CL CHATTANOOGA, TN SP Amer Fisheries Soc, So Div, Reservoir Comm, US Dept Interior, Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Fed Aid, Tennessee Valley Authority, US Army Corps Engineers AB Population dynamics and angling success for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in the 27,500-ha Guntersville Reservoir: Tennessee River, Alabama, were evaluated in relation to submersed aquatic macrophyte coverage. Surface coverage fluctuated from a peak of 29% of the total reservoir area in 1988 to a low of 7% in 1991, and then increased to 14% by 1994. An optimum level of macrophyte coverage for largemouth bass could not be identified, but coverage of greater than 20% of the surface area contributed to a decline in growth for fish younger than age four. Stronger year-classes were produced when spring and early summer water retention time exceeded 16 d, independent of macrophyte coverage. Biomass estimates of catchable largemouth bass (>250 mm total length) between 1983-1988 and 1993-1994 were similar, exceeding 30 kg/ha. However, size structure of the population during the 1980s was skewed towards smaller fish. This condition was also reflected in data from organized fishing tournaments examined for 1986-1993. Tournament weights per hour were unchanged over time. Tournament anglers caught fewer, but larger fish because aquatic plant coverage was positively correlated to catch rate but negatively correlated to average weight of largemouth bass. During 1990-1994, nontournament angler average catch rate (release and harvest) ranged from 0.43 to 0.99/h, but angling effort declined 46%. High densities (>300/ha) of age-0 largemouth bass occurred in heavily vegetated habitats, but their size and growth rates were usually significantly less than those of age-0 largemouth bass from unvegetated sites, apparently resulting in size-dependent mortality and lower than expected recruitment to age 1. RP Wrenn, WB (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,WATER MANAGEMENT,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0892-2284 BN 0-913235-92-X J9 AM FISH S S PY 1996 VL 16 BP 382 EP 393 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BG96R UT WOS:A1996BG96R00043 ER PT J AU Mueller, SF Song, A Norris, WB Gupta, S McNider, RT AF Mueller, SF Song, A Norris, WB Gupta, S McNider, RT GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Modeling pollutant transport in the southern Appalachian Mountains SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 424 EP 428 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00097 ER PT J AU Meagher, JF Parkhurst, WJ AF Meagher, JF Parkhurst, WJ GP AMER METEOROL SOC TI Overview of the 1995 SOS Nashville Middle Tennessee Ozone Field Study SO NINTH JOINT CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY WITH A&WMA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Joint American-Meteorological-Society/Air-and-Waste-Management-Association Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology CY JAN 28-FEB 02, 1996 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Meteorol Soc, Air & Waste Management Assoc C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 PY 1996 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BF41R UT WOS:A1996BF41R00107 ER PT J AU Wagner, P AF Wagner, P TI New tensioning equipment saves time at Browns Ferry SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article RP Wagner, P (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,BROWN FERRY NUCL PLANT,DECATUR,AL 35609, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU REED BUSINESS PUBLISHING LTD PI SUTTON PA QUADRANT HOUSE THE QUADRANT, SUTTON, SURREY, ENGLAND SM2 5AS SN 0029-5507 J9 NUCL ENG INT JI Nucl. Eng. Int. PD JAN PY 1996 VL 41 IS 498 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA TM356 UT WOS:A1996TM35600011 ER PT J AU Taylor, RL AF Taylor, RL BE McBride, AE TI What data should be published in real-time information networks? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 58, PTS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American Power Conference on Technology for Competition and Globalization CY 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,SYST PLANNING,CHATTANOOGA,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1996 VL 58 BP 535 EP 537 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BF65N UT WOS:A1996BF65N00096 ER PT S AU Burnette, CG Wile, LK AF Burnette, CG Wile, LK BE McBride, AE TI An analysis method for auxiliary power system studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 58, PTS I AND II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American Power Conference on Technology for Competition and Globalization CY 1996 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1996 VL 58 BP 990 EP 993 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BF65N UT WOS:A1996BF65N00178 ER PT B AU Sielski, DR Sahoo, P AF Sielski, DR Sahoo, P BE Berndt, CC TI Chromium carbide coatings for high temperature erosion resistance SO THERMAL SPRAY: PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR ENGINEERING PROBLEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th National Thermal Spray Conference & Exposition CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Int, Thermal Spray Soc AB Escalating operation and maintenance costs and increasing intervals between outages place a heavy burden upon electric power producing components. To meet this demand, component life cycles must be extended with either material upgrades or utilization of surface protection products. This paper will discuss the experiences of the Tennessee Valley Authority in the application of thermal spray coatings and try to relate some of these experiences to component performance in fossil power plants' steam turbine components. The development of high velocity thermal spray processes has given coatings an advantage over the use of high priced material upgrades. Chromium carbide coatings have proven the most economical of the surface protection products for use in high temperature applications where solid particle erosion occurs. These coatings have received extensive laboratory testing where limited field results are now just becoming available. Various thermal spray coatings will be described. The development of newer coatings and laboratory test data will be discussed. Optical microscopy and wear studies will be included in the discussion. Where appropriate and available, comparisons to standard plasma sprayed coatings and uncoated substrata are made. RP Sielski, DR (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-583-4 PY 1996 BP 159 EP 167 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BG89J UT WOS:A1996BG89J00023 ER PT J AU Browman, MG AF Browman, MG TI Power production waste SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article RP Browman, MG (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,HANEY BLDG 2A,1101 MARKET ST,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402, USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 1996 VL 68 IS 4 BP 547 EP 551 DI 10.2175/106143096X135452 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA UX253 UT WOS:A1996UX25300022 ER PT J AU Kelting, DL Burger, JA Edwards, GS AF Kelting, DL Burger, JA Edwards, GS TI The effects of ozone on the root dynamics of seedlings and mature red oak (Quercus rubra L) SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE production; turnover; respiration; carbon allocation ID PINUS-TAEDA-L; AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON ALLOCATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH; TREES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; NITROGEN; TURNOVER AB Red oak seedlings and mature trees were exposed to three ozone treatments (subambient, ambient, 2 x ambient) in open-top chambers. Net fine-root production and turnover were measured using the compartment-flow model. Mature tree fine-root respiration was measured in summer 1994 in order to calculate gross fine-root production and belowground carbon use efficiency (BUE). After two seasons of exposure, 2 x ozone (0.082 ppm 7 h-mean cone.) reduced mature tree cumulative net fine-root production and turnover by 33% and 42%, respectively, relative to ambient ozone (0.042 ppm 7 h-mean cone.). For the same time period, ozone had no effect on seedling cumulative fine-root turnover: fine-root production was 25% higher under ambient ozone, relative to subambient and 2 x ambient ozone. During summer 1994, mature tree BUE was reduced by 2 x ozone; we hypothesized that this response was due to increased root respiration for active nutrient uptake in order to meet increased foliar demand for nutrients. Decreased fine-root production, turnover, and BUE under 2 x ozone for the mature trees indicates that ozone can alter the dynamics of belowground carbon allocation in mature red oak. The lack of seedling sensitivity to ozone suggests that use of seedling results for modelling purposes may underestimate mature tree responses to ozone. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. RP Kelting, DL (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 79 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1016/0378-1127(95)03603-2 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA TM335 UT WOS:A1995TM33500004 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Riitters, KH AF Wickham, JD Riitters, KH TI Sensitivity of landscape metrics to pixel size SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB Analysis of diversity and evenness metrics using land cover data are becoming formalized in landscape ecology. Diversity and evenness metrics are dependent on the pixel size (scale) over which the data are collected, Aerial photography was interpreted for land cover and converted into four raster data sets with 4, 12, 28, and 80 m pixel sizes, representing pixel sizes up to that available on Landsat-MSS. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the effect of changing pixel size on landscape metrics. The results indicate that landscape metrics should not be dramatically affected by the change in pixel size up to 80 m, provided that identical land cover classifications could be generated by sensors with different spatial resolving powers (e.g. Landsat-TM and MSS). C1 CTR BIOL SCI,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89512. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE PROGRAM,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 18 TC 99 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNDPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 16 IS 18 BP 3585 EP 3594 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA TK879 UT WOS:A1995TK87900006 ER PT J AU Alfonso, R Sielski, D Ochar, D AF Alfonso, R Sielski, D Ochar, D TI On-site coatings facility cuts O&M costs SO POWER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP Alfonso, R (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0032-5961 J9 POWER ENG JI Power Eng. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 99 IS 12 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA TL030 UT WOS:A1995TL03000001 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Samuelson, L Edwards, G Hanson, P Kelting, D Mays, A Wullschleger, S AF Kelly, JM Samuelson, L Edwards, G Hanson, P Kelting, D Mays, A Wullschleger, S TI Are seedlings reasonable surrogates for trees? An analysis of ozone impacts on Quercus rubra SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian DE northern red oak; open-top chambers; plant stress; photosynthesis; carbon allocation ID ACIDIC PRECIPITATION; GROWTH; PINE; EXPOSURE; STRESS; PLANTS; RAIN AB The appropriateness of using seedling responses to predict mature tree responses to ozone is questionable considering the long life span of trees. To determine if northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings and mature trees respond similarly to ozone, 30-year-old trees and two-year-old seedlings were fumigated with subambient ambient, and twice ambient concentrations of ozone for three growing seasons it using an open-top chamber facility. Ozone reduced leaf physiological function of mature trees. However, stem diameter growth and leaf mass of mature trees were not significantly reduced by ozone. Photosynthesis in seedling leaves was slightly reduced by ozone, but seedling growth and biomass were unaffected. Mature tree fine-root biomass responded negatively to increasing ozone, while seedlings exhibited increases in biomass. Carbon retention was enhanced in leaves and branches of mature trees by ozone treatment, while seedlings were unresponsive. Differences in ozone uptake, recurrent flushing and carbon dynamics rather than microclimate may explain differences in ozone sensitivity between seedlings and mature trees. These results indicate that seedlings may not reflect the ozone sensitivity of larger more physiologically mature trees. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Kelly, JM (reprint author), TVA,ATMOSPHER SCI,POB 920,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. RI Hanson, Paul J./D-8069-2011; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012 OI Hanson, Paul J./0000-0001-7293-3561; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1317 EP 1324 DI 10.1007/BF00477164 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UD335 UT WOS:A1995UD33500047 ER PT J AU Nodvin, SC VanMiegroet, H Lindberg, SE Nicholas, NS Johnson, DW AF Nodvin, SC VanMiegroet, H Lindberg, SE Nicholas, NS Johnson, DW TI Acidic deposition, ecosystem processes, and nitrogen saturation in a high elevation Southern Appalachian watershed SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acidic Deposition - Science and Policy: Acid Reign 95 CY JUN 26-30, 1995 CL GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN SP Swedish Environm Protect Agcy, Swedish Environm Res Inst, Provincial Govt Goteborg, Provincial Govt Bohus Ian DE atmospheric deposition; nitrogen saturation; budgets; calcium export; sulphate adsorption ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; CANOPY INTERACTIONS; ACIDIFICATION; FORESTS; STREAMS AB High-elevation red spruce-Fraser fir forests in the Southern Appalachian mountains: 1) receive among the highest rates of atmospheric deposition measured in North America, 2) contain old-growth forests, 3) have shown declines in forest health, 4) have sustained high insect-caused fir mortality, and 5) contain poorly buffered soils and stream systems. High rates of nitrogen and sulphur deposition (similar to 1900 and similar to 2200 Eq . ha(-1)yr(-1), respectively) are dominated by dry and cloud deposition processes. Large leaching fluxes of nitrate-nitrogen (100-1400 Eq . ha(-1)yr(-1)) occur within the soil profile. We have expanded the study to the watershed scale with monitoring of: precipitation, throughfall, stream hydrology,and stream chemistry. Two streamlets drain the 17.4 ha Noland Divide Watershed (1676-1920m) located in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. A network of 50 20x20 m plots is being used to assess stand structure, biomass, and soil nutrient pools. Nitrate is the predominant anion in the streamlets (weighted concentrations: 47 and 54 mu eq . L(-1) NO3-; 31 and 43 mu eq . L(-1) SO42-). Watershed nitrate export is extremely high (similar to 1000 Eq . ha(-1) yr(-1)), facilitating significant base cation exports. Stream acid neutralizing capacity values are extremely low (-10 to 20 mu eq . L(-1)) and episodic acidifications (pH declines of a full unit in days or weeks time) occur. Annual streamwater sulfate export is on the order of 770 Eq . ha(-1)yr(-1) or about one-third of total annual inputs, indicating there is net watershed sulfate retention. The system is highly nitrogen saturated (Stage 2, Stoddard, 1994) and this condition promotes both chronic and episodic stream acidification. