FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Oleas, NH Meerow, AW Francisco-Ortega, J AF Oleas, Nora H. Meerow, Alan W. Francisco-Ortega, Javier TI Eight microsatellite loci in Phaedranassa schizantha Baker (Amaryllidaceae) and cross-amplification in other Phaedranassa species SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite primers; Phaedranassa schizantha; Ecuador; Amaryllidaceae; Andes; Endangered species; Conservation; Population genetics AB Phaedranassa schizantha is a species endemic to Ecuador from which eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library. A total of 31 alleles with an average of four alleles per locus were detected across 29 individuals from a single natural population of P. schizantha. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.68. Most of the eight loci were successfully amplified in six Phaedranassa species. Five of those species are either "Vulnerable" or "Endangered" under IUCN criteria. These loci will be used to investigate patterns of inter- and intraspecific variation of Phaedranassa species, which will contribute data relevant to their conservation status. C1 [Meerow, Alan W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Oleas, Nora H.; Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Francisco-Ortega, Javier] Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, Miami, FL 33156 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov RI Oleas, Nora/D-3869-2013; OI Oleas, Nora/0000-0002-1948-4119 FU NSF [DEB 0129179] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from NSF Grant DEB 0129179 to AWM. We also want to acknowledge Dr. David Kuhn, Kyoko Nakamura and plant science technicians at USDA-ARS Miami for methodological assistance. We also thank to Herbario QCA and Ministerio del Medio Ambiente of Ecuador for collection and export permits. This is contribution 161 to the Tropical Biology Program of Florida International University. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1887 EP 1889 DI 10.1007/s10592-009-9846-8 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 527NP UT WOS:000272374100039 ER PT J AU Trujillo, RG Amelon, SK AF Trujillo, Robert G. Amelon, Sybill K. TI Development of microsatellite markers in Myotis sodalis and cross-species amplification in M. gricescens, M. leibii, M. lucifugus, and M. septentrionalis SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellite markers; Myotis gricescens; Myotis leibii; Myotis lucifugus; Myotis septentrionalis; Myotis sodalis AB The Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) is a highly endangered vespertilionid bat whose distribution is associated with limestone caves in the eastern United States. We present nine new polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for Myotis sodalis developed using an enriched library method. A total of 62 M. sodalis from two populations were used to estimate genetic diversity parameters. In M. sodalis, the number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from 17 to 48 alleles and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.894 to 0.973. The 9 microsatellite markers were also tested on M. gricescens, M. leibii, M. lucifugus, and M. septentrionalis. These polymorphic microsatellite markers provide a valuable tool for investigating the population genetics of these species and will provide important genetic data useful for the conservation and recovery of the endangered Indiana bat. C1 [Trujillo, Robert G.; Amelon, Sybill K.] Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Trujillo, RG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM rgtrujillo@fs.fed.us OI Amelon, Sybill/0000-0003-3940-8153 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1965 EP 1968 DI 10.1007/s10592-009-9869-1 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 527NP UT WOS:000272374100057 ER PT J AU Schelhas, J Pfeffer, MJ AF Schelhas, John Pfeffer, Max J. TI When global environmentalism meets local livelihoods: policy and management lessons SO CONSERVATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Environmental values; Central America; national parks; parks and people; forest conservation ID CONSERVATION; PARK AB Creation of national parks often imposes immediate livelihood costs on local people, and tensions between park managers and local people are common. Park managers have tried different approaches to managing relationships with local people, but nearly all include efforts to promote environmental values and behaviors. These efforts have had uneven results, and there is a need to improve our understanding of how environmental values develop, change, and influence behavior. We investigated this question in a study of communities in and adjacent to national parks in Costa Rica and Honduras, using a mental and cultural model approach. We found local people to be fluent in global environmental values, but some common values had limited impact on behavior due to conflicts with livelihood needs. However, new environmental values that integrated conservation and livelihood needs had developed that had a more direct relationship to behavior. We propose a general model of how local environmental values develop in the context of global environmentalism that can be used to guide outreach programs with park neighbors. C1 [Schelhas, John] Tuskegee Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. [Pfeffer, Max J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Dev Sociol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schelhas, J (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. EM jschelhas@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [SBR-9613493] FX Research was funded by the National Science Foundation Grant #SBR-9613493, "Policy, Norms and Values in Forest Conservation: Protected Area Buffer Zone Management in Central America." NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-263X J9 CONSERV LETT JI Conserv. Lett. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 6 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2009.00079.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 616QL UT WOS:000279223800005 ER PT J AU Fioretto, J Ronchi, C Ferreira, A Campos, F Kurokawa, C Carpi, M Moraes, M Bonatto, R Defaveri, J Yeum, KJ Mayer, J AF Fioretto, Jose Ronchi, Carlos Ferreira, Ana Campos, Fabio Kurokawa, Cilmery Carpi, Mario Moraes, Matcos Bonatto, Rossano Defaveri, Julio Yeum, Kyung-Jin Mayer, Jean TI HIGH-FREQUENCY OSCILLATORY VENTILATION ATTENUATES OXIDATIVE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL LUNG INJURY IN A SALINE-LAVAGED RABBIT MODEL OF ARDS SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 39th Critical Care Congress of the Society-of-Critical-Care-Medicine CY JAN 09-13, 2010 CL Miami, FL SP Soc Critical Care Med, Pfizer Inc, Hospira Inc, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins C1 [Fioretto, Jose; Ronchi, Carlos; Ferreira, Ana; Campos, Fabio; Kurokawa, Cilmery; Carpi, Mario; Moraes, Matcos; Bonatto, Rossano; Defaveri, Julio] UNESP, Botucatu Med Sch, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Yeum, Kyung-Jin; Mayer, Jean] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Kurokawa, Cilmery /C-2851-2012 OI Kurokawa, Cilmery /0000-0003-1380-7527 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 SU S MA 359 BP A170 EP A170 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 529IS UT WOS:000272509900326 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Gassmann, AJ Bernal, J Duan, JJ Ruberson, J AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Gassmann, Aaron J. Bernal, Julio Duan, Jian J. Ruberson, John TI Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Review DE Bt crops; Ecological services; Entomopathogens; Glyphosate; Herbicide-tolerant crops; Parasitoids; Predators; Roundup; Transgenic crops ID PREDATOR CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA LEPIDOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS CORN; HERBICIDE-TOLERANT CROPS; TRANSGENIC BT COTTON; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS HETEROPTERA; COTESIA-FLAVIPES HYMENOPTERA; GROUND-DWELLING ARTHROPODS; NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS AB Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops pervade many modern cropping systems (especially field-cropping systems), and present challenges and opportunities for developing biologically based pest-management programs. Interactions between biological control agents (insect predators, parasitoids, and pathogens) and GM crops exceed simple toxicological relationships, a priority for assessing risk of GM crops to non-target species. To determine the compatibility of biological control and insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crop traits within integrated pest-management programs, this synthesis prioritizes understanding the bi-trophic and prey/host-mediated ecological pathways through which natural enemies interact within cropland communities, and how GM crops alter the agroecosystems in which natural enemies live. insect-resistant crops can affect the quantity and quality of non-prey foods for natural enemies, as well as the availability and quality of both target and non-target pests that serve as prey/hosts. When they are used to locally eradicate weeds, herbicide-tolerant crops alter the agricultural landscape by reducing or changing the remaining vegetational diversity. This vegetational diversity is fundamental to biological control when it serves as a source of habitat and nutritional resources. Some inherent qualities of both biological control and GM crops provide opportunities to improve upon sustainable IPM systems. For example, biological control agents may delay the evolution of pest resistance to GM crops, and suppress outbreaks of secondary pests not targeted by GM plants, while herbicide-tolerant crops facilitate within-field management of vegetational diversity that can enhance the efficacy of biological control agents. By examining the ecological compatibility of biological control and GM crops, and employing them within an IPM framework, the sustainability and profitability of farming may be improved. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Gassmann, Aaron J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA USA. [Bernal, Julio] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Duan, Jian J.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, Newark, DE USA. [Ruberson, John] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Tifton, GA USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM jonathan.lundgren@ars.usda.gov OI Ruberson, John/0000-0002-4475-8177 NR 228 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 11 U2 122 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1017 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.06.001 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 517JS UT WOS:000271610100001 ER PT J AU Ko, HS Jin, RD Krishnan, HB Lee, SB Kim, KY AF Ko, Hyun-Sun Jin, Rong-De Krishnan, Hari B. Lee, Sang-Bog Kim, Kil-Yong TI Biocontrol Ability of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 Against Phytophthora Blight Is Mediated by the Production of 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid and Several Lytic Enzymes SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PR PROTEINS; BELL PEPPER; DAMPING-OFF; PLANTS; ROOT; RESISTANCE; BETA-1,3-GLUCANASE; COLONIZATION; EXPRESSION AB Several rhizobacteria play a vital role in plant protection, plant growth promotion and the improvement of soil health. In this study, we have isolated a strain of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 from rhizosphere and demonstrate its antifungal activity against various pathogens including Phytophthora capsici, a destructive pathogen of pepper plants. L. antibioticus HS124 produced lytic enzymes such as chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, lipase, protease, and an antibiotic compound. This antibiotic compound was purified by diaion HP-20, silica gel, sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified compound was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by gas chromatography-electron ionization (GC-EI) and gas chromatography-chemical ionization (GC-CI) mass spectrometry. This antibiotic exhibited destructive activity toward P. capsici hyphae. In vivo experiments utilizing green house grown pepper plants demonstrated the protective effect of L. antibioticus HS124 against P. capsici. The growth of pepper plants treated with L. antibioticus culture was enhanced, resulting in greater protection from fungal disease. Optimum growth and protection was found when cultures were grown in presence of Fe(III). Additionally, the activities of pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase decreased in roots, but increased in leaves with time after treatment compared to controls. Our results demonstrate L. antibioticus HS124 as a promising candidate for biocontrol of P. capsici in pepper plants. C1 [Ko, Hyun-Sun; Kim, Kil-Yong] Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. [Jin, Rong-De] Jilin Acad Agr Sci, Changchun 130033, Peoples R China. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, Sang-Bog] RDA, NICS, Dept Rice & Winter Cereal Crop, Iksan 570080, South Korea. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Agr Sci & Technol, Div Appl Biosci & Biotechnol, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. EM kimkil@jnu.ac.kr NR 30 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 6 BP 608 EP 615 DI 10.1007/s00284-009-9481-0 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 521LJ UT WOS:000271922600006 PM 19727949 ER PT J AU Kannan, P Dharne, M Smith, A Karns, J Bhagwat, AA AF Kannan, Porteen Dharne, Mahesh Smith, Allen Karns, Jeffrey Bhagwat, Arvind A. TI Motility Revertants of opgGH Mutants of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Remain Defective in Mice Virulence SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE-DERIVED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; OSMOREGULATED PERIPLASMIC GLUCANS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PHOSPHORELAY SYSTEM; RCS PHOSPHORELAY; OSMOTIC REGULATION; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; INACTIVATION; ACTIVATION AB We recently demonstrated that osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are required for optimal mouse virulence. However, lack of OPGs also generated pleiotropic phenotypes such as reduced motility and slower growth rate under hypoosmotic growth conditions. Whether the observed suboptimal virulence of opg mutants was due to reduced motility was investigated by isolating fully motile revertants of opgGH mutants. Motility revertants remained defective in OPGs synthesis and restitution of motility did not restore mouse virulence. In Escherichia coli, inactivation of rcsB, rcsD, and rcsF lead to restoration of motility in opg mutants, while in Salmonella strains, inactivation of the Rcs pathway is known to attenuate virulence. DNA sequence analysis revealed that except for two silent mutations no other changes in the DNA sequences of Rcs pathway genes were detected in the motility-revertant strain. Moreover, transcripts of all the Rcs phosphorelay pathway genes were detected in opgGH mutants and revertant strain. The data suggest that Salmonella may have distinctive regulatory elements in addition to Rcs phosphorelay genes to rescue motility of opg mutants and affecting also mouse virulence. C1 [Kannan, Porteen; Dharne, Mahesh; Karns, Jeffrey; Bhagwat, Arvind A.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Allen] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM arvind.bhagwat@ars.usda.gov RI Dharne, Mahesh/K-3541-2012; OI Kannan, Porteen/0000-0002-6925-328X NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 6 BP 641 EP 645 DI 10.1007/s00284-009-9486-8 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 521LJ UT WOS:000271922600011 PM 19727946 ER PT J AU Mundt, CC Sackett, KE Wallace, LD Cowger, C Dudley, JP AF Mundt, Christopher C. Sackett, Kathryn E. Wallace, LaRae D. Cowger, Christina Dudley, Joseph P. TI Aerial Dispersal and Multiple-Scale Spread of Epidemic Disease SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE avian influenza H5N1; epidemiology; invasive species; long-distance dispersal (LDD); plant disease; West Nile virus (WNV) ID PLANT-DISEASE; TRAVELING-WAVES; PATHOGENS; VELOCITY; MODELS; BIRDS; RUST; RISK AB Disease spread has traditionally been described as a traveling wave of constant velocity. However, aerially dispersed pathogens capable of long-distance dispersal often have dispersal gradients with extended tails that could result in acceleration of the epidemic front. We evaluated empirical data with a simple model of disease spread that incorporates logistic growth in time with an inverse power function for dispersal. The scale invariance of the power law dispersal function implies its applicability at any spatial scale; indeed, the model successfully described epidemics ranging over six orders of magnitude, from experimental field plots to continental-scale epidemics of both plant and animal diseases. The distance traveled by epidemic fronts approximately doubled per unit time, velocity increased linearly with distance (slope similar to A1/2), and the exponent of the inverse power law was approximately 2. We found that it also may be possible to scale epidemics to account for initial outbreak focus size and the frequency of susceptible hosts. These relationships improve understanding of the geographic spread of emerging diseases, and facilitate the development of methods for predicting and preventing epidemics of plants, animals, and humans caused by pathogens that are capable of long-distance dispersal. C1 [Mundt, Christopher C.; Sackett, Kathryn E.; Wallace, LaRae D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cowger, Christina] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dudley, Joseph P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Dudley, Joseph P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Earth Sci, Univ Alaska Museum, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Mundt, CC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mundtc@science.oregonstate.edu FU NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program [052756] FX This work was supported by award 052756 from the NSF/NIH Ecology of Infectious Diseases Program. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2009 VL 6 IS 4 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1007/s10393-009-0251-z PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 627VM UT WOS:000280071700008 PM 20155301 ER PT J AU Steiner, JL Sadler, EJ Hatfield, JL Wilson, G James, D Vandenberg, B Ross, JD Oster, T Cole, K AF Steiner, Jean L. Sadler, E. John Hatfield, Jerry L. Wilson, Greg James, David Vandenberg, Bruce Ross, John D. Oster, Teri Cole, Kevin TI Data management to enhance long-term watershed research capacity: context and STEWARDS case study SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE informatics; database; hydrology; agroecosystems; open source data; STEWARDS; CEAP ID INFORMATION-SYSTEM; MODEL; CHALLENGES; NETWORK AB Water resources are under pressure globally due to growing population, human migration into and regions, and diverse competing needs. In recent decades, progress in the study of information (informatics) and its manipulation via computer-based tools has stimulated development of data systems in many natural resources disciplines. Such informatics systems provide data storage, access, visualization, perhaps with analysis/modelling tools, and download capacity. Application of database technology can overcome problems of fragmentation, inadequate documentation, and cumbersome manipulation of complex data. Data management was a critical requirement for USDA's Conservation Effects Assessment project (CEAP) which was established to quantify environmental effects of agricultural conservation practices. Although USDA and the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) have conducted watershed research since early 20th century, the data have been managed and disseminated independently from each research location, reducing accessibility and utility of these data for policy-relevant, multi-site analyses. To address these concerns, STEWARDS (Sustaining the Earth's Watersheds-Agricultural Research Data System) was developed to compile, document, and provide access to data from loosely Coupled research watersheds. The STEWARDS case study is used to illustrate the role of data management in enhancing ecohydrological research and evolving information technologies available to improve data management from complex ecohydrologic studies. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Steiner, Jean L.; Ross, John D.] ARS, USDA, El Reno, OK USA. [Sadler, E. John; Oster, Teri] ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.; James, David; Cole, Kevin] ARS, USDA, NSTL, Ames, IA USA. [Wilson, Greg] ARS, USDA, OIRP, Beltsville, MD USA. [Vandenberg, Bruce] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Steiner, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, El Reno, OK USA. EM jean.steiner@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 391 EP 398 DI 10.1002/eco.89 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 539XR UT WOS:000273293100001 ER PT J AU Rypel, AL Bayne, DR AF Rypel, Andrew L. Bayne, David R. TI Hydrologic habitat preferences of select southeastern USA fishes resilient to river ecosystem fragmentation SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; dams; flow; food web; predation; production; species requirements; water reallocation ID BAHAMIAN TIDAL CREEKS; FRESH-WATER MUSSELS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LARGEMOUTH BASS; DAM REMOVAL; ATLANTIC SALMON; FLOW MANAGEMENT; BROWN TROUT; GROWTH; ALABAMA AB Large-scale habitat preferences of riverine taxa are not always revealed by examining community data. Here, we show how lipid and growth can be used to evaluate hydrologic habitat preferences of fishes resilient to river fragmentation (i.e. species that can tolerate river fragmentation by dams, but not collapse). Lipid content was examined for seven fishes in a major southeastern USA reservoir and its largest lotic tributary over the 5 years. Controlling for effects of sex, size and year of collection, largemouth bass, spotted bass and black crappie had significantly higher lipid in lentic habitat. Conversely, channel catfish and freshwater drum had significantly higher lipid in lotic habitat. There were no significant differences in lipid of bluegill and blacktail shiner between hydrologic habitat types. Fish growth produced concordant results as largemouth bass and spotted bass had significantly faster growth in lentic habitat, whereas channel catfish and freshwater drum had significantly faster growth in lotic habitat. We were also able to document a synchronous spike in lipids of these species in both habitat types during a major drought. We surmise that the spike was driven by enhanced primary production, predator-prey concentration and possibly also reduced reproduction during intense drought. Two conclusions are drawn from this study as a whole. First, long-term lipid and growth observations hold promise for evaluating ecological effects of droughts over long time spans. Second, population characteristics are excellent indicators of habitat preferences and could be used more broadly to elucidate how organisms react to river ecosystem fragmentation and restoration initiatives. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Soils, Ltd. C1 [Rypel, Andrew L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, USDA, US Forest Serv,Stream Hydrol Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Bayne, David R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Rypel, AL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, USDA, US Forest Serv,Stream Hydrol Lab, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM andrewrypel@yahoo.com FU Monsanto-Solutia Inc FX This research was supported by Monsanto-Solutia Inc. The authors thank numerous colleagues for their contributions, especially, Justin Mitchell, Eric Reutebuch, Wendy Seesock, Gina Loguidice, Michael Len, Karen Herrington, John Woodfin and Daniel Smith for field and laboratory assistance. Debra M. McCallum, Institute for Social Science Research at University of Alabama. contributed to the development of the statistical approach used in this study, but we take ultimate responsibility for our experimental design and choice of statistical analyses. Kirk O. Winemiller and Robert H. Findlay provided constructive comments on the general approach. Craig A. Layman, D. Albrey Arrington, Fred Utter and an anonymous reviewer commented on earlier iterations of this manuscript. NR 84 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1936-0584 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 4 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1002/eco.66 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 539XR UT WOS:000273293100004 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG Ellsbury, ME Prischmann, DA AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. Ellsbury, Michael E. Prischmann, Deirdre A. TI Analysis of the predator community of a subterranean herbivorous insect based on polymerase chain reaction SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biological control; Diabrotica virgifera; DNA analysis; feeding guilds; generalist predators; gut content analysis; predator conservation; qPCR; western corn rootworm ID WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM; GUT-CONTENT-ANALYSIS; DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; SOIL FOOD-WEB; PITFALL TRAPS; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; GENERALIST PREDATORS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MOLECULAR MARKERS AB The identity and impact of trophic linkages within subterranean arthropod communities are challenging to establish, a fact that hinders the development of conservation biological control programs of subterranean herbivores. Diabrotica virgifera (the western corn rootworm) is a severe agricultural pest that lives subterraneously during its pre-imaginal stages and succumbs to high levels of pre-imaginal mortality from unknown agents. The guts of 1500 field-collected arthropod predators were analyzed for D. virgifera-specific DNA sequences using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). These gut analyses were used to generate relative and taxon-specific prey consumption indices for the major predator taxa and to determine relative consumption levels during D. virgifera egg and larval stages by predator feeding guilds. Laboratory feeding assays were used to determine the meal size consumed during 5 min and digestion rates of D. virgifera DNA of four predators abundant in D. virgifera-infested cornfields. More than 17 taxa consumed D. virgifera in the field. Harvestmen and small rove beetles were the most abundant predators captured, and the most frequent predators within the community to consume D. virgifera. The largest proportions of individual species' populations testing positive for D. virgifera DNA were found in ground beetles (Scarites quadriceps and Poecilus chalcites) and spiders, wolf spiders, and predaceous mites. Because of the longer duration of the egg stage, significantly more predators consumed D. virgifera eggs than larvae, but a similar proportion of the predator community fed on eggs and larvae. Predators with sucking mouthparts had a higher consumption index than chewing predators. Laboratory assays confirmed that sucking predators consume more D. virgifera DNA during 5 min than the chewing predators, and all four predators digested this DNA at a similar rate. This research substantiates that a diverse community of soil-dwelling and subterranean predators contribute to the high level of mortality incurred by D. virgifera in cornfields (similar to 99% pre-adult mortality). Moreover, qPCR is a useful tool for describing trophic relationships within subterranean food webs, a crucial step in determining the relative contributions of a diverse predator community to the population dynamics of an herbivorous arthropod. C1 [Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Ellsbury, Michael E.; Prischmann, Deirdre A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 69 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 38 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2157 EP 2166 DI 10.1890/08-1882.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 520UI UT WOS:000271874300015 PM 20014585 ER PT J AU Adler, PR Sanderson, MA Weimer, PJ Vogel, KP AF Adler, Paul R. Sanderson, Matt A. Weimer, Paul J. Vogel, Kenneth P. TI Plant species composition and biofuel yields of conservation grasslands SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; biofuel; C(4) grass; conservation reserve program; CRP; ethanol; grasslands; plant diversity; species richness; switchgrass; warm-season grass ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SWITCHGRASS; BIOMASS; PRODUCTIVITY; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES; RICHNESS; HISTORY; CARBON AB Marginal croplands, such as those in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), have been suggested as a source of biomass for biofuel production. However, little is known about the composition of plant species on these conservation grasslands or their potential for ethanol production. Our objective was to assess the potential of CRP and other conservation grasslands for biofuel production, describing the relationships of plant species richness and tall native C(4) prairie grass abundance with plant chemical composition and the resulting potential ethanol yield. We determined plant species composition and diversity at multiple scales with the modified Whittaker plot technique, aboveground biomass, plant chemical composition, and potential ethanol yield at 34 sites across the major ecological regions of the northeastern USA. Conservation grasslands with higher numbers of plant species had lower biomass yields and a lower ethanol yield per unit biomass compared with sites with fewer species. Thus, biofuel yield per unit land area decreased by 77% as plant species richness increased from 3 to 12.8 species per m(2). We found that, as tall native C(4) prairie grass abundance increased from 1.7% to 81.6%, the number of plant species decreased and aboveground biomass per unit land area and ethanol yield per unit biomass increased resulting in a 500% increased biofuel yield per unit land area. Plant species richness and composition are key determinants of biomass and ethanol yields from conservation grasslands and have implications for low-input high-diversity systems. Designing systems to include a large proportion of species with undesirable fermentation characteristics could reduce ethanol yields. C1 [Adler, Paul R.; Sanderson, Matt A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Weimer, Paul J.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Vogel, Kenneth P.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Adler, PR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM paul.adler@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 48 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 BP 2202 EP 2209 DI 10.1890/07-2094.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 520UI UT WOS:000271874300018 PM 20014588 ER PT J AU Shields, FD AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. TI Do we know enough about controlling sediment to mitigate damage to stream ecosystems? SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Stream restoration; Suspended sediment; Grade control; Sediment yield; Trend detection; Assessment; Monitoring; Channel incision ID RIVER RESTORATION; CHANNEL EVOLUTION; REHABILITATION; TRANSPORT; PROJECTS; IMPACTS; EROSION; CREEK; COVER; MODEL AB Stream and river ecosystems have suffered extensive degradation, and billions are expended annually on restoration efforts. However, few of these projects are monitored, and restoration effectiveness is often unknown. Consequently, there is a poor scientific foundation for restoration designs. Since many stream restoration efforts are at least partially targeted at controlling erosion of channel banks and beds, the effects of a large-scale, long-term stream erosion control effort in six Mississippi watersheds was assessed using 10-16 years of suspended sediment and water discharge records. Flow-adjusted suspended sediment concentrations showed no trends in five of the watersheds and a slight downward trend in one watershed, which was treated with small reservoirs as well as bed and bank erosion protection. Results indicate the inability of orthodox stream management structures (weirs and bank protection) to reduce watershed sediment yield and the need for a stronger scientific basis for stream restoration. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM doug.shields@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1727 EP 1733 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.07.004 PG 7 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 531RK UT WOS:000272685300006 ER PT J AU Li, L Miller, DR Sun, JH AF Li, Li Miller, Daniel R. Sun, Jianghua TI The influence of prior experience on preference and performance of a cryptoparasitoid Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) on beetle hosts SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Behavioural plasticity; bethylidae; host-parasite interactions; host selection; optimality theory; preference-performance correlations; prior experience ID SELECTION PRINCIPLE; BEHAVIOR; DROSOPHILA; LARVAL; PLANT; COLEOPTERA; CUES AB 1. Numerous studies have reported the effects of learning or experience on parasitoid host preference and location. However, the integration of pre-imaginal and adult experiences on the subsequent host preference and adult/offspring performance has been rarely tested in host-parasite interactions. 2. We present direct evidence that theses two kinds of experiences affect host preference and related fitness in the polyphagous parasitoid, Scleroderma guani. Two colonies of parasitoids were reared on Monochamus alternatus and Saperda populnea (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). Individuals from the two colonies were given host-switching experience for one generation (pre-imaginal experience) while other individuals were given prior ovipositing experience on the two species, respectively (adult experience). 3. Scleroderma guani females demonstrated that their experiences determined adult behavioural responses and their subsequent performance to hosts. Females maximised both adult fitness (fecundity and longevity) and offspring fitness (survival and sex ratio) when they encountered hosts similar to their maternal hosts. Behavioural plasticity in host choice was affected by adult experience, resulting in improved adult feeding and ovipositing behaviour and further modifying adult fecundity and the offspring sex ratio. There was a positive correlation between oviposition preference and adult fecundity. 4. The results indicated that S. guani exhibited positive preference-performance correlations. This is most likely due to an adaptation to maternal hosts over multiple generations. However, foraging potential of adults to available cues from hosts may be driven quickly by an experience-induced learning process rather than by natural selection processes shaped over many generations. C1 [Li, Li; Sun, Jianghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Li] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Miller, Daniel R.] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, 1 Beichen W Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30730074, 30621003]; CAS Knowledge Innovation Program [KSCX2YWN006] FX We sincerely thank Drs Wei Wei and Liu Zhudong (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Thanks are also extended to Mr Jiang Ping (Director of Forest Bureau, Hangzhou) and Mr Liang Hongzhu (Engineer of Xishan Forest Factory, Beijing) for their assistance during experiments. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30730074 and 30621003) and the CAS Knowledge Innovation Program KSCX2YWN006. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 6 BP 725 EP 734 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2009.01120.x PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515TL UT WOS:000271495700008 ER PT J AU Niogret, J Sait, SM Rohani, P AF Niogret, J. Sait, S. M. Rohani, P. TI Parasitism and constitutive defence costs to host life-history traits in a parasitoid-host interaction SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Developmental time; growth; parasitism; Plodia interpunctella; resistance; selected populations; Venturia canescens ID INDIAN MEAL MOTH; LARVAL COMPETITIVE ABILITY; WASP VENTURIA-CANESCENS; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PLODIA-INTERPUNCTELLA; TRADE-OFF; HYPOSOTER-EXIGUAE; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; RELATIVE FITNESS AB 1. The level of an organism's investment in defences against natural enemies depends on the fitness costs of resisting parasitism and on the costs of maintaining defences in the absence of infection. Heritable variation in resistance suggests that costs exist, but very little is known about the nature or magnitude of these costs in natural populations of animals. 2. A powerful technique for identifying trade-offs between fitness components is the study of correlated responses to artificial selection. We selected for increased resistance in the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, following parasitism by the koinobiont parasitoid, Venturia canescens, and measured the cost of resistance to parasitism and the cost of maintaining resistance in the absence of immune challenge during the next generation. 3. Parasitism decreased larval host size, growth, and developmental time and was significantly negatively correlated with the size of surviving host adults. Larvae of the next generation also had a reduced developmental period, whilst the duration of the invulnerable pupal instar was increased. There was no effect on host adult size and related fecundity in the F(1) generation. C1 [Niogret, J.; Rohani, P.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Sait, S. M.] Univ Leeds, Fac Biol Sci, Inst Integrat & Comparat Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Niogret, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM jeromeniogret@yahoo.fr NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 106 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 6 BP 763 EP 771 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2009.01131.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515TL UT WOS:000271495700013 ER PT J AU Rypel, AL AF Rypel, Andrew L. TI Climate-growth relationships for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) across three southeastern USA states SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE biochronology; climate change; dendrochronology; drought; growth increment; sclerochronology; river ecology; reservoirs ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LIVED BIVALVE MOLLUSK; UNITED-STATES; DROUGHT; FISH; LAKES; TEMPERATURE; OTOLITHS; PACIFIC; IMPACTS AB The role of climate variability in the ecology of freshwater fishes is of increasing interest. However, there are relatively few tools available for examining how freshwater fish populations respond to climate variations. Here, I apply tree-ring techniques to incremental growth patterns in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepede) otoliths to explore relationships between annual bass growth and various climate metrics in the southeastern USA. Among six rivers and seven reservoirs in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, strong correlations between annual bass growth indices and climate were detected (73 of 96 possible correlations were significant at alpha < 0.05). All but two ecosystems exhibited the following pattern: annual bass growth was significantly negatively correlated with annual precipitation metrics, and significantly positively correlated with annual temperature metrics. Based on multiple regressions, climate, on average, accounted for similar to 50% of variability (R-2) in bass growth, although these values ranged from 28% to 65% depending on the ecosystem. Furthermore, every population showed significant correlations with at least one of the following global climate factors: El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Largemouth bass growth in the southeast is apparently influenced by climate in major ways. Fish ecologists and managers in the region should be aware of the strong links between annual climate conditions and annual fish growth. C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, US Forest Serv, Stream Hydrol Lab,USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Rypel, AL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Dept Biol, US Forest Serv, Stream Hydrol Lab,USDA, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM andrewrypel@yahoo.com FU USDA Forest Service post-doctoral fellowship; Georgia Department of Natural Resources; Alabama Academy of Science; University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences; University of Mississippi, Biology Department FX I thank J. Hakala, C. Martin, D. Harrison, T. Barrett, K. Pounds, B. Price, B. O'Sheilds, B. Comeens, S. Kone, S. Cusak, R. Findlay, and J. Rypel for field and laboratory assistance in obtaining and processing samples. The author was financially supported by a USDA Forest Service post-doctoral fellowship. Other portions of the research were funded by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, an Alabama Academy of Science grant, and the University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences and the University of Mississippi, Biology Department. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 620 EP 628 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00379.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 517QE UT WOS:000271631000014 ER PT J AU Meigs, GW Donato, DC Campbell, JL Martin, JG Law, BE AF Meigs, Garrett W. Donato, Daniel C. Campbell, John L. Martin, Jonathan G. Law, Beverly E. TI Forest Fire Impacts on Carbon Uptake, Storage, and Emission: The Role of Burn Severity in the Eastern Cascades, Oregon SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon balance; Cascade Range; disturbance; fire emissions; heterotrophic respiration; mixed-severity fire regime; net ecosystem production; net primary productivity; Pinus ponderosa; wildfire ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA INDEX; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; CONIFEROUS FOREST; SIERRA-NEVADA; ECOSYSTEM; WILDFIRE; DYNAMICS AB This study quantifies the short-term effects of low-, moderate-, and high-severity fire on carbon pools and fluxes in the Eastern Cascades of Oregon. We surveyed 64 forest stands across four fires that burned 41,000 ha (35%) of the Metolius Watershed in 2002 and 2003, stratifying the landscape by burn severity (overstory tree mortality), forest type (ponderosa pine [PP] and mixed-conifer [MC]), and prefire biomass. Stand-scale C combustion ranged from 13 to 35% of prefire aboveground C pools (area - weighted mean = 22%). Across the sampled landscape, total estimated pyrogenic C emissions were equivalent to 2.5% of statewide anthropogenic CO(2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes for the same 2-year period. From low- to moderate- to high-severity ponderosa pine stands, average tree basal area mortality was 14, 49, and 100%, with parallel patterns in mixed-conifer stands (29, 58, 96%). Despite this decline in live aboveground C, total net primary productivity (NPP) was only 40% lower in high- versus low-severity stands, suggesting strong compensatory effects of non-tree vegetation on C uptake. Dead wood respiratory losses were small relative to total NPP (range: 10-35%), reflecting decomposition lags in this seasonally arid system. Although soil C, soil respiration, and fine root NPP were conserved across severity classes, net ecosystem production (NEP) declined with increasing severity, driven by trends in aboveground NPP. The high variability of C responses across this study underscores the need to account for landscape patterns of burn severity, particularly in regions such as the Pacific Northwest, where non-stand-replacement fire represents a large proportion of annual burned area. C1 [Meigs, Garrett W.; Campbell, John L.; Martin, Jonathan G.; Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Donato, Daniel C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Meigs, GW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM gmeigs@gmail.com RI Martin, Jonathan/G-4558-2010; OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64318]; College of Forestry, Oregon State University FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER64318 and the College of Forestry, Oregon State University. We thank A. Pfleeger, P. Bozarth-Dreher, L. Gupta, R. Gupta, C. Sodemann, and C. Hebel for field and lab assistance. We acknowledge the insightful reviews of W. Cohen, C. Dunn, F. Gonc, alves, C. Hebel, P. Hessburg, J. Meigs, D. Turner, and two anonymous reviewers. M. Huso provided invaluable statistical assistance, and the OSU Central Analytical Laboratory performed thorough, efficient chemical analysis. M. Duane, K. Howell, T. Hudiburg, J. Irvine, R. Kennedy, R. Ottmar, S. Powell, S. Prichard, C. Sierra, C. Thomas, H. Zald, and the OSU Pyro-maniacs assisted with data analysis. G. Fiske and K. Olsen helped with Figure 1 cartography. We thank the Deschutes National Forest for GIS data and access to field sites. NR 88 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 6 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD DEC PY 2009 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1246 EP 1267 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9285-x PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532XE UT WOS:000272782900002 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, M Kapczynski, D Spackman, E Suarez, DL AF Swayne, David E. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Kapczynski, Darrell Spackman, Erica Suarez, David L. TI Susceptibility of Poultry to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID TURKEY BREEDER HENS; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; SWINE; TRANSMISSION; VACCINE C1 [Swayne, David E.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM david.swayne@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2061 EP 2063 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 527HO UT WOS:000272358200039 PM 19961704 ER PT J AU Danilova, OV Tai, AK Mele, DA Beinborn, M Leiter, AB Greenberg, AS Perfield, JW DeFuria, J Singru, PS Lechan, RM Huber, BT AF Danilova, Olga V. Tai, Albert K. Mele, Deanna A. Beinborn, Martin Leiter, Andrew B. Greenberg, Andrew S. Perfield, James W., II DeFuria, Jason Singru, Praful S. Lechan, Ronald M. Huber, Brigitte T. TI Neurogenin 3-Specific Dipeptidyl Peptidase-2 Deficiency Causes Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Visceral Obesity SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; CELL PROLINE DIPEPTIDASE; FOOD-INTAKE; SERINE-PROTEASE; IN-VIVO; MICE; RECEPTOR; BRAIN; IDENTIFICATION; POLYPEPTIDE AB The control of glucose metabolism is a complex process, and dysregulation at any level can cause impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. These two defects are well-known characteristics associated with obesity and onset of type 2 diabetes. Here we introduce the N-terminal dipeptidase, DPP2, as a novel regulator of the glucose metabolism. We generated mice with a neurogenin 3 (NGN3)-specific DPP2 knockdown (kd) to explore a possible role of DPP2 in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. These mice spontaneously developed hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance by 4 months of age. In addition, we observed an increase in food intake in DPP2 kd mice, which was associated with a significant increase in adipose tissue mass and enhanced liver steatosis but no difference in body weight. In accordance with these findings, the mutant mice had a higher rate of respiratory exchange than the control littermates. This phenotype was exacerbated with age and when challenged with a high-fat diet. We report, for the first time, that DPP2 enzyme activity is essential for preventing hyperinsulinemia and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, the phenotype of NGN3-DPP2 kd mice is opposite that of DPP4 knockout mice with regard to glucose metabolism, namely the former have normal glucagon-like peptide 1 levels but present with glucose intolerance, whereas the latter have increased glucagon-like peptide 1, which is accompanied by augmented glucose tolerance. (Endocrinology 150: 5240-5248, 2009) C1 [Danilova, Olga V.; Tai, Albert K.; Mele, Deanna A.; Huber, Brigitte T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Beinborn, Martin] Tufts Univ, Mol Cardiol Res Inst, Mol Pharmacol Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Singru, Praful S.; Lechan, Ronald M.] Tufts Univ, Tupper Res Inst, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Singru, Praful S.; Lechan, Ronald M.] Tufts Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.; Perfield, James W., II; DeFuria, Jason] Tufts Univ, Dept Obes & Metab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Leiter, Andrew B.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Huber, BT (reprint author), 150 Harrison Ave,Jaharis 901D, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM brigitte.huber@tufts.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI043469]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK37021, DK43673, DK50647, R01 DK037021, R01 DK043673, R01 DK050647, R56 DK037021, T32 DK062032] NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 150 IS 12 BP 5240 EP 5248 DI 10.1210/en.2009-0386 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 523AO UT WOS:000272042300008 PM 19819973 ER PT J AU Gallagher, P Lazarus, W Shapouri, H Conway, R Duffield, J AF Gallagher, Paul Lazarus, William Shapouri, Hosein Conway, Roger Duffield, James TI Cancer-risk benefits of clean fuel technology and policy: A statistical analysis SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Clean fuel regulation and technology; Health benefits; Biofuels ID AIR-POLLUTION; LUNG-CANCER AB The hypothesis of this study is that there is a statistical relationship between the lung cancer mortality rate and the intensity of fuel consumption (measured in gallons/square mile) at a particular location. We estimate cross-section regressions of the mortality rate due to lung cancer against the intensity of fuel consumption using local data for the entire US, before the US Clean Air Act (CAA) in 1974 and after the most recent policy revisions in 2004. The cancer rate improvement estimate suggests that up to 10 lung cancer deaths per 100,000 residents are avoided in the largest urban areas with highest fuel consumption per square mile. In New York City, for instance, the mortality reduction may be worth about $5.7 billion annually. Across the US, the estimated value of statistical life (VSL) benefit is $27.2 billion annually. There are likely three inseparable reasons that contributed importantly to this welfare improvement. First, the CAA regulations mandated reduction in specific carcinogenic chemicals or smog components. Second, technologies such as the catalytic converter (CC) and low-particulate diesel engine were adopted. Third, biofuels have had important roles, making the adoption of clean air technology possible and substituting for high emission fuels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gallagher, Paul] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lazarus, William] Univ Minnesota, Appl Econ Dept, St Paul, MN 55455 USA. [Shapouri, Hosein; Conway, Roger; Duffield, James] USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gallagher, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, 481 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM paulg@iastate.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 BP 5113 EP 5124 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.022 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528FD UT WOS:000272426500012 ER PT J AU Becker, DR Skog, K Hellman, A Halvorsen, KE Mace, T AF Becker, Dennis R. Skog, Kenneth Hellman, Allison Halvorsen, Kathleen E. Mace, Terry TI An outlook for sustainable forest bioenergy production in the Lake States SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Bioeconomy; Lake States AB The Lake States region of Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan offers significant potential for bioenergy production. We examine the sustainability of regional forest biomass use in the context of existing thermal heating, electricity, and biofuels production, projected resource needs over the next decade including existing forest product market demand, and impacts on price and feasibility. Assuming $36 per dry tonne at roadside, 4.1 million dry tonnes of forest biomass could be available region-wide. However, less is likely available due to localized environmental and forest cover type constraints, and landowner willingness to harvest timber. Total projected demand of 5.7 million dry tonnes, based on current and announced industry capacity, exceeds estimates of biomass availability, which suggests that anticipated growth in the forest-based bioeconomy may be constrained. Attaining projected demand will likely require a combination of higher cost feedstocks, integration of energy and non-energy uses, and careful management to meet environmental constraints. State distinctions in biomass harvest guidelines and the propensity for third-party forest certification will be critical in providing environmental safeguards. The cumulative effect of policy initiatives on biomass competition are discussed in the context of an emerging Lake States bioeconomy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Becker, Dennis R.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55117 USA. [Skog, Kenneth] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Hellman, Allison; Mace, Terry] Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA. [Halvorsen, Kathleen E.] Michigan Technol Inst, Houghton, MI USA. RP Becker, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, 1530 Cleveland Ave, St Paul, MN 55117 USA. EM drbecker@umn.edu RI Becker, Dennis/E-6249-2017 NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD DEC PY 2009 VL 37 IS 12 BP 5687 EP 5693 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.033 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528FD UT WOS:000272426500066 ER PT J AU Burks, CS Higbee, BS Kuenen, LPS Brandl, DG AF Burks, Charles S. Higbee, Bradley S. Kuenen, L. P. S. Brandl, David G. TI Monitoring Amyelois transitella males and females with phenyl propionate traps in almonds and pistachios SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE navel orangeworm; California; semiochemical; female attractant; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae; glass dispenser; Prunus dulcis; Pistacia vera ID NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PYRALIDAE EGG TRAPS; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; MATING DISRUPTION; APPLE ORCHARDS; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; SEX-PHEROMONE; TORTRICIDAE; ATTRACTANTS AB We examined phenyl propionate as an attractant for trapping navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) adults, with the objective of developing a method of trapping both sexes more effectively than with almond meal. Two initial experiments maximized the total number of adults captured using phenyl propionate released from glass vials with cotton wicks. A third experiment compared the numbers of males and females captured using these glass dispensers in either bucket or sticky traps. The glass vial dispensers captured more adults than 0.1% phenyl propionate in water (as both attractant and killing agent), and far more adults were captured with glass vial phenyl propionate dispensers than with almond meal. On rare occasion, the glass vial dispensers captured as many adults as traps baited with virgin females, but usually phenyl propionate in glass vials captured fewer adults than virgin-baited traps. Glass vial phenyl propionate dispensers were equally effective in sticky traps or bucket traps. The majority of females captured were mated, and the proportion of males captured increased over time within flights (generations). We conclude that phenyl propionate released from glass vials captured A. transitella adults more effectively than currently available options, and will be useful in research projects where capturing intact adults and comparing mating status are important. Developing a cost-effective phenyl propionate-based alternative to the egg traps currently used for commercial monitoring will be more difficult. C1 [Burks, Charles S.; Kuenen, L. P. S.; Brandl, David G.] USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Higbee, Bradley S.] Paramount Farming Co, Bakersfield, CA USA. RP Burks, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM charles.burks@ars.usda.gov OI Burks, Charles/0000-0003-0242-8644 FU California Pistachio Commission; Resnick Foundation FX We are grateful to Mike Bryant, Richard Gill, Luis Higuera, Johnny Magana, and Candice Rogers for expert technical assistance; to Joel Siegel, Spenser Walse, and an anonymous reviewer for suggestions on prior versions of this paper, and to the California Pistachio Commission and the Resnick Foundation for partial support of this study. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 133 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00925.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519PM UT WOS:000271779300008 ER PT J AU Contarini, M Onufrieva, KS Thorpe, KW Raffa, KF Tobin, PC AF Contarini, Mario Onufrieva, Ksenia S. Thorpe, Kevin W. Raffa, Kenneth F. Tobin, Patrick C. TI Mate-finding failure as an important cause of Allee effects along the leading edge of an invading insect population SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; gypsy moth; Lymantriidae; biological invasions; invasive species; non-native species; spread; Lepidoptera ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; MATING SUCCESS; UNITED-STATES; LYMANTRIIDAE; WISCONSIN; DYNAMICS AB The movement of humans and goods has facilitated the arrival of non-native insects, some of which successfully establish and cause negative consequences to the composition, services, and functioning of ecosystems. The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), is currently invading North American forests at variable rates, spreading by local and long-distance movement in a process known as stratified dispersal. Newly arriving colonizers often occur considerably ahead of the population front, and a key question is the degree to which they successfully establish. Prior research has highlighted mate-finding failures in sparse populations as a cause of an Allee effect (positive density dependence). We explored this mechanism by measuring the relationship between female mating success and background male moth densities along the gypsy moth western front in Northern Wisconsin (USA) over 2 years. The mating results were then compared with analogous previous studies in southern Wisconsin, and the southern front in West Virginia and Virginia (USA). Mate-finding failures in low-density populations were consistently observed to be density-dependent across all years and locations. Mate-finding failures in low-density populations have important ramifications to invasive species management, particularly in predicting species invasiveness, preventing successful establishment by small founder populations, and concentrating eradication efforts where they are most likely to succeed. C1 [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Contarini, Mario] Univ Sassari, Dipartimento Protez Piante, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Contarini, Mario; Raffa, Kenneth F.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Onufrieva, Ksenia S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Thorpe, Kevin W.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us RI Onufrieva, Ksenia/A-4609-2008; OI Onufrieva, Ksenia/0000-0002-8424-850X; contarini, mario/0000-0001-8348-2970 FU US Forest Service, Forest Health Protection; Northern Research Station, McIntire-Stennis [WIS04969]; University of Wisconsin-Madison; College of Agricultural and Life Sciences FX The authors thank John Tanner, Susan Lane, Hanna Antell, Christine Lokerson, Emily Hibbard, and Lindsay Pearson (USDA-APHIS Pest Survey, Detection, and Exclusion Laboratory) for supplying gypsy moth pupae; Mark Theisen and John Wilson (US Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest), Julie Van Stappen (National Parks Service-Apostles Islands National Lakeshore), Laura Blackburn, Drew Cantis (US Forest Service, Northern Research Station), and Kyle Buechel and Jesse Pfammatter (Department of Entomology, UW-Madison) for their assistance with providing access to study sites and with field work; and Rebecca Gray (Wisconsin DATCP) and Aaron Adams (Department of Entomology, UW-Madison) for their kind advice on methodology. The critical reviews of Sandy Liebhold (US Forest Service, Northern Research Station) and two anonymous reviewers contributed to this manuscript. The authors thank Regione Sardegna (Italy) for Mario Contarini's fellowship, Pietro Luciano (Universita degli Studi di Sassari), and Bruno Paparatti and Stefano Speranza (Universita degli Studi della Tuscia) for their kind cooperation. This research was funded in part by the US Forest Service, Forest Health Protection and the Northern Research Station, McIntire-Stennis Grant WIS04969, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. NR 74 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-8703 EI 1570-7458 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 133 IS 3 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00930.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 519PM UT WOS:000271779300011 ER PT J AU Shelton, AM Naranjo, SE Romeis, J Hellmich, RL Wolt, JD Federici, BA Albajes, R Bigler, F Burgess, EPJ Dively, GP Gatehouse, AMR Malone, LA Roush, R Sears, M Sehnal, F Ferry, N Bell, HA AF Shelton, Anthony M. Naranjo, Steven E. Romeis, Joerg Hellmich, Richard L. Wolt, Jeffrey D. Federici, Brian A. Albajes, Ramon Bigler, Franz Burgess, Elisabeth P. J. Dively, Galen P. Gatehouse, Angharad M. R. Malone, Louise A. Roush, Richard Sears, Mark Sehnal, Frantisek Ferry, Natalie Bell, Howard A. TI Appropriate Analytical Methods Are Necessary to Assess Nontarget Effects of Insecticidal Proteins in GM Crops Through Meta-Analysis (Response to Andow et al. 2009) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID PREDATOR CHRYSOPERLA-CARNEA; EULOPHUS-PENNICORNIS HYMENOPTERA; LACANOBIA-OLERACEA LEPIDOPTERA; PARASITOID COTESIA-PLUTELLAE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; NATURAL ENEMIES; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CARABID BEETLE C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Romeis, Joerg; Bigler, Franz] Agroscope Reckenholz Tanikon Res Stn ART, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hellmich, Richard L.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wolt, Jeffrey D.] Iowa State Univ, Biosafety Inst Genetically Modified Agr Prod, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Federici, Brian A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Albajes, Ramon] Univ Lleida, Ctr UdL IRTA, Lleida 25198, Spain. [Burgess, Elisabeth P. J.; Malone, Louise A.] Hort & Food Res Inst, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Dively, Galen P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gatehouse, Angharad M. R.; Ferry, Natalie] Univ Newcastle, Inst Res Environm & Sustainabil, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Roush, Richard] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Land & Environm, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Sears, Mark] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Sehnal, Frantisek] ASCR, Ctr Biol, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. [Bell, Howard A.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. RP Shelton, AM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, NYSAES, 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM ams5@cornell.edu RI Albajes, Ramon/A-7835-2011; Burgess, Elisabeth/F-9572-2011; Romeis, Joerg/J-5360-2013 OI Burgess, Elisabeth/0000-0001-6598-8759; NR 44 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1533 EP 1538 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530HZ UT WOS:000272581400002 PM 20021746 ER PT J AU Nagoshi, RN Fleischer, SJ Meagher, RL AF Nagoshi, Rodney N. Fleischer, Shelby J. Meagher, Robert L. TI Texas Is the Overwintering Source of Fall Armyworm in Central Pennsylvania: Implications for Migration Into the Northeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera frugiperda; cytochrome oxidase; Noctuidae; haplotype ID SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; CORN-STRAIN POPULATIONS; HOST STRAINS; ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; FLORIDA; POLLEN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INSECTICIDES; NORTHWARD AB Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), infestations in most of North America arise from annual migrations of populations that overwinter in southern Texas and Florida. Cytochrome oxidase I haplotype profiles within the fall armyworm corn strain, the subgroup that preferentially infests corn (Zea mays L.), can differentiate the Texas and Florida Populations. We use this molecular metric to show that fall armyworms in central Pennsylvania originate from Texas, indicating the existence of a migratory pathway from Texas to the northeastern United States. These results were compared with historical trapping data for fall armyworm and,mother migratory noctuid, corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the Pennsylvania and Maryland corn-producing areas to better define lepidopteran migratory pathways. C1 [Nagoshi, Rodney N.; Meagher, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Fleischer, Shelby J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nagoshi, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM rodney.nagoshi@ars.usda.gov FU Insecticide Resistance Action Committee FX We thank J. Sharp for excellent technical support; the Extension Educators who contributed data for Pestwatch from Pennsylvania; and T. Sappington (USDA-ARS, Iowa State University) and M. Hay-Roe (USDA-ARS) for helpful comments on the manuscript. The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee contributed funds to support the information technology programming of Pestwatch. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1546 EP 1554 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530HZ UT WOS:000272581400004 PM 20021748 ER PT J AU Tobin, PC Klein, KT Leonard, DS AF Tobin, Patrick C. Klein, Kenneth T. Leonard, Donna S. TI Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Flight Behavior and Phenology Based on Field-Deployed Automated Pheromone-Baited Traps SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; flight behavior; phenology; sampling; automated trapping ID MODEL; INSECTS; AGE; POSTDIAPAUSE; TEMPERATURE; DIAPAUSE; WHEAT AB Populations of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), are extensively monitored in the United States through the use of pheromone-baited traps. We report on use of automated pheromone-baited traps that use a recording sensor and data logger to record the unique date-time stamp of males as they enter the trap. We deployed a total of 352 automated traps under field conditions across several U.S. states over a 5-yr period. In many cases, there was general congruence between male moth capture and the number of recorded events. Although it was difficult to decipher an individual recording event because of the tendency for over-recording, the overall distribution of recorded events was useful in assessing male gypsy moth flight behavior and phenology. The time stamp for recorded events corroborated a previous report of crepuscular gypsy moth male flight behavior, because, although most moths were trapped between 12 and 16 h, there was a consistent period of flight activity between 20 and 22 h. The median male flight duration was 24 d (228 DD, base threshold = 10 degrees C), but there were several traps that recorded flight periods >42 d that could not be explained by overcounting given the congruence between moth capture and the number of recorded events. Unusually long flight periods could indicate the introduction of male moths or other life stages that developed under different climatic conditions, C1 [Klein, Kenneth T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Christiansburg, VA 24073 USA. [Leonard, Donna S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Tobin, PC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ptobin@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection; Gypsy Moth Slow the Spread Foundation FX We thank A. Sawyer (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service) for developing the automated traps and L. Blackburn and C. Racin (USDA Forest Service), C. Lettau (Wisconsin Department of Agriculture Trade and Consumer Protection), and K. W. Thorpe (USDA Agricultural Research Service) for assistance. This research was financially supported by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, and the Gypsy Moth Slow the Spread Foundation. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1555 EP 1562 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530HZ UT WOS:000272581400005 PM 20021749 ER PT J AU McCullough, DG Poland, TM Anulewicz, AC Cappaert, D AF McCullough, Deborah G. Poland, Therese M. Anulewicz, Andrea C. Cappaert, David TI Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Attraction to Stressed or Baited Ash Trees SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trap tree; detection methods; methyl jasmonate; Manuka oil; girdled trees ID METHYL JASMONATE; AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS; INDUCED VOLATILES; RESPONSES; EMISSION; FOLIAGE; ACID AB Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has killed millions of ash (Fraxinus sp.) trees in North America since its discovery in Michigan in 2002. Efficient methods to detect low-density A. planipennis populations remain a critical priority for regulatory and resource management agencies. We compared the density of adult A. planipennis captured on sticky bands and larval density among ash trees that were girdled for 1 or 2 yr, wounded, exposed to the stress-elicitor methyl jasmonate, baited with Manuka oil lures, or left untreated. Studies were conducted at four sites in 2006 and 2007, where A. planipennis densities on untreated trees ranged from very low to moderate. In 2006, 1-yr girdled trees captured significantly more adult A. planipennis and had higher larval densities than untreated control trees or trees treated with methyl jasmonate or Manuka oil. Open-grown trees captured significantly more A. planipennis beetles than partially or fully shaded trees. In 2007, A. planipennis population levels and captures of adult A. planipennis were substantially higher than in 2006. The density of adults captured on sticky bands did not differ significantly among canopy exposure classes or treatments in 2007. Larval density was significantly higher in untreated, wounded, and 1-yr girdled trees (girdled in 2007) than in 2-yr girdled trees (girdled in 2006), where most phloem was consumed by A. planipennis larvae the previous year. A total of 36 trees (32 in 2006, 4 in 2007) caught no beetles, but 16 of those trees (13 in 2006, 3 in 2007) had A. planipennis larvae. In 2006, there was a positive linear relationship between the density of adults captured on sticky bands and larval density in trees. Our results show that freshly girdled and open grown trees were most attractive to A. planipannis, especially at low-density sites. If girdled trees are used for A. planipennis detection or survey, debarking trees to locate larval galleries is crucial. C1 [McCullough, Deborah G.; Anulewicz, Andrea C.; Cappaert, David] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP McCullough, DG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci,E Circle Dr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mccullo6@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service, NA FHP FX We thank J. Baker, T. Dell, S. Bloomer, J. Wieferich, K. Chambers, B. McDonald, A. Tluczek, C. Limback, B. Schmitt, E. Burkett, and S. Smith (MSU) and A. Wroblewski, T. Ciaramitaro, and S. Burr (USDA Forest Service), who assisted with implementing treatments, monitoring sticky bands, and debarking trees in 2006-2008. Cooperation from the Michigan Department of Agriculture, the city of Grand Blanc, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and the Michigan Department of Transportation is gratefully acknowledged. Comments provided by R. Mercader and D. Pureswaran helped to improve this manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service, NA FHP. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 36 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1668 EP 1679 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530HZ UT WOS:000272581400019 PM 20021763 ER PT J AU Nehme, ME Keena, MA Zhang, A Baker, TC Hoover, K AF Nehme, M. E. Keena, M. A. Zhang, A. Baker, T. C. Hoover, K. TI Attraction of Anoplophora glabripennis to Male-Produced Pheromone and Plant Volatiles SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; male-produced pheromone; mate-finding; trap design; Cerambycidae ID MALE SEX-PHEROMONE; LONGHORNED BEETLES COLEOPTERA; TETROPIUM-FUSCUM F; OLD-HOUSE BORER; HYLOTRUPES-BAJULUS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; CERAMBYCID BEETLES; BARK BEETLE; HOST-PLANT; IDENTIFICATION AB The male-produced pheromone of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), which is an equal blend of 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol mid 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal, was used in laboratory bioassays and in the greenhouse to determine its potential for attracting A. glabripennis adults. In modified "walking wind tunnels," virgin females were most attracted to the alcohol component, and virgin males were repelled by the pheromone blend at the lowest and highest amounts offered. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays also showed that females were significantly more attracted to the pheromone and its components than males were. However, males were more attracted to plant volatiles than females. Of 12 plant volatiles tested, delta-3-carene and (E)-caryophyliene were highly attractive to males, whereas (Z) -3-hexenyl acetate was repellent to males. Combining the male pheromone blend with (-)-linalool alone or with (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol attracted significantly more males than did the pheromone alone. We tested four trap designs in our quarantine greenhouse with eight different lures. The Intercept Panel traps and the hand-made screen sleeve traps caught more beetles than the Plum Curculio traps and Lindgren funnel traps. Intercept traps worked best when baited with male blend and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, whereas screen sleeve traps were most attractive when baited with (-) -linalool. Our findings provide evidence of the attractiveness of the A. glabripennis male-produced pheromone and suggest that it has a role in mate-finding. It is also a first step toward the development of an efficient trap design and lure combination to monitor A. glabripennis infestations in the field. C1 [Nehme, M. E.; Baker, T. C.; Hoover, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Keena, M. A.; Hoover, K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Zhang, A.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoover, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kxh25@psu.edu FU the Alphawood Foundation; Horticultural Research institute; USDA-APHIS-PPQ FX We thank the Statistics Department consultation services at Penn State University for their assistance with the statistical analyses. We also thank L. Hanks, S. Geib, E. Scully, K. Boroesky, and the staff of the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station Quarantine laboratory in Ansonia, C`I', for their scientific and technical support and J. Nie of the Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory in Beltsville for assistance with chemical synthesis. This work was supported by grants to K.H. from the Alphawood Foundation, the Horticultural Research institute, and cooperative agreements with the USDA-APHIS-PPQ. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1745 EP 1755 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530HZ UT WOS:000272581400027 PM 20021771 ER PT J AU Chen, YG Poland, TM AF Chen, Yigen Poland, Therese M. TI Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affect Green Ash Volatile Production and Emerald Ash Borer Adult Feeding Preference SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE light intensity; girdling; insect-plant interactions; Buprestidae; Coleoptera ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; FRAXINUS-MANDSHURICA; FAIRMAIRE COLEOPTERA; GENE-EXPRESSION; OPTIMAL DEFENSE; NORTH-AMERICA; BUPRESTIDAE; COTTON; LEAVES AB The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an exotic woodborer first detected in 2002 in Michigan and Ontario and is threatening the ash resource in North America. We examined the effects of light exposure and girdling on green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh) volatile production, and effects of light exposure, girdling, and leaf age on emerald ash borer adult feeding preferences and phototaxis. Green ash seedlings grown under higher light exposure had lower amounts of three individual volatile compounds, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-beta-ocimene, and (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene, as well as the total amount of six detected volatile compounds. Girdling did not affect the levels of these volatiles. Emerald ash borer females preferred mature leaves, leaves from girdled trees, and leaves grown in the sun over young leaves, leaves from nongirdled trees, and leaves grown in the shade, respectively. These emerald ash borer preferences were most likely because of physical, nutritional, or biochemical changes in leaves in response to the different treatments. Emerald ash borer females and males showed positive phototaxis in laboratory arenas, a response consistent with emerald ash borer preference for host trees growing in sunlight. C1 [Chen, Yigen] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Poland, Therese M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Chen, YG (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ygchen@msu.edu FU USDA Forest Service; NA FHP FX We thank T. Ciaramitaro and D. Miller for maintenance of the emerald ash borer colony and trees in the greenhouse; D. Pureswaran (Natural Resources Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada) and C. Grant (Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada) for comments on the manuscript; and three anonymous reviewers for critical comments that improved an early draft of the manuscript. This work wits supported by the USDA Forest Service, NA FHP. NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 27 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 38 IS 6 BP 1756 EP 1764 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530HZ UT WOS:000272581400028 PM 20021772 ER PT J AU Joyce, LA Blate, GM McNulty, SG Millar, CI Moser, S Neilson, RP Peterson, DL AF Joyce, Linda A. Blate, Geoffrey M. McNulty, Steven G. Millar, Constance I. Moser, Susanne Neilson, Ronald P. Peterson, David L. TI Managing for Multiple Resources Under Climate Change: National Forests SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Resilience; Resistance; Anticipatory management; Planning; Assessments; Adaptation ID UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL-CHANGE; RESPONSES; VULNERABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; ADAPTATION; FRAMEWORK; MATTERS AB This study explores potential adaptation approaches in planning and management that the United States Forest Service might adopt to help achieve its goals and objectives in the face of climate change. Availability of information, vulnerability of ecological and socio-economic systems, and uncertainties associated with climate change, as well as the interacting non-climatic changes, influence selection of the adaptation approach. Resource assessments are opportunities to develop strategic information that could be used to identify and link adaptation strategies across planning levels. Within a National Forest, planning must incorporate the opportunity to identify vulnerabilities to climate change as well as incorporate approaches that allow management adjustments as the effects of climate change become apparent. The nature of environmental variability, the inevitability of novelty and surprise, and the range of management objectives and situations across the National Forest System implies that no single approach will fit all situations. A toolbox of management options would include practices focused on forestalling climate change effects by building resistance and resilience into current ecosystems, and on managing for change by enabling plants, animals, and ecosystems to adapt to climate change. Better and more widespread implementation of already known practices that reduce the impact of existing stressors represents an important "no regrets" strategy. These management opportunities will require agency consideration of its adaptive capacity, and ways to overcome potential barriers to these adaptation options. C1 [Joyce, Linda A.] USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Blate, Geoffrey M.] Chulalongkorn Univ, WWF Greater Mekong Programme, Policy Off, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [McNulty, Steven G.] USFS So Res Stn, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Millar, Constance I.] USFS Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Moser, Susanne] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Moser, Susanne] Susanne Moser Res & Consulting, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Neilson, Ronald P.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, David L.] USFS Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Joyce, LA (reprint author), USFS Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ljoyce@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; AAAS Science & Technology Policy; U.S. EPA FX We thank the US Climate Change Science Program and the Lead Authors of Science and Assessment Product 4.4, Susan Julius and Jordan West and the three anonymous reviewers. Support was provided by the US Forest Service, and for Blate, from the AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow Program, and the U.S. EPA. NR 58 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1022 EP 1032 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9324-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530TN UT WOS:000272615300002 PM 19588192 ER PT J AU Baron, JS Gunderson, L Allen, CD Fleishman, E McKenzie, D Meyerson, LA Oropeza, J Stephenson, N AF Baron, Jill S. Gunderson, Lance Allen, Craig D. Fleishman, Erica McKenzie, Donald Meyerson, Laura A. Oropeza, Jill Stephenson, Nate TI Options for National Parks and Reserves for Adapting to Climate Change SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Climate change; National parks; Reserves; Uncertainty; Scenario planning; Adaptive management ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; GRAND-CANYON; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; WORLD; RESTORATION; THRESHOLDS; ECOLOGY; POLICY AB Past and present climate has shaped the valued ecosystems currently protected in parks and reserves, but future climate change will redefine these conditions. Continued conservation as climate changes will require thinking differently about resource management than we have in the past; we present some logical steps and tools for doing so. Three critical tenets underpin future management plans and activities: (1) climate patterns of the past will not be the climate patterns of the future; (2) climate defines the environment and influences future trajectories of the distributions of species and their habitats; (3) specific management actions may help increase the resilience of some natural resources, but fundamental changes in species and their environment may be inevitable. Science-based management will be necessary because past experience may not serve as a guide for novel future conditions. Identifying resources and processes at risk, defining thresholds and reference conditions, and establishing monitoring and assessment programs are among the types of scientific practices needed to support a broadened portfolio of management activities. In addition to the control and hedging management strategies commonly in use today, we recommend adaptive management wherever possible. Adaptive management increases our ability to address the multiple scales at which species and processes function, and increases the speed of knowledge transfer among scientists and managers. Scenario planning provides a broad forward-thinking framework from which the most appropriate management tools can be chosen. The scope of climate change effects will require a shared vision among regional partners. Preparing for and adapting to climate change is as much a cultural and intellectual challenge as an ecological challenge. C1 [Baron, Jill S.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Baron, Jill S.; Oropeza, Jill] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gunderson, Lance] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Fleishman, Erica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [McKenzie, Donald] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Meyerson, Laura A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Stephenson, Nate] US Geol Survey, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. RP Baron, JS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM jill@nrel.colostate.edu RI Meyerson, Laura/K-9013-2012; Meyerson, Laura/D-4487-2013; Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 FU U.S. Climate Change Science FX We thank the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the fLead Authors of Science and Assessment Product 4.4, Susan Julius and Jordan West. This is a product of the U. S. Geological Survey's Western Mountain Initiative. Advice, comments, and reviews from Abby Miller, Bob Krumenaker, David Graber, Vaughn Baker, Jeff Connor, and Ben Bobowski strengthened the manuscript. Participants in a November 2006 workshop provided valuable comments and context. NR 60 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 8 U2 79 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1042 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9296-6 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 530TN UT WOS:000272615300003 PM 19449058 ER PT J AU Dmuchowski, W Bytnerowicz, A AF Dmuchowski, Wojciech Bytnerowicz, Andrzej TI Long-term (1992-2004) record of lead, cadmium, and zinc air contamination in Warsaw, Poland: Determination by chemical analysis of moss bags and leaves of Crimean linden SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Moss; Tree foliage; Heavy metals; Air contamination; Urban area ID ATMOSPHERIC METAL POLLUTION; DEPOSITION; SULFUR; SOILS; PINE; INDICATORS; NEEDLES; CITY AB Between 1992 and 2004, air contamination with lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) in Warsaw, Poland, was monitored annually with moss (Sphagnum fallax) bags on a network of 230 sites covering the entire city. During the study the highest contamination was near the Warszawa Steel Mill, northwestern Warsaw. Lead concentrations in moss bags decreased in time, while those of Cd and Zn did not show clear trends. Between 1994 and 2004, Pb, Cd, and Zn were also monitored in the Crimean linden (Tilia Euchlora) foliage along the main city avenue and in a northwestern warsaw park. Lead concentrations decreased more near the avenue than in the park, indicating that the phasing-out of leaded gasoline had a major effect on reduced Pb contamination in Warsaw. At the same time, foliar concentrations of Cd and Zn in both areas decreased much less. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dmuchowski, Wojciech] Polish Acad Sci, Bot Garden Ctr Conservat Biol Divers, PL-02973 Warsaw, Poland. [Dmuchowski, Wojciech] Warsaw Univ Life Sci SGGW, Fac Agr & Biol, PL-02776 Warsaw, Poland. [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Dmuchowski, W (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Bot Garden Ctr Conservat Biol Divers, 2 Prawdziwka St, PL-02973 Warsaw, Poland. EM dmuchowski@ob.neostrada.pl RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 157 IS 12 BP 3413 EP 3421 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.06.019 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526ZE UT WOS:000272334500031 PM 19631430 ER PT J AU Horowitz, JK AF Horowitz, John K. TI The Income-Temperature Relationship in a Cross-Section of Countries and its Implications for Predicting the Effects of Global Warming SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Global warming; Gross domestic product; Settler mortality ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECONOMIC-DEVELOPMENT; RICARDIAN ANALYSIS; WORLD INCOME; IMPACT; AGRICULTURE; GEOGRAPHY; TROPICS; GROWTH; COSTS AB Hotter countries are poorer on average. This paper attempts to separate the historical and contemporaneous components of this income-temperature relationship. Following ideas by Acemoglu et al. (Am Econ Rev 91(5):1369-1401, 2001), we use colonial mortality data to account for the historical role of temperature since colonial mortality was highly correlated with countries' average temperatures. The remaining income-temperature gradient, after colonial mortality is accounted for, is most likely contemporaneous. This contemporaneous effect can be used to estimate the consequences of global warming. We predict that a 1A degrees C temperature increase across all countries will cause a decrease of 3.8% in world GDP. This prediction is robust across functional forms and an alternative method for separating historical effects. C1 [Horowitz, John K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Horowitz, John K.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Horowitz, JK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jhorowit@umd.edu NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 475 EP 493 DI 10.1007/s10640-009-9296-2 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 531CE UT WOS:000272639500002 ER PT J AU Harris, DL Huderson, AC Niaz, MS Ford, JJ Archibong, AE Ramesh, A AF Harris, Deacqunita L. Huderson, Ashley C. Niaz, Mohammad S. Ford, J. Joe Archibong, Anthony E. Ramesh, Aramandla TI Comparative Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene by Ovarian Microsomes of Various Species SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benzo(a)pyrene; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; ovarian microsomes; liver microsomes; metabolism; HPLC ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; F344 RATS; INHALED BENZO(A)PYRENE; CYTOCHROMES P450; EXPOSURE; ACTIVATION; APOPTOSIS; BIOAVAILABILITY; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB Knowledge of the ability of the female reproductive system to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is critical to the diagnosis and management of female infertility and for risk assessment purposes. The PAHs are a family of widespread pollutants that are released into the environment from automobile exhausts, cigarette smoke, burning of refuse, industrial emissions, and hazardous waste sites. In exposed animals, PAHs become activated to reactive metabolites that interfere with target organ function and as a consequence cause toxicity. The extent of susceptibility to PAH exposure may depend on the ability of animals to metabolize these chemicals. The present study has been undertaken to assess whether any differences exist among mammals in the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a prototypical PAH compound. Microsomes isolated from the liver and ovaries of rats, mice, goats, sheep, pigs, and cows were incubated with 5 mu M BaP Postincubation, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed for BaP/metabolites by reverse-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. The rate of metabolism (pmol of metabolite/min/mg protein) was found to be more in liver than in ovary in all the species studied (P < 0.05). The differences in metabolite concentrations were statistically significant (P < 0.0001) among the various species in both organs studied. Multiple species comparison also revealed that the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001) between rodents (rat and mouse) and higher mammals (ewe, sow, and cow). Even among the higher mammals, in a majority of the cases, the differences in metabolite concentrations were significantly different (P < 0.001) both in ovary and liver. The BaP metabolites identified were 4,5-diol; 7,8-diol; 9,10-diol; 3-hydroxy BaP; and 9-hydroxy BaP. The rodent microsomes produced considerably higher proportion of BaP 4,5-diol and 9,10-diol than did cow, sow, goat, and sheep. However, microsomes from higher mammals converted a greater proportion of BaP to 3-hydroxy and 9-hydroxy BaP, the detoxification products of BaP. Overall, our results revealed a great variation among species to metabolize BaR (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 603-609, 2009. C1 [Harris, Deacqunita L.; Huderson, Ashley C.; Ramesh, Aramandla] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Niaz, Mohammad S.; Archibong, Anthony E.] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Ford, J. Joe] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ramesh, A (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Canc Biol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. EM aramesh@mmc.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [G12 RR03032, IS11ES014156-01Al, 5T321-IL007735-12, 1U54HD044315] FX Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health (NIH).; Contract grant numbers: G12 RR03032, IS11ES014156-01Al-Project#3. 5T321-IL007735-12, 1U54HD044315. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-4081 EI 1522-7278 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 BP 603 EP 609 DI 10.1002/tox.20461 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 522AW UT WOS:000271971100010 PM 19051262 ER PT J AU Kennedy, BM Champagne, CM Ryan, DH Newton, R Conish, BK Harsha, DW Levy, EJ Bogle, ML AF Kennedy, Betty M. Champagne, Catherine M. Ryan, Donna H. Newton, Robert, Jr. Conish, Beverly K. Harsha, David W. Levy, Erma J. Bogle, Margaret L. CA Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Inter TI THE "ROLLING STORE:" AN ECONOMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH TO THE PREVENTION OF WEIGHT GAIN IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Community-based; fruits and vegetables; African American women ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; LOSS PROGRAM; OBESITY; EPIDEMIC; ADULTS AB Objective: To test the feasibility of the "Rolling Store," an innovative food-delivery intervention, along with a nutrition education program to increase the consumption of healthy foods (fruits and vegetables) to prevent weight gain in African American women. Methods: Forty eligible African American women were enrolled in the study and randomized to intervention or control groups. A trained peer educator and a Rolling Store operator implemented the study protocol at a local community center. Results: The program retention rate was 93%. Participants in the intervention group lost a mean weight of 2.0 kg, while participants in the control group gained a mean weight of 1.1 kg at six months. Overall participants showed a mean decrease in weight of -.4 kg (standard deviation 3.0 kg), but the intervention group lost significantly more weight and had a decreased body mass index at six months. In the intervention group, the average number of servings consumed per day of fruits/fruit juice and vegetables significantly increased at six months. Conclusions: The Rolling Store, at least on the small scale on which it was implemented, is a feasible approach to producing weight loss and improvements in healthy eating when combined with an educational program in a small community center. (Ethn Dis. 2009;19:7-12) C1 [Kennedy, Betty M.; Champagne, Catherine M.; Ryan, Donna H.; Newton, Robert, Jr.; Conish, Beverly K.; Harsha, David W.; Levy, Erma J.] Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. [Bogle, Margaret L.] USDA, ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Kennedy, BM (reprint author), Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd,POB 80025, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. EM Betty.Kennedy@pbrc.edu FU Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) [6251-53000-003-00D] FX This study was supported in part by the Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative, which is a consortium of six academic institutions and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS Project No. 6251-53000-003-00D). The authors are grateful to Dr Frank Greenway, Dr Peter Katzmarzyk, and Ms Carole Lachney for reading and editing the manuscript. The authors are also grateful to Mr Anthony Alfonso and Dr Nathan Markward for analyzing and assisting with data interpretation. The authors especially would like to thank the South Baton Rouge community, the Honorable Mayor-President of East Baton Rouge Parish Mr Bobby Simpson, Director of the Dr Leo S. Butler Community Center Mr Eddie Johnson, the "Rolling Store" operator Rev Emanuel Smith, the Southside Produce Market, and especially the participants for taking part in this study. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 423KB UT WOS:000264494100003 PM 19341156 ER PT J AU Riday, H AF Riday, Heathcliffe TI Correlations between visual biomass scores and forage yield in space planted red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding nurseries SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Red clover; Biomass; Breeding; Scores; Yield ID PHENOTYPIC SELECTION AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) forage yield remains a prime breeding target for improved variety development. In a world of decreasing forage legume breeding resources, rapidly and cheaply phenotyping plants for the highly quantitative trait of forage yield is vital. Many red clover selection programs are based on space planted nurseries. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the accuracy of visual forage yield scores in predicting actual forage yield; (2) the nature of the relationship between visual scores and actual measurements; and (3) The repeatability of visual scores between different evaluators. Twenty-seven halfsib families were transplanted at two locations in three replicates of six plant plots. Individual plant fresh weights and visual scores, by two evaluators, for forage yield were taken. On an individual plant basis visual forage yield scores showed an exponential relationship with actual fresh weights. Individual plant visual scores were very accurate with a pseudo-R (2) of 0.79 observed for the exponential model. On an entry mean basis using a linear model, visual scores could explain 90% of the variation of actual fresh weights. Agreement among evaluators scoring the same plants was very high with coefficients of determination at 0.84 for individual plants and as high as 0.96 on an entry mean basis. This study suggests that visual scores of plants in space planted red clover breeding nurseries are basically as accurate as measuring actual yields and that plants can be consistently scored the same by different evaluators. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM riday@wisc.edu NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2009 VL 170 IS 3 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-9991-7 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 514OH UT WOS:000271403800009 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Fourie, D Larsen, RC Miklas, PN AF Vandemark, G. J. Fourie, D. Larsen, R. C. Miklas, P. N. TI Interactions between QTL SAP6 and SU91 on resistance to common bacterial blight in red kidney bean and pinto bean populations SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Disease resistance; Phaseolus vulgaris; Xanthomonas axonopodis ID CAMPESTRIS PV PHASEOLI; PATHOGENIC VARIATION; VULGARIS L; PCR; REGISTRATION; MARKERS; INHERITANCE; POLYMERASE; STRAINS; GENES AB Breeding efforts to improve resistance in dry bean to common bacterial blight (CBB) have focused on applying marker assisted selection strategies. We examined the interaction between two independent QTL (quantitative trait loci), SAP6 and SU91, on the expression of resistance to CBB in a pinto bean F(2) population and dark red kidney bean F(2) population. The disease reaction for each F(2) population was scored at several time points after inoculation. The dominant SCAR markers SAP6 and SU91 were simultaneously genotyped as codominant markers using a multiplex real-time PCR assay. For both populations, at each time point plants having genotypes of (su91 su91//SAP6 SAP6); (su91 su91//SAP6 sap6), and (su91 su91//sap6 sap6) were significantly more susceptible to CBB than plants with any of the six other possible genotypes (SU91 _//_ _). Only two examples were observed across both populations and all time points in which mean disease reactions were significantly different between any of the six (SU91 _//_ _) genotypes. No significant differences were observed between SU91 SU91 and SU91 su91 genotypes at any time point for either F(2) population. Similarly, no significant differences in CBB reaction were observed among the three SAP6 genotypes for plants that had the su 91/su91 genotype. The results indicate CBB resistance in these two populations is primarily conditioned by the presence of at least a single copy of the SU91 QTL. The effects of pathogen isolate and population on discerning the influence of QTL on CBB resistance are discussed. C1 [Vandemark, G. J.] USDA, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fourie, D.] ARC Grain Crops Inst, Potchefstroom, South Africa. [Larsen, R. C.; Miklas, P. N.] USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM george.vandemark@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD DEC PY 2009 VL 170 IS 3 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-0013-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 514OH UT WOS:000271403800013 ER PT J AU Melistas, L Mantzoros, CS Kontogianni, M Antonopoulou, S Ordovas, JM Yiannakouris, N AF Melistas, Labros Mantzoros, Christos S. Kontogianni, Meropi Antonopoulou, Smaragdi Ordovas, Jose M. Yiannakouris, Nikos TI Association of the+45T > G and+276G > T polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene with insulin resistance in nondiabetic Greek women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ADIPONECTIN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; SERUM ADIPONECTIN; CIRCULATING ADIPONECTIN; JAPANESE POPULATION; PLASMA ADIPONECTIN; OBESITY; VARIANTS AB Objective: We explored potential associations of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ +45T > G, rs2241766 and +276G > T rs1501299) with circulating total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, insulin resistance (IR), and markers of obesity in a healthy Greek female population. Design and methods: The two SNPs were genotyped in 349 women without diabetes (mean age, 47.0 +/- 12.1 years. mean body mass index: 28.9 +/- 5.6 kg/m(2)) Total and HMW adiponectin concentrations, body composition variables. IR parameters, and plasma lipid levels were determined Results. In single SNP analysis adjusting for several potential confounders, SNP +276G > T was associated with higher fasting insulin levels (P=0.01) and higher homeostasis model assessment index for IR (HOMA-IR: P=0.009), and SNP +45T > G was associated with lower insulin levels and HOMA-IR (P=0.05 and P=0.07 respectively). No association with total or HMW adiponectin, plasma lipid levels, and body composition variables was observed; however, haplotype analysis revealed that subjects homozygous for the most common +45T/+276G haplotype had lower total adiponectin levels than did noncarriers of this haplotype (P=0.02). The observed differences in HOMA-IR were very significant among women with a higher body fat (BF) percentage (>= the population median of 41%, all P <= 0.005), but not among leaner individuals (P for interactions 0.01-0.07), thus suggesting that ADIPOQ effects on insulin sensitivity may depend upon BF status Conclusion: Our data suggest a significant role of ADIPOQ variants at positions +45 and +276 in the development of IR in healthy Greek women possibly through an interaction with BF. C1 [Yiannakouris, Nikos] Harokopio Univ Athens, Dept Home Econ & Ecol, Athens 17671, Greece. [Melistas, Labros; Kontogianni, Meropi; Antonopoulou, Smaragdi] Harokopio Univ Athens, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Athens 17671, Greece. [Mantzoros, Christos S.] Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Yiannakouris, N (reprint author), Harokopio Univ Athens, Dept Home Econ & Ecol, El Venizelou 70, Athens 17671, Greece. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH [HL54776, DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX This work was partly supported by NIH grants HL54776 and DK075030, and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service NR 41 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 0804-4643 J9 EUR J ENDOCRINOL JI Eur. J. Endocrinol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 161 IS 6 BP 845 EP 852 DI 10.1530/EJE-09-0492 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 529OP UT WOS:000272527400005 PM 19755407 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Ariss, JJ AF Thies, Judy A. Ariss, Jennifer J. TI Comparison between the N and Me3 genes conferring resistance to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in genetically different pepper lines (Capsicum annuum) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Host resistance; Meloidogyne incognita; Capsicum annuum; Root-knot nematode; N gene; Me3 gene; R-genes; Linkage ID HEAT-STABLE RESISTANCE; PLANT-RESISTANCE; INHERITANCE; L.; TOMATO; SPP. AB Genetic resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in pepper (Capsicum annuum) has been well characterised for the N and Me3 resistance genes. However, there are no studies comparing the effects of these two genes directly or investigating the combined effects when both genes are present together. Several studies were undertaken to investigate the relationship of the N and Me3 gene systems to one another and to assess whether these two genes are allelic or truly separate genes. Two genotypes homozygous for the N gene ('Carolina Wonder' and 'Charleston Belle') and two genotypes homozygous for the Me3 gene (HDA 149 and PM 687) were compared in a replicated greenhouse test for reaction to M. incognita race 3. There were no significant differences between the resistant reactions of genotypes possessing the N or Me3 gene. Allelism tests were performed using the F2 populations of the parental genotypes HDA 149 x 'Charleston Belle' and HDA 149 x 'Carolina Wonder'. The results of these studies clearly show the N and Me3 genes to be distinct, separate dominant resistance genes conferring resistance to M. incognita race 3 and not alleles of the same gene. C1 [Thies, Judy A.; Ariss, Jennifer J.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM judy.thies@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 125 IS 4 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1007/s10658-009-9502-7 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 512PU UT WOS:000271263100004 ER PT J AU Palenchar, J Holler, T Moses-Rowley, A McGovern, R Sivinski, J AF Palenchar, Jessica Holler, Tim Moses-Rowley, Amy McGovern, Robert Sivinski, John TI EVALUATION OF IRRADIATED CARIBBEAN FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) LARVAE FOR LABORATORY REARING OF DORYCTOBRACON AREOLATUS (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB We report here that it is possible to rear D. areolatus on irradiated A. suspensa larvae without adversely affecting sex ratio and overall parasitoid emergence and with no adult A. suspense emergence. There was no difference in emergence of D. areolatus adults from irradiated versus non-irradiated hosts (72.4 +/- 1.9% vs. 73.0 +/- 1.9%), and no difference in sex ratio of parasitoids obtained from irradiated and non-irradiated hosts (50.0 +/- 1.6 and 47.0 +/- 1.4% female, respectively). The successful use of A. suspensa larval hosts can greatly ease the process of rearing, transporting, and releasing fruit fly parasitoids while eliminating the need to separate flies from parasitoids. Further improvements in the laboratory rearing process of D. areolatus, including irradiating late A. suspensa larvae at a lower dosage and irradiating A. suspensa as egg or early instars, are discussed. C1 [Palenchar, Jessica; McGovern, Robert] Univ Florida, Plant Med Program, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Holler, Tim; Moses-Rowley, Amy] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol Plant Protect & Quar, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Sivinski, John] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Palenchar, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Plant Med Program, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 535 EP 537 DI 10.1653/024.092.0401 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537JF UT WOS:000273108500001 ER PT J AU Duan, JJ Fuester, RW Wildonger, J Taylor, PB Barth, S Spichiger, SE AF Duan, J. J. Fuester, R. W. Wildonger, J. Taylor, P. B. Barth, S. Spichiger, S. E. TI PARASITOIDS ATTACKING THE EMERALD ASH BORER (COLEOPTERA: BUPRESTIDAE) IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Agrilus planipennis; parasitoid; Balcha indica; Eupelmus pini; biological control AB Field surveys of the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and associated parasitoids were conducted in Cranberry Township, PA from 11 Mar to 23 Oct 2008. Several species of parasitic Hymenoptera were collected from EAB-infested green ash trees or reared from late-instar EAB larvae, prepupae, and/or pupae. These included Balcha indica (Mani & Kaul), Eupelmus pini Taylor (Eupelmidae), Dolichomitus vitticrus Townes (Ichneumonidae), and 2 additional unidentified ichneumonids, Orthizema sp. Townes and Cubocephalus sp. Townes. Together, these parasitoids caused about 3.6% parasitism of EAB in the field. The most abundant species was B. indica accounting for 82% of all parasitoids recovered during our survey. Subsequent laboratory assays confirmed that B. indica and E. pini are solitary ectoparasitoids of EAB larvae, prepupae, and/or pupae. In addition, both B. indica and E. pini reproduce through thelytokous parthenogenesis; i.e., virgin females produce daughters. These parasitoids may be complementary to current classical biological control programs against EAB in North America, which have been focusing primarily on the introduction of exotic larval and egg parasitoids from China. C1 [Duan, J. J.; Fuester, R. W.; Wildonger, J.; Taylor, P. B.; Barth, S.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Spichiger, S. E.] Bur Plant Ind, Penn Dept Agr, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Duan, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM Jian.Duan@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 15 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 588 EP 592 DI 10.1653/024.092.0409 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537JF UT WOS:000273108500009 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Wright, SA Purcell, MF Brown, BT Pratt, PD Center, TD AF Gagne, Raymond J. Wright, Susan A. Purcell, Matthew F. Brown, Bradley T. Pratt, Paul D. Center, Ted D. TI DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF LOPHODIPLOSIS TRIFIDA, AN AUSTRALIAN GALL MIDGE (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) AND BIOCONTROL AGENT OF PAPERBARK IN FLORIDA, USA SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Melaleuca; biological control; bud gall; cecidomyiid ID MYRTACEAE AB Lophodiplosis trifida Gagne, an Australian gall midge on paperbark, Melaleuca quinqueneruia (Myrtaceae), is a recent release in southern Florida for the biological control of that host. The larval stage is described for the first time and compared to that of other Lophodiplosis spdcies. Photos of galls and illustrations of larvae are provided. Second and third instars of L. trifida are unusual among Cecidomyiidae for the lack of setae on most papillae. C1 [Gagne, Raymond J.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wright, Susan A.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Purcell, Matthew F.; Brown, Bradley T.] CSIRO Entomol, Australian Biol Control Lab, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Pratt, Paul D.; Center, Ted D.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, MRC-168,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM raymond.gagne@ars.usda.gov; susan.wright@ars.usda.gov; matthew.purcell@csiro.au; bradley.brown@csiro.au; paul.pratt@ars.usda.gov; ted.center@ars.usda.gov RI Purcell, Matthew/C-2098-2008 FU South Florida Water Management District FX We thank P. Malikul for making the slide preparations Scott D. Whittaker, SEM Laboratory Manager, Smithsonian Institution for assistance with the scanning electron microscope, Diana Marquez for electronically arranging the photos and drawings onto plates, and James A. Lollis and Elizabeth D. Mattison for assistance in collecting galls and larvae, and the South Florida Water Management District for financial support to this project. We are grateful also to Keith M. Harris, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom, David A. Nickle and Allen L. Norrbom, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, and 2 anonymous reviewers for critical comments on the manuscript. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.1653/024.092.0410 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537JF UT WOS:000273108500010 ER PT J AU Avery, PB Hunter, WB Hall, DG Jackson, MA Powell, CA Rogers, ME AF Avery, Pasco B. Hunter, Wayne B. Hall, David G. Jackson, Mark A. Powell, Charles A. Rogers, Michael E. TI DIAPHORINA CITRI (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) INFECTION AND DISSEMINATION OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS ISARIA FUMOSOROSEA (HYPOCREALES: CORDYCIPITACEAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE autodissemination; blastospores; Diaphorina citri; fungal development index; Isaria fumosorosea; Huanglongbing ID PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; ASIAN CITRUS; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; MICROBIAL CONTROL; ORCHARD SYSTEMS; LIQUID CULTURE; FLORIDA CITRUS; COLONIZATION; BLASTOSPORES AB The infectivity and horizontal transfer of Isaria fumosorosea Wize among Diaphorina citri Kuwayama was measured using a detached leaf bioassay in which blastospores were sprayed on citrus leaf sections or yellow plastic tags (artificial attractant surface). Four leaf sections or three leaf sections and one yellow tag were placed together in a Petri dish chamber. One to four of the leaf sections or the yellow tag was sprayed with I. fumosorosea (1.2 -1.7 x 10(3) blastospores/mm(2)). After treatments dried, a single adult psyllid was released into each chamber. Mortality due to I. fumosorosea for the adult psyllid was observed 4.9 +/- 0.21- 6.1 +/- 0.37 d following exposure to the pathogen. The rate of colonization by I. fumosorosea on adults in chambers with untreated leaf sections and one treated yellow tag was as effective in inducing mortality as in chambers with one treated leaf section at 8 days post application. Under high humidity, I. fumosorosea blastospores readily produced hyphae on the surface of leaves which was useful for determining if adults were responsible for transmission of the fungus. In chambers with a single treated leaf section, adults came into contact with blastospores and moved these around to the non-treated leaves. The same phenomenon, of psyllid infection and subsequent spreading of the fungus to non-treated leaves, was observed when psyllids were placed into chambers with a treated yellow tag. The use of I. fumosorosea inoculated yellow tags has potential as a psyllid dissemination technique for managing pest populations. C1 [Avery, Pasco B.; Powell, Charles A.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Hunter, Wayne B.; Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Subtrop Insect Res Unit, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Jackson, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rogers, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Avery, PB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. FU Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program (FCATP08: Control of Citrus Greening; Canker; Emerging Diseases FX We thank Matthew Hentz and Kathy Moulton for technical assistance in rearing and providing D. citri and Anna Sara Hill at the USDA, ARS, US Horticultural Research Laboratory for growing the citrus seedlings for this research project. Thanks to Phyllis Rundell and Eliza Duane at IRREC for assistance in the preparation of the spray trials and evaluation of the treatments. Statistical analysis assistance and suggestions by Dr. P. Stoffella at UF-IFAS-IRREC funded by the following grant: The Direct Grower Assistance: Development and Evaluation of Citrus Grower Psyllid Management Programs 2008 awarded by the Florida Citrus Advanced Technology Program (FCATP08: Control of Citrus Greening, Canker and Emerging Diseases NR 59 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 27 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 608 EP 618 DI 10.1653/024.092.0413 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537JF UT WOS:000273108500013 ER PT J AU Tomic-Carruthers, N AF Tomic-Carruthers, Nada TI REARING HYLOBIUS TRANSVERSOVITTATUS AND CYPHOCLEONUS ACHETES LARVAE ON ARTIFICIAL DIETS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; PURPLE-LOOSESTRIFE; ACHATES; GROWTH; WEEVIL C1 USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Tomic-Carruthers, N (reprint author), USDA APHIS PPQ CPHST, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 656 EP 657 DI 10.1653/024.092.0421 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537JF UT WOS:000273108500021 ER PT J AU Holler, TC Peebles, M Young, A Whiteman, L Olson, S Sivinski, J AF Holler, Timothy C. Peebles, Mark Young, Amy Whiteman, Lisa Olson, Shelley Sivinski, John TI EFFICACY OF THE SUTERRA BIOLURE INDIVIDUAL FEMALE FRUIT FLY ATTRACTANT PACKAGES VS. THE UNIPAK VERSION SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA C1 [Holler, Timothy C.; Olson, Shelley] USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Whiteman, Lisa] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Ft Pierce, FL 34982 USA. [Peebles, Mark; Young, Amy] USDA, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Medfly Sterile Release Facil, Sarasota, FL 34243 USA. [Sivinski, John] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Holler, TC (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 4 BP 667 EP 669 DI 10.1653/024.092.0425 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537JF UT WOS:000273108500025 ER PT J AU Kingsley, DH Calci, K Holliman, S Dancho, B Flick, G AF Kingsley, David H. Calci, Kevin Holliman, Sheila Dancho, Brooke Flick, George TI High Pressure Inactivation of HAV Within Oysters: Comparison of Shucked Oysters with Whole-In-Shell Meats SO FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HAV; High pressure; Shell oysters ID HEPATITIS-A VIRUS; HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE; NOROVIRUS; CALICIVIRUS; PERSISTENCE; ROTAVIRUS AB High pressure inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) within oysters bioaccumulated under simulated natural conditions to levels >10(5) PFU/oyster has been evaluated. Five minute treatments at 20 degrees C were administered at 350, 375, and 400 MegaPascals (MPa). Shucked and whole-in-shell oysters were directly compared to determine if there were any differences in inactivation levels. For whole-in-shell oysters and shucked oysters, average values obtained were 2.56 and 2.96 log(10) inactivation of HAV, respectively, after a 400-MPa treatment. Results indicate that there is no significant inactivation difference (P = 0.05) between inactivation for whole-in-shell oysters as compared to shucked oysters observed for all pressure treatments. This study indicates that commercial high pressure processing applied to whole-in-shell oysters will be capable of inactivating HAV pathogens. C1 [Kingsley, David H.; Dancho, Brooke] Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit,James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Calci, Kevin] US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Holliman, Sheila; Flick, George] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Kingsley, DH (reprint author), Delaware State Univ, USDA, ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit,James WW Baker Ctr, Dover, DE 19901 USA. EM david.kingsley@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1867-0334 J9 FOOD ENVIRON VIROL JI Food Environ. Virol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 3-4 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s12560-009-9018-5 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology; Virology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology; Virology GA 618JY UT WOS:000279350200004 ER PT J AU Allen, LH Peerson, JM AF Allen, Lindsay H. Peerson, Janet M. CA MMSSG TI Impact of multiple micronutrient versus iron-folic acid supplements on maternal anemia and micronutrient status in pregnancy SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Folic acid; iron; multiple micronutrients; pregnancy; supplements ID PRENATAL IRON; BIRTH-WEIGHT; VITAMIN-A; HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PERUVIAN WOMEN; DOUBLE-BLIND; RURAL NEPAL; ZINC; IMPROVES AB Background. Multiple micronutrient supplements could increase hemoglobin and improve micronutrient status of pregnant women more than iron supplements alone or iron with folic acid. Objective. To compare the effects of multiple micronutrients with those Of iron supplements alone or iron with folic acid, on hemoglobin and micronutrient status of pregnant women. Methods. Studies were identified in which pregnant women were randomized to treatment with multiple micronutrients, or with iron with or without folic acid A pooled analysis was conducted to compare the effects of these supplements on maternal hemoglobin, anemia, and micronutrient status Effect size was calculated for individual and combined studies, based on mean change from baseline to final measure in the group receiving iron, with or without folic acid, minus the mean change in the group, divided by the pooled standard deviation Of the two groups. The effect on the relative risk of anemia or iron deficiency was calculated as the probability of anemia or iron deficiency in the group receiving multiple micronutrients divided by the probability in the group receiving iron, with or without folic acid Results. Multiple micronutrient supplements had the same impact on hemoglobin and iron status indicators as iron with or without folic acid. There was no overall effect on serum retinol or zinc In the only study in which status of other micronutrients was analyzed, a high prevalence of multiple deficiencies persisted in the group receiving multiple micronutrients provided with daily recommended intakes of each nutrient. Conclusions. Multiple micronutrient supplements increased hemoglobin synthesis to the same extent as supplementation with iron with or without folic acid, although often they contained lower amounts of iron The amount Of supplemental iron and other nutrients that can enable pregnant women with micronutrient deficiencies to achieve adequate status remains to be determined. C1 [Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Peerson, Janet M.] Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Friis, Henrik/N-2047-2014 OI Friis, Henrik/0000-0002-2848-2940 FU University of California; UNICEF; United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition FX Support for this study came from the University of California, UNICEF, and the United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 5 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 SU S BP S527 EP S532 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 543RR UT WOS:000273596500007 PM 20120794 ER PT J AU Margetts, BM Fall, CHD Ronsmans, C Allen, LH Fisher, DJ AF Margetts, Barrie M. Fall, Caroline H. D. Ronsmans, Carine Allen, Lindsay H. Fisher, David J. CA MMSSG TI Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in low-income countries: Review of methods and characteristics of studies included in the meta-analyses SO FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; BIRTH-WEIGHT; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; COMMUNITY; DURATION; IMPACT; NEPAL; SIZE; IRON AB This paper reports on the methods and characteristics of 12 studies from developing countries included in a meta-analysis of the impact of antenatal supplements of multiple micronutrients compared with iron-folic acid on micronutrient status, maternal nutritional status, birth outcomes, and neonatal survival. C1 [Margetts, Barrie M.] Univ Southampton, Inst Human Nutr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. [Fall, Caroline H. D.; Fisher, David J.] Univ Southampton, MRC Epidemiol Resource Ctr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. [Ronsmans, Carine] London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. [Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Margetts, BM (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton Gen Hosp, Inst Human Nutr, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. RI Friis, Henrik/N-2047-2014 OI Friis, Henrik/0000-0002-2848-2940 FU UNICEF; United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) FX Support for this paper came from UNICEF and the United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT NUTRITION FOUNDATION PI BOSTON PA 150 HARRISON AVE, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0379-5721 J9 FOOD NUTR BULL JI Food Nutr. Bull. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 SU S BP S517 EP S526 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 543RR UT WOS:000273596500006 PM 20120793 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Chen, CT Wang, SY AF Wang, Chien Y. Chen, Chi-Tsun Wang, Shiow Y. TI Changes of flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity in blueberries after illumination with UV-C SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanins; Phenolics; Phytochemicals; Postharvest; Vaccinium corymbosum ID STRAWBERRY FRUIT; SCAVENGING CAPACITY; INDUCED RESISTANCE; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; DECAY; IRRADIATION; QUALITY; ACCUMULATION; RADIATION; PHENOLICS AB The levels of flavonoids in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were found to increase after illumination with UV-C. Phytochemicals affected included resveratrol, myricetin-3-arabinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-glucuronide, delphinidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-arabinoside, petunidin-3-galactoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-arabinoside. malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-arabinoside, and chlorogenic acid as analyzed by HPLC. Significantly higher antioxidant capacity was detected in fruit treated with 2.15, 4.30, or 6.45 kJ m(-2) compared to the control fruit. UV-C dosage of 0.43 kJ m(-2) also increased phenolics and anthocyanins, but to a lesser extent. The optimum doses of UV-C for enhancing phytochemical content in blueberries were 2.15 and 4.30 kJ m(-2). These data suggest that proper use of UV-C illumination is capable of modifying the phytochemical content of blueberries. Time course measurements of the effects of UV-C revealed that the strongest responses of fruit to UV-C treatment occurred instantly after the illumination and the effects diminished with time. Therefore, even though residual effects were evident following UV-C exposure, the best results were obtained immediately after the treatment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Chien Y.; Chen, Chi-Tsun] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wang, Shiow Y.] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Chienyi.Wang@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 117 IS 3 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.037 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 464AT UT WOS:000267477400008 ER PT J AU Mancino, L Todd, J Lin, BH AF Mancino, Lisa Todd, Jessica Lin, Biing-Hwan TI Separating what we eat from where: Measuring the effect of food away from home on diet quality SO FOOD POLICY LA English DT Article DE Food consumption; Food away from home; Obesity; Healthy Eating Index; Fixed effects ID ENERGY-INTAKE; US ADULTS; CONSUMPTION; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN AB Many argue that food away from home (FAFH) is a contributing factor to the obesity epidemic, showing that body mass index and consumption of FAFH are positively correlated. However, correlation analyses using a simple regression approach, such as the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), do not prove that FAFH Causes weight gain. We use a first-difference estimator to establish a causal relationship between FAFH and dietary intakes. Using dietary recall data from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, we find that FAFH does indeed increase caloric intake and reduce diet quality, but that the effect is smaller than if estimated using OLS. Thus, models based on associations are likely biased upward, as much as 25% by our estimates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mancino, Lisa; Todd, Jessica; Lin, Biing-Hwan] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Mancino, L (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St,N 4057, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM Lmancino@ers.usda.gov NR 18 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-9192 J9 FOOD POLICY JI Food Policy PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 6 BP 557 EP 562 DI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.09.003 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 527AE UT WOS:000272337300009 ER PT J AU Poole, TL Edrington, TS Brichta-Harhay, DM Carattoli, A Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Poole, Toni L. Edrington, Tom S. Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M. Carattoli, Alessandra Anderson, Robin Carl Nisbet, David J. TI Conjugative Transferability of the A/C Plasmids from Salmonella enterica Isolates That Possess or Lack bla(CMY) in the A/C Plasmid Backbone SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; UNITED-STATES; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; FOOD ANIMALS; DNA-SEQUENCE; DAIRY-CATTLE; NEWPORT; CMY-2 AB The objective of this study was to understand the conjugative transmissibility of resistance plasmids present in 205 Salmonella enterica isolates from bovine sources. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based replicon typing was used to type plasmid replicons. Conjugation experiments were preformed in triplicate at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C on solid medium. PCR mapping of the A/C transfer gene operon was done on 17 Salmonella Newport isolates that were only positive for A/C. Eighty-six percent (n = 177) of the Salmonella isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) with resistance to 3-12 antimicrobial agents. Of these, 82% (n = 146) were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and possessed a bla(CMY) gene. A/C was the predominant replicon detected, present in 90% (n = 160) of the MDR isolates. Twenty-three percent (n = 37) of the A/C-positive strains were positive for a second replicon. Replicons coresident with A/C included I1, N, B/O, HI1, and HI2. Only 31% (n = 54) of the MDR isolates produced transconjugants, and most of these donors carried multiple replicons. A/C cotransferred with B/O, N, and I1 at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C and with HI2 at 30 degrees C. Seven Salmonella Newport isolates that produced transconjugants possessed only the single A/C replicon and lacked bla(CMY). PCR mapping of the A/C transfer gene operon in ten Salmonella Newport isolates that carried bla(CMY) revealed a bla(CMY) inverted repeat element integrated between the traA and traC genes. These results suggest that A/C may have been a conjugative plasmid before the integration of bla(CMY) into the transfer gene operon. Additionally, transfer deficient A/C replicons may be mobilized in the presence of certain compatible conjugative plasmids. C1 [Poole, Toni L.; Edrington, Tom S.; Anderson, Robin Carl; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Brichta-Harhay, Dayna M.] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. [Carattoli, Alessandra] Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Poole, TL (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM toni.poole@ars.usda.gov OI Carattoli, Alessandra/0000-0002-6120-6526 FU National Cattlemen's Beef Association; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX This work was funded in part by beef producers and importers through their $1-per-head check-off and produced for the Cattlemen's Beef Board and state councils by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association. This work was also partially funded by routine work of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1185 EP 1194 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0316 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 528QW UT WOS:000272462700004 PM 19743926 ER PT J AU Dreyfuss, MS AF Dreyfuss, Moshe S. TI Is Norovirus a Foodborne or Pandemic Pathogen? An Analysis of the Transmission of Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis and the Roles of Food and Food Handlers SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; VIRUSES; INFECTIONS; WORKERS; DISEASE; JAPAN AB This study examined the association of norovirus with foodborne disease outbreaks linked to food handlers and foodborne outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with norovirus, in comparison to Salmonella foodborne gastroenteritis. Comparative analysis using chi(2)-tests showed no similarity between the outbreaks from norovirus and those from Salmonella. Odds ratios also showed a stronger similarity between the proportions of food handler-implicated norovirus outbreaks than from Salmonella-implicated outbreaks. An analysis of data found norovirus transmission to occur more frequently spread person-to-person, unlike Salmonella, but similar to influenza or rotavirus. Norovirus was also not shown to be associated with food consumption. The data collection tool that focuses on food handlers as a source of the virus may be better including the general human population. Such an enteric virus would be better understood through its similarity to the person-to-person transmission model resulting in pandemic spread. C1 [Dreyfuss, Moshe S.] Walden Univ, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Dreyfuss, MS (reprint author), Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, 901 D St SW,Room 309, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM moshe.dreyfuss@fsis.usda.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1219 EP 1228 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0320 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 528QW UT WOS:000272462700008 PM 19735199 ER PT J AU Lockhart, BR Gardiner, ES Leininger, TD Connor, KF Devall, MS Hamel, PB Hawkins, T Schiff, NM Wilson, AD AF Lockhart, Brian Roy Gardiner, Emile S. Leininger, Theodor D. Connor, Kristina F. Devall, Margaret S. Hamel, Paul B. Hawkins, Tracy Schiff, Nathan M. Wilson, A. Dan TI Linking stakeholder research needs and the Federal Data Quality Act: A case study of an endangered forest shrub in the southeastern United States SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Data Quality Act of 2001; Lindera melissifolia; Quality assurance; Quality control; Stakeholders; US Forest Service Research and Development ID SCIENCE/POLICY INTERFACE; SUSTAINABLE FUTURE; BUILDING BRIDGES; POLICY; COMMUNICATION; EUROPE AB The need for knowledge, ranging from development of new products or processes to the effects of specific actions on the environment, is greater now than at any point in the past. The greater need for research has generated stakeholder involvement in the research process. As a result, all facets of research, from planning through publication of results, are often scrutinized by stakeholders. While the basic nature of scientific inquiry has not changed, now more than ever the credibility of scientific results is based on thorough planning, peer reviews of experimental designs and analytical approaches, and assurance that data are of the highest quality. Public interest in the quality and accuracy of federal research rose to a level that resulted in the Data Quality Act of 2001. The Act required the establishment of guidelines for Federal research organizations and cooperators. We present a case study of the U. S. Forest Service's policies for research quality assurance and quality control. including developing quality assurance statements and plans, as applied to comprehensive research on the federally-listed, endangered forest shrub pondberry (Lindera melissifolia (Walt.) Blume). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lockhart, Brian Roy; Gardiner, Emile S.; Leininger, Theodor D.; Devall, Margaret S.; Hamel, Paul B.; Hawkins, Tracy; Schiff, Nathan M.; Wilson, A. Dan] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Connor, Kristina F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Lockhart, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM blockhart@fs.fed.us RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 69 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 539 EP 547 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.07.002 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 523IP UT WOS:000272066500001 ER PT J AU Winter, G McCaffrey, S Vogt, CA AF Winter, Greg McCaffrey, Sarah Vogt, Christine A. TI The role of community policies in defensible space compliance SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Wildfire; Homeowner practices; Defensible space; Vegetation management; Mandatory policy; Voluntary incentives ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; WILDFIRE THREATS; NEW-MEXICO; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSIBILITY; RESPONSES; HAZARD AB Recently enacted federal and state policies provide incentives, including financial assistance, for local jurisdictions to manage risks associated with wildland fire. This has led to an array of local-level policies designed to encourage homeowners to create fire-safe landscapes. This qualitative study collected data from focus group interviews with homeowners in three diverse communities and used the theory of reasoned action to interpret dimensions of local-level wildland fire policies that are associated with homeowner acceptance of or compliance with defensible space guidelines or regulations. Common factors emerged in two policy evaluation categories: acceptance and compliance. WUI homeowners are more accepting of policies that are seen as fair and part of a more comprehensive risk reduction strategy. Topics that shaped acceptance of voluntary versus mandatory approaches included perceived risk severity, views about the proper roles of government, and beliefs about alternatives to regulatory approaches (e.g. private insurance, education, ignition source reduction). Program characteristics that were found to be related to beliefs about defensible space and acceptance included provision of one-on-one expert consultation, direct mail communication modes, needs-based financial assistance, and enhanced yard waste disposal options. Homeowner compliance is related to the feasibility in terms of household costs and yard waste disposal options, neighborhood norms, competing land use objectives, insurance considerations. and whether or not the policy is mandatory. These findings led to a proposed conceptual model of vegetation management policy acceptance and compliance that local governments can use to develop or amend defensible space vegetation management policies to increase policy acceptance and compliance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Winter, Greg] Cornerstone Strategies Inc, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [McCaffrey, Sarah] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. [Vogt, Christine A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Community Agr Recreat & Resources Studies, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Winter, G (reprint author), Cornerstone Strategies Inc, 1618 Iron St, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. EM gregw@cstonestrategies.com NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 570 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.07.004 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 523IP UT WOS:000272066500005 ER PT J AU Becker, DR Larson, D Lowell, EC AF Becker, Dennis R. Larson, Debra Lowell, Eini C. TI Financial considerations of policy options to enhance biomass utilization for reducing wildfire hazards SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Biomass utilization; Forest policy; HCR Estimator; Financial analysis; Hazardous fuel reduction ID UNITED-STATES; ECONOMICS; PROGRAM AB The Harvest Cost-Revenue Estimator, a financial model, was used to examine the cost sensitivity of forest biomass harvesting scenarios to targeted policies designed to stimulate wildfire hazardous fuel reduction projects. The policies selected represent actual policies enacted by federal and state governments to provide incentive to biomass utilization and are aimed at addressing particular challenges in the production lifecycle of trees to final product. Policies were modeled to compare financial impacts on a per-acre project basis for three scenarios of harvest intensity in southwestern ponderosa pine stands classified as being at high risk of wildfire. This allowed for identification of key cost nodes and how particular policies might better allocate limited resources. Effects of limiting the size of trees harvested and access to biomass markets were also modeled. This analysis showed that the co-location of processing facilities that results in shorter distances traveled is the single most important strategy for reducing costs for all three scenarios modeled. Per acre subsidies and certified product premiums were the next highest ranked in providing economic incentive, followed by production tax credits and cost-share programs. Fuel surcharge waivers and transport tax credits provided the least gains. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Becker, Dennis R.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Larson, Debra] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Lowell, Eini C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Becker, DR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave N, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM drbecker@umn.edu RI Becker, Dennis/E-6249-2017 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 EI 1872-7050 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 628 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.08.007 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 523IP UT WOS:000272066500013 ER PT J AU Peterson, DW Dodson, EK Harrod, RJ AF Peterson, David W. Dodson, Erich K. Harrod, Richy J. TI Fertilization and Seeding Effects on Vegetative Cover After Wildfire in North-Central Washington State SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE postfire rehabilitation; erosion control; mulching; burned area emergency response; postfire forest management ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; PONDEROSA PINE; POSTFIRE RUNOFF; EROSION; FOREST; FIRE; USA; RAINFALL; IMPACTS AB Land surface treatments are often applied after severe wildfires to mitigate runoff and erosion threats. However, questions remain about treatment effectiveness, even as treatment costs continue to rise. We experimentally evaluated the effects of seeding and fertilization treatments on vegetative and total soil cover for two growing seasons after the Pot Peak wildfire in the eastern Cascade Mountains Without treatments. vegetative cover averaged 15% the first year and 27% the second year after wildfire. Fertilization significantly increased vascular plant cover and reduced bare soil area in both years, but differences between low and high fertilization levels were not significant. Fertilization also increased cryptogam cover. Seeding alone was generally ineffective; however, the combination of fertilization with a seed mixture containing the native forb, yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.). produced the highest vascular plant cover and lowest bare soil area. Our results suggest that fertilization may be more effective than seeding, probably providing a degree of protection from erosion, especially the second year after fire However, treatment effectiveness must be evaluated in context against costs and potential ecosystem impacts. FOR. SCI. 55(6):494-502. C1 [Peterson, David W.] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Peterson, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008 FU U S. Joint Fire Sciences [05-1-2-02]; US National Fire Plan FX We thank the many people who contributed their time and talents to field data collection for this project We thank Tim Max for his assistance with the statistical analysis. We gratefully acknowledge funding for this project from the U S. Joint Fire Sciences Program (Project 05-1-2-02) and the US National Fire Plan We thank Pat Cunningham and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this article. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 55 IS 6 BP 494 EP 502 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 531TG UT WOS:000272691000003 ER PT J AU Wilson, DS Anderson, PD Puettmann, KJ AF Wilson, Duncan S. Anderson, Paul D. Puettmann, Klaus J. TI Evaluating the consistency of understorey vegetation response to forest thinning through synthetic analysis of operational-scale experiments SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; COASTAL OREGON; MANAGEMENT EXPERIMENTS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; OLD-GROWTH; DENSITY; DISTURBANCE; HEMLOCK AB We attempted to extend the inference scope of several detailed songbird habitat restoration studies in western Oregon to the broader region through a reanalysis and synthesis of five large-scale management experiments. This previous work demonstrated the importance of understorey vegetation to songbird habitat. However, individual studies have shown conflicting results regarding how vegetation responds to restoration thinning. Understorey vegetation covers 4-6 years after thinning was strongly related to pre-treatment conditions (indexed by the unthinned control treatment). Baseline models that accounted for the pre-treatment conditions showed that herbaceous cover consistently, but only slightly, increased following thinning. Shrub cover, however, tended to decrease following thinning when the pre-treatment cover was > 30 per cent. Each study had limited replication and most had limited geographic and environmental conditions, leading to the inconsistent findings when analysed separately. The reanalysis approach allowed us to test the repeatability of specific finding and demonstrated the applicability of restoration thinning for enhancing habitat in western Oregon. C1 [Wilson, Duncan S.; Puettmann, Klaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Anderson, Paul D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Expt Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wilson, DS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM duncan.wilson@okstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service [07-CR-11061800-016] FX U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, agreement 07-CR-11061800-016. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PD DEC PY 2009 VL 82 IS 5 BP 583 EP 596 DI 10.1093/forestry/cpp029 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 534WU UT WOS:000272929000009 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Monaco, TA AF Jones, Thomas A. Monaco, Thomas A. TI A role for assisted evolution in designing native plant materials for domesticated landscapes SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; BROMUS-TECTORUM; INVASIVE-PLANT; RESTORATION; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; MODELS; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROEVOLUTION AB Developers of native plant propagation materials for wildland restoration may emphasize naturally occurring genetic patterns or, in contrast, the material's empirical performance in comparative field trials. We contend that both approaches have value and need not be mutually exclusive. Anthropogenic influences have pushed many ecosystems across ecological thresholds, to less desirable states, so that actively managing for "domesticated nature"-nature as modified, either intentionally or inadvertently, by humans - is more realistic and more likely to succeed than recreating the original ecosystem. Furthermore, when domesticated nature is the most reasonable objective, empirical performance, together with geographical origin, are plausible criteria for choosing restoration plant material. For altered ecosystems, we suggest that evolution should be assisted by the inclusion of plants that (1) reflect general historical evolutionary patterns, (2) are particularly suited to the modified environment, (3) are able to adapt to contemporary selection pressures, and (4) contribute to the restoration of ecosystem structure and function. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.; Monaco, Thomas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM thomas.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 7 IS 10 BP 541 EP 547 DI 10.1890/080028 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525VN UT WOS:000272245000017 ER PT J AU Leidner, A Pouyat, RV AF Leidner, Allison Pouyat, Richard V. TI Jumping into the policy puddle SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Leidner, Allison] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Leidner, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM leidner@umd.edu; rpouyat@fs.fed.us NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 7 IS 10 BP 555 EP 556 DI 10.1890/1540-9295-7.10.555 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 525VN UT WOS:000272245000019 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Gueidan, C Sink, S Johnston, PR Crous, PW Glenn, A Riley, R Zitomer, NC Colyer, P Waalwijk, C van der Lee, T Moretti, A Kang, S Kim, HS Geiser, DM Juba, JH Baayen, RP Cromey, MG Bithell, S Sutton, DA Skovgaard, K Ploetz, R Kistler, HC Elliott, M Davis, M Sarver, BAJ AF O'Donnell, Kerry Gueidan, Cecile Sink, Stacy Johnston, Peter R. Crous, Pedro W. Glenn, Anthony Riley, Ron Zitomer, Nicholas C. Colyer, Patrick Waalwijk, Cees van der Lee, Theo Moretti, Antonio Kang, Seogchan Kim, Hye-Seon Geiser, David M. Juba, Jean H. Baayen, Robert P. Cromey, Matthew G. Bithell, Sean Sutton, Deanna A. Skovgaard, Kerstin Ploetz, Randy Kistler, H. Corby Elliott, Monica Davis, Mike Sarver, Brice A. J. TI A two-locus DNA sequence database for typing plant and human pathogens within the Fusarium oxysporum species complex SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauvericin; EF-1 alpha; Enniatin; Fumonisin; Fusariosis; Genealogical discordance; IGS rDNA; Moniliformin; Mycotoxin; Phylogeny; Vascular wilt ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; F-SP CUBENSE; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; INTERGENIC SPACER REGION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; RIBOSOMAL DNA; FUNGUS FUSARIUM; DISCONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTION; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA AB We constructed a two-locus database, comprising partial translation elongation factor (EF-1 alpha) gene sequences and nearly full-length sequences of the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region (IGS rDNA) for 850 isolates spanning the phylogenetic breadth of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC). Of the 850 isolates typed, 101 EF-1 alpha, 203 IGS rDNA, and 256 two-locus sequence types (STs) were differentiated. Analysis of the combined dataset suggests that two-thirds of the STs might be associated with a single host plant. This analysis also revealed that the 26 STs associated with human mycoses were genetically diverse, including several which appear to be nosocomial in origin. A congruence analysis, comparing partial EF-1 alpha and IGS rDNA bootstrap consensus, identified a significant number of conflicting relationships dispersed throughout the bipartitions, suggesting that some of the IGS rDNA sequences may be non-orthologous. We also evaluated enniatin, fumonisin and moniliformin mycotoxin production in vitro within a phylogenetic framework. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry; Sink, Stacy] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Gueidan, Cecile; Crous, Pedro W.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Johnston, Peter R.] Landcare Res, Auckland, New Zealand. [Glenn, Anthony; Riley, Ron; Zitomer, Nicholas C.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Colyer, Patrick] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Bossier City, LA 71040 USA. [Waalwijk, Cees; van der Lee, Theo] Wageningen Univ & Res, NL-6700 Wageningen, Netherlands. [Moretti, Antonio] CNR, Natl Res Council, ISPA Inst Sci Food Prod, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Kang, Seogchan; Kim, Hye-Seon; Geiser, David M.; Juba, Jean H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Baayen, Robert P.] Minist Agr Nat & Food Qual, NL-2500 EK The Hague, Netherlands. [Cromey, Matthew G.; Bithell, Sean] Crop & Food Res, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Sutton, Deanna A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Skovgaard, Kerstin] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Ploetz, Randy] Univ Florida, Homestead, FL USA. [Kistler, H. Corby] ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Elliott, Monica] Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33301 USA. [Davis, Mike] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sarver, Brice A. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov RI Bithell, Sean/A-1214-2012; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Waalwijk, Cees/B-2522-2013; vanderlee, Theo/J-7296-2013; Gueidan, Cecile/C-8803-2014; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013; OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; Moretti, Antonio/0000-0002-5232-6972; skovgaard, kerstin/0000-0001-5663-4879 NR 100 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 5 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 46 IS 12 BP 936 EP 948 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2009.08.006 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 520CQ UT WOS:000271818000006 PM 19715767 ER PT J AU Willis, LM Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Willis, Lauren Meredith Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. TI Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids improve cholinergic transmission in the aged brain SO GENES AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Acetylcholine; Aging; Cholinergic; Essential fatty acids ID MEMBRANE-BOUND ENZYMES; HIGH-ALPHA-LINOLENATE; SENESCENCE-ACCELERATED MOUSE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; LEARNING-ABILITY; RAT-BRAIN; HIGH-LINOLEATE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; LIPID-COMPOSITION AB The cholinergic theory of aging states that dysfunction of cholinergic neurons arising from the basal forebrain and terminating in the cortex and hippocampus may be involved in the cognitive decline that occurs during aging and Alzheimer's disease. Despite years of research, pharmacological interventions to treat or forestall the development of Alzheimer's disease have primarily focused on enhancing cholinergic transmission, either through increasing acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis or inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme responsible for ACh hydrolysis. However, recent studies have indicated that dietary supplementation can impact the cholinergic system, particularly during aging. The purpose of the present review is to examine the relevant research suggesting that cholinergic functioning may be maintained during aging via consuming a diet containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The data reviewed herein indicate that, at least in animal studies, inclusion of PUFAs in the diet can improve cholinergic transmission in the brain, possibly leading to improvements in cognitive functioning. C1 [Willis, Lauren Meredith; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, ARS, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM lauren.meredith.willis@gmail.com; james.joseph@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1555-8932 J9 GENES NUTR JI Genes Nutr. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s12263-009-0141-6 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 518DK UT WOS:000271670300008 PM 19727886 ER PT J AU Carles, CC Fletcher, JC AF Carles, Cristel C. Fletcher, Jennifer C. TI The SAND domain protein ULTRAPETALA1 acts as a trithorax group factor to regulate cell fate in plants SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Stem cell; epigenetics; chromatin; trithorax group; Polycomb group; gene activation ID POLYCOMB-GROUP PROTEINS; FLORAL MERISTEM; CONTROLS SHOOT; ARABIDOPSIS; GENES; TRIMETHYLATION; TRANSCRIPTION; MAINTENANCE; COACTIVATOR; EXPRESSION AB During development, trithorax group (trxG) chromatin remodeling complexes counteract repression by Polycomb group (PcG) complexes to sustain active expression of key regulatory genes. Although PcG complexes are well characterized in plants, little is known about trxG activities. Here we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis SAND (Sp100, AIRE-1, NucP41/75, DEAF-1) domain protein ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) functions as a trxG factor that counteracts the PcG-repressive activity of CURLY LEAF. In floral stem cells, ULT1 protein associates directly with the master homeotic locus AGAMOUS, inducing its expression by regulating its histone methylation status. Our analysis introduces a novel mechanism that mediates epigenetic switches controlling post-embryonic stem cell fates in plants. C1 [Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [IBN-0110667] FX We thank Chris Day, Justin Goodrich, Bassem Al Sady, Zoya Avramova, Ivan Ndamukong, and Ian Small for materials and constructs. We are grateful to Daniel Schubert and Justin Goodrich for communicating primer sequences, Elisa Fiume and Erin Osborne for assistance with phenotypic analysis, and Sasha Preuss for insights about the ChIP procedure. We thank Renee Sung, Sheila McCormick, Sarah Hake, Vincent Colot, Francxois Roudier, Robert Blanvillain, and members of the Fletcher laboratory for critical reading of the manuscript. We acknowledge Syngenta, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center for providing clones and insertion lines. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (IBN-0110667). NR 35 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 23 BP 2723 EP 2728 DI 10.1101/gad.1812609 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 526HU UT WOS:000272279600006 PM 19952107 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Johnson, ET AF Dowd, Patrick F. Johnson, Eric T. TI Differential resistance of switchgrass Panicum virgatum L. lines to fall armyworms Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Chitinase; Gene sequence; Insect resistance; Panicum virgatum; Peroxidase; Spodoptera frugiperda ID ANIONIC PEROXIDASE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MAIZE; POPULATIONS; CORN; CHITINASE; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; ENZYMES AB Six cultivars of switchgrass Panicum virgatum L., a plant native to North America that has potential as a bioenergy source, were evaluated for resistance to feeding by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Although no mortality was noted, seedlings of the cultivar 'Trailblazer' and older plants of the cultivar 'Blackwell' were among the most resistant to feeding by S. frugiperda. Some field-collected samples from natural habitat were fed upon by S. frugiperda as readily as were the cultivars, while others caused high mortality after 2 days. Enzyme assays indicated relative differences in expression of two peroxidases thought to be involved in insect resistance in maize, but not in two chitinolytic enzymes. Genomic searches based on maize-sequence templates for the aforementioned genes identified homologs in switchgrass. Sequencing of cDNA coding for these genes identified some differences, especially in the cationic peroxidase, which could influence relative activity. These results indicate switchgrass germplasm has varying resistance to fall armyworms which could be a function of gene sequence diversity, as well as of variation in gene expression due to differences in ploidy levels or other factors. C1 [Dowd, Patrick F.; Johnson, Eric T.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Patrick.Dowd@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 NR 58 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 EI 1573-5109 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1077 EP 1089 DI 10.1007/s10722-009-9430-6 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 524BY UT WOS:000272120000005 ER PT J AU Jansky, S Hamernik, A AF Jansky, Shelley Hamernik, Andy TI The introgression of 2x 1EBN Solanum species into the cultivated potato using Solanum verrucosum as a bridge SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bridge cross; Endosperm balance number; Interspecific hybridization; Potato; Solanum; Unilateral incompatibility ID LATE-BLIGHT; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; TAXONOMIC PREDICTIVITY; DOUBLE POLLINATION; NICOTIANA-REPANDA; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; SECTION PETOTA; WILD RELATIVES; RESISTANCE; TUBEROSUM AB Wild diploid Solanum species with an endosperm balance number (EBN) of one are a rich source of disease resistance, pest resistance, and tuber quality traits. They are not sexually compatible with 4x 4EBN or 2x 2EBN forms of the cultivated potato. In this study, the wild 2x 2EBN Mexican species S. verrucosum (ver) was used as a bridge species to access 2x 1EBN germplasm. Hybrids (V1) were created between ver as a female parent and the 1EBN species S. cardiophyllum, S. chancayense, S. commersonii, and S. trifidum. Most of the V1 hybrids were successfully crossed as females to cultivated 2x 2EBN clones. However, due to stylar barriers, reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. Additional studies are underway to determine the effectiveness of ver as a bridge to introgress specific traits from 2x 1EBN germplasm into the cultivated potato. C1 [Jansky, Shelley; Hamernik, Andy] Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Madison, WI USA. [Jansky, Shelley] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA, ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI USA. EM shelley.jansky@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.1007/s10722-009-9433-3 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 524BY UT WOS:000272120000007 ER PT J AU Lee, S Costanzo, S Jia, YL Olsen, KM Caicedo, AL AF Lee, Seonghee Costanzo, Stefano Jia, Yulin Olsen, Kenneth M. Caicedo, Ana L. TI Evolutionary Dynamics of the Genomic Region Around the Blast Resistance Gene Pi-ta in AA Genome Oryza Species SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RICE BLAST; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; MAGNAPORTHE-ORYZAE; WILD-RICE; CULTIVATED RICE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; RUFIPOGON AB The race-specific resistance gene Pi-ta has been effectively used to control blast. disease, one of the most destructive plant diseases worldwide. A single I amino acid change at. the 918 position of the Pi-ta protein was known to determine resistance specificity. To understand the evolutionary dynamics present, we examined sequences of the Pi-ta locus and its flanking regions in 159 accessions composed of seven AA genome Oryza species: O. sativa, O. rufipogon, O. nivara, O. meridionalis, O.glaberrima, O. barthii, and O. glumaepatula. A 3364-bp fragment encoding a predicted transposon was found in the proximity of the Pi-ta promoter region associated with the resistance phenotype. Haplotype network analysis with 33 newly identified Pi-ta haplotypes and 18 newly identified Pi-ta protein variants demonstrated the evolutionary relationships of Pi-ta haplotypes between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. In O. rufipogon, the recent directional selection was found in the Pi-la region, while significant deviation front neutral evolution Was not found in all O. sativa groups. Results of sequence variation in flanking regions around Pi-ta in O. sativa suggest that the size of the resistant Pi-ta introgressed block was M least 5.4 Mb in all elite resistant cultivars but not in the cultivars without Pi-la. These findings demonstrate that the Pi-ta region with transposon and additional plant. modifiers has evolved under an extensive selection pressure during crop breeding. C1 [Lee, Seonghee; Costanzo, Stefano; Jia, Yulin] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Lee, Seonghee] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Olsen, Kenneth M.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Caicedo, Ana L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [0638820] FX The authors thank Briana Gross (Washington University), Michael Reagon (University of Massachusetts), David Gealy, and Anna McClung for extensive support throughout the research. We are also grateful to all members of the Molecular Plant Pathology lab and other staff members at the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center for their technical assistance (http://ars.usda.gov/spa/dbnrrc/mpp). This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0638820. NR 54 TC 27 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU GENETICS SOC AM PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 2009 VL 183 IS 4 BP 1315 EP 1325 DI 10.1534/genetics.109.108266 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 528HV UT WOS:000272435000011 PM 19822730 ER PT J AU Garcia, S Garnatje, T Pellicer, J McArthur, ED Siljak-Yakovlev, S Valles, J AF Garcia, Sonia Garnatje, Teresa Pellicer, Jaume McArthur, E. Durant Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja Valles, Joan TI Ribosomal DNA, heterochromatin, and correlation with genome size in diploid and polyploid North American endemic sagebrushes (Artemisia, Asteraceae) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE allopolyploidy; Arabidopsis-type telomere; autopolyploidy; Compositae; chromomycin; DAPI; FISH; fluorochrome banding; genome organization; Tridentatae ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RNA GENES; SUBGENUS TRIDENTATAE; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS; SECTION TRIDENTATAE; SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; FLOWERING PLANTS; GENUS ARTEMISIA AB Subgenus Tridentatae (Artemisia, Asteraceae) can be considered a polyploid complex. Both polyploidy and hybridization have been documented in the Tridentatae. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and fluorochrome banding were used to detect and analyze ribosomal DNA changes linked to polyploidization in this group by studying four diploid-polyploid species pairs. In addition, genome sizes and heterochromatin patterns were compared between these populations. The linked 5S and 35S rRNA genes are confirmed as characteristic for Artemisia, and a pattern at the diploid level of three rDNA loci located at telomeric positions proved to be typical. Loss of rDNA loci was observed in some polyploids, whereas others showed additivity with respect to their diploid relatives. Genome downsizing was observed in all polyploids. Banding patterns differed depending on the pair of species analysed, but some polyploid populations showed an increased number of heterochromatic bands. FISH and fluorochrome banding were useful in determining the systematic position of Artemisia bigelovii, for which a differential pattern was found as compared with the rest of the group. Additionally, FISH was used to detect the presence of the Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat for the first time in Artemisia. C1 [Garcia, Sonia; Garnatje, Teresa] CSIC ICUB, Inst Bot, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain. [McArthur, E. Durant] US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Pellicer, Jaume; Valles, Joan] Univ Barcelona, Fac Farm, Lab Bot, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8079, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Garcia, S (reprint author), CSIC ICUB, Inst Bot, Passeig Migdia S-N, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain. EM soniagarcia@ibb.csic.es RI Valles, Joan/B-4165-2013; Garcia, Sonia /M-7460-2013; Garnatje, Teresa/L-3028-2014; Pellicer, Jaume/L-3048-2015 OI Garcia, Sonia /0000-0002-3143-0527; Pellicer, Jaume/0000-0001-7632-9775 FU Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); Spanish government [GL2007-64839-C02-01/BOS, CGL2007-64839-C02-02/BOS] FX The authors thank Odile Robin (Ecologic, Systematique et Evolution, Universite de Paris-Sud) and Dr. Stewart C. Sanderson (USDA Forest Service, Shrub Sciences Laboratory) for technical support. Acknowledgements are given to Dr. Ales Kovarik (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno) and the late Dr. Yoong K. Lim (Queen Mary, University of London) for their suggestions to improve the manuscript and their help in different aspects. The associate editor of Genome, Dr. Trude Schwarzacher, and an anonymous reviewer are also acknowledged, as their suggestions and comments helped improve a previous version of the manuscript. S.G. benefited from a JAE-Doc contract of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and J.P. received a predoctoral grant (Programa de Formacion de Personal Investigador) from the Spanish government. This work was supported by projects CGL2007-64839-C02-01/BOS and CGL2007-64839-C02-02/BOS of the Spanish government. NR 91 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD DEC PY 2009 VL 52 IS 12 BP 1012 EP 1024 DI 10.1139/G09-077 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 545GV UT WOS:000273721400005 PM 19953129 ER PT J AU Yuan, WP Luo, YQ Richardson, AD Oren, R Luyssaert, S Janssens, IA Ceulemans, R Zhou, XH Grunwald, T Aubinet, M Berhofer, C Baldocchi, DD Chen, JQ Dunn, AL Deforest, JL Dragoni, D Goldstein, AH Moors, E Munger, JW Monson, RK Suyker, AE Star, G Scott, RL Tenhunen, J Verma, SB Vesala, T Wofsy, SC AF Yuan, Wenping Luo, Yiqi Richardson, Andrew D. Oren, Ram Luyssaert, Sebastiaan Janssens, Ivan A. Ceulemans, Reinhart Zhou, Xuhui Gruenwald, Thomas Aubinet, Marc Berhofer, Christian Baldocchi, Dennis D. Chen, Jiquan Dunn, Allison L. Deforest, Jared L. Dragoni, Danilo Goldstein, Allen H. Moors, Eddy Munger, J. William Monson, Russell K. Suyker, Andrew E. Star, Gregory Scott, Russell L. Tenhunen, John Verma, Shashi B. Vesala, Timo Wofsy, Steven C. TI Latitudinal patterns of magnitude and interannual variability in net ecosystem exchange regulated by biological and environmental variables SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem respiration; eddy covariance; gross primary production; interannual variability; latitudinal pattern; net ecosystem exchange ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; NORTHERN TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LONG-TERM MEASUREMENTS; PLANT FUNCTIONAL-TYPE; EDDY COVARIANCE DATA; DECIDUOUS FOREST; EUROPEAN FORESTS; CO2 EXCHANGE AB Over the last two and half decades, strong evidence showed that the terrestrial ecosystems are acting as a net sink for atmospheric carbon. However the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in the sink are not well known. In this study, we examined latitudinal patterns of interannual variability (IAV) in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 based on 163 site-years of eddy covariance data, from 39 northern-hemisphere research sites located at latitudes ranging from similar to 29 degrees N to similar to 64 degrees N. We computed the standard deviation of annual NEE integrals at individual sites to represent absolute interannual variability (AIAV), and the corresponding coefficient of variation as a measure of relative interannual variability (RIAV). Our results showed decreased trends of annual NEE with increasing latitude for both deciduous broadleaf forests and evergreen needleleaf forests. Gross primary production (GPP) explained a significant proportion of the spatial variation of NEE across evergreen needleleaf forests, whereas, across deciduous broadleaf forests, it is ecosystem respiration (Re). In addition, AIAV in GPP and Re increased significantly with latitude in deciduous broadleaf forests, but AIAV in GPP decreased significantly with latitude in evergreen needleleaf forests. Furthermore, RIAV in NEE, GPP, and Re appeared to increase significantly with latitude in deciduous broadleaf forests, but not in evergreen needleleaf forests. Correlation analyses showed air temperature was the primary environmental factor that determined RIAV of NEE in deciduous broadleaf forest across the North American sites, and none of the chosen climatic factors could explain RIAV of NEE in evergreen needleleaf forests. Mean annual NEE significantly increased with latitude in grasslands. Precipitation was dominant environmental factor for the spatial variation of magnitude and IAV in GPP and Re in grasslands. C1 [Yuan, Wenping; Luo, Yiqi; Zhou, Xuhui] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Luyssaert, Sebastiaan; Janssens, Ivan A.; Ceulemans, Reinhart] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biol, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. [Gruenwald, Thomas; Berhofer, Christian] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrol & Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. [Aubinet, Marc] Fac Sci Agron Etat Gembloux, Unite Phys, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. [Baldocchi, Dennis D.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Dunn, Allison L.] Worcester State Coll, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Worcester, MA 01602 USA. [Deforest, Jared L.] Ohio Univ, Dept Environm & Plant Biol, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Moors, Eddy] Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Munger, J. William; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Suyker, Andrew E.; Verma, Shashi B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Star, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Tenhunen, John] Univ Bayreuth, Dept Plant Ecol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Vesala, Timo] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Yuan, WP (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM wenpingyuancn@yahoo.com RI Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Zhou, Xuhui/H-4332-2011; Ceulemans, Reinhart/F-2109-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Vesala, Timo/C-3795-2017; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; DeForest, Jared/E-5777-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/F-6684-2011; Moors, Eddy/J-5165-2012; Janssens, Ivan/P-1331-2014; OI Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Vesala, Timo/0000-0002-4852-7464; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Moors, Eddy/0000-0003-2309-2887; Janssens, Ivan/0000-0002-5705-1787; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/0000-0003-1121-1869 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0444518]; Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-FG03-99ER62800, DE-FG02-006ER64317, DE-AI02-07ER64355]; DOE-NICCR [DE-FG02-06ER64157] FX This research was financially supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) under DEB 0444518, and by the Terrestrial Carbon Program at the Office of Science, US Department of Energy, Grants No.: DE-FG03-99ER62800 and DE-FG02-006ER64317 to YL. Andrew D. Richardson was partially supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, under interagency agreement DE-AI02-07ER64355 and DOE-NICCR agreement DE-FG02-06ER64157 and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research. We acknowledge the work of principal investigators and collaborators in EC sites, who provided the eddy covariance flux measurements. NR 91 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 12 BP 2905 EP 2920 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01870.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 518RH UT WOS:000271710300009 ER PT J AU Contreras-Govea, FE Muck, RE Albrecht, KA AF Contreras-Govea, F. E. Muck, R. E. Albrecht, K. A. TI Yield, nutritive value and silage fermentation of kura clover-reed canarygrass and lucerne herbages in northern USA SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE kura clover; reed canarygrass; lucerne; in vitro digestibility; neutral-detergent fibre digestibility ID ALFALFA SILAGE; FORAGE YIELD; MIXTURES; GRASS; QUALITY AB Excellent winter hardiness, persistence and nutritive value of both kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) suggest that intercropping these species could substitute for lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). The dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of herbage, and silage characteristics of kura clover-reed canarygrass (KC-RCG) herbage, were compared to those of lucerne over two growth cycles near Arlington, WI, USA. First and second growths of lucerne and KC-RCG herbage were sampled four times at 1-week intervals and ensiled for 100 d. Yield of DM of the KC-RCG was 0 center dot 23-0 center dot 57 greater than that of lucerne on sampling dates in the first growth cycle, with no differences in DM yield in the second growth cycle. The pH of lucerne silage was lower than that of KC-RCG silage in the first growth, and the opposite occurred in second growth, which was attributed to maturity differences and the proportion of kura clover in the mixture. Lactate concentration was lower in KC-RCG than lucerne silages in both growth cycles. The lucerne and KC-RCG silages had similar in vitro DM digestibility except for the final sampling date in the first growth cycle when neutral-detergent fibre concentration of KC-RCG herbage exceeded 550 g kg-1 DM. Crude protein concentration was greater in lucerne silage than in KC-RCG silage in both growth cycles. Overall, differences in nutritive value and silage fermentation between the two herbages were minimal across growth cycles. These results suggest that a KC-RCG sward is a viable alternative to lucerne in northern environments of the USA where lucerne production may be limited by winter injury or edaphic factors. C1 [Contreras-Govea, F. E.; Albrecht, K. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Muck, R. E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Contreras-Govea, FE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr Artesia, 67 E 4 Dinkus Rd, Artesia, NM 88210 USA. EM fecontre@nmsu.edu FU University of Wisconsin [58-3655-4-135] FX The authors are grateful for assistance in statistical analysis from P. M. Crump, laboratory support from U. C. Hymes-Fecht, and sample grinding and preparation from E. Hong and S. Arnold. The study was funded by the University of Wisconsin United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-3655-4-135. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 374 EP 383 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00702.x PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 519QX UT WOS:000271783500004 ER PT J AU Soder, KJ Sanderson, MA Gregorini, P Orr, RJ Rubano, MD Rook, AJ AF Soder, K. J. Sanderson, M. A. Gregorini, P. Orr, R. J. Rubano, M. D. Rook, A. J. TI Relationship of bite mass of cattle to sward structure of four temperate grasses in short-term grazing sessions SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bite mass; cattle; grazing; short-term intake; sward structure ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS VARIETIES; DAIRY-COWS; INGESTIVE BEHAVIOR; PLANT STRUCTURE; HERBAGE INTAKE; BULK-DENSITY; INTAKE RATES; DIMENSIONS; PASTURE; HEIGHT AB The effect of sward structure of four temperate grass species on the bite mass of cattle was evaluated. Micro-swards (79 cm x 47 cm; approximately the area of a feeding station) of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould], meadow fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv] and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were offered to Holstein dairy cows in short-term grazing sessions in 2006 and 2007 using a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Cows were allowed to take fifty bites in each session. Bite mass was calculated by dividing the adjusted change in weight of the micro-sward by the number of bites. Sward surface height, bulk density and distribution of herbage dry matter (DM) in the canopy were measured pre- and post-grazing. Sward structure differed among the grass species within years but bite mass (on a fresh or DM basis) was not affected. Higher surface heights and bulk densities in 2006 compared with 2007 (averaged across grass species) resulted in greater bite masses of DM in 2006. Values were 25 center dot 7 cm vs. 17 center dot 0 cm for surface height; 1219 g m-3 vs. 926 g m-3 for bulk density; and 1 center dot 05 g DM bite-1 vs. 0 center dot 50 g DM bite-1 for 2006 and 2007 respectively. Within the context of this study, differences between years in bite mass, associated with greater changes in sward structure, were more important than differences among grass species. C1 [Soder, K. J.; Sanderson, M. A.; Gregorini, P.; Rubano, M. D.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Orr, R. J.; Rook, A. J.] N Wyke Res Stn, Okehampton, Devon, England. RP Soder, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kathy.soder@ars.usda.gov RI Orr, Robert/C-4454-2017; OI Orr, Robert/0000-0002-8865-6391; Gregorini, Pablo/0000-0002-7084-5223 FU UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Cooperative Research Fellowship Programme; USDA-Agricultural Research Service International Scientific Enhancement Programme FX The authors thank V. Ishler, N. Houck, T. Edwards, E. Scott, J. Everhart and R. Stout for their expertise and assistance in conducting this experiment. The authors also wish to acknowledge Drs H. T. Boland and G. E. Brink for their critical review, ideas and comments on the manuscript. Research was partially funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. K. Soder and M. Rubano received partial support from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Cooperative Research Fellowship Programme and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service International Scientific Enhancement Programme. NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 421 EP 431 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00710.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 519QX UT WOS:000271783500009 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG Belesky, DP AF Boyer, D. G. Belesky, D. P. TI Interactions of slope and canopy of herbage of three herbage species on transport of faecal indicator bacteria by rain splash SO GRASS AND FORAGE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rain splash; pathogen dispersal; manure; canopy structure; canopy management; slope ID COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; VERTICAL DISPERSAL; IMPACTING DROPS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WATER; CATTLE; WHEAT; CROP; SOIL; TRAJECTORIES AB The movement of faecal pathogens from land to surface and ground-water are of great interest because of the public and livestock health implications. Knowledge of canopy structure and how it might be managed to help mitigate nutrient and pathogen movement in pasture is needed to create management practices that balance livestock production with environmental benefits. An experiment was conducted using a rainfall-simulating device to test whether canopy structure of species common to pastures in Appalachia, USA could be managed to influence dispersion of faecal pathogens. Seven pots (30-cm diameter) of white clover, orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were lined up on horizontal and sloping surfaces under a rainfall simulator. The centre pot was inoculated at the soil surface with 4 x 1010 faecal coliform bacteria (FC) just before rainfall simulation started. The species were maintained under short, moderate and tall canopy management treatments. White clover exhibited the greatest rates of lateral and vertical dispersion of FC into the canopy, especially in the short canopy management treatment following 30 min of rainfall (about 40 mm). Low concentrations of faecal coliform bacteria also dispersed into the canopies of the grass species but the differences in concentration of FC between the grass species were not different. When the proportion of white clover in a pasture is high, the canopy should be relatively taller to reduce the likelihood of infection associated with faecal coliform-contaminated herbage. C1 [Boyer, D. G.; Belesky, D. P.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM doug.boyer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; 205 Rangeland, Pasture and Forages National Programme of the USDA-ARS; USDA-ARS FX This is a contribution of the USDA - Agricultural Research Service; trade and company names are used for the benefit of readers and do not imply endorsement by the USDA. This research was supported by the 205 Rangeland, Pasture and Forages National Programme of the USDA-ARS. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Laura Cooper, Derek Hall and Matt Huffman. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0142-5242 J9 GRASS FORAGE SCI JI Grass Forage Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 4 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2009.00708.x PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 519QX UT WOS:000271783500010 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF Rajasekaran, K Kelley, RY Islam-Faridi, N AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. Rajasekaran, Kanniah Kelley, Rowena Y. Islam-Faridi, Nurul TI Induced Polyploidy in Diploid Ornamental Ginger (Hedychium muluense R. M. Smith) Using Colchicine and Oryzalin SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ornamental ginger; flow cytometry; chromosome count; chloroplast frequency; stomatal frequency; stomatal length ID IN-VITRO INDUCTION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PLOIDY LEVEL; DINITROANILINE HERBICIDE; STOMATAL FREQUENCY; GUARD-CELLS; SIZE; INVITRO; PLANT; TETRAPLOIDS AB The ploidy level of H. muluense, a diploid (2n = 2x = 34) and dwarf ornamental ginger species, has been determined and is reported for the first time. Oryzalin and colchicine were successfully used to induce polyploidy in Hedychium muluense in vitro. Embryogenic cell lines were treated with oryzalin (30, 60, or 120 mu M) and colchicine (2.5, 5, or 10 mM) for 24, 48, or 72 h. The control contained no antimitotic agent. Flow cytometry, chloroplast count, and stomatal frequency were more effective and reliable than stomatal length as methods for assessing ploidy. Overall, oryzalin was more effective than colchicine in inducing polyploidy. The highest induction frequency (15%) of tetraploidy was achieved when embryogenic callus was exposed to 60 mu M oryzalin for 72 h. For colchicine, exposure of embryogenic callus to the 2.5 mm colchicine for 24 h was the most effective in creating tetraploid (13%) plants. C1 [Sakhanokho, Hamidou F.] ARS, USDA, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Rajasekaran, Kanniah] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Kelley, Rowena Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Islam-Faridi, Nurul] Texas A&M Univ, So Inst Forest Genet, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv,Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sakhanokho, HF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 810 Hwy 26 W,POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Hamidou.Sakhanokho@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1809 EP 1814 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600001 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Krause, C AF Altland, James E. Krause, Charles TI Use of Switchgrass as a Nursery Container Substrate SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alternative substrate; potting mix; soilless medium; rose; Panicum virgatum ID PINE; FERTILIZER; GROWTH; COMPOST; CROPS AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) bark is the primary component of nursery container substrates in the eastern United States. Shortages in pine bark prompted investigation of alternative substrates. The objective of this research was to determine if ground switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) could be used for short production-cycle woody crops. Two experiments were conducted using 'Paprika' rose (Rosa L. 'ChewMayTime') potted in 15-cm tall and wide containers. In Expt. 1, substrates were composed of coarse-milled switchgrass (processed in a hammermill with 1.25- and 2.5-cm screens) amended with 0%, 30%, or 50% peatmoss and fertilized with 100, 250, or 400 mg.L(-1) nitrogen (N) from ammonium nitrate. In Expt. 2, substrates were composed of coarse-milled (similar to Expt. 1) or fine-milled switchgrass (processed through a single 0.48-cm screen), amended with 0% or 30% peatmoss, and fertilized with the same N rates as in Expt. 1. Summarizing across both experiments, coarse switchgrass alone had big air space and low container capacity. Fine switchgrass had physical properties more consistent with what is considered normal for nursery container substrates. Switchgrass pH was generally high and poorly buffered against change. Fine switchgrass had higher pH than coarse switchgrass. Tissue analysis of rose grown in switchgrass substrate for 7 to 9 weeks revealed low to moderate levels of calcium and iron, but all other nutrients were within acceptable ranges. Despite varying substrate physical properties and pH levels, all roses at the conclusion of the experiment were of high quality. Switchgrass processed to an appropriate particle size and amended with typical nursery materials should provide a suitable substrate for short production-cycle woody crops. C1 [Altland, James E.; Krause, Charles] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 208 Ag Eng Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM James.Altland@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 14 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1861 EP 1865 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600010 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Lombardini, L Heerema, RJ AF Wood, Bruce W. Lombardini, Leonardo Heerema, Richard J. TI Influence of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine on Pecan Fruit Retention SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AVG; growth regulators; fruit-drop; abortion; alternate bearing; flowering; irregular bearing; profit; production; pruning; quality; yield ID PREHARVEST DROP; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; MCINTOSH APPLES; AVG; PEACH; QUALITY; MATURATION; FIRMNESS; ABORTION; GROWTH AB Insufficient fruit retention limits profitability of certain pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars. The present study examined efficacy of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (formulated as ReTain (R); Valent BioSciences, Libertyville, IL), a natural ethylene inhibitor, for increasing crop-load through increased fruit retention in pecan trees grown at three distinct locations within the U.S. pecan belt. Several years of field studies found that timely postpollination ReTain (R) sprays [132 mg.L(-1) a.i. (11.7 oz./acre)] to canopies could increase fruit retention of 'Desirable' and increase crop yield by 16% to 38% in trees carrying a "moderate to heavy" crop. ReTain (R) did not detectably increase fruit retention on trees carrying a "light" crop-load. The ReTain (R)-associated increase in yield of "heavy" crop-load trees did not necessarily decrease subsequent year yield. ReTain (R) appears to offer commercial potential as a crop-load management tool for 'Desirable' through regulation of Stage II drop (i.e., June-drop), but may not be efficacious for all cultivars. C1 [Wood, Bruce W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Lombardini, Leonardo] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Heerema, Richard J.] New Mexico State Univ, Extens Plant Sci Dept, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM bruce.wood@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1884 EP 1889 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600014 ER PT J AU Ledbetter, CA Rogers, EE AF Ledbetter, Craig A. Rogers, Elizabeth E. TI Differential Susceptibility of Prunus Germplasm (Subgenus Amygdalus) to a California Isolate of Xylella fastidiosa SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE almond; hybrid; peach; rootstock; titer ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; AXENIC CULTURE; PHONY DISEASE; CAUSAL AGENT; ALMOND; PEACH; PATHOGENICITY; STRAINS; HYBRID; SCALD AB Seedling peach (Prunus persica Batsch) and clonal peach-almond hybrids are popular rootstock choices for commercial almond growers in California. In this study, clonal replicates of peach and almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] rootstock germplasm and a first-generation peach-almond hybrid created from them were challenged with Xylella fastidiosa isolate M23. Clonal replicates were needle-inoculated with M23 and maintained in a greenhouse environment for a growing season. Typical almond leaf scorch disease symptoms began to develop on M23-inoculated almonds I I weeks after inoculation. No leaf scorch symptoms were observed on M23-inoculated peach or peach-almond hybrids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed consistent levels of X. fastidiosa DNA among inoculated almond replicates, whereas X.fastidiosa DNA was undetectable in replicates of peach-almond hybrids. A trace level of X. fastidiosa DNA was detected in a single peach replicate, and statistical analysis demonstrated that this level differed significantly (P < 0.001) from that detected in almond replicates. Selected almonds were further sampled sequentially along their meristematic axes to examine bacterial titer throughout the trees. Selected almond trees differed significantly (P = 0.036) in bacterial titer, but no significant differences were noted in levels of X fastidiosa from different vertical sections of the main growth axes. The results suggest that peach and peach-almond hybrid rootstock germplasm used by commercial almond tree nurseries in California are not primary inoculum sources for X. fastidiosa-induced diseases. C1 [Ledbetter, Craig A.; Rogers, Elizabeth E.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM Craig.Ledbetter@ars.usda.gov RI Rogers, Elizabeth/D-2087-2009 OI Rogers, Elizabeth/0000-0002-0545-4744 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1928 EP 1931 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600021 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Nagel, AK Schnabel, G AF Nyczepir, Andrew P. Nagel, Alexis K. Schnabel, Guido TI Host Status of Three Transgenic Plum Lines to Mesocriconema xenoplax SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gastrodia elata; GAFP; peach tree short life; Prunus domestica; ring nematode; rootstock ID NEMATODE CRICONEMELLA-XENOPLAX; GASTRODIA ANTIFUNGAL PROTEIN; CONFERS DISEASE RESISTANCE; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GUARDIAN PEACH ROOTSTOCK; SHORT LIFE; PRUNUS; POPULATION; LONGEVITY; TOBACCO AB The expression of gastrodianin antifungal protein (GAFP) in a form of its VNF isoform increases tolerance to Phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) and the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in transgenic plum lines. However, nothing is known about the potential of the GAFP lectin to confer disease resistance to the ring nematode, Mesocriconema xenoplax, in plum. Three transgenic plum lines (4I, 4J, and 5D) expressing gafp-1 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter sequence were evaluated for their response to M. xenoplax in the greenhouse. All plum lines were rated as hosts of M. xenoplax. Among the individual plum lines tested, the number of M. xenoplax per gram of dry roots was lowest in the rhizosphere of transgenic line 5D, intermediate in that of the nontransformed control line, and greatest in line 4J. The results of this study indicate that the comparisons of the final soil densities (Pf) of adult and juvenile M. xenoplax expressed as nematodes per gram of dry roots provide a better measure of the nematode carrying capacity by the tested lines than Pf values referred to as number of M. xenoplax/100 cm(3) soil. C1 [Nyczepir, Andrew P.