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD FAC ECOL & EVOLUTIONARY BIOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,GFEBB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. UNIV NEVADA,DESERT RES INST,RENO,NV 89506. RP Nodvin, SC (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,NATL BIOL SERV,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. RI Van Miegroet, Helga/A-1925-2012 NR 21 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD DEC PY 1995 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1647 EP 1652 DI 10.1007/BF00477216 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA UD335 UT WOS:A1995UD33500099 ER PT J AU ROBERTS, JM TANNER, RL NEWMAN, L BOWERSOX, VC BOTTENHEIM, JW ANLAUF, KG BRICE, KA PARRISH, DD FEHSENFELD, FC BUHR, MP MEAGHER, JF BAILEY, EM AF ROBERTS, JM TANNER, RL NEWMAN, L BOWERSOX, VC BOTTENHEIM, JW ANLAUF, KG BRICE, KA PARRISH, DD FEHSENFELD, FC BUHR, MP MEAGHER, JF BAILEY, EM TI RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PAN AND OZONE AT SITES IN EASTERN NORTH-AMERICA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; ORGANIC NITRATES; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; REACTIVE NITROGEN; NIWOT RIDGE; AIR; NOY; DEPOSITION; ABSORPTION AB Measurements of ozone and PAN (peroxyacetic nitric anhydride) were made at four sites in eastern North America; Bondville, Illinois, Egbert, Ontario, Scotia, Pennsylvania, and Whitetop Mountain, Virginia., in July and August of 1988 as part of a study of regional oxidant photochemistry. The concentrations of PAN ranged from <0.010 to 9.2 parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv) and those of O-3 ranged from <2 to 139 ppbv. Diurnal concentration profiles showed PAN and O-3 to be removed within nocturnal boundary layers, especially if nitric oxide was present, and that O-3 was, for most sites, more rapidly removed than PAN. The only mountain top site at which PAN was measured showed distinctly different diurnal profiles in which O-3 was actually higher at night, suggesting that convective flow driven by surface cooling served to transport air down from higher in the mixed layer at night. The afternoon production of PAN and O-3 was also apparent and led to an overall Linear correlation of O-3 and PAN between the hours of 1300 and 1800. The comparison of this result with other measurements, estimates of PAN formation rates, and model calculations indicates that the production of PAN relative to ozone is far greater (x3) than can be accounted for by acetaldehyde reactions with OH, there is a wide disparity in model descriptions of PAN production, and confirms the non-linear dependence of O-3 production on NOX. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT APPL SCI, DIV ENVIRONM CHEM, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY, ATMOSPHAR CHEM SECT, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA. ATMOSPHER ENVIRONM SERV, DOWNSVIEW, ON M3H 5T4, CANADA. CONCORD SCI CORP, N YORK, ON, CANADA. UNIV COLORADO, NOAA, COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. RP ROBERTS, JM (reprint author), NOAA, AERON LAB, 325 BROADWAY, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; NR 63 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD NOV 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D11 BP 22821 EP 22830 DI 10.1029/95JD01221 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TF791 UT WOS:A1995TF79100007 ER PT J AU SILLMAN, S ALWALI, KI MARSIK, FJ NOWACKI, P SAMSON, PJ RODGERS, MO GARLAND, LJ MARTINEZ, JE STONEKING, C IMHOFF, R LEE, JH NEWMAN, L WEINSTEINLLOYD, J ANEJA, VP AF SILLMAN, S ALWALI, KI MARSIK, FJ NOWACKI, P SAMSON, PJ RODGERS, MO GARLAND, LJ MARTINEZ, JE STONEKING, C IMHOFF, R LEE, JH NEWMAN, L WEINSTEINLLOYD, J ANEJA, VP TI PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF OZONE FORMATION IN ATLANTA, GA - MODELS AND MEASUREMENTS SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Specialty Conference on Regional Photochemical Measurement and Modeling Studies CY NOV 08-12, 1993 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Air & Waste Management Assoc, Amer Meteorol Soc, Amer Geophys Union, Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem, Amer Assoc Aerosol Res DE OZONE; NITROGEN OXIDES; HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG; HYDROGEN; PEROXIDE ID AMBIENT LEVELS; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; UNITED-STATES; HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERE; URBAN; AIR; HYDROPEROXIDES; FORMALDEHYDE AB Chemical measurements made during an air pollution event in Atlanta, GA have been compared with results from several photochemical simulations. Measurements included O-3, primary reactive organic gases (ROG), aldehydes, PAN, total reactive nitrogen (NOy) and H2O2, with vertical profiles for primary ROG. Photochemical models using two different chemical representations and a range of assumptions about winds, vertical mixing and emissions were used to simulate the event. Results show that assumptions about vertical mixing can cause a variation in simulated surface concentrations of primary hydrocarbons of a factor of two or more. A tendency to underestimate isoprene was found in comparison with measured vertical profiles. The models tend to overestimate concentrations of HCHO, H2O2 and PAN in comparison with measurements. Peak O-3 and concurrent NOy from helicopter measurements was used as a basis for evaluating individual model scenarios. Scenarios were developed with different O-3-NOx-ROG sensitivity,but only the NOx-sensitive scenarios are consistent with measured O-3, NOy and isoprene. C1 GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,ATLANTA,GA 30332. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35630. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. SUNY COLL OLD WESTBURY,DEPT CHEM,OLD WESTBURY,NY 11568. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP SILLMAN, S (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,DEPT ATMOSPHER OCEAN & SPACE SCI,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. OI Sillman, Sanford/0000-0001-6250-1191 NR 55 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 1995 VL 29 IS 21 BP 3055 EP 3066 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00217-M PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TE894 UT WOS:A1995TE89400014 ER PT J AU LIU, ZJ CLAY, SA CLAY, DE HARPER, SS AF LIU, ZJ CLAY, SA CLAY, DE HARPER, SS TI AMMONIA IMPACTS ON ATRAZINE LEACHING THROUGH UNDISTURBED SOIL COLUMNS SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION; PESTICIDE AB Ammonia-based fertilizers, such as anhydrous ammonia, aqua ammonia, and urea, initially increase soil pH, reducing atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) sorption and increasing atrazine desorption. Increased amounts of atrazine in soil solution may increase atrazine's leaching potential. This laboratory study investigated atrazine leaching behavior when ammonia and atrazine applications overlap. Nondisturbed 15-cm diam, by 15-cm depth soil columns were excavated from a Brandt silty clay loam (fine silty, Pachic Udic Haploboroll) and a Ves clay loam (fine silty, mixed mesic Typic Hapludalf), Concentrated NH4OH was applied to the soil surface at 0 or 220 kg N ha(-1). Immediately after fertilizer application, 1.9 kg atrazine (spiked with ring-labeled C-14-atrazine) ha(-1) was applied, One day after chemical application, soil columns were leached with 5.4 L of water, The ammonia application increased leachate and surface soil pH by about 2.5 and 3.5 pH units, respectively, The amount of C-14 collected in leachate from ammonia-treated columns was 60 and 30% greater for the Brandt and Ves soils, respectively, compared with untreated columns. Less C-14 remained in the surface of the ammonia-treated columns than in the surface of the untreated columns. These data indicate that the interaction between ammonia-based fertilizers and atrazine must be considered when evaluating atrazine movement through soil. Applications of atrazine and ammonia-based fertilizers that increase pH should be physically separated to limit the leaching potential of atrazine. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1995 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1170 EP 1173 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA TF758 UT WOS:A1995TF75800016 ER PT J AU VALENTE, RJ THORNTON, FC WILLIAMS, EJ AF VALENTE, RJ THORNTON, FC WILLIAMS, EJ TI FIELD COMPARISON OF STATIC AND FLOW-THROUGH CHAMBER TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF SOIL NO EMISSION SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; TROPOSPHERE AB A field comparison of flow-through and static chamber techniques for measuring soil emissions of NO was performed on fertilized soil at a commercial cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) farm near Muscle Shoals, Alabama, during July 1992. The purpose of the study was to compare soil NOx emissions data taken using two different techniques at a common field site. Emission rates with collocated chambers using the two techniques were compared, and spatial means were also compared for 17 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) plots and 10 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) plots. Emission rates of NO at the site covered a broad spectrum, ranging from less than 1 to greater than 100 ng N m(-2) s(-1). Data from collocated TVA static and NOAA flow-through chambers showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 with a linear regression slope of 0.97. A t test indicated that the mean difference was not statistically different than zero. The plot mean emission rates were 17.7 and 18.0 ng N m(-2) s(-1) for the TVA and NOAA chambers, respectively, for an 8-day comparison period. These findings indicate that data sets collected with these methods are comparable and may be combined without concern for differences in technique. These results also reveal that the techniques used by each group in attempting to characterize overall site mean emissions are remarkably similar, despite differences in chamber size, plot location, extent of areal coverage, and random error associated with the measurements. This finding is significant in that it means that field data used to characterize emissions estimates by both protocols can be pooled to better estimate regional soil NO emission inventories. C1 NOAA, AERON LAB, BOULDER, CO 80303 USA. COOPERAT INST RES ENVIRONM SCI, BOULDER, CO USA. RP VALENTE, RJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010 NR 10 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD OCT 20 PY 1995 VL 100 IS D10 BP 21147 EP 21152 DI 10.1029/95JD01875 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA TD507 UT WOS:A1995TD50700029 ER PT J AU SHEA, C LOVELACE, LJ SMITHSOMERVILLE, HE AF SHEA, C LOVELACE, LJ SMITHSOMERVILLE, HE TI DELEYA MARINA AS A MODEL ORGANISM FOR STUDIES OF BACTERIAL-COLONIZATION AND BIOFILM FORMATION SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIOFILMS; ADHESION; MOTILITY; PHENOTYPE VARIABILITY; DELEYA MARINA; MODEL ORGANISM ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; VARIABLE EXPRESSION; GLIDING MOTILITY; ADHESION; EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYSACCHARIDE; ATTACHMENT; SURFACES AB Deleya marina was used as a model organism to identify cellular components essential to surface colonization, an important early step in biofouling. Model components include the test bacterium D. marina, its phenotypic variants, and a rapid microplate adhesion assay. Studies of D. marina exopolymer and motility properties are discussed in the context of colonization processes and model development. A testable hypothesis is presented which was formulated to explain events in surface colonization by D. marina. C1 UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT BIOL SCI, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35487 USA. RP SHEA, C (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, ENVIRONM RES CTR, POB 1010, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. NR 65 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0169-4146 J9 J IND MICROBIOL JI J. Indust. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 1995 VL 15 IS 4 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1007/BF01569982 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA TF817 UT WOS:A1995TF81700006 ER PT J AU IMHOFF, RE VALENTE, R MEAGHER, JF LURIA, M AF IMHOFF, RE VALENTE, R MEAGHER, JF LURIA, M TI THE PRODUCTION OF O-3 IN AN URBAN PLUME - AIRBORNE SAMPLING OF THE ATLANTA URBAN PLUME SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE OZONE; OZONE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY; URBAN OZONE PLUME ID AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; OZONE; REDUCTION; GROWTH AB As part of the Southern Oxidant Study, The Tennessee Valley Authority's instrumented helicopter made a series of air sampling flights over the city of Atlanta. The flights were made during the summer of 1992 to investigate the evolution of the urban O-3 plume. Air samples were taken during morning and afternoon hours; the morning data were used to estimate background O-3 and the afternoon data were used to estimate O-3 production efficiency, i.e. the number of O-3 molecules produced per molecule of NOy emitted. Detailed data on O-3 production were available for five afternoon flights. Within the radius sampled, three zones were identified: the source zone where afternoon levels were comparable with the morning levels, the production zone where O-3 increased rapidly within a short distance, and the dilution zone where both O-3 and its precursors were diluted, at the same rate. O-3 peak levels, or the transition from net production to dilution occurred at 20-40 km from the city center. O-3, production efficiency for the five afternoon flights was between 4 and 10, in good agreement with previous surface measurements. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NATL OCEAN & ATMOSPHER ADM,CORP INST RES ENVIRONM SCI,AIR RESOURCES LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP IMHOFF, RE (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35661, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 1995 VL 29 IS 17 BP 2349 EP 2358 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00305-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RT643 UT WOS:A1995RT64300014 ER PT J AU BROWN, CW IMHOFF, RE AF BROWN, CW IMHOFF, RE TI THE FATE OF MERCURY IN THE DUCTS AND PLUME OF A COAL-FIRED POWER-PLANT SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BROOKS RAND LTD,SEATTLE,WA 98107. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 20 PY 1995 VL 210 BP 104 EP GEOC PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA RP256 UT WOS:A1995RP25601948 ER PT J AU STANDAERT, SM DAWSON, JE SCHAFFNER, W CHILDS, JE BIGGIE, KL SINGLETON, BS GERHARDT, RR KNIGHT, ML HUTCHESON, RH AF STANDAERT, SM DAWSON, JE SCHAFFNER, W CHILDS, JE BIGGIE, KL SINGLETON, BS GERHARDT, RR KNIGHT, ML HUTCHESON, RH TI EHRLICHIOSIS IN A GOLF-ORIENTED RETIREMENT COMMUNITY SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN INFECTION; TICKS; CANIS AB Background. Ehrlichiosis due to Ehrlichia chaffeensis usually occurs sporadically or in small clusters, with an annual incidence estimated at 3 to 5 cases per 100,000 population in areas of endemic disease. The putative principal vector is the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum). We investigated an outbreak of ehrlichiosis that occurred in June 1993 among members of a golf-oriented retirement community (community A) in Tenessee. The community is densely wooded and borders a wildlife-management area where deer are numerous. Methods. We conducted a case-control study, using medical-history reviews, serologic testing, and testing with the polymerase chain reaction for E. chaffeensis infection. We also surveyed a sample of 10 percent of the households in community A and in another golf-oriented community (community B) more than 20 miles (32 km) from the wildlife-management area. Survey participants completed a questionnaire and provided specimens for serologic testing. In both communities, searches for ticks were undertaken. Results. Eleven cases of symptomatic ehrlichiosis were identified in the case-control study, 10 of which were in community A (attack rate, 330 per 100,000). Of 311 surveyed residents of community-A, 12.5 percent had serologic evidence of past E. chaffeensis infection, as compared with 3.3 percent of 92 in community B (relative risk in community A as compared with community B, 3.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 12.2). The risk of infection was associated with tick bites, exposure to wildlife, golfing, and among golfers, retrieving lost golf balls from the rough. Persons who never used insect repellent were more likely to have had infection than persons who did. In community A, thousands of Lone Star ticks were found; in community B, only three ticks were found. Conclusions. The high rate of E. chaffeensis infection in community A resulted from its proximity to a wildlife reserve. When outdoor recreational activities are common and concentrations of ticks are high, outbreaks of arthropod-borne zoonoses can be anticipated. C1 VANDERBILT UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PREVENT MED,NASHVILLE,TN 37232. NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,DIV VIRAL & RICKETTSIAL DIS,ATLANTA,GA. TENNESSEE DEPT HLTH,NASHVILLE,TN. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT ENTOMOL & PLANT PATHOL,KNOXVILLE,TN. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,GOLDEN POND,KY. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 27 TC 89 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 9 PU MASS MEDICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 10 SHATTUCK, BOSTON, MA 02115 SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 17 PY 1995 VL 333 IS 7 BP 420 EP 425 DI 10.1056/NEJM199508173330704 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA RP243 UT WOS:A1995RP24300004 PM 7616991 ER PT J AU REEVES, R HICKS, G KARRASCH, B AF REEVES, R HICKS, G KARRASCH, B TI A CASE-STUDY OF ABNORMAL CONDITIONS AND EVENTS (ACE) ANALYSIS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) CY OCT 30-NOV 05, 1994 CL NORFOLK, VA SP IEEE AB In August of 1993, EPRI initiated a project to perform an evaluation of;the application of various methodologies for performing Abnormal Conditions and Events (ACE) analysis on computer systems used in nuclear plants. This paper discusses the application of ACE analysis techniques to two systems designed for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Browns Ferry Nuclear (BFN) plant. Further details can be obtained from EPRI TR-104595, ''Abnormal Conditions and Events Analysis for Instrumentation and Controls Systems''[1] which is scheduled for publication in December, 1994. C1 BROWNS FERRY NUCL PLANT,DECATUR,AL 35602. SAIC ATLANTA,ATLANTA,GA 30350. RP REEVES, R (reprint author), TVA CORP ENGN,1101 MARKET ST,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402, USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 1995 VL 42 IS 4 BP 982 EP 986 DI 10.1109/23.467762 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA RP819 UT WOS:A1995RP81900140 ER PT J AU WICKHAM, JD WADE, TG JONES, KB RIITTERS, KH ONEILL, RV AF WICKHAM, JD WADE, TG JONES, KB RIITTERS, KH ONEILL, RV TI DIVERSITY OF ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES OF THE UNITED-STATES SO VEGETATIO LA English DT Article DE BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION; GIS; ISOLINE MAPS; LATITUDINAL AND LONGITUDINAL GRADIENTS; REMOTE SENSING; SCALE ID MONITORING BIODIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; PATTERNS; ENERGY AB Biodiversity, although recognized as encompassing several levels of biological organization, is often thought of as species diversity Three diversity estimates were calculated for the conterminous United States using satellite data acquired from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR): land cover richness, vegetation richness, and vegetation clustering. Vegetation richness and vegetation clustering showed a scare-dependent relationship to elevation across the range of quadrat sizes from 500 to 50,000 mi(2). All diversity measures increased east to west, with a rather abrupt transition at the Colorado Front Range. The longitudinal diversity gradients found in this study are in contrast to the reported latitudinal and longitudinal gradients for species diversity. C1 DESERT RES INST,CTR BIOL SCI,RENO,NV 89512. US EPA,ENVIRONM MONITORING SYST LAB,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,SO APPALACHIAN MAN & BIOSPHERE PROGRAM,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0042-3106 J9 VEGETATIO JI Vegetatio PD AUG PY 1995 VL 119 IS 2 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1007/BF00045592 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA TA077 UT WOS:A1995TA07700001 ER PT J AU SCHAUDER, C GERNHARDT, E STACEY, E LEMAK, T GYUGYI, L CEASE, TW EDRIS, A AF SCHAUDER, C GERNHARDT, E STACEY, E LEMAK, T GYUGYI, L CEASE, TW EDRIS, A TI DEVELOPMENT OF A +/-100-MVAR STATIC CONDENSER FOR VOLTAGE CONTROL OF TRANSMISSION-SYSTEMS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1994 IEEE/PES Summer Meeting CY JUL 24-28, 1994 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE, Power Engn Soc DE AC TRANSMISSION; FACTS; STATIC CONDENSER; STATCON; THYRISTOR; POWER CONVERTER; INVERTER; STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR AB The availability of high power gate-turn-off (GTO) thyristors has led to the development of controllable reactive power sources, using electronic switching converters, for use in power transmission systems, This new technology has resulted In an equipment that is fundamentally different from the conventional thyristor-controlled static var compensator (SVC), The new equipment is called the Static Condenser (STATCON) because its steady state output characteristics are similar to those of the rotating synchronous condenser. The paper describes the fundamental operating principles, functional characteristics, and basic control approach of the STATCON, with particular reference to a (+/-)100 Mvar prototype planned to be installed at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Sullivan Substation. This installation will be the first demonstration of a STATCON under the EPRI Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) program, and will be the largest installation of its type in the world. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,OAK RIDGE,TN. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA. RP SCHAUDER, C (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE SCI & TECHNOL CTR,DEPT POWER ELECTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15235, USA. NR 14 TC 175 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1486 EP 1496 DI 10.1109/61.400933 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA RL251 UT WOS:A1995RL25100044 ER PT J AU APEL, EC CALVERT, JG ZIKA, R RODGERS, MO ANEJA, VP MEAGHER, JF LONNEMAN, WA AF APEL, EC CALVERT, JG ZIKA, R RODGERS, MO ANEJA, VP MEAGHER, JF LONNEMAN, WA TI HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS DURING THE 1992 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS STUDY ATLANTA INTENSIVE - PROTOCOL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB A major component of the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1992 Atlanta Intensive was the measurement of atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons. Ambient air samples were collected and analyzed by a network of strategically located automated gas chromatography (GC) systems (field systems). In addition, an extensive canister sampling network was deployed. Combined, more than 3000 chromatograms were recorded. The SOS science team targeted for quantitative analysis 56 compounds which may be substantial contributors to ozone formation or used as air mass tracers. A quality assurance program was instituted to ensure that good measurements were being made throughout the network for each target compound. Common, high-quality standards were used throughout the network. The performance of individual field systems was evaluated during the intensive through the analysis of challenge mixtures. This methodology helped to identify and correct analytical problems as they arose. C1 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL 33149. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,SCH EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,AIR QUAL LAB,ATLANTA,GA 30332. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT MARINE EARTH & ATMOSPHER SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27695. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. US EPA,ATMOSPHER RES & EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT LABS,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27711. RP APEL, EC (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,DIV ATMOSPHER CHEM,1850 TABLE MESA DR,BOULDER,CO 80303, USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA PO BOX 2861, PITTSBURGH, PA 15230 SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JUL PY 1995 VL 45 IS 7 BP 521 EP 528 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RJ041 UT WOS:A1995RJ04100002 ER PT J AU SIMPKINS, DR LOCKLIN, SH AF SIMPKINS, DR LOCKLIN, SH TI RADIANT-ZONE O-2 SENSORS HELP OPTIMIZE COMBUSTION SO POWER LA English DT Article C1 MARATHON MONITORS INC,CINCINNATI,OH. RP SIMPKINS, DR (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0032-5929 J9 POWER JI Power PD JUL PY 1995 VL 139 IS 7 BP 51 EP & PG 0 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA RL512 UT WOS:A1995RL51200008 ER PT J AU SIKORA, FJ MULLINS, GL AF SIKORA, FJ MULLINS, GL TI BIOAVAILABILITY OF CITRATE-INSOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS IN MONOAMMONIUN PHOSPHATE AND TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AVAILABILITY; FRACTIONS AB The Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method for determining bioavailable P was rigorously tested In agronomic studies during the 1930s when the principle constituents of the citrate-insoluble (CI) fraction were Ca phosphates, The presence of Fe, Al, and Mg phosphate compounds in the CI fraction in today's fertilizers requires a reassessment of the AOAC method. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine if the CI-P fractions of five monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and five triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizers were unavailable to sorghum-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Plant shoot weight (SW) and P uptake from fertilizer applied at 15 mg total P kg(-1) soil was compared with the same indices obtained from reagent-grade MAP and monocalcium phosphate (MCP) applied at rates of 13.8, 14.2, 14.6, and 15 mg P kg(-1) soil (corresponding to 8, 5.3, 2.7, and 0% reduction in P supply), With a few exceptions, there was good agreement in SW and P uptake among fertilizer and reagent-grade materials In regard to the percentage of CI-P in the fertilizer, which lead to the conclusion that the AOAC method correctly determined unavailable P as CI-P for short-term plant growth, Residual availability is discussed with reference to the solubility of suspected P-impurity compounds in the CI fraction. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP SIKORA, FJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,AGR RES DEPT,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1995 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1183 EP 1188 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA RJ797 UT WOS:A1995RJ79700034 ER PT J AU PIER, PA AF PIER, PA TI ISOPRENE EMISSION RATES FROM NORTHERN RED OAK USING A WHOLE-TREE CHAMBER SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ISOPRENE; TREE CHAMBER; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; WHOLE-TREE EMISSIONS; EMISSION ALGORITHM ID BIOGENIC HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS; RATE VARIABILITY; AIR-POLLUTION; INVENTORY; LEAVES; PHOTORESPIRATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FLUXES; MODEL; OZONE AB A chamber system was developed to measure whole-tree isoprene emissions from a 6.4 m tall northern red oak, using an RGA3 Reduction Gas Analyzer automated to collect and analyze hourly samples. Tree emissions showed a strong diurnal response, corresponding to light and temperature changes. Hourly averages of emission rates under full sun for each month were highest between 1200 and 1500. Hourly average rates in August were higher than in September, whereas temperatures and light intensities were similar, indicating a probable leaf age effect on emissions. On occasion, individual rates reached 70-90 mu g C g(-1)h(-1) with full sunlight and high temperatures. Emissions decreased greatly in October, and had stopped by mid-October. Light intensity had a large effect on emissions in August and September, accounting for approximately 70% of the variation in emissions, whereas temperature accounted for only 6-11%. Relative humidity and light intensity in the canopy were not correlated with emissions. The tree emission data were fit to the algorithm used by Guenther et al. (1993, J. geophys. Res. 98, 12,609-12,617) to predict the response of isoprene emissions to light intensity. The coefficients obtained from the fitted algorithm indicated that whole-tree emissions behaved similarly to sun leaves in response to light intensity. Whole-tree rates were lower than measurements of single-leaf rates, as expected due to shading within the tree canopy. Whole-tree rates were similar to rates obtained by branch chamber measurements and by gradient flux measurements of a forest canopy, in which shading of lower leaves occurs. The results of the whole-tree chamber measurements support a recent study that indicates that the model currently used to develop biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventories underestimates isoprene emissions. RP PIER, PA (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 1995 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1353 DI 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00081-9 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA RG984 UT WOS:A1995RG98400001 ER PT J AU BOVE, HJ BRODSKY, IS NUYT, GM ANGELINI, EJ AF BOVE, HJ BRODSKY, IS NUYT, GM ANGELINI, EJ TI TVA OPTS FOR FGD WITH WET STACKING OF GYPSUM SO POWER LA English DT Article AB At the largest coal-fired plant in its system, this utility decided to go with flue-gas desulfurization to control SO2-with open-loop water balance and gypsum stacking. Retrofit paves the way for flexible system-wide compliance options C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,KNOXVILLE,TN. ABB ENVIRONM SYST INC,PORTLAND,OR. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL INC PI NEW YORK PA 1221 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10020 SN 0032-5929 J9 POWER JI Power PD JUN PY 1995 VL 139 IS 6 BP 33 EP & PG 0 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA RF604 UT WOS:A1995RF60400004 ER PT J AU LE, KD STANSBERRY, C VICE, R WOOD, JT BALLANCE, J BROWN, G KAMYA, JY NIELSEN, K NAKAJIMA, H IYODA, I OOKUBO, M CAULEY, G GOLDEN, J AF LE, KD STANSBERRY, C VICE, R WOOD, JT BALLANCE, J BROWN, G KAMYA, JY NIELSEN, K NAKAJIMA, H IYODA, I OOKUBO, M CAULEY, G GOLDEN, J TI POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLEAN-AIR REGULATIONS ON SYSTEM OPERATIONS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE CLEAN AIR ACT; SYSTEM OPERATIONS; EMISSION DISPATCH; EMISSION TRADING; COST MINIMIZATION; ENERGY MANAGEMENT AB This paper is one of a series prepared on the behalf of the IEEE System Operation Committee to focus industry attention on current problems faced by system operators. The paper contains 6 sort-note-reports, describing current and emerging needs of electric utilities in the emission area. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401. SO CO SERV INC,BIRMINGHAM,AL. SO CALIF EDISON CO,ROSEMEAD,CA. BOSTON EDISON CO,BOSTON,MA. NEW ENGLAND POWER POOL,HOLYOKE,MA. ELECT POWER RES INST,PALO ALTO,CA. KANSAI ELECT POWER CO,OSAKA,JAPAN. MITSUBISHI ELECTR CORP,TOKYO,JAPAN. RP LE, KD (reprint author), ABB SYST CONTROL CO,RALEIGH,NC, USA. NR 1 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD MAY PY 1995 VL 10 IS 2 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1109/59.387899 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA RB289 UT WOS:A1995RB28900016 ER PT J AU JOHNSON, R AF JOHNSON, R TI DUMPER UPGRADES BOOST RELIABILITY - COAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT RELIABILITY IMPROVED AT 2 POWER-PLANTS AFTER REFURBISHMENT SO POWER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP JOHNSON, R (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0032-5961 J9 POWER ENG JI Power Eng. PD APR PY 1995 VL 99 IS 4 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA QT760 UT WOS:A1995QT76000015 ER PT J AU LIU, ZJ CLAY, SA CLAY, DE HARPER, SS AF LIU, ZJ CLAY, SA CLAY, DE HARPER, SS TI AMMONIA FERTILIZER INFLUENCES ATRAZINE ADSORPTION-DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE AMMONIA-ATRAZINE INTERACTION; ATRAZINE; SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; FERTILIZER-HERBICIDE INTERACTION ID ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; SOIL AB The application of ammonia-based fertilizer (anhydrous ammonia, aqua ammonia, and urea) initially increases soil pH. Changes in soil pH influence dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in soil solution and herbicide sorption characteristics to soil. A batch study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ammonia application on atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine] adsorption and triazine] adsorption and desorption characteristics to a Brandt silty clay loam (fine silty, Pachic Udic Haploborolls) and Ves clay loam (fine silty, mixed mesic typic Hapludalf). Ammonia treatment rates were equivalent to N concentrations found in bands when 0, 100, and 200 kg of N ha(-1) were injected to soil. Atrazine treatments were 0 (0.01 M CaCl2), 2.08, 6.57, or 50.80 mu mol of atrazine L(-1). The application of 200 kg of N ha(-1) increased soil pH from 6 to 9 and increased the DOC concentrations from 60 to 700 ppm in the soil solution. The addition of ammonia decreased atrazine sorption by 50% and doubled atrazine desorption. Ammonia-induced changes in both pH and DOC concentration appeared to influence atrazine sorption characteristics. Ammonia-induced changes in atrazine sorption/desorption characteristics have the potential to increase atrazine movement through soil. These results suggest that atrazine movement may be reduced by physically separating the application of atrazine and ammonia-banded fertilizers. C1 S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA PO BOX 57136, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-0136 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR PY 1995 VL 43 IS 3 BP 815 EP 819 DI 10.1021/jf00051a048 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA QN832 UT WOS:A1995QN83200048 ER PT J AU RIITTERS, KH ONEILL, RV HUNSAKER, CT WICKHAM, JD YANKEE, DH TIMMINS, SP JONES, KB JACKSON, BL AF RIITTERS, KH ONEILL, RV HUNSAKER, CT WICKHAM, JD YANKEE, DH TIMMINS, SP JONES, KB JACKSON, BL TI A FACTOR-ANALYSIS OF LANDSCAPE PATTERN AND STRUCTURE METRICS SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Fifty-five metrics of landscape pattern and structure were calculated for 85 maps of land use and land cover. A multivariate factor analysis was used to identify the common axes (or dimensions) of pattern and structure which were measured by a reduced set of 26 metrics. The first six factors explained about 87% of the variation in the 26 landscape metrics. These factors were interpreted as composite measures of average patch compaction, overall image texture, average patch shape, patch perimeter-area scaling, number of attribute classes, and large-patch density-area scaling. We suggest that these factors can be represented in a simpler way by six univariate metrics - average perimeter-area ratio, contagion, standardized patch shape, patch perimeter-area area scaling, number of attribute classes, and large-patch density-area scaling. RP RIITTERS, KH (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 0 TC 525 Z9 612 U1 12 U2 110 PU SPB ACADEMIC PUBLISHING BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 11188, 1001 GD AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD FEB PY 1995 VL 10 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 DI 10.1007/BF00158551 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA QL687 UT WOS:A1995QL68700003 ER PT J AU YEAGER, BL SAYLOR, CF AF YEAGER, BL SAYLOR, CF TI FISH HOSTS FOR 4 SPECIES OF FRESH-WATER MUSSELS (PELECYPODA, UNIONIDAE) IN THE UPPER TENNESSEE RIVER DRAINAGE SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MOLLUSCA AB Fish hosts were identified for glochidia of four freshwater unionid mussel species, Epioblasma brevidens, E. capsaeformis, E. triquetra and the endangered mussel, Quadrula intermedia, from the Powell River of the upper Tennessee River drainage. Air four species exhibited high degrees of host specificity in laboratory tests. Host fish for Epioblasma spp. were restricted to a cottid, the banded sculpin (Cottus carolinae) and several percids: the greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides), wounded darter (E. vulneratum), redline darter (E. rufilineatum), snubnose darter (E. simoterum), logperch (Percina caprodes) and dusky darter (P. sciera). Fish hosts identified for Q. intermedia were two cyprinids, the streamline chub (Erimystax dissimilis) and blotched chub (E. insignis). Host fishes for all four mussel species were: fast-water species occupying the same riffle habitats as the mussels. RP YEAGER, BL (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,WATER MANAGEMENT,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 133 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.2307/2426342 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QD908 UT WOS:A1995QD90800001 ER PT J AU BADGER, PC AF BADGER, PC TI MARKETING WOOD WASTE FOR FUEL SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article RP BADGER, PC (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS PI EMMAUS PA BOX 351, 18 S SEVENTH ST, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD JAN PY 1995 VL 36 IS 1 BP 71 EP & PG 0 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA QB350 UT WOS:A1995QB35000018 ER PT J AU CLAY, DE CLAY, SA LIU, Z HARPER, SS AF CLAY, DE CLAY, SA LIU, Z HARPER, SS TI LEACHING OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON IN SOIL FOLLOWING ANHYDROUS AMMONIA APPLICATION SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE WATER QUALITY; WATER-SOLUBLE C; N FERTILIZER; ATRAZINE; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; RIDGE TILLAGE SYSTEM ID DENITRIFICATION; SOLUBILITY; MATTER; ZONE AB The transport of anhydrous NH3-solubilized soil organic matter from surface to subsurface soils may affect subsurface microbial activity. In the present study we determined the impact of anhydrous NH3-N fertilizer on organic C solubilization and the propensity of solubilized C to leach with percolating water. In fertilized treatments, anhydrous NH3 was subsurface-banded at 20 g N m(-2) in ridge or valley areas of a ridge tillage system. In contol treatments, 0 g N m(-2) was banded into the valley area of a ridge tillage system. Rainfall (17 cm) was applied with a drop-type artificial rainfall simulator 3, 10, and 24 days after the fertilizer application. The treatments were replicated twice. Grid lysimeters (15 by 15 cm) were placed 75 cm below the soil surface of a Brandt silty clay loam (fine-silty over sandy or sandy skeletal mixed Pachic Udic Haploboroll). Lysimeters were used to collect percolating water temporally and spatially. The application of N fertilizer increased dissolved organic C concentrations in percolating water when rainfall was applied 3 days after the fertilizer application. However, when the rainfall was applied 24 days after the fertilizer application the dissolved organic C concentrations in percolating water was not influenced by anhydrous NH3 application. The smaller dissolved organic C concentrations in percolating water with a longer incubation time were most likely the result of microbial assimilation or respiration of solubilized C. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP CLAY, DE (reprint author), S DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT SCI,BROOKINGS,SD 57007, USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JAN PY 1995 VL 19 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1007/BF00336339 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PZ211 UT WOS:A1995PZ21100002 ER PT B AU Shane, RM McIntosh, D Zagona, EA Fulp, TJ AF Shane, RM McIntosh, D Zagona, EA Fulp, TJ BE Mohsen, JP TI The INTEGRAL project SO COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Congress on Computing in Civil Engineering (II-CCCE) CY JUN 05-08, 1995 CL ATLANTA, GA SP ASCE Tech Council Comp Practices C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESERVOIR OPERAT PLANNING & DEV,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0088-1 PY 1995 BP 203 EP 205 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Geology GA BE46R UT WOS:A1995BE46R00028 ER PT J AU THORNTON, FC AF THORNTON, FC TI MANGANESE REMOVAL FROM WATER USING LIMESTONE-FILLED TANKS SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE LIMESTONE; MANGANESE REMOVAL ID OXIDATION AB A pilot-scale water treatment system, consisting of two limestone-filled tanks followed by a vegetation cell, was constructed to treat drainage water from a coal-ash disposal pond located at a coal-fired fossil plant in Alabama, USA. Inflow water manganese concentration averaged 3.5 mg l(-1) (ranging from 0.02 to 5.98 mg l(-1)) over the 495-day treatment period. The system worked effectively in removing Mn, producing water which averaged 0.49 mg l(-1), or an 88% removal efficiency. A black film coated the rocks in the limestone tanks and was assumed to be the chief site of Mn removal via microbial oxidation. This film contained up to 140 g Mn kg(-1), with an average concentration of 61.4 g Mn kg(-1). The results of this study demonstrate an ecotechnological means to treat water that is high in Mn, provided the water does not have high Fe concentrations that would coat rock surfaces. RP THORNTON, FC (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,CHEM ENGN BLDG,ROOM 210,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 4 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/0925-8574(94)00003-N PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA QB336 UT WOS:A1995QB33600002 ER PT S AU Edwards, RE Sullivan, JM Moore, OE AF Edwards, RE Sullivan, JM Moore, OE BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI Recovery of phosphates from elemental phosphorus-bearing wastes SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT V SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, at the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Special Symposium CY SEP 27-29, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem Inc AB A process for oxidizing aqueous elemental phosphorus containing residues (sludges) to produce orthophosphate containing slurries suitable for subsequent reaction with ammonia to produce nitrogen and phosphate containing plant nutrient products. It comprises reacting aqueous elemental phosphorus containing residues with certain special mixtures of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid to effect the conversion of the elemental phosphorus into mostly orthophosphoric acid and very little orthophosphorus acid with relative ratios of the two acids being dependent upon the mole ratio of H2SO4:HNO3 employed in the processing. The resulting aqueous reaction intermediate is neutralized with ammonia during processing to a fluid or solid plant nutrient product. Prior to the conversion to products, the aqueous reaction intermediate may be subjected to a solids separation step to remove insoluble salts of certain environmentally undesirable metals, such as Pb, Cd, Ba, and Cr. RP Edwards, RE (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3322-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 607 BP 88 EP 100 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Civil SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BE38L UT WOS:A1995BE38L00008 ER PT S AU Pugh, KC Kiserow, DJ Sullivan, JM Grinstead, JH AF Pugh, KC Kiserow, DJ Sullivan, JM Grinstead, JH BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI Photocatalytic destruction of atrazine using TiO2 mesh SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT V SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management V, at the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Special Symposium CY SEP 27-29, 1993 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Ind & Engn Chem Inc ID BY-PRODUCTS; WATER; DEGRADATION; OZONATION; OXIDATION; PATHWAY AB The optimization of a technology for the TiO2-mediated solar photocatalysis of atrazine is described. The target users of this technology might be agrochemical dealers, manufacturers, and possibly farmers. Studies were performed to determine the ideal cover material for such a reactor based on UV light transmitting properties. The best cover material was a UV transmitting acrylic. The TiO2 employed for this technology was bound to fiberglass mesh. The effects of mesh amount, stirring, water impurities, concentration of pesticide, and source of UV light (mercury vapor lamp vs. solar) were also determined. The most efficient photocatalysis was achieved using five layers of mesh, a stirred reaction, water low in carbonate and other ions, a dilute waste stream, and solar irradiation rather than a mercury-vapor lamp. The formation and disappearance of eight intermediates were followed in a 2429 hour indoor experiment comparing pure and formulated atrazine. A modified reaction mechanism was proposed based on studies of the detected intermediates. RP Pugh, KC (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35662, USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3322-5 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1995 VL 607 BP 174 EP 194 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Civil SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BE38L UT WOS:A1995BE38L00015 ER PT J AU EDWARDS, GS SHERMAN, RE KELLY, JM AF EDWARDS, GS SHERMAN, RE KELLY, JM TI RED SPRUCE AND LOBLOLLY-PINE NUTRITIONAL RESPONSES TO ACIDIC PRECIPITATION AND OZONE SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID TAEDA L; SOIL; RAIN; CHEMISTRY; FOLIAR; MIST; THROUGHFALL; PIGMENTS; SAPLINGS; GROWTH AB A multidisciplinary research program called Response of Plants to Interacting Stresses (ROPIS) was initiated by the Electric Power Research Institute in 1986 to develop a general mechanistic theory of plant response to interacting air pollutants and other stresses. As part of the program, the individual and combined impacts of acidic precipitation and elevated O-3 on nutritional responses of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were evaluated. Red spruce saplings were exposed to charcoal filtered, non-filtered 1.5 times ambient or twice ambient levels of O, in combination with vain pH treatments of 3.1, 4.1, or 5.1 for 4 years. Similarly, loblolly pine seedlings were exposed to subambient, ambient or twice ambient O, levels in combination with acidic precipitation treatments of pH 3.8 or 5.2 for 3 years. Cation leaching was accelerated in the pH 3.1 vain treatment in the red spruce study, driven by atmospheric inputs of H+ and SO42- Subsequent decreases in soil pH, exchangeable pools of Ca2+ and Mg2+, and increases in exchangeable Al3+ in the organic horizon were observed. Calcium and Mg2+ fluxes in throughfall of red spruce were also enhanced at pH 3.1, and foliar concentrations of Mg2+ were reduced. In contrast, soil pH and nutrient concentrations as well as foliar leaching in the loblolly pine study were not significantly affected by either the pH 3.8 or 5.2 rain treatments. Ozone exposure had no effect on throughfall or soil solution ionic flux for either species. Results indicate that ambient rainfall acidities are not likely to affect the nutritional status of loblolly pine. High elevation red spruce forests, however, could be impacted by acidic deposition via enhanced soil acidification, leading to Al3+ mobilization and reduced availability of important base cations as well as increased foliar leaching. C1 CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP EDWARDS, GS (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,FORESTRY BLDG,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1995 VL 89 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/0269-7491(94)00049-J PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QX095 UT WOS:A1995QX09500002 ER PT J AU FELSOT, AS DZANTOR, EK AF FELSOT, AS DZANTOR, EK TI EFFECT OF ALACHLOR CONCENTRATION AND AN ORGANIC AMENDMENT ON SOIL DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY AND PESTICIDE DEGRADATION RATE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ALACHLOR; BIODEGRADATION; SOIL DEHYDROGENASE; ORGANIC AMENDMENT ID PERSISTENCE; BIODEGRADATION; KINETICS; SAMPLES; WASTE AB Past studies have shown that extremely high concentrations of alachlor in soil can depress microbial biomass and bioactivity; consequently, degradation of alachlor is also inhibited. Studies were undertaken to further characterize the relationship among alachlor concentration in soil, dehydrogenase activity (as an indicator of microbial activity), and degradation rate. Alachlor initially inhibited soil dehydrogenase in soil at concentrations as low as 250 mg/kg with prolonged inhibition through at least 21 d occurring at concentrations greater than or equal to 750 mg/kg. The inhibition of soil dehydrogenase was associated with a prolonged persistence of alachlor beyond the previously reported ranges of half-life observed at normal field rates of application. Amendment of soil with cornmeal caused degradation of 10 to 250 mg/kg alachlor at rates substantially faster than previously reported for laboratory incubations. At alachlor concentrations greater than or equal to 750 mg/kg, dehydrogenase activities in amended soils surpassed levels in corresponding no-pesticide controls after 21 d; coincidentally, >50% of the initially added alachlor had degraded during the same period. These results suggested that stimulation of microbial bioactivity by addition of organic amendments may enhance co-metabolism of high concentrations of pesticides in soil. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP FELSOT, AS (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,100 SPROUT RD,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 32 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 14 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1897/1552-8618(1995)14[23:EOACAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA QA153 UT WOS:A1995QA15300004 ER PT J AU Kelley, KR Stevenson, FJ AF Kelley, KR Stevenson, FJ TI Forms and nature of organic N in soil SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; N-15 humic substances; acid hydrolysis; analytical pyrolysis; NMR ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEWLY IMMOBILIZED N-15; STATE C-13 NMR; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; WHEAT-STRAW; FOREST SOIL; ACIDS AB Most of the N in surface soils occurs in organic forms. The organic N in soil plays a key role in plant nutrition and soil fertility through its effects on microbial activity and nutrient availability. Typically, about one-third of the fertilizer N applied to temperate-zone soils is immobilized and retained in organic forms at the end of the growing season. A significant portion of this newly immobilized N is no more available to microorganisms and plants than the native humus N. Stabilization processes, probably involving polymerization of amino compounds and polyphenols, result in incorporation of N into humic substances with a concurrent reduction in N availability. This paper presents an account of the forms and nature of organic N in soil, emphasizing possible formation pathways, chemical characterization of humic substances through conventional and solid-state techniques, and the fate and composition of newly immobilized N in soil. RP Kelley, KR (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 94 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 31 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1995 VL 42 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/BF00750495 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA UF880 UT WOS:A1995UF88000001 ER PT J AU Sikora, FJ Giordano, PM AF Sikora, FJ Giordano, PM TI Future directions for agricultural phosphorus research SO FERTILIZER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; workshop; environment; review ID MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; WATER-INSOLUBLE FRACTIONS; SOIL TEST; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; GREENHOUSE EVALUATION; PENICILLIUM-BILAJI; FIELD-EVALUATION; CALCIUM-OXALATE AB A workshop was held in 1990 in Muscle Shoals, Alabama to discuss current and future research on phosphorus in agriculture. Twenty four presentations were given in areas ranging from basic to applied research. For five of the research areas presented at the workshop, this paper presents a literature review, a review of presentations at the workshop, and a discussion of future research ideas. RP Sikora, FJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, ENVIRONM RES CTR, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. NR 113 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1731 J9 FERT RES JI Fertil. Res. PY 1995 VL 41 IS 3 BP 167 EP 178 DI 10.1007/BF00748306 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA TX972 UT WOS:A1995TX97200001 ER PT B AU Walker, C Dintsch, J AF Walker, C Dintsch, J BE Domenica, MF TI Using probabilistic temperature forecasts to support operation of TVA's power system, the first year's experience SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st-Century CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ELECT SYST OPERAT,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0081-4 PY 1995 BP 706 EP 709 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BE54V UT WOS:A1995BE54V00177 ER PT B AU Morris, SL AF Morris, SL BE Domenica, MF TI TVA's electric system operations and reservoir operations have chosen to use probabilistic weather forecasts SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st-Century CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ELECT SYST OPERAT,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0081-4 PY 1995 BP 710 EP 713 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BE54V UT WOS:A1995BE54V00178 ER PT B AU Arnwine, BC Whitlock, AW AF Arnwine, BC Whitlock, AW BE Domenica, MF TI Using probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts to support operation of TVA's reservoir system, the first year's experience SO INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference of the ASCEs Water Resources Planning and Management Division - Integrated Water Resources Planning for the 21st-Century CY MAY 07-11, 1995 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Boston Soc Civil Engineers, Amer Consulting Engineers, Council New England, New England Water Environm Assoc, New England Interstate Water Pollut Control Commiss, Massachusetts Assoc Land Surveyors & Civil Engineers, Massachusetts Municipal Engineers Assoc, Massachusetts Soc Profess Engineers, Soc Women Engineers, Boston Sect, Water Environm Federat, New England Water Works Assoc, Boston Water & Sewer Commiss, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, Cambridge Water Dept, Massachusetts Port Authority, S Essex Sewerage District, Tufts Univ, Harvard Univ, Northeastern Univ, MIT, Boston Univ, Wentworth Inst Technol, Camp Dresser & McKee, CH2M Hill, Metcalf & Eddy, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Rizzo Associates, Stone & Webster, Whitman & Howard C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESERVOIR OPERAT PLANNING & DEV,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0081-4 PY 1995 BP 714 EP 717 PG 2 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BE54V UT WOS:A1995BE54V00179 ER PT B AU JULIAN, HE YOUNG, SC AF JULIAN, HE YOUNG, SC BE Beck, BF TI Conceptual model of groundwater flow in a mantled karst aquifer and effects of the epikarst zone SO KARST GEOHAZARDS: ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN KARST TERRANE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst CY APR 02-05, 1995 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP P E LaMoreaux & Assoc Inc, Natl Groundwater Assoc, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Tennessee Sect, Univ Tennessee, Inst Geotechnol, Karst Waters Inst C1 TVA,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PI ROTTERDAM PA PO BOX 1675, 3000 BR ROTTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-535-6 PY 1995 BP 131 EP 139 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BD75P UT WOS:A1995BD75P00017 ER PT J AU HEDGECOTH, MA AF HEDGECOTH, MA TI RIM-DITCH METHOD OVERCOMES SPACE LIMITATIONS FOR SCRUBBER SLUDGE STORAGE SO POWER ENGINEERING LA English DT Article RP HEDGECOTH, MA (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74101 SN 0032-5961 J9 POWER ENG JI Power Eng. PD JAN PY 1995 VL 99 IS 1 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA QC654 UT WOS:A1995QC65400009 ER PT J AU DOWNER, GV WATTS, JK AF DOWNER, GV WATTS, JK GP AMER POWER CONF, ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL TI Who's on first? A process-based environmental compliance management system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 57, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Power Conference 57th Annual Meeting - Technology for a Competitive World CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TENNESSE VALLEY AUTHOR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1995 VL 57 BP 726 EP 730 PN 1-3 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD23S UT WOS:A1995BD23S00126 ER PT J AU TAYLOR, RL AF TAYLOR, RL GP AMER POWER CONF, ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL TI Automated Interchange Matching System (AIMS) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 57, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Power Conference 57th Annual Meeting - Technology for a Competitive World CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ELECT SYST OPERAT,CHATTANOOGA,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1995 VL 57 BP 1019 EP 1023 PN 1-3 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD23S UT WOS:A1995BD23S00178 ER PT J AU MCENTYRE, CL HARRIS, RA AF MCENTYRE, CL HARRIS, RA GP AMER POWER CONF, ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL TI Gallatin fossil plant evaluation of waste reduction opportunities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 57, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Power Conference 57th Annual Meeting - Technology for a Competitive World CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1995 VL 57 BP 1633 EP 1636 PN 1-3 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD23S UT WOS:A1995BD23S00285 ER PT S AU SIKORA, FJ BEHRENDS, LL BRODIE, GA AF SIKORA, FJ BEHRENDS, LL BRODIE, GA GP AMER POWER CONF, ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL TI Manganese and trace metal removal in successive anaerobic and aerobic wetland environments SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 57, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Power Conference 57th Annual Meeting - Technology for a Competitive World CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TVA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1995 VL 57 BP 1683 EP 1690 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD23S UT WOS:A1995BD23S00294 ER PT J AU DANZIG, AJ MCENTYRE, CL AF DANZIG, AJ MCENTYRE, CL GP AMER POWER CONF, ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL TI Limitations and requirements of using the chemical speciation code, MINTEQA2, to predict water quality impacts at fossil plants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE, VOL 57, PTS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN POWER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Power Conference 57th Annual Meeting - Technology for a Competitive World CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Illinois Inst Technol C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POWER CONFERENCE ILLINOIS INST TECHNOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA CHICAGO, IL 60616 SN 0097-2126 J9 PROC AMER POWER CONF PY 1995 VL 57 BP 1691 EP 1695 PN 1-3 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD23S UT WOS:A1995BD23S00295 ER PT B AU HAYES, MS AF HAYES, MS BE Andrews, CJ TI TENNESSEE-VALLEY-AUTHORITY CASE STUDY SO REGULATING REGIONAL POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electricity and Federalism - Regulating Regional Power Systems CY 1993 CL PRINCETON UNIV, WOODROW WILSON SCH PUBLIC & INT AFFAIRS, PRINCETON, NJ HO PRINCETON UNIV, WOODROW WILSON SCH PUBLIC & INT AFFAIRS C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CUSTOMER GRP,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU QUORUM BOOKS PI WESTPORT PA 88 POST ROAD WEST, WESTPORT, CT 06881 BN 0-89930-943-7 PY 1995 BP 303 EP 319 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BC91W UT WOS:A1995BC91W00023 ER PT B AU Wagner, CD Newell, VA AF Wagner, CD Newell, VA GP US COMM LARGE DAMS US COMM LARGE DAMS TI A review of the history of alkali-aggregate reaction at three of the Tennessee Valley Authority's dams SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ALKALI-AGGREGATE REACTIONS IN HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS AND DAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in Hydroelectric Plants and Dams CY OCT 22-27, 1995 CL CHATTANOOGA, TN SP US Comm Large Dams, Tennessee Valley Author, Acres Int Corp, Stone & Webster Engn Corp C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Wagner, CD (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, LP 2K-C,1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 17TH ST, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-08-0 PY 1995 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BL97T UT WOS:000077332500004 ER PT B AU Newell, VA Wagner, CD AF Newell, VA Wagner, CD GP US COMM LARGE DAMS US COMM LARGE DAMS TI Modifications to Hiwassee Dam and planned modification to Fontana and Chickamauga dams by the Tennessee Valley Authority to manage alkali-aggregate reaction SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ALKALI-AGGREGATE REACTIONS IN HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS AND DAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reactions in Hydroelectric Plants and Dams CY OCT 22-27, 1995 CL CHATTANOOGA, TN SP US Comm Large Dams, Tennessee Valley Author, Acres Int Corp, Stone & Webster Engn Corp C1 Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. RP Newell, VA (reprint author), Tennessee Valley Author, LP 2K-C,1101 Market St, Chattanooga, TN 37402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US COMMITTEE LARGE DAMS PI DENVER PA 1616 17TH ST, SUITE 483, DENVER, CO 80202 USA BN 1-884575-08-0 PY 1995 BP 83 EP 100 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BL97T UT WOS:000077332500006 ER PT J AU MULLINS, GL SIKORA, FJ WILLIAMS, JC AF MULLINS, GL SIKORA, FJ WILLIAMS, JC TI EFFECT OF WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MONOAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; INSOLUBLE FRACTION; AVAILABILITY AB Impure phosphate rock results in the formation of P-containing impurities having low water solubility in commercial triple superphosphate (TSP) fertilizers, which may influence their effectiveness. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the level of water-soluble P needed in TSP to maximize plant P uptake and yield when applied to a slightly acid soil (pH = 6.4). Fertilizer impurities were isolated from four commercial TSP fertilizers as a water-washed fraction by washing the whole fertilizers with deionized water. Fertilizers with varying water-soluble P were simulated by mixing reagent-grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP; approximate to 100% water soluble) with water-washed fertilizer fractions or reagent-grade dicalcium phosphate (DCP; approximate to 1.2% water-soluble P). The mixtures contained 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of the available P (available = water-soluble + ammonium citrate soluble P) as MCP. An additional treatment received 100% water-soluble P as MCP. Mixtures were applied to supply 50 mg available P kg(-1) soil. Sorghun-sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was harvested 21 and 42 d after planting. Forage yield and P uptake were affected by P source and water-soluble P content. Compared with using a 100% water-soluble P source (MCP), individual TSP fertilizer materials required 52 to 66% water-soluble P to attain 90% of the dry matter yield and 41 to 51% water-soluble P to attain 90% of P uptake. Results of this study demonstrate that current levels of ''water-insoluble P'' in commercial TSP sources are not affecting their performance when added to slightly acid soils. C1 AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. AUBURN UNIV,RES DATA ANAL & ALABAMA AGR EXP STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP MULLINS, GL (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1995 VL 59 IS 1 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA QD336 UT WOS:A1995QD33600040 ER PT B AU Hadjerioua, B Alavian, V Marcus, EG AF Hadjerioua, B Alavian, V Marcus, EG BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Transport of accidental oil spills in TVA reservoir system SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 648 EP 652 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00129 ER PT B AU Hadjerioua, B Eldredge, TV Mobley, MH AF Hadjerioua, B Eldredge, TV Mobley, MH BE Espey, WH Combs, PG TI Reservoir oxygenation by oxygen diffusers SO WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Water Resources Engineering CY AUG 14-18, 1995 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Engn Div, Amer Inst Hydrol, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Water Resources Planning & Management Div, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Waterway Port Coastal & Ocean Div, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Civil Engn, Int Assoc Hydraul Res, US Geol Survey, US Bur Reclamat, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soc Range Conservat, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Texas Water Dev Board, Texas Nat Resource Conservat