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Nagel, Alexis K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Schnabel, Guido] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM Andy.Nyczepir@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1932 EP 1935 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600022 ER PT J AU Kou, LP Luo, YG Ding, W Liu, XH Conway, W AF Kou, Liping Luo, Yaguang Ding, Wu Liu, Xinghua Conway, William TI Hot Water Treatment in Combination with Rachis Removal and Modified Atmosphere Packaging Maintains Quality of Table Grapes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hot water; microbial growth; sensory; chlorine; packaging; table grapes; sulfur dioxide ID FRESH-CUT CANTALOUPE; POSTHARVEST HEAT-TREATMENTS; MILD HEAT; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; PRODUCT QUALITY; ROMAINE LETTUCE; SHELF-LIFE; CALCIUM; STORAGE; APPLES AB Alternatives to sulfur dioxide to maintain quality of table grapes, including various combinations of rachis removal, chlorinated wash, hot water treatment, and modified atmosphere packaging, were explored in this study. Grapes were prepared by cutting off the rachis 1 to 2 mm from the fruit or by keeping the clusters intact. After initial preparation, short-stem and cluster grapes were subjected to chlorinated wash and/or hot water (45 degrees C, 8 min) treatment and packaged in plastic trays sealed with a gas-permeable film. The treated grapes as well as the commercially packed grapes (COM) in their original packages were stored at 5 degrees C for up to 4 weeks. Hot water treatment resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher oxygen retention and lower carbon dioxide accumulation in package headspaces, maintained a firmer texture, higher overall visual quality, lower decay rate, and lower microbial populations than other treatments or COM during the entire storage period. Grapes that were cut from the rachis and treated with hot water and chlorine maintained the highest quality for 4 weeks with the least decay among all treatments. A chlorine prewash treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced microbial populations on cluster grapes and maintained better overall quality. Conventional COM grapes developed dark decay and lost turgidity and were of unacceptable quality at 28 days of storage. C1 [Kou, Liping; Ding, Wu; Liu, Xinghua] NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Kou, Liping; Luo, Yaguang; Conway, William] USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kou, LP (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, 28 Xinong Rd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM Kouliping8@hotmail.com NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1947 EP 1952 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600025 ER PT J AU Albrecht, U Bowman, KD AF Albrecht, Ute Bowman, Kim D. TI Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Huanglongbing Effects on Citrus Seeds and Seedlings SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrus greening; rootstock genotypes; sweet orange; seed quality; seedling growth; seed transmission ID REAL-TIME PCR; PATHOGEN; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; DISEASE; FLORIDA; BLIGHT; FRUIT AB Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease of citrus and threatens the citrus industry worldwide. The suspected causal agent of the disease is a phloem-limited bacterium of the genus Candidatus Liberibacter transmitted through insect vector or grafting with diseased budwood. Currently, most seed source trees for citrus rootstock propagation are located outdoors and unprotected from disease transmission. In addition, fruit from HLB-affected scion varieties in Florida containing seeds enter the commercial trade and move into other citrus-growing areas. The objective of this study was to determine how Ca. L. asiaticus infection affects seed quality and seedling development and whether the disease appears in seedlings grown from infected fruit. Two experiments were conducted involving thousands of seedlings produced from seeds from infected rootstock seed source trees and 'Valencia' sweet orange trees, respectively. Infection of trees and fruit with Ca. L. asiaticus significantly reduced seed weight, seed germination, and seedling height. Seedlings did not develop symptoms typical of HLB throughout the experiment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis initially identified two of 686 rootstock seedlings and three of 431 sweet orange seedlings positive for the pathogen when they were very young. Resampling and PCR analysis of these five seedlings at older ages consistently indicated they were negative for the pathogen and none of these plants ever developed symptoms of HLB. It is suggested that Ca. L. asiaticus may have been translocated into some part of the embryo during seed development but that it was not present in cells or tissue, which permitted replication or disease development as the seedling grew. C1 [Albrecht, Ute; Bowman, Kim D.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Albrecht, U (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM ute.albrecht@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council FX This research was supported in part by grants from the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council. NR 31 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 1967 EP 1973 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600029 ER PT J AU Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Curry, KJ AF Marshall, Donna A. Spiers, James M. Curry, Kenneth J. TI Water Uptake Threshold of Rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei) Blueberries and Its Influence on Fruit Splitting SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rabbiteye blueberry; Vaccinium ashei; water absorption; split-resistant split-susceptible ID SWEET CHERRIES; CRACKING AB Split-resistant and split-susceptible rabbiteye blueberry fruit were evaluated at all stages of development to determine "water uptake thresholds" by soaking in distilled water. Weight increase after soaking was measured, and percent weight gain was calculated to take into consideration the weight increase of the fruit from development. The ratio of percent increase in volume to weight increase resulting from water uptake was calculated. Ratios of percent water uptake to weight increase between split-susceptible 'Tifblue' and split-resistant 'Premier' blueberries were found to be similar. The split-susceptible 'Tifblue' had a 1.6 g/50 fruit increase with a 1.7% water uptake and a ratio of 1.08. 'Premier' had a higher weight increase with 3.3 g/50 fruit and also a higher percentage of water uptake at 3.6% providing a ratio of 1.09. Although both absorbed water at a constant rate shown by a linear increase of weight increase over time, 'Premier' absorbed a significantly greater amount of water than did 'Tifblue' yet remained intact and did not split. C1 [Marshall, Donna A.; Spiers, James M.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Curry, Kenneth J.] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. RP Marshall, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Donna.Marshall@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 2009 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2035 EP 2037 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532MF UT WOS:000272751600044 ER PT J AU Vikman, S Brena, RM Armstrong, P Hartiala, J Stephensen, CB Allayee, H AF Vikman, Susanna Brena, Romulo M. Armstrong, Patrice Hartiala, Jaana Stephensen, Charles B. Allayee, Hooman TI Functional analysis of 5-lipoxygenase promoter repeat variants SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DNA METHYLATION; ARACHIDONATE 5-LIPOXYGENASE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENE PROMOTER; ASSOCIATION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; RISK AB Variants of a hexanucleotide repeat polymorphism in the promoter of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) gene have been associated with cardiovascular disease traits in humans, which may be due, at least in part, to differential expression of the at-risk alleles. To more fully characterize these variants, we carried out gene expression and DNA methylation studies in primary leukocytes from healthy individuals carrying various 5-LO promoter alleles. Regardless of genotype, 5-LO and 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) gene expression was higher in granulocytes compared with monocytes and lymphocytes, whereas leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA4H) expression was higher in monocytes. In all three leukocyte populations, 5-LO mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of FLAP and LTA4H, with the highest correlation observed in granulocytes. In lymphocytes, individuals homozygous for the shorter 3 and 4 repeat alleles had between 20-35% higher 5-LO, FLAP and LTA4H expression compared with homozygous carriers of the wild-type 5 repeat allele (P = 0.03-0.0001). DNA methylation analysis of four CpG islands in a 1500 bp region encompassing the 5-LO promoter and the first similar to 100 bp of intron 1 revealed relatively low overall DNA methylation across all genotypes and leukocyte populations. However, analysis of the promoter repeats themselves demonstrated that, regardless of cell population, the 4 allele was methylated approximately twice as much as the 3 allele (P < 0.0001). Our results demonstrate that, in lymphocytes, the shorter repeat alleles of the 5-LO promoter lead to higher gene expression, which may be regulated through differential DNA methylation of the CpGs located within these repeats. C1 [Vikman, Susanna; Hartiala, Jaana; Allayee, Hooman] USC, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Brena, Romulo M.] USC, Keck Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Vikman, Susanna; Hartiala, Jaana; Allayee, Hooman] USC, Keck Sch Med, Inst Med Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Brena, Romulo M.] USC, Keck Sch Med, USC Epigenome Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA. [Armstrong, Patrice; Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Program Int & Community Nutr, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Armstrong, Patrice; Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allayee, H (reprint author), USC, Inst Med Genet, Keck Sch Med, 2250 Alcazar St,CSC 206, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM hallayee@usc.edu FU National Institute of Health [HL079353, AT003411, P60MD0222]; UC Davis Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics; US Department of Agriculture [5306-51530-006-00D]; Susan G. Komen Foundation [KG080103]; Gustavus & Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation; National Institute of Health Research Facilities Improvement Program [RR10600-01, CA62528-01, RR14514-01]; National Center for Research Resources FX This work was supported by National Institute of Health grants (HL079353 to H. A., AT003411 to C. B. S. and P60MD0222 to the UC Davis Center of Excellence in Nutritional Genomics) and US Department of Agriculture grant (CRIS Project 5306-51530-006-00D to C. B. S.). R. M. B. was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from the Susan G. Komen Foundation (KG080103). P. A. was supported through a fellowship award from the Gustavus & Louise Pfeiffer Research Foundation. A portion of this work was conducted in a facility constructed with support from the National Institute of Health Research Facilities Improvement Program (RR10600-01, CA62528-01, RR14514-01) from the National Center for Research Resources. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 18 IS 23 BP 4521 EP 4529 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddp414 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 516WL UT WOS:000271573900006 PM 19717473 ER PT J AU Hazra, A Kraft, P Lazarus, R Chen, C Chanock, SJ Jacques, P Selhub, J Hunter, DJ AF Hazra, Aditi Kraft, Peter Lazarus, Ross Chen, Constance Chanock, Stephen J. Jacques, Paul Selhub, Jacob Hunter, David J. TI Genome-wide significant predictors of metabolites in the one-carbon metabolism pathway SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID METHYLMALONYL-COA MUTASE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; HUMAN METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; VITAMIN-B-12 DEFICIENCY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB Low plasma B-vitamin levels and elevated homocysteine have been associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Common variants in FUT2 on chromosome 19q13 were associated with plasma vitamin B(12) levels among women in a genome-wide association study in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) NCI-Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) project. To identify additional loci associated with plasma vitamin B(12), homocysteine, folate and vitamin B(6) (active form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, PLP), we conducted a meta-analysis of three GWA scans (total n = 4763, consisting of 1658 women in NHS-CGEMS, 1647 women in Framingham-SNP-Health Association Resource (SHARe) and 1458 men in SHARe). On chromosome 19q13, we confirm the association of plasma vitamin B(12) with rs602662 and rs492602 (P-value = 1.83 x 10(-15) and 1.30 x 10(-14), respectively) in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs601338 (P = 6.92 x 10(-15)), the FUT2 W143X nonsense mutation. We identified additional genome-wide significant loci for plasma vitamin B(12) on chromosomes 6p21 (P = 4.05 x 10(-08)), 10p12 (P-value=2.87 x 10(-9)) and 11q11 (P-value=2.25 x 10(-10)) in genes with biological relevance. We confirm the association of the well-studied functional candidate SNP 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) Ala222Val (dbSNP ID: rs1801133; P-value=1.27 x 10(-8)), on chromosome 1p36 with plasma homocysteine and identify an additional genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 9q22 (P-value=2.06 x 10(-8)) associated with plasma homocysteine. We also identified genome-wide associations with variants on chromosome 1p36 with plasma PLP (P-value=1.40 x 10(-15)). Genome-wide significant loci were not identified for plasma folate. These data reveal new biological candidates and confirm prior candidate genes for plasma homocysteine, plasma vitamin B(12) and plasma PLP. C1 [Hazra, Aditi; Kraft, Peter; Chen, Constance; Hunter, David J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Mol & Genet Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hazra, Aditi; Lazarus, Ross; Hunter, David J.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lazarus, Ross] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Chanock, Stephen J.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, DHHS, US NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Jacques, Paul; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Jacques, Paul; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hazra, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Program Mol & Genet Epidemiol, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ahazra@hsph.harvard.edu OI lazarus, ross/0000-0003-3939-1961 FU National Institutes of Health [U54 CA100971, P01 CA87969, P01 CA55075, U01 CA098233, R01 CA 065725, R01 CA070817, R03 CA133937]; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) FX The Framingham Heart Study is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with Boston University. NR 98 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 18 IS 23 BP 4677 EP 4687 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddp428 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 516WL UT WOS:000271573900020 PM 19744961 ER PT J AU Genovesi, AD Jessup, RW Engelke, MC Burson, BL AF Genovesi, Anthony D. Jessup, Russell W. Engelke, Milton C. Burson, Byron L. TI Interploid St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] hybrids recovered by embryo rescue SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE Floratam; Polyploid; Diploid; Tissue culture; Turfgrass; EST-SSRs ID RESISTANCE; MARKERS; LYGAEIDAE; GRASS; DNA AB St. Augustinegrass is one of the most important warm season turfgrasses in the southern United States because of its shade tolerance. Most cultivars are diploids (2n = 2x = 18) and are susceptible to various diseases and insects. Polyploid cultivars in the species have some resistance to pests, but most lack cold tolerance. In this study, eight polyploid genotypes were crossed with six diploid cultivars to transfer pest resistance to the diploids. Because interploid crosses often result in aborted seed, it was necessary to use in vitro techniques. Using embryo rescue, 268 plants were recovered from 2,463 emasculated and pollinated florets (10.88% crossability). Because of the heterogeneous nature of the species, these purported hybrids could not be verified by phenotype. DNA markers were used for hybrid identification. A subset of 25 plants from crosses between the aneuploid cultivar Floratam (2n = 4x = 32) and five diploid cultivars were analyzed using 144 expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) developed from buffelgrass cDNA sequence data. Chi-square tests for paternal-specific markers revealed that all analyzed progeny were true F(1) hybrids and none originated from self-fertilization or unintended outcrossing. In addition to identifying DNA polymorphism, the EST-SSRs revealed that genetic variation exists among all analyzed cultivars and is not partitioned between ploidy levels. The findings demonstrate that these embryo rescue techniques will enable the entire spectrum of St. Augustinegrass genetic variation to be better used through the recovery of interploid hybrids. C1 [Genovesi, Anthony D.; Engelke, Milton C.] Texas AgriLife Res, Texas A&M Syst, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Jessup, Russell W.; Burson, Byron L.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Germplasm Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Genovesi, AD (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res, Texas A&M Syst, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM d-genovesi@tamu.edu; rjessup@tamu.edu FU Turfgrass Producers of Texas, Inc. FX This study was funded in part by a grant from the Turfgrass Producers of Texas, Inc. The authors wish to thank Dan Litteer, Pitak Skulkaew, and Robin Taylor for their excellent technical assistance. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD DEC PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 659 EP 666 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9230-x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 521UM UT WOS:000271949900005 ER PT J AU Bell, RL Srinivasan, C Lomberk, D AF Bell, Richard L. Srinivasan, Chinnathambi Lomberk, Delores TI Effect of nutrient media on axillary shoot proliferation and preconditioning for adventitious shoot regeneration of pears SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE 'Bartlett'; 'Beurre Bosc'; Biotechnology; Plant tissue culture; Pyrus communis ID INVITRO-PROPAGATION; MICROPROPAGATION AB The influence of the nutrient composition of plant tissue culture media on axillary shoot proliferation and their preconditioning effect on subsequent adventitious shoot regeneration from pear leaves was investigated. The goal was to improve both micropropagation and regeneration of 'Bartlett' and 'Beurre Bosc' pear cultivars. Driver-Kuniyuki walnut (DKW) and Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) nutrient media were found to be superior to Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) for axillary shoot proliferation. Shoots on WPM exhibited some chlorosis. Axillary shoot culture on DKW would be preferred to that on QL due to the production of excessively short thin shoots on the latter medium. DKW also was superior to QL and MS for production of young expanding leaves for use as explants in adventitious regeneration. Leaf explants derived from shoot proliferation cultures grown on DKW or QL media produced more adventitious shoots than leaf explants from MS. C1 [Bell, Richard L.; Srinivasan, Chinnathambi] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Lomberk, Delores] ARS, USDA, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 USA. RP Bell, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM richard.bell@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD DEC PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 708 EP 714 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9196-8 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 521UM UT WOS:000271949900011 ER PT J AU Xu, J James, R AF Xu, J. James, R. TI Genes related to immunity, as expressed in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, during pathogen challenge SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bees; EST library; immunity ID GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; APIS-MELLIFERA; BOMBYX-MORI; DROSOPHILA; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; MELANIZATION; HYMENOPTERA; GENOME AB Virtually nothing is known about disease resistance in solitary bees, so expressed sequence tag (EST) databases were developed to search for immune response genes in the alfalfa leafcutting bee. We identified 104 putative immunity-related genes from both healthy and pathogen-challenged bee larvae, and 12 more genes using PCR amplification. The genes identified coded for proteins with a wide variety of innate immune response functions, including pathogen recognition, phagocytosis, the prophenoloxidase cascade, melanization, coagulation and several signalling pathways. Some immune response genes were highly conserved with honey bee genes, and more distantly related to other insects. The data presented provides the first analysis of immune function in a solitary bee and provides a foundation for the further analysis of gene expression patterns in bees. C1 [James, R.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Xu, J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, N Logan, UT USA. RP James, R (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Dept Biol, UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Rosalind.James@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Biology, Management and Systematics Research Unit in Logan, UT FX We thank C. Huntzinger and E. Klinger for assistance in collecting bee eggs and larvae for these experiments and D. J. Evans and M. Whitten for constructive comments on an earlier draft of this paper. This work was supported with funding from USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Biology, Management and Systematics Research Unit in Logan, UT. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 6 BP 785 EP 794 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00927.x PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 517RT UT WOS:000271635600009 PM 19863668 ER PT J AU He, HX Nolte, DL AF He, Hongxuan Nolte, Dale L. TI Importance of collaboration on wildlife disease issues SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [He, Hongxuan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Natl Res Ctr Wildlife Born Dis, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Nolte, Dale L.] USDA, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP He, HX (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Natl Res Ctr Wildlife Born Dis, Beijing, Peoples R China. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00179.x PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 582OW UT WOS:000276608300001 PM 21392305 ER PT J AU DeLiberto, TJ Swafford, SR Nolte, DL Pedersen, K Lutman, MW Schmit, BB Baroch, JA Kohler, DJ Franklin, A AF DeLiberto, Thomas J. Swafford, Seth R. Nolte, Dale L. Pedersen, Kerri Lutman, Mark W. Schmit, Brandon B. Baroch, John A. Kohler, Dennis J. Franklin, Alan TI Surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild birds in the USA SO INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY LA English DT Review DE disease surveillance; highly pathogenic avian influenza; H5N1; morbidity and mortality; wild bird ID SENTINEL DOMESTIC DUCKS; TIME RT-PCR; A VIRUSES; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; NORTH-AMERICA; H5N1 VIRUS; MINNESOTA; TURKEYS; SPREAD; ASIA AB As part of the USA's National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza, an Interagency Strategic Plan for the Early Detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza in Wild Migratory Birds was developed and implemented. From 1 April 2006 through 31 March 2009, 261 946 samples from wild birds and 101 457 wild bird fecal samples were collected in the USA; no highly pathogenic avian influenza was detected. The United States Department of Agriculture, and state and tribal cooperators accounted for 213 115 (81%) of the wild bird samples collected; 31, 27, 21 and 21% of the samples were collected from the Atlantic, Pacific, Central and Mississippi flyways, respectively. More than 250 species of wild birds in all 50 states were sampled. The majority of wild birds (86%) were dabbling ducks, geese, swans and shorebirds. The apparent prevalence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses during biological years 2007 and 2008 was 9.7 and 11.0%, respectively. The apparent prevalence of H5 and H7 subtypes across all species sampled were 0.5 and 0.06%, respectively. The pooled fecal samples (n = 101 539) positive for low pathogenic avian influenza were 4.0, 6.7 and 4.7% for biological years 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highly pathogenic early detection system for wild birds developed and implemented in the USA represents the largest coordinated wildlife disease surveillance system ever conducted. This effort provided evidence that wild birds in the USA were free of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (given the expected minimum prevalence of 0.001%) at the 99.9% confidence level during the surveillance period. C1 [DeLiberto, Thomas J.; Swafford, Seth R.; Nolte, Dale L.; Pedersen, Kerri; Lutman, Mark W.; Schmit, Brandon B.; Baroch, John A.; Kohler, Dennis J.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Franklin, Alan] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP DeLiberto, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM Thomas.J.DeLiberto@aphis.usda.gov NR 74 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1749-4877 J9 INTEGR ZOOL JI Integr. Zool. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 4 BP 426 EP 439 DI 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2009.00180.x PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 582OW UT WOS:000276608300011 PM 21392315 ER PT J AU De Sousa-Vieira, O Milligan, SB AF De Sousa-Vieira, Orlando Milligan, Scott B. TI EFFECT OF INTRAROW PLANT SPACING ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FAMILY SELECTION IN SUGARCANE: SELECTION INDICES SO INTERCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE Clonal Propagation; Family Selection; Index Selection; Plant Breeding; Saccharum spp. ID YIELD AB Cross prediction trials or progeny tests for family selection are commonly employed at the beginning of each breeding cycle in clonally propagated crops such as sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrid). When selecting sugarcane families, the factors affecting variability between and within those families should be considered. This research examined the influence of family and intra-row, plant spacing oil the efficiency of the index selection procedure as a method of simultaneous improvement of a population for multiple traits at the first selection stage of the Louisiana Sugarcane Variety Development Program (LSVDP). Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop a selection index for selecting sugarcane families within the LSVDP. Expected genetic advance values for plant weight were greater in the wide-spaced indices than in the narrow-spaced ones. Irrespective of plant spacing, selection indices revealed that all increase in efficiency was observed over direct selection for plant weight when all jour plant weight contributing traits were included along with plant weight. The efficiency in selection tended to decrease when indices were based oil fewer traits. Nevertheless, a few of the indices that included two traits had relative efficiencies comparable to the best indices and the majority certainly was as effective as direct selection for plant weight. C1 [De Sousa-Vieira, Orlando] INIA, San Felipe 3201, Estato Yaracuy, Venezuela. [Milligan, Scott B.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Milligan, Scott B.] USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP De Sousa-Vieira, O (reprint author), INIA, Apartado 25, San Felipe 3201, Estato Yaracuy, Venezuela. EM odesousa@inia.gob.ve; scottmilligan@earthlink.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERCIENCIA PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 51842, CARACAS 1050A, VENEZUELA SN 0378-1844 J9 INTERCIENCIA JI Interciencia PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 12 BP 893 EP 896 PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 538AS UT WOS:000273156700009 ER PT J AU Azzi, A AF Azzi, Angelo TI How Can a Chemically Well Established Antioxidant Work Differently When in The Body? SO IUBMB LIFE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; BETA-CAROTENE; DIETARY POLYPHENOLS; BINDING-PROTEIN; LUNG-CANCER; IN-VIVO; HEALTH; INTERVENTION; SUPPLEMENTS; PREVENTION C1 Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 622, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Azzi, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, Off 622, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM angelo.azzi@tufts.edu NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1521-6543 J9 IUBMB LIFE JI IUBMB Life PD DEC PY 2009 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1159 EP 1160 DI 10.1002/iub.251 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 532EC UT WOS:000272727200010 PM 19802873 ER PT J AU Gillespie, J Nehring, R Hallahan, C Sandretto, C AF Gillespie, Jeffrey Nehring, Richard Hallahan, Charlie Sandretto, Carmen TI Pasture-Based Dairy Systems: Who Are the Producers and Are Their Operations More Profitable than Conventional Dairies? SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE dairy farm size; grazing; pasture-based dairying ID ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; FARMS; ADOPTION; CATTLE AB U.S. dairy operations are sorted via a multinomial logit model into three production systems: pasture-based, semi-pasture-based, and conventional. Region, farm size, financial situation, and production intensity measures impact system choice. Analysis follows to determine the impact of production system on enterprise profitability. Region, farm size, and demographic variables impact profitability, as does system choice: semi-pasture-based operations were less profitable than conventional operations on an enterprise, per hundredweight of milk produced basis. Significant differences were not found in the profitability of pasture-based operations versus those using other systems. C1 [Gillespie, Jeffrey] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Nehring, Richard; Hallahan, Charlie; Sandretto, Carmen] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Gillespie, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 412 EP 427 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 540DQ UT WOS:000273311400004 ER PT J AU Park, TA AF Park, Timothy A. TI Assessing the Returns from Organic Marketing Channels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE marketing outlets; multinomial logit; organic production; selectivity correction ID SELECTIVITY; MODELS AB Organic farmers face heightened pressure in developing a portfolio of different marketing channels and in bargaining competitively with increasingly sophisticated marketing participants in the supply chain for organic products. This research assists producers by identifying specific farm and demographic factors that enhance earnings given the choice of marketing outlet. The two significant selectivity coefficients confirm that organic earnings when marketing through a single outlet are biased upward since farmers who are better suited to market through multiple outlets have already moved away from this marketing strategy. An accurate evaluation of the projected earnings from any marketing strategy must account for selectivity effects. C1 USDA, Food Mkt Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Park, TA (reprint author), USDA, Food Mkt Branch, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 483 EP 497 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 540DQ UT WOS:000273311400008 ER PT J AU Lacy, RC Karali, B Park, TA AF Lacy, R. Curt Karali, Berna Park, Timothy A. TI Forecasting the Choice-Select Spread SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lacy, R. Curt] ERS USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 542 EP 542 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 540DQ UT WOS:000273311400026 ER PT J AU Stone, KL Johnson, KK Mitchell, DR Seitzinger, AH AF Stone, Kristyn L. Johnson, Kamina K. Mitchell, Diana R. Seitzinger, Ann H. TI Economic Impacts of an Outbreak of HPAI and Potential Market Disruptions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stone, Kristyn L.; Johnson, Kamina K.; Mitchell, Diana R.; Seitzinger, Ann H.] USDA APHIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 545 EP 545 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 540DQ UT WOS:000273311400042 ER PT J AU You, W Zhang, G Davy, BM Carlson, A Lin, BH AF You, Wen Zhang, Ge Davy, Brenda M. Carlson, Andrea Lin, Biing-Hwan TI "Adding Food-Away-from-Home to the Thrifty Food Plan: Feasibility and Nutritional Implications." SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [You, Wen; Zhang, Ge; Davy, Brenda M.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Carlson, Andrea] USDA, CNPP, Washington, DC USA. [Lin, Biing-Hwan] USDA, ERS, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 3 BP 547 EP 547 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 540DQ UT WOS:000273311400055 ER PT J AU Buckland, ST Russell, RE Dickson, BG Saab, VA Gorman, DN Block, WM AF Buckland, Stephen T. Russell, Robin E. Dickson, Brett G. Saab, Victoria A. Gorman, Donal N. Block, William M. TI Analyzing Designed Experiments in Distance Sampling SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE BACI design; Bootstrap; Distance sampling; Point transect sampling ID COUNT DATA; IMPACT AB Distance sampling is a survey technique for estimating the abundance or density of wild animal populations. Detection probabilities of animals inherently differ by species, age class, habitats, or sex. By incorporating the change in an observer's ability to detect a particular class of animals as a function of distance, distance sampling leads to density estimates that are comparable across different species, ages, habitats, sexes, and so on. Increasing interest in evaluating the effects of management practices on animal populations in an experimental context has led to a need for suitable methods of analyzing distance sampling data. We outline a two-stage approach for analyzing distance sampling data from designed experiments, in which a two-step bootstrap is used to quantify precision and identify treatment effects. We illustrate this approach using data from a before-after control-impact experiment designed to assess the effects of large-scale prescribed fire treatments on bird densities in ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern United States. C1 [Buckland, Stephen T.] Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Russell, Robin E.; Saab, Victoria A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Gorman, Donal N.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. [Block, William M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Buckland, ST (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, Ctr Res Ecol & Environm Modelling, St Andrews KY16 9LZ, Fife, Scotland. EM steve@mcs.st-and.ac.uk RI Buckland, Stephen/A-1998-2012; OI Russell, Robin/0000-0001-8726-7303 FU Joint Fire Science Program; U.S. Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station [4156, 4852, 4251] FX This work was supported by the Joint Fire Science Program and U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (research work unit numbers 4156, 4852, and 4251). The authors thank Stephanie Jentsch for her key contributions to the design and supervision of the data collection effort; Lisa Bate for summarizing the vegetation data; personnel at the Gila, Apache-Sitgreaves, Coconino, and Kaibab National Forests for providing logistical support for the project and implementing the treatments; Rudy King, Barry Noon, Eric Rexstad, and Len Thomas for their internal reviews of an earlier draft; and the referee and associate editor, whose comments led to a much-improved article. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INT BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGR BIOL ENVIR ST JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 432 EP 442 DI 10.1198/jabes.2009.08030 PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 531AF UT WOS:000272634200004 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SJ Cooper, TA Roberts, MP Mathew, AG Carroll, JA Kattesh, HG Kojima, CJ AF Jenkins, S. J. Cooper, T. A. Roberts, M. P. Mathew, A. G. Carroll, J. A. Kattesh, H. G. Kojima, C. J. TI Effects of Syndyphalin-33 on Immune Function During a Salmonella Challenge in Recently Weaned Pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES LA English DT Article DE Immune; opioid; pig; Salmonella; stress; weaning ID TYPHIMURIUM; INDOMETHACIN; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; RESPONSES AB The objective of this experiment was to characterize the effect of the synthetic opioid Syndyphalin-33 (SD-33) on immune cell populations with and without a concurrent inoculation with a common enteric pathogen, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (SALM) in recently weaned pigs. On day 0, pigs (8 barrows and 6 gilts, 24 1 days of age, 8.43 +/- 0.82 kg) were weaned and fitted with jugular catheters. The following day, pigs were administered either SD-33 (0.5 mu mol kg(-1), given i.m.) or saline (VEH; 0.5 mL, given i.m.) and SALM (oral gavage of 5 x 10(9) CFU) or sterile broth (CON; 3 mL oral gavage) in a factorial arrangement with 4 treatment groups: VEH + CON (n = 4), SD-33 + CON (n = 3), VEH + SALM (n = 3) and SD-33 + SALM (n = 4). There were no differences in Feed Intake (FI) or Body Weight (BW) among the SALM treated animals over time (p>0.05). Cumulatively, FI among the SD-33 + CON pigs was greater(p<0.05) compared to the SD-33 + SALM pigs. White Blood Cell (WBC) populations increased (p<0.05) over the 4 days postinjection period. On day 2 postchallenge, circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes were lower (p<0.05) in VEH + SALM but not in SD-33 + SALM pigs relative to VEH + CON and SD-33 + CON pigs, demonstrating the ability of SD-33 to abrogate the affect of Salmonella. Also, on day 2 postchallenge, circulating monocyte populations were greater (p<0.05) in pigs receiving SD-33 relative to controls regardless of SALM treatment. The results of this preliminary study suggest that the opioid SD-33 may modulate the immune axis in recently weaned pigs. C1 [Jenkins, S. J.; Cooper, T. A.; Roberts, M. P.; Mathew, A. G.; Kattesh, H. G.; Kojima, C. J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Carroll, J. A.] ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Kojima, CJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, 2640 Morgan Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDWELL ONLINE PI FAISALABAD PA ANSINET BUILDING, 308-LASANI TOWN, SARGODHA RD, FAISALABAD, 38090, PAKISTAN SN 1680-5593 J9 J ANIM VET ADV JI J. Anim. Vet. Adv. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 8 IS 12 BP 2562 EP 2567 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 517NZ UT WOS:000271623400027 ER PT J AU Elzo, MA Riley, DG Hansen, GR Johnson, DD Myer, RO Coleman, SW Chase, CC Wasdin, JG Driver, JD AF Elzo, M. A. Riley, D. G. Hansen, G. R. Johnson, D. D. Myer, R. O. Coleman, S. W. Chase, C. C. Wasdin, J. G. Driver, J. D. TI Effect of breed composition on phenotypic residual feed intake and growth in Angus, Brahman, and Angus x Brahman crossbred cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calf; feed intake; multibreed; temperament ID BEEF-CATTLE; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; BODY-COMPOSITION; CARCASS MERIT; EFFICIENCY; TEMPERAMENT; TRAITS; BULLS; ULTRASOUND AB The influence of additive and nonadditive genetic effects and temperament on 4 postweaning feed intake and growth traits was evaluated in a group of 581 bull, heifer, and steer calves born in 3 Florida herds in 2006 and 2007. Calves had breed compositions ranging from 100% Angus (A) to 100% Brahman (B). They were randomly allocated to 24 pens each year by herd (Brooksville, Gainesville, Marianna, FL), sire group (A, 3/4 A 1/4 B, Brangus, 1/2 A 1/2 B, 1/4 A 3/4 B, and B), and sex (bull, heifer, and steer) in a GrowSafe automated feeding facility at Marianna. Calves were fed a concentrate diet during the 21-d adjustment and the 70-d trial periods. Individual feed intakes were recorded daily, and BW, chute scores, and exit velocities were recorded every 2 wk. Traits were phenotypic daily residual feed intake (RFI), mean daily feed intake (DFI), mean daily feed conversion ratio (FCR), and postweaning BW gain. Phenotypic RFI was computed as the difference between actual and expected feed intakes. Calves were assigned to 3 RFI groups: high (RFI greater than 0.9 kg of DM/d), low (RFI less than -0.9 kg of DM/d), and medium (RFI between mean +/- 0.9 kg of DM/d; SD = 1.8 kg of DM/d). The mixed model included the fixed effects of contemporary group (herd-year-pen), RFI group (except when trait was RFI), age of dam, sex of calf, age of calf, B fraction of calf, heterozygosity of calf, mean chute score, and mean exit velocity. Brahman fraction and heterozygosity of calf were nested within sex of calf for RFI and within RFI group for DFI, FCR, and postweaning BW gain. Random effects were sire and residual. Feed efficiency tended to improve (decreased RFI) as the B fraction increased. However, calves required larger amounts of feed per kilogram of BW gain (larger FCR) as the B fraction increased. Postweaning BW gain tended to decrease as the B fraction increased. Temperament traits were unimportant for all traits except exit velocity for DFI, suggesting perhaps a lack of variation for temperament traits in this herd, or that calves became accustomed to the level of handling pre- and postweaning, thus decreasing behavioral differences among them. C1 [Elzo, M. A.; Johnson, D. D.; Wasdin, J. G.; Driver, J. D.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Riley, D. G.; Coleman, S. W.; Chase, C. C.] USDA ARS, STARS, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Hansen, G. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. [Myer, R. O.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. RP Elzo, MA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM maelzo@ufl.edu NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 87 IS 12 BP 3877 EP 3886 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1553 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 519LA UT WOS:000271766700005 PM 19684277 ER PT J AU Kerr, BJ Weber, TE Dozier, WA Kidd, MT AF Kerr, B. J. Weber, T. E. Dozier, W. A., III Kidd, M. T. TI Digestible and metabolizable energy content of crude glycerin originating from different sources in nursery pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biofuel; crude glycerin; digestible energy; metabolizable energy; pig ID BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; GROWING PIGS; MEAT QUALITY; DIETS; CONSEQUENCES; PREDICTION AB The energy value of crude glycerin from different biodiesel production facilities was determined in nursery pigs (initial BW of 10.4 kg) to predict apparent DE and ME based on the composition of crude glycerin. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet, or diets containing crude glycerin from various biodiesel production facilities supplemented in the diet at approximately 9.1%. Because of bulk density differences, 2 glycerin products were supplemented at either 7.7 or 6.9%. In addition, soybean oil and lard were included at 6.7% as 2 dietary treatments to serve as positive controls. Each diet was fed twice daily to pigs in individual metabolism crates. After a 6-d adjustment period, a 4-d balance experiment was conducted. During the collection period, feces and urine were collected daily and stored at 0 degrees C until analysis. The GE of each test ingredient and diet and of urine and fecal samples from each pig were determined by isoperibol bomb calorimetry. The DE and ME values of crude glycerol were estimated by difference, whereby the DE and ME content of the basal diet was subtracted from the complete diet containing the test ingredient. Gross energy, DE, and ME of US Pharmacopeia grade glycerin were determined to be 4,325, 4,457, and 3,682 kcal/kg, respectively. In contrast, GE of the crude glycerin samples ranged from 3,173 to 6,021 kcal/kg, DE ranged from 3,022 to 5,228 kcal/kg, and ME ranged from 2,535 to 5,206 kcal/kg, reflecting the content of glycerol, methanol, and FFA in the crude glycerin. The GE, DE, and ME of soybean oil and lard were determined to be 9,443, 8,567, and 8,469 kcal/kg, and 9,456, 8,524, and 8,639 kcal/kg, respectively. The stepwise regression prediction of the ME in crude glycerin exhibited R(2) of only 0.41 [ME, kcal/kg (as-is basis) = (37.09 x % of glycerin) + (97.15 x % of fatty acids)], whereas prediction of GE achieved an R2 of 0.99 pGE, kcal/kg (as-is basis) = -236 + (46.08 x % of glycerin) + (61.78 x % of methanol) + (103.62 x % of fatty acids)]. On average, the ME of crude glycerin was 85.4% of its GE (SE 5.3) and did not differ by glycerin source. The data provided in these experiments indicate that crude glycerin is a valuable energy source, with its GE concentration dependent on the concentration of glycerin, methanol, and fatty acids, and with ME as a percentage of GE averaging 85.4%. C1 [Kerr, B. J.; Weber, T. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dozier, W. A., III] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kerr, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM brian.kerr@ars.usda.gov FU National Pork Checkoff [07-165] FX This project was supported in part by the National Pork Checkoff (07-165; National Pork Board, Des Moines, IA). The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of J. Cook (USDA-ARS, Ames, IA) for laboratory assistance, Ag Processors Inc. (Omaha, NE) for crude glycerin analysis, and the suppliers of each crude glycerin source used in this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendations or endorsement by Auburn University, Mississippi State University, or the USDA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 87 IS 12 BP 4042 EP 4049 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1676 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 519LA UT WOS:000271766700023 PM 19717766 ER PT J AU Beck, PA Stewart, CB Gray, HC Smith, JL Gunter, SA AF Beck, P. A. Stewart, C. B. Gray, H. C. Smith, J. L. Gunter, S. A. TI Effect of wheat forage maturity and preservation method on forage chemical composition and performance of growing calves fed mixed diets SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; forage quality; hay; silage; Triticum aestivum L. ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; DAIRY-COWS; MILK-PRODUCTION; DRY-MATTER; CORN SILAGES; QUALITY; GROWTH; YIELD; DIGESTIBILITY; YTTERBIUM AB Three 2.4-ha wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields were used to test the effects of maturity at harvest (boot vs. dough) and preservation method (hay vs. silage) on forage yield, chemical composition, and animal performance when fed in mixed diets. Forages were incorporated into 4 diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with hominy feed, soybean hulls, and cottonseed meal as the primary concentrate ingredients. In Exp. 1 diets contained 20% wheat forage (DM basis) and were fed to 96 beef calves (n - 48 steers and 48 heifers; initial BW 229 +/- 6.0 kg) in 12 mixed-sex pens. In Exp. 2 diets contained 40% wheat forage (DM basis) and were fed to beef steers (n - 48; initial BW 198 +/- 6.8 kg) in 12 pens. These diets were also individually fed to 32 calves (Exp. 1, n - 16, BW - 187 +/- 9.4 kg; Exp. 2, n - 16 calves, BW - 160 +/- 8.2 kg) to determine DM and NDF digestibility and gastrointestinal tract passage kinetics. Advanced maturity increased (P < 0.01) DM yield, decreased (P < 0.01) CP concentrations, and tended (P - 0.10) to increase non-fiber carbohydrate concentrations, but did not affect (P >= 0.22) NDF, ADF, or TDN concentrations. Maturity at harvest, preservation method, or their interaction did not affect (P >= 0.15) ADG when wheat forage was fed as 20 or 40% of the diet. When calves were fed the 40% wheat forage diets, maturity at harvest did not affect (P >= 0.27) DMI or G: F. Calves fed 40% hay diets consumed more (P - 0.04) feed DM as a percentage of BW than calves fed silage diets, but tended (P - 0.09) to be less efficient. With 20 or 40% wheat forage diets, there were no differences (P >= 0.13) in passage rate, ruminal retention time, or fecal output due to maturity or preservation method. Digestibility of DM tended (P - 0.07) to be greater for silage than hay diets when fed in 20% wheat forage diets. Dry matter and NDF digestibility of 40% boot-stage wheat forage diets were greater (P < 0.01) than diets containing forage harvested in dough stage. Forty percent hay diets also tended (P - 0.07) to have greater DM digestibility, and NDF digestibility was greater (P < 0.01) compared with silage diets. Although differences in performance were not noted in the present experiments, increased maturity at harvest and preservation as silage can cause differences in DMI and digestibility of DM and NDF in diets containing 40% wheat forage. C1 [Beck, P. A.; Stewart, C. B.; Gray, H. C.; Smith, J. L.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. [Gunter, S. A.] USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Beck, PA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. EM pbeck@uaex.edu FU University of Arkansas Agriculture Experiment Station [AR001735] FX This project was conducted with funding from the University of Arkansas Agriculture Experiment Station, Hatch Project No. AR001735. The authors express their appreciation to Randi Harris, Pat Capps, Kyle Hudson, and Josh Loe of the University of Arkansas Southwest Research and Extension Center, Hope, for technical assistance in completing this project. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 87 IS 12 BP 4133 EP 4142 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2184 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 519LA UT WOS:000271766700034 PM 19717767 ER PT J AU Carroll, JA Arthington, JD Chase, CC AF Carroll, J. A. Arthington, J. D. Chase, C. C., Jr. TI Early weaning alters the acute-phase reaction to an endotoxin challenge in beef calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acute-phase response; calf; cattle; weaning ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; GROWTH; BOVINE; RESPONSES; STRESS; PERFORMANCE; HAPTOGLOBIN; CYTOKINES; PROTEINS; CORTISOL AB Previous research indicates that early weaning before shipment can reduce transportation-induced increases in acute-phase proteins (APP) and can increase feedlot performance in beef calves. These data suggest that the combination of weaning and transport stress may compromise the immune system of calves, thus hindering subsequent performance and health. Therefore, our objective was to determine if the innate immune response of early weaned calves (EW; 80 d of age) differed from normal-weaned calves (NW; 250 d of age) in response to an endotoxin challenge. Eighteen Brahman x Angus calves (8 and 10 EW and NW, respectively; 233 +/- 5 kg of BW) were used. Calves were maintained on pasture with supplement and then moved into individual pens for 1 wk of acclimation before the start of the study. Calves were fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter 1 d before LPS challenge (0 h; 1.0 mu g/kg of BW, intravenously). Blood samples were collected at 30-min intervals from-2 to 8 h. Serum samples were stored at-80 degrees C until analyzed for cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), IL-1 beta, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN), ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin. Whereas LPS increased serum cortisol (P <= 0.001), no weaning age effect (P >= 0.15) was observed. A weaning age x time interaction (P <= 0.04) was observed for TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and ceruloplasmin such that concentrations of these indices were greater in the NW compared with EW calves. For haptoglobin, a weaning age effect (P <= 0.03) was observed with NW calves having greater average haptoglobin concentrations compared with EW calves. Interestingly, the weaning age x time interaction (P <= 0.001) for IFN revealed greater IFN in EW compared with NW calves. Based upon these data, the innate immune system of EW calves appears to be more competent in responding to immune challenge compared with that of NW calves. Additionally, the differential IFN response indicates that the immune system of EW calves may be more effective at recognizing and eliminating endotoxin. These data suggest that an altered innate immune system may be one of the factors responsible for the improved feedlot performance previously reported in EW calves. C1 [Carroll, J. A.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Arthington, J. D.] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.] USDA ARS, SubTrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff.carroll@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 87 IS 12 BP 4167 EP 4172 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2016 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 519LA UT WOS:000271766700038 PM 19717781 ER PT J AU Meiszberg, AM Johnson, AK Sadler, LJ Carroll, JA Dailey, JW Krebs, N AF Meiszberg, A. M. Johnson, A. K. Sadler, L. J. Carroll, J. A. Dailey, J. W. Krebs, N. TI Drinking behavior in nursery pigs: Determining the accuracy between an automatic water meter versus human observers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE automatic; behavior; drinking; Hobo; pig; validation ID NEWLY WEANED PIGLETS; YOUNG-PIGS; RECORDING-SYSTEM; FEED; CATTLE; MODEL; SOWS AB Assimilating accurate behavioral events over a long period can be labor-intensive and relatively expensive. If an automatic device could accurately record the duration and frequency for a given behavioral event, it would be a valuable alternative to the traditional use of human observers for behavioral studies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the accuracy in the time spent at the waterer and the number of visits to the waterer by individually housed nursery pigs between human observers scoring video files using Observer software (OBS) and an automatic water meter Hobo (WM, control) affixed onto the waterline. Eleven PIC USA genotype gilts (22 perpendicular to 2 d of age; 6.5 perpendicular to 1.4 kg of BW) were housed individually in pens with ad libitum access to a corn-based starter ration and one nipple waterer. Behavior was collected on d 0 (day of weaning), 7, and 14 of the trial using 1 color camera positioned over 4 attached pens and a RECO-204 DVR at 1 frame per second. For the OBS method, 2 experienced observers recorded drinking behavior from the video files, which was defined as when the gilt placed her mouth over the nipple waterer. Data were analyzed using nonparametric methods and the general linear model and regression procedures in SAS. The experimental unit was the individual pen housing 1 gilt. The GLM model included the method of observation (WM vs. OBS) and time (24 h) as variables, and the gilt nested within method was used as the error term. Gilts consumed more water (P - 0.04) on d 14 than on d 0. The time of day affected (P < 0.001) the number of visits and the time spent at the waterer regardless of the method. However, the OBS method underestimated (P < 0.001) the number of visits to the waterer (3.48 +/- 0.33 visits/h for OBS vs. 4.94 +/- 0.33 for WM) and overestimated (P < 0.001) the time spent at the waterer (22.6 +/- 1.46 s/h for OBS vs. 13.9 +/- 1.43 for WM) compared with WM. The relationship between the 2 methods for prediction of time spent at the waterer and number of visits made by the gilts was weak (R(2) = 0.56 and 0.69, respectively). Collectively, these data indicate that the use of the traditional OBS method for quantifying drinking behavior in pigs can be misleading. Quantifying drinking behavior and perhaps other behavioral events via the OBS method must be more accurately validated. C1 [Carroll, J. A.; Dailey, J. W.] USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Meiszberg, A. M.; Johnson, A. K.; Sadler, L. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Krebs, N.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Pork Ind Inst, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. EM jeff.carroll@ars.usda.gov RI Johnson, Anna/E-9319-2015 OI Johnson, Anna/0000-0001-7687-0465 FU Iowa State University Department of Animal Science start-up funds FX This project was partially funded by the Iowa State University Department of Animal Science start-up funds. The authors thank Jill Garvey (Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames) for technical assistance. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 87 IS 12 BP 4173 EP 4180 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1737 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 519LA UT WOS:000271766700039 PM 19684272 ER PT J AU Du, XD Wu, CM Liu, HB Li, XS Beier, RC Xiao, F Qin, SS Huang, SY Shen, JZ AF Du, Xiang-Dang Wu, Cong-Ming Liu, He-Bing Li, Xin-Sheng Beier, Ross C. Xiao, Fang Qin, Shang-Shang Huang, Si-Yang Shen, Jian-Zhong TI Plasmid-mediated ArmA and RmtB 16S rRNA methylases in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter DE aminoglycosides; amikacin; Southern hybridization; PFGE; genetic environment ID RESISTANCE C1 [Wu, Cong-Ming; Qin, Shang-Shang; Huang, Si-Yang; Shen, Jian-Zhong] China Agr Univ, Natl Ctr Vet Drug Safety Evaluat, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Beier, Ross C.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Du, Xiang-Dang; Liu, He-Bing; Li, Xin-Sheng; Xiao, Fang] Henan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Husb & Vet Med, Zhengzhou 450002, Peoples R China. RP Shen, JZ (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Natl Ctr Vet Drug Safety Evaluat, Coll Vet Med, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM sjz@cau.edu.cn NR 7 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1328 EP 1330 DI 10.1093/jac/dkp354 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 520CF UT WOS:000271816800032 PM 19808234 ER PT J AU Szendrei, Z Kramer, M Weber, DC AF Szendrei, Z. Kramer, M. Weber, D. C. TI Habitat manipulation in potato affects Colorado potato beetle dispersal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; Coleoptera; cover crop; movement; mulch; pest ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA SAY; COLEOPTERA-CHRYSOMELIDAE; STRAW-MULCH; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; NATURAL ENEMIES; MOVEMENT; COLONIZATION; POPULATIONS; DENSITY; FIELD AB Increased habitat complexity in agricultural fields can alter the movement of pests into or within a field. Using a mark-release-recapture method with Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)], we compared the tenure time and dispersal of marked insects released within experimental potato fields to those released at the field borders in three trials in summer 2006. Plots within fields had rye, vetch or no plant residues. Movement of marked Colorado potato beetles into the tilled plots was significantly higher than into vetch or rye cover treatments. The abundance of naturally occurring beetles in the three cover treatments followed the general patterns of the number of marked immigrants over all releases. Marked beetles released inside the potato field tended to move along the release row rather than across rows; this pattern was stronger for the tilled treatment than for the two mulch cover treatments. Marked beetles disappeared from within the potato fields differently, depending on the cover crop treatment, but the patterns were not consistent over the season. Incorporation of dispersal patterns into pest management strategies should improve methods of pest population regulation, especially for the initial colonization of fields. C1 [Szendrei, Z.; Weber, D. C.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Behav & Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kramer, M.] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Szendrei, Z (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM zsofia.szendrei@gmail.com FU Agricultural Research Service Headquarters FX The authors thank Andrew Hempstead for technical assistance in the setting up and checking of the experiment and John Teasdale (USDA, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory) for advice in cover crop choice and management. Thanks also to the USDA farm crew in the seeding of crops and maintenance of the potato field. Z.S. was supported by an Agricultural Research Service Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associateship to D. C. W. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 133 IS 9-10 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01429.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 521WP UT WOS:000271957300009 ER PT J AU Schroeder, TA Hember, R Coops, NC Liang, SL AF Schroeder, Todd A. Hember, Robbie Coops, Nicholas C. Liang, Shunlin TI Validation of Solar Radiation Surfaces from MODIS and Reanalysis Data over Topographically Complex Terrain SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; NCEP-NCAR REANALYSIS; LANDSAT THEMATIC MAPPER; DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA; GRANDE RIVER BASIN; ETA-MODEL; ENERGY BUDGETS; FIFE DATA; DIFFUSE; CARBON AB The magnitude and distribution of incoming shortwave solar radiation (SWY) has significant influence on the productive capacity of forest vegetation. Models that estimate forest productivity require accurate and spatially explicit radiation surfaces that resolve both long-and short-term temporal climatic patterns and that account for topographic variability of the land surface. This paper presents a validation of monthly average total (SW down arrow(t)) and diffuse (SWY down arrow(f)) incoming solar radiation surfaces taken from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery for a mountainous region of the Pacific northwestern United States and Canada. A topographic solar radiation model based on a regionally defined clearness index was used to downscale the 32-km NARR SW down arrow(t) surfaces to 1 km, resulting in surfaces that better matched the spatial resolution of MODIS, as well as accounted for elevation and terrain effects including shadowing. Validation was carried out using a series of ground station measurements (n = 304) collected in 2003. The results indicated that annually, the NARR and MODIS SW down arrow(t) surfaces were both in strong agreement with ground measurements (r = 0.98 and 0.97), although the strength and bias of the relationships varied considerably by month. Correlations were highest in winter, early summer, and fall and lowest in spring. The NARR and MODISSW down arrow(df) surfaces displayed poorer agreement with ground measurements (r = 0.89 and 0.79), the result of some months having negative correlations. The correlation and spatial structure between NARR and MODIS SW down arrow(t) surfaces was enhanced by topographic correction, resulting in more consistent input radiation surfaces for use in broad-scale forest productivity modeling. C1 [Schroeder, Todd A.; Hember, Robbie; Coops, Nicholas C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Resources Management, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Schroeder, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM tschroeder@fs.fed.us RI Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; FU NSERC [STPGP 336174-06]; NASA [NNX08AC53G] FX This study was supported by NSERC Strategic Project STPGP 336174-06. Partial funding was also provided by NASA under Grant NNX08AC53G. We thank Ameriflux and Fluxnet-Canada for making data available online and those responsible for collection and processing of data at the flux towers. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for insightful comments and the University of Maryland for providing the MODIS incoming shortwave solar radiation surfaces. NR 57 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2441 EP 2458 DI 10.1175/2009JAMC2152.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 543YP UT WOS:000273618000002 ER PT J AU Dozier, WA Corzo, A Kidd, MT Tillman, PB Purswell, JL Kerr, BJ AF Dozier, W. A., III Corzo, A. Kidd, M. T. Tillman, P. B. Purswell, J. L. Kerr, B. J. TI Digestible lysine responses of male broilers from 14 to 28 days of age subjected to different environmental conditions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amino acid; broiler; lysine ID AMINO-ACID DIGESTIBILITY; HEAT-STRESS; FEED INGREDIENTS; DIETARY-PROTEIN; CHICKENS; TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE; REQUIREMENTS; CONSTANT; GROWTH AB Dietary amino acid requirements are influenced by environmental conditions. Two experiments examined growth responses of male Ross x Ross TP 16 broilers fed diets varying in digestible Lys concentrations from 14 to 28 d of age under different environmental conditions. Experiment 1 was conducted in July 2007, whereas experiment 2 was initiated during October 2007. In each experiment, dietary treatments consisted of 6 concentrations of digestible Lys and a positive control. Digestible Lys ranged from 0.90 to 1.25% in increments of 0.07% and from 0.92 to 1.32% in increments of 0.08% for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Linear and quadratic improvements were observed for BW gain and feed conversion in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In experiment 2, the digestible Lys requirement was estimated at 1.19% based on a quadratic broken-line model and a quadratic regression equation. Digestible Lys intakes that corresponded to the optimal digestible Lys response based on a dietary percentage were estimated at 1,280 and 1,404 mg/d for experiments 1 and 2, respectively. These results suggest that the need for dietary Lys varied considerably with broilers reared in environmental conditions simulating winter vs. summer production when expressed on a digestible Lys intake basis. C1 [Dozier, W. A., III; Purswell, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Corzo, A.; Kidd, M. T.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Tillman, P. B.] Ajinomoto Heartland LLC, Chicago, IL 60631 USA. [Kerr, B. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dozier, WA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 201 Poultry Sci Bldg,260 Lem Morrison Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bill.dozier@auburn.edu NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 EI 1537-0437 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 4 BP 690 EP 698 DI 10.3382/japr.2009-00016 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 527ED UT WOS:000272348700006 ER PT J AU Scheintaub, MR Derner, JD Kelly, EF Knapp, AK AF Scheintaub, M. R. Derner, J. D. Kelly, E. F. Knapp, A. K. TI Response of the shortgrass steppe plant community to fire SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aboveground net primary productivity; Bouteloua gracilis; Fire; Great Plains; Semi-arid grassland ID NORTHERN MIXED PRAIRIE; 2 SEMIARID GRASSLANDS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION; SPECIES COMPOSITION; GREAT-PLAINS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; DROUGHT AB Fire is an important driver of ecological pattern and process in grasslands worldwide, although its role in semi-arid systems is less well known. We used published studies and new experimental research to 1) provide a synthesis of existing knowledge of fire in the semi-arid grasslands of the North American Great Plains, and 2) assess the degree of similarity in semi-arid and mesic grassland responses to fire in this region. Based on published studies, burning has neutral to negative effects on aboveground productivity in semi-arid grasslands and variable effects on plant communities. To more rigorously assess fire effects, replicated experimental plots were established in ungrazed shortgrass steppe in northern Colorado and prescribed spring fire was applied in 2006 and 2007, 2006 only, or not at all. Aboveground net primary productivity decreased or remained unchanged with burning. Plant community changes included increases in perennial forbs, decreases in annual grasses and a positive response in annual forbs to the combination of fire and a wet spring in 2007. Combined, these results indicate that post-fire changes in productivity in semi-arid grasslands are neutral to negative, in contrast to positive responses in mesic grasslands, and not strongly negative as previously assumed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scheintaub, M. R.; Knapp, A. K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Derner, J. D.] USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Kelly, E. F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Scheintaub, MR (reprint author), POB 3237, Hailey, ID 83333 USA. EM mscheintaub@yahoo.com RI Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008 FU Shortgrass Steppe LTER; USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range; Colorado State University; United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Forest Service; National Science Foundation [NSF DEB-0217631] FX Research was supported by the Shortgrass Steppe LTER program and the USDA-ARS Central Plains Experimental Range. Mary Ashby, Mark Lindquist, Jeri Morgan, Sallie Sprague, Jana Heisler, Priscilla Baker, Karie Cherwin, Ian Hough, Jake Johnson, Jeff Thomas, Troy Smith, Matt Mortenson, Jessica Crowder, Casey DeGaubin, Ashley Whitman, and the SGS LTER summer field crews in 2006 and 2007 provided invaluable assistance. Earlier versions of this manuscript were reviewed and improved by Cynthia Brown, David Augustine, Lance Vermeire, David Eldridge and two anonymous reviewers. Support was provided by the Shortgrass Steppe Long-Term Ecological Research group, a partnership between Colorado State University, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the U.S. Forest Service Pawnee National Grassland, through a grant from the National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program (NSF DEB-0217631). NR 72 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1136 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.011 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496RF UT WOS:000269992600012 ER PT J AU Eldridge, DJ Whitford, WG AF Eldridge, D. J. Whitford, W. G. TI Soil disturbance by native animals along grazing gradients in an arid grassland SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Biopedturbation; Foraging; Livestock; Piosphere; Pits; Soil erosion; Trampling ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; WATERING POINTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; VEGETATION; IMPACT; ZONE; COMMUNITIES; PIOSPHERE; RESPONSES; PATTERNS AB Domestic grazing animals that congregate around watering points in and rangelands create clearly-defined trampling-induced grazing gradients. Grazing and trampling alter soil and vegetation condition, often leading to substantial reductions in ecological function. We measured foraging pits and mounds created by native soil foraging animals over 12 months at three watering points in a Chihuahuan Desert grassland, and hypothesized that the density and cover of their disturbances would increase with increasing distance from water. We recorded an average of 3756 disturbances ha(-1) and cover of 34.18 m(2) ha(-1) across the grazing gradients, which comprised mainly pits (43%) and mounds (25%) of heteromyid rodents, ants and spiders. Soil turnover was estimated at 1.43 m(3) ha(-1). We detected no differences in density, cover, soil volume or composition of disturbances in relation to distance from water, but there were significant, though ill-defined, differences across the five sampling periods, with generally more activity in the warm-wet months. Small animal-created mounds and pits are important sources of soil and sinks for litter within grazing gradients, and may represent the only sites where plants can establish given a relaxation in grazing pressure. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eldridge, D. J.] Univ New S Wales, Dept Environm & Climate Change, Ecol & Evolut Res Ctr C, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Whitford, W. G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Eldridge, DJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Dept Environm & Climate Change, Ecol & Evolut Res Ctr C, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM d.eldridge@unsw.edu.au; wlawhit@zianet.com FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service FX This research was supported in part by funds provided to the International Arid Lands Consortium (IALC) by the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. The IALC was established in 1990 to promote research, demonstrations and training applied to development, management, restoration and reclamation of and and semi-arid lands in North America, the Middle East, and elsewhere in the world. Ramana Callan, Erik Jackson and Aaron Killgore assisted with the field measurements. We thank Niki Huang for entering the data, and Alex James, Samantha Travers, Maliha Nash and two reviewers for comments on an earlier draft. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1144 EP 1148 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.06.005 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496RF UT WOS:000269992600013 ER PT J AU Firincioglu, HK Seefeldt, SS Sahin, B Vural, M AF Firincioglu, H. K. Seefeldt, S. S. Sahin, B. Vural, M. TI Assessment of grazing effect on sheep fescue (Festuca valesiaca) dominated steppe rangelands, in the semi-arid Central Anatolian region of Turkey SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Grazing exclosure; Plant diversity; Redundancy analysis; Spatial heterogeneity; Thymus sipyleus; Vegetation pattern ID ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; HETEROGENEITY; GRADIENTS; DISTURBANCE; GRASSLANDS; HERBIVORES; RESPONSES AB In the semi-arid steppe rangelands of Central Turkey, Festuca valesiaca and Thymus sipyleus ssp rosulans have become the dominant species on degraded pastures. We hypothesized that decreases in species richness and abundance are correlated with increasing prevalence of these two species. Therefore, our objectives were to determine whether there are patterns in examined vegetation; how dominant species contribute to these patterns; and how patterns differ between grazed and ungrazed vegetation. We determined that protection from grazing increased species richness. Grazing significantly changed composition through decreasing total plant, forb, grass and E valesiaca covers, while substantially increasing T sipyleus cover. Topography, soil and grazing appear to impact the dominance of plant communities where F valesiaca and T sipyleus prevail. These two dominant species had a significant effect in shaping vegetation patterns. Based on regression analysis, alterations in species richness with changes in cover of forbs and shrubs were evident, and spatial heterogeneity of F. valesiaca and T sipyleus indicated unstable vegetative patterns in heavily grazed pastures and successional changes in protected pastures. Our study results identify E valesiaca and T sipyleus as indicator species of vegetation suppression in condition assessments of degraded steppe rangelands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Seefeldt, S. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Sub Arctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Sahin, B.; Vural, M.] Gazi Univ, Dept Biol, Ankara, Turkey. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), 2 Cadde,34-4, Ankara, Turkey. EM huseyin@tr.net; sseefeldt@pw.ars.usda.gov; bsahin@gazi.edu.tr; mvural@gazi.edu.tr FU The Central Research Institute for Field Crops FX This study was funded from the core budget of The Central Research Institute for Field Crops. Authors wish to thank Mr. Hasan Uzunoglu and Mr. Levent Dogruyol for their excellent assistance with fieldwork, and Dr. Hilseyin Tosun and Dr. Aydan Ottekin for their administrative support. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 EI 1095-922X J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 73 IS 12 BP 1149 EP 1157 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.012 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 496RF UT WOS:000269992600014 ER PT J AU Gandhi, KJK Gilmore, DW Haack, RA Katovich, SA Krauth, SJ Mattson, WJ Zasada, JC Seybold, SJ AF Gandhi, Kamal J. K. Gilmore, Daniel W. Haack, Robert A. Katovich, Steven A. Krauth, Steven J. Mattson, William J. Zasada, John C. Seybold, Steven J. TI Application of Semiochemicals to Assess the Biodiversity of Subcortical Insects following an Ecosystem Disturbance in a Sub-boreal Forest SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Anthribidae; Bark beetles; Betula papyrifera; Biodiversity; Buprestidae; Cerambycidae; Cleridae; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Dendroctonus rufipennis; Dendroctonus simplex; Dendroctonus valens; Dryocoetes autographus; Histeridae; Host attractants; Hylurgops rugipennis pinifex; Ipsdienol; Ipsenol; Ips grandicollis; Ips perroti; Ips perturbatus; Ips pini; Kairomones; Minnesota; Natural disturbances; Nemonychidae; Pheromones; Picea glauca; Pinenes; Pinus banksiana; Populus tremuloides; Predators; Salpingidae; Scolytidae; Sirex behrensii; Siricidae; Semiochemicals; Tenebrionidae; Wind-disturbance; Woodborers ID IPS-PINI COLEOPTERA; GREAT-LAKES REGION; RUFIPENNIS KIRBY COL; PRINCIPAL SEX ATTRACTANT; EASTERN LARCH BEETLE; SPRUCE BARK BEETLE; MAJOR ICE STORM; PONDEROSA PINE; SAPROXYLIC BEETLES; THANASIMUS-DUBIUS AB From 2000 through 2003 we used semiochemical-baited traps in northeastern Minnesota, USA, to assess changes in assemblages of subcortical forest insects after a catastrophic wind storm in 1999 and subsequent (1999-2000) fuel-reduction activities (salvage-logging and prescribed-burning). We determined the regional efficacy of fifteen semiochemical blends (pheromones and kairomones) as attractants for target and non-target subcortical insect species (Coleoptera: Anthribidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Cleridae, Cucujidae, Curculionidae, Histeridae, Nemonychidae, Salpingidae, Scolytidae, Tenebrionidae, and Hymenoptera: Siricidae). During the four summers, we trapped 86,471 subcortical insects (143 species) in baited and unbaited Lindgren funnel traps, and 500 beetles (44 species) in baited and unbaited pitfall traps. We report 23 new state collection records of subcortical insects from Minnesota. Trap catches of subcortical insects were greatest in the wind-disturbed areas 2 years after the event, and declined thereafter. Similar trends were observed for subcortical insects in the burned areas. Both wind-disturbance and burning increased the subcortical insect species richness and diversity on the landscape. The subcortical insect species compositions of the salvaged and burned forest areas differed from those of the undisturbed and wind-disturbed areas. Trap catches of subcortical insects in response to semiochemical treatments also varied with year of sampling and land-area treatment. The greatest diversity of subcortical beetle species was in traps baited with attractants for the scolytids, Dendroctonus valens [(+)-alpha-pinene and (-)-beta-pinene] and Dryocoetes spp. [exo-brevicomin and (-)-alpha-pinene], perhaps reflecting the generic nature of the baits. The most distinct species compositions were collected in response to the woodborer and Dendroctonus simplex baits, whereas the species compositions in traps with the D. valens and Dryocoetes spp. baits, and the unbaited funnel trap were the most similar. The variation in trap catch with time and across landscapes suggests that the responses of subcortical insects to semiochemicals are more complex than previously appreciated. C1 [Gandhi, Kamal J. K.; Seybold, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gandhi, Kamal J. K.; Gilmore, Daniel W.; Seybold, Steven J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Haack, Robert A.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Katovich, Steven A.] USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Krauth, Steven J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Mattson, William J.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Zasada, John C.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjseybold@gmail.com FU Departments of Entomology and Forest Resources, UMN; Dayton Natural History Fund; Bell Museum of Natural History; Carolyn M. Crosby Graduate School Fellowship; Alexander P. and Lydia Anderson Graduate School Fellowship; Doctoral Dissertation Graduate School Fellowship; Doctoral Dissertation Research Graduate School Award; University of Minnesota; Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP) Scholarships; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station [MN-17-070, MIN-42-034]; USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Monitoring, Evaluation Monitoring Program [01-GD-11244225-196, 01-DG-11244225-196]; Joint Fire Science Program [00-2-23]; USDA Forest Service Northern and Pacific Southwest Research Stations; Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry; Natural Resources, University of Georgia FX We thank P. Anderson, D. Blackford, M. Cavaleri, L. Freund, A. Graves, J. Kyhl, and J. Koehle (University of Minnesota) for field assistance. We are also grateful to M. and J. Albers, R. Maki, B. Tiplady, and N. La Trace [Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MN-DNR)], T. Petrice (USDA Forest Service, Michigan), and D. Neitzke, P. Johnson, T. Norman, and M. Theimer [USDA Forest Service, Superior National Forest, Gunflint Ranger District (SNF-GRD)], for assistance with field logistics. Funnel traps (provided by MN-DNR) were emptied and re-randomized with the assistance of fire suppression, silviculture, and fuel-reduction crews of the MN-DNR and SNF-GRD. R. D. Cook (University of Minnesota) and J. Baldwin (USDA Forest Service, Albany, CA) provided statistical guidance. We thank D. Langor (Canadian Forest Service, Edmonton) for species identification of Pissodes spp. and A. Graves for assistance with the museum survey. Funding for this project was provided by the Departments of Entomology and Forest Resources, UMN; the 2001 Dayton Natural History Fund, Bell Museum of Natural History, the 2002 Carolyn M. Crosby Graduate School Fellowship, the 2003 Alexander P. and Lydia Anderson Graduate School Fellowship, the 2004 Doctoral Dissertation Graduate School Fellowship, and the 2004 Doctoral Dissertation Research Graduate School Award, University of Minnesota all to KJKG; 2002 and 2003 Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP) Scholarships to H. Krause and L. Freund, the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (Projects MN-17-070 to SJS and MIN-42-034 to DWG); two grants from the USDA Forest Service-Forest Health Monitoring, Evaluation Monitoring Program (01-GD-11244225-196, 01-DG-11244225-196) to DWG and SJS in 2001 -2003; a Joint Fire Science Program Grant (00-2-23) to JCZ and DWG in 2000 -2003; the USDA Forest Service Northern and Pacific Southwest Research Stations; and the Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia. NR 188 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1384 EP 1410 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9724-3 PG 27 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551KH UT WOS:000274206600001 PM 20066478 ER PT J AU Guedot, C Millar, JG Horton, DR Landolt, PJ AF Guedot, Christelle Millar, Jocelyn G. Horton, David R. Landolt, Peter J. TI Identification of a Sex Attractant Pheromone for Male Winterform Pear Psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; Psyllidae; Sex attraction; Mate location; Olfactometer; Cuticular extracts; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Diapause ID BUTTERFLIES COLIAS-EURYTHEME; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; INSECT HYDROCARBONS; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; CHEMICAL ECOLOGY; HOMOPTERA; VOLATILES; DIAPAUSE; LEPIDOPTERA; SEASONALITY AB Pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a major economic pest of pears, uses a female-produced sex attractant pheromone. We compared the chemical profiles obtained from cuticular extracts of diapausing and post-diapause winterform males and females to isolate and identify the pheromone. Post-diapause females produced significantly more of the cuticular hydrocarbon, 13-methylheptacosane, than post-diapause males and diapausing females. In olfactometer assays, conspecific males were attracted to synthetic racemic 13-methylheptacosane, whereas females were not, indicating that the behavioral response to this chemical is sex-specific. Furthermore, 13-methylheptacosane was as attractive to males as a cuticular extract of females, suggesting that this chemical was largely responsible for the female attractiveness. A field study showed that males but not females were attracted to 13-methylheptacosane, confirming the olfactometer results. This study provides evidence that 13-methylheptacosane is a sex attractant pheromone for C. pyricola winterform males. This is the first identification of a sex pheromone in the Psylloidea. Our results open the path to developing monitoring tools and possibly new strategies for integrated pest management of this insect. C1 [Guedot, Christelle; Horton, David R.; Landolt, Peter J.] ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Millar, Jocelyn G.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Guedot, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM christelle.guedot@ars.usda.gov FU United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [US-4048-07]; USDA-CSREES-NR [2006-35302-17475]; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission [PR-05-504] FX We are grateful to Deb Broers and Merilee Bayer for conducting olfactometer and field assays and to Bonnie Ohler and J. Steven McElfresh for their assistance with the chemistry. We are also grateful to Erik Wenninger, David Hall, and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. This research was supported by Research Grant Award No. US-4048-07 from the United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD), USDA-CSREES-NRI (2006-35302-17475), and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission (PR-05-504). NR 39 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1437 EP 1447 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9725-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551KH UT WOS:000274206600005 PM 20063206 ER PT J AU Staples, JK Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Whitman, D AF Staples, Joseph K. Bartelt, Robert J. Cosse, Allard A. Whitman, Douglas W. TI Sex Pheromone of the Pine False Webworm Acantholyda erythrocephala SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sex pheromone; Pine false webworm; Sawfly; Acantholyda erythrocephala; Cuticular hydrocarbon; Abitotic oxidation; Nonanal; Decanal; (Z)-6,14-pentadecadienal; Pentacosane; (Z)-9-pentacosene; (Z)-1,9-pentacosadiene; (Z,Z)-1,9,15-pentacosatriene; Hymenoptera; Pamphiliidae ID ALASKENSIS ROHWER HYMENOPTERA; CEPHALCIA-LARICIPHILA-WACHTL; AIR OXIDATION-PRODUCT; NEODIPRION-SERTIFER; CHEMICAL-IDENTIFICATION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; DIPRION-NIPPONICA; L. HYMENOPTERA; FIELD RESPONSE; PAMPHILIIDAE AB Females of the pine false webworm Acantholyda erythrocephala (L) produce the sex pheromone (Z)-6,14-pentadecadienal, which attracts flying males in the field. By using gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we detected (Z)-6,14-pentadecadienal in volatile collections and in whole body extracts of female A. erythrocephala. Females, but not males, also exhibited a 25-carbon cuticular hydrocarbon, (Z,Z)-1,9,15-pentacosatriene, which can oxidize to (Z)-6,14-pentadecadienal upon exposure to air and sunlight. (Z,Z)-1,9,15-Pentacosatriene and (Z)-6,14-pentadecadienal identifications were corroborated by comparison with synthetic standards. (Z)-6,14-Pentadecadienal is the second pheromone identified for pamphilliid sawflies, and the first to elicit strong field attraction, and thus offer potential as a pheromone lure to aid in control of this forest pest. C1 [Staples, Joseph K.] Univ So Maine, Dept Environm Sci, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Bartelt, Robert J.; Cosse, Allard A.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Whitman, Douglas W.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci 4120, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Staples, JK (reprint author), Univ So Maine, Dept Environm Sci, 37 Coll Ave, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM jstaples@usm.maine.edu NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1448 EP 1460 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9736-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551KH UT WOS:000274206600006 PM 20063203 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Taylor, J Perry, KR Capelli, C AF Kimball, Bruce A. Taylor, Jimmy Perry, Kelly R. Capelli, Christina TI Deer Responses to Repellent Stimuli SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aversion; Foraging behavior; Herbivore; Odocoileus virginianus; Wildlife damage management ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ACTIVE INGREDIENTS; HYDROLYZED CASEIN; DELIVERY SYSTEMS; MULE DEER; PREFERENCE; AVERSIONS; HERBIVORE; TOXICITY; EFFICACY AB Four repellents representing different modes of action (neophobia, irritation, conditioned aversion, and flavor modification) were tested with captive white-tailed deer in a series of two-choice tests. Two diets differing significantly in energy content were employed in choice tests so that incentive to consume repellent-treated diets varied according to which diet was treated. When the high-energy diet was treated with repellents, only blood (flavor modification) and capsaicin (irritation) proved highly effective. Rapid habituation to the odor of meat and bone meal (neophobia) presented in a sachet limited its effectiveness as a repellent under conditions with a high feeding motivation. Thiram, a stimulus used to condition aversions, was not strongly avoided in these trials, that included only limited exposures to the repellent. These data support previous studies indicating that habituation to odor limits the effectiveness of repellents that are not applied directly to food, while topically-applied irritants and animal-based products produce significant avoidance. C1 [Kimball, Bruce A.; Taylor, Jimmy; Perry, Kelly R.; Capelli, Christina] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kimball, Bruce A.] USDA APHIS WS NWRC, Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Taylor, Jimmy; Perry, Kelly R.; Capelli, Christina] USDA APHIS WS NWRC, Olympia Field Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM bruce.a.kimball@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1461 EP 1470 DI 10.1007/s10886-009-9721-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551KH UT WOS:000274206600007 PM 20013037 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sutton, DA Rinaldi, MG Gueidan, C Crous, PW Geiser, DM AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sutton, Deanna A. Rinaldi, Michael G. Gueidan, Cecile Crous, Pedro W. Geiser, David M. TI Novel Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme Reveals High Genetic Diversity of Human Pathogenic Members of the Fusarium incarnatum-F. equiseti and F. chlamydosporum Species Complexes within the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUNGUS ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; VITRO ANTIFUNGAL RESISTANCE; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; GINSENG FIELDS; CONTACT-LENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION; POLYMORPHISM; INFECTIONS AB Species limits within the clinically important Fusarium incarnatum-F. equiseti and F. chlamydosporum species complexes (FIESC and FCSC, respectively) were investigated using multilocus DNA sequence data. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses of aligned DNA sequences from four loci resolved 28 species within the FIESC, within which the species were evenly divided among two clades designated Incarnatum and Equiseti, and four species within the FCSC. Sequence data from a fifth locus, beta-tubulin, was excluded from the study due to the presence of highly divergent paralogs or xenologs. The multilocus haplotype nomenclature adopted in a previous study (K. O'Donnell, D. A. Sutton, A. Fothergill, D. McCarthy, M. G. Rinaldi, M. E. Brandt, N. Zhang, and D. M. Geiser, J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:2477-2490, 2008) was expanded to all of the species within the FIESC and FCSC to provide the first DNA sequence-based typing schemes for these fusaria, thereby facilitating future epidemiological investigations. Multilocus DNA typing identified sixty-two sequence types (STs) among 88 FIESC isolates and 20 STs among 26 FCSC isolates. This result corresponds to indices of discrimination of 0.985 and 0.966, respectively, for the FIESC and FCSC four-locus typing scheme using Simpson's index of discrimination. Lastly, four human and two veterinary isolates, received as members of the FIESC or FCSC, were resolved as five phylogenetically distinct species nested outside these species complexes. To our knowledge, these five species heretofore have not been reported to cause mycotic infections (i.e., F. armeniacum, F. brachygibbosum, F. flocciferum, and two unnamed Fusarium species within the F. tricinctum species complex). C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sutton, Deanna A.; Rinaldi, Michael G.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Gueidan, Cecile; Crous, Pedro W.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Geiser, David M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Gueidan, Cecile/C-8803-2014; Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; NR 52 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3851 EP 3861 DI 10.1128/JCM.01616-09 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 525QD UT WOS:000272230500009 PM 19828752 ER PT J AU Daniels, KM Capuco, AV McGilliard, ML James, RE Akers, RM AF Daniels, K. M. Capuco, A. V. McGilliard, M. L. James, R. E. Akers, R. M. TI Effects of milk replacer formulation on measures of mammary growth and composition in Holstein heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stem cell; mammary gland; milk replacer; prepubertal heifer ID NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; PREPUBERTAL HEIFERS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; MITOGENIC ACTIVITY; DAIRY HEIFERS; STEM-CELLS; FAT PAD; EXPRESSION; EXTRACTS; GLAND AB Overfeeding prepubertal heifers may impair mammary parenchymal growth and reduce milk production, but evidence suggests that increased intake of a high-protein milk replacer before weaning may be beneficial. This study was designed to evaluate effects of milk replacer (MR) composition on mass and composition of mammary parenchyma and fat pad, growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis gene expression, and putative mammary epithelial stem cells. Specifically, we hypothesized that positive effects of faster rates of gain during the preweaning period alter the development, persistence, or activity of populations of putative mammary epithelial stem cells, possibly through involvement of GH/IGF-I axis molecules. Twenty-four newborn heifers were fed 1 of 4 MR diets (n = 6/diet): control [20% crude protein (CP), 21% fat MR fed at 441 g of dry matter (DM)/d], high protein, low fat (28% CP, 20% fat MR fed at 951 g of DM/d), high protein, high fat (27% CP, 28% fat MR fed at 951 g of DM/d), and high protein, high fat+ (27% CP, 28% fat MR fed at 1,431 g of DM/d). Water and starter (20% CP, 1.43% fat) were offered ad libitum. Animals were killed on d 65 and mammary tissue was subjected to biochemical, molecular, and histological examination. No differences in mammary parenchymal mass or composition, with or without adjusting for empty body weight, were detected. Mass was increased and composition of the mammary fat pad was altered by nutrient intake. No diet differences in putative mammary epithelial stem cell abundance or abundance of transcripts for genes of the GH/IGF-I axis were detected. In this study, growth of the mammary epithelium, size of the mammary epithelial stem cell population, and components of the GH/IGF-I axis did not depend on diet. However, an underlying positive correlation between telomerase, a marker of mammary stem cells, and growth of the mammary parenchyma was detected. Implications of diet-induced effects on mammary fat pad and possible effects on subsequent development and function remain to be determined. C1 [Daniels, K. M.; McGilliard, M. L.; James, R. E.; Akers, R. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Capuco, A. V.] Agr Res Serv, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Akers, RM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM rma@vt.edu OI Daniels, Kristy/0000-0002-1437-1457 FU John Lee Pratt Fellowship; Land O'Lakes, Inc.; Animal Milk Products Co. FX The authors thank K. F. Knowlton and S. R. Hill (Virginia Tech, Blacksburg) for their collaborative efforts on other aspects of this project. K. M. Daniels was the recipient of a John Lee Pratt Fellowship in Animal Nutrition at Virginia Tech and thanks the funding organization for their financial support. Project support from Land O'Lakes, Inc. Animal Milk Products Co. (Shoreview, MN) is also appreciated. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 12 BP 5937 EP 5950 DI 10.3168/jds.2008-1959 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 521RG UT WOS:000271940000014 PM 19923598 ER PT J AU Mills, JA Zarlenga, DS Habecker, PL Dyer, RM AF Mills, J. A. Zarlenga, D. S. Habecker, P. L. Dyer, R. M. TI Age, segment, and horn disease affect expression of cytokines, growth factors, and receptors in the epidermis and dermis of the bovine claw SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytokine; growth factor; sole ulceration ID FACTOR GENE-EXPRESSION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; IN-VIVO; INDUCTION; BETA; SKIN; INTERLEUKIN-1; KERATINIZATION; INFLAMMATION; FIBROBLASTS AB The aim of this study was to examine changes in RNA expression for growth factors, cytokines, and receptors in epidermal-dermal tissues of the bovine claw relative to host age, claw segment, and disease state of the horn. Epidermal-dermal tissues were collected from the coronary, wall, sole, and bulb segments of 8- to 9-mo-old Holstein fetuses, normal adult cows, and adult cows with sole ulceration. Anatomic and pathologic characteristics were determined in tissues stained with eosin and hematoxylin, and RNA expression levels were evaluated using real-time, quantitative PCR. In normal tissues, certain RNA expression levels were clearly affected by host age: 290.0-, 610.0-, 53.4-, and 8.1-fold greater expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor was observed in fetal coronary, wall, sole, and bulb segment relative to adult tissues, respectively. A claw segment effect was also observed in that IL-1 alpha expression was greater (1.59-fold) in the normal adult wall relative to the coronary segment, and IL-18 expression was greater (16.2-fold) in the normal adult sole compared with the coronary segment and 2.88 greater in the fetal sole relative to the bulb segment. Sole ulceration was associated with hemorrhage, thrombosis, inflammation, and striking increases in IL-1 beta, IL-18, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and with less dramatic, albeit measurable, changes in IL-1 type I receptor, IL-1 receptor antagonist, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Amidst striking increases in keratinocyte growth factor receptor (i.e., 21.0-fold, 10.4-fold, 0, and 21.6-fold in the coronary, wall, sole, and bulb segments, respectively), a concomitant decrease occurred in keratinocyte growth factor (i.e., 0.80-, 0.54-, 0.56-, and 0.72-fold, respectively). The results demonstrated changes in disease state and, to a lesser extent, claw segment and were accompanied by alterations in the RNA expression of several cytokines, growth factors, and receptors present in the normal claw. C1 [Dyer, R. M.] Univ Delaware, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. [Mills, J. A.] Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol & Cell Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. [Zarlenga, D. S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Habecker, P. L.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, George D Widner Hosp Large Anim, New Bolton Ctr,Dept Pathobiol, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Dyer, RM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM rdyer@udel.edu NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 12 BP 5977 EP 5987 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2097 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 521RG UT WOS:000271940000017 PM 19923601 ER PT J AU do Amaral, BC Connor, EE Tao, S Hayen, J Bubolz, J Dahl, GE AF do Amaral, B. C. Connor, E. E. Tao, S. Hayen, J. Bubolz, J. Dahl, G. E. TI Heat-stress abatement during the dry period: Does cooling improve transition into lactation? SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cattle; dry period; heat stress; gene expression ID SHORT-DAY PHOTOPERIOD; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACIDS; CALF BIRTH-WEIGHT; DAIRY-COWS; GENE-EXPRESSION; FATTY-ACIDS; SHORT COMMUNICATION; MILK-PRODUCTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MAMMARY-GLAND AB Environmental factors, especially temperature and light exposure, influence the health and productivity of dairy cows during lactation, possibly via similar physiological mechanisms. For example, heat stress is a critical component of decreased milk yield during summer. However, less is known about the effect of heat stress during the dry period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat stress prepartum under a controlled photoperiod on lactation performance and hepatic metabolic gene expression of periparturient multiparous Holstein cows (n = 16). Cows were dried off approximately 46 d before expected calving date and assigned to treatment randomly after blocking by mature equivalent milk production and parity. Treatments consisted of either heat stress (HT) or cooling (CL) with fans and sprinklers, both under a photoperiod of 14L:10D. Rectal temperature was measured twice daily during the dry period. After calving, cows were housed in a freestall barn with cooling devices, and milk yield was recorded daily up to 210 d in milk. Blood samples were taken from dry off until + 42 d relative to calving for metabolites and from -2 until + 2 d relative to calving for hormone analysis. Daily dry matter intake was measured from -35 to + 42 d relative to calving. Liver biopsies were collected at dry off, -20, + 2, and + 20 d relative to calving for cows on HT (n = 5) and CL (n = 4) to measure mRNA expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS-2), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5), a key transcription factor in lipid biosynthesis (SREBP-1c), and enzymes of lipid metabolism (FASN, ACACA, and ACADVL) by real-time quantitative PCR. Heat stress increased rectal temperatures (39.2 vs. 38.8 degrees C), plasma prolactin concentrations at -1 (171 vs. 79 ng/mL) and 0 d (210 vs. 115 ng/mL) relative to calving, and decreased dry matter intake at 0 and + 14 d relative to calving and 3.5% fat-corrected milk postpartum (26.1 vs. 35.4 kg/d) compared with CL cows. Relative to CL cows, hepatic mRNA expression of SOCS-2 and IGFBP-5 was downregulated in HT cows. Expression of ACADVL was upregulated in CL cows at d + 2 but downregulated at d + 20 relative to HT cows. Concentrations of C16:0 and cis C18:1 were greater in the milk and liver of CL cows compared with HT cows, which reflects greater lipid mobilization. These results suggest that heat-stress abatement in the dry period improves subsequent lactation, possibly via suppression of plasma prolactin surge around calving, SOCS-2 expression, and regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. C1 [do Amaral, B. C.; Tao, S.; Hayen, J.; Bubolz, J.; Dahl, G. E.] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Connor, E. E.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dahl, GE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM gdahl@ufl.edu NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 12 BP 5988 EP 5999 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2343 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 521RG UT WOS:000271940000018 PM 19923602 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Clark, RN Straus, DC AF Purdy, C. W. Clark, R. N. Straus, D. C. TI Ambient and indoor particulate aerosols generated by dairies in the southern High Plains SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy aerosolized dust; particulate size; disease potential ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; WEANLING GOATS; FEEDYARD DUST; AIR-POLLUTION; ENDOTOXIN; ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY; SUMMER; CATTLE; PLAYAS AB The objectives were to quantify and size ambient aerosolized dust in and around the facilities of 4 southern High Plains dairies of New Mexico and to determine where health of workers might be vulnerable to particulate aerosols, based on aerosol concentrations that exceed national air quality standards. Ambient dust air samples were collected upwind (background) and downwind of 3 dairy location sites (loafing pen boundary, commodity, and compost field). The indoor milking parlor, a fourth site, was monitored immediately upwind and downwind. Aerosolized particulate samples were collected using high-volume sequential reference air samplers, laser aerosol monitors, and cyclone air samplers. The overall (main effects and estimable interactions) statistical general linear model statement for particulate matter (PM(10); particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 10 mu m) and PM(2.5) resulted in a greater mean concentration of dust in the winter (PM(10) = 97.4 +/- 4.4 mu g/m(3); PM(2.5) = 32.6 +/- 2.6 mu g/m(3)) compared with the summer (PM(10) = 71.9 +/- 5.0 mu g/m(3); PM(2.5) = 18.1 +/- 1.2 mu g/m(3)). The upwind and downwind boundary PM10 concentrations were significantly higher in the winter (upwind = 64.3 +/- 9.5 mu g/m(3); downwind = 119.8 +/- 13.0 mu g/m(3)) compared with the summer (upwind = 35.2 +/- 7.5 mu g/m(3); downwind = 66.8 +/- 11.8 mu g/m(3)). The milking parlor PM(10) and PM(2.5) concentration data were significantly higher in the winter (PM(10) = 119.5 +/- 5.8 mu g/m(3); PM(2.5) = 55.3 +/- 5.8 mu g/m(3)) compared with the summer (PM(10) = 88.6.0 +/- 5.8 mu g/m(3); PM(2.5) = 21.0 +/- 2.1 mu g/m(3)). Personnel should be protected from high aerosol concentrations found at the commodity barn, compost field, and milking parlor during the winter. C1 [Straus, D. C.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Purdy, C. W.; Clark, R. N.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Straus, DC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM David.Straus@ttuhsc.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 12 BP 6033 EP 6045 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2498 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 521RG UT WOS:000271940000022 PM 19923606 ER PT J AU Nonnecke, BJ Foote, MR Miller, BL Fowler, M Johnson, TE Horst, RL AF Nonnecke, B. J. Foote, M. R. Miller, B. L. Fowler, M. Johnson, T. E. Horst, R. L. TI Effects of chronic environmental cold on growth, health, and select metabolic and immunologic responses of preruminant calves SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE preruminant calf; cold stress; neonatal immunity; calf physiology ID MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE POPULATIONS; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; DIETARY VITAMIN-A; NEONATAL CALVES; MILK REPLACER; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; EARLY VACCINATION; PLASMA; HAPTOGLOBIN; INFECTION AB The physiological response of the preruminant calf to sustained exposure to moderate cold has not been studied extensively. Effects of cold on growth performance and health of preruminant calves as well as functional measures of energy metabolism, fat-soluble vitamin, and immune responsiveness were evaluated in the present study. Calves, 3 to 10 d of age, were assigned randomly to cold (n = 14) or warm (n = 15) indoor environments. Temperatures in the cold environment averaged 4.7 degrees C during the study. Frequent wetting of the environment and the calves was used to augment effects of the cold environment. Temperatures in the warm environment averaged 15.5 degrees C during the study. There was no attempt to increase the humidity in the warm environment. Preventative medications or vaccinations that might influence disease resistance were not administered. Nonmedicated milk replacer (20% crude protein and 20% fat fed at 0.45 kg/d) and a non-medicated starter grain fed ad libitum were fed to all calves. Relative humidity was, on average, almost 10% higher in the cold environment. Warm-environment calves were moderately healthier (i.e., lower respiratory scores) and required less antibiotics. Scour scores, days scouring, and electrolyte costs, however, were unaffected by environmental temperature. Growth rates were comparable in warm and cold environments, although cold-environment calves consumed more starter grain and had lower blood glucose and higher blood nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. The nonesterified fatty acid and glucose values for cold-stressed calves, however, did not differ sufficiently from normal values to categorize these calves as being in a state of negative-energy balance. Levels of fat-soluble vitamin, antibody, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and haptoglobin were unaffected by sustained exposure to moderate cold. These results support the contention that successful adaptation of the dairy calf to cold is dependent upon the availability of adequate nutrition. C1 [Nonnecke, B. J.; Horst, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Foote, M. R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Miller, B. L.; Fowler, M.; Johnson, T. E.] Land OLakes Inc, Webster City, IA 50595 USA. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM brian.nonnecke@ars.usda.gov FU Land O'Lakes Inc. (Webster, IA) FX The authors thank B. Perry and T. Martin of Land O'Lakes Inc. (Webster, IA) for their support during the animal component of the study and D. McDorman, N. Eischen, D. Hoy, and A. Hall from the National Animal Disease Center (Ames, IA) for technical support. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 12 BP 6134 EP 6143 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2517 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 521RG UT WOS:000271940000032 PM 19923616 ER PT J AU Davis, CG Blayney, DP Yen, ST Cooper, J AF Davis, C. G. Blayney, D. P. Yen, S. T. Cooper, J. TI An analysis of at-home demand for ice cream in the United States SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nielsen home scan retail data; dairy demand; elasticity; ice cream ID HOUSEHOLD CHEESE PURCHASES; BEHAVIOR AB Ice cream has been manufactured commercially in the United States since the middle of the 19th century. Ice cream and frozen dessert products comprise an important and relatively stable component of the United States dairy industry. As with many other dairy products, ice cream is differentiated in several dimensions. A censored translog demand system model was employed to analyze purchases of 3 ice cream product categories. The objective of this study was to determine the effect that changes in retail prices and consumer income have on at-home ice cream consumption. The analysis was based on Nielsen 2005 home scan retail data and used marital status, age, race, education, female employment status, and location in the estimations of aggregate demand elasticities. Results revealed that price and consumer income were the main determinants of demand for ice cream products. Calculated own-price elasticities indicated relatively elastic responses by consumers for all categories except for compensated bulk ice cream. All expenditure elasticities were inelastic except for bulk ice cream, and most of the ice cream categories were substitutes. Ongoing efforts to examine consumer demand for these products will assist milk producers, dairy processors and manufacturers, and dairy marketers as they face changing consumer responses to food and diet issues. C1 [Davis, C. G.; Blayney, D. P.; Cooper, J.] Econ Res Serv, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Yen, S. T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Davis, CG (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Markets & Trade Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM chrisdavis@ers.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 92 IS 12 BP 6210 EP 6216 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2536 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 521RG UT WOS:000271940000042 PM 19923626 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Lacey, LA Bishop, BJB AF Yee, Wee L. Lacey, Lawrence A. Bishop, Belinda J. B. TI Pupal Mortality and Adult Emergence of Western Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Exposed to the Fungus Muscodor albus (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; biofumigant; volatile organic compounds; sublethal effects; emergence delay ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; METHOPRENE; SOIL; GELECHIIDAE; TORTRICIDAE; AGENT; ROT AB Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a major pest of sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L. (Rosales: Rosaceae), that is conventionally controlled using insecticides. One alternative to the use of insecticides alone for fly control could be fumigation of the fly's over-wintering habitat using the fungus Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel & Hess (Xylariales: Xylariaceae) in conjunction with reduced insecticide use. The fungus produces a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are biocidal for a variety of organisms. In this study, the main objectives were to determine the effects of M. albus VOCs on mortality of R. indifferens pupae and on adult emergence under laboratory conditions. In fumigation chamber experiments, a 14-d exposure of pupae in soil to VOCs resulted in 61.9% control, and exposure to VOCs for 7, 10, and 14 d reduced fly emergence by 44.2, 70.0, and 86.3%, respectively, relative to controls. In an experiment using plastic covers to retain VOCs in treated soil, a concentration of 1% M. albus formulation (fungus + rye grain) did not affect pupal mortality and fly emergence, but a concentration of 5% M. albus formulation resulted in 27.4% control and reduced fly emergence by 30.1% relative to the control. Larvae of R. indifferens that were dropped onto soil with 1% M. albus formulation were not affected by the fungus. Results indicate that prolonged exposure and high concentrations of M. albus VOCs can cause significant mortality of R. indifferens pupae in soil and delay adult emergence. C1 [Yee, Wee L.; Lacey, Lawrence A.; Bishop, Belinda J. B.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2041 EP 2047 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800004 PM 20069829 ER PT J AU Myers, SW Fraser, I Mastro, VC AF Myers, Scott W. Fraser, Ivich Mastro, Victor C. TI Evaluation of Heat Treatment Schedules for Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thermotolerance; heat sterilization; wood borers ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; MORTALITY; LARVAE; LOGS AB The thermotolerance of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), was evaluated by subjecting larvae and prepupae to a number of time-temperature regimes. Three independent experiments were conducted during 2006 and 2007 by heating emerald ash borer infested firewood in laboratory ovens. Heat treatments were established based on the internal wood temperature. Treatments ranged from 45 to 65 degrees C for 30 and 60 min, and the ability of larvae to pupate and emerge as adults was used to evaluate the success of each treatment. A fourth experiment was conducted to examine heat treatments on exposed prepupae removed from logs and subjected to ambient temperatures of 50,55, and 60 degrees C for 15,30, 45, and 60 min. Results from the firewood experiments were consistent in the first experiment. Emergence data showed emerald ash borer larvae were capable of surviving a temperatures-time combination up to 60 degrees C for 30 min in wood. The 65 degrees C for 30 min treatment was, however, effective in preventing emerald ash borer emergence on both dates. Conversely, in the second experiment using saturated steam heat, complete mortality was achieved at 50 and 55 degrees C for both 30 and 60 min. Results from the prepupae experiment showed emerald ash borer survivorship in temperature-time combinations up to 55 degrees C for 30 min, and at 50 degrees C for 60 min; 60 degrees C for 15 min and longer was effective in preventing pupation in exposed prepupae. Overall results suggest that emerald ash borer survival is variable depending on beating conditions, and an internal wood temperature of 60 degrees C for 60 min should be considered the minimum for safe treatment for firewood. C1 [Myers, Scott W.; Mastro, Victor C.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Fraser, Ivich] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP Myers, SW (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM scott.myers@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA-APHIS-PPQ Emerald Ash Borer program [T6E01] FX We thank Tracy Ayer, Bob Haack, and Toby Petrice for contributions to this project. Gary Christin, Nicole Smith, and Mike Rietz spent many hours in field and laboratory helping with this study, and their help has been greatly appreciated. We thank Rick Bergman and the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (Madison, WI) for the use of the Blue-M environmental chamber to use in this project. Finally, we thank At Barak, Phil Lewis, Brent Wacholder, and Xiping Wang, for their comments in review of this manuscript. This was research project T6E01 funded through the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Emerald Ash Borer program. NR 34 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2048 EP 2055 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800005 PM 20069830 ER PT J AU White, JB Park, YL West, TP Tobin, PC AF White, Joseph B. Park, Yong-Lak West, Todd P. Tobin, Patrick C. TI Assessment of Potential Fumigants to Control Chaetodactylus krombeini (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) Associated With Osmia cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE formic acid; essential oil; wintergreen oil; Chaetodactylus krombeini; Osmia cornifrons ID APPLE ORCHARDS; HIVES AB With the recent decline of honey bees, Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), there is a need for alternative or supplemental crop pollinators, such as Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). However, O. cornifrons propagation could be impeded by a cleptoparasitic mite, Chaetodactylus krombeini Baker. We investigated the effects of formic acid and wintergreen oil on mortality of C. krombeini hypopi and O. cornifrons adults by determining the lethal concentration of each compound on each species. On average, >4.8 and >1.8 h were required to cause mortality in O. cornifrons adults when <2,473.5 ppm of formic acid and wintergreen oil was applied as a fumigant, respectively. When the two chemicals were directly applied to the exoskeleton of O. cornifrons adults, 353.4 ppm of wintergreen oil caused bee mortality within 10 min; however, no mortality was found with any formic acid application attempted. Mortality of C. krombeini hypopi occurred 5 and 10 min after application of > 176.7 ppm of formic acid and wintergreen oil, respectively. Estimates of LC(50) for C. krombeini hypopi treated with formic acid and wintergreen oil were 54.3 and 271.3 ppm, respectively. This study showed that C. krombeini could be controlled effectively without inducing O. cornifrons adult mortality based on concentration and duration of fumigation. C1 [White, Joseph B.; Park, Yong-Lak; West, Todd P.] W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Tobin, Patrick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Park, YL (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM yopark@mail.wvu.edu RI Park, Yong-Lak/F-4309-2012 FU Division of Plant and Soil Science at West Virginia University; Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Grant program FX We thank Bob McConnell for providing O. cornifrons for this experiment. We also thank Jim Amrine, and Vicki Kondo at West Virginia University for valuable suggestions related to this experiment. This project was supported by the Division of Plant and Soil Science at West Virginia University and the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Grant program. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2090 EP 2095 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800011 PM 20069836 ER PT J AU Crook, DJ Francese, JA Zylstra, KE Fraser, I Sawyer, AJ Bartels, DW Lance, DR Mastro, VC AF Crook, Damon J. Francese, Joseph A. Zylstra, Kelley E. Fraser, Ivich Sawyer, Alan J. Bartels, David W. Lance, David R. Mastro, Victor C. TI Laboratory and Field Response of the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), to Selected Regions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; electroretinogram; spectral sensitivity; insect trap color ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE COMPONENT; COLOR-VISION; INSECTS; RETINA; IDENTIFICATION; FAIRMAIRE; SYSTEMS; BEETLE AB Retinal sensitivity of Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) was examined with an aim to improve trap efficacy for the beetle. Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings from dark-adapted compound eyes of male and female were measured at different wavelengths across the spectrum ranging from 300 to 700 nm. The spectral sensitivity curves revealed peaks in the UV (340 nm), the violet/purple (420-430 nm), blue (460 nm), and green (540-560 nm) regions of the spectrum. Females were sensitive to red regions of the spectrum (640-670 nm), whereas males were not. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the wavelength and reflectance for ash foliage, purple corrugated plastic traps, as well as the elytra and abdomen of adult A. planipennis. Traps were painted using colors based on ERG and spectrophotometer measurements and compared with purple corrugated plastic traps currently used by the USDA-APHIS-PPQ-EAB National Survey. In a field assay conducted along the edges of several A. planipennis-infested ash stands, there were no significant differences in trap catch among green, red, or purple treatments. Dark blue traps caught significantly fewer A. planipennis than red, light green, or dark purple traps. In a second assay where purple and green treatments were placed in the mid canopy of ash trees (approximate to 13 m in height), trap catch was significantly higher on green treatments. We hypothesize that when placed in the mid-canopy, green traps constitute a foliage-type stimulus that elicits food-seeking and/or host seeking behavior by A. planipennis. C1 [Crook, Damon J.; Francese, Joseph A.; Sawyer, Alan J.; Lance, David R.; Mastro, Victor C.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Zylstra, Kelley E.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, CPHST, N Syracuse, NY 13212 USA. [Fraser, Ivich] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. [Bartels, David W.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Crook, DJ (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, PPQ, CPHST,Otis Lab, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM damon.j.crook@aphis.usda.gov FU APHIS PPQ Emerald Ash Borer program FX We thank Phil Lewis, David Williams (USDA-APHIS, Otis ANGB, MA) and Jon Sweeney (Canadian Forest Service, New Brunswick, Canada) for reviewing an earlier draft of the manuscript; the technicians and staff of the Brighton, MI, USDA-APHIS-PPQ office-Michael Rietz, Nicole Smith, Gary Christin, Kyle Gies, Joshua Warlick, Kelly Donovan, Bethany Boegler, Matthew Haack, and Lisa Loievsky-for fieldwork assistance; and Louie Kerr (Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA) for the loan and use of a Xenon lamp-monochromator system. This research was funded by the APHIS PPQ Emerald Ash Borer program. NR 35 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 24 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2160 EP 2169 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800020 PM 20069845 ER PT J AU Hayes, CJ Fettig, CJ Merrill, LD AF Hayes, Christopher J. Fettig, Christopher J. Merrill, Laura D. TI Evaluation of Multiple Funnel Traps and Stand Characteristics for Estimating Western Pine Beetle-Caused Tree Mortality SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus brevicomis; Pinus ponderosa; risk; stand density; trapping ID DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE COLEOPTERA; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS; OLD PONDEROSA PINE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; BARK-BEETLES; LODGEPOLE PINE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES COLEOPTERA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB The western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is a major cause of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., mortality in much of western North America. This study was designed to quantify relationships between western pine beetle trap catches [including those of its primary invertebrate predator Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae)], and levels of tree mortality attributed to western pine beetle at 44 trapping sites (stands) and within five general locations (forests) in California. Furthermore, we evaluated relationships between forest stand characteristics and levels of western pine beetle-caused tree mortality. Preliminary analyses were conducted by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) using tree mortality per hectare and percentage of tree mortality and 10 potential predictor variables. All predictor variables that had significant correlations (western pine beetle per day, western pine beetle: T. chlorodia, percentage of western pine beetle [percentage of total trap catch represented by western pine beetle], trees per hectare, basal area of all tree species, basal area of P. ponderosa, mean diameter at breast height [dbh] and stand density index) were considered for linear and multiple linear regression models for predicting levels of western pine beetle-caused tree mortality. Our results suggest monitoring western pine beetle populations through the use of pheromone-baited multiple funnel traps is not air effective means of predicting levels of western pine beetle-caused tree mortality. However, levels of western pine beetle-caused tree mortality can be efficiently predicted (adjusted R(2)>0.90) at large spatial scales (forests; approximate to 3,000-14,000 ha of contiguous host) by simply measuring stand density, specifically the basal area of all tree species or stand density index. The implications of these results to forest management are discussed. C1 [Hayes, Christopher J.; Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Stn, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Merrill, Laura D.] USA Garrison, Div Environm Sci, Yuma, AZ 85365 USA. RP Fettig, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Stn, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us FU USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative; U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Forest Health Protection FX We thank T. Blubaugh, R. Borys, C. Dabney, W. Dobrowolski, J. Fenn, E. Hanson, S. McKelvey, and J. Nowak (USDA Forest Service); C. Mauner (University of California); M. Patterson (University of Reno), A. Piscitelli (Humboldt State University), C. Stoll (Chico State University); and J. Young (Oregon State University) for technical assistance. In addition, we are grateful to the staff of Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest, Eldorado National Forest, Klamath National Forest, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, and San Bernardino National Forest (USDA Forest Service) for providing study sites. We thank R. Billings (Texas Forest Service), J. Hayes (Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service), and M. Haverty (Pacific Southwest Research Station) for helpful insight. A special thanks to J. McMillin (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service) and S. McKelvey for critiques that greatly improved earlier versions of this article. This research was supported, in part, by a USDA Western Bark Beetle Initiative grant (2004-1) (to C.J.F., L.M., and J. Negro), a U.S. President's Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (to C.J.F.), the Pacific Southwest Research Station, and Forest Health Protection. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2170 EP 2182 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800021 PM 20069846 ER PT J AU Johnson, DT Lewis, BA Bryant, RJ Liyanage, R Lay, JO Pszczolkowski, MA AF Johnson, D. T. Lewis, B. A. Bryant, R. J. Liyanage, R. Lay, J. O. Pszczolkowski, M. A. TI Attractants for the Green June Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aggregation; attractant; fruit volatiles; fermentation; mass trapping ID COTINIS-NITIDA COLEOPTERA; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; CARPOPHILUS-LUGUBRIS; NITIDULIDAE; VOLATILES; COMPONENTS; BEHAVIOR; AROMA; WINE AB The purpose of this stud), was to develop and evaluate lures for adult green June beetles, Cotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), for future use in a mass trapping program. Volatile organic compounds collected from headspace of green June beetles feeding on fermenting ripe apple (Malus spp.), the natural lure that elicits feeding aggregations, were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Yellow funnel traps baited with 91% isopropanol. or the five component blend were equally effective in eliciting aggregation behavior and often more attractive to green June beetles than the natural lure. In 2008, three trap lines adjacent and parallel to the perimeter of two vineyards, each with 12 Xpando yellow funnel traps baited with either 91% isopropanol or the five component blend, differed in catch of green June beetles across sample dates, and sample date by bait interaction but there were no differences among these two baits. A season total of 324,007 green June beetle were captured by these 36 baited traps. A brief review is included of fermentation volatiles attractive to insects. We conclude with the potential cost to use mass trapping against adult green June beetles. C1 [Johnson, D. T.; Lewis, B. A.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Bryant, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Liyanage, R.; Lay, J. O.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facil, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Pszczolkowski, M. A.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Agr, Mt Grove, MO 65711 USA. [Pszczolkowski, M. A.] Missouri State Univ, State Fruit Expt Stn, Mt Grove, MO 65711 USA. RP Johnson, DT (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM dtjohnso@uark.edu RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 FU Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium; Southern Region; MO Wine and Grape Board; USDA Viticulture Consortium-East; University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank Travis Crone, Brittany Hayworth, Eric Johnson, Jackie McKern, Emili Slamons, Brittany Slamons, Jeremiah Wilson, and Rachel Yingfing for technical assistance with this study. Special thanks to the fruit growers in Altus, Bethel Heights, Fayetteville, Hindsville and Springdale, AR, and Purdy, MO, who provided vineyards and orchards for trapping studies. Trece Inc. developed and provided the TRE8643, TRE8607 and GJB1 blends. Partial funding was provided by the Southern Region Small Fruit Consortium and the Southern Region IR-4 Program Project 2008-10, MO Wine and Grape Board, USDA Viticulture Consortium-East, and the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2224 EP 2232 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800027 PM 20069852 ER PT J AU Wiltz, BA Suiter, DR Gardner, WA AF Wiltz, B. A. Suiter, D. R. Gardner, W. A. TI Activity of Bifenthrin, Chlorfenapyr, Fipronil, and Thiamethoxam Against Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Linepithema humile; insecticide; horizontal toxicity; contact toxicity; barrier ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA; LABORATORY COLONIES; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; IRIDOMYRMEX-HUMILIS; TOXICITY; RHINOTERMITIDAE; INSECTICIDES; REPELLENCY; EFFICACY AB Bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, fipronil, and thiamethoxam were evaluated for activity against the Argentine ant, Linepitheyma humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mobility impairment and lethal times were determined after topical treatments. Ants were immobilized most quickly by bifenthrin, followed by chlorfenapyr and thiamethoxam. After 2 h, the number of fipronil-treated ants unable to walk out of test arenas did not differ from control ants. Median lethal time (LT,,) after topical treatment was lowest in the bifenthrin treatment, followed by thiamethoxam, chlorfenapyr, and then fipronil. Mortality due to horizontal exposure was evaluated at 10, 20, or 30 degrees C, with topically treated ant corpses serving as donors. There was low to moderate horizontal activity in bifenthrin and chlorfenapyr treatments, with no temperature effect in bifenthrin treatments and a positive temperature effect in chlorfenapyr treatments. Mortality in the fipronil treatments was highest and was positively correlated with temperature. Thiamethoxam treatments did not differ from controls at 10 degrees C, but mortality increased with temperature. To evaluate contact activity, either all of 20% of the ants in a cohort were exposed to insecticide-treated pine needles. In both tests, mortality was highest in fipronil and bifenthrin treatments, followed by thiamethoxam, with lowest mortality in chlorfenapyr treatments. Effectiveness as a barrier was evaluated by providing a choice between bridges treated with insecticide or water. Although bifenthrin did not provide an impenetrable barrier, it was the only treatment having fewer ants than its paired control. Mortality data suggest that lack of recruitment rather than repellency account for this result. C1 [Wiltz, B. A.; Suiter, D. R.; Gardner, W. A.] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Wiltz, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM beverly.wiltz@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2279 EP 2288 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800033 PM 20069858 ER PT J AU Barr, NB Hall, DG Weathersbee, AA Nguyen, R Stansly, P Qureshi, JA Flores, D AF Barr, N. B. Hall, D. G. Weathersbee, A. A., III Nguyen, R. Stansly, P. Qureshi, J. A. Flores, D. TI Comparison of Laboratory Colonies and Field Populations of Tamarixia radiata, an Ectoparasitoid of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Using Internal Transcribed Spacer and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I DNA Sequences SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; citrus greening; pathway analysis; DNA barcode ID FLORIDA CITRUS; RIBOSOMAL DNA; HEMIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; PARASITOIDS; HYMENOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE; HOMOPTERA; PRIMERS; DIPTERA AB The genetic diversity of Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) laboratory colonies derived from collections in China, northern Vietnam, Pakistan, and a mixed colony from Taiwan and southern Vietnam was evaluated using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1, ITS-2, and the 5' end of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. The strains share the same ITS sequence, consistent with the morphological hypothesis that the collections represent a single species. The COI marker was variable and could distinguish the northern Vietnam and Pakistan colonies from each other and from the other colonies. Comparison of COI sequences from field-collected populations of Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Texas indicates that Florida is not a likely source of the introduction into Puerto Rico but is a likely source of the introduction into Texas. C1 [Barr, N. B.; Flores, D.] USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Hall, D. G.; Weathersbee, A. A., III] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Nguyen, R.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Stansly, P.; Qureshi, J. A.] Univ Florida IFAS, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM norman.b.barr@aphis.usda.gov NR 47 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2325 EP 2332 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800039 PM 20069864 ER PT J AU Barr, NB Ledezma, LA Vasquez, JD Epstein, M Kerr, PH Kinnee, S Sage, O Gilligan, TM AF Barr, N. B. Ledezma, L. A. Vasquez, J. D. Epstein, M. Kerr, P. H. Kinnee, S. Sage, O. Gilligan, T. M. TI Molecular Identification of the Light Brown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in California Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Locus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tortricidae; barcodes; internal transcribed spacer; nested polymerase chain reaction ID DNA AB A molecular protocol using a hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) is reported for the diagnosis of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in California. This protocol distinguishes the light brown apple moth from other moths in California based on size differences of PCR amplicons that are visualized on agarose gels. The molecular diagnostic too] generated no false negatives based on analysis of 337 light brown apple moths collected from California, Hawaii, England, New Zealand, and Australia. Analysis of a data set including 424 moths representing other tortricid species generated correct identification for >95% of the samples and only two false positives. Of the 761 moths tested only fourteen produced no PCR amplicons and five generated inconclusive data. C1 [Barr, N. B.; Ledezma, L. A.; Vasquez, J. D.] USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Epstein, M.; Kerr, P. H.; Kinnee, S.; Sage, O.] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Gilligan, T. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Barr, NB (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM mexfly@gmail.com NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2333 EP 2342 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800040 PM 20069865 ER PT J AU El Khishen, AA Bohn, MO Prischmann-Voldseth, DA Dashiell, KE French, BW Hibbard, BE AF El Khishen, Ahmed A. Bohn, Martin O. Prischmann-Voldseth, Deirdre A. Dashiell, Kenton E. French, B. Wade Hibbard, Bruce E. TI Native Resistance to Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding: Characterization and Mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; antibiosis; maize ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; HYDROXAMIC ACID CONTENT; LECONTE COLEOPTERA; MAIZE GERMPLASM; DAMAGE; INFESTATIONS; HYBRIDS; EGGS; ANTIBIOSIS; TOLERANCE AB Seven maize, Zea mays L., genotypes selected for native resistance to western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), larval feeding damage (SUM2068, SUM2162, CRW3(S1)C6, NSS1XCRW3(S1)C6, PI583927, CRW2(C5), and AR17056-16) were evaluated along with three control maize genotypes in the field for plant damage, larval recovery, adult emergence, root size, and root regrowth. Larvae recovered were further analyzed for head capsule width and dry weight and adults for dry weight. All factors evaluated with the. exception of adult dry weight varied significantly among maize genotypes. Control genotypes included a highly susceptible hybrid, B37XH84, a transgenic rootworm-resistant hybrid expressing the modified Cry3A protein (MIR604), and the untransformed modern hybrid with the same genetic background as the MER604 we used (isoline) as a second susceptible control. In general, the genotypes previously selected for resistance to western corn rootworm larval feeding had less damage, fewer larvae recovered, smaller larvae recovered, and fewer adults recovered that the susceptible controls. SUM2162 was significantly less damaged than all other native sources of resistance. Western corn rootworm larvae recovered from SUM2162 and SUM2068 were significantly smaller in terms of head capsule width and average weight than larvae recovered from all other maize genotypes, indicating that antibiosis is a mechanism of resistance for these two hybrids. C1 [El Khishen, Ahmed A.; Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bohn, Martin O.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Prischmann-Voldseth, Deirdre A.; Dashiell, Kenton E.; French, B. Wade] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov FU Field Crops Research Institute; Maize Research Program, Egypt; USDA-ARS FX We thank Matt Higdon, Rebecca Bukowsky, Tim Praiswater, Julie Barry, David Schneider, Ryan Moran, Gary Hegg, and Darci Borkowski (USDA-ARS) for technical assistance on vanous aspects of this work. We thank Siidwestsaat GbR (now part of Dow AgroSciences), Syngenta Seeds, AgReliant Genetics, and the USDA-ARS North Central Regional Plant Introdoctiori Station for providing seed for evaluation. We thank the Field Crops Research Institute, Maize Research Program, Egypt, and USDA-ARS for funding. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2350 EP 2359 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800042 ER PT J AU Heath, RR Vazquez, A Schnell, EQ Villareal, J Kendra, PE Epsky, ND AF Heath, Robert R. Vazquez, Aime Schnell, Elena Q. Villareal, Janett Kendra, Paul E. Epsky, Nancy D. TI Dynamics of pH Modification of an Acidic Protein Bait Used for Tropical Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit fly attractants; NuLure; borax; Anastrepha; Bactrocera ID SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; FLY DIPTERA; AMMONIA; HYDROLYSATE; LURES; ATTRACTIVENESS; FORMULATIONS; FEMALES; CAPTURE; CITRUS AB Several species of Anastrepha and Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are captured in traps baited with the protein bait NuLure combined with borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) in an aqueous solution, typically 9% NuLure (vol:vol) with 3% borax (wt:vol). NuLure is an acid hydrolysate of corn and has an acidic pH. Addition of borax makes the solution more alkaline, and increase in alkalinity results in increase of ammonia release from the bait solution. This is a very dynamic system, with resultant pH affected by factors such as the amount of borax added, the pH of the water used for preparation, the age of the bait solution, and the development of microbial growth. Problems with borax include amount needed to increase alkalinity of NuLure solutions, which creates difficulties in disposing of spent bait in fruit fly trapping programs. Therefore, research was conducted to evaluate NaOH as an alternative method to increase alkalinity of NuLure solutions. Laboratory experiments compared effect of NaOH versus borax for pH modification on changes in pH and ammonia content of NuLure solutions over time. Although NuLure/NaOH solutions could be adjusted to a more alkaline pH than NuLure/borax solutions, borax plays a critical role in pH stability over time. However, the pH of NuLure/NaOH is stabilized when propylene glycol (10% vol:vol) was used to prepare the bait solution. The use of NaOH can provide an alternative to the use of borax to increase bait solution alkalinity. C1 [Heath, Robert R.; Vazquez, Aime; Schnell, Elena Q.; Villareal, Janett; Kendra, Paul E.; Epsky, Nancy D.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Heath, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM bob.heath@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 2371 EP 2376 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529CH UT WOS:000272492800044 PM 20069869 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD AF Jabro, Jay D. TI Predicting Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity from Percolation Test Results in Layered Silt Loam Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FLOW; TEST HOLE; PERMEAMETER AB The objectives of the study discussed in this article were to develop an empirical relationship between the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of layered soils and their percolation times (PT) in order to understand the influence of individual layers and compare this with the equations developed by Winneberger (1974) and Fritton, Ratvasky, and Petersen (1986). Field research was conducted on three silt loam soils. Six holes were spaced evenly in two parallel rows of three holes. The Ks was measured at three different layers for each soil using a constant head well permeameter. After completion of the second Ks measurement, the percolation test was conducted. Three linear equations for the upper, middle, and lower layers were developed between the Ks values of each individual layer in all three sites and the corresponding PT. Significant differences were found between the author's results and those predicted by Winneberger (1974) and Fritton and co-authors (1986). C1 USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSOC PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2009 VL 72 IS 5 BP 22 EP 26 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 528ZX UT WOS:000272486600005 PM 20063609 ER PT J AU McCabe-Sellers, BJ Chenard, CA Lovera, D Champagne, CM Bogle, ML Kaput, J AF McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J. Chenard, Catherine Ann Lovera, Dalia Champagne, Catherine M. Bogle, Margaret L. Kaput, Jim TI Readiness of food composition databases and food component analysis systems for nutrigenomics SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Nutrient Database Conference CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Ottawa, CANADA DE Nutrigenomics; Dietetics; Nutrition assessment; Nutrition surveys; Food composition; Food composition databases; Diet ID NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS; NUTRIENT DATABASE; HEALTH; ENDB; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; MEDICINE; PROJECT; CANCER AB The two-fold purpose of this paper is to examine the adequacy of food composition databases and dietary assessment techniques to meet the needs of nutritional genomic research and to explore the challenges and opportunities presented by the emerging field of nutrigenomics to future development of food composition databases and food composition analysis systems. A review Of published literature and the Internet for organizations and their ongoing dialogues were used to explore how current food composition databases and nutritional assessment methodology could be made more useful in nutrigenomics research. An outline of current projects and potential approaches to develop more reliable and cost-effective methods for the study of nutrigenomics in diverse populations is presented. Many issues related to these dietary and database methodologies need to be addressed and overcome if nutrigenomics is to reach its potential for promoting optimal health through better individualization of diet and physical activity recommendations. To meet the complex research and clinical challenges of individualizing nutrition and health care, a network of diverse health care professionals and scientists is needed to move the world toward optimal health practices. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [McCabe-Sellers, Beverly J.; Lovera, Dalia; Bogle, Margaret L.] ARS, USDA, Delta Obes Prevent Res Unit, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Chenard, Catherine Ann] Univ Iowa, Inst Clin & Translat Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Champagne, Catherine M.] Pennington Biol Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Kaput, Jim] US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Personalized Nutr & Med, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP McCabe-Sellers, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Delta Obes Prevent Res Unit, 900 S Shackleford Rd,Suite 509, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM bev.mccabe-sellers@ars.usda.gov NR 70 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 BP S57 EP S62 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.02.004 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 540ZB UT WOS:000273379000011 ER PT J AU Stuff, JE Goh, ET Barrera, SL Bondy, ML Forman, MR AF Stuff, Janice E. Goh, Eugenia T. Barrera, Stephanie L. Bondy, Melissa L. Forman, Michele R. TI Construction of an N-nitroso database for assessing dietary intake SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Nutrient Database Conference CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Ottawa, CANADA DE N-nitroso compounds; Dietary carcinogens; Food data; Food safety; Food composition database; Food analysis; Food composition ID CHILDHOOD BRAIN-TUMORS; HUMAN CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; GASTRIC-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; HOT DOGS; FOOD; NITROSAMINES; EXPOSURE; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Dietary N-nitroso compounds are carcinogens synthesized during food processing from two main classes of precursors, oxides of nitrogen and amines or amides. Quantification of the dietary intake of N-nitroso compounds is significant to human cancers, including those of the stomach and upper gastro-intestinal tract, colon, and brain. Previous studies investigating these cancers primarily used proxy estimates of N-nitroso intake and not a full and complete database. In this report, we describe the development of a database to be used in conjunction with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) or 24 h dietary records. Published analytical data for N-nitroso compounds were compiled and evaluated for inclusion in the database. The final database consisted of 23 different N-nitroso compounds for 500 foods from 39 different food subgroups. Next, database foods were matched to foods in a standard FFQ by imputation, or calculated value, or assumed zero. Using the FFQ modified with N-nitroso values, we evaluated the ability to compute N-nitroso intakes for a sample of healthy control subjects of cancer epidemiological studies. N-nitroso content of food items ranged from <0.01 mu g/100 g to 142 mu g/100 g and the richest sources were sausage, smoked meats, bacon, and luncheon meats. The database is useful to quantify N-nitroso intake for observational and epidemiological studies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Stuff, Janice E.; Goh, Eugenia T.] Baylor Coll Med, ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Barrera, Stephanie L.; Bondy, Melissa L.; Forman, Michele R.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77230 USA. RP Stuff, JE (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jstuff@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [R03 CA103515, R03 CA103515-01, R01 CA070917] NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 BP S42 EP S47 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.01.008 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 540ZB UT WOS:000273379000008 PM 20161416 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, TP Hull, SG McNutt, S Mittl, B Islam, N Guenther, PM Thompson, FE Potischman, NA Subar, AF AF Zimmerman, Thea Palmer Hull, Stephen G. McNutt, Suzanne Mittl, Beth Islam, Noemi Guenther, Patricia M. Thompson, Frances E. Potischman, Nancy A. Subar, Amy F. TI Challenges in converting an interviewer-administered food probe database to self-administration in the National Cancer Institute automated self-administered 24-hour recall (ASA24) SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Nutrient Database Conference CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Ottawa, CANADA DE National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; 24-Hour recall; Self-administered 24-hour dietary recall; ASA24; Food portion photograph; AMPM interview; Food data management; Food composition ID SYSTEM AB The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is developing an automated, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24) application to collect and code dietary intake data. The goal of the ASA24 development is to create a web-based dietary interview based on the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) instrument currently used in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The ASA24 food list, detail probes, and portion probes were drawn from the AMPM instrument; portion-size pictures from Baylor College of Medicine's Food Intake Recording Software System (FIRSSt) were added; and the food code/portion code assignments were linked to the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS). The requirements that the interview be self-administered and fully auto-coded presented several challenges as the AMPM probes and responses were linked with the FNDDS food codes and portion pictures. This linking was accomplished through a "food pathway," or the sequence of steps that leads from a respondent's initial food selection, through the AMPM probes and portion pictures, to the point at which a food code and gram weight portion size are assigned. The ASA24 interview database that accomplishes this contains more than 1100 food probes and more than 2 million food pathways and will include about 10,000 pictures of individual foods depicting up to 8 portion sizes per food. The ASA24 will make the administration of multiple days of recalls in large-scale studies economical and feasible. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zimmerman, Thea Palmer; Hull, Stephen G.; McNutt, Suzanne; Mittl, Beth] Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. [Islam, Noemi] Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Guenther, Patricia M.] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC USA. [Thompson, Frances E.; Potischman, Nancy A.; Subar, Amy F.] NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Zimmerman, TP (reprint author), Westat Corp, 2311 Saybrook Rd, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. EM theazimmerman@westat.com FU NCI NIH HHS [N02 PC064406] NR 13 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 BP S48 EP S51 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.02.003 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 540ZB UT WOS:000273379000009 PM 20161418 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Annous, BA Keskinen, LA Mattheis, JP AF Fan, Xuetong Annous, Bassam A. Keskinen, Lindsey A. Mattheis, James P. TI Use of Chemical Sanitizers To Reduce Microbial Populations and Maintain Quality of Whole and Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ACIDIC CALCIUM-SULFATE; IN-GROUND BEEF; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SURFACE PASTEURIZATION; SALMONELLA; LETTUCE; INACTIVATION; WATER; MICROFLORA AB Whole cantaloupes either not inoculated or inoculated with Salmonella Poona were submerged in water, 180 ppm of chlorine, acidified calcium sulfate (ACS: 1.2% Safe(2)O-ACS50), 1,000 ppm of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), 80 ppm of peroxyacetic acid (PAA), and a combination of ACS and PAA for 10 min. Although only ASC and the combination of ACS and PAA significantly reduced the aerobic plate count of samples taken from the surface of whole cantaloupe (compared with samples taken from cantaloupe submerged in water only), all treatments reduced yeast and mold counts on the whole cantaloupe. However, none of the treatments of whole cantaloupes consistently reduced yeast and mold counts for the samples of fresh-cut cantaloupes. The aerobic plate counts for fresh-cut cantaloupe were reduced by I to 2 log CFU/g by sanitization of whole fruit with ASC, ACS, and the combination of ACS and PAX The low bacterial population oil the fresh-cut fruit was maintained during 14 days of storage at 4 degrees C. All treatments had a limited effect on the population of Salmonella, achieving no more than a 1.5-log reduction of the pathogen inoculated on the surface of the whole cantaloupes. Salmonella was nondetectable via direct plating (with a detection limit of 0.4 log CFU/g) in fresh-cut cantaloupes prepared from whole cantaloupes treated with any of the sanitizers. However, after enrichment, Salmonella often was detectable. Color, texture, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid, and drip loss of cut cantaloupes were not consistently affected by any of the whole-fruit treatments. Overall, treatments of whole cantaloupe with ASC, ACS, and the combination of ACS and PAA at the concentrations tested permitted a significant reduction in Salmonella and native microflora of whole and cut fruit; however, Salmonella still could be found in cut cantaloupes from all treatments. C1 [Fan, Xuetong; Annous, Bassam A.; Keskinen, Lindsey A.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Mattheis, James P.] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM xuetong.fan@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2453 EP 2460 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 530OY UT WOS:000272603400002 PM 20003725 ER PT J AU Adekunle, AO Porto-Fett, ACS Call, JE Shoyer, B Gartner, K Tufft, L Luchansky, JB AF Adekunle, A. O. Porto-Fett, A. C. S. Call, J. E. Shoyer, B. Gartner, K. Tufft, L. Luchansky, J. B. TI Effect of Storage and Subsequent Reheating on Viability of Listeria monocytogenes on Pork Scrapple SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID 4-DEGREES-C; SURFACE; LACTATE; STRAIN AB We evaluated the fate of Listeria monocytogenes on commercial pork scrapple, a regionally popular, ready-to-eat (RTE) meat. We also conducted an informal survey to address consumer practices for storing and reheating scrapple. Of the 129 consumers who responded to at least one of the eight questions posed in the survey, about half (46.4%; 52 of 112) considered scrapple RTE, the majority (69.7%; 76 of 109) stored it in the refrigerator, and all (100%; 112 of 112) preferred to reheat it prior to consumption. Most respondents (83.9%; 94 of 112) reheated the scrapple by pan frying for I to 10 min at medium to high temperature. To study pathogen behavior, slices of pork scrapple were surface inoculated with a five-strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes (ca. 2.0 log CFU/g), vacuum sealed, and stored for up to 60 days. Pathogen levels increased to 8.9, 9.5, and 9.9 log CFU/g after 44 (4 degrees C), 21 (10 degrees C), and 5 (21 degrees C) days, respectively. When slices 1.3 cm (ca. 55 g) and 1.9 cm (ca. 85 g) thick were surface inoculated with L. monocytogenes (ca. 7.0 log CFU/g) and then reheated in a skillet (191 degrees C) for 0.5 to 4 min per side or to target instantaneous internal temperatures of 48.9 to 71.1 degrees C, it was possible to achieve pathogen reductions ranging from ca. 2.2 to 6.5 log CFU/g. These data confirm that in the unlikely event of postprocessing contamination of pork scrapple by L. monocytogenes, proper reheating can appreciably reduce levels of the pathogen before consumption. C1 [Porto-Fett, A. C. S.; Call, J. E.; Shoyer, B.; Luchansky, J. B.] ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Adekunle, A. O.] Delaware State Univ, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Gartner, K.; Tufft, L.] Hatfield Qual Meats, Hatfield, PA 19440 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM john.luchansky@ars.usda.gov FU USDA 1890's Institution Capacity Building Grant; USDA; ARS; ERRC FX Special thanks are extended to Angie Martinez and Rosemary Martinjuk (USDA, Agricultural Research Service [ARS], Eastern Regional Research Center [ERRC], Wyndmoor, PA) for their assistance in purchasing product and for their technical expertise. We also thank Ernie K. Illg, John P. Luchansky, Lisa Yoder, Helmut Schilling, Blair Schilling, Rosemary Martinjuk, and Jay Detwiler for helping with the informal survey. This research was supported in part by a USDA 1890's Institution Capacity Building Grant awarded to Delaware State University (DSU; Dover, DE) and in part by the USDA, ARS, ERRC. We are also grateful to Drs. Ambrose Anoruo, Samuel Besong, Richard Barczewski, Gulnihal Ozbay, and Hanna Khouryieh at DSU for serving on the Graduate Committee for Abiade Adekunle, M.Sc. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2530 EP 2537 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 530OY UT WOS:000272603400012 PM 20003735 ER PT J AU Hill, DE Forbes, L Zarlenga, DS Urban, JF Gajadhar, AA Gamble, HR AF Hill, D. E. Forbes, L. Zarlenga, D. S. Urban, J. F., Jr. Gajadhar, A. A. Gamble, H. R. TI Survival of North American Genotypes of Trichinella in Frozen Pork SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GENUS TRICHINELLA; TRICHINOSIS; INFECTIVITY; NATIVA; TOLERANCE; SPIRALIS; TISSUE; PIGS; SYSTEMATICS; SPP. AB North American genotypes of Trichinella spiralis (T-1), Trichinella nativa (T-2), Trichinella pseudospiralis (T-4), Trichinella murrelli (T-5), and Trichinella T-6 were examined for susceptibility to freezing in pork using time-temperature combinations that have been proven to inactivate T. spiralis. Infections were established in 3-month-old pigs of mixed sex and breed by oral inoculation of 10,000 muscle larvae (ML) (all genotypes, rodent-derived ML), 20,000 ML (T-1, TA and T-5; cat-derived ML), or 30,000 ML (T-2 and T-6; cat-derived ML). Pigs were euthanized 60 days postinoculation. Muscles from the tongue, masseter muscles, diaphragm, triceps, hams, neck, rump, and loins were ground, pooled, and mixed to ensure even distribution of larvae. Samples (20 g) containing each Trichinella species, genotype, and source combination were placed in heat-scalable pouches, transferred to a constant temperature refrigerant bath, and maintained according to defined time and temperature combinations. Larvae recovered from cold-treated pork samples were inoculated into mice to determine infectivity. Results indicated that the time-temperature combinations known to render pork safe for T. spiralis are sufficient to inactivate T. nativa and T-6 (the freeze-resistant isolates), T. murrelli (the most common sylvatic species in the United States excluding Alaska), and T. pseudospiralis (a species that lacks a muscle nurse cell). These data close a gap in knowledge about the effectiveness of freezing for inactivating these parasites in pork and should alleviate concern about the safety of frozen pork products from the United States. C1 [Hill, D. E.; Zarlenga, D. S.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Forbes, L.; Gajadhar, A. A.] Canadian Food Insepct Agcy, Saskatoon Lab, Ctr Food Borne & Anim Parasitol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2RS, Canada. [Urban, J. F., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Gamble, H. R.] Natl Acad Sci, Policy & Global Affairs Div, Washington, DC 20001 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dolores.hill@ars.usda.gov OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2565 EP 2570 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 530OY UT WOS:000272603400017 PM 20003740 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS Farrow, RL Loneragan, GH Ives, SE Engler, MJ Wagner, JJ Corbin, MJ Platter, WJ Yates, D Hutcheson, JP Zinn, RA Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. Farrow, Russell L. Loneragan, Guy H. Ives, Sam E. Engler, Michael J. Wagner, John J. Corbin, Marilyn J. Platter, William J. Yates, David Hutcheson, John P. Zinn, Richard A. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Influence of beta-Agonists (Ractopamine HCl and Zilpaterol HCl) on Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; PERFORMANCE; ENUMERATION; GROWTH AB Ractopamine HCl and zilpaterol HCl, beta-agonists recently approved for use in feedlot cattle to improve performance traits and carcass leanness, were examined for their effects on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feedlot cattle. Fecal samples (n = 2,454) were obtained from four experiments (one ractopamine HCl, three zilpaterol HCl) over the course of a 3-year period, either by rectal palpation (ractopamine HCl experiment) or from pen-floor fecal pats. Samples were cultured quantitatively and qualitatively for E. coli O157:H7. No significant treatment differences were detected for fecal prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in the ractopamine HCl experiment. Zilpaterol HCl feeding had no effect (P > 0.20) on fecal shedding in the first or second experiments, with overall E. coli O157:H7 prevalence relatively low (<7%). In the third zilpaterol HCl experiment, the percentage of fecal samples that were E. coli O157:H7 positive following qualitative culture was higher (P < 0.05) in the zilpaterol HCl treatment (10.3%) than for the control (6.1%). The current research showed minimal effects of beta-agonists on fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 and indicated that these compounds (fed immediately prior to slaughter) are not a cause for concern from a food safety standpoint. C1 [Edrington, Tom S.; Farrow, Russell L.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Loneragan, Guy H.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Ives, Sam E.; Engler, Michael J.] Cactus Feeders Inc, Amarillo, TX 79116 USA. [Wagner, John J.] Colorado State Univ, SE Colorado Res Ctr, Lamar, CO 81052 USA. [Corbin, Marilyn J.; Platter, William J.] Elanco Anim Hlth, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA. [Yates, David; Hutcheson, John P.] Intervet Schering Plough Anim Hlth, De Sato, KS 66018 USA. [Zinn, Richard A.] Univ Calif, Desert Res & Extens Ctr, El Centro, CA 92243 USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu FU Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN. FX This research was funded in part by Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN. The authors gratefully thank Kate Andrews and Reilly Street for their excellent technical expertise. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2587 EP 2591 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 530OY UT WOS:000272603400020 PM 20003743 ER PT J AU Marcus, R Hurd, S Mank, L Mishar, P Phan, Q Jackson, K Watarida, K Salfinger, Y Kim, S Ishida, ML Kissler, B AF Marcus, Ruthanne Hurd, Sharon Mank, Laurn Mishar, Patricia Phan, Quyen Jackson, Kelly Watarida, Kara Salfinger, Yvonne Kim, Sun Ishida, Maria L. Kissler, Bonnie TI Chicken Salad as the Source of a Case of Listeria monocytogenes Infection in Connecticut SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; INVASIVE LISTERIOSIS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; GASTROENTERITIS; MEAT; CHEESE; MILK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION AB Listeriosis is a severe infection with high morbidity and mortality. We report a fatal case of listeriosis in a patient with a history of Crohn's disease who consumed chicken salad purchased from a retail food establishment before developing listeriosis. As part of the regulatory testing programs, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Affairs found that chicken products from a single food-production establishment were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, resulting in a product recall. The case patient's Listeria isolate was subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and matched the Listeria isolates from the recalled chicken products. Identification of the source of Listeria involved collaboration among two state public health laboratories and epidemiologists and state and federal regulatory agencies. PFGE typing can be used to reveal correlations between clusters of human illness and contaminated food products and to rapidly identify sources of Listeria infection to allow implementation of corrective actions at both the state and national levels. C1 [Marcus, Ruthanne; Hurd, Sharon] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Mank, Laurn] State Publ Hlth Lab, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Mishar, Patricia; Phan, Quyen] Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. [Jackson, Kelly] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Watarida, Kara] Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Hinton State Lab Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 USA. [Salfinger, Yvonne; Kim, Sun; Ishida, Maria L.] Bur Food Labs, Div Food Safety, Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Kissler, Bonnie] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Appl Epidemiol Div, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Marcus, R (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM ruthanne.marcus@yale.edu FU Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, a Cooperative Agreement with the CDC [5 U01 C1000307-05] FX We thank Aristea Kinney and Charles Welles (Connecticut State Health Department Laboratory) and Tracy Stiles. MS, M(ASCP) (Massachusetts Department of Public Health) for laboratory Support and Lyndsey Caulkins (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services) and the PulseNel National Database Team for generating statistics. Kristin Holt, DVM, MPH, and Wu San Chen, MD. MPH (FSIS) for their assistance during the investigation and James L. Hadler, MD. MPH, for his thoughtful insight on the manuscript. This publication was supported by the Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, a Cooperative Agreement (5 U01 C1000307-05) with the CDC. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2602 EP 2606 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 530OY UT WOS:000272603400023 PM 20003746 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RJ Hiers, JK O'Brien, J Starr, G AF Mitchell, Robert J. Hiers, J. Kevin O'Brien, Joseph Starr, Gregory TI Ecological Forestry in the Southeast: Understanding the Ecology of Fuels SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE ecology of fuels; longleaf pine; ecological forestry; fire; tree selection ID LONGLEAF PINE WOODLAND; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; BURNING CHARACTERISTICS; UNITED-STATES; FIRE; ECOSYSTEMS; PALUSTRIS; WIND; REPRODUCTION; REGENERATION AB Fire is a dominant disturbance within many forested ecosystems worldwide. Understanding the complex feedbacks among vegetation as a fuel for fire, the effects of fuels on fire behavior, and the impact of fire behavior on future vegetation are critical for sustaining biodiversity, in fire-dependent forests. Nonetheless, understanding in fire ecology has been limited in part by the difficulties in establishing the connections between fire behavior and vegetation response. To address this issue, we present the concept of the ecology of fuels, which emphasizes the critical role that fuels play in conceptually linking feedbacks between fire and vegetation. This article explores the ecology of the fuels concept for longleaf pine woodlands and illustrates its utility by evaluating the principles of ecological forestry (incorporating legacies of disturbances, understanding intermediate stand development processes, and allowing for recovery periods) in this chronically disturbed ecosystem. We review the research behind our understanding of these feedbacks in longleaf pine ecosystems of the southeastern United States and review the applications of these principles through the Stoddard-Neel method of ecological forestry. Understanding these feedbacks is critical for integrating fire ecology and ecological forestry in the Southeast and in other fire-dependent forest types. C1 [Mitchell, Robert J.; Hiers, J. Kevin] Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [O'Brien, Joseph] US Forest Serv, So Expt Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Starr, Gregory] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Mitchell, RJ (reprint author), Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. EM rmitchel@jonesctr.org; Kevin.Hiers@jonesctr.org; joeobee@gmail.com; gstarr@bama.ua.edu FU Robert W. Woodruff Foundation FX Funding for this project was provided by the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation. NR 63 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 107 IS 8 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 535RG UT WOS:000272987700005 ER PT J AU Van Deusen, PC Roesch, FA AF Van Deusen, Paul C. Roesch, Francis A. TI Application of Mapped Plots for Single-Owner Forest Surveys SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE boundary overlap; horizontal point samples ID BOUNDARY OVERLAP AB Mapped plots are used for the national forest inventory conducted by the US Forest Service. Mapped plots are also useful for single ownership inventories. Mapped plots can handle boundary overlap and can provide less variable estimates for specified forest conditions. Mapping is a good fit for fixed plot inventories where the fixed area plot is used for both mapping and tree sampling. However, mapping can he done with a colocated fixed area plot even though the tree inventory uses variable plots. In fact, the tree measurement plots can be completely decoupled from the plots used for measuring condition proportions, although this is not recommended. C1 [Van Deusen, Paul C.] NCASI, Lowell, MA 01876 USA. [Roesch, Francis A.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Van Deusen, PC (reprint author), NCASI, 600 Suffolk St,5th Floor, Lowell, MA 01876 USA. EM Paul_VanDeusen@uml.edu; froesch@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 107 IS 8 BP 414 EP 418 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 535RG UT WOS:000272987700008 ER PT J AU Langendoen, EJ Simon, A AF Langendoen, Eddy J. Simon, Andrew TI Closure to "Modeling the Evolution of Incised Streams. II: Streambank Erosion" by Eddy J. Langendoen and Andrew Simon SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID OPEN CHANNELS; FLOW C1 [Langendoen, Eddy J.; Simon, Andrew] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Langendoen, EJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM eddy.langendoen@ars.usda.gov; andrew.simon@ars.usda.gov OI Langendoen, Eddy/0000-0002-2215-4989 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2009 VL 135 IS 12 BP 1107 EP 1108 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 521HV UT WOS:000271912300012 ER PT J AU Kumar, SV Reichle, RH Koster, RD Crow, WT Peters-Lidard, CD AF Kumar, Sujay V. Reichle, Rolf H. Koster, Randal D. Crow, Wade T. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. TI Role of Subsurface Physics in the Assimilation of Surface Soil Moisture Observations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND INFORMATION-SYSTEM; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; PROFILE RETRIEVAL; FIELD APPLICATION; WATER CONTENT; MODEL; FRAMEWORK; IMPACT; FLUXES AB Root-zone soil moisture controls the land-atmosphere exchange of water and energy, and exhibits memory that may be useful for climate prediction at monthly scales. Assimilation of satellite-based surface soil moisture observations into a land surface model is an effective way to estimate large-scale root-zone soil moisture. The propagation of surface information into deeper soil layers depends on the model-specific representation of subsurface physics that is used in the assimilation system. In a suite of experiments. synthetic surface soil moisture observations are assimilated into four different models [Catchment, Mosaic, Noah, and Community Land Model (CLM)] using the ensemble Kalman filter. The authors demonstrate that identical twin experiments significantly overestimate the information that can be obtained from the assimilation of surface soil moisture observations. The second key result indicates that the potential of surface soil moisture assimilation to improve root-zone information is higher when the surface-root zone coupling is stronger. The experiments also suggest that (faced with unknown true subsurface physics) overestimating surface-root zone coupling in the assimilation system provides more robust skill improvements in the root zone compared with underestimating the coupling. When CLM is excluded from the analysis, the skill improvements from using models with different vertical coupling strengths are comparable for different subsurface truths. Last, the skill improvements through assimilation were found to be sensitive to the regional climate and soil types. C1 [Kumar, Sujay V.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kumar, Sujay V.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Reichle, Rolf H.; Koster, Randal D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Crow, Wade T.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kumar, SV (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Code 614-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM sujay.v.kumar@nasa.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; Kumar, Sujay/B-8142-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Air Force Weather Agency; NASA [NNG05GB61G, NNX08AH36G]; NASA High-End Computing Program FX This research was partly supported by an internal investment grant from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. We also acknowledge the support from the Air Force Weather Agency, which funded the development of data assimilation capabilities in LIS. Rolf Reichle was partly supported through NASA Grants NNG05GB61G and NNX08AH36G. Computing was supported by the NASA High-End Computing Program; we gratefully acknowledge this support. NR 42 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1534 EP 1547 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1134.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536RF UT WOS:000273060800014 ER PT J AU Nelson, KC Andow, DA Banker, MJ AF Nelson, Kristen C. Andow, David A. Banker, Michael J. TI Problem Formulation and Option Assessment (PFOA) Linking Governance and Environmental Risk Assessment for Technologies: A Methodology for Problem Analysis of Nanotechnologies and Genetically Engineered Organisms SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Article ID GENE-THERAPY; OVERSIGHT; BIOTECHNOLOGY; SCIENCE; NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY; NANOMATERIALS; STRATEGIES; DEMOCRACY; CITIZEN; POLICY C1 [Andow, David A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Andow, David A.] Natl Acad Sci, USDA, EPA, FAO,WTO,NAFTA, Washington, DC USA. FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0608791] FX This work was supported by our colleagues who helped design and evaluate the PFOA, the International Project on GMO Environmental Risk Assessment Methodologies, and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. Special thanks to Stephanie Souter and Christine Lee for their assistance. Preparation of this article was also supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) grant no. 0608791. This article presents the views of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1073-1105 EI 1748-720X J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 4 SI SI BP 732 EP 748 DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00444.x PG 17 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 537NW UT WOS:000273120700015 PM 20122113 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV AF Capuco, Anthony V. TI In Memoriam: H. Allen Tucker (1936-2009) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tony.capuco@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD DEC PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 363 EP 364 DI 10.1007/s10911-009-9156-2 PG 2 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 528RM UT WOS:000272464300001 ER PT J AU Zelinka, SL Rammer, DR AF Zelinka, Samuel L. Rammer, Douglas R. TI Corrosion Rates of Fasteners in Treated Wood Exposed to 100% Relative Humidity SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB In the past, gravimetric corrosion data for fasteners exposed to treated wood has been reported as a percent weight loss. Although percent weight loss is a valid measure of corrosion for comparing identical fasteners, it can distort the corrosion performance of fasteners with different geometries and densities. This report reevaluates a key report on the corrosiveness of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and ammoniacal copper arsenate (ACA) and converts the previous data into corrosion rates. In addition, similar experiments were run in wood treated with alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ). Comparison of the corrosion rates reveals ACQ treated wood is more corrosive than CCA treated wood for every metal. The corrosion rate of aluminum was found to be lower than both hot-dip galvanized steel and electroplated galvanized steel in ACQ, ACA, and CCA treated wood. In ACA and ACQ treated wood, the electroplated galvanized fastener had a lower corrosion rate than the hot-dip galvanized fastener. C1 [Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R.] USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Zelinka, SL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM szelinka@fs.fed.us; drammer@fs.fed.us RI Zelinka, Samuel/A-9198-2009 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0899-1561 J9 J MATER CIVIL ENG JI J. Mater. Civ. Eng. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 21 IS 12 BP 758 EP 763 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:12(758) PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 520GC UT WOS:000271828600006 ER PT J AU Ren, ZH Gay, R Thomas, A Pae, M Wu, DY Logsdon, L Mecsas, J Meydani, SN AF Ren, Zhihong Gay, Raina Thomas, Adam Pae, Munkyong Wu, Dayong Logsdon, Lauren Mecsas, Joan Meydani, Simin Nikbin TI Effect of age on susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection in C57BL/6 mice SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; FECAL LACTOFERRIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HOST; RESISTANCE; MARKER; CELLS; NEUTROPHILS AB Ageing is associated with a decline in immune function, which predisposes the elderly to a higher incidence of infections. Information on the mechanism of the age-related increase in susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is limited. In particular, little is known regarding the involvement of the immune response in this age-related change. We employed streptomycin (Sm)-pretreated C57BL/6 mice to develop a mouse model that would demonstrate age-related differences in susceptibility and immune response to S. Typhimurium. In this model, old mice inoculated orally with doses of 3 x 10(8) or 1 x 10(6) c.f.u. S. Typhimurium had significantly greater S. Typhimurium colonization in the ileum, colon, Peyer's patches, spleen and liver than young mice. Old mice had significantly higher weight loss than young mice on days 1 and 2 post-infection. In response to S. Typhimurium infection, old mice failed to increase ex vivo production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells to the same degree as observed in young mice; this was associated with their inability to maintain the presence of neutrophils and macrophages at a 'youthful' level. These results indicate that Sm-pretreated C57BL/6 old mice are more susceptible to S. Typhimurium infection than young mice, which might be due to impaired IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production as well as a corresponding change in the number of neutrophils and macrophages in response to S. Typhimurium infection compared to young mice. C1 [Ren, Zhihong; Gay, Raina; Thomas, Adam; Pae, Munkyong; Wu, Dayong; Meydani, Simin Nikbin] Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Logsdon, Lauren; Mecsas, Joan] Tufts Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu RI Pae, Munkyong/B-4831-2012 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; National Institutes of Health [AI056068] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (58-1950-7-707) and National Institutes of Health (AI056068) to J.M. and L.L. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 58 IS 12 BP 1559 EP 1567 DI 10.1099/jmm.0.013250-0 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 525ZY UT WOS:000272258300004 PM 19729455 ER PT J AU Chung, SK Chen, CYO Blumberg, JB AF Chung, Shin-Kyo Chen, C. -Y. Oliver Blumberg, Jeffrey B. TI Flavonoid-Rich Fraction from Sageretia theezans Leaves Scavenges Reactive Oxygen Radical Species and Increases the Resistance of Low-Density Lipoprotein to Oxidation SO JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD LA English DT Article DE high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection; low-density lipoprotein oxidation; 7-O-methylmearnsetin 3-O-rhamnoside; 7-O-methylmyricetin 3-O-rhamnoside; reactive oxygen radical species scavenger; Sageretia theezans ID DIFFERENT MATURITY STAGES; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; DISEASE; RISK; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; MYELOPEROXIDASE; PEROXYNITRITE; EXTRACTS; STRESS; PLASMA AB To explore their bioactive fractions, Sageretia theezans leaves were extracted with 60% acetone and then fractionated sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Reactive oxygen radical species (ROS) (HOCl, ONOO(-), and O(2)(center dot-)) scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value, and total phenolic content of each fraction were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction had the largest total phenolic content and ORAC value and displayed the strongest ROS scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction at 2 mu mol of gallic acid equivalents/L prolonged the lag time of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by 260% compared to the control. In the ethyl acetate fraction, 7-O-methylmearnsetin 3-O-rhamnoside and the other nine flavonols were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The total flavonoid content in the ethyl acetate fraction was 460 mg/g. 7-O-Methylmyricetin 3-O-rhamnoside and 7-O-methylmearnsetin 3-O-rhamnoside were the predominant flavonoids, making up 36% and 17% of the total flavonoid content, respectively. C1 [Chung, Shin-Kyo] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life & Food Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Chen, C. -Y. Oliver; Blumberg, Jeffrey B.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chung, SK (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Sch Life & Food Sci, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Taegu 702701, South Korea. EM kchung@mail.knu.ac.kr FU Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2008-313-F00169]; Korean Government; U. S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by Korea Research Foundation grant KRF-2008-313-F00169 funded by the Korean Government and by U. S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement number 58-1950-7-707. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1096-620X J9 J MED FOOD JI J. Med. Food PD DEC PY 2009 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1310 EP 1315 DI 10.1089/jmf.2008.1309 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 538JR UT WOS:000273180900019 PM 20041786 ER PT J AU Herath, HMTB Herath, WHMW Carvalho, P Khan, SI Tekwani, BL Duke, SO Tomaso-Peterson, M Nanayakkara, NPD AF Herath, H. M. T. Bandara Herath, Wimal H. M. W. Carvalho, Paulo Khan, Shabana I. Tekwani, Babu L. Duke, Stephen O. Tomaso-Peterson, Maria Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika TI Biologically Active Tetranorditerpenoids from the Fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Causal Agent of Dollar Spot in Turfgrass SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID LABDANE DITERPENE DERIVATIVES; PODOCARPUS-NAGI; NORDITERPENE DILACTONES; OIDIODENDRON; PODOLACTONES; NAGILACTONES; PHYTOTOXINS; METABOLITE; INHIBITORS; MODELS AB Nine new tetranorditerpenoid dilactones (2-10), together with two previously reported norditerpenoids dilactones (1, 11), and two known putative biosynthetic intermediates, oidiolactone-E (12) and 13, were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of a culture medium of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of representative compounds. Compounds were evaluated for herbicidal, antiplasmodial, and cytotoxic activities. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, and 11 were more active as growth inhibitors in a duckweed bioassay (I-50 values of 0.39-0.95 mu M) than more than half of 26 commercial herbicides previously evaluated using the same bioassay. Some of these compounds exhibited strong antiplasmodial activities as well, but they also had cytotoxic activity, thus precluding them as potential antimalarial agents. C1 [Herath, H. M. T. Bandara; Herath, Wimal H. M. W.; Khan, Shabana I.; Tekwani, Babu L.; Nanayakkara, N. P. Dhammika] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Carvalho, Paulo] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Med Chem, University, MS 38677 USA. [Duke, Stephen O.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. [Tomaso-Peterson, Maria] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Nanayakkara, NPD (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dhammika@olemiss.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R21 A1061431-01]; United States Department of Agriculture, ARS [58-6408-2-009] FX This work was Supported by the National Institutes of Health (R21 A1061431-01) and in part by the United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6408-2-009. The authors sincerely thank Dr. B. Avula, NCNPR, University of Mississippi, for recording the mass spectra, and R. D. Johnson, NPURU, USDA-ARS, for his technical assistance in this research. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11309 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 EI 1520-6025 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 72 IS 12 BP 2091 EP 2097 DI 10.1021/np900334k PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 539OJ UT WOS:000273264400003 PM 19928902 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Halbrendt, JM Carta, LK Skantar, AM Liu, T Abdelnabby, HME Vinyard, BT AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Halbrendt, John M. Carta, Lynn K. Skantar, Andrea M. Liu, Ting Abdelnabby, Hazem M. E. Vinyard, Bryan T. TI Toxicity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) to Plant-parasitic and Bacterial-feeding Nematodes SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; Caenorhabditis elegans; Heterodera glycines; management; Meloidogyne incognita; Pratylenchus scribneri; Pristionchus pacificus; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Rhabditis rainai; Xiphinema americanum ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS CHA0; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; CYST-NEMATODE; BIOCONTROL; TOMATO; JAVANICA; SENSITIVITY; SUPPRESSION AB The antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is produced by some isolates of the beneficial bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. DAPG is toxic to many organisms, anti crop yield increases have been reported after application of DAPG-producing P fluorescens. This study was conducted to determine whether DAPG is toxic to selected nematodes. The plant-parasitic nematodes Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus scribneri and Xiphinema americanum, and the bacterial-feeding nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Pristionchus pacificus, and Rhabditis rainai, were immersed in concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mu g/ml DAPG. Egg hatch and viability of juveniles and adults were determined. DAPG was toxic to X. americanum adults, with an LD(50) of 8.3 mu g/ml DAPG. DAPG decreased M. incognita egg hatch, but stimulated C. elegans hatch during the first hours of incubation. Viability of M. incognita J2 and of C. elegans 11 and adults was not affected. There were no observed effects on the other nematodes. The study indicated that DAPG is not toxic to all nematodes, and did not affect the tested species of beneficial bacterial-feeding nematodes. Augmentation of DAPG-producing P. fluorescens populations for nematode biocontrol could be targeted to specific nematode species known to be affected by this compound and by other antibiotics produced by the bacteria, or these bacteria could be used for other possible effects, such as induced plant resistance. C1 [Meyer, Susan L. F.; Carta, Lynn K.; Skantar, Andrea M.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Halbrendt, John M.] Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. [Liu, Ting] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Abdelnabby, Hazem M. E.] Benha Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, Qaliubia, Egypt. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Susan.L.Meyer@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 274 EP 280 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300004 PM 22736826 ER PT J AU Timper, P AF Timper, Patricia TI Population Dynamics of Meloidogyne arenaria and Pasteuria penetrans in a Long-Term Crop Rotation Study SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea; biological control; crop rotation; peanut; root-knot nematode ID KNOT NEMATODES MELOIDOGYNE; HYPERPARASITIC BACTERIUM; RACE 1; JAVANICA; PARASITE; SOIL; HOST; SUPPRESSION; INFECTION; INCOGNITA AB The endospore-forming bacterium Pasteuria penetrans is an obligate parasite of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of crop sequence on abut dance of P penetrans. The experiment was conducted from 2000 to 2008 at a field site naturally infested with both the bacterium and its host Meloidogyne (miliaria and included the following crop sequences: continuous peanut (Arachis hypogaea) (P-P-P) and peanut rotated with either 2 years of corn (Zen mays) (C-C-P), 1 year each of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and corn (Ct-C-P), or 1 year each of corn mid a vegetable (V-C-P). The vegetable was a double crop of sweet corn and eggplant (Solanum melongena). A bioassay with second-stage juveniles 92) of M. arenaria from a greenhouse (GH) population was used to estimate endospore abundance under the different. crop sequences. A greater numerical increase in endospore densities was expected in the P-P-P and V-C,P sequences than in the other sequences because both peanut and eggplant are good hosts for M. area aria. However, endospore densities, as determined by bioassay, did not substantially increase in any of the sequences during the 9-year experiment. To determine whether the nematode population had developed resistance to the resident P penetrans, five single egg-mass (SEM) lines from the field population of M. arenaria were tested alongside the CH population for acquisition of endospores from the field soil. Four of the five SEM lines acquired 9 to 14 spores/J2 whereas the CH population and one of the SEM lines acquired 3.5 and 1.8 spores/J2, respectively. Endospore densities estimated with the four receptive SEM lines were highest in the P-P-P plots (14-20 spores/J2), intermediate in the V-C-P plots (6-7 spores/J2), and lowest in the Ct-C-P plots (<1 spore/J2). These results indicate that the field population of M. arenaria is heterogeneous for attachment of P penetrans endospores. Moreover, spore densities increased under intensive cropping of hosts for M. arenaria, but the GH population of the nematode was not receptive to spore attachment. However, previously, the GH population was very receptive to spore acquisition From this field site. One explanation for this inconsistency is that. the NI. arenaria population in the field became resistant to the dominant subpopulation of P penetrans that had been present, and this led to the selection of a different subpopulation of the bacterium that is incompatible with the GH population. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM patricia.timper@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300006 PM 22736828 ER PT J AU Antoninka, A Wolf, J Bowker, M Classen, AT Johnson, NC AF Antoninka, Anita Wolf, J. Bowker, M. Classen, A. T. Johnson, N. C. TI LINKING ABOVE AND BELOWGROUND RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHANGE AT COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM SCALES. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Antoninka, Anita; Wolf, J.; Bowker, M.; Classen, A. T.; Johnson, N. C.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Wolf, J.] USDA, Dept Mycol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wolf, J.] USDA, Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Classen, A. T.] Oak Ridge Labs, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Classen, A. T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Classen, Aimee/C-4035-2008 OI Classen, Aimee/0000-0002-6741-3470 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300017 ER PT J AU Boerner, R Hart, S Outcalt, K Skinner, C Stephens, S Waldrop, T Yaussy, D Youngblood, A AF Boerner, Ralph Hart, S. Outcalt, K. Skinner, C. Stephens, S. Waldrop, T. Yaussy, D. Youngblood, A. TI CROSSING BOUNDARIES OF SPACE, CLIMATE, AND PHILOSOPHY: RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FIRE-PRONE FORESTS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Boerner, Ralph] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hart, S.] Uni Calif Merced, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Hart, S.] Uni Calif Merced, Sierra Nevada Res Inst, Merced, CA 95344 USA. [Outcalt, K.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Skinner, C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Stephens, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Waldrop, T.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Yaussy, D.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Youngblood, A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 311 EP 312 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300040 ER PT J AU Callaham, MA Langhenry, GA Hanula, JL Horn, S AF Callaham, Mac A., Jr. Langhenry, G. A. Hanula, J. L. Horn, S. TI INVASIVE EARTHWORM RESPONSES TO EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL OF THE INVASIVE SHRUB LIGUSTRUM SINENSE (CHINESE PRIVET) IN RIPARIAN FORESTS OF THE SOUTHERN PIEDMONT. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Callaham, Mac A., Jr.; Langhenry, G. A.] USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 314 EP 315 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300047 ER PT J AU Carta, LK Bauchan, G Hsu, CY Yuceer, C AF Carta, L. K. Bauchan, G. Hsu, C. -Y. Yuceer, C. TI CULTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF A NEW PARASITORHABDITIS (RHABDITIDA) FROM DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS DEMONSTRATED WITH ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE-SEM. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carta, L. K.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bauchan, G.] USDA ARS, Elect & Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hsu, C. -Y.; Yuceer, C.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 316 EP 317 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300051 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Earl, HJ Timper, P AF Davis, R. F. Earl, H. J. Timper, P. TI EFFECT OF SIMULTANEOUS DROUGHT STRESS AND ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE INFECTION ON COTTON YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Davis, R. F.; Timper, P.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Earl, H. J.] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Earl, Hugh/F-5683-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 323 EP 323 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300068 ER PT J AU Faghihi, J Donald, P Welacky, T Noel, G Ferris, V AF Faghihi, Jamal Donald, P. Welacky, T. Noel, G. Ferris, V. TI GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN FIELD POPULATIONS OF SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE (SCN). SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Faghihi, Jamal; Ferris, V.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Donald, P.] USDA ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Welacky, T.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada. [Noel, G.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300081 ER PT J AU Jessica, G Zasada, I Walters, T AF Jessica, Gigot Zasada, I. Walters, T. TI EFFECTIVENESS OF SOIL SOLARIZATION ON MANAGEMENT OF PHYTOPHTHORA RUBI AND PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN NORTHWESTERN WASHINGTON. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Jessica, Gigot; Walters, T.] Washington State Univ, NWREC, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Zasada, I.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Walters, Thomas/G-1348-2010 OI Walters, Thomas/0000-0002-2938-8542 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 332 EP 332 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300094 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Yawar, IE Kazi, N Fayyaz, S AF Handoo, Zafar A. Yawar, I. E. Kazi, N. Fayyaz, S. TI ON THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF PAURODONTELLA (NEMATODA: PAURODONTINAE) WITH A KEY AND DIAGNOSTIC COMPENDIUM TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Handoo, Zafar A.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yawar, I. E.; Kazi, N.; Fayyaz, S.] Univ Karachi, Natl Nematol Res Ctr, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 336 EP 336 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300104 ER PT J AU Hewlett, TE Stetina, SR Schmidt, LM Waters, JP Simmons, LJ Rich, JR AF Hewlett, Thomas E. Stetina, S. R. Schmidt, L. M. Waters, J. P. Simmons, L. J. Rich, J. R. TI IDENTIFICATION OF PASTEURIA SPP. THAT PARASITIZE ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stetina, S. R.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rich, J. R.] Univ Florida, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Hewlett, Thomas E.; Schmidt, L. M.; Waters, J. P.] Pasteuria Biosci, Alachua, FL 32615 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 338 EP 338 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300110 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Rosskopf, EN Iriarte, F AF Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy Rosskopf, E. N. Iriarte, F. TI EVALUATION OF SPK, A NOVEL COMBINATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOR ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE CONTROL IN TOMATO. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy; Rosskopf, E. N.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Iriarte, F.] Iowa State Univ, Plant & Insect Diagnost Clin, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 344 EP 345 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300125 ER PT J AU Lehman, RM Garland, JL Zabaloy, MC Mackowiak, CL Frey, SD AF Lehman, R. Michael Garland, J. L. Zabaloy, M. C. Mackowiak, C. L. Frey, S. D. TI A COMMUNITY-LEVEL PHYSIOLOGICAL PROFILING APPROACH TO EVALUATING IN SITU SOIL CARBON SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION AND ITS INTERACTION WITH BIOAVAILABLE NITROGEN. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lehman, R. Michael; Garland, J. L.; Zabaloy, M. C.; Mackowiak, C. L.; Frey, S. D.] USDA ARS, Bookings, SD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 348 EP 348 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300133 ER PT J AU Masler, EP Zasada, IA Sardanelli, S Rogers, ST Halbrendt, JM AF Masler, Edward P. Zasada, I. A. Sardanelli, S. Rogers, S. T. Halbrendt, J. M. TI RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF BENZYL ISOTHIOCYANATE ON HATCHING IN THE ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Masler, Edward P.; Rogers, S. T.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zasada, I. A.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Sardanelli, S.] Univ Maryland, Plant Nematol Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Halbrendt, J. M.] Penn State Univ, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 353 EP 354 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300148 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Brown, J Fazio, G AF Mazzola, Mark Brown, J. Fazio, G. TI INTERACTION OF BRASSICACEOUS SEED MEAL AND ROOTSTOCK ON RECOVERY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS FROM ROOTS OF APPLE GROWN IN REPLANT ORCHARD SOILS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Brown, J.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Fazio, G.] USDA ARS, Geneva, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 354 EP 354 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300149 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M de Bruijn, I Raaijmakers, JM AF Mazzola, Mark de Bruijn, I. Raaijmakers, J. M. TI MOLECULAR DIALOGUES AND DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN BACTERIA-PROTOZOA INTERACTIONS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mazzola, Mark] Washinton State Univ, USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [de Bruijn, I.; Raaijmakers, J. M.] Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, Wageningen, Netherlands. RI de Bruijn, Irene/A-7437-2014 OI de Bruijn, Irene/0000-0002-4889-3253 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 354 EP 355 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300150 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Halbrendt, JM Carta, LK Skantar, AM Liu, T Abdelnabby, HME Vinyard, BT AF Meyer, Susan L. F. Halbrendt, J. M. Carta, L. K. Skantar, A. M. Liu, T. Abdelnabby, H. M. E. Vinyard, B. T. TI DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL (DAPG); IS IT ACTIVE AGAINST NEMATODES? SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Meyer, Susan L. F.; Carta, L. K.; Skantar, A. M.] USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Halbrendt, J. M.] Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. [Liu, T.] Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China. [Abdelnabby, H. M. E.] Benha Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Protect, Qaliubia, Egypt. [Vinyard, B. T.] USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 356 EP 357 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300156 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RJ Mortazavi, B O'Brien, J AF Mitchell, Robert J. Mortazavi, B. O'Brien, J. TI HOW GENERAL IS THE CURRENT PN CONTROLS ON CO2 FLUX PARADIGM? SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mitchell, Robert J.] Joseph Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 39870 USA. [Mortazavi, B.] Univ Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [O'Brien, J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 358 EP 358 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300159 ER PT J AU Moore, SR Lawrence, KS Arriaga, FJ van Santen, E Burmester, CH AF Moore, Scott R. Lawrence, K. S. Arriaga, F. J. van Santen, E. Burmester, C. H. TI ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS DISPERSAL PATTERNS UPON INTRODUCTION INTO A COTTON FIELD SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Moore, Scott R.; Lawrence, K. S.] Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Arriaga, F. J.] USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [van Santen, E.; Burmester, C. H.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 359 EP 359 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300162 ER PT J AU Niblack, TL Tylka, GL Arelli, P Bond, J Diers, B Donald, P Faghihi, J Ferris, VR Gallo, K Heinz, RD Lopez-Nicora, H Von Qualen, R Welacky, T Wilcox, J AF Niblack, T. L. Tylka, G. L. Arelli, P. Bond, J. Diers, B. Donald, P. Faghihi, J. Ferris, V. R. Gallo, K. Heinz, R. D. Lopez-Nicora, H. Von Qualen, R. Welacky, T. Wilcox, J. TI PROPOSAL FOR A STANDARD GREENHOUSE METHOD OF ASSESSING SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE RESISTANCE IN SOYBEAN: SCE08 (STANDARDIZED CYST EVALUATION 2008) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Niblack, T. L.; Diers, B.; Lopez-Nicora, H.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tylka, G. L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Arelli, P.; Donald, P.] USDA ARS, Jackson, TN USA. [Bond, J.] So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Faghihi, J.; Ferris, V. R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Heinz, R. D.; Wilcox, J.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. [Von Qualen, R.] Agr Consulting & Testing Serv Inc, Carroll, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300174 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Wood, BW AF Nyczepir, A. P. Wood, B. W. TI SEPARATE AND CONCOMITANT EFFECTS OF MELOIDOGYNE PARTITYLA AND MESOCRICONEMA XENOPLAX ON PECAN SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Nyczepir, A. P.; Wood, B. W.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 364 EP 365 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300176 ER PT J AU O'Leary, CA Treonis, AM Marks, C Zasada, IA AF O'Leary, Cecilia A. Treonis, A. M. Marks, C. Zasada, I. A. TI DETECTING MICROBIAL NUCLEIC ACIDS WITHIN NEMATODE BODIES: A PHOTO ESSAY SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [O'Leary, Cecilia A.; Treonis, A. M.; Marks, C.] Univ Richmond, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23173 USA. [Zasada, I. A.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 365 EP 365 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300178 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO AF Reinhart, Kurt O. TI SOIL MICROBES AND PLANT INVASIONS-HOW SOIL-BORNE PATHOGENS REGULATE PLANT POPULATIONS AND AFFECT PLANT INVASIONS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reinhart, Kurt O.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 374 EP 374 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300202 ER PT J AU Romano, GB Sacks, EJ Stetina, SR Robinson, AF Fang, DD Gutierrez, OA Scheffler, JA AF Romano, Gabriela B. Sacks, E. J. Stetina, S. R. Robinson, A. F. Fang, D. D. Gutierrez, O. A. Scheffler, J. A. TI RENIFORM NEMATODE (ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS) RESISTANCE LOCUS FROM GOSSYPIUM ARIDUM IDENTIFIED AND INTROGRESSED INTO UPLAND COTTON (G. HIRSUTUM). SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Romano, Gabriela B.; Sacks, E. J.; Stetina, S. R.; Fang, D. D.; Scheffler, J. A.] USDA ARS CGPRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Robinson, A. F.] USDA ARS CPRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Gutierrez, O. A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 375 EP 376 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300206 ER PT J AU Skantar, AM Carta, LK Handoo, ZA AF Skantar, Andrea M. Carta, L. K. Handoo, Z. A. TI MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF MELOIDOGYNE ARENARIA FROM TRAVELER'S TREE (RAVENALA MADAGASCARIENSIS). SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Skantar, Andrea M.; Carta, L. K.; Handoo, Z. A.] USDA, Nematol Lab, ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 379 EP 379 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300216 ER PT J AU Smith, JL AF Smith, Jeffrey L. TI ESTIMATION OF CARBON POOLS BASED ON RESPIRATION FROM AGGREGATE SIZE FRACTIONS. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 379 EP 380 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300217 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Goodrick, SL Callaham, MA O'Brien, JJ AF Stanturf, John A. Goodrick, S. L. Callaham, M. A., Jr. O'Brien, J. J. TI EFFECTS OF HURRICANE DISTURBANCE ON SOILS IN A CHANGING WORLD. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stanturf, John A.; Goodrick, S. L.; Callaham, M. A., Jr.; O'Brien, J. J.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 381 EP 381 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300221 ER PT J AU Szlavecz, K Pouyat, RV Carroll, W Lev, SM Groffman, PM Casey, R Landa, ER AF Szlavecz, Katalin Pouyat, R. V. Carroll, W. Lev, S. M. Groffman, P. M. Casey, R. Landa, E. R. TI URBAN SOIL FAUNA AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: EXAMPLES FROM THE BALTIMORE ECOSYSTEM STUDY. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pouyat, R. V.] USDA Forest Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Carroll, W.; Lev, S. M.] Towson Univ, Urban Environm Biogeochem Lab, Towson, MD USA. [Groffman, P. M.; Casey, R.] Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbtook, NY USA. [Landa, E. R.] US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Natl Res Program, Reston, VA 22092 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 23 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 383 EP 384 PG 2 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300227 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Ariss, JJ Hassell, RL Olson, S AF Thies, Judy A. Ariss, J. J. Hassell, R. L. Olson, S. TI UTILITY OF GRAFTING FOR MANAGING SOUTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA, IN WATERMELON. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thies, Judy A.; Ariss, J. J.] USDA, US Vegetable Lab, ARS, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Hassell, R. L.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Olson, S.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 385 EP 385 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300231 ER PT J AU Timper, P Davis, RF Jagdale, GB AF Timper, Patricia Davis, R. F. Jagdale, G. B. TI RESPONSE OF A NEMATODE COMMUNITY TO TILLAGE AND NEMATICIDE APPLICATION IN COTTON. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Timper, Patricia; Davis, R. F.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Jagdale, G. B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 388 EP 388 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300237 ER PT J AU Trammell, TLE Pouyat, RV Carreiro, MM Yesilonis, ID AF Trammell, Tara L. E. Pouyat, R. V. Carreiro, M. M. Yesilonis, I. D. TI MODELING URBAN SOIL CARBON STORAGE AND SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL USING CENTURY, A PLANT-SOIL ECOSYSTEM MODEL. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trammell, Tara L. E.; Carreiro, M. M.] Univ Louisville, Dept Biol, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Pouyat, R. V.; Yesilonis, I. D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Baltimore Ecosyst Study, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 12 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 389 EP 389 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300239 ER PT J AU Zasada, IA Pinkerton, JN Forge, TA AF Zasada, Inga A. Pinkerton, J. N. Forge, T. A. TI PATHOGENICITY OF PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES ON BLUEBERRY. SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zasada, Inga A.; Pinkerton, J. N.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Forge, T. A.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacif Agri Food Res Ctr, Agassiz, BC VOM 1A0, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI MARCELINE PA PO BOX 311, MARCELINE, MO 64658 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 397 EP 397 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 647BI UT WOS:000281590300259 ER PT J AU Mattei, J Demissie, S Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Mattei, Josiemer Demissie, Serkalem Tucker, Katherine L. Ordovas, Jose M. TI Apolipoprotein A5 Polymorphisms Interact with Total Dietary Fat Intake in Association with Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Puerto Rican Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; APOA1/C3/A4/A5 GENE-CLUSTER; APOA5 GENE; LIPID-METABOLISM; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; ELDERLY HISPANICS; CARIBBEAN ORIGIN; CONFERS RISK; BODY-MASS AB APOA5-1131T > C and S19W single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been consistently associated with plasma lipid concentration and metabolic syndrome (MetS), alone and in modulation by dietary factors. Puerto Ricans have a high prevalence of metabolic conditions and high minor allele frequency for these SNP, suggesting a possible role in disease for this population. We aimed to determine the association of APOA5-1131T > C and S19W with plasma lipids and markers of MetS, alone and in interaction with total fat intake, as a percent of total energy intake, in Puerto Ricans. Anthropometric and demographic data, FFQ, and blood samples were collected at baseline from participants in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n = 802, 45-75 y). APOA5 S19W was associated with plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.044); minor allele carriers had lower HDL-C [1.12 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE)] than those with the common variant (1.18 +/- 0.01 mmol/L), even after adjustment for plasma triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.012). Neither polymorphism was associated with TG or other lipids. Interaction of the -1131T > C SNP with total fat energy intake was observed for plasma TG (P = 0.032) and total cholesterol (P = 0.034). APOA5 S19W interacted with total fat intake in association with systolic (P = 0.002) and diastolic (P = 0.007) blood pressure. Neither SNP was associated with MetS in the overall analysis or after stratifying by total energy intake as fat. In conclusion, Puerto Ricans present a distinctive lipid profile in association with APOA5 polymorphisms. Dietary fat intake seems to modulate these associations. The results contribute to the understanding of health disparities in this population. J. Nutr. 139: 2301-2308, 2009. C1 [Mattei, Josiemer; Tucker, Katherine L.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Mattei, Josiemer; Tucker, Katherine L.; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Demissie, Serkalem] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH; National Institute on Aging [P01AG023394, P01AG023394-S1]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by the NIH, National Institute on Aging, grant nos. P01AG023394 and P01AG023394-S1 and by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 139 IS 12 BP 2301 EP 2308 DI 10.3945/jn.109.109900 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 528WY UT WOS:000272478900012 PM 19828688 ER PT J AU van de Rest, O Spiro, A Krall-Kaye, E Geleijnse, JM de Groot, LCPGM Tucker, KL AF van de Rest, Ondine Spiro, Avron, III Krall-Kaye, Elizabeth Geleijnse, Johanna M. de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Intakes of (n-3) Fatty Acids and Fatty Fish Are Not Associated with Cognitive Performance and 6-Year Cognitive Change in Men Participating in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OLDER-ADULTS; PLASMA; DECLINE; HEALTH; HOMOCYSTEINE; POPULATION; RISK AB High intake of fish and (n-3) PUFA may protect against age-related cognitive decline. However, results are inconsistent and limited data exist regarding changes in multiple cognitive functions over a longer period of time. In this study, we assessed the association between fatty fish intake as well as (n-3) PUFA intake with cognitive performance and cognitive change over 6 y in 1025 elderly men. Participants were from the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Cognitive function was assessed with a battery of cognitive tests focusing on factors representing memory/language, speed, and visuospatial/attention, Dietary intakes were assessed with a validated FFQ. We used general linear models to assess cross-sectional associations and mixed models to assess the associations over time. Models were adjusted for age, education, BMI, smoking, diabetes, and intake of alcohol, saturated fat, vitamin C, and vitamin E. The mean age of participating men was 68 y at baseline. Median fish consumption ranged from 0.2 to 4.2 servings/wk across quartiles. Cross-sectional analyses showed no association between fatty fish or (n-3) PUFA intake and cognitive performance. Longitudinal analyses, over 6 y of follow-up, also did not show any significant associations between fatty fish or (n-3) PUFA intake and cognitive change. In this population of elderly men, intake of neither fatty fish nor (n-3) PUFA was associated with cognitive performance. J. Nutr. 139: 2329-2336, 2009. C1 [Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [van de Rest, Ondine; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.] Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, NL-6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands. [Spiro, Avron, III] Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Spiro, Avron, III] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02130 USA. [Krall-Kaye, Elizabeth] Boston Univ, Goldman Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Krall-Kaye, Elizabeth] Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM katherine.tucker@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Geleijnse, Johanna/B-5749-2012; OI Spiro III, Avron/0000-0003-4080-8621; Kaye, Elizabeth/0000-0001-7529-2501; de Groot, Lisette /0000-0003-2778-2789; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU USDA, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; Clinical Science Research and Development Service of the US Department of Veterans Affairs; NIH [R01-AA08941, R01-AG13006, R01-AG14345, R01-AG18436, 5-P42-ES05947, R01-ES05257]; Cooperative Studies Program/ERIC FX Supported in part by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, agreement 58-1950-7-707, and by the organization "Jan Brouwer Fonds." The Cognition and Health in Aging Men Project is supported by the Clinical Science Research and Development Service of the US Department of Veterans Affairs and by the NIH (grants R01-AA08941, R01-AG13006, R01-AG14345, R01-AG18436,5-P42-ES05947, and R01-ES05257). The VA Normative Aging Study is supported by the Cooperative Studies Program/ERIC, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and is a research component of the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 139 IS 12 BP 2329 EP 2336 DI 10.3945/jn.109.113647 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 528WY UT WOS:000272478900016 PM 19828689 ER PT J AU Kim, KC Friso, S Choi, SW AF Kim, Kyong-chol Friso, Simonetta Choi, Sang-Woon TI DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism connecting folate to healthy embryonic development and aging SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE DNA methylation; Folate; Embryonic development; Aging; Carcinogenesis ID METHYLTRANSFERASE GENE DDNMT2; CPG ISLAND HYPERMETHYLATION; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES; GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS; MESSENGER-RNA LEVEL; BREAST-CANCER RISK; PROMOTER METHYLATION; TELOMERE LENGTH; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB Experimental studies demonstrated that maternal exposure to certain environmental and dietary factors during early embryonic development can influence the phenotype of offspring as well as the risk of disease development at the later life. DNA methylation, an epigenetic phenomenon, has been suggested as a mechanism by which maternal nutrients affect the phenotype of their offspring in both honeybee and agouti mouse models. Phenotypic changes through DNA methylation can be linked to folate metabolism by the knowledge that folate, a coenzyme of one-carbon metabolism, is directly involved in methyl group transfer for DNA methylation. During the fetal period, organ-specific DNA methylation patterns are established through epigenetic reprogramming. However, established DNA methylation patterns are not immutable and can be modified during our lifetime by the environment. Aberrant changes in DNA methylation with diet may lead to the development of age-associated diseases including cancer. It is also known that the aging process by itself is accompanied by alternations in DNA methylation. Diminished activity of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) can be a potential mechanism for the decreased genomic DNA methylation during aging, along with reduced folate intake and altered folate metabolism. Progressive hypermethylation in promoter regions of certain genes is observed throughout aging, and repression of tumor suppressors induced by this epigenetic mechanism appears to be associated with cancer development. In this review, we address the effect of folate on early development and aging through an epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Kyong-chol; Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kim, Kyong-chol] Mizmedi Hosp, Dept Family Med, Seoul 135280, South Korea. [Friso, Simonetta] Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Clin & Expt Med, I-37134 Verona, Italy. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sang.choi@tufts.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG025834, R01 AG025834-03]; NIAAA NIH HHS [R21 AA016681-02, R21 AA016681] NR 137 TC 71 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 20 IS 12 BP 917 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.008 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 521PU UT WOS:000271935300001 PM 19733471 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Abrams, A Pilitt, PA AF Hoberg, Eric P. Abrams, Arthur Pilitt, Patricia A. TI SYNLOPHE STRUCTURE FOR SPECIES OF LONGISTRONGYLUS (NEMATODA: TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA), ABOMASAL PARASITES AMONG UNGULATES FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, WITH COMPARISONS TO THE GLOBAL OSTERTAGIINE FAUNA SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; SP-NOV NEMATODA; NORTH-AMERICA; FAMILY TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; EMENDED DESCRIPTION; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; THALAE TRONCY; GENITAL CONE; GAME-ANIMALS AB The synlophe, or system of longitudinal cuticular ridges characteristic of some trichostrongyloid nematodes, is examined in detail for 6 of 8 species in Longistrongylus (Ostertagiinae) that occur in ungulates across sub-Saharan Africa. Among the species of Longistrongylus examined, 5 are characterized by a tapering pattern laterally in the cervical zone (anterior to the esophageal-intestinal junction), which is largely consistent among multiple male and female specimens; in contrast, for Longistrongylus meyeri the lateral pattern is parallel. The synlophe is bilaterally symmetrical, with ridges extending from the base of the cephalic expansion to near the caudal extremity in males and females. Ridges are acutely pointed, with perpendicular orientation and absence of gradient as viewed in transverse section. Species-specific patterns in conjunction with the numbers of ridges may serve to augment an array of diagnostic characters for species of Longistrongylus and contribute to increasingly accurate identification of female specimens. Among 5 of 6 species examined in the current study, the numbers of ridges in males was equal to or exceeded that observed in females, a pattern seen only in Africanastrongylus among the 15 genera of the Ostertagiinae. The differential numbers of ridges in males and females may represent another character among the suite of attributes that in part diagnose the genus Longistrongylus. C1 [Hoberg, Eric P.; Abrams, Arthur; Pilitt, Patricia A.] USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Anim Parasit Dis Lab, BARC E, Bldg 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Eric.Hoberg@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 95 IS 6 BP 1468 EP 1478 DI 10.1645/GE-2102.1 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 549QJ UT WOS:000274068400033 PM 19545187 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL AF Willett, J. L. Finkenstadt, V. L. TI Comparison of Cationic and Unmodified Starches in Reactive Extrusion of Starch-Polyacrylamide Graft Copolymers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Starch; Graft copolymers; Reactive extrusion AB Graft copolymers of starch and polyacrylamide (PAAm) were prepared using reactive extrusion in a corotating twin screw extruder. The effect of cationic starch modification was examined using unmodified and cationic dent starch (a parts per thousand 23% amylose) and waxy maize starch (a parts per thousand 2% amylose). For a fixed acrylamide/starch feed ratio, conversion, graft content, and grafting efficiency were essentially unaffected by starch type or modification. Cationic starch graft copolymers generally had lower molecular weight PAAm grafts compared to the unmodified starch, whereas amylose content had little or no significant effect. In addition, the frequency of grafting was higher with cationic starch. These results indicate that cationic modification of starch enhances formation of grafting sites, resulting in graft copolymers with more grafts of lower molecular compared to unmodified starch. Cationic modification may therefore be a way to tailor the properties of starch-PAAm graft copolymers. C1 [Willett, J. L.; Finkenstadt, V. L.] USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Willett, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM jl.willett@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s10924-009-0145-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 534QK UT WOS:000272912000004 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Uknalis, J Paoli, G He, YP Gehring, A AF Tu, Shu-I Uknalis, Joseph Paoli, George He, Yiping Gehring, Andrew TI PRODUCTION OF SHIGA-LIKE TOXINS BY ESCHERICHIA COLI O157: H7: EFFECTS OF OTHER BACTERIA AND ANALOGS OF QUORUM SENSING MOLECULES SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; INDOLE; GROWTH; ASSAY; BEEF; TEMPERATURES; ANTIBIOTICS; SALMONELLA; CYTOTOXIN AB Accompanied with the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7, there was a production of Shiga-like toxins by this pathogenic bacterium. Time-course studies indicated that the accumulation of toxins in the medium occurred mainly at the stationary phase of cell growth. The growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in culture media was not significantly affected by the presence of other bacteria, e.g., E. coli K-12, E. coli B6, Salmonella and Pseudomonas, even at high ratios. However, the production of Shiga-like toxins by E. coli O157 : H7 could be reduced by certain other bacteria, e.g., E. coli K-12, Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Pseudomonas putida. These lowering effects by other background bacteria on the toxin production were also observed in experiments using regular and irradiated ground beef. The presence of analogs of quorum-sensing molecules such as homoserine lactone (HSL) and indole, in general decreased the production of toxins by E. coli O157 : H7. This decrease could be partially reversed by the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. The complex nature of the control of Shiga toxin production is discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The toxic effects of pathogenic bacterium E. coli O157 : H7 are related to the production of Shiga-like toxins by the pathogen. Current studies on the influence of environmental factors such as cell density, presence of other bacteria, chemicals and food components indicated a complex influence on the production of Shiga-like toxins by E. coli O157 : H7. The observation that the presence of certain other bacteria could lower the ability of E. coli O157 : H7 to produce the toxins was of particular interest. The analyses of the results suggested several practical possibilities to lower the production of the toxins, and thus, the health risk of the pathogen to the general public. C1 [Tu, Shu-I; Uknalis, Joseph; Paoli, George; He, Yiping; Gehring, Andrew] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shui.tu@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 4 BP 420 EP 437 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 527QB UT WOS:000272380500003 ER PT J AU Herald, TJ Abugoush, M Aramouni, F AF Herald, Thomas J. Abugoush, Mahmoud Aramouni, Fadi TI PHYSICAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF EGG YOLK AND EGG YOLK SUBSTITUTES IN A MODEL MAYONNAISE SYSTEM SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Egg yolk substitutes; mayonnaise; physical evaluation; sensory evaluation ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; EMULSION STABILITY; WATER ACTIVITY; PROTEINS; FUNCTIONALITY; VISCOSITY; GUM AB Physical and sensory properties of several commercially available egg alternatives in a mayonnaise formulation were compared with a control formulation using whole egg. The egg alternatives included modified corn starch (MCS), wheat protein (WP), whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), WPI-gum blend (WPI-GB) and WPC-fenugreek gum blend (WPC-FGB). These egg alternatives were evaluated at 100% and 50% replacement. At 100% replacement, all egg alternatives except WPI exhibited significantly higher emulsion stability compared with the control. WPI-GB, WPC-FGB and WP at 100% exhibited significantly higher viscosity than the control. When used at 50% replacement an antagonistic relationship with egg yolk was observed for viscosity and firmness. At 100% replacement, WPI exhibited significantly higher firmness value than the control. Descriptive and consumer panels reported that MCS and WPC-FGB exhibited attributes similar, if not better than, the control. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The egg alternatives were used to replace egg as a functional ingredient in a model mayonnaise system. These alternatives can deliver functionality at a lower cost and can be incorporated to produce a suitable mayonnaise system especially modified corn starch and blends of whey protein concentrate-fenugreek gum blend. These results may help producers in formulating a new mayonnaise type. C1 [Abugoush, Mahmoud] Hashemite Univ, Zarqa 13133, Jordan. [Herald, Thomas J.] USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod, Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Aramouni, Fadi] Kansas State Univ, Inst Food Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Abugoush, M (reprint author), Hashemite Univ, Zarqa 13133, Jordan. EM abulaith@hu.edu.jo NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-4901 J9 J TEXTURE STUD JI J. Texture Stud. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 6 BP 692 EP 709 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 527QL UT WOS:000272381500005 ER PT J AU Carpenter, WO Chambers, JP Wren, DG Kuhnle, RA Diers, JA AF Carpenter, Wayne O., Jr. Chambers, James P. Wren, Daniel G. Kuhnle, Roger A. Diers, Jeffrey A. TI Acoustic measurements of clay-size particles SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE acoustic measurement; acoustic transducers; acoustic wave absorption; rivers; sediments; underwater acoustic propagation ID SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; BACKSCATTER; FREQUENCY; POROSITY; VELOCITY; SAND AB Knowledge of sediment concentration is important in the study of streams and rivers. The work presented explores using high frequency (20 MHz) acoustic signal attenuation to measure the concentration of fine sediment particles (0.2-5.0 mu m) in a fluvial environment. A small laboratory tank with a pitch-catch transducer configuration measured a 35 dB change in signal level over a wide range of kaolinite and bentonite concentrations (1-14 g/l) over a range of distances (180-357 mm). The data suggest that a fixed distance of 180 mm between the transducers will be capable of measuring the entire range of concentrations. C1 [Carpenter, Wayne O., Jr.; Chambers, James P.] Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, University, MS 38677 USA. [Wren, Daniel G.; Kuhnle, Roger A.; Diers, Jeffrey A.] ARS, USDA, NSL, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Carpenter, WO (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Phys Acoust, 1 Coliseum Dr, University, MS 38677 USA. EM wocarpen@olemiss.edu; chambers@olemiss.edu; daniel.wren@ars.usda.gov; roger.kuhnle@ars.usda.gov; jeffrey.diers@ars.usda.gov FU Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project ( FISP) FX This work was funded by the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project ( FISP). NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 126 IS 6 BP EL190 EP EL195 DI 10.1121/1.3258065 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 533QH UT WOS:000272838800004 PM 20000893 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Barnard, DR AF Xue, Rui-De Barnard, Donald R. TI PARTIAL BLOOD MEAL, CARBOHYDRATE AVAILABILITY, AND BLOODFEEDING-POSTPONEMENT EFFECTS ON HUMAN HOST AVIDITY AND DEET REPELLENCY IN AEDES ALBOPICTUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; sugar feeding; host seeking; bloodfeeding; repellent; N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide ID DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; SEEKING; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Host avidity and deet repellency were measured in partially bloodfed Aedes albopictus provided 10% sucrose, water, or nothing when access to a human host was postponed for 1 to 72 h after a partial blood meal. Carbohydrate availability and postfeeding time influenced avidity. but partial blood meal effects were not significant. Mean host avidity declined significantly between hours 1 mid 6 (range 50-18%) but increased significantly between hours 24 (54%) and 72 (68%) alter a partial blood meal. Females provided sucrose solution and females denied sucrose or water showed the least (29%) and most (39%) host avidity, regardless of other treatment effects. The longest and shortest deet protection times were 8.5 h against females provided sucrose and 7.3 h against females denied sucrose or water, respectively. Denial of carbohydrate sustenance significantly increased host avidity and deet repellency in partially bloodfed female Ae. albopictus, whereas sucrose availability led to reduced host responding activity and decreased repellency of deet. C1 [Xue, Rui-De] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32085 USA. [Barnard, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, 500 Old Beach Rd, St Augustine, FL 32085 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 431 EP 435 DI 10.2987/09-5943.1 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 536FM UT WOS:000273029300005 PM 20099589 ER PT J AU Bonds, JAS Greer, MJ Fritz, BK Hoffmann, WC AF Bonds (Barber), Jane A. S. Greer, Mike J. Fritz, Bradley K. Hoffmann, W. Clint TI AEROSOL SAMPLING: COMPARISON OF TWO ROTATING IMPACTORS FOR FIELD DROPLET SIZING AND VOLUMETRIC MEASUREMENTS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Collection efficiency; rotary impactor; aerosol sampling ID SAMPLERS AB This article compares the collection characteristics of a new rotating impactor Florida Latham Bonds (FLB) sampler for ultrafine aerosols with a mimic of I he industry standard (Hock-type). The volume and droplet-size distribution collected by the rotating impactors were measured via spectroscopy and microscopy. The rotary impactors were colocated with an isokinetic air sampler for a total volume flux measurement and a laser diffraction instrument for droplet-size distribution measurement. The measured volumetric flux and droplet-size distribution collection efficiencies were compared across 3 wind speeds (1, 1.8, and 3.5 m/sec). The FLB sampler had higher flux collection efficiencies than the Hock-type sampler. The FLB sampler collected 89%. 87%, and 98% of the total volume available per unit area at 1, 1.8. and 3.5 m/sec. respectively. whereas the Hock-type sampler collected 68%, 19%, and 21% of across the same wind speeds. Changes in wind speed had less impact and resulted in less data variability for the FLB sampler. C1 [Bonds (Barber), Jane A. S.; Greer, Mike J.] Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, John A Mulrennan Sr Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ, Adulticide Applicat & Evaluat Sect, Panama City, FL 32605 USA. [Fritz, Bradley K.; Hoffmann, W. Clint] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Bonds, JAS (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Coll Engn Sci Technol & Agr, John A Mulrennan Sr Publ Hlth Entomol Res & Educ, Adulticide Applicat & Evaluat Sect, Panama City, FL 32605 USA. FU US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX We Would like to thank the staff at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) in College Station, TX, and Mark Latham, Manatee County Mosquito Control District, for all of their help. This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 474 EP 479 DI 10.2987/09-5882.1 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 536FM UT WOS:000273029300011 PM 20099595 ER PT J AU Xue, RD Barnard, DR Ali, A AF Xue, Rui-De Barnard, Donald R. Ali, Arshad TI INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE BLOOD MEALS ON GONOTROPHIC DISSOCIATION AND FECUNDITY IN AEDES ALBOPICTUS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; multiple blood meals; gonotrophic dissociation; fecundity ID AEGYPTI DIPTERA; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; CYCLE AB Gonotrophic dissociation and fecundity in adult female Aedes albopictus affect the transmission of arbovirus and mosquito population dynamics. Female Ae. albopictus bloodfed on guinea pig and human hosts produced significantly (P < 0.05) higher number of eggs (80 and 82/female, respectively) than females fed on chicken (67 eggs/female). Fecundity in mosquitoes that took a double blood meal (chicken and guinea pig), a triple blood meal (3 separate guinea pigs), or mixed blood meals (chicken, guinea pig, and human) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than in females fed on a single chicken or on 2 separate chickens (refeeding). Gonotrophic dissociation in laboratory colony of Ae. albopictus was first observed and its frequency decreased with multiple blood meals with triple feeding or mixed feeding (3 meals on 3 host types). Blood meal source did not significantly influence gonotrophic dissociation in Ae. albopictus. C1 [Xue, Rui-De] Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. [Barnard, Donald R.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Ali, Arshad] Univ Florida, IFAS, Midflorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. [Ali, Arshad] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Xue, RD (reprint author), Anastasia Mosquito Control Dist, 500 Old Beach Rd, St Augustine, FL 32080 USA. RI Ali, Arshad/J-6647-2015 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 504 EP 507 DI 10.2987/09-5912.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 536FM UT WOS:000273029300015 PM 20099598 ER PT J AU Farooq, M Hoffmann, WC Walker, TW Smith, VL Robinson, CA Dunford, JC Sutherland, IW AF Farooq, M. Hoffmann, W. C. Walker, T. W. Smith, V. L. Robinson, C. A. Dunford, J. C. Sutherland, I. W. TI SAMPLERS FOR EVALUATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ULTRA-LOW VOLUME SPACE SPRAYS SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprays; sprayer evaluation; spray flux; samplers; deposition ID COACHELLA VALLEY; VECTOR CONTROL; EQUIPMENT; CALIFORNIA AB A field study was conducted to explore the suitability of 5 pesticide deposition samplers for airborne spray and ground deposits from ultra-low-volume (ULV) space sprays. Samplers included horizontally stretched stationary cotton ribbons at 2 heights, rotating ribbon. rotating Teflon slides, and filter paper. Slides were also used for droplet-size analysis. A set of 7 samplers of each type was placed at 1, 7, 15, 25, 40 65, and 90 in from the spray line along the spray swath. Water and BVA13 oil with fluorescent dyes as tracers were sprayed with the use of a truck-mounted ULV sprayer at dusk and dawn. Results suggest that the horizontal and rotating cotton ribbons are best for quantification of airborne spray and filter paper is best for ground deposition collection. The rotating slide samplers only detected the BVA13 oil-based sprays. C1 [Farooq, M.; Walker, T. W.; Smith, V. L.; Robinson, C. A.; Dunford, J. C.; Sutherland, I. W.] USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. [Hoffmann, W. C.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Farooq, M (reprint author), USN, Navy Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL 32212 USA. FU US Department of Defense through the Armned Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the US Department of Defense through the Armned Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.2987/09-0009R.1 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 536FM UT WOS:000273029300020 PM 20099603 ER PT J AU Warner, K Moser, J AF Warner, Kathleen Moser, Jill TI Frying Stability of Purified Mid-Oleic Sunflower Oil Triacylglycerols with Added Pure Tocopherols and Tocopherol Mixtures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Fried food; Frying; Mid-oleic sunflower oil; Sensory; Tocopherols ID OXIDATIVE STABILITY; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; FAT; ANTIOXIDANTS; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB To determine the effects of the addition of pure tocopherols to triacylglycerols, alpha, gamma, and delta tocopherols were added singly and in various combinations to stripped mid-oleic sunflower oil (SMOSUN). Tortilla chips were fried in the treated oils and then aged at ambient temperature to determine storage stability of the fried food. Frying oils were evaluated for total polar compounds (TPC) as an indicator of oil deterioration, and they were also analyzed for retention of tocopherols. To determine effects of tocopherols on fried-food stability, chips were evaluated for hexanal as an indicator of oxidative stability and for odor characteristics by a trained, experienced analytical sensory panel. Oils extracted from the tortilla chips were also analyzed for residual tocopherols. TPC were highest in the SMOSUN control with no additives followed by the SMOSUN containing only alpha tocopherol. The SMOSUN oil containing gamma tocopherol had the best fry life as indicated by the lowest TPC. Hexanal content and rancid odor intensity were highest in the chips fried in the SMOSUN control and in the SMOSUN containing only alpha tocopherol. The most stable tortilla chips were fried in SMOSUN containing all three (alpha, gamma, and delta) tocopherols; however, the lowest hexanal levels were measured when gamma and delta tocopherols were added at their highest concentrations. C1 [Warner, Kathleen; Moser, Jill] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kathleen.warner@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1199 EP 1207 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1461-9 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 518ZU UT WOS:000271735600008 ER PT J AU Moreau, RA Lampi, AM Hicks, KB AF Moreau, Robert A. Lampi, Anna-Maija Hicks, Kevin B. TI Fatty Acid, Phytosterol, and Polyamine Conjugate Profiles of Edible Oils Extracted from Corn Germ, Corn Fiber, and Corn Kernels SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Corn; Zea mays; Fatty acids; Phytosterols; Germ; Oil ID GROUND CORN; PRODUCTS; ETHANOL AB This study compared the profiles of fatty acids, phytosterols, and polyamine conjugates in conventional commercial corn oil extracted from corn germ and in two "new-generation" corn oils: hexane-extracted corn fiber oil and ethanol-extracted corn kernel oil. The fatty acid compositions of all three corn oils were very similar and were unaffected by degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization. The levels of total phytosterols in crude corn fiber oil were about tenfold higher than those in commercial corn oil, and their levels in crude corn kernel oil were more than twofold higher than in conventional corn oil. When corn kernel oil was subjected to conventional degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization, about half of the phytosterols was removed, whereas when corn fiber oil was subjected to a gentle form of degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorization, only about 10% of the phytosterols was removed. Finally, when the levels of polyamine conjugates (diferuloylputrescine and p-coumaroyl feruloylputrescine) were examined in these corn oils, they were only detected in the ethanol-extracted crude corn kernel oil, confirming earlier reports that they were not extracted by hexane, and providing new information that they could be removed from ethanol-extracted corn kernel oil by conventional degumming, refining, bleaching, and deodorizing. C1 [Moreau, Robert A.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Lampi, Anna-Maija] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, Helsinki, Finland. RP Moreau, RA (reprint author), ARS, Crop Convers Sci & Engn Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM robert.moreau@ars.usda.gov OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 86 IS 12 BP 1209 EP 1214 DI 10.1007/s11746-009-1456-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 518ZU UT WOS:000271735600009 ER PT J AU Todd, MJ Vellidis, G Lowrance, RR Pringle, CM AF Todd, M. Jason Vellidis, George Lowrance, R. Richard Pringle, Catherine M. TI High Sediment Oxygen Demand Within an Instream Swamp in Southern Georgia: Implications for Low Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Coastal Blackwater Streams1 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sediment oxygen demand; dissolved oxygen; blackwater streams; organic carbon; total maximum daily load ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; PLAIN WATERSHEDS; RIVER; METABOLISM; USA; IMPACTS; CARBON; RESPIRATION; VEGETATION; BIOMASS AB Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is considered a critical and dominant sink for dissolved oxygen (DO) in many river systems including blackwater streams and is often poorly investigated or roughly estimated in oxygen budgets. The purposes of this study are to (1) characterize and document the magnitude and variability of SOD in representative instream swamps found on the Georgia Coastal Plain; (2) predict SOD from more readily measured parameters such as soil, sediment, and litter organic carbon; and (3) obtain an accurate representation of SOD values within this understudied habitat to help improve water quality models and the continued development of DO as an appropriate water quality standard. Results show SOD rates ranging from 0.491 to 14.189 g O(2)/m2/day, up to 18 times higher than values reported for southeastern sandy-bottomed streams and suggest that instream swamps are repositories of large amounts of organic matter and are thus areas of intense oxygen demand and a major factor in determining the oxygen balance of the watershed as a whole. These areas of intense oxygen demand in relatively unimpacted areas indicate that low DO concentrations may be a natural phenomenon. SOD rates were significantly correlated (alpha = 0.05) with a number of sediment parameters, with organic carbon and total organic carbon being the best predictors of SOD rate. When developing water quality models, managers should pay closer attention to the influence of SOD as it plays a critical role in determining DO levels within instream swamps and the river system. C1 [Todd, M. Jason; Pringle, Catherine M.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vellidis, George] Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. [Lowrance, R. Richard] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. RP Todd, MJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mjtodd@princeton.edu RI Pringle, Catherine/I-1841-2012 FU USDA-CSREES Integrated Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program - National Integrated Water Quality Program [2004-5113002224]; Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations; USDA-ARS CRIS FX This work has been supported by a grant from the USDA-CSREES Integrated Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program - National Integrated Water Quality Program (Award No. 2004-5113002224), Hatch and State funds allocated to the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, and USDA-ARS CRIS project funds. We would like to thank Wynn Bloodworth, Chris Clegg, Debbie Coker, Jerry Davis, Herman Henry, Paige Gay, Mike Gibbs, Rodney Hill, Lorine Lewis, and Andrew Mehring for field, laboratory, and technical assistance. We would also like to thank James Walker and Pat Bailey for generously allowing access onto their land. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1493 EP 1507 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00380.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 528JD UT WOS:000272439300014 ER PT J AU McCann, S Day, JF Allan, S Lord, CC AF McCann, Sean Day, Jonathan F. Allan, Sandra Lord, Cynthia C. TI Age modifies the effect of body size on fecundity in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mosquito; aging; fecundity; nutrition; Culex ID LIFE TABLE CHARACTERISTICS; VECTOR COMPETENCE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; RELEASE-RECAPTURE; MOSQUITO; METABOLISM; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; SURVIVAL; MALARIA AB Fecundity of mosquitoes can vary with many factors and can have a strong effect on population growth. This study reports the effects of body size, blood meal size, and age on the reproductive output of nulliparous Culex quinquefasciatus, a vector of arboviruses and other pathogens. Mated adult female mosquitoes from a colony were reared under standard conditions and fed on chickens at different ages post-eclosion. Blood meal size and wing length were recorded, as well as the number of eggs in the first-cycle egg raft. Each of these factors had a significant influence on fecundity considered in a simple regression context. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between age and body size on fecundity. Up to 13 days of age, fecundity was positively correlated with body size, but in mosquitoes older than 13 days, this relationship was not significantly different from zero. These results are discussed in terms of the known physiology of this and other species. C1 [McCann, Sean] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Day, Jonathan F.; Lord, Cynthia C.] Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. [Allan, Sandra] USDA, Mosquito & Fly Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP McCann, S (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. OI McCann, Sean/0000-0001-6030-6456 FU NIH [R01 AI042164] FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Drs. L.P. Lounibos and G.F. O'Meara for their assistance in reviewing and commenting on this paper, and Dr. Chelsea Smartt for use of the spectrophotometer. This research was supported by NIH grant R01 AI042164. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 2 BP 174 EP 181 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 531GA UT WOS:000272650600002 PM 20563290 ER PT J AU Xie, YJ Wang, MQ Xu, DL Li, RH Zhou, GH AF Xie, Yujia Wang, Mingqiang Xu, Donglin Li, Ruhui Zhou, Guohui TI Simultaneous detection and identification of four sugarcane viruses by one-step RT-PCR SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane mosaic disease; Sugarcane yellow leaf disease; One-step multiplex RT-PCR ID YELLOW-LEAF-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PROTEIN-CODING REGION; STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DISEASE; POTYVIRUS; INDIA AB Sugarcane mosaic disease (SMD) caused by the Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV) and Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) and sugarcane yellow leaf disease (SYLD) caused by the Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) are the two most prevalent and economically important viral diseases of sugarcane. In this study, a one-step quadruplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method that employed virus-specific primers was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of SCMV, SrMV, SCSMV and SCYLV. Several sets of primers for each target virus were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity by simplex and quadruplex RT-PCR. The optimum primer combinations and concentrations, RT temperature and time, and PCR annealing temperature and extension time were determined for the quadruplex RT-PCR. The assay was then validated using sugarcane samples affected with SMD and/or SYLD collected from sugarcane breeding fields and farmers' fields in southern China. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xie, Yujia; Wang, Mingqiang; Xu, Donglin; Zhou, Guohui] S China Agr Univ, Lab Plant Virol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xu, Donglin; Li, Ruhui] USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhou, GH (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Lab Plant Virol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM ghzhou@scau.edu.cn OI Xu, Dongin/0000-0002-5719-2950 FU Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [5006669]; Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology [2003B21604] FX We thank Mr. H.H. Deng and W.K. Shen of the Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute for their help with the sample collection. This work was supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (5006669) and the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2003B21604). NR 33 TC 15 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 EI 1879-0984 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2009 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.015 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 517BA UT WOS:000271586500009 PM 19646484 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Varone, L Ramirez, L Briano, J AF Valles, Steven M. Varone, Laura Ramirez, Leonardo Briano, Juan TI Multiplex detection of Solenopsis invicta viruses-1,-2, and-3 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Positive-strand RNA virus; Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis invicta virus; Multiplex PCR ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; VIRUS; RNA; INFECTION AB Multiplex reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were developed to detect Solenopsis invicta viruses -1, -2, and -3 simultaneously in their host, the red imported fire ant, S. invicta. cDNA synthesis was conducted in a single reaction containing an oligonucleotide primer specific for each virus. Multiplex PCR was subsequently conducted with oligonucleotide primer pairs specific for each virus. The method was specific and sensitive, capable of detecting as few as 500 copies of the viral genomes consistently. Specificity was verified by PCR and amplicon sequencing. The method was evaluated against field-collected samples of ant workers from colonies in Argentina (n = 135 ant colonies) and the United States (n = 172 ant colonies). The prevalence of each virus in fire ant colonies varied considerably from site to site. A number of colonies exhibited multiple virus infections. However, the multiple SINV infection rate was lower than for single infections. Comparison of viral infection prevalence between S. invicta colonies in Argentina and the U.S. showed no statistical differences, regardless of infection category. This method is anticipated to facilitate epidemiological and related studies concerning the S. invicta viruses in fire ants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Valles, Steven M.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Varone, Laura; Ramirez, Leonardo; Briano, Juan] ARS, USDA, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1559 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM steven.valles@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2009 VL 162 IS 1-2 BP 276 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.019 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 517BA UT WOS:000271586500042 PM 19646477 ER PT J AU Chale-Rush, A Morris, EP Kendall, TL Brooks, NE Fielding, RA AF Chale-Rush, Angela Morris, Evan P. Kendall, Tracee L. Brooks, Naomi E. Fielding, Roger A. TI Effects of Chronic Overload on Muscle Hypertrophy and mTOR Signaling in Young Adult and Aged Rats SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE mTOR; Muscle hypertrophy; Muscle overload; Aging ID TWITCH SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MESSENGER-RNA TRANSLATION; BROWN-NORWAY RATS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; MAMMALIAN TARGET; FISCHER-344 RATS; OLDER MEN; PHOSPHORYLATION; ACTIVATION; KINASE AB We examined the effect of 28 days of overload on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in young adult (Y; 6-month old) and aged (O; 30-month old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats subjected to bilateral synergist ablation (SA) of two thirds of the gastrocnemius muscle or sham surgery (CON). Although plantaris (PLA) muscle hypertrophy was attenuated by aging, mTOR phosphorylation was 44% and 35% greater in Y SA and O SA compared with CON (p =.038). Ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation was 114% and 24% higher in Y SA and O SA compared with CON (p =.009). Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B epsilon phosphorylation was 33% and 9% higher in Y SA and O SA compared with CON (p =.04). Translational signaling in young adult and aged plantaris muscle is equally responsive to chronic overload. C1 [Chale-Rush, Angela; Morris, Evan P.; Kendall, Tracee L.; Brooks, Naomi E.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health [AG-25270, DK007651] FX This work was supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture (58-1950-7-707) and the National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (AG-25270 and DK007651). NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 64 IS 12 BP 1232 EP 1239 DI 10.1093/gerona/glp146 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 516WI UT WOS:000271573600004 PM 19808838 ER PT J AU Walter, WD VerCauteren, KC Campa, H Clark, WR Fischer, JW Hygnstrom, SE Mathews, NE Nielsen, CK Schauber, EM Van Deelen, TR Winterstein, SR AF Walter, W. David VerCauteren, Kurt C. Campa, Henry, III Clark, William R. Fischer, Justin W. Hygnstrom, Scott E. Mathews, Nancy E. Nielsen, Clayton K. Schauber, Eric M. Van Deelen, Timothy R. Winterstein, Scott R. TI Regional assessment on influence of landscape configuration and connectivity on range size of white-tailed deer SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic; Connectivity; Home range; Landscape pattern indices; Odocoileus virginianus; White-tailed deer ID SOUTH-CENTRAL WISCONSIN; HOME-RANGE; MULE DEER; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; VEHICLE ACCIDENTS; POPULATION; HABITAT; HETEROGENEITY; MICHIGAN AB Variation in the size of home range of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has broad implications for managing populations, agricultural damage, and disease spread and transmission. Size of home range of deer also varies seasonally because plant phenology dictates the vegetation types that are used as foraging or resting sites. Knowledge of the landscape configuration and connectivity that contributes to variation in size of home range of deer for the region is needed to fully understand differences and similarities of deer ecology throughout the Midwest. We developed a research team from four Midwestern states to investigate how size of home range of deer in agro-forested landscapes is influenced by variations in landscape characteristics that provide essential habitat components. We found that for resident female deer, annual size of home range in Illinois (mean = 0.99 km(2)), Michigan (mean = 1.34 km(2)), Nebraska (mean = 1.20 km(2)), and Wisconsin (mean = 1.47 km(2)) did not differ across the region (F (3,175) = 0.42, P = 0.737), but differences between agricultural growing and nongrowing periods were apparent. Variables influencing size of home range included: distance to forests, roads, and urban development from the centroid of deer home range, and percent of crop as well as four landscape pattern indices (contrast-weighted edge density, mean nearest neighbor, area-weighted mean shape index, and patch size coefficient of variation). We also identified differences in model selection for four landscapes created hierarchically to reflect levels of landscape connectivity determined from perceived ability of deer to traverse the landscape. Connectivity of selected forested regions within agro-forested ecosystems across the Midwest plays a greater role in understanding the size of home ranges than traditional definitions of deer habitat conditions and landscape configuration. C1 [Walter, W. David] Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Fischer, Justin W.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Campa, Henry, III; Winterstein, Scott R.] Michigan State Univ, Michigan Agr Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Campa, Henry, III; Winterstein, Scott R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Clark, William R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Mathews, Nancy E.] Univ Wisconsin, Gaylord Nelson Inst Environm Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Nielsen, Clayton K.; Schauber, Eric M.] So Illinois Univ, Cooperat Wildlife Res Lab, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Nielsen, Clayton K.; Schauber, Eric M.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Van Deelen, Timothy R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Walter, WD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, 201 Wagar Bldg,1484 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM WDavid.Walter@colostate.edu NR 66 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1405 EP 1420 DI 10.1007/s10980-009-9374-4 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 519ZP UT WOS:000271809800011 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Grieve, CM Papiernik, SK Yang, CH AF Ibekwe, A. Mark Grieve, C. M. Papiernik, S. K. Yang, C. -H. TI Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of lettuce SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; lettuce; persistence; phyllosphere; real-time PCR; rhizosphere ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; REAL-TIME PCR; IRRIGATION WATER; CONTAMINATED MANURE; O157-H7; LEAVES; SOILS; FATE AB Aims: The major objective of this study was to determine the effects of low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination on plant by monitoring the survival of the pathogen on the rhizosphere and leaf surfaces of lettuce during the growth process. Methods and Results: Real-time PCR and plate counts were used to quantify the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in the rhizosphere and leaf surfaces after planting. Real-time PCR assays were designed to amplify the stx1, stx2 and the eae genes of E. coli O157:H7. The detection limit for E. coli O157:H7 quantification by real-time PCR was 2 center dot 4 x 103 CFU g-1 of starting DNA in rhizosphere and phyllosphere samples and about 102 CFU g-1 by plate count. The time for pathogens to reach detection limits on the leaf surface by plate counts was 7 days after planting in comparison with 21 days in the rhizosphere. However, real-time PCR continued to detect stx1, stx2 and the eae genes throughout the experimental period. Conclusion: Escherichia coli O157:H7 survived throughout the growth period as was determined by real-time PCR and by subsequent enrichment and immunomagnetic separation of edible part of plants. Significance and impact of the Study: The potential presence of human pathogens in vegetables grown in soils contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 is a serious problem to our national food supply as the pathogen may survive on the leaf surface as they come in contact with contaminated soil during germination. C1 [Ibekwe, A. Mark; Grieve, C. M.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Papiernik, S. K.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Yang, C. -H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Ibekwe, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Mark.Ibekwe@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX This research was supported by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS. Mention of trademark or propriety products in this manuscript does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the property by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0266-8254 EI 1472-765X J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 784 EP 790 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02745.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 517UG UT WOS:000271643300020 ER PT J AU Sutherland, MA Krebs, N Smith, JS Dailey, JW Carroll, JA McGlone, JJ AF Sutherland, M. A. Krebs, N. Smith, J. S. Dailey, J. W. Carroll, J. A. McGlone, J. J. TI The effect of three space allowances on the physiology and behavior of weaned pigs during transportation SO LIVESTOCK SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Animal welfare; Behavior; Cortisol; Pigs; Space requirements; Transport ID SLAUGHTER PIGS; STOCKING DENSITY; CARCASS QUALITY; STRESS; NEUROENDOCRINE; PIGLETS; WELFARE; BLOOD AB Stocking density is an important aspect of transport, which could affect animal health and welfare, especially in pigs simultaneously experiencing weaning stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three different space allowances on the physiology and behavior of weaned pigs during transport. A commercial semi-trailer with compartments that provided 0.05, 0.06 and 0.07 m(2)/pig was used throughout the study. All three space allowances were represented on both the upper and lower decks during each replicate. A constant of 100 pigs were loaded into each experimental compartment. Pigs were then transported for 112.5 +/- 6.5 min to the wean-to-finishing site using the same route for each replication. This experiment was replicated 4 times. The experimental unit was the compartment Prior to and after transport blood samples were taken from a sub-set of pigs (n=32 pigs/space allowance) for analysis of physiological and immune measures, and body weights and lesion scores were also recorded. Data loggers were fitted inside the trailer to record temperature, humidity, and wind speed. Cameras were placed in each experimental compartment to record behavior and postures of pigs during transport. The frequencies of standing, lying. sitting, standing-rearing on another pig, lying/huddling on top of another pig, total active and total inactive behaviors were recorded using 1-min scan samples during the entire duration of transport. Inside trailer temperature ranged from -2.4 to 21.7 degrees C and inside trailer relative humidity ranged from 28.4 to 89.2% during transport Cortisol, the neutrophil: lymphocyte (N:L) ratio, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin. total protein. albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase were higher (p<0.05) in pigs after transport regardless of space allowance. Skin lesions were more severe (p<0.001) in pigs after transport regardless of space allowance. Pigs spent more (p<0.001) time active during the first 75 min of transport compared with the last 30 min, regardless of space allowance. Pigs spent less (p<0.01) time standing on another pig during transport at 0.07 m(2)/pig compared with pigs transported at 0.06 m(2)/pig. Higher cortisol concentrations and N:L ratio in weaned pigs after transport suggest that these pigs experienced stress, however space allowance did not appear to influence this response. Space allowances of 0.05. 0.06 or 0.07 m(2)/pig did not differentially influence pig wellbeing during a 112-min transport period as measured by changes in physiological measures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sutherland, M. A.; Krebs, N.; Smith, J. S.; McGlone, J. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Pork Ind Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Dailey, J. W.; Carroll, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Sutherland, MA (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Pork Ind Inst, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM mhairi.sutherland@ttu.edu OI Sutherland, Mhairi/0000-0001-6972-2405 FU National Pork Checkoff FX This project was funded by the National Pork Checkoff. The authors would like to thank Lindsey Hulbert, Matt Massey, and Terrell Bib for their assistance. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-1413 J9 LIVEST SCI JI Livest. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 126 IS 1-3 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.06.021 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 511QC UT WOS:000271180300021 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, Forrest H. TI Dietary fatty acid composition alters magnesium metabolism, distribution, and marginal deficiency response in rats SO MAGNESIUM RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE magnesium; n-3 fatty acids; n-6 fatty acids; oxidative stress; fish oil ID DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT; MINERAL METABOLISM; DISRUPTS BONE; CALCIUM; REDUCTION; FRUCTOSE; CELLS AB Based on dietary intake recommendations, magnesium deficiency commonly occurs throughout the world. However, widespread pathological conditions induced by dietary magnesium deficiency have not been identified. This discrepancy may be caused by other dietary factors ameliorating or exacerbating the response to a marginal magnesium deficiency and/or the length of the deficiency. Thus, a study was performed to determine whether the n-6/n-3 fatty acid composition of the diet affects the response to marginal magnesium deprivation, and whether the effect was dependent upon the length of deprivation. Weanling female rats were fed diets containing 250 mg/kg magnesium in a factorial arrangement with dietary variables of supplemental magnesium at 0 or 250 mg/kg (total of 250 or 500 mg/kg) and fat sources of 75 g/kg corn oil or 65 g/kg fish (menhaden) oil plus 10 g/kg linoleic acid. After 8 and 12 weeks on their respective diets, each rat was placed in a metabolic cage for a 16-hour collection of urine. After 13 weeks, the rats were anesthetized with ether for the collection of plasma and organs. Marginal magnesium deficiency was confirmed by decreased urinary excretion and femur, tibia and vertebrae concentrations of magnesium. Dietary oil influenced the effect of marginal magnesium deficiency on magnesium metabolism, distribution and oxidative stress indicators. Fish oil, but not corn oil, significantly decreased urinary magnesium excretion and increased kidney magnesium concentration. Femur magnesium was significantly decreased by marginal magnesium deficiency in rats fed fish oil but not in rats fed corn oil, and liver magnesium concentration was decreased by fish oil. Marginal magnesium deficiency increased plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase and cysteine (component of glutathione) in rats fed corn oil but not in rats fed fish oil. Urinary prostaglandin E(2) excretion was significantly decreased by marginal magnesium deficiency at 8 weeks, but not at 12 weeks; an increase between weeks 8 and 12 in marginally magnesium-deficient rats fed fish oil caused this change in significance. The findings show that the dietary fatty acid composition affects the response of rats to marginal magnesium deprivation. The findings also indicate that dietary or physiological factors affecting oxidative stress could affect the response to marginal magnesium deficiency, and that a response to a dietary change that takes time to develop, such as an increase in dietary n-3 fatty acids, may result in signs of marginal deficiency being different over time. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N,Stop 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM forrest.nielsen@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 0953-1424 J9 MAGNESIUM RES JI Magnes. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 IS 4 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1684/mrh.2009.0188 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 536UZ UT WOS:000273070700008 PM 20228007 ER PT J AU Frylinck, L van Wyk, GL Smith, TPL Strydom, PE van Marie-Koster, E Webb, EC Koohmaraie, M Smith, MF AF Frylinck, L. van Wyk, G. L. Smith, T. P. L. Strydom, P. E. van Marie-Koester, E. Webb, E. C. Koohmaraie, M. Smith, M. F. TI Evaluation of biochemical parameters and genetic markers for association with meat tenderness in South African feedlot cattle SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beef crossbreds; Tenderness; Calpain proteolytic system; Genetic markers; Cold shortening/toughening ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; BOVINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; BEEF-CATTLE; BOS-INDICUS; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; BRAHMAN STEERS; QUALITY TRAITS; CARCASS TRAITS AB A large proportion of South African feedlot cattle are crossbreds of Brahman (BrX, Bos indicus). and Simmental (SiX. Bos taurus). A sample of 20 grain fed bulls from each of these crossbreeds Was used to compare meat quality with that of the small frame indigenous Nguni (NgX, Sanga) by evaluating a variety of biochemical and genetic parameters previously shown to be associated with meat tenderness. Shear force values were generally high (5.6 kg average at 14 days postmortem), with SiX animals higher than BrX or NgX (P = 0.051) despite higher calpastatin:calpain ratio in BrX (P < 0.05). Calpain activity and cold shortening were both correlated with tenderness for all classes. The sample size was too small to accurately estimate genotypic effects of previously published markers in the CAST and CAPN I genes, but the allele frequencies suggest that only modest progress Would be possible in these South African crossbreds using these markers. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Frylinck, L.; van Wyk, G. L.; Strydom, P. E.; Smith, M. F.] Agr Res Council S Africa, ZA-0062 Irene, South Africa. [van Marie-Koester, E.; Webb, E. C.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Smith, T. P. L.] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Koohmaraie, M.] IEH Labs & Consulting Grp, Lake Forest Pk, WA 98155 USA. RP Frylinck, L (reprint author), Agr Res Council S Africa, Private Bag X2, ZA-0062 Irene, South Africa. EM Lorinda@arc.agric.za RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013; Van Marle-Koster, Este/S-2197-2016 OI Van Marle-Koster, Este/0000-0002-3672-6976 FU Agricultural Research Council (ARC); Red Meat Research and Development Trust of South Africa; Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme of the Department of Trade and Industry, South Africa; US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to the following people and committees of institutions:; Mrs Hanlie Snyman and Mrs Jocelyn Anderson for their technical assistance in biochemistry and histology analyses.; Mr Klaas-Jan Leew, Mrs Karen van Rooyen and other feedlot and abattoir personnel for assistance in the rearing and slaughtering of experimental animals.; The Agricultural Research Council (ARC) for facilities and financial support.; The Red Meat Research and Development Trust of South Africa and the Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme of the Department of Trade and Industry, South Africa for the funding of this project.; The US Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) for facilities and funds for marker analyses and genotyping. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 EI 1873-4138 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.07.016 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 506JA UT WOS:000270769900011 PM 20416642 ER PT J AU King, DA Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Pfeiffer, KD Mehaffey, JM Miller, MF Nickelson, R Koohmaraie, M AF King, D. A. Shackelford, S. D. Wheeler, T. L. Pfeiffer, K. D. Mehaffey, J. M. Miller, M. F. Nickelson, R. Koohmaraie, M. TI Consumer acceptance and steak cutting yields of beef top sirloin and knuckle subprimals SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beef; Consumer acceptance; Gluteus medius; Rectus femoris; Vastus lateralis; Tenderness ID WARNER-BRATZLER SHEAR; USDA QUALITY GRADE; SARCOMERE-LENGTH; CUSTOMER SATISFACTION; TENDERNESS SURVEY; MUSCLES; PALATABILITY; LONGISSIMUS; COOKING; RATINGS AB Beef knuckles (n = 150) and center-cut top sirloin butts (n = 150) were used to determine portion-controlled steak cutting yields, palatability characteristics, and consumer acceptance of rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL). and gluteus medius (CM) steaks. Steak yields were higher (P < 0.05) for top sirloins than knuckles. Trained sensory panel ratings for overall tenderness, juiciness, and flavor were similar between RF and GM. Consumer panel ratings for tenderness and juiciness were higher (P < 0.05) for GM than RF; however, consumer perceptions of overall like and flavor were similar for GM and RF. Vastus lateralis received lower (P < 0.05) trained panel and consumer ratings for all traits than either RF or GM. Palatability of VL will need improvement to be a viable foodservice offering. Yet, these data suggest that RF would amply substitute for GM in foodservice settings, and that knuckle steak yields would be adequate for foodservice applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [King, D. A.; Shackelford, S. D.; Wheeler, T. L.; Koohmaraie, M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Pfeiffer, K. D.; Nickelson, R.] Stand Meat Co, Dallas, TX 75052 USA. [Mehaffey, J. M.; Miller, M. F.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP King, DA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM andy.king@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU The Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded, in part, by The Beef Checkoff. The authors are grateful to Jonathan Savell, Patty Beska, Peg Ekeren, Kathy Mihm, and Pat Tarnmen for their assistance in the execution of this experiment and to Marilyn Bierman for her secretarial assistance. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 4 BP 782 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.08.021 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 506JA UT WOS:000270769900029 PM 20416622 ER PT J AU Moore, GG Singh, R Horn, BW Carbone, I AF Moore, Geromy G. Singh, Rakhi Horn, Bruce W. Carbone, Ignazio TI Recombination and lineage-specific gene loss in the aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus flavus SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ancestral recombination graph; balancing selection; coalescent; linkage disequilibrium ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; COTTON BOLLS; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; STATISTICAL TESTS; VERSICOLORIN-A; DNA-SEQUENCES; UNITED-STATES; PARASITICUS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus are potent carcinogens that contaminate agricultural crops. Recent efforts to reduce aflatoxin concentrations in crops have focused on biological control using nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus strains AF36 (=NRRL 18543) and NRRL 21882 (the active component of afla-guard (R)). However, the evolutionary potential of these strains to remain nonaflatoxigenic in nature is unknown. To elucidate the underlying population processes that influence aflatoxigenicity, we examined patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) spanning 21 regions in the aflatoxin gene cluster of A. flavus. We show that recombination events are unevenly distributed across the cluster in A. flavus. Six distinct LD blocks separate late pathway genes aflE, aflM, aflN, aflG, aflL, aflI and aflO, and there is no discernable evidence of recombination among early pathway genes aflA, aflB, aflC, aflD, aflR and aflS. The discordance in phylogenies inferred for the aflW/aflX intergenic region and two noncluster regions, tryptophan synthase and acetamidase, is indicative of trans-species evolution in the cluster. Additionally, polymorphisms in aflW/aflX divide A. flavus strains into two distinct clades, each harbouring only one of the two approved biocontrol strains. The clade with AF36 includes both aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic strains, whereas the clade with NRRL 21882 comprises only nonaflatoxigenic strains and includes all strains of A. flavus missing the entire gene cluster or with partial gene clusters. Our detection of LD blocks in partial clusters indicates that recombination may have played an important role in cluster disassembly, and multilocus coalescent analyses of cluster and noncluster regions indicate lineage-specific gene loss in A. flavus. These results have important implications in assessing the stability of biocontrol strains in nature. C1 [Moore, Geromy G.; Singh, Rakhi; Carbone, Ignazio] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Horn, Bruce W.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. RP Carbone, I (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ignazio_carbone@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-34500-17032, 2008-34500-19396]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35319-16126] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions that helped us improve this manuscript. This work is funded by the North Carolina Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant Nos 2006-34500-17032, 2008-34500-19396, and by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant No. 2005-35319-16126 to I. C. NR 67 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 23 BP 4870 EP 4887 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04414.x PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 521EZ UT WOS:000271904400011 PM 19895419 ER PT J AU Hall, LA Palsboll, PJ Beissinger, SR Harvey, JT Berube, M Raphael, MG Nelson, SK Golightly, RT Mcfarlane-Tranquilla, L Newman, SH Peery, MZ AF Hall, Laurie A. Palsboll, Per J. Beissinger, Steven R. Harvey, James T. Berube, Martine Raphael, Martin G. Nelson, S. Kim Golightly, Richard T. Mcfarlane-Tranquilla, Laura Newman, Scott H. Peery, M. Zachariah TI Characterizing dispersal patterns in a threatened seabird with limited genetic structure SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age-biased dispersal; assignment methods; Brachyramphus marmoratus; marbled murrelet; microsatellites; migrants; sex-biased dispersal ID MURRELET BRACHYRAMPHUS-MARMORATUS; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; SOURCE-SINK DYNAMICS; MARBLED MURRELET; CATHARACTA-MACCORMICKI; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; SIMULATION; CONSERVATION AB Genetic assignment methods provide an appealing approach for characterizing dispersal patterns on ecological time scales, but require sufficient genetic differentiation to accurately identify migrants and a large enough sample size of migrants to, for example, compare dispersal between sexes or age classes. We demonstrate that assignment methods can be rigorously used to characterize dispersal patterns in a marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) population from central California that numbers approximately 600 individuals and is only moderately differentiated (F-ST similar to 0.03) from larger populations to the north. We used coalescent simulations to select a significance level that resulted in a low and approximately equal expected number of type I and II errors and then used this significance level to identify a population of origin for 589 individuals genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. The proportion of migrants in central California was greatest during winter when 83% of individuals were classified as migrants compared to lower proportions during the breeding (6%) and post-breeding (8%) seasons. Dispersal was also biased toward young and female individuals, as is typical in birds. Migrants were rarely members of parent-offspring pairs, suggesting that they contributed few young to the central California population. A greater number of migrants than expected under equilibrium conditions, a lack of individuals with mixed ancestry, and a small number of potential source populations (two), likely allowed us to use assignment methods to rigorously characterize dispersal patterns for a population that was larger and less differentiated than typically thought required for the identification of migrants. C1 [Peery, M. Zachariah] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 1630, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hall, Laurie A.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Palsboll, Per J.; Berube, Martine] Stockholm Univ, Dept Genet Microbiol & Toxicol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Beissinger, Steven R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Raphael, Martin G.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Nelson, S. Kim] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Golightly, Richard T.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Wildlife, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Mcfarlane-Tranquilla, Laura] Simon Fraser Univ, Ctr Wildlife Ecol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Newman, Scott H.] Food & Agr Org United Nations, EMPRES Wildlife Unit, Infect Dis Grp, I-00153 Rome, Italy. RP Peery, MZ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 1630, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mpeery@wisc.edu RI Beissinger, Steven/F-3809-2012; Palsboll, Per /G-6988-2011 OI Palsboll, Per /0000-0002-4198-7599 FU Humboldt Redwood Company; U. C. Berkeley; U. S. Forest Service; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; California Department of Fish and Game; Simon Fraser University; Big Creek Lumber Company; Alaska Department of Fish and Game FX Support for genetic analyses was provided by the Humboldt Redwood Company. Sample collection and demographic work was supported by the U. C. Berkeley, U. S. Forest Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, California Department of Fish and Game, Simon Fraser University, Big Creek Lumber Company, and Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank Lydia Smith, Craig Moritz, and Jon Geller for providing laboratory space and technical assistance and the numerous field personnel who contributed to sample collection and survey work. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 18 IS 24 BP 5074 EP 5085 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04416.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 528NN UT WOS:000272452700010 PM 19912540 ER PT J AU Kim, S Miska, KB McElroy, AP Jenkins, MC Fetterer, RH Cox, CM Stuard, LH Dalloul, RA AF Kim, Sungwon Miska, Kate B. McElroy, Audrey P. Jenkins, Mark C. Fetterer, Ray H. Cox, Chasity M. Stuard, Lindsay H. Dalloul, Rami A. TI Molecular cloning and functional characterization of avian interleukin-19 SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian immunity; IL-19; IL-10; Th2; Inflammation; Chicken ID IL-19; CYTOKINES; APOPTOSIS; SUBFAMILY; INDUCTION; IL-20 AB The present study describes the cloning and functional characterization of avian interleukin (IL)-19, a cytokine that, in mammals, alters the balance of Th1 and Th2 cells in favor of the Th2 phenotype. The full-length avian IL-19 gene, located on chromosome 26, was amplified from LPS-stimulated chicken monocytes, and cloned into both prokaryotic (pET28a) and eukaryotic (pcDNA3.1) expression vectors. The confirmed avian IL-19 amino acid sequence has 66.5% homology with human and murine IL-19, with a predicted protein sequence of 176 amino acids. Analysis of avian IL-19 amino acid sequence showed six conserved, structurally relevant, cysteine residues as found in mammals, but only one N-glycosylation residue. The recombinant IL-19 (rChIL-19) expressed in the prokaryotic system was purified by Ni(+)-resin column followed by endotoxin removal. Using purified avian rChIL-19, expression of Th2 cytokines was measured in splenocytes using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In the presence of rChIL-19, expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13, as well as IL-10, were significantly increased after 6- and 12 h treatments. This was confirmed by treating splenocytes with supernatants from IL-19 transfected cells. Also, avian monocytes incubated with rChIL-19 displayed increased expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-19. This study represents the first report for the cloning, expression, and functional characterization of avian IL-19. Taken together, avian IL-19 function seems to be conserved and similar to that of mammals and may play an important role in responses to intracellular poultry pathogens like bacteria and protozoa. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Sungwon; McElroy, Audrey P.; Cox, Chasity M.; Stuard, Lindsay H.; Dalloul, Rami A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Miska, Kate B.; Jenkins, Mark C.; Fetterer, Ray H.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dalloul, RA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM RDalloul@vt.edu OI Dalloul, Rami/0000-0003-4690-9220 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 476 EP 484 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.027 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 537HK UT WOS:000273103700038 PM 19767108 ER PT J AU Proctor, RH McCormick, SP Alexander, NJ Desjardins, AE AF Proctor, Robert H. McCormick, Susan P. Alexander, Nancy J. Desjardins, Anne E. TI Evidence that a secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene cluster has grown by gene relocation during evolution of the filamentous fungus Fusarium SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; TRICHOTHECENE 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; ANCESTRAL POLYMORPHISM; GRAMINEARUM; SPOROTRICHIOIDES; DIVERSITY; VERTICILLIOIDES; SEQUENCES; TRI101 AB P>Trichothecenes are terpene-derived secondary metabolites produced by multiple genera of filamentous fungi, including many plant pathogenic species of Fusarium. These metabolites are of interest because they are toxic to animals and plants and can contribute to pathogenesis of Fusarium on some crop species. Fusarium graminearum and F. sporotrichioides have trichothecene biosynthetic genes (TRI) at three loci: a 12-gene TRI cluster and two smaller TRI loci that consist of one or two genes. Here, comparisons of additional Fusarium species have provided evidence that TRI loci have a complex evolutionary history that has included loss, non-functionalization and rearrangement of genes as well as trans-species polymorphism. The results also indicate that the TRI cluster has expanded in some species by relocation of two genes into it from the smaller loci. Thus, evolutionary forces have driven consolidation of TRI genes into fewer loci in some fusaria but have maintained three distinct TRI loci in others. C1 [Proctor, Robert H.; McCormick, Susan P.; Alexander, Nancy J.; Desjardins, Anne E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Proctor, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. EM robert.proctor@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1128 EP 1142 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06927.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 524GG UT WOS:000272131200008 PM 19843228 ER PT J AU Fujimoto, DF Higginbotham, RH Sterba, KM Maleki, SJ Segall, AM Smeltzer, MS Hurlburt, BK AF Fujimoto, David F. Higginbotham, Robin H. Sterba, Kristen M. Maleki, Soheila J. Segall, Anca M. Smeltzer, Mark S. Hurlburt, Barry K. TI Staphylococcus aureus SarA is a regulatory protein responsive to redox and pH that can support bacteriophage lambda integrase-mediated excision/recombination SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; VIRULENCE DETERMINANT PRODUCTION; GENE REGULATOR; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING-SITES; UNITED-STATES; IHF PROTEIN; AGR; EXPRESSION AB P>Staphylococcus aureus produces a wide array of virulence factors and causes a correspondingly diverse array of infections. Production of these virulence factors is under the control of a complex network of global regulatory elements, one of which is sarA. sarA encodes a DNA binding protein that is considered to function as a transcription factor capable of acting as either a repressor or an activator. Using competitive ELISA assays, we demonstrate that SarA is present at approximately 50 000 copies per cell, which is not characteristic of classical transcription factors. We also demonstrate that SarA is present at all stages of growth in vitro and is capable of binding DNA with high affinity but that its binding affinity and pattern of shifted complexes in electrophoretic mobility shift assays is responsive to the redox state. We also show that SarA binds to the bacteriophage lambda (lambda) attachment site, attL, producing SarA-DNA complexes similar to intasomes, which consist of bacteriophage lambda integrase, Escherichia coli integration host factor and attL DNA. In addition, SarA stimulates intramolecular excision recombination in the absence of lambda excisionase, a DNA binding accessory protein. Taken together, these data suggest that SarA may function as an architectural accessory protein. C1 [Higginbotham, Robin H.; Maleki, Soheila J.; Hurlburt, Barry K.