Commiss C1 TVA,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0108-X PY 1995 BP 1451 EP 1455 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE48Z UT WOS:A1995BE48Z00289 ER PT J AU Sikora, FJ Tong, Z Behrends, LL Steinberg, SL Coonrod, HS AF Sikora, FJ Tong, Z Behrends, LL Steinberg, SL Coonrod, HS TI Ammonium removal in constructed wetlands with recirculating subsurface flow: Removal rates and mechanisms SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control CY NOV 06-10, 1994 CL CANTON, PEOPLES R CHINA SP UNEP, Int Assoc Water Qual, China Natl Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Tennessee Valley Authority DE adsorption; ammonium; immobilization; nitrification; phosphorus; vegetated submerged bed wetlands AB From June 1993 through February 1994, the removal of NH4-N was evaluated in constructed wetlands at the TVA constructed wetland research facility in Muscle Shoals, AL. The objectives were to determine rates for NH4-N removal and speculate on potential mechanisms for removal. Nine constructed wetland cells were used with approximate dimensions of 9.1 x 6.1 x 0.6 m(3) and a recirculating subsurface flow system in a gravel base. Treatments consisted of an unplanted (WO=control) and two polycultural planting schemes (P1=Scirpus acutus, Phragmites communis and Phalaris arundinacea; P2=Typha sp., Scirpus atrovirens georgianus and Scirpus cyperinus) replicated 3 times. Salt solutions were added and recirculated in each cell resulting in initial concentrations of 50 and 300 mg l(-1) of NK4-N and COD, respectively, when fully diluted with wetland water. Salts were added to wetlands approximately every 6 weeks with the first addition on June 1, 1993 and the last addition on February 9, 1994 for a total of 6 time periods (times I, II, III, IV, V and VI). The COD of the waters was removed at rates ranging from 5.5 to 10 g/m(2)/d during times I through IV with no discernible difference amongst the planting treatments. Wetland cells with PI were more efficient at removing NH4-N (1.1 g/m(2)/d) than P2 (0.6 g/m(2)/d) or WO (0.5 g/m(2)/d) at time I with differences decreasing by time IV (0.3 to 0.7 g/m(2)/d). During the winter (times V and VI), there were no differences in NH4-N removal amongst planting treatments with an average removal rate of 0.35 g/m(2)/d. There was a seasonal change in NH4-N removal in all the treatments, with the change most noticeable in the planted cells. The removal of NH4-N in WO was speculated to be due to a combination of sorption onto gravel, microbial assimilation, and nitrification at the air-water interface, The extra NH4-N removal in the planted cells diminished in the winter because the removal was most likely due to a combination of enhanced nitrification from O-2 transport and NH4-N uptake mediated by seasonal macrophyte growth. RP Sikora, FJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENVIRONM RES CTR,POB 1010,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 15 TC 44 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 193 EP 202 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(95)00620-6 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA TP206 UT WOS:A1995TP20600023 ER PT J AU Zhu, T Sikora, FJ AF Zhu, T Sikora, FJ TI Ammonium and nitrate removal in vegetated and unvegetated gravel bed microcosm wetlands SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control CY NOV 06-10, 1994 CL CANTON, PEOPLES R CHINA SP UNEP, Int Assoc Water Qual, China Natl Environm Protect Agcy, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Tennessee Valley Authority DE ammonium; carbon; denitrification; labelled N-15; nitrate; nitrification; oxygen redox; plant-gravel system; wetlands AB A greenhouse experiment was conducted at Tennessee Valley Authority, Alabama, USA, in the summer of 1993 to investigate ammonium and nitrate removal processes in constructed wetlands. Microcosm wetlands cells were used in the study and consisted of plastic containers with 0.4 x 0.35 m(2) surface area and 0.5 m depth. Two separate experiments were conducted. One experiment analyzed NH4-N removal and the other analyzed NO3-N removal. Nutrient solutions containing approximately 48 mg/l NH4-N or NO3-N were added in a batch mode to the wetland microcosms and the solution chemistry was analyzed with time, Treatments consisted of unplanted cells or cells planted with canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), reed (Phragmites communis), bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens georgianus) or typha (Typha latifolia). Another treatment consisted of added nutrient solutions containing or not containing C at 112 mg/l. In the NH4-N removal experiment, the rate of NH4-N removal occurred in the order: reed > canarygrass = bulrush > typha much greater than unplanted in wetland cells with and without C. The order of NH4-N removal was believed to be associated with the density of root biomass in the gravel. The greater the root biomass, the greater the chance for plant N uptake or nitrification mediated by O-2 transport to the rhizosphere. In the NO3-N experiment, the rate of NO3-N removal occurred in the order: reed = canarygrass > typha = bulrush > unplanted cells. Labelled (KNO3)-N-15 was used to trace the NO3-N removal process. By measuring the N-15 in the plant biomass, the quantity of NO3-N removed via plant uptake was delineated from combined removal processes of denitrification and immobilization. In the treatments with C, 55 to 70% of the NO3-N was removed via denitrification and immobilization. For bulrush, reed and typha, the quantity of NO3-N removed via denitrification and immobilization without added C was reduced to 14 to 30%. However, NO3-N removal via denitrification and immobilization remained high at 72% of added NO3-N in canarygrass cells due to high concentrations of organic C released from the canarygrass roots (15-20 mg/l C) that apparently did not limit denitrification or immobilization. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, ENVIRONM RES CTR, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. RP Zhu, T (reprint author), S CHINA INST ENVIRONM SCI, CANTON, PEOPLES R CHINA. NR 9 TC 67 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 12 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1995 VL 32 IS 3 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(95)00623-0 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA TP206 UT WOS:A1995TP20600026 ER PT J AU PHILLIPS, P BENDER, J SIMMS, R RODRIGUEZEATON, S BRITT, C AF PHILLIPS, P BENDER, J SIMMS, R RODRIGUEZEATON, S BRITT, C TI MANGANESE REMOVAL FROM ACID COAL-MINE DRAINAGE BY A POND CONTAINING GREEN-ALGAE AND MICROBIAL MAT SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IAWQ International Specialist Conference on Waste Stabilization Ponds and the Reuse of Pond Effluents CY DEC 03, 1993 CL OAKLAND, CA SP Int Assoc Water Qual, Univ Calif Berkeley DE ACID MINE DRAINAGE; BLUE-GREEN ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIA; MANGANESE; METAL REMOVAL; MICROBIAL MATS ID ECOSYSTEM AB Acid mine drainage flowing from an underground seep, through an anoxic drain to an oxidation pond and then trickling filter was distributed among three treatment ponds for manganese reduction before releasing the mining water to a surface stream. Manganese was more effectively removed from the integrated green algae and microbial mat with limestone substrate pond (algae mat system) than from control ponds containing limestone or pea gravel substrates without mat. Although there was some Mn-cell binding, manganese was primarily deposited as precipitates at the pond bottom. Day/night and winter/summer manganese removal was essentially the same. The greater efficiency in Mn removal by the algae mat pond was most pronounced with higher flow rates and during the night. At 2 metres from the influent point of each pond, the algae mat pond removed 2.59 g manganese/day/M(2), respectively, compared to 0.80 in the limestone pond and 0.37 in the pea gravel pond. Control ponds showed either Mn breakthrough or near breakthrough (Mn outflow releases > US Environmental Protection Agency regulations of 2 mg/L) during night-time sampling or when mine drainage flow exceeded 4.5 L/min. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. RP PHILLIPS, P (reprint author), CLARK ATLANTA UNIV,SCI & TECHNOL RES CTR,ATLANTA,GA 30314, USA. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1995 VL 31 IS 12 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1016/0273-1223(95)00503-F PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA TG769 UT WOS:A1995TG76900018 ER PT B AU Harshbarger, ED Mobley, MH Brock, WG AF Harshbarger, ED Mobley, MH Brock, WG BE Cassidy, JJ TI Aeration of hydroturbine discharges at Tims Ford Dam SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00002 ER PT B AU Mobley, M Tyson, W Webb, J Brock, G AF Mobley, M Tyson, W Webb, J Brock, G BE Cassidy, JJ TI Surface water pumps to improve dissolved oxygen content of hydropower releases SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 20 EP 29 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00003 ER PT B AU Burton, D AF Burton, D BE Cassidy, JJ TI Managing lake levels for environmental benefits SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESERVOIR OPERAT PLANNING & DEV,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 242 EP 246 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00026 ER PT B AU Keith, GO Poteet, MS Caldwell, CE Bohac, CE AF Keith, GO Poteet, MS Caldwell, CE Bohac, CE BE Cassidy, JJ TI Small hydro turbine/generator projects at TVA SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 543 EP 552 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00058 ER PT B AU Giles, JE Jones, RK AF Giles, JE Jones, RK BE Cassidy, JJ TI Approximate index testing using real-time hydro monitoring SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 774 EP 782 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00083 ER PT B AU Wolff, PJ Hansen, DB Almquist, CW March, PA AF Wolff, PJ Hansen, DB Almquist, CW March, PA BE Cassidy, JJ TI An improved system for hydroturbine index testing SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 783 EP 792 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00084 ER PT B AU Hegseth, DG Sehgal, CK Erpenbeck, DA AF Hegseth, DG Sehgal, CK Erpenbeck, DA BE Cassidy, JJ TI South Holston power intake penstock rehabilitation SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1029 EP 1040 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00111 ER PT B AU Niznik, JA Conner, GG AF Niznik, JA Conner, GG BE Cassidy, JJ TI Feasibility studies to rehabilitate TVA's Chickamauga navigation facility due to the effects of concrete growth SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1041 EP 1050 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00112 ER PT B AU Newell, V Tanner, DT Wagner, CD AF Newell, V Tanner, DT Wagner, CD BE Cassidy, JJ TI Hiwassee Dam rehabilitation to combat concrete growth SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1051 EP 1058 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00113 ER PT B AU Miller, LJ Thompson, DW AF Miller, LJ Thompson, DW BE Cassidy, JJ TI Chickamauga hydro unit 3 history of problems, application of new technology and corrective actions SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,HYDRO OPERAT,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1107 EP 1113 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00119 ER PT B AU Carter, J AF Carter, J BE Cassidy, JJ TI Recent experience with turbine venting at TVA SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TVA,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1396 EP 1405 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00151 ER PT B AU Burton, D AF Burton, D BE Cassidy, JJ TI Managing the TVA reservoir system for recreation benefits SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESERVOIR OPERAT PLANNING & DEV,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1625 EP 1629 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00176 ER PT B AU Hauser, GE Morris, DI AF Hauser, GE Morris, DI BE Cassidy, JJ TI High-performance aerating weirs for dissolved oxygen improvement SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TVA,ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1696 EP 1705 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00184 ER PT B AU Shane, RM Zagona, EA McIntosh, D Fulp, TJ AF Shane, RM Zagona, EA McIntosh, D Fulp, TJ BE Cassidy, JJ TI Modeling framework for optimizing basin hydropower SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESERVOIR OPERAT PLANNING & DEV,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 1868 EP 1873 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00203 ER PT B AU Hopping, P Mobley, M Pearson, H AF Hopping, P Mobley, M Pearson, H BE Cassidy, JJ TI Measurement of turbine pressures at TVA's Norris Hydro Project SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TVA ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 2009 EP 2018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00219 ER PT B AU Giles, JE Braden, JM Laszlo, F AF Giles, JE Braden, JM Laszlo, F BE Cassidy, JJ TI Scheduling hydropower units for maximum plant efficiency SO WATERPOWER '95 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYDROPOWER, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hydropower (Waterpower 95) CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Bechtel Corp, Calif Dept Water Resources, Harza Engn Co, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Fed Energy Regulatory Commiss, Tennessee Valley Authority, USA Corps Engineers, US Bur Reclamat, US Dept Energy, Bonneville Power Adm, New York Power Authority C1 TVA ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 BN 0-7844-0099-7 PY 1995 BP 2253 EP 2260 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BE49A UT WOS:A1995BE49A00244 ER PT B AU Broder, JD Lightsey, GR Pagan, EM Villalba, AM AF Broder, JD Lightsey, GR Pagan, EM Villalba, AM BE Shen, SY TI Reuse of municipal solid wastes by recycling and conversion to energy and chemicals SO WORLD RESOURCE REVIEW, VOL 7, NOS 1-3, MARCH 1995: GLOBAL WARMING SCIENCE & POLICY - PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 1995, PTS 1-3 SE GLOBAL WARMING INTERNATIONAL CENTER MONOGRAPH SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Global Warming - Science and Policy CY 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP SUPCON Int DE municipal solid waste; biomass; waste utilization; energy; chemicals C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT BIOTECHNOL,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SUPCON INTERNATIONAL PI WOODRIDGE PA PO BOX 5275, WOODRIDGE, IL 60517-0275 BN 1-9634567-9-2 J9 GLOB WARM INT CTR M PY 1995 BP 358 EP 366 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BG14J UT WOS:A1995BG14J00025 ER PT B AU Heironimus, S AF Heironimus, S GP ARMA INT TI Forms management and records management: A powerful partnership SO YOUR HIGHWAY TO INFORMATION MANAGEMENT - ARMA INTERNATIONAL 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Conference of ARMA International - Your Highway to Information Management CY OCT 22-25, 1995 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP ARMA Int C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37402. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RECORDS MANAGERS & ADMINISTRATORS PI PRAIRIE VILLAGE PA 4200 SOMERSET DRIVE, SUITE 215, PRAIRIE VILLAGE, KS 66208 BN 0-933887-55-8 PY 1995 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BF33Q UT WOS:A1995BF33Q00031 ER PT J AU MOLZ, FJ BOMAN, GK YOUNG, SC WALDROP, WR AF MOLZ, FJ BOMAN, GK YOUNG, SC WALDROP, WR TI BOREHOLE FLOWMETERS - FIELD APPLICATION AND DATA-ANALYSIS SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; AQUIFER; PERMEABILITY; FRACTURES; TESTS AB This paper reviews application of borehole flowmeters in granular and fractured rocks. Basic data obtained in the field are the ambient flow log and the pumping-induced flow log. These basic logs may then be used to calculate other quantities of interest. The paper describes the applications of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) electromagnetic (EM) flowmeter in a granular medium. In an attempt to ascertain the effect of formation disturbance on flowmeter readings, test wells were subjected to repeated periods of development using air lifting. Between the development periods, flowmeter tests were run. The results indicated that flowmeter data are not highly sensitive to formation disturbance in the near vicinity of a test well. Evidence of changes in the natural (ambient) flow in the test well was attributed to high, variable rates of pumping by nearby chemical plants. In fractured media, flowmeters may be used to detect flow to or from individual fractures or fracture zones. In these applications, additional information in the form of caliper, televiewer and resistivity logs are useful. Further studies of the type described herein are warranted. C1 TVA ENGN LAB,NORRIS,TN 37828. RP MOLZ, FJ (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 33 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 15 PY 1994 VL 163 IS 3-4 BP 347 EP 371 DI 10.1016/0022-1694(94)90148-1 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA QB268 UT WOS:A1994QB26800010 ER PT J AU RUPP, RO RUSSELL, JR AF RUPP, RO RUSSELL, JR TI THE GOLDEN RULES OF PROCESS REDESIGN SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Article RP RUPP, RO (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,RESOURCES GRP,KNOXVILLE,TN, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 27 IS 12 BP 85 EP 90 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA PV687 UT WOS:A1994PV68700020 ER PT J AU KAYSER, AT WILCKE, W KAUPENJOHANN, M JOSLIN, JD AF KAYSER, AT WILCKE, W KAUPENJOHANN, M JOSLIN, JD TI SMALL-SCALE HETEROGENEITY OF SOIL CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES .1. A TECHNIQUE FOR RAPID AGGREGATE FRACTIONATION SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; WATER AB Several recent studies have observed physical, chemical and microbiological heterogeneities on the scale of soil aggregates. The publications emphasize the ecological importance of these small scale gradients. This paper introduces a method for the rapid fractionation of soil structure units into a surface fraction and a core fraction. The technique combines a rapid freezing in liquid N-2 and standardized wet sieving of the structure units. During the sieving process the aggregate surfaces begin to thaw and are consequently washed through the sieve. The soil passing the sieve during a specified time is termed aggregate surface fractions, the remainder is the aggregate core fraction. Samples from 18 forest soil profile were taken to study the precision and accuracy of the method, as well as factors determining the efficiency of fractionation. The precision of aggregate fractionation as determined by parallel fractionations yielded coefficients of variability of 5.3 to 7.5 % and 6.5 to 11.4 % for the amount of core and surface fraction, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed technique yielded results comparable to those obtained by manual razor-peeling of the aggregate surfaces. The variation of concentrations of chemical parameters in water extracts of both aggregate fractions was up to six times greater than in soil solutions obtained from mixed samples. Increasing soil organic C resulted in a decrease in the proportion of the aggregate surface soil collected under fixed sieving conditions, while clay content correlated positively with the amount of the aggregate surface fraction collected. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP KAYSER, AT (reprint author), UNIV BAYREUTH,CHAIR SOIL SCI & SOIL GEOG,D-95440 BAYREUTH,GERMANY. NR 20 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0044-3263 J9 Z PFLANZ BODENKUNDE JI Z. Pflanzen. Bodenk. PD DEC PY 1994 VL 157 IS 6 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1002/jpln.19941570610 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA QB643 UT WOS:A1994QB64300009 ER PT J AU REAMS, GA NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM AF REAMS, GA NICHOLAS, NS ZEDAKER, SM TI 200-YEAR VARIATION OF SOUTHERN RED SPRUCE RADIAL GROWTH AS ESTIMATED BY SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS - REPLY SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Discussion ID FIR FORESTS; DECLINE; MOUNTAINS; CLIMATE C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD PROGRAM ECOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,COLL FORESTRY & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,BLACKSBURG,VA 24060. RP REAMS, GA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO FOREST EXPT STN,INST QUANTITAT STUDIES,701 LOYOLA AVE,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70113, USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 1994 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2305 EP 2311 DI 10.1139/x94-297 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA QE426 UT WOS:A1994QE42600022 ER PT J AU THORNTON, FC JOSLIN, JD PIER, PA NEUFELD, H SEILER, JR HUTCHERSON, JD AF THORNTON, FC JOSLIN, JD PIER, PA NEUFELD, H SEILER, JR HUTCHERSON, JD TI CLOUDWATER AND OZONE EFFECTS UPON HIGH-ELEVATION RED SPRUCE - A SUMMARY OF STUDY RESULTS FROM WHITETOP MOUNTAIN, VIRGINIA SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ACID MIST; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; EPICUTICULAR WAX; GROWTH-RESPONSE; GRAFTED MATURE; AIR-POLLUTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE; SEEDLINGS; DEPOSITION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB This paper Integrates the results of a number of studies on the effects of cloudwater and ozone (O-3) On red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings, saplings, and mature trees at Whitetop Mountain, VA, over a 3-yr period. These investigations consisted of (i) seedling chamber exclusion studies, (ii) mature tree branch chamber exclusion studies, and (iii) field experiments comparing responses of seedlings, saplings, and mature trees. The studies included treatments that: (i) excluded clouds and O-3 (COE), (ii) excluded clouds and had ambient O-3 (CE), and (iii) exposed plants to both clouds and O-3 either with (CC) or without (AA) chambers. Seedlings and mature branches in the various treatments were compared with respect to growth rates, gas exchange rates, foliar nutrition, and chlorophyll and wax content. Soil solution, throughfall, and foliar responses of mature trees near the summit, receiving differing amounts of cloud exposure (low cloud and high cloud sites) were also monitored. Ozone was found to have minimal effects on the parameters measured, whereas cloudwater exposure was found to have adverse effects on several response parameters. Chambered seedlings that were exposed to cloudwater (AA and CC), and mature trees at the high cloud site had significantly lower foliar Ca and Mg concentrations than their counterparts, which were protected from exposure (seedlings) or received low cloud exposure (mature). A 3 to 5 degrees C increase in cold tolerance was also measured in seedlings from which cloudwater was excluded. These findings suggest that cloudwater-mediated effects are currently having a negative impact on the health of red spruce, and may be involved in red spruce decline in the eastern USA. C1 APPALACHIAN STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BOONE,NC 28608. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT FORESTRY,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. N CAROLINA DEPT ENVIRON,WINSTON SALEM,NC 27106. RP THORNTON, FC (reprint author), TVA,ATMOSPHER SCI,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 62 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1158 EP 1167 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PR003 UT WOS:A1994PR00300004 ER PT J AU PARR, A LIMBACK, S MCENROE, B ZOU, S AF PARR, A LIMBACK, S MCENROE, B ZOU, S TI NON-POINT-SOURCE POLLUTION FROM INTERRILL FLOW AREAS SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID RUNOFF CONTAMINATION; SURFACE RUNOFF; SOIL CHEMICALS; WATER; MODEL AB This paper presents a procedure for estimating the total pollutant mass loss resulting from the interrill component of agricultural runoff. The procedure involves successive applications of a now model and a mass transport model. The two-dimensional flow model developed by Limback et al. in 1985 provides depth and velocity distributions in the interrill flow domain, where the flow is longitudinally uniform. These distributions are used as input for a diffusional mass transport model to estimate pollutant losses from soil interstices into the overland now. Empirical relationships are used in the mass transport model to express dispersion coefficients as functions of overland now and soil parameters. The procedure, based on the interrill flow model, can be used with other mass transport models instead of the diffusion model presented here. Such models might include infiltration, adsorption, convection, or other pertinent physical processes. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37902. RP PARR, A (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,LAWRENCE,KS 66045, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 1994 VL 120 IS 6 BP 1056 EP 1066 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:6(1056) PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA PT790 UT WOS:A1994PT79000004 ER PT J AU SAMUELSON, LJ AF SAMUELSON, LJ TI OZONE-EXPOSURE RESPONSES OF BLACK-CHERRY AND RED MAPLE SEEDLINGS SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; GROWTH; OZONE EXPOSURE ID ENVIRONMENT ALTERS RESPONSE; ACER-SACCHARUM MARSH; HYBRID POPULUS L; ACIDIC PRECIPITATION; SEASONAL PATTERNS; CARBON ALLOCATION; UNITED-STATES; PINUS-TAEDA; SENSITIVITY; GROWTH AB Field foliar injury surveys have been used to identify ozone injury in deciduous tree species growing in forested areas in the southeastern United States. Whether ozone-induced foliar symptoms are indicative of leaf photosynthetic and growth reductions is not well understood. This research tested the hypothesis that ozone-induced foliar injury is accompanied by reductions in leaf gas exchange and growth in 1-year-old black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and red maple (Acer rubrum L.). Seedlings were grown under a 75% reduction of ambient light and fumigated with sub-ambient, ambient or twice-ambient concentrations of ozone on a 24-hr basis for one growing season (5 months). For both species, only leaves exposed to the twice-ambient ozone treatment displayed visible symptoms. Net photosynthesis and leaf conductance of red maple and black cherry leaves declined, and internal CO2 concentrations increased in response to ozone treatment. Ozone reduced the height growth and the root/shoot ratio of black cherry, but ozone did not influence red maple growth. These results indicate that ozone-induced foliar injury may be accompanied by reductions in leaf gas exchange in black cherry and red maple, and by growth reductions in black cherry. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0098-8472 J9 ENVIRON EXP BOT JI Environ. Exp. Bot. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 34 IS 4 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1016/0098-8472(94)90017-5 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA QB477 UT WOS:A1994QB47700002 ER PT J AU SAMUELSON, LJ AF SAMUELSON, LJ TI THE ROLE OF MICROCLIMATE IN DETERMINING THE SENSITIVITY OF QUERCUS-RUBRA L TO OZONE SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE NORTHERN RED OAK; LEAF GAS EXCHANGE; GROWTH; SUM06; QUERCUS RUBRA ID GROWTH; SEEDLINGS; FOREST; TREES AB Microclimate has been suggested as a factor to consider when scaling ozone responses of forest trees from the seedling to tree level. To test whether microclimate influences the response of seedlings to ozone, 1-yr-old Quercus rubra L. seedlings were grown in the shaded upper or lower canopy of 31-yr-old trees in open-top tree chambers, or in more exposed open-top seedling chambers, and received subambient (cumulative SUM06* dose of 0 ppm-h), ambient (cumulative SUM06 dose of 19 ppm-h) or twice ambient (cumulative SUM06 dose of 135 ppm-h) exposures to ozone for one growing season. Seedlings exposed to warmer temperatures and greater PAR within the seedling chambers had greater biomass, total leaf nitrogen, second foliar flush net photosynthesis, leaf conductance and dark respiration than seedlings grown in either location within the tree canopies. However, microclimate did not influence the responses to ozone, Net photosynthesis, leaf conductance and apparent quantum yield of first flush leaves of seedlings exposed to the same leaf microclimate as trees were reduced between 16% and 20% by ozone treatment. Ozone induced larger reductions in the net photosynthesis, leaf conductance and apparent quantum yield of tree leaves. These results indicate that, although microclimate influenced seedling growth and physiology, microclimate did not play a dominant role in determining the sensitivity of Q. rubra seedlings to ozone. RP SAMUELSON, LJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,TVA FORESTRY BLDG,RIDGEWAY RD,NORRIS,TN 37828, USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD OCT PY 1994 VL 128 IS 2 BP 235 EP 241 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04007.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA PP399 UT WOS:A1994PP39900005 ER PT J AU LOCKABY, BG THORNTON, FC JONES, RH CLAWSON, RG AF LOCKABY, BG THORNTON, FC JONES, RH CLAWSON, RG TI ECOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF AN OLIGOTROPHIC FLOODPLAIN FOREST TO HARVESTING SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wetland Processes and Water Quality CY NOV 03-04, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON, SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID SOIL DENITRIFICATION; WETLAND; NITROGEN; FLUXES AB Aerial and ground-based harvest systems were compared in terms of effects on gaseous and hydrologic transfers of N and P. The South Alabama study sites were narrow floodplains of low order, blackwater streams and were dominated by P-deficient histolsols and a mixed deciduous, evergreen forest. There was no statistically significant harvesting effect on either denitrification or surface and groundwater chemistry. Denitrification exhibited a strong seasonal trend and considerable within-site variation with annual rates ranging from 7 to 20 kg/ha per yr. Nitrate and phosphate concentrations in waters were quite low and did not vary significantly between the harvested zone and unharvested forests immediately upstream and downstream from the harvest. An unexpected result of the harvests was a statistically significant lowering of groundwater tables, an apparent evaporation response to elevated temperatures in the dark-colored organic soils. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP LOCKABY, BG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 901 EP 906 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500007 ER PT J AU STEINBERG, SL COONROD, HS AF STEINBERG, SL COONROD, HS TI OXIDATION OF THE ROOT-ZONE BY AQUATIC PLANTS GROWING IN GRAVEL-NUTRIENT SOLUTION CULTURE SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Wetland Processes and Water Quality CY NOV 03-04, 1992 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP AMER SOC AGRON, SOIL SCI SOC AMER ID PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; OXYGEN; ATMOSPHERE; PH AB The root zone oxidation state was monitored over a period of 87 d for alpine rush (Juncus alpinus Vill.), canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaea L.), and cattail (Typha latifolia L.) growing in gravel-nutrient solution culture. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the root zone of cattail and canarygrass was less-than-or-equal-to 1 mg L-1, whereas in alpine rush it ranged from 0 to 2 mg L-1. All planted treatments consistently had a dissolved oxygen concentration 1 to 2 mg L-1 lower than gravel without plants. Redox potentials in the root zone of alpine rush were normally between 400 and 700 mV, indicating an aerobic root zone. The root zone of cattail also tended to be aerobic, although redox potentials of <400 mV were obtained 40% of the time. Canarygrass had the most reduced root zone with 85% of the redox potential measurements <400 mV. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and redox potentials in the root zone did not change significantly on a diurnal basis for any of the plant species. The results show that there was a plant species effect on the oxidation state of the root zone as measured by dissolved oxygen and redox potential. RP STEINBERG, SL (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS RES & DEV FACIL,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 23 IS 5 BP 907 EP 913 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA PG295 UT WOS:A1994PG29500008 ER PT J AU BLISS, JC NEPAL, SK BROOKS, RT LARSEN, MD AF BLISS, JC NEPAL, SK BROOKS, RT LARSEN, MD TI FORESTRY COMMUNITY OR GRANFALLOON SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB In a popular novel of the 1960s, Cat's Cradle, author Kurt Vonnegut coined the term ''granfalloon'' for a collection of people erroneously believed to hold much in common (Vonnegut 1963). If you've ever attended a high school class reunion expecting to feel part of the old gang, but instead you feel as if you've come to the wrong party, you've been in a granfalloon. We foresters speak of the ''forestry community,'' meaning people who own, manage, work in, or in some way depend on forests. The word community comes from the Latin communis, meaning shared in common. By referring to ourselves as a community, we imply that members share certain values about forests-values that give definition to the community and differentiate members from nonmembers. C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,NORRIS,TN 37828. GALLUP ORG INC,LINCOLN,NE. RP BLISS, JC (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 9 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 92 IS 9 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA PF345 UT WOS:A1994PF34500008 ER PT J AU JOSLIN, JD WOLFE, MH AF JOSLIN, JD WOLFE, MH TI FOLIAR DEFICIENCIES OF MATURE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN RED SPRUCE DETERMINED FROM FERTILIZER TRIALS SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; FOREST DECLINE; SOIL CHEMISTRY; TREE SEEDLINGS; CLOUD WATER; NEW-ENGLAND; FIR STANDS; NEW-YORK; DEPOSITION AB A field fertilization study employing additions of Ca, Mg, and N to a mature red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) stand was conducted at a high-elevation site in southwestern Virginia. Statistically significant increases in needle weight (20% larger than controls) were observed after two growing seasons in treatments receiving Ca or Ca plus Mg. Significant foliar growth responses were accompanied by significant increases (20-60%) in foliar concentrations of Ca, Zn, Mg, acid Mn in current-year and 1-yr-old needles. Both Ca and Mg addition, alone or together, appear to have alleviated antagonisms by Al towards the uptake of these four cations. Both the foliar growth response (negative) and the foliar N concentration response to N addition were nonsignificant, a response consistent with the evidence for N saturation at this site. Vector analysis, correlation analyses, and literature evidence all provide support at this site for a foliar deficiency of Zn at a foliar concentration of 14 mg kg(-1) and for a foliar and/or root deficiency of Ca at a current-year needle concentration of 1700 mg kg(-1). Foliar concentrations of Ca and Zn at or below these thresholds are common in southern Appalachian red spruce and may be related to its apparent growth decline in the higher elevations. RP JOSLIN, JD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,COOPERAT FOREST STUDIES PROGRAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1994 VL 58 IS 5 BP 1572 EP 1579 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA PH246 UT WOS:A1994PH24600042 ER PT J AU MORRIS, K AF MORRIS, K TI TVA INTEGRATES RELAY NETWORK INTO SCADA SYSTEM SO TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION LA English DT Article RP MORRIS, K (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT TRANSMISS SYST OPERAT TECHNOL DEV,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERTEC PUBL CORP PI OVERLAND PK PA 9800 METCALF AVE PO BOX 12901, OVERLAND PK, KS 66282-2901 SN 0041-1280 J9 TRANSM DISTRIB JI Transm. Distrib. PD SEP PY 1994 VL 46 IS 9 BP 60 EP 63 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA QC013 UT WOS:A1994QC01300012 ER PT J AU NGUYEN, DT NICHOLS, DE AF NGUYEN, DT NICHOLS, DE TI PERFORMANCE OF CORROSION-INHIBITORS ON MILD-STEEL EXPOSED TO UREA AMMONIUM SOLUTIONS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TVA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 7 EP FERT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26101807 ER PT J AU WILLIAMS, RJ RYLANT, KE COLE, CA AF WILLIAMS, RJ RYLANT, KE COLE, CA TI POLLUTION PREVENTION FOR AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TVA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 12 EP FERT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26101812 ER PT J AU BRODER, MF NGUYEN, DT ZARATE, EA AF BRODER, MF NGUYEN, DT ZARATE, EA TI PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE COATINGS EXPOSED TO AGRICHEMICALS SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TVA,ENVIRONM RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 21 PY 1994 VL 208 BP 14 EP FERT PN 1 PG 0 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA PA261 UT WOS:A1994PA26101814 ER PT J AU OLSZYNA, KJ BAILEY, EM SIMONAITIS, R MEAGHER, JF AF OLSZYNA, KJ BAILEY, EM SIMONAITIS, R MEAGHER, JF TI O3 AND NOY RELATIONSHIPS AT A RURAL SITE SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; OZONE PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; NITRIC-ACID; AIR; TROPOSPHERE; PACIFIC AB Measurements of O3, NO, NO2, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), HNO3, and NO(y) were made during a 6-week period in the summer of 1991 in Giles County, Tennessee. These data were analyzed to determine the factors controlling the relationship between O3 and NO(y) at this rural site. A strong association was observed between the O3 and NO(x) oxidation product (NO(z) = NO(y) - NO(x)) levels. The higher O3 levels were associated with air masses impacted by higher NO(x) emissions that had been photochemically processed. An analysis of the data indicates that the ultimate O3 production is about 10 molecules Of O3 produced for each molecule of NO(x) emitted. The analysis results also suggest that O3 net production continues until about 70% of the NO(x) has been converted into NO(z). The PAN/HNO3 ratios observed suggest that the air masses in Giles County are composed of higher volatile organic carbon/NO(x) ratios than the air masses observed at other rural sites in eastern North America. A comparison of the data analysis results to model simulations and smog chamber experiments suggests that most of the time, Giles County is in an NO(x)-limited regime for O3 production. RP OLSZYNA, KJ (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR, POB 1010, MUSCLE SHOALS, AL 35660 USA. NR 19 TC 133 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1994 VL 99 IS D7 BP 14557 EP 14563 DI 10.1029/94JD00739 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA NY396 UT WOS:A1994NY39600017 ER PT J AU JOSLIN, JD AF JOSLIN, JD TI REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MERCURY LEVELS IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS - A DISCUSSION OF POSSIBLE CAUSAL FACTORS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TENNESSEE RIVER SYSTEM AND THE NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE MERCURY; TENNESSEE RIVER; FISH TOXICITY; ORGANIC MATTER; ACIDIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION ID SWEDISH FOREST LAKES; FISH; ACCUMULATION; DEPOSITION; TURNOVER; WATERS AB Concern about mercury pollution from atmospheric deposition has risen markedly in the last decade because of high levels of mercury in freshwater fish from relatively pristine waters. Whereas high concentrations have been found principally in Canada, the northern United States, and Scandinavia, they have also recently been observed throughout much of Florida. Recent surveys of the Tennessee River system, however, have found no locations where fish levels exceed EPA guidelines for fish consumption. This paper evaluates a number of factors that may cause certain regions in the northern hemisphere to experience unacceptable fish mercury levels while other regions do not. Relevant regional differences include: (1) Waters of the Tennessee River system are generally nonacidic (pH > 6) and well buffered, whereas 16%, 22%, and 40% of the lakes in upper Midwest, Northeast, and Florida, respectively. have acid-neutralizing capacities below 50 mueq/liter. Acidity correlates highly with fish mercury levels in a number of lake surveys, and experimental manipulations of acidity have significantly raised fish mercury levels. (2) The ratio of land area to water surface area in the Tennessee Valley averages about 30, whereas it is 15 in the upper Midwest and 6 in Florida. Low ratios allow mercury in precipitation to be directly deposited to aquatic bodies, without an opportunity for the mercury to be sequestered by terrestrial ecosystems. (3) Stream organic matter concentrations in Florida, the upper Midwest, and Sweden are 2-10 times those in the Tennessee Valley. Mercury binds strongly to organic matter, and organic matter transport in runoff is a major pathway by which mercury enters aquatic ecosystems. RP JOSLIN, JD (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 18 IS 4 BP 559 EP 567 DI 10.1007/BF02400859 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NM131 UT WOS:A1994NM13100007 ER PT J AU CEASE, TW FELDHAUS, B AF CEASE, TW FELDHAUS, B TI REAL-TIME MONITORING OF THE TVA POWER-SYSTEM SO IEEE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN POWER LA English DT Article C1 TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,TECHNOL ADVANCEMENTS GRP,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401. UNIV TENNESSEE CHATTANOOGA,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401. RP CEASE, TW (reprint author), TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,DIV RES & DEV,CHATTANOOGA,TN 37401, USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0895-0156 J9 IEEE COMPUT APPL POW JI IEEE Comput. Appl. Power PD JUL PY 1994 VL 7 IS 3 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1109/67.294170 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA PT640 UT WOS:A1994PT64000011 ER PT J AU EDGELL, KW LONGBOTTOM, JE JOYCE, RJ ARAR, E ARNOLD, T CAPITO, J DOVI, R DRAGOTTA, D GROHSE, P JACKSON, P JOYCE, R MITCHELL, B NORTHINGTON, J PRATT, W ROEHL, R SCUTT, C SHERWELL, J SHOOP, C SURVESKI, T TUCKER, D WHITE, V WILLIAMS, F WOLF, W STANLEY, J AF EDGELL, KW LONGBOTTOM, JE JOYCE, RJ ARAR, E ARNOLD, T CAPITO, J DOVI, R DRAGOTTA, D GROHSE, P JACKSON, P JOYCE, R MITCHELL, B NORTHINGTON, J PRATT, W ROEHL, R SCUTT, C SHERWELL, J SHOOP, C SURVESKI, T TUCKER, D WHITE, V WILLIAMS, F WOLF, W STANLEY, J TI ION-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DISSOLVED HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM IN DRINKING-WATER, GROUNDWATER, AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE-WATER EFFLUENTS - COLLABORATIVE STUDY SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A collaborative study was conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) on an ion chromatographic method for the determination of hexavalent chromium (U.S. EPA method 218.6, and the ASTM equivalent method). This study was designed to determine the mean recovery and precision of analyses for hexavalent chromium in reagent water, drinking water, groundwater, and industrial wastewaters. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative studies of analytical methods. The test waters were spiked with hexavalent chromium at 8 concentration levels, prepared as 4 Youden pairs. A fifth Youden concentration pair was also included to determine method performance close to the method detection limit. Twenty-one laboratories were instructed to filter their test waters through a 0.45 mum filter and to adjust the pH of the filtrate to 9-9.5 with an ammonium sulfate/ammonium hydroxide buffer solution before spiking with the hexavalent chromium concentrates. A known volume, 50-250 muL, was injected into an ion chromatograph which separated the Cr(VI), as CrO4(2-), on an anion exchange column. After separation, the Cr(VI) was derivatized with diphenylcarbazide and the colored complex was detected at 530 nm. The submitted data were corrected for background concentrations and analyzed by applying ASTM D-2777-86 statistical procedures and a U.S. EPA computer program. U.S. EPA method 218.6 and the equivalent ASTM method were judged acceptable for the measurement of hexavalent chromium concentrations at 1-1000 mug Cr(VI)/L. The study found that the use of a single linear calibration extending over 3 orders of magnitude yielded biased results at the very lowest concentration levels. Shorter range calibration curves yielded more accurate results. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests indicated that method performance was significantly different between the reagent water matrix and the other matrixes used. The recovery of Cr(VI) from the other matrixes was lower at all concentration levels with slightly less precision when compared with the reagent water data set. For reagent water, the mean recovery and the overall and single-analyst relative standard deviations were 105%, 7.8% and 3.9%, respectively. For the other matrixes, the same values were 96.7%, 11.9% and 6.3%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. C1 US EPA,CINCINNATI,OH 45268. DIONEX CHEM CORP,SUNNYVALE,CA 94086. TECHNOL APPLICAT INC,CINCINNATI,OH. AMER ELECT POWER CO,COLUMBUS,OH. SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECT CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92112. WASTE MANAGEMENT INC,GENEVA,IL. DUPONT CO INC,NEWARK,DE. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. WATERS,MILFORD,MA. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL. W COAST ANALYT SERV,SANTA FE SPRINGS,CA. ENSECO RMAL,ARVADA,CO. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,BERKELEY,CA 94704. DOFASCO LTD,HAMILTON,ON,CANADA. RADIAN CORP,AUSTIN,TX. TENNESSEE EASTMAN CO,KINGSTON,TX. TRAVELERS INSURANCE CO,HARTFORD,CT. CITY SAN JOSE WPCP,SAN JOSE,CA. DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES,HARRISBURG,PA. MANVILLE,LITTLETON,CO. CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT CO,NEW HILL,NC. MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO. RP EDGELL, KW (reprint author), BIONET CORP,16 TRIANGLE PK DR,CINCINNATI,OH 45246, USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 77 IS 4 BP 994 EP 1004 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA NY376 UT WOS:A1994NY37600040 ER PT J AU MORTVEDT, JJ AF MORTVEDT, JJ TI PLANT AND SOIL RELATIONSHIPS OF URANIUM AND THORIUM DECAY SERIES RADIONUCLIDES - A REVIEW SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Symposium on Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Agricultural Products CY JAN 24-25, 1991 CL ORLANDO, FL SP UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, FLORIDA INST PHOSPHATE RES, AMER SOC SURFACE MIN & RECLAMAT, FLORIDA CHAPTER HLTH PHYS SOC, MINED LANDS AGR RES, DEMONSTRAT PROJECT, SAVANNAH RIVER ECOLOGY LAB, SOIL SCI SOC AMER, SO REG TECH RECLAMAT COMM S-245 ID CONCENTRATION RATIOS; NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES; CLAY TAILINGS; CROPS; PHOSPHATE; PB-210; ACCUMULATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PO-210; RA-226 AB The behavior of radionuclides of the uranium (U) and thorium (Th) decay series in terrestrial systems is of interest because of environmental effects of mining and disposal activities related to nuclear power plant fuels. The soil-plant relationships of U, Th, and polonium (Po), and some other daughter radionuclides, notably radium (Ra-226), are not well understood. Most studies have been concerned with relative uptake of these radionuclides by various plant species. Plant concentrations have been related to total contents of these radionuclides in the soil as a plant/soil concentration ratio (CR), even though the fraction of these radionuclides, which may be available to plants, is not well known. These CR values have been used to predict transport of radionuclides and other elements of interest through the food chain as well as for other purposes, including biogeochemical exploration for U. Little information is available on uptake and transport mechanisms of radionuclides in plants. However, the mechanisms relating to Ca uptake and translocation in plants may be similar to those of some radionuclides, especially Ra-226. Soil chemical reactions of these radionuclides also have not been studied as well as those of plant nutrients, although knowledge of the effects of soil pH, soil texture, and organic matter content on uptake, as well as mobility in soil of these radionuclides, has been gained in recent years. C1 TVA,NATL FERTILIZER & ENVIRON RES CTR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. NR 45 TC 100 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JUL-AUG PY 1994 VL 23 IS 4 BP 643 EP 650 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA NW830 UT WOS:A1994NW83000003 ER EF