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Fujimoto, David F.; Segall, Anca M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Smeltzer, Mark S.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. [Sterba, Kristen M.; Hurlburt, Barry K.] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Hurlburt, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM barry.hurlburt@ars.usda.gov FU US Public Health Service [AI45041, AI43356, GM65685]; American Heart Association FX We are indebted to Mark Hart, Jane McBride, Paul Dunman and John Helmann for critical reading of the manuscript. The work was supported by grants from the US Public Health Service (AI45041 to B.K.H., AI43356 to M.S.S., GM65685 to D.F.F. and GM52847 to A.M.S.), and the American Heart Association (K.M.S.). NR 60 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1445 EP 1458 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06942.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 531IZ UT WOS:000272659700014 PM 19919677 ER PT J AU Ankala, A Luthe, DS Williams, WP Wilkinson, JR AF Ankala, A. Luthe, D. S. Williams, W. P. Wilkinson, J. R. TI Integration of Ethylene and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathways in the Expression of Maize Defense Protein Mir1-CP SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED GENE-EXPRESSION; WOUND-RESPONSE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE; METHYL JASMONATE; FALL ARMYWORM; PLANT DEFENSE; PATHOGEN INFECTION; PERITROPHIC MATRIX; INSECT HERBIVORES AB In plants, ethylene and jasmonate control the defense responses to multiple stressors, including insect predation. Among the defense proteins known to be regulated by ethylene is maize insect resistance 1-cysteine protease (Mir1-CP). This protein is constitutively expressed in the insect-resistant maize (Zea mays) genotype Mp708; however, its abundance significantly increases during fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory. Within 1 h of herbivory by fall armyworm, Mir1-CP accumulates at the feeding site and continues to increase in abundance until 24 h without any increase in its transcript (mir1) levels. To resolve this discrepancy and elucidate the role of ethylene and jasmonate in the signaling of Mir1-CP expression, the effects of phytohormone biosynthesis and perception inhibitors on Mir1-CP expression were tested. Immunoblot analysis of Mir1-CP accumulation and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction examination of mir1 levels in these treated plants demonstrate that Mir1-CP accumulation is regulated by both transcript abundance and protein expression levels. The results also suggest that jasmonate functions upstream of ethylene in the Mir1-CP expression pathway, allowing for both low-level constitutive expression and a two-stage defensive response, an immediate response involving Mir1-CP accumulation and a delayed response inducing mir1 transcript expression. C1 [Luthe, D. S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ankala, A.; Wilkinson, J. R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Williams, W. P.] Mississippi State Univ, ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Luthe, DS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dsl14@psu.edu RI Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011 OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916 FU USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit [SCA 58-6406-6-039]; National Science Foundation [IOS-0641219] FX We thank S. Wolfe for providing FAW larvae, E. Martin for her diligence in maintaining the FAW, E. Bassford for her assistance in immunoblot analysis, and R. Shivaji for her assistance in RNA preparation and qRT-PCR analysis. This research is funded through specific cooperative agreement with the USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit (SCA 58-6406-6-039) to J. R. Wilkinson and the National Science Foundation Award IOS-0641219 to D. S. Luthe and is published as journal article no. J-11487 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 EI 1943-7706 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1555 EP 1564 DI 10.1094/MPMI-22-12-1555 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 515XK UT WOS:000271506000009 PM 19888821 ER PT J AU Bailey, BA Strem, MD Wood, D AF Bailey, Bryan A. Strem, Mary D. Wood, Delilah TI Trichoderma species form endophytic associations within Theobroma cacao trichomes SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fungal endophyte; Theobroma cacao; Trichoderma; Trichome ID GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; PEST RESISTANCE; SP NOV.; COLONIZATION; PATHOGEN; HAIRS AB Trichoderma species are usually considered soil organisms that colonize plant roots, sometimes forming a symbiotic relationship. Recent studies demonstrate that Trichoderma species are also capable of colonizing the above ground tissues of Theobroma cacao (cacao) in what has been characterized as an endophytic relationship. Trichoderma species can be re-isolated from surface sterilized cacao stem tissue, including the bark and xylem, the apical meristem, and to a lesser degree from leaves. SEM analysis of cacao stems colonized by strains of four Trichoderma species (Trichoderma ovalisporum-DIS 70a, Trichoderma hamatum-DIS 219b, Trichoderma koningiopsis-DIS 172ai, or Trichoderma harzianum-DIS 2190 showed a preference for surface colonization of glandular trichomes versus non-glandular trichomes. The Trichoderma strains colonized the glandular trichome tips and formed swellings resembling appresoria. Hyphae were observed emerging from the glandular trichomes on surface sterilized stems from cacao seedlings that had been inoculated with each of the four Trichoderma strains. Fungal hyphae were observed under the microscope emerging from the trichomes as soon as 6 h after their isolation from surface sterilized cacao seedling stems. Hyphae were also observed, in some cases, emerging from stalk cells opposite the trichome head. Repeated single trichome/hyphae isolations verified that the emerging hyphae were the Trichoderma strains with which the cacao seedlings had been inoculated. Strains of four Trichoderma species were able to enter glandular trichomes during the colonization of cacao stems where they survived surface sterilization and could be re-isolated. The penetration of cacao trichomes may provide the entry point for Trichoderma species into the cacao stem allowing systemic colonization of this tissue. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Bailey, Bryan A.; Strem, Mary D.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Wood, Delilah] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bailey, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bryan.bailey@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 113 BP 1365 EP 1376 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.09.004 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 539FO UT WOS:000273239300003 PM 19765658 ER PT J AU Crouch, JA Beirn, LA Cortese, LM Bonos, SA Clarke, BB AF Crouch, Jo Anne Beirn, Lisa A. Cortese, Laura M. Bonos, Stacy A. Clarke, Bruce B. TI Anthracnose disease of switchgrass caused by the novel fungal species Colletotrichum navitas SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy feedstocks; Biofuels; Colletotrichum caudatum; Native grass; Nigrospora sphaerica; Panicum virgatum; Perennial monocultures; Plant pathogen; Tallgrass prairie ID PUCCINIA-EMACULATA; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; 1ST REPORT; GRAMINICOLA; INFECTION; COLONIZATION; SUBLINEOLUM; SYMBIOSIS; CEREALE; GRASSES AB In recent years perennial grasses such as the native tallgrass prairie plant Panicum Virgatum (switchgrass) have taken on a new role in the North American landscape as a plant-based source of renewable energy. Because switchgrass is a native plant, it has been suggested that disease problems will be minimal, but little research in this area has been conducted. Recently, outbreaks of switchgrass anthracnose disease have been reported from the northeastern United States. Incidences of switchgrass anthracnose are known in North America since 1886 through herbarium specimens and disease reports, but the causal agent of this disease has never been experimentally determined or taxonomically evaluated. in the present work, we evaluate the causal agent of switchgrass anthracnose, a new species we describe as Colletotrichum navitas (navitas = Latin for energy). Multilocus molecular phylogenetics and morphological characters show C. navitas is a novel species in the falcate-spored graminicolous group of the genus Colletotrichum; it is most closely related to the corn anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. We present a formal description and illustrations for C. navitas and provide experimental confirmation that this organism is responsible for switchgrass anthracnose disease. (C) 2009 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Crouch, Jo Anne; Beirn, Lisa A.; Cortese, Laura M.; Bonos, Stacy A.; Clarke, Bruce B.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Crouch, JA (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM joanne.crouch@ars.usda.gov RI Crouch, Jo Anne/F-4322-2012; OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 113 BP 1411 EP 1421 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.09.010 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 539FO UT WOS:000273239300008 PM 19800001 ER PT J AU Wicklow, DT Jordan, AM Gloer, JB AF Wicklow, Donald T. Jordan, Annalisa M. Gloer, James B. TI Antifungal metabolites (monorden, monocillins I, II, III) from Colletotrichum graminicola, a systemic vascular pathogen of maize SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anthracnose; Biotrophy; Hsp90 inhibitor; Necrosis; Radicicol ID CYLINDROCARPON RADICICOLA WR; ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; DISEASE RESISTANCE; HSP90 INHIBITORS; ROOT-ROT; FUNGI; ACID; COLONIZATION; INFECTION AB Colletotrichum graminicola is a systemic vascular pathogen that causes anthracnose stalk rot and leaf blight of maize. In the course of an effort to explore the potential presence and roles of C. graminicola metabolites in maize, ethyl acetate extracts of solid substrate fermentations of several C. graminicola isolates from Michigan and Illinois were found to be active against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides, both mycotoxin-producing seed-infecting fungal pathogens. Chemical investigations of the extract of one such isolate (NRRL 47511) led to the isolation of known metabolites monorden (also known as radicicol) and monocillins I-III as major components. Monorden and monocillin I displayed in vitro activity against the stalk- and ear-rot pathogen Stenocarpella maydis while only the most abundant metabolite (monorden) showed activity against foliar pathogens Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris zeicola, and Curvularia lunata. Using LC-HRESITOFMS, monorden was detected in steam-sterilized maize stalks and stalk residues inoculated with C. graminicola but not in the necrotic stalk tissues of wound-inoculated plants grown in an environmental chamber. Monorden and monocillin I can bind and inhibit plant Hsp90, a chaperone of R-proteins. It is hypothesized that monorden and monocillins could support the C. graminicola disease cycle by disrupting maize plant defenses and by excluding other fungi from necrotic tissues and crop residues. This is the first report of natural products from C. graminicola, as well as the production of monorden and monocillins by a pathogen of cereals. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Wicklow, Donald T.] ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Jordan, Annalisa M.; Gloer, James B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Wicklow, DT (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM donald.wicklow@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [071831S] FX We thank Jacob Brown and Richard Kemper for their capable laboratory assistance and Dr Todd A. Naumann for helpful discussions. Support for this work from the National Science Foundation (CHE 071831S) is gratefully acknowledged. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture or the National Science Foundation. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 113 BP 1433 EP 1442 DI 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.10.001 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 539FO UT WOS:000273239300010 PM 19825415 ER PT J AU Schelhas, J AF Schelhas, John TI The Equitable Forest: Diversity, Community, and Resource Management. SO NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 [Schelhas, John] Tuskegee Univ, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. RP Schelhas, J (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, So Res Stn, US Forest Serv, USDA, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV NEW MEXICO PI ALBUQUERQUE PA SCH LAW, MSC 11-6070, 1 UNIVERSITY NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87131-0001 USA SN 0028-0739 J9 NAT RESOUR J JI Nat. Resour. J. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 313 EP 316 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Law SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Government & Law GA 581UT UT WOS:000276551000009 ER PT J AU Huang, SW Li, RQ Zhang, ZH Li, L Gu, XF Fan, W Lucas, WJ Wang, XW Xie, BY Ni, PX Ren, YY Zhu, HM Li, J Lin, K Jin, WW Fei, ZJ Li, GC Staub, J Kilian, A van der Vossen, EAG Wu, Y Guo, J He, J Jia, ZQ Ren, Y Tian, G Lu, Y Ruan, J Qian, WB Wang, MW Huang, QF Li, B Xuan, ZL Cao, JJ Asan Wu, ZG Zhang, JB Cai, QL Bai, YQ Zhao, BW Han, YH Li, Y Li, XF Wang, SH Shi, QX Liu, SQ Cho, WK Kim, JY Xu, Y Heller-Uszynska, K Miao, H Cheng, ZC Zhang, SP Wu, J Yang, YH Kang, HX Li, M Liang, HQ Ren, XL Shi, ZB Wen, M Jian, M Yang, HL Zhang, GJ Yang, ZT Chen, R Liu, SF Li, JW Ma, LJ Liu, H Zhou, Y Zhao, J Fang, XD Li, GQ Fang, L Li, YR Liu, DY Zheng, HK Zhang, Y Qin, N Li, Z Yang, GH Yang, S Bolund, L Kristiansen, K Zheng, HC Li, SC Zhang, XQ Yang, HM Wang, J Sun, RF Zhang, BX Jiang, SZ Wang, J Du, YC Li, SG AF Huang, Sanwen Li, Ruiqiang Zhang, Zhonghua Li, Li Gu, Xingfang Fan, Wei Lucas, William J. Wang, Xiaowu Xie, Bingyan Ni, Peixiang Ren, Yuanyuan Zhu, Hongmei Li, Jun Lin, Kui Jin, Weiwei Fei, Zhangjun Li, Guangcun Staub, Jack Kilian, Andrzej van der Vossen, Edwin A. G. Wu, Yang Guo, Jie He, Jun Jia, Zhiqi Ren, Yi Tian, Geng Lu, Yao Ruan, Jue Qian, Wubin Wang, Mingwei Huang, Quanfei Li, Bo Xuan, Zhaoling Cao, Jianjun Asan Wu, Zhigang Zhang, Juanbin Cai, Qingle Bai, Yinqi Zhao, Bowen Han, Yonghua Li, Ying Li, Xuefeng Wang, Shenhao Shi, Qiuxiang Liu, Shiqiang Cho, Won Kyong Kim, Jae-Yean Xu, Yong Heller-Uszynska, Katarzyna Miao, Han Cheng, Zhouchao Zhang, Shengping Wu, Jian Yang, Yuhong Kang, Houxiang Li, Man Liang, Huiqing Ren, Xiaoli Shi, Zhongbin Wen, Ming Jian, Min Yang, Hailong Zhang, Guojie Yang, Zhentao Chen, Rui Liu, Shifang Li, Jianwen Ma, Lijia Liu, Hui Zhou, Yan Zhao, Jing Fang, Xiaodong Li, Guoqing Fang, Lin Li, Yingrui Liu, Dongyuan Zheng, Hongkun Zhang, Yong Qin, Nan Li, Zhuo Yang, Guohua Yang, Shuang Bolund, Lars Kristiansen, Karsten Zheng, Hancheng Li, Shaochuan Zhang, Xiuqing Yang, Huanming Wang, Jian Sun, Rifei Zhang, Baoxi Jiang, Shuzhi Wang, Jun Du, Yongchen Li, Songgang TI The genome of the cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RICE GENOME; ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE; SEQUENCE; RESISTANCE; PLANTS; PHLOEM; EXPRESSION; DIVERSITY AB Cucumber is an economically important crop as well as a model system for sex determination studies and plant vascular biology. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Cucumis sativus var. sativus L., assembled using a novel combination of traditional Sanger and next-generation Illumina GA sequencing technologies to obtain 72.2-fold genome coverage. The absence of recent whole-genome duplication, along with the presence of few tandem duplications, explains the small number of genes in the cucumber. Our study establishes that five of the cucumber's seven chromosomes arose from fusions of ten ancestral chromosomes after divergence from Cucumis melo. The sequenced cucumber genome affords insight into traits such as its sex expression, disease resistance, biosynthesis of cucurbitacin and 'fresh green' odor. We also identify 686 gene clusters related to phloem function. The cucumber genome provides a valuable resource for developing elite cultivars and for studying the evolution and function of the plant vascular system. C1 [Huang, Sanwen; Zhang, Zhonghua; Gu, Xingfang; Wang, Xiaowu; Xie, Bingyan; He, Jun; Jia, Zhiqi; Ren, Yi; Li, Ying; Li, Xuefeng; Wang, Shenhao; Shi, Qiuxiang; Liu, Shiqiang; Miao, Han; Cheng, Zhouchao; Zhang, Shengping; Wu, Jian; Yang, Yuhong; Kang, Houxiang; Li, Man; Sun, Rifei; Zhang, Baoxi; Jiang, Shuzhi; Du, Yongchen] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Sino Dutch Joint Lab Hort Genom Technol, Minist Agr,Key Lab Hort Crops Genet Improvement, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Ruiqiang; Li, Li; Fan, Wei; Ni, Peixiang; Ren, Yuanyuan; Zhu, Hongmei; Li, Jun; Tian, Geng; Lu, Yao; Ruan, Jue; Qian, Wubin; Wang, Mingwei; Huang, Quanfei; Li, Bo; Xuan, Zhaoling; Cao, Jianjun; Asan; Wu, Zhigang; Zhang, Juanbin; Cai, Qingle; Bai, Yinqi; Liang, Huiqing; Ren, Xiaoli; Shi, Zhongbin; Wen, Ming; Jian, Min; Yang, Hailong; Zhang, Guojie; Yang, Zhentao; Chen, Rui; Liu, Shifang; Li, Jianwen; Ma, Lijia; Liu, Hui; Zhou, Yan; Zhao, Jing; Fang, Xiaodong; Li, Guoqing; Fang, Lin; Li, Yingrui; Liu, Dongyuan; Zheng, Hongkun; Zhang, Yong; Qin, Nan; Li, Zhuo; Yang, Guohua; Yang, Shuang; Bolund, Lars; Zheng, Hancheng; Li, Shaochuan; Zhang, Xiuqing; Yang, Huanming; Wang, Jian; Wang, Jun; Li, Songgang] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Li, Ruiqiang; Zheng, Hongkun] Univ So Denmark, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Odense, Denmark. [Lucas, William J.] Univ Calif Davis, Coll Biol Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lin, Kui; Wu, Yang; Guo, Jie] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jin, Weiwei; Han, Yonghua] China Agr Univ, Beijing Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement & Genome, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr China,Minist Agr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. [Li, Guangcun] Shandong Acad Agr Sci, High Tech Res Ctr, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Staub, Jack] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kilian, Andrzej; Heller-Uszynska, Katarzyna] Divers Arrays Technol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [van der Vossen, Edwin A. G.] Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ruan, Jue; Zhang, Guojie; Ma, Lijia; Li, Yingrui] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Bowen] Renmin Univ China, High Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cho, Won Kyong; Kim, Jae-Yean] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Div Appl Life Sci, BK21 & WCU Program, PMBBRC, Jinju, South Korea. [Cho, Won Kyong; Kim, Jae-Yean] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, EB NCRC, Jinju, South Korea. [Xu, Yong] Natl Engn Res Ctr Vegetables, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Bolund, Lars] Univ Aarhus, Inst Human Genet, Aarhus, Denmark. [Kristiansen, Karsten; Wang, Jun] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Zheng, Hancheng; Li, Shaochuan] S China Univ Technol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Du, YC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Sino Dutch Joint Lab Hort Genom Technol, Minist Agr,Key Lab Hort Crops Genet Improvement, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM huangsanwen@caas.net.cn; wangj@genomics.org.cn; yongchen.du@mail.caas.net.cn; lisg@genomics.org.cn RI Cho, Won Kyong/I-5098-2012; Zhang, Guojie/B-6188-2014; Li, Yingrui/K-1064-2015; Lin, Kui/P-4492-2015; Kristiansen, Karsten/J-5148-2014; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016 OI Zhang, Guojie/0000-0001-6860-1521; Lin, Kui/0000-0002-5993-1972; Kristiansen, Karsten/0000-0002-6024-0917; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Huang, Sanwen/0000-0002-8547-5309; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874 FU Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (948 program); Ministry of Science and Technology [2006DFA32140, 2007CB815701, 2007CB815703, 2007CB815705]; Ministry of Finance [1251610601001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871707, 30725008]; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Chinese Academy of Science [GJHZ0701-6, KSCX2-YWN-023]; US Department of Agriculture; National Research Initiative [2006-35304-17346]; National Science Foundation [IOS-07-15513]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation-Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [WCU R33-10002, BK21]; Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center [R15-2003-012-01003-0]; National Research Laboratory [2009-0066339]; Shenzhen Municipal and Yantian District Governments; Society of Entrepreneurs Ecology FX We thank L. Goodman for assistance in editing the manuscript and R. Quatrano, L. Kochian, L. Comai, V. Sundaresan, S. Kamoun and S. Renner for critical readings of the manuscript. This work was funded by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (948 program), Ministry of Science and Technology (2006DFA32140, 2007CB815701, 2007CB815703 and 2007CB815705) and Ministry of Finance (1251610601001); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871707 and 30725008); the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (seed grant to S. H.); the Chinese Academy of Science (GJHZ0701-6 and KSCX2-YWN-023); the US Department of Agriculture (National Research Initiative grant 2006-35304-17346 to W. J. L.); the National Science Foundation (grant IOS-07-15513 to W. J. L.); and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation-Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (WCU R33-10002 and BK21 grants to J.-Y.K.). WKC was partly supported by grants from the Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center (R15-2003-012-01003-0) and National Research Laboratory (2009-0066339). This work was also supported by the Shenzhen Municipal and Yantian District Governments and the Society of Entrepreneurs & Ecology. D. Qu and Z. Fang of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences provided management support for this work. NR 78 TC 534 Z9 638 U1 32 U2 212 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1275 EP U29 DI 10.1038/ng.475 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 524LN UT WOS:000272144900007 PM 19881527 ER PT J AU Noel, GR Wax, LM AF Noel, G. R. Wax, L. M. TI HETERODERA GLYCINES POPULATION DEVELOPMENT ON SOYBEAN TREATED WITH GLYPHOSATE SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; glyphosate; Heterodera glycines; soybean; soybean cyst nematode ID SUDDEN-DEATH-SYNDROME; HERBICIDES AB Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) is a major yield limiting pest in all major soybean producing countries. In the last decade genetically modified soybean tolerant to glyphosate has become widely planted and postemergence application of glyphosate has increased exponentially. Genetically modified crops may affect nontarget microorganisms, either directly or indirectly as in the case of glyphosate application to tolerant crops. Glyphosate translocates to soybean roots where it might affect metabolic sinks such as syncytia produced by Heterodera glycines. In 2002-2004 glyphosate tolerant soybean DSR 320 susceptible to H. glycines and DSR 327 resistant to H. glycines were grown in three different fields and either sprayed with glyphosate at the recommended rate and time of application or not sprayed. Nematode reproduction and soybean yield were determined. In all three years, Pf and Pf/Pi were significantly greater on DSR 320 when compared with DSR 327. In 2004, when Pi exceeded the damage threshold, there was a cultivar x glyphosate interaction for Pf on DSR 320 with greater numbers of eggs recovered from glyphosate treated DSR 320. In 2002 and 2003 Pi was below the damage threshold and no differences in yield occurred between the resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, in 2003 a significant cultivar x glyphosate interaction was observed for yield of DSR 320. In 2004 a significant difference in yield between DSR 320 and DSR 327 was observed. Glyphosate application affected Pf of H. glycines eggs in 2004, the only year Pi exceeded the damage threshold. However, the increase Pf did not translate into crop loss. C1 [Noel, G. R.; Wax, L. M.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Noel, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM g-noel1@illinois.edu FU Illinois Soybean Checkoff; Illinois Soybean Association FX The authors thank S. Bauer and D. Maxwell for technical assistance. This research was supported in part by the grant "Soybean Cyst Nematode Managed Research Area" funded by the Illinois Soybean Checkoff and the Illinois Soybean Association. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 555AG UT WOS:000274478300007 ER PT J AU Stanley, JD Brito, JA Kokalis-Burelle, N Frank, JH Dickson, DW AF Stanley, J. D. Brito, J. A. Kokalis-Burelle, N. Frank, J. H. Dickson, D. W. TI BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF FOUR FLORIDA ISOLATES OF MELOIDOGYNE FLORIDENSIS SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE host suitability; intraspecific variability; enzymatic profile; Meloidogyne floridensis; morphometrics; root-knot nematode ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; N-SP NEMATODA; ENZYME PHENOTYPES; RESISTANCE; IDENTIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; KONAENSIS; PEACH AB A study was conducted to characterize the morphology, enzymatic profile, and host preference of four isolates of the peach root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne floridensis. No morphological or biochemical differences were observed among the four isolates. Each isolate showed some mean variability in morphometrics values, but overlapped in their range values (P > 0.05). In total, 1,027 females extracted from peach, pepper, tobacco, and tomato did not differ in their isozyme phenotype for esterase and malate dehydrogenase, and matched those reported in the original description. In host differential tests all four isolates of M. floridensis exhibited the same reaction as that of M. incognita race 2, with pepper, tobacco, tomato and watermelon being susceptible, and cotton and peanut, resistant. In comparative host status studies, both root-knot nematode resistant and susceptible peach cultivars were susceptible to all four isolates. Both resistant and susceptible cultivars of corn, pepper, soybean, and tomato were evaluated. All four isolates of M. floridensis reproduced poorly, but were able to overcome the resistance of the Mi-1 gene in tomato cv. Crista. Two isolates reproduced poorly, but were not affected by the N gene resistance in the pepper cv. Charleston Belle, whereas two isolates reproduced well on this cultivar. Both the root-knot nematode resistant corn cv. Mp 710 and susceptible cv. Dixie 18 were susceptible to all four isolates; whereas, both the resistant soybean cv. Forrest and susceptible cv. S64-J1 were immune to all four isolates of M. floridensis. C1 [Stanley, J. D.; Brito, J. A.] Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Nematol Sect, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. [Kokalis-Burelle, N.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Frank, J. H.; Dickson, D. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Stanley, JD (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Nematol Sect, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. EM stanlej@doacs.state.fl.us NR 31 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 8 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 255 EP 271 PG 17 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 555AG UT WOS:000274478300008 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP AF Nyczepir, A. P. TI DYNAMICS OF CONCOMITANT POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS VULNUS AND MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA ON PEACH SO NEMATROPICA LA English DT Article DE Interaction; Meloidogyne incognita; microplot; pathogenicity; peach; population dynamics; Pratylenchus vulnus; Prunus persica; root-knot nematode; root-lesion nematode AB The effect of the interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Pratylenchus vulnus on nematode reproduction and vegetative growth of Lovell peach was studied in field microplots. Pratylenchus vulnus suppressed the population density of M. incognita second-stage juveniles, whereas the presence of M. incognita did not affect the population density of P. vulnus in soil. Above-ground tree growth, as measured by trunk diameter 12 and 24 months following inoculation, was reduced in the presence of M. incognita. Differences in root growth as related to nematode treatment were detected 26 months after inoculation. Root growth was reduced in the presence of the two nematode species together than P. vulnus alone, but not when compared to M. incognita alone. There was a greater negative impact on vegetative growth of peach seedlings growing in M. incognita-infested soil than in P. vulnus-infested soil. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM andy.nyczepir@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ORGANIZATION TROP AMER NEMATOLOGISTS PI AUBURN PA AUBURN UNIV DEPT PLANT PATHOLOGY, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA SN 0099-5444 J9 NEMATROPICA JI Nematropica PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 273 EP 279 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 555AG UT WOS:000274478300009 ER PT J AU Flerchinger, GN Xiao, W Sauer, TJ Yu, Q AF Flerchinger, G. N. Xiao, W. Sauer, T. J. Yu, Q. TI Simulation of within-canopy radiation exchange SO NJAS-WAGENINGEN JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Maize canopy; Soya bean canopy; Wheat canopy; Diffuse radiation; Ellipsoidal leaf angle distribution; Long-wave radiation; Short-wave radiation; Surface energy balance ID SHAW MODEL; SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; ENERGY-BALANCE; PLANT CANOPY; MAIZE CANOPY; WATER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ARCHITECTURE; SURFACE; TRANSPIRATION AB Radiation exchange at the surface plays a critical role in the sui face energy balance, plant microclimate, and plant growth. The ability to simulate the surface energy balance and the microclimate within the plant canopy is contingent upon simulation of the surface radiation exchange. A validation and modification exercise of the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model was conducted for simulating the sui face short-wave and long-wave radiation exchange over and within wheat, maize and soya bean plant canopies using data collected at Yucheng in the North China Plain and neat Ames. Iowa Whereas model testing was limited to monocultures and mixed canopies of green and senesced leaves, methodologies were developed for simulating short-wave and long-wave radiation fluxes applicable to a multi-species, multi-layer plant canopy Although the original SHAW model slightly under predicted reflected solar radiation with a mean bias en or (MBE) of -5 to -10 W m(-2), one would conclude that the simulations were quite reasonable if within-canopy measurements were not available However, within-canopy short-wave radiation was considerably under estimated (MBE of approximately -20 W m(-2)) by the original SHAW model Additionally, leaf temperatures tended to be overpredicted (MBE = +0 76 degrees C) near the top of the canopy and underpredicted near the bottom (MBE = -1 12 degrees C) Modification to the SHAW model reduced MBE of above canopy reflected radiation to -1 to -6 W m(-2) and within-canopy radiation simulations to approximately -6 W m(-2). bias in leaf temperature was reduced to less than 0 4 degrees C Model modifications resulted in essentially no change in simulated evapotranspiration lot wheat. 4.5% lower for maize and 1% higher for soya bean Alternative approaches for simulating canopy transmissivity to diffuse radiation were tested in the modified version and had a minor influence on simulated short-wave radiation, but made almost no difference in simulated long-wave radiation or evapotranspiration Modifications to the model should lead to more accurate plant microclimate simulation, further work is needed to evaluate their influence (C) 2009 Royal Netherlands Society for Agricultural Sciences Published by Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Flerchinger, G. N.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Xiao, W.; Yu, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Xiao, W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Sauer, T. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Flerchinger, GN (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RI Xiao, Wei/G-6586-2012; Yu, Qiang/D-3702-2009 OI Xiao, Wei/0000-0002-9199-2177; Yu, Qiang/0000-0001-6950-1821 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40328001] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40328001). NR 43 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 23 PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS SOC AGR SCI PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBOX 79, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-5214 J9 NJAS-WAGEN J LIFE SC JI NJAS-Wagen. J. Life Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.njas.2009.07.004 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 578NA UT WOS:000276299300003 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS Hargreaves, JNG AF McMaster, G. S. Hargreaves, J. N. G. TI CANON in D(esign): Composing scales of plant canopies from phytomers to whole-plants using the composite design pattern SO NJAS-WAGENINGEN JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Organ development; Phyllochron; Canopy architecture; Object-oriented design; Composite pattern; Simulation scale; Morphology; Shoots ID CROPPING SYSTEM MODEL; WINTER-WHEAT; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; LEAF APPEARANCE; SHOOT APEX; GROWTH; SIMULATION; PHENOLOGY; APSIM; TEMPERATURE AB Understanding plant development and architecture has been aided by the phytomer concept The phytomer, usually considered a vegetative unit of a leaf, node. Inter node, axillary bud, and occasionally nodal oats. has been extended to the inflorescence with units repeated within and among shoots For many reasons including insufficient knowledge of phytomer dynamics or specific modelling objectives, city models may not fully incorporate phytomer concepts For instance, commonly, some phytomers are aggregated into a single component such as an inflorescence component Continuing development and maturing of object-oriented(OO) design provides opportunities for better representing phytomer concepts in crop models and integrating approaches using varying scales of resolution Use of the structural Composite Design Pattern (CDP) in an OO plant design facilitates combining scales with a mixture of single and aggregated phytomers for different components This paper uses winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) to (1) illustrate building the entire plant canopy by the appearance. growth, and death of phytomer units, (2) translate this botanical abstraction into an OO design using the COP, (3) use the CDP to facilitate a mixture of scales, and (4) present results of a proof-of-concept prototype, CANON. named because the interplay of repeating phytomers is analogous to the repeating melodies of a canon musical composition CANON implements the phytomer concept of an entire canopy (both vegetative and reproductive phytomers) into an OO design using the CDP This pattern facilitated the combination of simulation scales from individual reproductive phytomers to an aggregated inflorescence Quantification of phytomer concepts for winter wheat was primarily derived from the SHOOTGRO model, with the addition of a simple aggregated inflorescence sub-model derived from the APSIM model The CANON prototype was able to simulate the appearance, growth, and senescence of phytomers on individual shoots of the plant comprising the plant canopy. Importantly, CANON was able to incorporate legacy code with a lower scale of resolution than the phytomer CANON demonstrates an OO design to simulate plant canopy development and growth ham the sub-phytomer to whole-plant level, allowing flexibility in meeting different model objectives and available knowledge of processes (C) 2009 Royal Netherlands Society for Agricultural Sciences. Published by Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [McMaster, G. S.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hargreaves, J. N. G.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst APSRU, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Hargreaves, John/G-5458-2010; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013 FU Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC); USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Systems Research Unit; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems FX The authors wish to thank the following organizations for their support of this work: Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC; www.grdc.com.au) by providing a Grains Industry Visiting Fellowship, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Agricultural Systems Research Unit (www.ars.usda.gov), and CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems (www.cse.csiro.au) We also acknowledge the support of the organizers of the 2008 International Symposium on Crop Modelling and Decision Support held on 19-22 April 2008 in Nanjing, China NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS SOC AGR SCI PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBOX 79, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-5214 J9 NJAS-WAGEN J LIFE SC JI NJAS-Wagen. J. Life Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.njas.2009.07.008 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 578NA UT WOS:000276299300006 ER PT J AU White, JW AF White, J. W. TI Combining ecophysiological models and genomics to decipher the GEM-to-P problem SO NJAS-WAGENINGEN JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE GEM-to-P problem; Ecophysiological models; Simulation; Genetics; Wheat; Sorghum; Common bean ID IN-SILICO PLANT; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE; PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INSENSITIVE PHASES; FLORAL INITIATION; CROP SIMULATION; WHEAT; GROWTH AB Much of agricultural research has the ultimate goal of enhancing our ability to predict phenotypes (P) based upon knowledge of genotypes (C). environment (E) and management (M) in order to quantitatively predict phenotypes (P). also known as the GEM-to-P problem Ecophysiological models are powerful tools for quantitatively predicting phenotypes in terms of environment and management, but their representations of genetic effects are very simplistic Genomics offers promising avenues to reduce model uncertainty by improving descriptions of the genetic differences among cultivars This paper reviews use of genetics and genomics with emphasis on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L] Moench) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) Cultivar-specific parameters, such as for photoperiod sensitivity or grain size, are often problematic because their values are estimated empirically from field studies and because the assumed physiology is inaccurate Estimates based on genotypic data should be more reliable than estimates from phenotypic data since environmental vat talon is eliminated. Using ecophysiological models for wheat, sorghum and common bean, cultivar coefficients wet e estimated using linear functions for gene effects For all three crops, simulations with gene-based coefficients were similar to those from conventional coefficients Wider use of this approach has been limited by the number of loci that have been characterized for readily modelled traits. However, data limitations are diminishing as genomic tools provide robust characterization of genes such as the Vrn and Ppd series in wheat Genomics also can contribute to understanding of how processes should be represented in models Examples include determining the end of the juvenile phase. characterizing interactive effects of temperature on photoperiod sensitivity, improving how tiller development is modelled, and estimating carbon costs of low-lignin traits for bioenergy crops. The merger of ecophysiological models with genomics, however. will not happen spontaneously. Modellers must broaden their understanding of genomics and related fields, while developing effective collaborations with the plant biology community (C) 2009 Royal Netherlands Society for Agricultural Sciences Published by Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS SOC AGR SCI PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBOX 79, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-5214 J9 NJAS-WAGEN J LIFE SC JI NJAS-Wagen. J. Life Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.njas.2009.08.001 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 578NA UT WOS:000276299300007 ER PT J AU Weiss, A Baenziger, PS McMaster, GS Wilhelm, WW Al Ajlouni, ZI AF Weiss, A. Baenziger, P. S. McMaster, G. S. Wilhelm, W. W. Al Ajlouni, Z. I. TI Quantifying phenotypic plasticity using genetic information for simulating plant height in winter wheat SO NJAS-WAGENINGEN JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Genomics; Crop simulation models; Genotype by environment interaction; Semi-dwarfing genes ID IN-SILICO PLANT; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; SPRING WHEAT; MODEL; GROWTH; RESPONSES; CROPS; YIELD AB A challenge for crop simulation modelling is to incorporate existing and rapidly emerging genomic information into models to develop new and improved algorithms The objective of this effort was to simulate plant height in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) across a range of environments in Nebraska using genetic information Plant height is influenced by major genes that are discrete and well characterized genetically and phenotypically. Although plant height is a complex trait, it is far simpler than many other traits Two datasets were used in this study, one from a study where final plant heights were measured at five locations across Nebraska in two years (dataset 1) and another study where plant height was measured 13 times before anthesis in one year at one location for one genotype (dataset 2) The crop simulation model CropSyst was modified by incorporating a different phenology algorithm and adding a plant height algorithm The plant height algorithm was based on the ratio of the mean optimum final height of a height class (tall semi-dwarf, semi-dwarf. short semi-dwarf) to the mean optimum final heights for two tall cultivars, an environmental index based on the fraction of transpirable soil water, and the development stage Final plant heights were simulated reasonably well for the different height classes with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 7 3 cm (dataset 1). For dataset 2, the simulated plant height of a short semi-dwarf line was always greater than the observed plant height, resulting in observed and simulated final plant heights of 82 and 88 cm, respectively (RMSE = 8 8 cm) The least accurate simulations, in which heights were overpredicted, occurred when precipitation during the growing season was above aver age (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B V on behalf of Royal Netherlands Society for Agricultural Sciences. C1 [Weiss, A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Baenziger, P. S.; Al Ajlouni, Z. I.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [McMaster, G. S.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Wilhelm, W. W.] USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Weiss, A (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 FU Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station; Nebraska Wheat Development, Utilization, and Marketing Board; USDA-CSREES NRICGP [2004-35300-1470, 2006-55606-16629] FX Dr Claudio Stockle and Mr. Roger Nelson provided valuable comments about the algorithms used in CropSyst Partial funding for P.S Baenziger is from the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station, the Nebraska Wheat Development, Utilization, and Marketing Board, and USDA-CSREES NRICGP grants 2004-35300-1470 and 2006-55606-16629. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL NETHERLANDS SOC AGR SCI PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBOX 79, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-5214 EI 2212-1307 J9 NJAS-WAGEN J LIFE SC JI NJAS-Wagen. J. Life Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.njas.2009.10.001 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 578NA UT WOS:000276299300008 ER PT J AU Bryant, MD Lukey, MD McDonell, JP Gubernick, RA Aho, RS AF Bryant, M. D. Lukey, M. D. McDonell, J. P. Gubernick, R. A. Aho, R. S. TI Seasonal Movement of Dolly Varden and Cutthroat Trout with Respect to Stream Discharge in a Second-Order Stream in Southeast Alaska SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; RESTRICTED MOVEMENT; COHO SALMON; HABITAT USE; HEADWATER STREAMS; BLACKFOOT RIVER; BROOK TROUT; BULL TROUT; MIGRATION; DRAINAGE AB The relationship between the movement of small (<150-mm) Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma and cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii and stream discharge is not well known in streams of southeast Alaska. We measured movement in a small headwater stream using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and stationary antennas to record time and date of movement. Fish with PIT tags were detected by transceivers and stationary antennas in the stream. The date and time of detection at an antenna were matched with stream discharge (m(3)/s) at the same date and time. Most Dolly Varden moved upstream during late summer and early fall. Most cutthroat trout movement was in May, and movement declined through the summer. Few fish moved during the winter. Most fish moved within a narrow discharge range, with a few moving at higher discharges. More than 97% of fish from both species were detected as moving upstream at discharges below the 5% exceedance level during the 4-year period of discharge measurements. Dolly Varden and cutthroat trout moved throughout the entire length of usable habitat in the stream. Connectivity throughout watersheds even within headwater streams is important and can be maintained for these species by use of road crossings that ensure passage over a range of flow conditions such as those described here. C1 [Bryant, M. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Inst, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lukey, M. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [McDonell, J. P.; Gubernick, R. A.; Aho, R. S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. RP Bryant, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Inst, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM mdbiii@gmail.com FU USFS Tongass National Forest FX Don Cornelius, Suzanne Hebert, Bob Zorich, and Travis Bower assisted in the day-to-day operation of the fish detection system, which was critical to the success of the study. Brenda Wright, Brian Davies, Aaron Trusdell, and numerous seasonal technicians provided valuable assistance in various aspects of field sampling. Russ Thynes and Marc Novik provided expertise with various electronic issues. We appreciate the thorough and constructive manuscript review by Gayle Zydlewski. Funding was provided by the USFS Tongass National Forest. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1728 EP 1742 DI 10.1577/M09-022.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000277113800020 ER PT J AU Rentch, JS Miller, GW Gottschalk, KW AF Rentch, James S. Miller, Gary W. Gottschalk, Kurt W. TI Crown Class Dynamics of Oaks, Yellow-Poplar and Red Maple after Commercial Thinning in Appalachian Hardwoods: 20-Year Results SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE canopy ascension; canopy regression; canopy persistence; crown class transition rates; oak silviculture ID GROWTH; STANDS AB Silvicultural strategies are often planned to favor the growth and survival of desired species until they reach a competitive position in the upper canopy. Once desired species reach the upper canopy, they can persist and provide a variety of benefits for decades. Later, they can serve as a source of natural regeneration for sustaining species composition. Although information is available for promoting desired advance seedlings in the understory of mature stands and culturing desired saplings in the upper canopy of young stands, additional information is needed on promoting desired species at mid-rotation, when the stand first reaches commercial size classes. Crown class transition rates for a total of 2,668 white and chestnut oaks, northern red oak, scarlet and black oaks, yellow-poplar, red maple, blackgum, and black birch were observed for 20 years in a 53-year-old central Appalachian mixed-hardwood stand. Treatments included three residual stand densities after commercial thinning and an unthinned control. In general, the thinning treatments reduced mortality, increased crown class retention rates of codominant trees, and increased the ascension rates of trees in the intermediate crown class. After thinning, codominant trees exhibited the crown class stability of dominant trees, and intermediate trees exhibited greater survival and ascension to the upper canopy compared with unthinned controls. Very few suppressed trees improved canopy position in thinning treatments; however, thinning did tend to reduce mortality of these trees. Crown class transition rates are presented to help forest managers understand how commercial thinning treatments can affect the composition of the upper canopy in the latter stages of stand development. C1 [Rentch, James S.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Miller, Gary W.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Rentch, JS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jrentch2@wvu.edu NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 156 EP 163 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 540XW UT WOS:000273375400005 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, William B. TI Seventy Years of Understory Development by Elevation Class in a New Hampshire Mixed Forest: Management Implications SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE natural succession; northern hardwoods; climate change; red spruce decline; sugar maple decline ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TREE MIGRATION; MOUNTAINS AB New England forest managers are faced with numerous environmental issues, such as global warming, nutrient depletion, and species declines that could influence the choice of appropriate silvicultural techniques and objectives. On the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, 70 years of change on more than 400 remeasured cruise plots by elevation classes ranging from 600 to 2,700 ft showed no evidence of environmental impacts. The major, and only dominant, agent of change was natural succession. Time-tested silvicultural approaches remain valid. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM bleak@fs.fed.us NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 26 IS 4 BP 164 EP 166 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 540XW UT WOS:000273375400006 ER PT J AU Tonkel, KC Piper, GL AF Tonkel, Kirk C. Piper, Gary L. TI Patterns in Resource Partitioning by Insect Biological Control Agents of Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) in Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; EUSTENOPUS-VILLOSUS; TEPHRITIDAE; ASTERACEAE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CANDIDATE; DIPTERA AB Entire yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraccae), plants were harvested from three southeastern Washington sites in September 2004 for seed head dissections to assess intra-plant patterns in the spatial distribution of the introduced false peacock fly, Chaetorellia succinea (Costa), and peacock fly, Chaetorellia australis Hering (Diptera: Tephritidae). Thirty plants were partitioned into three height classes and collected at each site, spanning the longitudinal range of yellow starthistle in Washington. Seed head canopies were stratified into three vertical sections and individual heads were dissected to determine bioagent occupation. Logistic regression analysis using a binary logit model was performed on data collected from each of the three sites separately due to varying site effects. Explanatory variables included plant height, plant width, plant canopy stratum (apical, mid, basal), and presence of other bioagents within a head. 'Other bioagents' detected include the yellow starthistle hairy weevil, Eustenopus villosus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the yellow starthistle bud weevil. Bangasternus orientalis Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the yellow starthistle flower weevil, Larinus curtus Hochhut (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the yellow starthistle gall fly, Urophora sirunaseva (Hering) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Using Chaetorellia spp. presence its the response variable, models were significant for the western-most site in Klickitat Co. (chi(2) = 35.66, df = 5. P<0.0001, n = 2,783), and the eastern-most site in Asotin Co. (chi(2) = 17.93, df = 5. P = 0.0030, n = 939). but not for the central site in Benton Co. (chi(2) = 9.44. df = 5, P = 0.0929. it = 1 MO). The one consistently significant site-wide predictor of Chaetorellia spp. occupation was the presence of 'other bioagents.' The frequent co-occurrence of Chaetorellia spp. and, in particular, E. villosus at the sampling sites suggests potentially competitive interactions between these insects. C1 [Tonkel, Kirk C.; Piper, Gary L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Tonkel, KC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM ktonkel@unr.edu NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413DY UT WOS:000263774300002 ER PT J AU Kluber, MR Olson, DH Puettmann, KJ AF Kluber, Matthew R. Olson, Deanna H. Puettmann, Klaus J. TI Downed Wood Microclimates and Their Potential Impact on Plethodontid Salamander Habitat in the Oregon Coast Range SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; HEADWATER FORESTS; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; CLEAR-CUT; WASHINGTON; AMPHIBIANS; DEBRIS; ECOLOGY AB Downed wood provides important faunal microhabitat in forests for numerous invertebrate taxa, small mammals and amphibians. Habitat suitability of downed wood as refugia is an increasing concern in managed Pacific Northwest forests, where overstory reduction may result in both reduced downed wood recruitment and increased temperatures within logs. We examined temperature profiles in western Oregon to assess differences in thermal regimes of logs and soil relative to Summer air temperature extremes and their implications with respect to habitat suitability for plethodontid salamanders. Temperature profiles of small- (0.3-0.45 m) and large- (0.7-1.0 m) diameter logs, as well as ambient soil and air temperatures, were measured in a 60-year-old forest stand at two different positions (0-5 m and 35-40 m from stream edge) in three case studies: 1) along a headwater stream with a narrow riparian buffer (similar to 6 m) and moderate upslope thinning; 2) along a headwater stream with a wider riparian buffer (similar to 15 m) and moderate upslope thinning; and 3) along a headwater stream with an unthinned upslope. Streamside and upslope maximum air temperatures measured during July 2006 along all three streams were near or exceeded 30 degrees C, the critical thermal tolerance threshold for western plethodontid salamanders. Streamside and upslope temperatures inside small logs, large logs and soils stayed below critical temperatures. Our results suggest that logs of a wide size range, as well as soils, may provide sufficient protection against thermal extremes in uncut forests and thinned stands with limited overstory. C1 [Kluber, Matthew R.; Puettmann, Klaus J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Olson, Deanna H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kluber, MR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mkluber@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service; Pacific Northwest Research Station; USDI Bureau of Land Management Density Management Study; Oregon State University FX We thank M. Huso and L. Ganio for statistical advice, K. Ronnenberg for editorial and graphical assistance and J. Wallick for editorial assistance. We also thank H. Snook, P. O'Toole, L. Ellenburg, S. Wessell and P. Anderson for logistic support and L. Kluber for field and editorial assistance. Financial and logistical support was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, the USDI Bureau of Land Management Density Management Study and Oregon State University. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 20 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413DY UT WOS:000263774300003 ER PT J AU Slauson, KM Zielinski, WJ AF Slauson, Keith M. Zielinski, William J. TI Characteristics of Summer and Fall Diurnal Resting Habitat Used by American Martens in Coastal Northwestern California SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SELECTION AB American martens use resting habitat between periods of activity to provide both thermal refugia and protection from predators. Maintenance or restoration of key elements of marten resting habitat, such as resting structures, requires that managers recognize their characteristics to protect them. or manage for their creation. We measured resting habitat at 4 scales: (1) the resting location-where the marten actually rested (2) the resting structure-the habitat element that contained the resting location: (3) the resting site-characteristics in the immediate vicinity of each resting structure; and (4) the resting stand-the forest stand containing the resting structure. During the summer and fall of 2001 and 2002 we identified resting structures used by 12 radio-collared martens (7 Male, 5 Female) and I uncollared marten. The animals were the members of the only remnant population of martens within the historical range of the Humboldt marten (M. a. humboldtensis). The study area included portions of the Six Rivers National Forest, Smith River National Recreation Area, and adjacent Green Diamond Resource Company lands in coastal northwestern California. We located martens resting on 55 occasions in the following types of structures: snags (37%), logs (23%), live-trees (17%), slash-piles (10%), rock-piles (8%), and shrub clumps (6%). The location in the structure where the marten actually rested was determined on 92% of occasions and included chambers (33%), cavities (33%), broken tops (22%), branch platforms (6%). ground sites (6%), and basal hollows (2%). Woody structures were large. with mean dbh of 93.9 cm for live-trees, 94.9 cm for snags, and 88.2 cm maximum-diameter for logs. The mean age of 24 of the woody resting structures was 339 year, (range 13 1666 years). Our results are consistent with results from other studies on resting structure use and highlight the importance of large live and dead woody structures for American martens in coastal forests of northwestern California. C1 [Slauson, Keith M.; Zielinski, William J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Slauson, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM kslauson@fs.fed.us FU California Department of Fish and Game; Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University; Redwood Sciences Laboratory; Pacific Southwest Research Station; USDA Forest Service; Six Rivers National Forest; Arcata Office of the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; Western Section of The Wildlife Society FX We thank B. Marckmann, D. Prins, T Hacking, and J. Pennycook for assistance in the field. The Green Diamond Resource Company, especially K. Hamm, L. Diller, C. Howard, and T. O'Dell helped with access and logistics on company lands. J. Werren and S. Norman of the USDA Pacific Southwest Research Station, Redwood Sciences Laboratory provided GIS support and assistance in aging woody structures, respectively. We acknowledge: California Department of Fish and Game; Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University; Redwood Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service; Six Rivers National Forest, U.S.D.A. Forest Service; Arcata Office of the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service; Western Section of The Wildlife Society for financial support; G. Koehler and one anonymous reviewer. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413DY UT WOS:000263774300004 ER PT J AU Rinella, DJ Booz, M Bogan, DL Boggs, K Sturdy, M Rinella, MJ AF Rinella, Daniel J. Booz, Michael Bogan, Daniel L. Boggs, Keith Sturdy, Michelle Rinella, Matthew J. TI Large Woody Debris and Salmonid Habitat in the Anchor River Basin, Alaska, Following an Extensive Spruce Beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) Outbreak SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST STREAMS; KENAI PENINSULA; WESTERN WASHINGTON; WHITE SPRUCE; REGENERATION; ECOSYSTEMS; COLEOPTERA; SIZE AB A widespread and intense spruce beetle outbreak during the 1990s has killed most of the mature white spruce (Picea glauca) trees across many watersheds in south-central Alaska. To investigate the potential habitat impacts in a salmon stream, we characterized the current abundance and species composition of large woody debris (LWD). examined the linkages between LWD and salmonid habitat, and estimated changes in LWD abundance and associated pool habitat over time. LWD abundance was relatively low (97 pieces/km overall) and varied widely according to riparian vegetation typology, ranging from 15 pieces/km at sites with non-forested riparian zones to 170 pieces/km at sites adjacent to cottonwood forest. LWD provided significant fish cover in pools, especially in cottonwood forest stream reaches. LWD-formed pools were relatively rare (15% of total), but LWD abundance explained much of the variation in pool frequency (r(2) = 0.86 in spruce forest reaches) and in the proportion of pool habitats (r(2) = 0.85 in cottonwood forest reaches). We project the spruce beetle outbreak to result in a substantial net increase in LWD abundance over a 50-year span, peaking with 243% and 179% increases in LWD abundance for spruce forest and cottonwood forest stream reaches. respectively. in the year 2025. Concurrent with the peak in LWD abundance, our estimates show pool frequency in spruce forest reaches to reach 207% of current levels and the proportion of pools in cottonwood forest reaches to reach 167% of current levels. changes that correspond with substantially increased potential habitat for juvenile salmonids. C1 [Rinella, Daniel J.; Booz, Michael; Bogan, Daniel L.] Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Boggs, Keith; Sturdy, Michelle] Univ Alaska, Alaska Nat Heritage Program, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. [Rinella, Matthew J.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Rinella, DJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Environm & Nat Resources Inst, 707 A St, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. EM rinella@uaa.alaska.edu FU USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry FX This work was funded by the USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry. The authors acknowledge the Kachemak Bay Research Reserve for providing lodging and laboratory space in Homer. They thank Michael Shephard (USDA Forest Service) for his help in planning this project and Jeff Davis (Aquatic Restoration and Research Institute), Don Bragg (USDA Forest Service), and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the manuscript. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 83 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413DY UT WOS:000263774300006 ER PT J AU Bauchart-Thevret, C Stoll, B Burrin, DG AF Bauchart-Thevret, Caroline Stoll, Barbara Burrin, Douglas G. TI Intestinal metabolism of sulfur amino acids SO NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Methionine; Cysteine; S-adenosylmethionine; Glutathione ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISM; GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSAL GROWTH; METHIONINE CYCLE ACTIVITY; CHICKEN SMALL-INTESTINE; COLORECTAL-CANCER RISK; HEALTHY INDIAN MEN; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; COLON-CANCER AB The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a metabolically significant site of sulfur amino acid (SAA) metabolism in the body and metabolises about 20 % of the dietary methionine intake which is mainly transmethylated to homocysteine and trans-sulfurated to cysteine. The GIT accounts for about 25 % of the whole-body transmethylation and trans-sulfuration. In addition, in vivo studies in young pigs indicate that the GIT is a site of net homocysteine release and thus may contribute to the homocysteinaemia. The gut also utilises 25 % of the dietary cysteine intake and the cysteine uptake by the gut represents about 65 % of the splanchnic first-pass uptake. Moreover, we recently showed that SAA deficiency significantly suppresses intestinal mucosal growth and reduces intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, and increases intestinal oxidant stress in piglets. These recent findings indicate that intestinal metabolism of dietary methionine and cysteine is nutritionally important for intestinal mucosal growth. Besides their role in protein synthesis, methionine and cysteine are precursors of important molecules. S-adenosylmethionine, a metabolite of methionine, is the principal biological methyl donor in mammalian cells and a precursor for polyamine synthesis. Cysteine is the rate-limiting amino acid for glutathione synthesis, the major cellular antioxidant in mammals. Further studies are warranted to establish how SAA metabolism regulates gut growth and intestinal function, and contributes to the development of gastrointestinal diseases. The present review discusses the evidence of SAA metabolism in the GIT and its functional and nutritional importance in gut function and diseases. C1 [Bauchart-Thevret, Caroline; Stoll, Barbara; Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU USDA/ARS [58-6250-6-001]; Association pour le Developpement de la Recherche en Nutrition (ADREN)/Societe Francophone Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme (SFNEP); Nutricia Research Foundation; Societe Francaise de Nutrition (SFN) FX The present review is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX It was supported by federal funds from the USDA/ARS under cooperative agreement number 58-6250-6-001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organisations imply endorsement by the US Government. C. B.-T. was supported by grants from Association pour le Developpement de la Recherche en Nutrition (ADREN)/Societe Francophone Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme (SFNEP), Nutricia Research Foundation, and Societe Francaise de Nutrition (SFN). NR 145 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0954-4224 J9 NUTR RES REV JI Nutr. Res. Rev. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 22 IS 2 BP 175 EP 187 DI 10.1017/S0954422409990138 PG 13 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 545HZ UT WOS:000273724400007 PM 19835653 ER PT J AU Meydani, M AF Meydani, Mohsen TI Potential health benefits of avenanthramides of oats SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE avenanthramides; inflammation; oats; polyphenols; proliferation ID AVENA-SATIVA L.; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS; IN-VITRO; TRANILAST; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Oats are known to be a healthy food for the heart due mainly to their high beta-glucan content. In addition, they contain more than 20 unique polyphenols, avenanthramides, which have shown strong antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. The polyphenols of oats have also recently been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anti-itching activity, which may provide additional protection against coronary heart disease, colon cancer, and skin irritation. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 67 IS 12 BP 731 EP 735 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00256.x PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 524TU UT WOS:000272167000005 PM 19941618 ER PT J AU Lea, JP Crenshaw, DO Onufrak, SJ Newsome, BB McClellan, WM AF Lea, Janice P. Crenshaw, Daryl O. Onufrak, Stephen J. Newsome, Britt B. McClellan, William M. TI Obesity, End-stage Renal Disease, and Survival in an Elderly Cohort With Cardiovascular Disease SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; QUALITY-OF-CARE; DIALYSIS PATIENTS; MEDICARE PATIENTS; ASSOCIATION; RISK; MORTALITY; OVERWEIGHT; OUTCOMES AB Obesity is highly prevalent in African Americans and is associated with increased risk of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and death. It is not known if the effect of obesity is similar among blacks and whites. The aim of this study is to examine racial differences in the association of obesity with ESRD and survival in elderly patients (age > 65). Data were obtained for 74,167 Medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between February 1994 and July 1995. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m(2)). We evaluated the association of BMI class with ESRD incidence and death using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, testing for race-BMI interactions. Compared to whites, African Americans had higher BMI (26.9 vs. 26.0, P < 0.0001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (72.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2) vs. 66.6 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P < 0.0001). Crude ESRD rates increased with increasing obesity among whites but not among blacks. However, after adjusting for age, sex, and other comorbidities, obesity was not associated with increased ESRD rate among blacks or whites and the interaction between race and BMI was not significant. Furthermore, for both races, patients classified as overweight, class 1 obese, or class 2 obese had similar, significantly better survival abilities compared to normal weight patients and the race BMI interaction was not significant. In conclusion, obesity does not increase risk of ESRD among black or white elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, both obese blacks and whites, in this population, experience a survival benefit. Further studies need to explore this obesity paradox. C1 [Lea, Janice P.; Crenshaw, Daryl O.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Onufrak, Stephen J.; Newsome, Britt B.] ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. [Newsome, Britt B.] Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. [McClellan, William M.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lea, JP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jlea@emory.edu NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD DEC PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2216 EP 2222 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.70 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 523RD UT WOS:000272091200015 PM 19325542 ER PT J AU Hariton, A Ben-Aziz, O Davidovitch, M Zubrzak, P Nachman, RJ Altstein, M AF Hariton, Aliza Ben-Aziz, Orna Davidovitch, Michael Zubrzak, Pawel Nachman, Ronald J. Altstein, Miriam TI Bioavailability of beta-amino acid and C-terminally derived PK/PBAN analogs SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE PBAN; Topical application; Cuticular penetration; Sex pheromone biosynthesis; Bioavailability ID BIOSYNTHESIS ACTIVATING NEUROPEPTIDE; INSECT PYROKININ NEUROPEPTIDES; SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; TOPICAL APPLICATION; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; HELIOTHIS-PELTIGERA; AMPHIPHILIC ANALOGS; ACTIVE CONFORMATION; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PBAN ANTAGONISTS AB The ability of linear beta-amino acid substituted peptides (PK-beta A-1: Ac-YFT[beta P-3]RLa; PK-beta A-2: Ac-Y[beta(3)homoF]TPRLa; PK-beta A-3: Ac-Y[beta F-3]TPRLa; PK-beta A-4: Ac-[beta F-3]FT[beta P-3]RLa) and unsubstituted analogs (Ac-YFTPRLa and YFTPRLa) of the pyrokinin(PK)/pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family to penetrate the insect cuticle and exert biological activity (i.e., stimulate sex pheromone biosynthesis), was tested by topical application on Heliothis peltigera moths. The present results clearly indicate that small linear synthetic peptides can penetrate the cuticle very efficiently by contact application and activate their target organ. The time responses of the peptides applied in DDW and DMSO were tested and the activities of topically applied and injected peptides were compared. The results clearly indicate that PK-beta A-4 and PK-beta A-3 exhibited high bioavailability (ability to penetrate through the cuticle and exertion of bioactivity) with the latter showing longer persistence in both solvents than any other analog in the study; indicative that incorporation of a beta-amino acid at the Phe(2) position can enhance longevity in topical PK/PBAN analogs. PK-beta A-4 was significantly more active in DMSO than in DDW, and significantly more active than the parent peptide LPK in DMSO. PK-beta A-1 and PK-beta A-2 exhibited negligible activity. Interestingly, Ac-YFTPRLa was highly potent in both solvents; its activity in DDW did not differ from that of PK-beta A-4 and PK-beta A-3, and was higher than that of LPK Even the unacylated peptide YFTPRLa was active in both solvents, at a similar level to LPK. Topically applied PK-beta A-4 and Ac-YFTPRLa exhibited significantly higher activity than the injected peptides. PK-beta A-3 and YFTPRLa were equally potent in both routes of administration. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Zubrzak, Pawel; Nachman, Ronald J.] So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Hariton, Aliza; Ben-Aziz, Orna; Davidovitch, Michael; Altstein, Miriam] Volcani Ctr, Dept Entomol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu; vinnie2@agri.gov.il FU US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS-335602] FX This research was supported by the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) (IS-335602) (MA, RJN). This manuscript forms part of the M.Sc. thesis of Aliza Hariton, a student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 EI 1873-5169 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD DEC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 12 BP 2174 EP 2181 DI 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.05.011 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534NH UT WOS:000272903900012 PM 19465077 ER PT J AU Pimentel, JS Gennari, SM Dubey, JP Marvulo, MFV Vasconcellos, SA Morais, ZM Silva, JCR Neto, JE AF Pimentel, Joubert S. Gennari, Solange M. Dubey, Jitender P. Marvulo, Maria F. V. Vasconcellos, Silvio A. Morais, Zenaide M. Silva, Jean C. R. Evencio Neto, Joaquim TI Serological survey of toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in neotropical wild mammals from Aracaju Zoo, Sergipe, Brazil SO PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA LA Portuguese DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Leptospira spp.; antibody; Primates; Carnivora; captivity ID UNITED-STATES; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; GONDII; SEROPREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIC; ANIMALS; FELIDS AB Pimentel J.S., Gennari S. M., Dubey J.P., Marvulo M. F. V., Vasconcellos S. A., Morais Z.M., Silva J.C.R. & Evencio Neto J. 2009. [Serological survey of toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in neotropical wild mammals from Aracaju Zoo, Sergipe, Brazil.] Inquerito sorologico para toxoplasmose e leptospirose em mamiferos selvagens neotropicais do Zoologico de Aracaju, Sergipe. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 29(12): 1009-1014. Empresa de Desenvolvimento Agropecuario de Sergipe, Zoologico do Parque da Cidade, Av. Corinto Leite s/n, Industrial, Aracaju, SE 49067-060, Brazil. E-mail: joubertpimentel@bol.com.br Modern zoological gardens are institutions to wildlife maintenance, aiming its conservation, the performance of scientific research and leisure, recreation and environmental education activities. The variety of wild species living in conditions different from the one found in its natural habitats represents a propitious environment for diseases spread, specially the zoonotic ones. Due to data shortage and wild mammals' epidemiological relevance both for toxoplasmosis as for leptospirosis, this study aimed to determine the serological survey of toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in Neotropical wild mammals, from Zoo of Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 32 wild mammals, adults and from both sexes: 14 wild bearded capuchins (Cebus libidinosus), four golden-bellied capuchins (Cebus xanthosternus), three pumas (Puma concolor), one jaguar (Panthera onca), one crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), six crab-eating raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus), two South American coatis (Nasua nasua), and one tayra (Eira barbara). Sera were tested to Toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT e"1:25), and by the microscopic seroaglutination test (cut-off e"1: 100) using 24 serovar of pathogenic leptospiras and two serovar of saprophyte leptospiras. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 17 of 32 (53.1%) wild mammals, and antibodies to Leptospira spp. were found in 4 of 32 (12.5%) wild mammals. In relation to gender, 9 of 15 (60%) males, and 8 of 17 (47.1%) females had antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, and 4 of 15 (26.7%) males had antibodies to Leptospira spp. Considering the origin of the seropositive animals to T. gondii, 8 of 17 (47%) were born in the zoo, 7 of 17 (41.2%) were from other zoos, and 2 (11.8%) were from the wild. Three of 4 (75%) mammals seropositive to Leptospira spp. were born in zoo, and 1 of 4 (25%) was from the wild. This is the first serological survey of Leptospira spp. in Neotropical primates and carnivores from Northeast zoo of Brazil, and the first time that antibodies to T. gondii and Leptospira spp. (serovar Copenhageni) were observed in the threaten specie of primate golden-bellied capuchins (Cebus xanthosternus) in Aracaju, SE. C1 [Pimentel, Joubert S.] Empresa Desenvolvimento Agropecuario Sergipe Emda, BR-49067060 Aracaju, SE, Brazil. [Pimentel, Joubert S.; Silva, Jean C. R.] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco UFRPE, Dept Vet Med, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Pimentel, Joubert S.] Fac Pio Decimo, Curso Med Vet, BR-49080470 Aracaju, SE, Brazil. [Gennari, Solange M.; Vasconcellos, Silvio A.; Morais, Zenaide M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Dubey, Jitender P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Marvulo, Maria F. V.; Silva, Jean C. R.] Inst Brasileiro Med Conservacao Triade, BR-52070000 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Evencio Neto, Joaquim] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco UFRPE, Dept Morfol & Fisiol Anim, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Pimentel, JS (reprint author), Empresa Desenvolvimento Agropecuario Sergipe Emda, Zool Parque Cidade Governador Jose Rollemberg Lei, BR-49067060 Aracaju, SE, Brazil. EM joubertpimentel@bol.com.br RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 9 U2 34 PU REVISTA PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA PI RIO JANEIRO PA EMBRAPA-SAUDE ANIMAL, KM47 SEROPEDICA, 23851-970 RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL SN 0100-736X J9 PESQUISA VET BRASIL JI Pesqui. Vet. Bras. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1009 EP 1014 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 554CV UT WOS:000274414000010 ER PT J AU Castle, SJ Goodell, PB Palumbo, JC AF Castle, Steven J. Goodell, Peter B. Palumbo, John C. TI Implementing principles of the integrated control concept 50 years later - current challenges in IPM for arthropod pests SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID BEMISIA-TABACI; BIOTYPE; DISEASE; CITRUS C1 [Castle, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Palumbo, John C.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Castle, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1263 EP 1264 DI 10.1002/ps.1862 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 522IN UT WOS:000271991200001 PM 19890882 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC AF Naranjo, Steven E. Ellsworth, Peter C. TI Fifty years of the integrated control concept: moving the model and implementation forward in Arizona SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Bemisia tabaci; decision aids; conservation biological control; selective insecticides; bioresidual; ecosystem services ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; FIELD-WEATHERED RESIDUES; JUVENILE-HORMONE ANALOG; ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS; PEST-MANAGEMENT; SWEET-POTATO; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; SAMPLING PLANS AB Fifty years ago, Stern, Smith, van den Bosch and Hagen outlined a simple but sophisticated idea of pest control predicated on the complementary action of chemical and biological control. This integrated control concept has since been a driving force and conceptual foundation for all integrated pest management (IPM) programs. The four basic elements include thresholds for determining the need for control, sampling to determine critical densities, understanding and conserving the biological control capacity in the system and the use of selective insecticides or selective application methods, when needed, to augment biological control. Here we detail the development, evolution, validation and implementation of an integrated control (IQ program for whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), in the Arizona cotton system that provides a rare example of the vision of Stern and his colleagues. Economic thresholds derived from research-based economic injury levels were developed and integrated with rapid and accurate sampling plans into validated decision tools widely adopted by consultants and growers. Extensive research that measured the interplay among pest population dynamics, biological control by indigenous natural enemies and selective insecticides using community ordination methods, predator: prey ratios, predator exclusion and demography validated the critical complementary roles played by chemical and biological control. The term 'bioresidual' was coined to describe the extended environmental resistance from biological control and other forces possible when selective insecticides are deployed. The tangible benefits have been a 70% reduction in foliar insecticides, a >$200 million saving in control costs and yield, along with enhanced utilization of ecosystem services over the last 14 years. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ellsworth, Peter C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM Steve.naranjo@ars.usda.gov OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 NR 124 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 8 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1267 EP 1286 DI 10.1002/ps.1861 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 522IN UT WOS:000271991200003 PM 19834884 ER PT J AU Jones, VP Unruh, TR Horton, DR Mills, NJ Brunner, JF Beers, EH Shearer, PW AF Jones, Vincent P. Unruh, Thomas R. Horton, David R. Mills, Nicholas J. Brunner, Jay F. Beers, Elizabeth H. Shearer, Peter W. TI Tree fruit IPM programs in the western United States: the challenge of enhancing biological control through intensive management SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; integrated pest management; apple; pear; walnut ID TRIOXYS-PALLIDUS HYMENOPTERA; CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; MATING DISRUPTION; AZINPHOSMETHYL; TORTRICIDAE; RESISTANCE; PREDATORS; FIELD; PESTICIDES; WASHINGTON AB The seminal work of Stern and his coauthors on integrated control has had a profound and long-lasting effect on the development of IPM programs in western orchard systems. Management systems based solely on pesticides have proven to be unstable, and the success of IPM systems in western orchards has been driven by conservation of natural enemies to control secondary pests, combined with pesticides and mating disruption to suppress the key lepidopteran pests. However, the legislatively mandated changes in pesticide use patterns prompted by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 have resulted in an increased instability of pest populations in orchards because of natural enemy destruction. The management system changes have made it necessary to focus efforts on enhancing biological control not only of secondary pests but also of primary lepidopteran pests to help augment new pesticides and mating disruption tactics. The new management programs envisioned will be information extensive as well as time sensitive and will require redesign of educational and outreach programs to be successful. The developing programs will continue to use the core principles of Stern and his co-authors, but go beyond them to incorporate changes in society, technology and information transfer, as needed. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Jones, Vincent P.; Brunner, Jay F.; Beers, Elizabeth H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Unruh, Thomas R.; Horton, David R.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA USA. [Mills, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci & Policy Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shearer, Peter W.] Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. RP Jones, VP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, 1100 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM vpjones@wsu.edu FU USDA-CSREES Specialty Crops Research Initiative [2008-04854]; Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX This publication was supported by grants from the USDA-CSREES Specialty Crops Research Initiative (proposal 2008-04854) and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission to VPJ, DRH and TRU. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1305 EP 1310 DI 10.1002/ps.1839 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 522IN UT WOS:000271991200007 PM 19731263 ER PT J AU Palumbo, JC Castle, SJ AF Palumbo, John C. Castle, Steven J. TI IPM for fresh-market lettuce production in the desert southwest: the produce paradox SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE integrated control; selective insecticides; consumer perceptions; sampling ID POTATO WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; GREEN PEACH APHID; ARIZONA; INSECTICIDES; COLONIZATION; ABUNDANCE; THRIPS AB In the 'Integrated Control Concept', Stern et al. emphasized that, although insecticides are necessary for agricultural production, they should only be used as a last resort and as a complement to biological control. They argued that selective insecticide use should only be attempted after it has been determined that insect control with naturally occurring biotic agents is not capable of preventing economic damage. However, they concluded their seminal paper by emphasizing that integrated control will not work where natural enemies are inadequate or where economic thresholds are too low to rely on biological control. Thus, it is no surprise that insect control in high-value, fresh-market lettuce crops grown in the desert southwest have relied almost exclusively on insecticides to control a complex of mobile, polyphagous pests. Because lettuce and leafy greens are short-season annual crops with little or no tolerance for insect damage or contamination, biological control is generally considered unacceptable. High expectations from consumers for aesthetically appealing produce free of pesticide residues further forces vegetable growers to use chemical control tactics that are not only effective but safe. Consequently, scientists have been developing integrated pest management (IPM) programs for lettuce that are aimed at reducing the economic, occupational and dietary risks associated with chemical controls of the past. Most of these programs have drawn upon the integrated control concept and promote the importance of understanding the agroecosystem, and the need to sample for pest status and use action thresholds for cost-effective insect control. More recently, pest management programs have implemented newly developed, reduced-risk chemistries that are selectively efficacious against key pests. This paper discusses the influence that the integrated control concept, relative to zero-tolerance market standards and other constraints, has had on the adoption of pest management in desert lettuce crops. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Palumbo, John C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. [Castle, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Palumbo, JC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, 4435 W 8th St, Yuma, AZ 85364 USA. EM jpalumbo@ag.arizona.edu NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1311 EP 1320 DI 10.1002/ps.1864 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 522IN UT WOS:000271991200008 PM 19842090 ER PT J AU Castle, S Naranjo, SE AF Castle, Steven Naranjo, Steven E. TI Sampling plans, selective insecticides and sustainability: the case for IPM as 'informed pest management' SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Integrated Pest Management; IPM; biocontrol; resistance; selective insecticides; sampling protocol ID ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS; GREEN CLOVERWORM LEPIDOPTERA; CUCUMBER BEETLE COLEOPTERA; BEMISIA-TABACI; NATURAL ENEMIES; AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION; GROWTH-REGULATORS; APIS-MELLIFERA; NORTH-AMERICA; RESISTANCE AB Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is considered the central paradigm of insect pest management and is often characterized as a comprehensive use of multiple control tactics to reduce pest status while minimizing economic and environmental costs. As the principal precursor of IPM, the integrated control concept formulated the economic theory behind pest management decisions and specified an applied methodology for carrying out pest control. Sampling, economic thresholds and selective insecticides were three of the critical elements of that methodology and are now considered indispensable to the goals of IPM. We examine each of these elements in the context of contemporaneous information as well as accumulated experience and knowledge required for their skillful implementation in an IPM program. We conclude that while IPM is principally about integrating control tactics into an effective and sustainable approach to pest control, this overarching goal can only be achieved through well-trained practitioners, knowledgeable of the tenets conceived in the integrated control concept that ultimately yield informed pest management. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry C1 [Castle, Steven; Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Castle, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. EM steven.castle@ars.usda.gov NR 98 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 24 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 65 IS 12 BP 1321 EP 1328 DI 10.1002/ps.1857 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 522IN UT WOS:000271991200009 PM 19842089 ER PT J AU Krishnan, HB Natarajan, SS AF Krishnan, Hari B. Natarajan, Savithiry S. TI A rapid method for depletion of Rubisco from soybean (Glycine max) leaf for proteomic analysis of lower abundance proteins SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rubisco; Plant leaf proteomics; Soybean; Glycine max; Leguminosae; Calcium; Phytate; Two-dimensional electrophoresis; Low abundance proteins ID POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL FRACTIONATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; PHYTATE AB 2-DE analysis of complex plant proteomes has limited dynamic resolution because only abundant proteins can be detected. Proteomic assessment of the low abundance proteins within leaf tissue is difficult when it is comprised of 30-50% of the CO2 fixation enzyme Rubisco. Resolution can be improved through depletion of Rubisco using fractionation techniques based upon different physiological or biochemical principles. We have developed a fast and simple fractionation technique using 10 mM Ca2+ and 10 mM phytate to precipitate Rubisco from soybean leaf soluble protein extract. This method is not only rapid, but also inexpensive, and capable of removing 85% of the extremely abundant Rubisco enzyme from soybean leaf soluble protein extract. This method allowed for roughly 230 previously inconspicuous protein spots in soybean leaf to be more easily detectable (3-fold increase in vol%) using fluorescent detection and allowed 28 phosphorylated proteins previously undetected, to be isolated and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Natarajan, Savithiry S.] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Krishnan, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Hari.Krishnan@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 23 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD DEC PY 2009 VL 70 IS 17-18 BP 1958 EP 1964 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.08.020 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 537FT UT WOS:000273099300005 PM 19766275 ER PT J AU Bacetty, AA Snook, ME Glenn, AE Noe, JP Hill, N Culbreath, A Timper, P Nagabhyru, P Bacon, CW AF Bacetty, A. A. Snook, M. E. Glenn, A. E. Noe, J. P. Hill, N. Culbreath, A. Timper, P. Nagabhyru, P. Bacon, C. W. TI Toxicity of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Alkaloids and Grass Metabolites on Pratylenchus scribneri SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Festuca arundinacea; fungal endophyte; Lolium arundinaceum; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; NEOTYPHODIUM-COENOPHIALUM; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; LESION NEMATODE; ERGOT ALKALOIDS; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; C-ELEGANS AB Neotyphodium coenophialum, an endophytic fungus associated with tall fescue grass, enhances host fitness and imparts pest resistance. This symbiotum is implicated in the reduction of stresses, including plant-parasitic nematodes. To substantiate this implication, toxicological effects of root extracts, polyphenolic fraction, ergot, and loline alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fescue were investigated using Pratylenchus scribneri, a nematode pest of tall fescue. In vitro bioassays and greenhouse studies were used as tests for effects of root fractions and compounds on motility and mortality of this lesion nematode. Greenhouse studies revealed that endophyte-infected tall fescue grasses are essentially nonhosts to P. scribneri, with root populations averaging 3 to 17 nematodes/pot, compared with 4,866 and 8,450 nematodes/pot for noninfected grasses. The in vitro assay indicated that root extracts from infected tall fescues were nematistatic. Polyphenols identified in extracts included chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids, caffeic acid, and two unidentified compounds, but these were not correlated with endophyte status, qualitatively or quantitatively. Tests of several ergot alkaloids revealed that ergovaline and a-ergocryptine were nematicidal at 5 and 50 mu g/ml, respectively, while ergocornine and ergonovine were nematistatic at most concentrations. Loline (N-formylloline), the pyrrolizidine alkaloid tested, was nematicidal (50 to 200 mu g/ml). The ecological benefits of the metabolites tested here should assist in defining their role in deterring this nematode species while offering some probable mechanisms of action against plant-parasitic nematodes in general. C1 [Bacetty, A. A.; Snook, M. E.; Glenn, A. E.; Bacon, C. W.] USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Bacetty, A. A.; Noe, J. P.; Culbreath, A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Hill, N.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Timper, P.] USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Nagabhyru, P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. EM charles.bacon@ars.usda.gov RI Nagabhyru, Padmaja/B-4263-2014 FU USDA-ARS [200506271031]; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky FX We thank D. M. Hinton, USDA-ARS, for technical advice; C. Schardl, University Kentucky, USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement Grant 200506271031 and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky for his assistance and donation of loline; S. Meyer, P. Crowley, and C. Masler, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, for their technical expertise concerning nematode bioassay and the sterile nematode culture used in this work; H. F. Harrison, U. S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Charleston, NC, for supplying an authentic sample of 3,5-DICQA; T. Mitchell, USDA-ARS, for his assistance with chemical analyses; and D. Woods, University of Georgia, for his work and assistance with the tall fescue cv. Jesup. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1336 EP 1345 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-12-1336 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 537RJ UT WOS:000273130900001 PM 19899999 ER PT J AU Parnell, S Gottwald, TR van den Bosch, F Gilligan, CA AF Parnell, S. Gottwald, T. R. van den Bosch, F. Gilligan, C. A. TI Optimal Strategies for the Eradication of Asiatic Citrus Canker in Heterogeneous Host Landscapes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AXONOPODIS PV.-CITRI; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SPREAD; FLORIDA; POPULATIONS; EPIDEMIC; SIMULATION; WINDBREAKS; DYNAMICS; MODELS AB The eradication of nonnative plant pathogens is a key challenge in plant disease epidemiology. Asiatic citrus canker is an economically significant disease of citrus caused by the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The pathogen is a major exotic disease problem in many citrus producing areas of the world including the United States, Brazil, and Australia. Various eradication attempts have been made on the disease but have been associated with significant social and economic costs due to the necessary removal of large numbers of host trees. In this paper, a spatially explicit stochastic simulation model of Asiatic citrus canker is introduced that describes an epidemic of the disease in a heterogeneous host landscape. We show that an optimum eradication strategy can be determined that minimizes the adverse costs associated with eradication. In particular, we show how the optimum strategy and its total cost depend on the topological arrangement of the host landscape. We discuss the implications of the results for invading plant disease epidemics in general and for historical and future eradication attempts on Asiatic citrus canker. C1 [Parnell, S.; Gottwald, T. R.] Rothamsted Res, Ctr Math & Computat Biol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Parnell, S.; van den Bosch, F.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Gilligan, C. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. RP Parnell, S (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Ctr Math & Computat Biol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM stephen.parnell@bbsrc.ac.uk RI parnell, stephen/I-7682-2015 OI parnell, stephen/0000-0002-2625-4557 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC); United States Department of Agriculture FX S. Parnell was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the United States Department of Agriculture. Rothamsted Research receives support from the BBSRC. C. A. Gilligan gratefully acknowledges the support of a BBSRC professorial fellowship. NR 31 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1370 EP 1376 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-12-1370 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 537RJ UT WOS:000273130900005 PM 19900003 ER PT J AU Mekuria, TA Gutha, LR Martin, RR Naidu, RA AF Mekuria, Tefera A. Gutha, Linga R. Martin, Robert R. Naidu, Rayapati A. TI Genome Diversity and Intra- and Interspecies Recombination Events in Grapevine fanleaf virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARABIS-MOSAIC-VIRUS; VECTOR XIPHINEMA-INDEX; NEMATODE VECTOR; GENETIC-VARIABILITY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; COAT PROTEIN; NEPOVIRUS; RNA2; ISOLATE; TRANSMISSION AB Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) was documented in self-rooted vines of four grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivars in eastern Washington. GFLV was found as mixed infection in cvs. Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Cabernet Franc and as single infections in cv. Merlot. Fanleaf disease symptoms were only observed in the first two cultivars. The spatial distribution of GFLV-infected grapevines was random, suggesting primary spread through planting virus-infected cuttings rather than infield transmission. RNA1 sequences of Washington isolates showed 87 to 89% nucleotide sequence identity between them and with strain F13. RNA2 of Washington isolates was variable in size, showing 85 to 99% sequence identity between them and 81 to 92% with other isolates. As in other GFLV isolates, three conserved putative stem-loop structures were present in the 5' noncoding regions of both RNAs of Washington isolates. Phylogenetic incongruence of GFLV isolates from Washington in 2A(HP)- and 2B(MP)-based trees and identification of putative recombination events suggested that their genomic RNA2 originated from inter-and intraspecies recombination events between GFLV, Grapevine deformation virus, and Arabis mosaic virus. These results confirm interspecies recombination in RNA2 of grapevine-infecting nepoviruses as an important strategy for GFLV evolution. C1 [Mekuria, Tefera A.; Gutha, Linga R.; Naidu, Rayapati A.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Martin, Robert R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Naidu, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM naidu@wsu.edu FU Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA); United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Northwest Center; USDACSREES [0528]; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center [WNPO 0616]; Washington State University [99164-6240] FX This work was supported in part by Washington State University's Agricultural Research Center and Extension Issue-focused Team internal competitive grant, Washington Wine Commission's Wine Advisory Committee, Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) Nursery Assessment Funds and WSDA Specialty Crops Block Grant Program, Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research, and USDACSREES Viticulture Consortium-West. PPNS no. 0528, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences Agricultural Research Center Project No. WNPO 0616, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-6240. We thank M. Nita, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, for helping with statistical analysis. NR 57 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1394 EP 1402 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-12-1394 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 537RJ UT WOS:000273130900008 PM 19900006 ER PT J AU Lygin, AV Li, SX Vittal, R Widholm, JM Hartman, GL Lozovaya, VV AF Lygin, Anatoliy V. Li, Shuxian Vittal, Ramya Widholm, Jack M. Hartman, Glen L. Lozovaya, Vera V. TI The Importance of Phenolic Metabolism to Limit the Growth of Phakopsora pachyrhizi SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; SOYBEAN HAIRY ROOTS; F-SP GLYCINEA; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; PHYTOPHTHORA-MEGASPERMA; PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CAUSAL AGENT; RUST AB Understanding the metabolic responses of the plant to a devastating foliar disease, soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, will assist in development of cultivars resistant to soybean rust. In this study, differences in phenolic metabolism were analyzed between inoculated and noninoculated plants using two susceptible and three resistant soybean genotypes with known resistance genes. Rust infection resulted in increased accumulation of isoflavonoids and flavonoids in leaves of all soybean genotypes tested. Although the soybean phytoalexin glyceollin was not detected in leaves of uninfected plants, accumulation of this compound at marked levels occurred in rust-infected leaves, being substantially higher in genotypes with a red-brown resistant reaction. In addition, there was inhibition of P. pachyrhizi spore germination by glyceollin, formononetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. However, there was no correlation between concentrations of flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol and rust-induced isoflavonoid formononetin in soybean leaves and rust resistance. Lignin synthesis also increased in all inoculated soybean genotypes whereas there was no significant difference in all noninoculated soybean genotypes. Cell wall lignification was markedly higher in inoculated resistant lines compared with inoculated susceptible lines, indicating a possible protective role of lignin in rust infection development. C1 [Lygin, Anatoliy V.; Vittal, Ramya; Widholm, Jack M.; Hartman, Glen L.; Lozovaya, Vera V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Li, Shuxian] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Lozovaya, VV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1201 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lozovaya@illinois.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research C-FAR; Illinois Soybean Association; United Soybean Board; Illinois Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center; Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station; United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research [802309] FX This study was supported in part by funds from the Illinois Council on Food and Agricultural Research C-FAR; checkoff funds from the Illinois Soybean Association; the United Soybean Board; the Illinois Soybean Disease Biotechnology Center; the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station; and the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Hatch project no. 802309. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1412 EP 1420 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-12-1412 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 537RJ UT WOS:000273130900010 PM 19900008 ER PT J AU Braun, SE Sanderson, JP Nelson, EB Daughtrey, ML Wraight, SP AF Braun, S. E. Sanderson, J. P. Nelson, E. B. Daughtrey, M. L. Wraight, S. P. TI Fungus Gnat Feeding and Mechanical Wounding Inhibit Pythium aphanidermatum Infection of Geranium Seedlings SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRADYSIA-IMPATIENS DIPTERA; SCIARIDAE; DEFENSE; RESPONSES; HERBIVORES; TRANSMISSION; ARABIDOPSIS; COPROPHILA; GREENHOUSE; EXPRESSION AB A series of laboratory tests were conducted to investigate potential effects of fungus gnat (Bradysia impatiens) feeding damage on susceptibility of geranium seedlings (Pelargonium x hortorum) to infection by the root rot pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum. Effects were compared with those from similar tests in which the seedlings were mechanically wounded by severing the root tip with a scalpel. Assays of geranium seedlings in petri dishes revealed a pronounced negative fungus gnat-Pythium interaction, with exposure to fungus gnat larvae 24 h prior to inoculation with P. aphanidermatum zoospores resulting in up to 47% fewer seedling deaths than would have been expected if the two agents had acted independently. Similar results were observed when seedlings were subjected to mechanical wounding 24 h prior to zoospore inoculation. In contrast, no interaction occurred when seedlings were mechanically wounded immediately prior to inoculation. The degree of plant damage inflicted by the feeding activities of the larval fungus gnats had no significant effect on the combined damage from fungus gnats and Pythium in petri dishes. Ancillary studies showed that Pythium development on V8 agar was not inhibited by the presence of fungus gnat-associated microorganisms, nor were seedlings inoculated with these microbes less susceptible to Pythium infection. The precise mechaism or mechanisms underlying the observed interactions were not elucidated; however, the results strongly suggest that both fungus gnat feeding and mechanical wounding activated systemic defenses that made the seedlings more resistant to Pythium infection. C1 [Braun, S. E.; Sanderson, J. P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nelson, E. B.; Daughtrey, M. L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wraight, S. P.] USDA ARS, Robert H Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Braun, SE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM sea35@cornell.edu FU USDA-ARS [58-1907-4-447] FX This research was funded in part through a Specific Cooperative Agreement between the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Protection Research Unit and the Cornell University Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY (Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-1907-4-447) funded by the USDAARS, as part of the Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. We thank M. Ramos and K. C. Bennett for technical support and L. Castrillo, A. Jack, and M. Ramos for providing useful comments on the manuscript. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD DEC PY 2009 VL 99 IS 12 BP 1421 EP 1428 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-99-12-1421 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 537RJ UT WOS:000273130900011 PM 19900009 ER PT J AU Thilmony, R Guttman, M Thomson, JG Blechl, AE AF Thilmony, Roger Guttman, Mara Thomson, James G. Blechl, Ann E. TI The LP2 leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase gene promoter directs organ-specific, light-responsive expression in transgenic rice SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE plant biotechnology; GUS; GFP; leucine-rich repeat-receptor kinase ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS; CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; REGULATORY ELEMENTS; RUBI3 GENE; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AB P>Biotechnologists seeking to limit gene expression to nonseed tissues of genetically engineered cereal crops have only a few choices of well characterized organ-specific promoters. We have isolated and characterized the promoter of the rice Leaf Panicle 2 gene (LP2, Os02g40240). The LP2 gene encodes a leucine-rich repeat-receptor kinase-like protein that is strongly expressed in leaves and other photosynthetic tissues. Transgenic rice plants containing an LP2 promoter-GUS::GFP bifunctional reporter gene displayed an organ-specific pattern of expression. This expression corresponded to transcript levels observed on RNA blots of various rice organs and microarray gene expression data. The strongest beta-glucuronidase activity was observed in histochemically stained mesophyll cells, but other green tissues and leaf cell types including epidermal cells also exhibited expression. Low or undetectable levels of LP2 transcript and LP2-mediated reporter gene expression were observed in roots, mature seeds, and reproductive tissues. The LP2 promoter is highly responsive to light and only weak expression was detected in etiolated rice seedlings. The specificity and strength of the LP2 promoter suggests that this promoter will be a useful control element for green tissue-specific expression in rice and potentially other plants. Organ-specific promoters like LP2 will enable precise, localized expression of transgenes in biotechnology-derived crops and limit the potential of unintended impacts on plant physiology and the environment. C1 [Thilmony, Roger; Guttman, Mara; Thomson, James G.; Blechl, Ann E.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Thilmony, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM roger.thilmony@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project [5325-21000-002-00D] FX The authors thank Dawn Chiniquy for technical assistance in generating the transgenic rice lines and John Vogel and Yong Gu for critical reading of the manuscript. This research was supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5325-21000-002-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 76 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-7644 J9 PLANT BIOTECHNOL J JI Plant Biotechnol. J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 7 IS 9 BP 867 EP 882 DI 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00449.x PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 517US UT WOS:000271644800004 PM 19781006 ER PT J AU Agrama, HA Yan, WG AF Agrama, H. A. Yan, W. G. TI Association mapping of straighthead disorder induced by arsenic in Oryza sativa SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE straighthead disorder; Oryza; unified mixed-model; population structure; genetic diversity; linkage disequilibrium; principal component ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; SPRING BARLEY CULTIVARS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; FLOWERING TIME; COMPLEX TRAITS; RICE GERMPLASM; DIVERSITY; MAIZE AB P>Straighthead is a physiological disorder in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resulting in sterile florets, poorly developed panicles and yield loss. Because of its sporadic nature and unidentified causes for the disorder, molecular marker assisted selection is essential for resistance improvement in breeding programmes. To take advantage of recent advances in gene-mapping technology, we executed a genome-wide association mapping to identify genetic regions associated with straighthead disorder using 547 accessions of germplasm from the USDA rice core collection. Straighthead was evaluated in arsenic treated soil and genotyping was conducted with 75 molecular markers covering the entire rice genome about every 25 cM. A mixed-linear model approach combining the principal component assignments with kinship estimates proved to be particularly promising for association mapping. The extent of linkage disequilibrium was described among the markers. Six markers were found to be significantly associated with straighthead, explaining 35% of the total phenotypic variation. However, only two SSR markers, RM413 and RM277 on chromosome 5 and 12, respectively, have a significant association with low rating indicating straighthead resistance. Confirmation of the marker-straighthead association using segregating populations is necessary before marker-assisted selection can be applied. C1 [Agrama, H. A.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Yan, W. G.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Agrama, HA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, 2900 Highway 130E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM hagrama@uark.edu NR 47 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 128 IS 6 BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01631.x PG 8 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 524GI UT WOS:000272131400002 ER PT J AU Santra, DK Santra, M Allan, RE Campbell, KG Kidwell, KK AF Santra, D. K. Santra, M. Allan, R. E. Campbell, K. G. Kidwell, K. K. TI Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Vernalization Genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1 in Spring Wheat Germplasm from the Pacific Northwest Region of the USA SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; near isogenic line; vernalization; spring growth habit; wheat breeding ID GROWTH HABIT; ALLELIC VARIATION; WINTER HABIT; BREAD WHEAT; CULTIVARS; BARLEY; TIME; VRN1 AB The objective of this study was to determine the Vrn-1 allelic composition of spring wheat germplasm from the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. Individual plants from 56 spring wheat lines were crossed to near-isogenic tester lines carrying the dominant allele Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 or Vrn-D1. F(2) progeny were evaluated for growth habit in the field and Vrn-1 allelic composition was determined through chi-square analysis. Lines also were analysed with DNA sequence-based Vrn-1 allele-specific markers. A majority of the germplasm carried the dominant allele Vrn-A1a alone or in combination with Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1 or Vrn-B3 alleles. Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 were almost always associated with other dominant Vrn-1 allele(s). Based on DNA sequence analysis, a novel Vrn-B1 allele referred to as Vrn-B1b, which carried a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and a 36 bp deletion, was identified in cultivar 'Alpowa'. These results will be useful to wheat breeders for choosing parents with different Vrn-1 alleles for crossing to maximize diversity at the Vrn-1 loci with an expectation of identifying superior Vrn-1 allelic combinations for cultivar improvement. C1 [Allan, R. E.; Campbell, K. G.] ARS, USDA, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Santra, D. K.; Santra, M.; Kidwell, K. K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Santra, DK (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Dept Agron & Hort, Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. EM dsantra2@unl.edu FU Washington Wheat Commission; O. A. Vogel Fund; Washington State University FX We acknowledge Gary Shelton for his assistance in coordinating and collecting growth habit data from the field, Melissa McClendon for technical assistance in marker analysis, Dr. P. N. Rajesh for technical advice on cloning and gene sequencing, and Dr. Ed Souza for assisting with the F2 seed increases. We thank the Washington Wheat Commission, the O. A. Vogel Fund and Washington State University for providing financial support for this research. NR 26 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 128 IS 6 BP 576 EP 584 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01681.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 524GI UT WOS:000272131400005 ER PT J AU Kong, L Anderson, JM Ohm, HW AF Kong, L. Anderson, J. M. Ohm, H. W. TI Segregation distortion in common wheat of a segment of Thinopyrum intermedium chromosome 7E carrying Bdv3 and development of a Bdv3 marker SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; DNA marker; preferential transmission; barley yellow dwarf virus ID BARLEY YELLOW DWARF; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LEAF-RUST RESISTANCE; VIRUS-RESISTANCE; TRANSLOCATION LINES; BREAD WHEAT; AGROPYRON CHROMOSOME; MOLECULAR MARKER; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION AB Yellow dwarf (YD) disease is one of the most destructive diseases of cereals worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-Thinopyrum intermedium 7E(7D) substitution line P29 carries resistance to YD, known as Bdv3, that originates on the long arm of chromosome 7E of Th. intermedium, and the resistance was introgressed into wheat chromosome 7D as T7DS.7DL-7EL in the translocation lines P961341 and P98134. Until now, quantification of YD viruses in cereal crops was usually done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is time consuming and laborious. To facilitate this analysis, SSR-Bdv3, a diagnostic molecular marker, was developed in this study. The transmission of the Th. intermedium segment with Bdv3 was investigated using the SSR-Bdv3 marker and ELISA in F(2) and testcross progeny derived by crossing two wheat-Th. intermedium translocation lines to four common wheat cultivars. A Th. intermedium chromosome 7E segment in the translocation line P98134 was preferentially transmitted through male gametes in all of its crosses with the four wheat cultivars. However, the transmission frequency of the Th. intermedium 7E segment in another wheat-Th. intermedium translocation line, P961341, varied in different genetic backgrounds. The F(2) populations from reciprocal crosses of Chinese Spring and P961341 showed good fits to the expected ratio of 1 : 2 : 1. In this study, male preferential transmission for either chromosome 7E or chromosome 7D was observed in the progeny derived by crossing P961341 to other wheat cultivars. C1 [Kong, L.; Anderson, J. M.; Ohm, H. W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kong, L.; Anderson, J. M.; Ohm, H. W.] Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, ARS, 915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM hohm@purdue.edu FU National Research Initiative; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; Wheat CAP [2005-05130]; USDA-ARS; CRIS [3602-21220-008, 3602-21220-008-03S] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative, USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Wheat CAP grant number 2005-05130 and USDA-ARS, CRIS No. 3602-21220-008 and 3602-21220-008-03S. We are grateful to Katherine A. Card (USDA-ARS) for doing the virus inoculations and ELISA testing. We thank Phillip Larkin, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia, for providing seeds of the wheat cultivar 'Mackellar'. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, trade name or commercial product in this article is solely for the purpose of providing scientific information; it does not constitute a guarantee, warranty, recommendation, or endorsement by USDA and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products that also may be suitable. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 128 IS 6 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01641.x PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 524GI UT WOS:000272131400007 ER PT J AU Vick, BA Cook, LW Jan, CC AF Vick, B. A. Cook, L. W. Jan, C. C. TI Characterization of a green non-dormant sunflower (Helianthus annuus) mutant NDG SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE sunflower; Helianthus annuus; non-dormancy; mutant ID ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC-ACID; SEED DORMANCY; EMBRYO DORMANCY; GERMINATION; ARABIDOPSIS; RELEASE; MATURATION; INDUCTION; NETWORKS; MAIZE AB A sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutant was observed in the progeny of a cross between the sunflower cultivar 'HA 89' and an amphiploid of a Helianthus divaricatus L. x P21 cross that exhibited loss of dormancy induction in the developing embryo. Seeds of this mutant frequently germinate on the head about 40 days after pollination. The cotyledons of this mutant remain green, whereas some other non-dormant mutants exhibit loss of pigmentation. The objectives of this investigation were to compare levels and activities of abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone that induces dormancy in developing embryos, in the non-dormant green mutant (NDG) and 'HA 89' from which NDG was derived. Immunoassays showed that abscisic acid was present in NDG and the levels were not significantly different from those in 'HA 89'. Exposure of excised NDG mutant embryos to 40 mu m abscisic acid failed to prevent germination, suggesting that non-dormancy could result from impairment in ABA receptors or from a defect in other proteins participating in the subsequent signalling pathway that normally induces dormancy. C1 [Vick, B. A.; Cook, L. W.; Jan, C. C.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Vick, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM brady.vick@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0179-9541 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 128 IS 6 BP 645 EP 650 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01624.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 524GI UT WOS:000272131400014 ER PT J AU Pokou, ND N'Goran, JAK Lachenaud, P Eskes, AB Motamayor, JC Schnell, R Kolesnikova-Allen, M Clement, D Sangare, A AF Pokou, N. D. N'Goran, J. A. K. Lachenaud, Ph. Eskes, A. B. Motamayor, J. C. Schnell, R. Kolesnikova-Allen, M. Clement, D. Sangare, A. TI Recurrent selection of cocoa populations in Cote d'Ivoire: comparative genetic diversity between the first and second cycles (vol 128, pg 514, 2009) SO PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Correction C1 [Pokou, N. D.; N'Goran, J. A. K.; Sangare, A.] CNRA, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. [Lachenaud, Ph.] Ctr Cooperat Int Rech Agron Dev, CIRAD Bios, UPR Bioagresseurs Perennes, TA A31 02, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Eskes, A. B.] INIBAP, Biovers Int CIRAD, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. [Motamayor, J. C.; Schnell, R.] ARS, USDA, Miami, FL USA. [Kolesnikova-Allen, M.] IITA, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria. RP Pokou, ND (reprint author), CNRA, 01 BP,1740 Abidjan 01, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. EM pokoudesire@yahoo.fr NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0179-9541 EI 1439-0523 J9 PLANT BREEDING JI Plant Breed. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 128 IS 6 BP 716 EP 716 PG 1 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 524GI UT WOS:000272131400025 ER PT J AU Sun, QR Sun, HY Bell, RL Xin, L AF Sun, Qingrong Sun, Hongyan Bell, Richard L. Xin, Li TI Effect of polyvinyl alcohol on in vitro rooting capacity of shoots in pear clones (Pyrus communis L.) of different ploidy SO PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE LA English DT Article DE Pyrus communis; Polyploid clones; Polyvinyl alcohol; In vitro shoots; Rooting ID MICROPROPAGATION; INVITRO; GROWTH; PLANTS; ESTABLISHMENT; CULTIVARS; SOILS AB Poor adventitious root formation is a major obstacle in micropropagation. In this study, intense efforts have been made for improvement of rooting procedures for triploid, tetraploid and mixploid clones of the pear cultivar 'Fertility' obtained by in vitro colchicine treatment. An efficient rooting procedure has been developed for the pear clones of different ploidy by adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to the rooting medium. PVA significantly improved rooting percentage and root number per plantlet for diploid, triploid and tetraploid clones. However, PVA had little or no effect on rooting capacity of mixploid clones. The efficiency of in vitro rooting in diploid, triploid, tetraploid and mixploid is highly genotype-dependent. In general, diploid was the highest, followed by triploid and tetraploid, mixploid was the lowest. C1 [Sun, Qingrong; Sun, Hongyan; Xin, Li] Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 27100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Bell, Richard L.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sun, QR (reprint author), Shandong Inst Pomol, Tai An 27100, Shandong, Peoples R China. EM qingrongsun@hotmail.com FU Shandong Early Outstanding Scientist Award Foundation [01DS48]; Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan [2008GG2HZ09018]; Shandong Natural Science Foundation [Y2008D50] FX This research was supported by Shandong Early Outstanding Scientist Award Foundation project (01DS48) and Shandong Science and Technology Development Plan poject (2008GG2HZ09018) and Shandong Natural Science Foundation (Y2008D50). NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6857 J9 PLANT CELL TISS ORG JI Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1007/s11240-009-9604-0 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 515WP UT WOS:000271503900007 ER PT J AU Gadoury, DM Andrews, J Baumgartner, K Burr, TJ Kennelly, MM Lichens-Park, A MacDonald, J Savary, S Scherm, H Tally, A Wang, GL AF Gadoury, David M. Andrews, John Baumgartner, Kendra Burr, Thomas J. Kennelly, Megan M. Lichens-Park, Ann MacDonald, James Savary, Serge Scherm, Harald Tally, Allison Wang, Guo-Liang TI What Does the Future Hold for the Profession? SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY C1 [Gadoury, David M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14850 USA. [Andrews, John] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baumgartner, Kendra] Univ Calif Davis, ARS, USDA, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Burr, Thomas J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Geneva, NY USA. [Burr, Thomas J.] Cornell Univ, Cornells New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY USA. [Kennelly, Megan M.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Lichens-Park, Ann] Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Washington, DC USA. [MacDonald, James] Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Savary, Serge] Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. [Scherm, Harald] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tally, Allison] Syngenta Crop Protect, Greensboro, NC USA. [Wang, Guo-Liang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Gadoury, DM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14850 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1228 EP 1237 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1228 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532NT UT WOS:000272756900001 ER PT J AU Pedley, KF AF Pedley, Kerry F. TI PCR-Based Assays for the Detection of Puccinia horiana on Chrysanthemums SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; RUST PATHOGENS; X MORIFOLIUM; WHITE RUST; DIAGNOSTICS AB Puccinia horiana, the causal agent of chrysanthemum while rust, is a pathogen of quarantine status in Many Countries where Chrysanthemum x morifolium cultivars are grown. Historically, identification protocols for white rust relied upon macroscopic symptom development and microscopic examination of infected leaves for tehospores. Symptoms become visible 7 to 10 days after Initial infection under favorable conditions followed by the production of teha. Infected plants can therefore evade detection before symptoms and fruiting bodies ire evident Conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to detect P. horiana using primers designed to amplify portions of the Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) The species-specific primers, could defect the pathogen front I ng of DNA isolated from infected leaf tissue in conventional PCR assays and from 1 pg in real-time PCR assays. While both assays were capable of delecting P horiana in symptomatic tissue, the greater sensitivity offered by the real-time PCR assay makes it more reliable for detecting the pathogen during the latent stage of infection. The R horiana printers did not amplify the rDNA target using DNA isolated from leaf tissue infected with P. chrysanthemum C1 ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Pedley, KF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1252 EP 1258 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1252 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532NT UT WOS:000272756900003 ER PT J AU Holmes, EA Spurgeon, DW Colyer, PD Davis, RM AF Holmes, E. A. Spurgeon, D. W. Colyer, P. D. Davis, R. M. TI New Genotypes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp vasinfectum from the Southeastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; VEGETATIVE-COMPATIBILITY; GENE GENEALOGIES; COTTON-WILT; RACES; EVOLUTION; DISEASE AB Sixty-one isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f sp vasinfectum were collected from cotton plants (Gossypium spp.) with symptoms of Fusarium wilt to determine The composition of races present in the southeastern United States Analysis of partial sequences of the translation elongation factor gene revealed four mean genotypes, as well its the presence of races 3 and 8 for the first time in the United States outside of California The majority of isolates ( 16 of 27) sampled From Arkansas were novel genotypes A upset of isolate,; representing the novel genotypes was compared with previously described races using sequences from translation elongation factor. phosphate permase, and beta-tubulin genes and their pathogenicity oil a total of six Upland (Gossypium hurstum) and Pima (G barbadense) cotton cultivars. Two of the novel genotypes belonged to a clade containing races 1. 2. 4, 6. and 4 and two shared ancesti-v with race 3 All new genotypes were pathogenic to at least some of the cotton cultivars tested. The Pima cv Phytogen 800 wits relatively resistant to all genotypes of the pathogen These results indicate that the population of F. oxysporum f sp vasinfectum in the southeastern United States is more diverse than previously recognized C1 [Holmes, E. A.; Davis, R. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Spurgeon, D. W.] ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. [Colyer, P. D.] Red River Res Stn, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Bossier City, LA 71113 USA. RP Davis, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 EI 1943-7692 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1298 EP 1304 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1298 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532NT UT WOS:000272756900009 ER PT J AU Sood, SG Comstock, JC Glynn, NC AF Sood, Sushma G. Comstock, Jack C. Glynn, Neil C. TI Leaf Whorl Inoculation Method for Screening Sugarcane Rust Resistance SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-MELANOCEPHALA; ORANGE RUST; 1ST REPORT; INOCULUM DENSITY; CAUSAL AGENT; KUEHNII; CULTIVARS AB Brown rust. caused by Puccimia melanocephala, and orange rust, caused by P kuehnii. are. agronomically important diseases of sugarcane in Florida Cultivar resistance is the best means 4 controlling these diseases Natural I infection has been the primary means of assessing resistance in sugarcane cultivars against rusts unfortunately, natural infection is not always efficient in identifying, resistant cultivars due to variable environmental conditions Therefore, a more reliable were rule method is needed to effectively select resistant genotypes. An inoculation technique was evaluated for identification of brown and orange rust resistance in sugarcane cutlivars, Inoculations were performed in the field by placing it 0.5-ml urediniospore suspension in the leaf whorl of three individual sugarcane stalks per plan,. using a pipette Symptoms developed on leaves of all the susceptible cultivars after 4 weeks, and appeared as a band Of pustules Plants were rated for their reaction to rust 4 weeks after inoculation The optimum concentrations of inoculum for expression of brown and orange I List symptoms were determined The most severe brown rust and orange rust Symptoms were observed using inoculum containing 10(5) and 10(4) urediniospores/ml. respectively Clones in several stages of the Canal Point Weeding program were screened for them rust reaction by leaf whole inoculation The technique enabled rapid screening of a large number of cultivars in field plantings using it small amount of inoculum and limited man hours. C1 [Sood, Sushma G.; Comstock, Jack C.; Glynn, Neil C.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Sood, SG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1335 EP 1340 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1335 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532NT UT WOS:000272756900015 ER PT J AU Flores, RC Loyo, JR Ojeda, RA Rangel, OCA Ceron, FA Marquez, W Guerra-Moreno, AS Hernandez-Ibarra, HM Gonzalez, RE Panama, SA Castlebury, LA Dixon, LJ Glynn, NC Comstock, JC Flynn, J Amador, J AF Flores, R. C. Loyo, J. R. Ojeda, R. A. Rangel, O. C. A. Ceron, F. A. Marquez, W. Guerra-Moreno, A. S. Hernandez-Ibarra, H. M. Gonzalez, R. E. Panama, S. A. Castlebury, L. A. Dixon, L. J. Glynn, N. C. Comstock, J. C. Flynn, J. Amador, J. TI First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccima kuehnit in Mexico, El Salvador, and Panama SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID AGENT C1 [Flores, R. C.; Loyo, J. R.; Ojeda, R. A.; Rangel, O. C. A.] Camara Nacl Ind Azuearera & Alcoholera, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Ceron, F. A.; Marquez, W.] Grp CASSA, Sonsonate, El Salvador. [Panama, S. A.; Castlebury, L. A.; Dixon, L. J.] ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Glynn, N. C.; Comstock, J. C.] ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, USDA, Canal Point, FL USA. [Flynn, J.] Kleentek, Houma, LA USA. [Amador, J.] Texas AgriLife Res, McAllen, TX USA. RP Flores, RC (reprint author), Camara Nacl Ind Azuearera & Alcoholera, Rio Niagara 11, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1347 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1347B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532NT UT WOS:000272756900021 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ Lartey, RT Caesar-TonThat, T AF Caesar, A. J. Lartey, R. T. Caesar-TonThat, T. TI First Report of a Root and Crown Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani on Centaurea stoebe in Russia SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Caesar, A. J.; Lartey, R. T.; Caesar-TonThat, T.] ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1350 EP 1350 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1350A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532NT UT WOS:000272756900028 ER PT J AU Stewart, TE Allen, PS Meyer, SE AF Stewart, T. E. Allen, P. S. Meyer, S. E. TI First Report of Pyrenophora seminiperda in Turkey and Greece SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID SEMENIPERDA; SEEDS C1 [Stewart, T. E.; Allen, P. S.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84604 USA. [Meyer, S. E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Stewart, TE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84604 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 93 IS 12 BP 1351 EP 1351 DI 10.1094/PDIS-93-12-1351B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532NT UT WOS:000272756900032 ER PT J AU Du, J Mansfield, SD Groover, AT AF Du, Juan Mansfield, Shawn D. Groover, Andrew T. TI The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX2 regulates cell differentiation during secondary growth SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cell wall synthesis; class I KNOX; lignification; forest trees; wood development ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; KNOX HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEINS; ARABIDOPSIS SHOOT; INFLORESCENCE ARCHITECTURE; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; HYBRID ASPEN; TENSION WOOD; EXPRESSION; BREVIPEDICELLUS AB P>The stem cells of the vascular cambium divide to produce daughter cells, which in turn divide before undergoing differentiation during the radial growth of woody stems. The genetic regulation of these developmental events is poorly understood, however. We report here the cloning and functional characterization of a Populus class-I KNOX homeobox gene, ARBORKNOX2 (ARK2), which we show influences terminal cell differentiation and cell wall properties during secondary growth. In the early stages of secondary growth, ARK2 is expressed broadly in the cambial zone and in terminally differentiating cell types, before becoming progressively restricted to the cambium. ARK2 overexpression and synthetic miRNA-suppression transgenics reveal positive correlations between ARK2 expression level and the timing of cambium formation, the width of the cambial zone and inhibition of cambial daughter cell differentiation. These phenotypes in turn correlate with changes in the expression of genes affecting transcription, cell division, auxin and cell wall synthesis. Notably, wood properties associated with secondary cell wall synthesis are negatively associated with ARK2 expression, including lignin and cellulose content. Together, our results suggest that ARK2 functions primarily to regulate a complex suite of genes that together influence cell differentiation during secondary growth. We propose that ARK2 may represent a co-evolved transcriptional module that influences complex, adaptive wood properties. C1 [Du, Juan; Groover, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Mansfield, Shawn D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Groover, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us FU USDA NRI [2006-03387] FX We owe our thanks to Gayle Dupper for Populus tissue culture and cultivation, and Annie Mix for the glasshouse cultivation of plants. This work was supported by USDA NRI grant 2006-03387. NR 53 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 60 IS 6 BP 1000 EP 1014 DI 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.04017.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 530KN UT WOS:000272590000007 PM 19737362 ER PT J AU Klink, VP Hosseini, P Matsye, P Alkharouf, NW Matthews, BF AF Klink, Vincent P. Hosseini, Parsa Matsye, Prachi Alkharouf, Nadim W. Matthews, Benjamin F. TI A gene expression analysis of syncytia laser microdissected from the roots of the Glycine max (soybean) genotype PI 548402 (Peking) undergoing a resistant reaction after infection by Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Soybean; Glycine max; Soybean cyst nematode; SCN; Heterodera glycines; Microarray; Gene expression; Plant pathogen; Parasite; Affymetrix (R); Laser capture microdissection; Peking; PI 548402 ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; JASMONIC ACID; CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; DISEASE RESISTANCE; ACTIN GENE AB The syncytium is a nurse cell formed within the roots of Glycine max by the plant parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines. Its development and maintenance are essential for nematode survival. The syncytium appears to undergo two developmental phases during its maturation into a functional nurse cell. The first phase is a parasitism phase where the nematode establishes the molecular circuitry that during the second phase ensures a compatible interaction with the plant cell. The cytological features of syncytia undergoing susceptible or resistant reactions appear the same during the parasitism phase. Depending on the outcome of any defense response, the second phase is a period of syncytium maintenance (susceptible reaction) or failure (resistant reaction). In the analyses presented here, the localized gene expression occurring at the syncytium during the resistant reaction was studied. This was accomplished by isolating syncytial cells from Glycine max genotype Peking (PI 548402) by laser capture microdissection. Microarray analyses using the Affymetrix(A (R)) soybean GeneChip(A (R)) directly compared Peking syncytia undergoing a resistant reaction to those undergoing a susceptible reaction during the parasitism phase of the resistant reaction. Those analyses revealed lipoxygenase-9 and lipoxygenase-4 as the most highly induced genes in the resistant reaction. The analysis also identified induced levels of components of the phenylpropanoid pathway. These genes included phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone isomerase, isoflavone reductase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. The presence of induced levels of these genes implies the importance of jasmonic acid and phenylpropanoid signaling pathways locally at the site of the syncytium during the resistance phase of the resistant reaction. The analysis also identified highly induced levels of four S-adenosylmethionine synthetase genes, the EARLY-RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 2 gene and the 14-3-3 gene known as GENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR 2. Subsequent analyses studied microdissected syncytial cells at 3, 6 and 9 days post infection (dpi) during the course of the resistant reaction, resulting in the identification of signature gene expression profiles at each time point in a single G. max genotype, Peking. C1 [Klink, Vincent P.; Matsye, Prachi] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Klink, Vincent P.; Hosseini, Parsa; Matthews, Benjamin F.] USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hosseini, Parsa; Alkharouf, Nadim W.] Towson Univ, Jess & Mildred Fisher Coll Sci & Math, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. RP Klink, VP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Harned Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM vklink@biology.msstate.edu FU United Soybean Board [5214] FX The authors thank the United Soybean Board for their continued support provided by grant 5214. The authors thank Dr. David Munroe, Nina Bubunenko and Nicole Lum at the Laboratory of Molecular Technology, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA for the Affymetrix (R) soybean GeneChip (R) array hybridizations and data acquisition. Dr. Gary Lawrence, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University provided helpful insight into the analysis. The authors thank Veronica Martins at the United States Department of Agriculture, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, for careful editing of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 172 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 71 IS 6 BP 525 EP 567 DI 10.1007/s11103-009-9539-1 PG 43 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 521YG UT WOS:000271961900001 PM 19787434 ER PT J AU Gent, DH Nelson, ME Farnsworth, JL Grove, GG AF Gent, D. H. Nelson, M. E. Farnsworth, J. L. Grove, G. G. TI PCR detection of Pseudoperonospora humuli in air samples from hop yards SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerobiology; copper fungicide; disease management; Humulus lupulus; molecular disease detection; Pseudoperonospora cubensis ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DOWNY MILDEW; INFECTION; PERSISTENCE; PATHOGEN; INOCULUM; DISEASE; RISK AB Downy mildew of hop, caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli, is an important disease in most regions of hop production and is managed largely with regular fungicide applications. A PCR assay specific to P. humuli and the related organism P. cubensis was developed and used to monitor airborne inoculum in hop yards to initiate fungicide applications. The PCR amplified as little as 1 fg of genomic DNA of P. humuli, and yielded an amplicon in 70% of reactions when DNA was extracted from single sporangia. In the presence of 25 mg of soil, an amplicon was amplified in 90% of reactions when DNA was extracted from 10 or more sporangia. During nine location-years of validation, PCR detection of the pathogen in air samples occurred no later than 8 days after the appearance of trace levels of disease signs and/or detection of airborne spores in a volumetric spore sampler. Inoculum was detected on average 4 center dot 5 days before (range -8 to 14 days) the first appearance of basal spikes in six commercial yards, or 1 center dot 3 days after (range -5 to 1 days) sporangia were detected in a volumetric spore sampler in experimental plots. In commercial yards, use of PCR to initiate the first fungicide application led to enhanced disease control or a reduction in fungicide use in four of six yards compared to growers' standard practices. These results indicate that the efficiency and efficacy of hop downy mildew management can be improved when control measures are timed according to first detection of inoculum. C1 [Gent, D. H.] USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. [Nelson, M. E.; Grove, G. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Nelson, M. E.; Grove, G. G.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Farnsworth, J. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gent, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. EM gentd@onid.orst.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS, Washington State University [5358-21000-040-00D]; Hop Research Council; Washington Hop Commission FX Financial support was provided by USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-21000-040-00D, Washington State University, and grants from the Hop Research Council and the Washington Hop Commission. We thank Nanci Adair for excellent technical support, and the hop growers that allowed us access to their farms for this study. We also thank the many researchers that provided DNA and isolates for these studies. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1081 EP 1091 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02143.x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 517VB UT WOS:000271645900009 ER PT J AU Loguercio, LL Santos, LS Niella, GR Miranda, RAC de Souza, JT Collins, RT Pomella, AWV AF Loguercio, L. L. Santos, L. S. Niella, G. R. Miranda, R. A. C. de Souza, J. T. Collins, R. T. Pomella, A. W. V. TI Canopy-microclimate effects on the antagonism between Trichoderma stromaticum and Moniliophthora perniciosa in shaded cacao SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antagonistic interaction; biological control; environmental factors; logistic regression; Moniliophthora perniciosa; Theobroma cacao ID WITCHES-BROOM PATHOGEN; THEOBROMA-CACAO; CRINIPELLIS-PERNICIOSA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATIC CONDITIONS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; WETNESS DURATION; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; PLANT-DISEASE; THERMAL LAG AB The collective impact of several environmental factors on the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma stromaticum (Ts) against Moniliophthora perniciosa (Mp), the cause of cacao witches' broom disease, was assessed under field conditions of shaded cacao (Theobroma cacao) in south-eastern Bahia, Brazil. Biocontrol experiments were performed adjacent to an automated weather station, with sensors and Ts-treated brooms placed at different canopy heights. Sporulation occurred at the same dates for all Ts isolates, but in different quantities. Broom moisture > 30%, air temperature of approximately 23 +/- 3 degrees C, relative humidity > 90%, solar radiation intensities < 0 center dot 12 KW m-superset of and wind speed near zero were the key environmental parameters that preceded Ts sporulation events. A multiple logistic regression indicated that these weather variables combined were capable of distinguishing sporulation from non-sporulation events, with a significant effect of wind speed. Analyses of environmental factors at ground level indicated similar pre-sporulation conditions, with a soil moisture content above a threshold of 0 center dot 34 m3 m-3 preceding all sporulation events. The sporulation of five selected Ts isolates was compared at four different canopy heights. Isolates responded differently to weather variation in terms of sporulation and antagonism to Mp at different canopy levels, indicating that different microclimates are established along the vertical profile of a shaded cacao plantation. The potential of these findings for development of predictive mathematical models and disease-management approaches is discussed. C1 [Loguercio, L. L.; Santos, L. S.] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45662000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Niella, G. R.] Ctr Pesquisas Cacau CEPEC CEPLAC, BR-45600970 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Niella, G. R.] Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Inst Geociencias, BR-20550013 Maracana, RJ, Brazil. [de Souza, J. T.] UFRB, CCABA, BR-44380000 Cruz Das Almas, BA, Brazil. [Collins, R. T.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pomella, A. W. V.] Almirante Cacau Ltda, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, BA, Brazil. RP Loguercio, LL (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Rod BR 415,Km 16, BR-45662000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. EM leandro@uesc.br FU USDA-ARS/CEPLAC Cooperative SCA [58-1275-3-F101]; PADCT-CNPq (Brazil); MARS-Almirante Cacau; FAPESB (Bahia, Brazil) FX The authors are thankful to Mr Carlos Alberto Leal Santos, Antonio Gomes Galvao Filho and MSc Aitala Carvalho de Carvalho for their technical assistance, to Dr Mauricio Cetra for statistical advice, and to Drs Lyndell Meinhardt, Alison Stewart and Mark Braithwaite for the critical review of the manuscript. The research was funded by USDA-ARS/CEPLAC Cooperative SCA Agreement no. 58-1275-3-F101, PADCT-CNPq (Brazil) and MARS-Almirante Cacau. LSS was supported by a M.Sc. scholarship from FAPESB (Bahia, Brazil). NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1115 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02152.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 517VB UT WOS:000271645900011 ER PT J AU Polashock, JJ Caruso, FL Oudemans, PV McManus, PS Crouch, JA AF Polashock, J. J. Caruso, F. L. Oudemans, P. V. McManus, P. S. Crouch, J. A. TI The North American cranberry fruit rot fungal community: a systematic overview using morphological and phylogenetic affinities SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coleophoma empetri; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Phyllosticta vaccinii; Physalospora vaccinii; Vaccinium macrocarpon ID COLLETOTRICHUM-ACUTATUM; DNA; ANTHRACNOSE; DISEASE; COMPLEX; COMPATIBILITY; DIVERSITY; MICHIGAN; RFLPS; MTDNA AB Cranberry fruit rot (CFR) is caused by many species of fungi, with the contribution of any given species to the disease complex varying among plantings of Vaccinium macrocarpon within a site, sites within regions, and among regions and years. This study assessed the morphological and molecular variability of five widespread CFR-causing fungi: Phyllosticta vaccinii, Coleophoma empetri, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Physalospora vaccinii. Although the majority of isolates had morphological characteristics consistent with published descriptions, some were atypical. For example, non-chromogenic isolates of C. acutatum were recovered from British Columbia and white isolates of Physalospora vaccinii were recovered in addition to the more common dark isolates. On the basis of sequence analysis of the ITS and large subunit rDNA (LSU), it appears that Phyllosticta vaccinii, C. empetri, C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum are genetically uniform on cranberry in North America. This suggests the possibility that these fungal species were introduced to cultivated cranberries and concomitantly moved with planting material to new locations. In contrast, white isolates of Physalospora had ITS and LSU sequences distinct from those of their dark counterparts, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting that these isolates represent either different species or distinct members of highly divergent populations. Taxonomic placement of all species based on phylogenetic relationships was consistent with morphological placement, with the exception of Physalospora vaccinii. Unlike other Physalospora species, CFR isolates of Physalospora vaccinii were not allied with the Xylariomycetidae; instead, these fungi were members of the Sordariomycetidae. A deeper taxonomic analysis is needed to resolve this inconsistency in familial affiliation. C1 [Polashock, J. J.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Caruso, F. L.] Univ Massachusetts, Cranberry Expt Stn, E Wareham, MA 02538 USA. [Oudemans, P. V.] Rutgers State Univ, PE Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Exten, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [McManus, P. S.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Crouch, J. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Polashock, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. EM james.polashock@ars.usda.gov RI Crouch, Jo Anne/F-4322-2012; OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 58 IS 6 BP 1116 EP 1127 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02120.x PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 517VB UT WOS:000271645900012 ER PT J AU Joung, JG Corbett, AM Fellman, SM Tieman, DM Klee, HJ Giovannoni, JJ Fei, ZJ AF Joung, Je-Gun Corbett, Anthony M. Fellman, Shanna Moore Tieman, Denise M. Klee, Harry J. Giovannoni, James J. Fei, Zhangjun TI Plant MetGenMAP: An Integrative Analysis System for Plant Systems Biology SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-EXPRESSION; INTROGRESSION LINES; METABOLIC PATHWAYS; GENOME EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY DATA; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; TOMATO FRUITS; ARABIDOPSIS AB The information and resources generated from diverse "omics" technologies provide opportunities for producing novel biological knowledge. It is essential to integrate various kinds of biological information and large-scale omics data sets through systematic analysis in order to describe and understand complex biological phenomena. For this purpose, we have developed a Web-based system, Plant MetGenMAP, which can comprehensively integrate and analyze large-scale gene expression and metabolite profile data sets along with diverse biological information. Using this system, significantly altered biochemical pathways and biological processes under given conditions can be retrieved rapidly and efficiently, and transcriptional events and/or metabolic changes in a pathway can be easily visualized. In addition, the system provides a unique function that can identify candidate promoter motifs associated with the regulation of specific biochemical pathways. We demonstrate the functions and application of the system using data sets from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), respectively. The results obtained by Plant MetGenMAP can aid in a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie interesting biological phenomena and provide novel insights into the biochemical changes associated with them at the gene and metabolite levels. Plant MetGenMAP is freely available at http://bioinfo.bti.cornell.edu/tool/MetGenMAP. C1 [Joung, Je-Gun; Corbett, Anthony M.; Fellman, Shanna Moore; Giovannoni, James J.; Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tieman, Denise M.; Klee, Harry J.] Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Giovannoni, James J.; Fei, Zhangjun] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Fei, ZJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zf25@cornell.edu RI Klee, Harry/A-7912-2008; OI Fei, Zhangjun/0000-0001-9684-1450; Corbett, Anthony/0000-0001-9545-0853 FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0501778, DBI-0605659, DBI-082061] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. DBI-0501778, DBI-0605659, and DBI-082061). NR 62 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 151 IS 4 BP 1758 EP 1768 DI 10.1104/pp.109.145169 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 528KK UT WOS:000272443500006 PM 19819981 ER PT J AU Ramirez, J Bolduc, N Lisch, D Hake, S AF Ramirez, Julio Bolduc, Nathalie Lisch, Damon Hake, Sarah TI Distal Expression of knotted1 in Maize Leaves Leads to Reestablishment of Proximal/Distal Patterning and Leaf Dissection SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMINANT MORPHOLOGICAL MUTANT; POLAR AUXIN TRANSPORT; HOMEOBOX GENE; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; KNOX GENES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TANDEM DUPLICATION; ROUGH-SHEATH2 GENE; LATERAL ORGANS; COMPOUND LEAF AB Maize (Zea mays) leaves provide a useful system to study how proximal/distal patterning is established because of the distinct tissues found in the distal blade and the proximal sheath. Several mutants disrupt this pattern, including the dominant knotted1-like homeobox (knox) mutants. knox genes encode homeodomain proteins of the TALE superclass of transcription factors. Class I knox genes are expressed in the meristem and down-regulated as leaves initiate. Gain-of-function phenotypes result from misexpression in leaves. We identified a new dominant allele of maize knotted1, Kn1-DL, which contains a transposon insertion in the promoter in addition to a tandem duplication of the kn1 locus. In situ hybridization shows that kn1 is misexpressed in two different parts of the blade that correlate with the different phenotypes observed. When kn1 is misexpressed along the margins, flaps of sheath-like tissue form along the margins. Expression in the distal tip leads to premature termination of the midrib into a knot and leaf bifurcation. The gain-of-function phenotypes suggest that kn1 establishes proximal/distal patterning when expressed in distal locations and lead to the hypothesis that kn1 normally participates in the establishment of proximal/distal polarity in the incipient leaf. C1 [Ramirez, Julio; Lisch, Damon; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bolduc, Nathalie; Hake, Sarah] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hake, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hake@berkeley.edu RI Lisch, Damon/A-9414-2010 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service [5335-21000-028-00D]; National Science Foundation [IOB-0445387]; University of California at Berkeley FX The work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (grant no. 5335-21000-028-00D to S. H.), by the National Science Foundation (grant no. IOB-0445387 to S. H.), and by a fellowship from the University of California at Berkeley to J.R. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 151 IS 4 BP 1878 EP 1888 DI 10.1104/pp.109.145920 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 528KK UT WOS:000272443500017 PM 19854860 ER PT J AU Badri, DV Quintana, N El Kassis, EG Kim, HK Choi, YH Sugiyama, A Verpoorte, R Martinoia, E Manter, DK Vivanco, JM AF Badri, Dayakar V. Quintana, Naira El Kassis, Elie G. Kim, Hye Kyong Choi, Young Hae Sugiyama, Akifumi Verpoorte, Robert Martinoia, Enrico Manter, Daniel K. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI An ABC Transporter Mutation Alters Root Exudation of Phytochemicals That Provoke an Overhaul of Natural Soil Microbiota SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATP-BINDING CASSETTE; RIBOSOMAL INTERGENIC SPACER; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SECONDARY METABOLITES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; RNA SEQUENCES; RHIZOSPHERE AB Root exudates influence the surrounding soil microbial community, and recent evidence demonstrates the involvement of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in root secretion of phytochemicals. In this study, we examined effects of seven Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ABC transporter mutants on the microbial community in native soils. After two generations, only the Arabidopsis abcg30 (Atpdr2) mutant had significantly altered both the fungal and bacterial communities compared with the wild type using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis. Similarly, root exudate profiles differed between the mutants; however, the largest variance from the wild type (Columbia-0) was observed in abcg30, which showed increased phenolics and decreased sugars. In support of this biochemical observation, whole-genome expression analyses of abcg30 roots revealed that some genes involved in biosynthesis and transport of secondary metabolites were up-regulated, while some sugar transporters were down-regulated compared with genome expression in wild-type roots. Microbial taxa associated with Columbia-0 and abcg30 cultured soils determined by pyrosequencing revealed that exudates from abcg30 cultivated a microbial community with a relatively greater abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria (i.e. plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fixers) and were specifically enriched in bacteria involved in heavy metal remediation. In summary, we report how a single gene mutation from a functional plant mutant influences the surrounding community of soil organisms, showing that genes are not only important for intrinsic plant physiology but also for the interactions with the surrounding community of organisms as well. C1 [Badri, Dayakar V.; El Kassis, Elie G.; Sugiyama, Akifumi; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Badri, Dayakar V.; El Kassis, Elie G.; Sugiyama, Akifumi; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Quintana, Naira] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kim, Hye Kyong; Choi, Young Hae; Verpoorte, Robert] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, Sect Metabol, Div Pharmacognosy, NL-2300 Leiden, Netherlands. [Martinoia, Enrico] Univ Zurich, Zurich Basel Plant Sci Ctr, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Vivanco, JM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM j.vivanco@colostate.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0542642]; Swiss National Foundation; European Union [HPRN-CT-2002-00269]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation to J.M.V. (MCB-0542642). The contribution of E.M. was supported by the Swiss National Foundation within the NCCR "Plant Survival" and the European Union project Plant Transporters (HPRN-CT-2002-00269). A. S. is a recipient of a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science abroad fellowship. NR 80 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 10 U2 74 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 151 IS 4 BP 2006 EP 2017 DI 10.1104/pp.109.147462 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 528KK UT WOS:000272443500027 PM 19854857 ER PT J AU Davidson, RM Reeves, PA Manosalva, PM Leach, JE AF Davidson, Rebecca M. Reeves, Patrick A. Manosalva, Patricia M. Leach, Jan E. TI Germins: A diverse protein family important for crop improvement SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Germin-like protein; Oxalate oxidase; Superoxide dismutase; Biotic and abiotic stress; Quantitative disease resistance ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SHEATH BLIGHT RESISTANCE; CANDIDATE DEFENSE GENES; HAPLOID RICE POPULATION; BARLEY OXALATE OXIDASE; POWDERY MILDEW FUNGUS; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB The germin protein family is comprised of two main subgroups in plants, oxalate oxidases (OXOs) and germin-like proteins (GLPs). These proteins are implicated in a variety of plant processes including germination, development, pollen formation, and response to abiotic and biotic stress Here, we examine the phylogenetic relationships and functional diversity of the germin gene family across diverse genera. and then focus on rice (Oryza sativa) as a model In general, germin genes are expressed in all tissue types and are induced by biotic and/or abiotic stresses In rice, many of the stress-induced germin genes physically co-localize with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for disease resistance, and emerging evidence suggests that small RNAs may regulate their transcript abundance. We analyze the extensive sequence, gene expression and functional data for germin family proteins and relate them to QTL map locations to predict additional candidate germin genes for future crop improvement. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Davidson, Rebecca M.; Leach, Jan E.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Davidson, Rebecca M.; Leach, Jan E.] Colorado State Univ, Prograrn Plant Mol Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Reeves, Patrick A.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Manosalva, Patricia M.] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Leach, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. OI Reeves, Patrick/0000-0001-9991-1397 FU USDA-CSREES-NRI-Rice-CAP [2004-35317-14867, 200635604-16628]; Ford Foundation; Generation Challenge Program; Colorado State Experiment Station; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2003-01551] FX We thank Adam Heuberger for technical assistance. Rebecca Davidson and research described were supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI-Rice-CAP grants 2004-35317-14867 and 200635604-16628, a Ford Foundation Diversity Fellowship, the Generation Challenge Program, and the Colorado State Experiment Station. Patricia Manosalva was supported by a project from the USDA-CSREES-NRI #2003-01551. NR 93 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 177 IS 6 BP 499 EP 510 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.08.012 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 516ON UT WOS:000271552000001 ER PT J AU Sun, JD Yang, LX Wang, YL Ort, DR AF Sun, Jindong Yang, Lianxin Wang, Yulong Ort, Donald R. TI FACE-ing the global change: Opportunities for improvement in photosynthetic radiation use efficiency and crop yield SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Crop yield; Crop improvement; FACE (Free Air Concentration Enrichment); Photosynthesis; Radiation use efficiency; Rice; Sink; Source; Soybean; Transgenic; Wheat ID AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; GENETICALLY-ENGINEERED PLANTS; ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; STIMULATES PHOTOSYNTHESIS; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SCIENTISTS ANALYSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; TRANSGENIC POTATO AB The earth is rapidly changing through processes such as rising [CO(2)], [O(3)], and increased food demand. By 2050 the projected atmospheric [CO(2)] and ground level [O(3)] will be 50% and 20% higher than today. To meet future agricultural demand, amplified by an increasing population and economic progress in developing countries. crop yields will have to increase by at least 50% by the middle of the century. FACE (Free Air Concentration Enrichment) experiments have been conducted for more than 20 years in various parts of world to estimate. under the most realistic agricultural conditions possible, the impact of the CO(2) levels projected for the middle of this century on crops. The stimulations of crop seed yields by the projected CO(2) levels across FACE studies are about 18% on average and up to similar to 30% for the hybrid rice varieties and vary among crops, cultivars, nitrogen levels and soil moisture The observed increase in crop yields under the projected CO(2) levels fall short of what would be required to meet the projected future food demand, even with the most responsive varieties. Crop biomass production and seed yield is the product of photosynthetic solar energy conversion. Improvement in photosynthetic radiation use efficiency stands as the most promising opportunity allowing for major increases in crop yield in a future that portends major changes in climate and crop growing environments. Our advanced understanding of the photosynthetic process along with rapidly advancing capabilities in functional genomics, genetic transformation and synthetic biology promises new opportunities for crop improvement by greater photosynthesis and crop yield Traits and genes that show promise for improving photosynthesis are briefly reviewed, including enhancing leaf photosynthesis capacity and reducing photorespiratron loss, manipulating plant hormones' responses for better ideotypes, extend: rig duration of photosynthesis, and increasing carbon partitioning to the sink to alleviate feedback inhibition of photosynthesis (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Sun, Jindong; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sun, Jindong; Ort, Donald R.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yang, Lianxin; Wang, Yulong] Yangzhou Univ, Key Lab Crop Genet & Physiol Jiangsu Prov, Yangzhou 225009, Peoples R China. [Ort, Donald R.] USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sun, JD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 119 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 11 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 177 IS 6 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.08.003 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 516ON UT WOS:000271552000002 ER PT J AU Horvath, D AF Horvath, David TI Common mechanisms regulate flowering and dormancy SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Endodormancy; Flowering; MADS-box; Circadian regulation; Microarrays ID LOW-TEMPERATURE INDUCTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; PHYTOCHROME-A; BUD DORMANCY; LOCUS-T; FREEZING TOLERANCE; FLORAL INDUCTION; GROWTH CESSATION AB In 1960, Chouard hypothesized that there might be a connection between vernalization (facilitation of floral competence) and release from endodormancy. In 2003 we reiterated this hypothesis and suggested potential mechanisms involving chromatin remodeling. Since then, there have been several papers from various laboratories working on several different perennial species that suggest common signaling components regulate flowering and the growth cessation that must precede endodormancy induction. This work has directly implicated FT, CENL1, and MADE-box transcription factor genes similar to SVP and/or AGL24 in growth cessation and endodormancy development. Numerous studies in other model systems have demonstrated the function and regulation of similar genes in floral regulation. Combined, these studies allow the development of a paradigm for future investigations designed to understand the nature and function of the regulatory mechanisms that control Induction and release of endodormancy in perennial plants. Dicots, monocots, and gymnosperms have similar floral regulatory genes, suggesting that general regulation of flowering is highly conserved among perennial species. Likewise, reports of differential expression of particular MADS-box genes and putative FT orthologues during endodormancy transitions across multiple plant species suggest a conserved role for these genes in responses to endodormancy induction and maintenance. The limited but tantalizing linkage between floral regulatory machinery and seasonal growth cessation and bud set through regulation of FT and other FT-like genes suggest a general model for endodormancy regulation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Horvath, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 94 TC 95 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 177 IS 6 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.09.002 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 516ON UT WOS:000271552000003 ER PT J AU Wang, X Peng, YH Singer, JW Fessehaie, A Krebs, SI Arora, R AF Wang, Xiang Peng, Yanhui Singer, Jeremy W. Fessehaie, Anania Krebs, Stephen I. Arora, Rajeev TI Seasonal changes in photosynthesis, antioxidant systems and ELIP expression in a thermonastic and non-thermonastic Rhododendron species: A comparison of photoprotective strategies in overwintering plants SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Antioxidant system; Cold acclimation; Early light-induced proteins; Photoprotection; Rhododendron ID XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE CHARACTERISTICS; LIGHT-INDUCED PROTEINS; COLD-ACCLIMATION; LEAF MOVEMENTS; PHOTOOXIDATIVE STRESS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREEZING TOLERANCE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; LEAVES AB Leaves of overwintering evergreen rhododendrons are typically exposed to freezing temperatures and high light during winters which can potentially result in photon flux exceeding that required for photochemistry. This excess energy. if not dissipated as heat or fluorescence, may cause photooxidative damage to PSII. The goal of this study is to compare the photoprotection strategies during seasonal cold acclimation (CA) in two Rhododendron species (R. catawbiense Michx. and R. ponticum L) that are divergent in their leaf freezing tolerance and thermonastic behaviour (temperature-induced leaf movement). R. catawbiense exhibits thermonasty while R. ponticum does not. Differences in leaf freezing tolerance (LT(50)), photosynthesis, photoinhibition, early light-induced proteins (ELIPs) gene expression, and accumulation of antioxidant metabolites and enzymes during seasonal CA were investigated. During seasonal CA, maximum photosynthetic rate (P(max)) and maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (F(v)/F(m)) were significantly down-regulated Compared with R catawbiense, R. ponticum showed less photoinhibition and higher overall accumulation (in magnitude) of antioxidant systems while R. catawbiense exhibited more efficient up-regulation of ELIP expression and antioxidant system (i.e, greater efficiency of increasing this pool in winter months relative to the summer levels). The two species respond differently to winter conditions and have evolved strategies to avoid, reduce and/or tolerate photooxidative stress in winter. These include down-regulation of photosynthesis and up-regulation of ELIPs and antioxidant systems, together with specialized leaf anatomy and thermonasty behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd C1 [Wang, Xiang; Peng, Yanhui; Arora, Rajeev] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singer, Jeremy W.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fessehaie, Anania] Iowa State Univ, Seed Sci Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Krebs, Stephen I.] Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, OH 44094 USA. RP Arora, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Peng, Yanhui/B-6542-2013 FU Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds [3601] FX This journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa (Project 3601) was supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. We thank Dr. Allen D. Knapp and Ms. Maria M. Hartt (Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University) for providing the fluorometer and technical assistance with Fv/Fm measurements. We also thank Arlen Patrick (greenhouse manager, Department of Horticulture, ISU) for assisting with plant care throughout this study. NR 60 TC 23 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 177 IS 6 BP 607 EP 617 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.08.009 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 516ON UT WOS:000271552000014 ER PT J AU Hemavathi Upadhyaya, CP Young, KE Akula, N Kim, HS Heung, JJ Oh, OM Aswath, CR Chun, SC Kim, DH Park, SW AF Hemavathi Upadhyaya, Chandrama Prakash Young, Ko Eun Akula, Nookaraju Kim, Hyun Soon Heung, Jeon Jae Oh, Oh Man Aswath, Chenna Reddy Chun, Se Chul Kim, Doo Hwan Park, Se Won TI Over-expression of strawberry D-galacturonic acid reductase in potato leads to accumulation of vitamin C with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vitamin C; Solanum tuberosum L.; D-Galacturonic acid reductase; HPLC; Abiotic stress ID GAMMA-LACTONE DEHYDROGENASE; ASCORBIC-ACID; SALT STRESS; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PLANTS; BIOSYNTHESIS; TOBACCO; ARABIDOPSIS; SENESCENCE AB Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential component for collagen biosynthesis and also for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system in humans. Unlike most of the animals, humans lack the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid on their own due to a mutation in the gene encoding the last enzyme of ascorbate biosynthesis. As a result, vitamin C must be obtained from dietary sources like plants. In this Study, we have developed transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Taedong Valley) over-expressing strawberry GalUR gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter with increased ascorbic acid levels. Integration of the GalUR gene in the plant genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Ascorbic acid (AsA) levels in transgenic tubers were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The over-expression of GalUR resulted in 1.6-2-fold increase ill AsA in transgenic potato and the levels of AsA were positively correlated with increased GalUR activity. The transgenic lines with enhanced vitamin C content showed enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses induced by methyl viologen (MV), NaCl or mannitol as compared to untransformed control plants. The leaf disc senescence assay showed better tolerance in transgenic lines by retaining higher chlorophyll as compared to the untransformed control plants. Present study demonstrated that the over-expression of GalUR gene enhanced the level of AsA in potato tubers and these transgenics performed better under different abiotic stresses as compared to untransformed control. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Hemavathi; Upadhyaya, Chandrama Prakash; Young, Ko Eun; Akula, Nookaraju; Chun, Se Chul; Kim, Doo Hwan; Park, Se Won] Konkuk Univ, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Kim, Hyun Soon; Heung, Jeon Jae] Korean Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Taejon, South Korea. [Oh, Oh Man] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Aswath, Chenna Reddy] Indian Inst Hort Res, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Upadhyaya, CP (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. RI CHUN, SE/D-6924-2011; akula, nookaraju/C-2389-2013 OI akula, nookaraju/0000-0002-5588-1592 FU Konkuk University FX This research was supported by the Konkuk University research fund. The research fellowship as research fellow to Hemavathi and Eun Young Ko from Konkuk University is gratefully acknowledged. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 177 IS 6 BP 659 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.08.004 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 516ON UT WOS:000271552000020 ER PT J AU Slate, D Algeo, TP Nelson, KM Chipman, RB Donovan, D Blanton, JD Niezgoda, M Rupprecht, CE AF Slate, Dennis Algeo, Timothy P. Nelson, Kathleen M. Chipman, Richard B. Donovan, Dennis Blanton, Jesse D. Niezgoda, Michael Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Oral Rabies Vaccination in North America: Opportunities, Complexities, and Challenges SO PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; UNITED-STATES; AERIAL DISTRIBUTION; MEPHITIS-MEPHITIS; VARIANT RABIES; STRIPED SKUNKS; VIRUS-VACCINES; RED FOXES; ONTARIO; ELIMINATION AB Steps to facilitate inter-jurisdictional collaboration nationally and continentally have been critical for implementing and conducting coordinated wildlife rabies management programs that rely heavily on oral rabies vaccination (ORV). Formation of a national rabies management team has been pivotal for coordinated ORV programs in the United States of America. The signing of the North American Rabies Management Plan extended a collaborative framework for coordination of surveillance, control, and research in border areas among Canada, Mexico, and the US. Advances in enhanced surveillance have facilitated sampling of greater scope and intensity near ORV zones for improved rabies management decision-making in real time. The value of enhanced surveillance as a complement to public health surveillance was best illustrated in Ohio during 2007, where 19 rabies cases were detected that were critical for the formulation of focused contingency actions for controlling rabies in this strategically key area. Diverse complexities and challenges are commonplace when applying ORV to control rabies in wild meso-carnivores. Nevertheless, intervention has resulted in notable successes, including the elimination of an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) rabies virus variant in most of southern Ontario, Canada, with ancillary benefits of elimination extending into Quebec and the northeastern US. Progress continues with ORV toward preventing the spread and working toward elimination of a unique variant of gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) rabies in west central Texas. Elimination of rabies in coyotes (Canis latrans) through ORV contributed to the US being declared free of canine rabies in 2007. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies control continues to present the greatest challenges among meso-carnivore rabies reservoirs, yet to date intervention has prevented this variant from gaining a broad geographic foothold beyond ORV zones designed to prevent its spread from the eastern US. Progress continues toward the development and testing of new bait-vaccine combinations that increase the chance for improved delivery and performance in the diverse meso-carnivore rabies reservoir complex in the US. C1 [Slate, Dennis; Algeo, Timothy P.; Nelson, Kathleen M.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Rabies Management Program, Concord, NH USA. [Chipman, Richard B.] USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Rabies Management Program, Castleton, NY USA. [Donovan, Dennis] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev Sect, Rabies Res & Dev Unit, Peterborough, ON, Canada. [Blanton, Jesse D.; Niezgoda, Michael; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Slate, D (reprint author), USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv, Natl Rabies Management Program, Concord, NH USA. EM timothy.p.algeo@aphis.usda.gov NR 68 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 35 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1935-2735 J9 PLOS NEGLECT TROP D JI Plos Neglect. Trop. Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 3 IS 12 AR e549 DI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000549 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 536RB UT WOS:000273060400002 PM 20027214 ER PT J AU Lee, S Shupe, TF Groom, LH Hse, CY AF Lee, Sangyeob Shupe, Todd F. Groom, Leslie H. Hse, Chung Y. TI Maleated Polypropylene Film and Wood Fiber Handsheet Laminates SO POLYMER COMPOSITES LA English DT Article ID MALEIC-ANHYDRIDE; POLYSTYRENE COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER COMPOSITES; PERFORMANCE; REINFORCEMENT; PROPERTY; MONOMERS AB The grafting effect of maleic anhydride (MA) as an interfacial bonding agent and its influence on the tensile strength properties of thermomechanical pulp handsheet-isotactic polypropylene (iPP) film laminates was studied. For the MA treated with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, tensile strength properties increased 76% with PP film over untreated laminates. The optimal strength properties were obtained with a MA and BPO ratio of 2:1. A strong correlation was observed between the number of fibers in the web and tensile strength properties for both handsheet drying conditions. The R(2) values were 0.95 for air-dry conditions and 0.94 from oven-dry conditions. Scanning electron microscopy images also showed the effectiveness of MA loading on the surface of thermomechanical pulp fibers due to increased fiber failure, which occurred without fiber being pulled out from the PP matrixes. Crystallinity and heat flow were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and increased as expected as the ratio of MA and BPO increased from 0:0 to 2:1. These results were also in accordance with the morphological observations at the fracture surface, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and thermal analysis. POLYM. COMPOS., 30:1864-1872, 2009. (C) 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Shupe, Todd F.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lee, Sangyeob] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Groom, Leslie H.; Hse, Chung Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Shupe, TF (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Louisiana Forest Prod Dev Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM tshupe@agcenter.lsu.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0272-8397 J9 POLYM COMPOSITE JI Polym. Compos. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1864 EP 1872 DI 10.1002/pc.20761 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 526JR UT WOS:000272284900017 ER PT J AU Aouada, FA Chiou, BS Orts, WJ Mattoso, LHC AF Aouada, Fauze A. Chiou, Bor-Sen Orts, William J. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. TI Physicochemical and Morphological Properties of Poly(acrylamide) and Methylcellulose Hydrogels: Effects of Monomer, Crosslinker and Polysaccharide Compositions SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SUPERABSORBENT COMPOSITE; POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGELS; BIODEGRADABLE HYDROGELS; KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN; SWELLING BEHAVIOR; SEMI-IPN; ACID; NETWORKS AB This article describes the physicochemical (mechanical and swelling) and morphological characterization of poly(acrylamide) and methylcellulose (PAAm-MC) hydrogels synthesized with different formulations by the free radical polymerization method. The structure-property relationship of the PAAm-MC hydrogels is very important for application of these materials in different fields. Results showed that the properties of the PAAm-MC hydrogels can be controlled by varying the acrylamide (AAm) and N',N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBAAm) concentrations and methylcellulose (MC) content. Increase of AAm and MBAAm concentrations causes a pronounced decrease in swelling degree (SD) values and porosity, and an increase in mechanical properties. Increasing the MC concentration caused an increase in SD values and porosity, but decrease in maximum load and modulus of elasticity because of the increase in the hydrogel hydrophilicity due to incorporation of hydroxyl groups from MC chains. PAAm-MC hydrogels are excellent candidates for several applications, such as matrices for cell transplantation, controlled release (agrochemicals and drugs), tissue repair and regeneration. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 49:2467-2474, 2009. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [Aouada, Fauze A.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Agr Instrumentat, LNNA, BR-13560970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Aouada, Fauze A.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Chem, BR-13560905 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chiou, Bor-Sen; Orts, William J.] ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit BCE, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mattoso, LHC (reprint author), Embrapa Agr Instrumentat, LNNA, BR-13560970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mattoso@cnpdia.embrapa.br RI Aouada, Fauze/C-3989-2012; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU USDA/ARS/WRRC; National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq-Brazil); Embrapa-Brazil; FINEP/LNNA FX Contract grant sponsors: USDA/ARS/WRRC, National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq-Brazil), Embrapa-Brazil (Labex Program and MPI Project), FINEP/LNNA for their financial support. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2467 EP 2474 DI 10.1002/pen.21505 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 524DU UT WOS:000272124800020 ER PT J AU Thompson, D Baranowski, T Baranowski, J Cullen, K Jago, R Watson, K Liu, Y AF Thompson, Debbe Baranowski, Tom Baranowski, Janice Cullen, Karen Jago, Russell Watson, Kathy Liu, Yan TI Boy Scout 5-a-Day Badge: Outcome results of a troop and Internet intervention SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Fruit; Vegetable; Adolescents; Internet; Interactive multimedia; Boy Scouts; Intervention study; Availability; Self-efficacy ID VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; PRO CHILDREN; FRUIT; HEALTH; GIRLS; DIET; PROGRAM; FOOD AB Objectives. The effects of a Boy Scout Five-A-Day Badge program on fruit juice (FJ) and low-fat vegetable (LV) consumption were evaluated using a two-condition (treatment, active-attention-placebo-control) group randomized trial, with three data collection periods (baseline, immediate post, 6-month post). Methods. Forty-two Boy Scout troops (n=473, 10- to 14-year-old Scouts) in Houston, TX, were randomly assigned to condition. The 9-week program included approximately 30 min of weekly troop time, plus similar to 25 min of weekly Internet programming. The intervention was delivered in two waves (Spring and Fall). Data were collected in 2003-2004, and analyses were completed in 2008. Main outcomes were FJ and LV consumption (validated food frequency questionnaire). FV self-efficacy, preferences, and home availability were also measured. Results. Significant increases in FJ consumption (p=.003), FJ home availability (p=.009), and LV self-efficacy (p=.004) were observed among the intervention group immediately following the intervention but were not maintained 6 months later. Conclusion. A Boy Scout troop-plus-Internet intervention promoting FJ and LV consumption resulted in short-term changes in FJ consumption among U.S. Boy Scouts. Future research should investigate ways to extend these results to LV and maintain the increases over time. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Thompson, Debbe; Baranowski, Tom; Baranowski, Janice; Cullen, Karen; Watson, Kathy; Liu, Yan] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. [Jago, Russell] Univ Bristol, Dept Exercise Nutr & Hlth Sci, Ctr Sport Exercise & Hlth Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. RP Thompson, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. EM dit@bcm.tmc.edu OI Jago, Russell/0000-0002-3394-0176; Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU American Cancer Society [TURSG-04]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; USDA/ARS [58-6250-6001] FX This research was largely funded by a grant from the American Cancer Society (TURSG-04). This work is also a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, and had been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement from the U.S. government. NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.09.010 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 532RO UT WOS:000272767400013 PM 19765608 ER PT J AU Dunn, RO AF Dunn, Robert O. TI Effects of minor constituents on cold flow properties and performance of biodiesel SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Cloud point; Cold soak filtration test; Low-temperature flow test; Monoacylglycerol; Solid residues; Steryl glucoside ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; STATIONARY DIESEL-ENGINE; VEGETABLE-OILS; STERYL GLUCOSIDES; METHYL-ESTERS; FUEL PROPERTIES; ANIMAL FATS; SOYBEAN OIL; PALM OIL; TRANSESTERIFICATION AB Biodiesel is an alternative fuel or extender made from renewable agricultural lipids that may be burned in a compression-ignition (diesel) engine. It is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from plant oils or animal fats. Biodiesel has many important technical advantages compared to petrodiesel including superior inherent lubricity, low toxicity, high (non-flammable) flash point and biodegradability, very low or negligible sulfur content and lower exhaust emissions of most regulated species. Biodiesel is generally produced by transesterification of the lipid with a short-chain monohydric alcohol. This process may leave behind very small (trace) concentrations of minor constituents such as saturated monoacylglycerols (MAGs) or free steryl glucosides (FStGs). These materials have high melting points and very low solubilities allowing them to form solid residues when stored during cold weather. Blending with petrodiesel exacerbates the problem. Settling solid residues were found to clog fuel filters in fuel dispensers and vehicles. In response to documented problems the biodiesel industry in the United States collaborated with the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) to develop a cold soak filter-ability performance test that will help identify fuels that may have a propensity to clog filters if exposed to long-term storage in cold weather. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. RP Dunn, RO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL USA. EM robert.dunn@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 35 IS 6 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.pecs.2009.07.002 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 523KV UT WOS:000272073000002 ER PT J AU Evans, JS Hudak, AT Faux, R Smith, AMS AF Evans, Jeffrey S. Hudak, Andrew T. Faux, Russ Smith, Alistair M. S. TI Discrete Return Lidar in Natural Resources: Recommendations for Project Planning, Data Processing, and Deliverables SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE lidar; remote sensing; standards, processing; natural resources; forestry AB Recent years have seen the progression of light detection and ranging (lidar) from the realm of research to operational use in natural resource management. Numerous government agencies, private industries, and public/private stakeholder consortiums are planning or have recently acquired large-scale acquisitions, and a national U.S. lidar acquisition is likely before 2020. Before it is feasible for land managers to integrate lidar into decision making, resource assessment, or monitoring across the gambit of natural resource applications, consistent standards in project planning, data processing, and user-driven products are required. This paper introduces principal lidar acquisition parameters, and makes recommendations for project planning, processing, and product standards to better serve natural resource managers across multiple disciplines. C1 [Evans, Jeffrey S.] N Amer Reg Sci, Nat Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Faux, Russ] Watershed Sci, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Smith, Alistair M. S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Evans, JS (reprint author), N Amer Reg Sci, Nat Conservancy, 117 E Mt Ave,Suite 201, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. EM jeffrey_evans@tnc.org; ahudak@fs.fed.us; faux@watershedsciences.com; asmith@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development; American Forest and Paper Association; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX This research was funded through the Sustainable Forestry component of Agenda 2020, a joint effort of USDA Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association. Additional funding was provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station. We would like to thank M. Falkowski and P. Gessler for valuable discussion in the development of this manuscript. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 776 EP 794 DI 10.3390/rs1040776 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000007 ER PT J AU Yoshioka, H Miura, T Dematte, JAM Batchily, K Huete, AR AF Yoshioka, Hiroki Miura, Tomoaki Dematte, Jose A. M. Batchily, Karim Huete, Alfredo R. TI Derivation of Soil Line Influence on Two-Band Vegetation Indices and Vegetation Isolines SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE spectral vegetation index; soil noise; soil line; vegetation isoline AB This paper introduces derivations of soil line influences on two-band vegetation indices (VIs) and vegetation isolines in the red and near infra-red reflectance space. Soil line variations are described as changes in the soil line parameters (slope and offset) and the red reflectance of the soil surface. A general form of a VI model equation written as a ratio of two linear functions (e.g., NDVI and SAVI) was assumed. It was found that relative VI variations can be approximated by a linear combination of the three soil parameters. The derived expressions imply the possibility of estimating and correcting for soil-induced bias errors in VIs and their derived biophysical parameters, caused by the assumption of a general soil line, through the use of external data sources such as regional soil maps. C1 [Yoshioka, Hiroki] Aichi Prefectural Univ, Dept Informat Sci & Technol, Nagakute, Aichi 4801198, Japan. [Miura, Tomoaki] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dematte, Jose A. M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Soil Sci, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Batchily, Karim] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30601 USA. [Huete, Alfredo R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Yoshioka, H (reprint author), Aichi Prefectural Univ, Dept Informat Sci & Technol, 1522-3 Kumabari, Nagakute, Aichi 4801198, Japan. EM yoshioka@ist.aichi-pu.ac.jp; tomoakim@hawaii.edu; jamdemat@esalq.usp.br; Karim.Batchily@ga.usda.gov; ahuete@ag.arizona.edu RI Miura, Tomoaki/B-5805-2008; Dematte, Jose/I-5990-2013; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 FU JSPS KAKENHI [21510019]; Sao Paulo Foundation Research (FAPESP) [98/01059-7] FX This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI 21510019 (HY) and Sao Paulo Foundation Research (FAPESP) pn 98/01059-7 (JAMD). NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 842 EP 857 DI 10.3390/rs1040842 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000011 ER PT J AU Hudak, AT Evans, JS Smith, AMS AF Hudak, Andrew Thomas Evans, Jeffrey Scott Smith, Alistair Matthew Stuart TI LiDAR Utility for Natural Resource Managers SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review DE LiDAR applications; management; natural resources; remote sensing; review AB Applications of LiDAR remote sensing are exploding, while moving from the research to the operational realm. Increasingly, natural resource managers are recognizing the tremendous utility of LiDAR-derived information to make improved decisions. This review provides a cross-section of studies, many recent, that demonstrate the relevance of LiDAR across a suite of terrestrial natural resource disciplines including forestry, fire and fuels, ecology, wildlife, geology, geomorphology, and surface hydrology. We anticipate that interest in and reliance upon LiDAR for natural resource management, both alone and in concert with other remote sensing data, will continue to rapidly expand for the foreseeable future. C1 [Hudak, Andrew Thomas] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey Scott] Nature Conservancy, N Amer Reg, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. [Smith, Alistair Matthew Stuart] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hudak, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ahudak@fs.fed.us; jeffrey_evans@tnc.org; alistair@uidaho.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014; OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958; Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development; American Forest and Paper Association; Rocky Mountain Research Station FX Partial support for this research came from the Sustainable Forestry component of Agenda 2020, a joint effort of USDA Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association. Additional funding was provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station. We appreciated the suggestions provided by four anonymous reviewers. NR 124 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 44 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 934 EP 951 DI 10.3390/rs1040934 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000016 ER PT J AU Serbin, G Hunt, ER Daughtry, CST McCarty, GW Doraiswamy, PC AF Serbin, Guy Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Daughtry, Craig S. T. McCarty, Gregory W. Doraiswamy, Paul C. TI An Improved ASTER Index for Remote Sensing of Crop Residue SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE crop residue; non-photosynthetic vegetation; ASTER; agricultural remote sensing AB Unlike traditional ground-based methodology, remote sensing allows for the rapid estimation of crop residue cover (f(R)). While the Cellulose Absorption Index (CAI) is ideal for f(R) estimation, a new index, the Shortwave Infrared Normalized Difference Residue Index (SINDRI), utilizing ASTER bands 6 and 7, is proposed for future multispectral sensors and would be less costly to implement. SINDRI performed almost as well as CAI and better than other indices at five locations in the USA on multiple dates. A minimal upgrade from one broad band to two narrow bands would provide f(R) data for carbon cycle modeling and tillage verification. C1 [Serbin, Guy] ASRC Management Serv, USDA FAS Off Global Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, Craig S. T.; McCarty, Gregory W.; Doraiswamy, Paul C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Serbin, G (reprint author), ASRC Management Serv, USDA FAS Off Global Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM guy.serbin@gmail.com; raymond.hunt@ars.usda.gov; craig.daughtry@ars.usda.gov; greg.mccarty@ars.usda.gov; paul.doraiswamy@ars.usda.gov RI Serbin, Guy/K-7836-2013 OI Serbin, Guy/0000-0001-9345-1772 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 971 EP 991 DI 10.3390/rs1040971 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000018 ER PT J AU McKean, J Nagel, D Tonina, D Bailey, P Wright, CW Bohn, C Nayegandhi, A AF McKean, Jim Nagel, Dave Tonina, Daniele Bailey, Philip Wright, Charles Wayne Bohn, Carolyn Nayegandhi, Amar TI Remote Sensing of Channels and Riparian Zones with a Narrow-Beam Aquatic-Terrestrial LIDAR SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE bathymetric LIDAR; channel mapping; aquatic habitat; ecohydraulics; fluvial geomorphology AB The high-resolution Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LIDAR (EAARL) is a new technology for cross-environment surveys of channels and floodplains. EAARL measurements of basic channel geometry, such as wetted cross-sectional area, are within a few percent of those from control field surveys. The largest channel mapping errors are along stream banks. The LIDAR data adequately support 1D and 2D computational fluid dynamics models and frequency domain analyses by wavelet transforms. Further work is needed to establish the stream monitoring capability of the EAARL and the range of water quality conditions in which this sensor will accurately map river bathymetry. C1 [McKean, Jim; Nagel, Dave; Bohn, Carolyn] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Tonina, Daniele] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Bailey, Philip] ESSA Technol Ltd, Vancouver, BC V6J 5C6, Canada. [Wright, Charles Wayne] US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Nayegandhi, Amar] Jacobs Technol Inc, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP McKean, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jmckean@fs.fed.us; dnagel@fs.fed.us; dtonina@uidaho.edu; pbailey@essa.com; wright@lidar.net; cbohn@fs.fed.us; anayegan@usgs.gov RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Geological Survey; NASA; NOAA; Bonneville Power Authority; Bureau of Reclamation FX Our stream research using the EAARL has been supported by the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Geological Survey, NASA, NOAA, Bonneville Power Authority and the Bureau of Reclamation. We recognize Frank Poulsen and Katy Bryan, ESSA Technologies, for their excellent GIS work developing the BLT. We thank Ken Skinner (USGS) and Allyn Meuleman (Bureau of Reclamation), for kindly sharing their unpublished observations of EAARL bathymetry as a function of water turbidity in the Boise River. This manuscript was improved by the comments of three anonymous reviewers. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 20 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 1065 EP 1096 DI 10.3390/rs1041065 PG 32 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HH UT WOS:000208401000024 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Karlen, DL Andrews, SS Stott, DE AF Wienhold, B. J. Karlen, D. L. Andrews, S. S. Stott, D. E. TI Protocol for indicator scoring in the soil management assessment framework (SMAF) SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE soil management assessment framework (SMAF); scoring curves; soil indicators; soil quality; potassium; water-filled pore space; ecosystem function ID QUALITY AB Assessment tools are needed to evaluate agronomic management effects on critical soil functions such as carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling and water partitioning. These tools need to be flexible in terms of selection of soil functions to be assessed and indicators to be measured to ensure that assessments are appropriate for the management goals. The soil management assessment framework (SMAF) is being developed to meet this need. The SMAF uses soil physical, chemical and biological indicator data to assess management effects on soil function using a three-step process for (1) indicator selection, (2) indicator interpretation and (3) integration into an index. While SMAF is functional in its present format, it is intended to be malleable so that user needs can be met. Development of additional indicator interpretation scoring curves is one way that this framework can be expanded. Scoring curve development is a multi-step process of identifying an indicator, determining the nature of the relationship of the indicator to a soil function, programming an algorithm and/or logic statements describing that relationship and validating the resulting scoring curve. This paper describes the steps involved in developing an SMAF scoring curve. Scoring curves for interpreting water-filled pore space (WFPS) and Mehlich extractable potassium (K) were developed using the described protocol. This protocol will assist users of the SMAF in understanding how the existing scoring curves were developed and others interested in developing scoring curves for indicators that are not in the current version. C1 [Wienhold, B. J.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, AgroEcosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Karlen, D. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Andrews, S. S.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Qual Technol Dev Team, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. [Stott, D. E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, AgroEcosyst Management Res Unit, 279 Plant Sci,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Brian.Wienhold@ars.usda.gov RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 12 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 31 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 260 EP 266 DI 10.1017/S1742170509990093 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 531BZ UT WOS:000272639000003 ER PT J AU McBride, WD Greene, C AF McBride, W. D. Greene, Catherine TI The profitability of organic soybean production SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE organic; soybeans; profitability; price premium; treatment-effect model ID SYSTEMS AB Results from long-term experimental trials suggest that similar yields and lower costs are possible with organic compared to conventional soybeans, but there is little information about the relative costs and returns of these systems on commercial farms. This study examines the profitability of commercial soybean production using a nationwide survey of soybean producers for 2006 that includes a targeted sample of organic growers. Treatment-effect models are specified to characterize adopters of the organic approach and to isolate the impact of organic choice on operating, operating and capital, and total economic costs of soybean production. Organic soybean producers tend to be younger, have less crop acreage, and are less likely to work off-farm than conventional producers. Organic soybean production costs range from about $1 to $6 per bushel higher than those for conventional soybeans due to both lower yields and higher per-acre costs, while the average organic price premium in 2006 was more than $9 per bushel. Long-term cropping systems data suggest significant returns to organic systems result from similar yields and lower costs than conventional systems, but the high returns to commercial organic production found in this study can only be attributed to the significant price premiums paid for organic soybeans. Average organic soybean price premiums have remained high since 2006 despite much higher conventional soybean prices as users of organic soybeans attempt to retain and attract more acreage. However, increases in conventional soybean prices and fuel prices reduce the incentive for planting organic soybeans by improving returns to conventional production and increasing the relative costs of organic production. C1 [McBride, W. D.; Greene, Catherine] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP McBride, WD (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM wmcbride@ers.usda.gov NR 15 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 276 EP 284 DI 10.1017/S1742170509990147 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 531BZ UT WOS:000272639000005 ER PT J AU Murphy, KM Hoagland, LA Reeves, PG Baik, BK Jones, SS AF Murphy, Kevin M. Hoagland, Lori A. Reeves, Philip G. Baik, Byung-Kee Jones, Stephen S. TI Nutritional and quality characteristics expressed in 31 perennial wheat breeding lines SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE perennial grains; wheat; agroecology; yield; mineral concentration; specialty crops; protein; threshability ID GRAIN CROPS; MICRONUTRIENTS; YIELD; ZINC; IRON; DOMESTICATION; AVAILABILITY; CULTIVARS; CEREALS; SYSTEMS AB Soil erosion due to annual cropping on highly erodible farmland is a major ecological concern in the wheat growing regions of Washington State. In response to requests from farmers, the winter wheat breeding program at Washington State University has been developing perennial wheat selected from crosses between wild wheatgrass species and commonly grown annual wheat cultivars. In 2005/06, we conducted field trials of the most promising perennial wheat breeding lines derived from interspecific crosses between tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum elongatum) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Thirty-one perennial breeding lines and two annual winter wheat cultivars; were evaluated for nutritional value in the form of grain mineral concentration, multiple baking and milling quality traits, and ease of grain threshability. The objective of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these post-harvest traits in the perennial wheat lines derived from these interspecific crosses. Mineral nutrient concentrations in the perennial lines were 44, 40, 24, 23, 32, 30 and 33% higher than the annual control cultivars for calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and zinc, respectively. The annual cultivars had a higher grain mineral content per unit area of land than the perennial lines, due primarily to the higher grain yields of the annual cultivars. Compared to the annual wheat cultivars, the perennial lines produced grain with smaller seed size, lower test weight and reduced flour yield, mix time and loaf volume. Protein content was 3.5-4.5% higher in the perennial lines than in the annual cultivars. The threshability index (TI) ranged from 0.63 to 0.89 in the perennials (mu = 0.75); significantly lower than the mean TI of the annual cultivars (mu = 0.97). The significant genotype x location interaction found for TI suggests that the variation in annual precipitation positively influenced some perennial lines to express greater threshability. In addition to transferring traits important to the perennial growth habit in wheat, the wild wheatgrass species also introduced beneficial characteristics (i.e. increased protein and mineral concentration) and deleterious traits (poor threshing grain and inferior baking qualities). This research gives researchers a platform from which to direct further research and selection in the development of perennial wheat. C1 [Murphy, Kevin M.; Hoagland, Lori A.; Baik, Byung-Kee] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Murphy, Kevin M.; Jones, Stephen S.] Washington State Univ, NW Res & Extens Ctr, Mt Vernon, WA 98273 USA. [Reeves, Philip G.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Murphy, KM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kmurphy2@wsu.edu RI Murphy, Kevin/E-8682-2010 OI Murphy, Kevin/0000-0001-8982-3641 FU Rural America; USDA-CSREES Line Item; The Land Institute; Washington Wheat Commission FX We gratefully acknowledge our farmer cooperators, Jim Moore and Mark Schoesler for their support, encouragement and use of their farm ground for this research. This project is indebted to the excellent technical support provided by Meg Gollnick, Kerry Balow and Steve Lyon. Funding for this study was provided by USDA-CSREES Fund for Rural America, USDA-CSREES Line Item Special Grant, The Land Institute and the Washington Wheat Commission. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1017/S1742170509990159 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 531BZ UT WOS:000272639000006 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Calvin, L Kuchler, F AF Arnade, Carlos Calvin, Linda Kuchler, Fred TI Consumer Response to a Food Safety Shock: The 2006 Food-Borne Illness Outbreak of E-coli O157: H7 Linked to Spinach SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID DEMAND AB A retail demand model measured the impact of the Food and Drug Administration's 2006 announcement warning consumers about E. coli O157: H7 contamination in spinach. Model results indicated that bulk lettuces were shock substitutes (in contrast to price substitutes) as consumers purchased fewer spinach products and more bulk lettuce of all types. Results also showed that consumers initially moved away from bagged salads without spinach; but consumer confidence rebounded quickly and expenditures rose. Over a period of sixty-eight weeks, retail expenditures decreased 20% for bagged spinach and 1% for bulk spinach. Retail expenditures for all leafy greens declined just 1%. C1 [Arnade, Carlos; Calvin, Linda; Kuchler, Fred] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Arnade, C (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 734 EP 750 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01464.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 530KL UT WOS:000272589800006 ER PT J AU McBride, WD Greene, C AF McBride, William D. Greene, Catherine TI Costs of Organic Milk Production on US Dairy Farms SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE SELECTION; ESTIMATOR AB The impact of organic participation on milk production costs is evaluated using data from a nationwide survey of dairy operations. Organic dairies have estimated costs about $5 to $8 per cwt higher than conventional dairies. They also receive an average milk price premium of $6.69 per cwt in 2005. Production costs are estimated to be only $3 to $4 per cwt higher among pasture-based dairies. Results suggest that small conventional dairies may consider converting to the organic approach, but startup organic dairies are not likely unless they can enter at a much larger scale than the industry norm or can utilize pasture as a primary dairy feed source. C1 [McBride, William D.; Greene, Catherine] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP McBride, WD (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 793 EP 813 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01467.x PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 530KL UT WOS:000272589800009 ER PT J AU Woolverton, AE Sykuta, ME AF Woolverton, Andrea E. Sykuta, Michael E. TI Do Income Support Programs Impact Producer Hedging Decisions? Evidence from a Cross-Country Comparative SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID FUTURES MARKETS; COMMODITY FUTURES; RISK; PRICE; MANAGEMENT; INSURANCE; STABILITY; OPTIONS; DEMAND AB This article provides a unique perspective to why U.S. producers' hedging practices are not consistent with the price-risk management literature. We conduct a formal test of income support program impacts with survey data from South Africa and the United States, which have different producer income support policies. We find that producing in a supported environment (U.S.) decreases hedging for preplanting and preharvest expected yields by 30.39% and 20.03%, respectively. This study raises issues for further inquiry regarding both comparative agricultural lending practices and the relative costs of price-risk management tools. C1 [Woolverton, Andrea E.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Sykuta, Michael E.] Univ Missouri, Div Appl Social Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Woolverton, AE (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. FU AAEA Foundation Chester O. McCorkle Scholarship; University of Missouri-Columbia Dorris & Christine Brown Graduate Research; USDA National Needs Fellowship Travel Grant FX The authors are grateful to Ferdinand Meyer at the University of Pretoria, Grain SA and Missouri Corn Growers Association for facilitating producer interviews. The authors would also like to thank Douglas Miller, Joe Parcell, Patrick Westhoff, Paul Westcott, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. Funding for this work was provided by the AAEA Foundation Chester O. McCorkle Scholarship, the University of Missouri-Columbia Dorris & Christine Brown Graduate Research Fellowship and the USDA National Needs Fellowship Travel Grant. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, who do not necessarily reflect official USDA policy. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 834 EP 852 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01469.x PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 530KL UT WOS:000272589800011 ER PT J AU Cooper, J Hellerstein, D AF Cooper, Joseph Hellerstein, Daniel TI Do Government Economists Value AAEA Conferences? SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINGENT VALUATION QUESTIONS; DISCRETE-CHOICE EXPERIMENTS; WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONJOINT-MEASUREMENT; MODELS; RESPONDENTS; PREFERENCE; ISSUES; LOGIT AB This article examines the importance and value of attending the annual summer conference of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA) by U.S. Federal government economists. A choice-based conjoint analysis of government funding of five research-facilitating resources, including travel and nontravel resources, shows that respondents have a clear preference for their government agency funding the travel-related resources over the other resources. Furthermore, using the contingent valuation method, we find that these economists would have been willing to pay $195 to $620 to have attended their last AAEA conference, with the bounds on this range depending on modeling assumptions. C1 [Cooper, Joseph; Hellerstein, Daniel] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Cooper, J (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. OI Hellerstein, Daniel/0000-0003-0933-8676 FU National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 914 EP 930 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01473.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 530KL UT WOS:000272589800015 ER PT J AU McFadden, DT Umberger, W Wilson, J AF McFadden, Dawn Thilmany Umberger, Wendy Wilson, Joshua TI Growing a Niche Market: A Targeted Marketing Plan for Colorado Homestead Ranches SO REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB Colorado Homestead Ranches is one of a number of emerging value-added agricultural enterprises exploring the use of direct marketing to improve profitability and manage the risk inherent in commodity markets. This case study presents the market analysis and marketing channel information they used in developing a strategic marketing plan that includes a focus on consumer interest in production practices, willingness to pay for differentiated beef products and food purchase behavior as they explore further expansion of their business. Students are encouraged to consider targeted marketing strategies and the advantages and disadvantages of various marketing channels available to value-added producers. C1 [McFadden, Dawn Thilmany] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Umberger, Wendy] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Wilson, Joshua] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP McFadden, DT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Umberger, Wendy/B-4588-2008 OI Umberger, Wendy/0000-0003-4159-7782 FU Colorado Ag Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Rural Development Agency; Rocky Mountain Farmers Union FX The authors wish to thank Amanda Ziehl and Ed Sparling for their assistance in developing the survey instrument. The managers of CHR played an integral role in framing the market analysis and case discussion. Funding support for this study came from the Colorado Ag Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture's Rural Development Agency, and Rocky Mountain Farmers Union. Teaching notes for this case study are available from the authors on request. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1058-7195 J9 REV AGR ECON JI Rev. Agric. Econ. PD WIN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 4 BP 984 EP 998 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9353.2009.01478.x PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Business; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 530KL UT WOS:000272589800019 ER PT J AU Forman, S Le Gall, F Belton, D Evans, B Francois, JL Murray, G Sheesley, D Vandersmissen, A Yoshimura, S AF Forman, S. Le Gall, F. Belton, D. Evans, B. Francois, J. L. Murray, G. Sheesley, D. Vandersmissen, A. Yoshimura, S. TI Moving towards the global control of foot and mouth disease: an opportunity for donors SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE Animal diseases; Control; Cost-benefit analysis; Donors; Economic impact; Food security; Foot and mouth disease; Poverty; Veterinary Services ID IMPACT AB Livestock contributes significantly to the world economy. However, animal diseases are still a major constraint on economic growth, the reduction of poverty and food security. Among the most significant diseases is foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious, multi-species animal disease with a devastating impact on national economies and trade. Less obvious is the severe constraint that FMD places on both development and the reduction of poverty in developing countries where this disease is endemic. As a result of its global implications and the high costs that it imposes on society, FMD is an infectious disease whose control and prevention are recognised as being a global public good. Moving towards the global control of FMD should be considered a priority for donors, but will require long-term commitment from all parties, strong political will from governments and concerted financial support from donors. Areas of intervention must fall within the framework of programmes developed by international organisations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), through the FAO/OIE Global Framework for the Progressive Control of FMD and Other Transboundary Animal Diseases, as well as the disease control programmes of the regions concerned. Such a goal should specifically focus on analytical work (micro-economic impact and cost-benefit analyses of FMD at the household level and on the poor), research, surveillance networks, communication, monitoring and evaluation, and continuous strengthening of Veterinary Services. C1 [Forman, S.; Le Gall, F.] World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. [Belton, D.] Minist Agr & Forestry, MAF Biosecur New Zealand, Int Coordinat Policy & Risk Directorate, Wellington, New Zealand. [Evans, B.] Govt Canada, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada. [Francois, J. L.] Minist Affaires Etrangeres Europeennes, Direct Gen Mondialisat Dev & Partenariats, Direct Biens Publ Mondiaux, Secur Alimentaire & Dev Econ DGM BPM ALIM, F-75732 Paris, France. [Murray, G.] Gardner Murray Pty Ltd, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. [Sheesley, D.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Vandersmissen, A.] Commiss European Communities, Directorate Gen External Relat, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. [Yoshimura, S.] Minist Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Div Anim Hlth, Food Safety & Consumer Affairs Bur, Tokyo 1008950, Japan. RP Forman, S (reprint author), World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 883 EP 896 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 587MG UT WOS:000276996000001 PM 20462147 ER PT J AU Stickel, JJ Knutsen, JS Liberatore, MW Luu, W Bousfield, DW Klingenberg, DJ Scott, CT Root, TW Ehrhardt, MR Monz, TO AF Stickel, Jonathan J. Knutsen, Jeffrey S. Liberatore, Matthew W. Luu, Wing Bousfield, Douglas W. Klingenberg, Daniel J. Scott, C. Tim Root, Thatcher W. Ehrhardt, Max R. Monz, Thomas O. TI Rheology measurements of a biomass slurry: an inter-laboratory study SO RHEOLOGICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Yield stress; Shear thinning; Viscoelasticity; Wall slip ID HIGH-SOLIDS CONCENTRATIONS; YIELD-STRESS MEASUREMENTS; CORN STOVER; FIBER SUSPENSIONS; PULP SUSPENSIONS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PARTICLE-SIZE; WALL SLIP; ETHANOL; SHEAR AB The conversion of biomass, specifically lignocellulosic biomass, into fuels and chemicals has recently gained national attention as an alternative to the use of fossil fuels. Increasing the concentration of the biomass solids during biochemical conversion has a large potential to reduce production costs. These concentrated biomass slurries have highly viscous, non-Newtonian behavior that poses several technical challenges to the conversion process. A collaborative effort to measure the rheology of a biomass slurry at four separate laboratories has been undertaken. A comprehensive set of rheological properties were measured using several different rheometers, flow geometries, and experimental methods. The tendency for settling, water evaporation, and wall slip required special care when performing the experiments. The rheological properties were measured at different concentrations up to 30% insoluble solids by mass. The slurry was found to be strongly shear-thinning, to be viscoelastic, and to have a significant concentration-dependent yield stress. The elastic modulus was found to be almost an order of magnitude larger than the loss modulus and weakly dependent on frequency. The techniques and results of this work will be useful to characterize other biomass slurries and in the design of biochemical conversion processing steps that operate at high solids concentrations. C1 [Stickel, Jonathan J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Knutsen, Jeffrey S.; Liberatore, Matthew W.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Luu, Wing; Bousfield, Douglas W.] Univ Maine, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Orono, ME USA. [Klingenberg, Daniel J.; Root, Thatcher W.; Ehrhardt, Max R.; Monz, Thomas O.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Klingenberg, Daniel J.; Root, Thatcher W.; Ehrhardt, Max R.; Monz, Thomas O.] Univ Wisconsin, Rheol Res Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Scott, C. Tim] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Stickel, JJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jonathan.stickel@nrel.gov RI Liberatore, Matthew/B-6828-2008 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2006-35504-17401] FX This work was funded in part by the U. S. Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program and in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35504-17401. J. Stickel would like to thank Christine Roche for help with sample preparation. NR 38 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 61 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0035-4511 EI 1435-1528 J9 RHEOL ACTA JI Rheol. Acta PD DEC PY 2009 VL 48 IS 9 BP 1005 EP 1015 DI 10.1007/s00397-009-0382-8 PG 11 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 510TU UT WOS:000271116000005 ER PT J AU Niedzielski, M Walters, C Luczak, W Hill, LM Wheeler, LJ Puchalski, J AF Niedzielski, Maciej Walters, Christina Luczak, Wieslav Hill, Lisa M. Wheeler, Lana J. Puchalski, Jerzy TI Assessment of variation in seed longevity within rye, wheat and the intergeneric hybrid triticale SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE accelerated ageing; controlled deterioration; dry storage; genebank; persistence; relative humidity; seed quality; storage; water content ID MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA SEEDS; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; CONTROLLED DETERIORATION; HERMETIC STORAGE; ARABIDOPSIS; SURVIVAL; MOISTURE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; TEMPERATURE; GERMINATION AB Seed shelf-life or longevity is difficult to predict or to measure on a practical time scale. Predictive models suggest that water has the same effect on ageing rate for all seed lots within a species and that initial seed quality is the dominating factor explaining within-species variation. These assumptions are used in,accelerated ageing' or 'controlled deterioration' (AA/CD) tests, which are commonly used to predict seed longevity in commercial and research applications. In this study, we describe within-species variation of longevity for seeds of Secale cereale and S. strictum (cultivated rye and its wild progenitor) under typical dry storage conditions of a genebank, and show that initial seed quality is an important, but not sole, factor explaining measured longevity. We also test the correlation of seed longevity, measured under humid and dry conditions, using 50 cultivars of rye, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the intergeneric cross triticale, to assess how well AA/CD tests predict seed shelf-life during dry storage. Known differences in longevity between wheat and rye were confirmed at all water contents, and triticale seeds demonstrated intermediate behaviour. Longevity measured for humid and dry conditions were weakly correlated when comparisons included all grain types and were not correlated in with in-g rain-type comparisons. Response to moisture varied among cultivars. These findings do not support assumptions made in seed ageing models that use AA/CD tests. Our results suggest that more traits are involved in the expression of seed longevity than those typically measured in studies of initial seed vigour. C1 [Walters, Christina; Hill, Lisa M.; Wheeler, Lana J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Niedzielski, Maciej; Luczak, Wieslav; Puchalski, Jerzy] Polish Acad Sci, Bot Garden CBDC, PL-02973 Warsaw, Poland. RP Walters, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM christina.walters@ars.usda.gov NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1017/S0960258509990110 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 522JV UT WOS:000271994700003 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Allen, PS AF Meyer, Susan E. Allen, Phil S. TI Predicting seed dormancy loss and germination timing for Bromus tectorum in a semi-arid environment using hydrothermal time models SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; capacitance sensor; dormancy loss; hydrothermal time; seed zone water potential; thermal afterripening time ID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; THRESHOLD MODELS; TEMPERATURES; DEHYDRATION; POPULATIONS; EMERGENCE; RESPONSES; FIELD AB A principal goal of seed germination modelling for wild species is to predict germination timing under fluctuating field conditions. We coupled our previously developed hydrothermal time, thermal and hydrothermal afterripening time, and hydration-dehydration models for dormancy loss and germination with field seed zone temperature and water potential measurements from early summer through autumn to develop predictions of germination timing for Bromus tectorum at a semi-arid site in north-central Utah, USA. Model predictions were tested with a validation dataset based on concomitant seed retrieval experiments in 2 years. Predictions were generally in agreement with observed field germination time courses, even though integration across multiple precipitation events was necessary. Success of the modelling effort hinged on two factors. First, we used a soil capacitance sensor that measured seed zone (5 mm soil depth) water content accurately over a wide range. Second, simulations were built using physiologically based threshold models that can incorporate differences in germination timing for multiple germination fractions and for multiple stages of dormancy loss. Our results suggest that simulation models using hydrothermal time concepts can predict field germination phenology accurately. Seeds in this study integrated their experiences in a widely fluctuating environment in a manner consistent with the assumptions of hydrothermal time. Such threshold-based models also have the advantage of generality, as these concepts can be applied to many different species, environments and weather scenarios. C1 [Meyer, Susan E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT USA. [Allen, Phil S.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us FU USDA CSREES [93-38300-8688] FX The data collection phase of this research was funded through Grant Number 93-38300-8688 from the USDA CSREES Rangelands Special Grants Program. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 27 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 225 EP 239 DI 10.1017/S0960258509990122 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 522JV UT WOS:000271994700004 ER PT J AU Segal, E Shouse, PJ Bradford, SA Skaggs, TH Corwin, DL AF Segal, Eran Shouse, Peter J. Bradford, Scott A. Skaggs, Todd H. Corwin, Dennis L. TI Measuring Particle Size Distribution Using Laser Diffraction: Implications for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Particle size distribution; laser diffraction; soil hydraulic properties ID POROUS-MEDIA; CONDUCTIVITY; DIFFRACTOMETRY; PIPETTE AB Methods to predict soil hydraulic properties frequently requite information on the particle size distribution (PSD). The objectives of this study were to investigate various protocols for rapidly measuring PSD using the laser diffraction technique, compare the obtained PSD with those determined using the traditional hydrometer-and-sieves method (HSM), and assess the accuracy of soil hydraulic properties predicted from the measured PSD. Ten soil samples encompassing a wide textural range were analyzed using the HSM and 3 different laser diffraction methods (LDM1, LDM2, and LDM3). In LDM1, the soil sample was thoroughly mixed before analysis. In LDM2, the sand fraction was sieved out and analyzed separately from the silt-clay fraction. LDM3 was similar to LDM2 except that the silt-clay fraction was diluted so that a large sample volume could be used while maintaining an acceptable level of obscuration. LDM2 and LDM3 improved the agreement between the PSD with the HSM in comparison to LDM1, without the need of altering the Mie theory parameters or the use of scaling factors. Moreover, a reasonable prediction of measured saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention curve was achieved when using the PSD from LDM2 and LDM3, in conjunction with bulk density information. C1 [Segal, Eran] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Shouse, Peter J.; Bradford, Scott A.; Skaggs, Todd H.; Corwin, Dennis L.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Shouse, PJ (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. EM Pete.Shouse@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS; San Jacinto Resources Conservation District FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS National Program 206 (Manure and Byproduct Utilization) and by a reimbursable agreement with the San Jacinto Resources Conservation District. Although this work has been supported by the USDA, it has not been subjected to Agency review and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Similarly, mention of trade names and company names in this manuscript does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA. The authors also acknowledge the efforts of Mai Lingh Nguyen, Jack Jobes, JoAn Fargerlund, William Roberts, and Alan Nguyen in helping to conduct the studies outlined in this article. The authors also acknowledge the essential collaboration of Bruce Scott on this project. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 174 IS 12 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181c2a928 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 534PE UT WOS:000272908800001 ER PT J AU Ohno, T He, ZQ Tazisong, IA Senwo, ZN AF Ohno, Tsutomu He, Zhongqi Tazisong, Irenus A. Senwo, Zachary N. TI Influence of Tillage, Cropping, and Nitrogen Source on the Chemical Characteristics of Humic Acid, Fulvic Acid, and Water-Soluble Soil Organic Matter Fractions of a Long-Term Cropping System Study SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Humic substances; water-extractable organic matter; soil organic matter; multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy; multiway analysis; PARAFAC ID FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTANCES; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION; EXCITATION; SEQUESTRATION; HUMIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; SORPTION; IMPACT AB The characterization of organic matter in agroecosystems is important because of its involvement in many important soil ecosystem processes. Humic acid, fulvic acid, and water-extractable organic matter from a 9-year agroecosystem study investigating the effects of tillage, cropping system, and N source was characterized using multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The fluorescence spectra suite containing all three types of organic matter fractions was modeled by five PARAFAC components. The distribution of component concentrations was unique to each type of organic matter fraction, indicating that these operational extracted fractions reflect differing chemical pools of soil organic matter. The three treatment factors (tillage, cropping, and N source) investigated in this study did not affect the component distribution of the humic and fulvic acid fractions that are regarded as the refractory pools of soil organic matter. In contrast, the component distribution of the more labile water-extractable organic matter fraction was significantly affected by the N source treatment. The results of this study support the use of multidimensional fluorescence spectroscopy with PARAFAC as a method to investigate how management practices of agroecosystems affect the dynamics and chemical nature of soil organic matter pools. C1 [Ohno, Tsutomu] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [He, Zhongqi] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME USA. [Tazisong, Irenus A.; Senwo, Zachary N.] Alabama A&M Univ, Sch Agr & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. RP Ohno, T (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, 5722 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM ohno@maine.edu OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-35107-13628]; Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2003-35107-13628 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and has also been supported by Hatch finds provided by the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. This is MAFES Journal Paper No. 3082. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 174 IS 12 BP 652 EP 660 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181c30808 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 534PE UT WOS:000272908800003 ER PT J AU He, ZQ Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Jenkins, MB AF He, Zhongqi Endale, Dinku M. Schomberg, Harry H. Jenkins, Michael B. TI Total Phosphorus, Zinc, Copper, and Manganese Concentrations in Cecil Soil Through 10 Years of Poultry Litter Application SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE No-till; conservation tillage; environmental risk ID BROILER LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; ACCUMULATION; TILLAGE; IMPACT; WATER AB Poultry litter (PL) is an inexpensive and effective source of plant nutrients. However, overapplication could result in phosphorus (P) and heavy metal accumulation in soils. A field experiment evaluating PL application to a Cecil soil used for cotton and corn production has been maintained for 10 years. At the end of the cotton phase (i.e., the first 5 years), PL annually applied at 4.5 Mg ha(-1) did not increase concentrations of total soil P, zinc (Zn), Cu, or manganese. During the corn phase (i.e. the second 5 years), PL application rates were increased from two to four times that used for cotton partly because of corn's greater N demand. With this change, the average total P in the surface 15-cm soil nearly doubled to about 560 mg kg(-1) of dry soil in both conventional till and no-till fields at the end of the corn phase. During the same time, Cu increased from 7 to 22 mg kg(-1) and Zn increased from 17 to 32 mg kg(-1) of dry soil. Levels of manganese were basically unchanged. Total P and Cu also increased in the 15- to 30-cm depth, with concentrations in the 0 to 15 cm being 1.8 to two times that in the 15 to 30 cm for P and approximately two times for Cu. Relationships between extractable versus total P and Zn changed at a threshold point beyond which extractable P and Zn increased at more than double the initial rate. It seems that once accumulation of P and Zn exceeded the soil buffer capacity nutrient availability was significantly altered. Therefore, close monitoring of soil nutrients especially P is essential to avoid over application of PL that may potentially pose environmental risks for water Pollution. C1 [He, Zhongqi] ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Endale, Dinku M.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Jenkins, Michael B.] ARS, USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. RP He, ZQ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM Zhongqi.He@ars.usda.gov OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 FU USDA-CSREES NRI; US. Poultry and Egg Association FX The study was partially funded under two USDA-CSREES NRI grants and one US. Poultry and Egg Association grant. The authors thank Stephen Norris, Robin Woodroof Timothy Foard, Johnny Doster Leigh Robichaux, Bill Nutt, John Rema, Burt Schutza, Robert Sheats, Beth Barton, Fred Hale, Robert Martin, Clara Parker Ronald Phillips, Debbie Beese, Stephanie Steed, and Mike Thornton for competent field and laboratory technical support. The authors thank Dr John Phillips, Dr Dwight Seman, and Mr. Tony Dillard for their assistance with statistical analysis. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 174 IS 12 BP 687 EP 695 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181c30821 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 534PE UT WOS:000272908800006 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Ugalde, O Virto, I Bescansa, P Imaz, MJ Enrique, A Karlen, DL AF Fernandez-Ugalde, O. Virto, I. Bescansa, P. Imaz, M. J. Enrique, A. Karlen, D. L. TI No-tillage improvement of soil physical quality in calcareous, degradation-prone, semiarid soils SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rainfed agriculture; Semiarid land; Physical quality; No-tillage; Soil structure; Soil water ID WATER-STABLE AGGREGATION; ROOT-GROWTH; ORGANIC-MATTER; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; LONG-TERM; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; ZERO-TILLAGE; BULK-DENSITY; SYSTEMS AB Many soils in the semiarid Mediterranean Ebro Valley of Spain are prone to physical and chemical degradation due to their silty texture, low organic matter content, and presence of carbonates, gypsum or other soluble salts. Rainfed agriculture on these soils is also hindered by the scarcity of water. No-tillage can increase plant-available water and soil organic matter, thus helping overcome most factors limiting crop production in this area. Our objective was to determine how conventional- and no-tillage practices affected soil physical quality indicators and water availability in an on-farm study in the Ebro Valley. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 5-, 5 to 15-, and 15 to 30-cm depth increments within adjacent farmer-managed conventional- and no-tillage fields in 2007 and 2008. Both fields were managed for continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. The soil at both sites is a silt loam (Haplic Calcisol). Aggregate-size distribution and stability, soil water retention characteristics, organic carbon, and total carbonates were determined in 2007. Pore-size distribution was estimated from the water retention curve. Penetration resistance, soil bulk density and field water content during the entire crop growing season were measured for both fields in 2008. Aggregate dry mean weight diameter and stability in water were 1.2 and 2.2 times greater, respectively, under no-tillage than conventional tillage due to reduced mechanical disturbance and increased soil organic carbon content. Bulk density was 1.12 times greater (P < 0.1) under no-tillage only in the 0-5-cm depth. Two times greater penetration resistance to a depth of 15 cm in this treatment was related to bulk density and aggregates stability. Field water content was greater with no-tillage than conventional tillage during the driest months in 2008. The volume of equivalent diameter pores (0.2-9 mu m) was 1.5 times higher under no-tillage. This increased plant-available water content and doubled barley production under no-tillage in 2008, which was a very dry year. We conclude that despite the greater penetration resistance under no-tillage, increased water availability as a result of improved structure characteristics was more important for crop yield. This suggests that producers should seriously consider adopting no-tillage practices for soil conservation in semiarid degraded areas like the one studied. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fernandez-Ugalde, O.; Virto, I.; Bescansa, P.; Imaz, M. J.; Enrique, A.] Univ Publ Navarra, Dept Ciencias Media Nat, ETSI Agron, Pamplona 31006, Spain. [Karlen, D. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fernandez-Ugalde, O (reprint author), Univ Publ Navarra, Dept Ciencias Media Nat, ETSI Agron, Campus Arrosadia, Pamplona 31006, Spain. EM oihane.fernandez@unavarra.es RI Virto, Inigo/L-9915-2015 OI Virto, Inigo/0000-0002-7682-4570 FU Instituto Nacional de lnvestigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) FX This research was supported by the "Instituto Nacional de lnvestigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria" (INIA). The authors thank the Basque Government for the pre-doctorate grant to O. Fernandez-Ugaide and the USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory for the assistance during the research internship of O. Fernandez-Ugalde in their laboratories. We also thank Dra Angela Bosch from Universitat de Lleida for her critical review of our work. NR 43 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 11 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.still.2009.09.012 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 536TS UT WOS:000273067300005 ER PT J AU Cerda, A Flanagan, DC le Bissonnais, Y Boardman, J AF Cerda, Artemi Flanagan, Dennis C. le Bissonnais, Yves Boardman, John TI Soil erosion and agriculture Preface SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cerda, Artemi] Univ Valencia, Dept Geog, Valencia 46010, Spain. [Flanagan, Dennis C.] INRA, UMR LISAH, F-34060 Montpellier, France. [le Bissonnais, Yves] Univ Oxford, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Boardman, John] ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cerda, A (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Dept Geog, Blasco Ibanez 28, Valencia 46010, Spain. EM artemio.cerda@uv.es; flanagan@purdue.edu; lebisson@ensam.inra.fr; john.boardman@environmental-change.oxford.ac.uk RI Le Bissonnais, Yves/A-3448-2011; Cerda, Artemi/I-4670-2013; Le Bissonnais, Yves/R-5413-2016 OI Le Bissonnais, Yves/0000-0002-8234-9104; Cerda, Artemi/0000-0001-5326-4489; Le Bissonnais, Yves/0000-0002-8234-9104 NR 8 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.still.2009.10.006 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 536TS UT WOS:000273067300015 ER PT J AU Racelis, AE Goolsby, JA Moran, P AF Racelis, Alexis E. Goolsby, John A. Moran, Patrick TI Seasonality and Movement of Adventive Populations of the Arundo Wasp (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a Biological Control Agent of Giant Reed in the Lower Rio Grande Basin in South Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TETRAMESA-ROMANA; TAMARIX SPP.; DONAX-L.; CLIMATE; DISTRIBUTIONS; COLEOPTERA; RANGE; CHRYSOMELIDAE; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB The arundo wasp, Tetramesa romana Walker, has been permitted as a biological control agent for the invasive perennial grass, the giant reed, Arundo donax L. Evidence of adventive populations of the arundo wasp in the Lower Rio Grande Basin was confirmed with a spatio-temporal survey spanning more than 350 river miles. A total of 2,414 adult females of T. romana was collected during a 14-month period of study in 2008-2009. This study documents the initial locations and regional expansion of two adventive populations of T romana, centered around the cities of Eagle Pass and Laredo, TX. Peaks in T romana abundance in August 2008 and June 2009 indicate a region-wide positive association between abundance of T romana and warm summer temperatures. Correlations between site-specific abundance data and weather suggest the presence of population-specific associations with both temperature and rainfall. C1 [Racelis, Alexis E.; Goolsby, John A.; Moran, Patrick] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Racelis, AE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.3958/059.034.0401 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100001 ER PT J AU Goolsby, JA Spencer, D Whitehand, L AF Goolsby, John A. Spencer, David Whitehand, Linda TI Pre-release Assessment of Impact on Arundo donax by the Candidate Biological Control Agents Tetramesa romana (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) under Quarantine Conditions SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MACFADYENA-UNGUIS-CATI; CARVALHOTINGIS-VISENDA; EFFICACY ASSESSMENT; POTENTIAL IMPACT; GIANT REED; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; AUSTRALIA; ATTACK; L. AB Impact by two potential biological control agents, Tetramesa romana Walker and Rhizaspidiotus donacis (Leonardi), on the invasive weed, giant reed, Arundo donax L., was assessed in a quarantine greenhouse before release. Tetramesa romana alone and T. romana plus R. donacis significantly damaged A. donax by suppressing leaf and stem lengths and stimulated production of side branches during a 12-week period. R. donacis plus T. romana only slightly more impacted the plant than did T. romana alone, most likely because of the longer life cycle of R. donacis that may require a longer period of time to cause measurable damage. No negative interactions were observed between the two candidate biological control agents. Therefore, based on their potential to significantly damage A. donax under greenhouse conditions and their narrow host ranges, T. romana and R. donacis are suitable candidates for biological control of this invasive reed grass in North America. C1 [Goolsby, John A.] ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Spencer, David] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Davis, CA USA. [Whitehand, Linda] ARS, USDA, Biometr Serv, Albany, CA USA. RP Goolsby, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM john.goolsby@ars.usda.gov FU USDAAPHIS-PPQ-CPHST-PDDML, Edinburg, TX; USDAARS, European Biological Control Laboratory, Montpellier, France; US Department of Homeland Security; Science and Technology Directorate; Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council, Weslaco, TX; City of Laredo, TX FX The authors thank Sarah Snavely, Ann Vacek, and Crystal Salinas for technical support. Quarantine facilities for the research were provided by USDAAPHIS-PPQ-CPHST-PDDML, Edinburg, TX The biological control agents evaluated in the study were originally discovered and collected by Alan Kirk, USDAARS, European Biological Control Laboratory, Montpellier, France. Additional funding for the research was provided by the US Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate and the Lower Rio Grande Valley Development Council, Weslaco, TX. Plant material was provided by Hidalgo County Irrigation District #2 and the City of Laredo, TX. Helpful reviews of the manuscript were received from Lincoln Smith and Joe Balciunas, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 359 EP 376 DI 10.3958/059.034.0402 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100002 ER PT J AU Seawright, EK Rister, ME Lacewell, RD McCorkle, DA Sturdivant, AW Yang, CH Goolsby, JA AF Seawright, Emily K. Rister, M. Edward Lacewell, Ronald D. McCorkle, Dean A. Sturdivant, Allen W. Yang, Chenghai Goolsby, John A. TI Economic Implications for the Biological Control of Arundo donax: Rio Grande Basin SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GIANT REED AB Giant reed, Arundo donax L., is a large, bamboo-like plant native to the Mediterranean region. It has invaded several thousand hectares of the Rio Grande riparian habitat in Texas and Mexico. The United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) is investigating four herbivore insects as potential biological control agents for giant reed. One of the most important reasons for targeting this invasive weed is to reduce its impact on available water supplies, especially in the Rio Grande Basin. This study examined selected economic implications of this program for agricultural water users in the U.S. The research included (a) estimating the value of the water saved (to agricultural purposes) by reduction of giant reed, (b) benefit-cost analyses, (c) regional economic impact analyses, and (d) an estimate of the per-unit life-cycle cost of water saved during a 50-year planning horizon (2009 through 2058). Positive results related to the benefit-cost ratio, economic impact analyses, and competitive results for the per-unit life-cycle cost of saving water are associated with the biological control project for giant reed. The benefit-cost ratio, calculated with normalized prices, indicates $4.38 of benefits for every dollar of public investment. According to 2009 results for the economic impact analyses, economic output is $22,000, value-added is $11,000, and no employment is supported by the water savings from giant reed. Additionally, the per-unit cost of water saved is $44.08, a value comparable to other projects designed to increase water supply for the region. These results indicate this program will have positive net economic implications for the U.S. and the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. C1 [Seawright, Emily K.; Rister, M. Edward; Lacewell, Ronald D.; McCorkle, Dean A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Sturdivant, Allen W.] Texas AgriLife Extens Serv, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Yang, Chenghai; Goolsby, John A.] ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Seawright, EK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, 2124 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. FU USDA-ARS [58-6204-8-051]; USGS Student Research Grant; TWRI; Rio Grande Basin Initiative [2006-503772-93041, 2007-628460-99022] FX Support is gratefully acknowledged to the USDA-ARS (contract 58-6204-8-051), USGS Student Research Grant, TWRI, and the Rio Grande Basin Initiative (contracts 2006-503772-93041 and 2007-628460-99022) for funding and supporting this research. Additionally, the authors thank the collaborators for providing support through additional research for the project. Any copyrights, trademarks, or registered names used in this article are not an endorsement by the authors. Rather, these copyrights, trademarks, and registered names are used for clarification and better understanding of the material for the reader. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 377 EP 394 DI 10.3958/059.034.0403 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100003 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Liu, TX Adamczyk, JJ AF Greenberg, S. M. Liu, Tong-Xian Adamczyk, J. J. TI Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Cotton in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas: Species Composition, Seasonal Abundance, Damage, and Control SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TABACI THYSANOPTERA; SOUTH TEXAS AB Species, seasonal abundance, damage, control, and predaceous natural enemies of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., were determined at two sites from 2005 to 2007 in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Thrips can stunt growth and reduce yield potential. Seven species of thrips were found. When the cotton field was 0.5 km from commercial onion, Allium cepa L., the predominant species were western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (61.7%) and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (27.2%). A cotton field 50 km from a commercial onion-growing area was infested with western flower thrips (68.5%) and bean thrips, Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande) (29.2%). At both fields, cotton seedlings from the cotyledon to 3-4-true leaf stages were most susceptible to onion thrips. Western flower thrips and bean thrips were found predominantly on 5- to 6-true-leaf stage and older cotton. Thrips were found in cotton at the beginning of the growing season and increased gradually in abundance, peaking in mid-May to late June. Predators on cotton were: minute pirate bugs, Orius spp.; lady beetles, Hippodamia spp.; green lacewing, Chrysopa rufilabris (Burmeister); bigeyed bugs, Geocoris spp.; spiders, Argiope spp., and syrphid flies, Syrphus spp. Orius spp. were the most abundant predators (69.5% on nontreated cotton). Heavy rainfall temporarily reduced abundance of thrips on cotton. The systemic insecticides thiamethoxam (Cruiser (TM)) and imidacloprid (Gaucho Grande (TM)) applied to seeds protected cotton from thrips for as long as 30 days after planting. C1 [Liu, Tong-Xian] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, Texas AgriLife Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Greenberg, S. M.; Adamczyk, J. J.] ARS, BIRU, KSARC, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Entomol, Texas AgriLife Res, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tx-liu@tamu.edu NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 417 EP 430 DI 10.3958/059.034.0406 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100006 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Jones, WA Liu, TX AF Greenberg, Shoil M. Jones, Walker A. Liu, Tong-Xian TI Tritrophic Interactions among Host Plants, Whiteflies, and Parasitoids SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; ENCARSIA-PERGANDIELLA HYMENOPTERA; ERETMOCERUS-MUNDUS MERCET; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; APHELINIDAE; SUITABILITY; GENNADIUS; COTTON AB Effects of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; green bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L.; and sweet potato, lpomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; on mortality and development of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype 13; bandedwinged whitefly, Trialeurodes abutilonea (Haldeman); and greenhouse whitefly, T. vaporariorum (Westwood); and on the key biological parameters of an exotic parasitoid species, Eretmocerus mundus Mercet, and an indigenous parasitoid, Encarsia pergandiella Howard, were compared in the laboratory. Cotton was most suitable for sweetpotato whitefly, and bean was most suitable for greenhouse whitefly. No significant differences were found between these two whitefly species on sweet potato. Preimaginal mortality of sweetpotato whitefly on cotton was 35.2% versus 77.3% of greenhouse whitefly. Developmental time of sweetpotato whitefly was significantly shorter (17.5 days) than that of greenhouse whitefly (23.2 days). The mortality and developmental time of bandedwinged whitefly did not differ on the different host plants. Parasitism by Er. mundus was greatest in sweetpotato whitefly and least in greenhouse whitefly when both whiteflies were reared on cotton. Parasitism of bandedwinged whitefly was intermediate. Parasitism by En. pergandiella was significantly greater than that by Er. mundus attacking the same whitefly species reared on bean or cotton, except parasitism of sweetpotato whitefly. Emergence of Er. mundus was greatest from sweetpotato whitefly on cotton, and least for bandedwinged whitefly on bean. Emergence of En. pergandiella was significantly greater than that of Er. mundus among host plants and whitefly species except sweetpotato whitefly. C1 [Greenberg, Shoil M.] ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX USA. [Jones, Walker A.] ARS, USDA, European Biol Control Lab, Montpellier, France. [Liu, Tong-Xian] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Vegetable IPM Lab, Weslaco, TX USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), ARS, BIRU, SARC, USDA, Weslaco, TX USA. EM shoil.greenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 431 EP 445 DI 10.3958/059.034.0407 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100007 ER PT J AU Berkebile, DR Weinhold, AP Taylor, DB AF Berkebile, Dennis R. Weinhold, Anthony P. Taylor, David B. TI A New Method for Collecting Clean Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae of Known Age SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CALCITRANS L DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; SPALANGIA CAMERONI; FEED-EFFICIENCY; LARVAE; PTEROMALIDAE; PUPARIATION; HYMENOPTERA; SELECTION; PUPATION AB Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L., are important pests of confined and pasture cattle. They have been reared in the laboratory to study their biology and to test new methods of control. Research on rearing modifications has concentrated on developing larval diets from materials locally abundant. Under current protocols, pupae form in the medium. Aggregations of pupae were located and removed, often with a considerable amount of extraneous material. Various methods have been developed to separate the pupae from waste material. We describe a method by which wandering larvae are enticed to leave the medium prior to pupariation. The larvae were attracted to a moist cloth on a shelf positioned at the end of the rearing pan. Almost 85% of the wandering larvae were collected on the shelf. This simplifies obtaining clean pupae and allows for collecting pupae of known age for experimental work. We also include data on the rate at which the larvae wandered onto the shelf under conditions we used in the laboratory. C1 [Berkebile, Dennis R.; Weinhold, Anthony P.; Taylor, David B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, AMRU, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Berkebile, DR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, AMRU, 305 Entomol Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 FU Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources; University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE FX This work was done in cooperation with the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. The authors thank Jerry-Hogsette, Muhammad Chaudhury, and Shripat Kamble for reviewing earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 469 EP 476 DI 10.3958/059.034.0410 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100010 ER PT J AU Esquivel, JF Anderson, RM Droleskey, RE AF Esquivel, Jesus F. Anderson, Roger M. Droleskey, Robert E. TI A Visual Guide for Identification of Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Central Texas SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Esquivel, Jesus F.; Anderson, Roger M.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Droleskey, Robert E.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. RP Esquivel, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 485 EP 488 DI 10.3958/059.034.0412 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100012 ER PT J AU Flores, D Carlson, J AF Flores, Daniel Carlson, Jason TI Fortuitous Establishment of Rhyzobius lophanthae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphytis lingnanesis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in South Texas on the Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 [Flores, Daniel; Carlson, Jason] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX USA. RP Flores, D (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST,Mission Lab, Edinburg, TX USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 34 IS 4 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.3958/059.034.0413 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 538QM UT WOS:000273199100013 ER PT J AU Kwon, YK Kang, MS Kang, MI Lipatov, AS Swayne, DE AF Kwon, Y. K. Kang, M. S. Kang, M. I. Lipatov, A. S. Swayne, D. E. TI Mammalian Models for Studies of Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses with Meat from Infected Poultry SO THAI JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Meeting of the Asian-Society-of-Veterinary-Pathologists CY NOV 19-20, 2009 CL Chualongkorn Univ, Bangkok, THAILAND SP Asian Soc Vet Pathol HO Chualongkorn Univ DE animals; comparative pathology; H5N1; HPAI infection ID EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY; BIRDS; DUCKS C1 [Kwon, Y. K.; Kang, M. S.] Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 480, South Korea. [Kang, M. I.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Lipatov, A. S.; Swayne, D. E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Kwon, YK (reprint author), Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang 480, South Korea. EM kwonyk@nvrqs.go.kr NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHULALONGKORN UNIV PI BANGKOK PA FAC VETERINARY SCI, HENRI DUNANT RD, BANGKOK, 10330, THAILAND SN 0125-6491 J9 THAI J VET MED JI Thai J. Vet. Med. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 4 BP 462 EP 463 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 534TH UT WOS:000272919700078 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Zhu, CS Barkley, NA Chen, ZB Erpelding, JE Murray, SC Tuinstra, MR Tesso, T Pederson, GA Yu, JM AF Wang, Ming L. Zhu, Chengsong Barkley, Noelle A. Chen, Zhenbang Erpelding, John E. Murray, Seth C. Tuinstra, Mitchell R. Tesso, Tesfaye Pederson, Gary A. Yu, Jianming TI Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of accessions in the US historic sweet sorghum collection SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SSR MARKERS; FEEDSTOCK; GERMPLASM; INFERENCE; SEQUENCE; QTL; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION AB Sweet sorghum has the potential to become a versatile feedstock for large-scale bioenergy production given its sugar from stem juice, cellulose/hemicellulose from stalks, and starch from grain. However, for researchers to maximize its feedstock potential a first step includes additional evaluations of the 2,180 accessions with varied origins in the US historic sweet sorghum collection. To assess genetic diversity of this collection for bioenergy breeding and population structure for association mapping, we selected 96 accessions and genotyped them with 95 simple sequence repeat markers. Subsequent genetic diversity and population structure analysis methods identified four subpopulations in this panel, which correlated well with the geographic locations where these accessions originated or were collected. Model comparisons for three quantitative traits revealed different levels of population structure effects on flowering time, plant height, and brix. Our results suggest that diverse germplasm accessions curated from different geographical regions should be considered for plant breeding programs to develop sweet sorghum cultivars or hybrids, and that this sweet sorghum panel can be further explored for association mapping. C1 [Wang, Ming L.; Barkley, Noelle A.; Pederson, Gary A.] USDA ARS, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Zhu, Chengsong; Tesso, Tesfaye; Yu, Jianming] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, Zhenbang] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Erpelding, John E.] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Murray, Seth C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Tuinstra, Mitchell R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wang, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, PGRCU, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mingli.wang@ars.usda.gov; jyu@ksu.edu RI Barkley, Noelle/C-5815-2008; Zhu, Chengsong/F-8045-2011; OI Yu, Jianming/0000-0001-5326-3099 FU USDA-ARS; Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission; Kansas State University; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [2006-35300-17155] FX The authors gratefully thank Dr. Tom Hash for sharing unpublished SSR marker information, Dr. Xiyin Wang for searching the chromosome location of assayed DNA markers, Ms. Lee-Ann Chalkley and Tiffany Fields for processing and distribution the sorghum accessions, and Ms. Merrelyn Spinks for helping search the GRIN database. This project is supported by USDA-ARS, Kansas Grain Sorghum Commission, Kansas State University Targeted Excellence Program in Sorghum Translational Genomics, and the National Research Initiative (NRI) Plant Genome Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Grant no. 2006-35300-17155. NR 38 TC 56 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 120 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1155-6 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 521RF UT WOS:000271939900002 PM 19760215 ER PT J AU Iniguez-Luy, FL Lukens, L Farnham, MW Amasino, RM Osborn, TC AF Luis Iniguez-Luy, Federico Lukens, Lewis Farnham, Mark W. Amasino, Richard M. Osborn, Thomas C. TI Development of public immortal mapping populations, molecular markers and linkage maps for rapid cycling Brassica rapa and B. oleracea SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-FRAGMENT-LENGTH; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; POLYMORPHISM LOCI; FLOWERING TIME; OILSEED RAPE; SYN CAMPESTRIS; NAPUS GENOME; GENETIC-MAP; C GENOMES AB Publicly available genomic tools help researchers integrate information and make new discoveries. In this paper, we describe the development of immortal mapping populations of rapid cycling, self-compatible lines, molecular markers, and linkage maps for Brassica rapa and B. oleracea and make the data and germplasm available to the Brassica research community. The B. rapa population consists of 160 recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from the cross of highly inbred lines of rapid cycling and yellow sarson B. rapa. The B. oleracea population consists of 155 double haploid (DH) lines derived from an F1 cross between two DH lines, rapid cycling and broccoli. A total of 120 RFLP probes, 146 SSR markers, and one phenotypic trait (flower color) were used to construct genetic linkage maps for both species. The B. rapa map consists of 224 molecular markers distributed along 10 linkage groups (A1-A10) with a total distance of 1125.3 cM and a marker density of 5.7 cM/marker. The B. oleracea genetic map consists of 279 molecular markers and one phenotypic marker distributed along nine linkage groups (C1-C9) with a total distance of 891.4 cM and a marker density of 3.2 cM/marker. A syntenic analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana identified collinear genomic blocks that are in agreement with previous studies, reinforcing the idea of conserved chromosomal regions across the Brassicaceae. C1 [Luis Iniguez-Luy, Federico] Agri Aquaculture Nutr Genom Ctr, UBP, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile. [Luis Iniguez-Luy, Federico] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lukens, Lewis] Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Farnham, Mark W.] USDA ARS, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Amasino, Richard M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Osborn, Thomas C.] Seminis Vegetables Seeds, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. RP Iniguez-Luy, FL (reprint author), Agri Aquaculture Nutr Genom Ctr, UBP, INIA Carillanca, POB 58-D, Temuco, Chile. EM federicoiniguez@cgna.cl NR 60 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 8 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 120 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1157-4 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 521RF UT WOS:000271939900004 PM 19784615 ER PT J AU Abeysekara, NS Friesen, TL Keller, B Faris, JD AF Abeysekara, Nilwala S. Friesen, Timothy L. Keller, Beat Faris, Justin D. TI Identification and characterization of a novel host-toxin interaction in the wheat-Stagonospora nodorum pathosystem SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; GLUME BLOTCH RESISTANCE; CHROMOSOME BIN MAP; WINTER-WHEAT; SELECTIVE TOXINS; TSN1-TOXA INTERACTION; PROTEIN TOXIN; TSN1 GENE; TAN SPOT; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Stagonospora nodorum, casual agent of Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat, produces a number of host-selective toxins (HSTs) known to be important in disease. To date, four HSTs and corresponding host sensitivity genes have been reported, and all four host-toxin interactions are significant factors in the development of disease. Here, we describe the identification and partial characterization of a fifth S. nodorum produced HST designated SnTox4. The toxin, estimated to be 10-30 kDa in size, was found to be proteinaceous in nature. Sensitivity to SnTox4 is governed by a single dominant gene, designated Snn4, which mapped to the short arm of wheat chromosome 1A in a recombinant inbred (RI) population. The compatible Snn4-SnTox4 interaction is light dependent and results in a mottled necrotic reaction, which is different from the severe necrosis that results from other host-toxin interactions in the wheat-S. nodorum pathosystem. QTL analysis in a population of 200 RI lines derived from the Swiss winter wheat varieties Arina and Forno revealed a major QTL for SNB susceptibility that coincided with the Snn4 locus. This QTL, designated QSnb.fcu-1A, explained 41.0% of the variation in disease on leaves of seedlings indicating that a compatible Snn4-SnTox4 interaction plays a major role in the development of SNB in this population. Additional minor QTL detected on the short arms of chromosomes 2A and 3A accounted for 5.4 and 6.0% of the variation, respectively. The effects of the three QTL were largely additive, and together they explained 50% of the total phenotypic variation. These results provide further evidence that host-toxin interactions in the wheat-S. nodorum pathosystem follow an inverse gene-for-gene model. C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Abeysekara, Nilwala S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Keller, Beat] Univ Zurich, Inst Plant Biol, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM justin.faris@ars.usda.gov OI Keller, Beat/0000-0003-2379-9225 FU USDA-ARS CRIS projects [5442-21000-033, 5442-22000-037]; Swiss SNF [105620] FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-21000-033 and 5442-22000-037, and Swiss SNF grant 105620. NR 45 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 120 IS 1 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1163-6 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 521RF UT WOS:000271939900010 PM 19816671 ER PT J AU Romano, GB Sacks, EJ Stetina, SR Robinson, AF Fang, DD Gutierrez, OA Scheffler, JA AF Romano, Gabriela Beatriz Sacks, Erik J. Stetina, Salliana R. Robinson, A. Forest Fang, David D. Gutierrez, Osman A. Scheffler, Jodi A. TI Identification and genomic location of a reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) resistance locus (Ren (ari) ) introgressed from Gossypium aridum into upland cotton (G. hirsutum) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SHOWING SEGREGATION DISTORTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD MODELS; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES; INCOGNITA RACE 3; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; ALLOTETRAPLOID COTTON; LONGICALYX HUTCH.; GERMPLASM LINES; DIPLOID COTTON AB In this association mapping study, a tri-species hybrid, [Gossypium arboreum x (G. hirsutum x G. aridum)(2)], was crossed with MD51ne (G. hirsutum) and progeny from the cross were used to identify and map SSR markers associated with reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) resistance. Seventy-six progeny (the 50 most resistant and 26 most susceptible) plants were genotyped with 104 markers. Twenty-five markers were associated with a resistance locus that we designated Ren (ari) and two markers, BNL3279_132 and BNL2662_090, mapped within 1 cM of Ren (ari) . Because the SSR fragments associated with resistance were found in G. aridum and the bridging line G 371, G. aridum is the likely source of this resistance. The resistance is simply inherited, possibly controlled by a single dominant gene. The markers identified in this project are a valuable resource to breeders and geneticists in the quest to produce cotton cultivars with a high level of resistance to reniform nematode. C1 [Romano, Gabriela Beatriz; Sacks, Erik J.; Stetina, Salliana R.; Fang, David D.; Scheffler, Jodi A.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Robinson, A. Forest] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Gutierrez, Osman A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Scheffler, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM gabriela.romano@ars.usda.gov; Jodi.Scheffler@ars.usda.gov OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 FU Cotton Inc. FX The authors are indebted to Sheron Simpson and the MSA Genomics Center for the fragment analysis, Hans Hinrichsen for germplasm maintenance, Jennifer Tonos for assisting with some of the pollinations, Pameka Johnson for tissue and primer preparation; Robin Jordan for DNA extractions; Kristi Jordan, and Mike Gafford for assistance with reniform nematode resistance screening, and Peggy Thaxton (DREC, Stoneville, MS) for providing the LONREN-1 breeding material. Cotton Inc. (Cary NC) provided funding for primers used in this project. We also thank Drs. Jack McCarty and Jeff Ray and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions on how to improve this manuscript. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 120 IS 1 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1165-4 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 521RF UT WOS:000271939900012 PM 19830404 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Harris, KR Meyer, JDF Levi, A Guner, N Wehner, TC Bendahmane, A Havey, MJ AF Ling, Kai-Shu Harris, Karen R. Meyer, Jenelle D. F. Levi, Amnon Guner, Nihat Wehner, Todd C. Bendahmane, Abdelhafid Havey, Michael J. TI Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the watermelon eIF4E gene are closely associated with resistance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSLATION INITIATION-FACTORS; RECESSIVE POTYVIRUS RESISTANCE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BYMOVIRUS RESISTANCE; MOTTLE-VIRUS; LINKAGE MAP; PVR1 LOCUS; RNA VIRUS; 4E; INFECTION AB Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is one of the most economically important potyviruses infecting cucurbit crops worldwide. Using a candidate gene approach, we cloned and sequenced eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E gene segments in watermelon. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences between the ZYMV-resistant watermelon plant introduction PI 595203 (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) and the ZYMV-susceptible watermelon cultivar 'New Hampshire Midget' ('NHM') showed the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Initial analysis of the identified SNPs in association studies indicated that SNPs in the eIF4E, but not eIF(iso)4E, were closely associated to the phenotype of ZYMV-resistance in 70 F(2) and 114 BC(1R) progenies. Subsequently, we focused our efforts in obtaining the entire genomic sequence of watermelon eIF4E. Three SNPs were identified between PI 595203 and NHM. One of the SNPs (A241C) was in exon 1 and the other two SNPs (C309A and T554G) were in the first intron of the gene. SNP241 which resulted in an amino acid substitution (proline to threonine) was shown to be located in the critical cap recognition and binding area, similar to that of several plant species resistance to potyviruses. Analysis of a cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) marker derived from this SNP in F(2) and BC(1R) populations demonstrated a cosegregation between the CAPS-2 marker and their ZYMV resistance or susceptibility phenotype. When we investigated whether such SNP mutation in the eIF4E was also conserved in several other PIs of C. lanatus var. citroides, we identified a different SNP (A171G) resulting in another amino acid substitution (D71G) from four ZYMV-resistant C. lanatus var. citroides (PI 244018, PI 482261, PI 482299, and PI 482322). Additional CAPS markers were also identified. Availability of all these CAPS markers will enable marker-aided breeding of watermelon for ZYMV resistance. C1 [Ling, Kai-Shu; Harris, Karen R.; Levi, Amnon] ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Meyer, Jenelle D. F.; Havey, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA, ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Guner, Nihat; Wehner, Todd C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bendahmane, Abdelhafid] INRA, CNRS, UMR1165, Unite Rech Genom Vegetale, F-91057 Evry, France. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 120 IS 1 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1169-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 521RF UT WOS:000271939900016 PM 19820912 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Riley, RT Snook, ME Gelineau-van Waes, J AF Voss, Kenneth A. Riley, Ronald T. Snook, Maurice E. Gelineau-van Waes, Janee TI Reproductive and Sphingolipid Metabolic Effects of Fumonisin B-1 and its Alkaline Hydrolysis Product in LM/Bc Mice: Hydrolyzed Fumonisin B-1 Did Not Cause Neural Tube Defects SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fumonisins; hydrolyzed fumonisin B-1; nixtamalization; reproductive toxicity; sphingolipids ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE; CULTURE MATERIAL; B6C3F(1) MICE; IN-VITRO; TOXICITY; RATS; CORN; MYCOTOXIN; TORTILLAS AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides. They are toxic to animals and exert their effects through mechanisms involving disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. Fumonisins are converted to their hydrolyzed analogs by alkaline cooking (nixtamalization). Both fumonisins and hydrolyzed fumonisins are found in nixtamalized foods such as tortillas, and consumption of tortillas has been implicated as a risk factor for neural tube defects (NTD). Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) induced NTD when given (ip) to pregnant LM/Bc mice; however, neither the NTD induction potential of hydrolyzed fumonisin B-1 (HFB1) nor its affect on sphingolipid metabolism in pregnant mice have been reported. The teratogenic potential of FB1 and HFB1 was therefore compared using the LM/Bc mouse model. Dams were dosed (ip) with 2.5, 5.0, 10, or 20 mg/kg (< 49 mu mol/kg) body weight (bw) HFB1 on embryonic day (E)7-E8. Negative and positive control groups were given vehicle or 10 mg/kg (14 mu mol/kg) bw FB1, respectively. The high dose of HFB1 disrupted sphingolipid metabolism, albeit slightly, but did not cause maternal liver lesions or NTD (n = 8-10 litters per group). In contrast, 10 mg/kg bw FB1 markedly disrupted maternal sphingolipid metabolism, caused hepatic apoptosis in the dams, increased fetal death rates, and decreased fetal weights. Furthermore, NTD were found in all FB1-exposed litters (n = 10), and 66 +/- 24% of the fetuses were affected. The findings indicate that HFB1 does not cause NTD in the sensitive LM/Bc mouse model and only weakly disrupts sphingolipid metabolism at doses up to sevenfold higher (micromole per kilogram body weight basis) than the previously reported lowest observed adverse effect level for FB1. C1 [Voss, Kenneth A.] ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Gelineau-van Waes, Janee] Univ Nebraska Med Ctr, Dept Genet Cell Biol & Anat, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ken.voss@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service [6612-42000-038-00D] FX United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (Research Project No. 6612-42000-038-00D). NR 40 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 112 IS 2 BP 459 EP 467 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfp215 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 520FH UT WOS:000271825400019 PM 19783636 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Ehrlich, KC Fujii, I AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Fujii, Isao TI Cyclopiazonic Acid Biosynthesis of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae SO TOXINS LA English DT Review DE Aspergillus; cyclopiazonic acid; gene cluster; non-ribosomal peptide synthase AB Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is an indole-tetramic acid neurotoxin produced by some of the same strains of A. flavus that produce aflatoxins and by some Aspergillus oryzae strains. Despite its discovery 40 years ago, few reviews of its toxicity and biosynthesis have been reported. This review examines what is currently known about the toxicity of CPA to animals and humans, both by itself or in combination with other mycotoxins. The review also discusses CPA biosynthesis and the genetic diversity of CPA production in A. flavus/oryzae populations. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Fujii, Isao] Iwate Med Univ, Sch Pharm, Yahaba, Iwate 0283694, Japan. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov; ken.ehrlich@ars.usda.gov; ifujii@iwate-med.ac.jp NR 126 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 17 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 BP 74 EP 99 DI 10.3390/toxins1020074 PG 26 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V24UD UT WOS:000208434400002 PM 22069533 ER PT J AU Maragos, C AF Maragos, Chris TI Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay of Mycotoxins: A Review SO TOXINS LA English DT Review DE fluorescence polarization immunoassay; mycotoxins; review AB Immunoassays are routinely used in the screening of commodities and foods for fungal toxins (mycotoxins). Demands to increase speed and lower costs have lead to continued improvements in such assays. Because many reported mycotoxins are low molecular weight (below 1 kDa), immunoassays for their detection have generally been constructed in competitive heterogeneous formats. An exception is fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), a homogeneous format that does not require the separation of bound and free labels (tracer). The potential for rapid, solution phase, immunoassays has been realized in the development of FPIA for many of the major groups of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, fumonisins, group B trichothecenes (primarily deoxynivalenol), ochratoxin A, and zearalenone. This review describes the basic principles of FPIA and summarizes recent research in this area with regard to mycotoxins. C1 ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, C (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 48 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD DEC PY 2009 VL 1 IS 2 BP 196 EP 207 DI 10.3390/toxins1020196 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V24UD UT WOS:000208434400011 PM 22069541 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y McCormick, S AF Zhang, Yan McCormick, Sheila TI AGCVIII kinases: at the crossroads of cellular signaling SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID BLUE-LIGHT RECEPTORS; ROOT HAIR-GROWTH; PROTEIN-KINASE; AGC KINASES; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; CYTOSOLIC CA2+; BARREN INFLORESCENCE2; MAIZE INFLORESCENCE; AUXIN TRANSPORT; ARABIDOPSIS AB AGCVIII kinases regulate diverse developmental and cellular processes in plants. As putative mediators of secondary messengers, AGCVIII kinases potentially integrate developmental and environmental cues into specific cellular responses through substrate phosphorylation. Here we discuss the functionality and regulation of AGCVIII kinases. Specifically, we question the view that activities of AGCVIII kinases, like their animal counterparts, are regulated by a common regulator, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1). Instead, increasing evidence suggests that Ca(2+) and phospholipids regulate AGCVIII kinases, by altering their activities or by affecting their subcellular localization. As AGCVIII kinases are at the crossroads of plant cellular signaling, they and the signaling networks in which they participate are keys to a better understanding of plant development and of interactions with their environment. C1 [McCormick, Sheila] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@berkeley.edu OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5335-21000-030-00D]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) [IS4032-07] FX We thank Sha Li for help with the artwork in Figure 2. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and suggestions. Work in the McCormick lab is funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System Grant 5335-21000-030-00D and by the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund (BARD) IS4032-07. NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 14 IS 12 BP 689 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.09.006 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 533WI UT WOS:000272855700007 PM 19818674 ER PT J AU Root, JJ Puskas, RB Fischer, JW Swope, CB Neubaum, MA Reeder, SA Piaggio, AJ AF Root, J. Jeffrey Puskas, Robert B. Fischer, Justin W. Swope, Craig B. Neubaum, Melissa A. Reeder, Serena A. Piaggio, Antoinette J. TI Landscape Genetics of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination Programs SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Genetics; Landscape; Pennsylvania; Procyon lotor; Rabies; Raccoon ID MICE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; DEER; DISPERSAL; DYNAMICS AB Raccoons are the reservoir for the raccoon rabies virus variant in the United States. To combat this threat, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs are conducted in many eastern states. To aid in these efforts, the genetic structure of raccoons (Procyon lotor) was assessed in southwestern Pennsylvania to determine if select geographic features (i.e., ridges and valleys) serve as corridors or hindrances to raccoon gene flow (e.g., movement) and, therefore, rabies virus trafficking in this physiographic region. Raccoon DNA samples (n = 185) were collected from one ridge site and two adjacent valleys in southwestern Pennsylvania (Westmoreland, Cambria, Fayette, and Somerset counties). Raccoon genetic structure within and among these study sites was characterized at nine microsatellite loci. Results indicated that there was little population subdivision among any sites sampled. Furthermore, analyses using a model-based clustering approach indicated one essentially panmictic population was present among all the raccoons sampled over a reasonably broad geographic area (e.g., sites up to 36 km apart). However, a signature of isolation by distance was detected, suggesting that widths of ORV zones are critical for success. Combined, these data indicate that geographic features within this landscape influence raccoon gene flow only to a limited extent, suggesting that ridges of this physiographic system will not provide substantial long-term natural barriers to rabies virus trafficking. These results may be of value for future ORV efforts in Pennsylvania and other eastern states with similar landscapes. C1 [Root, J. Jeffrey] WS, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Puskas, Robert B.; Swope, Craig B.] WS, USDA, Bolivar, PA USA. [Reeder, Serena A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), WS, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM jeff.root@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0110 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 530GE UT WOS:000272576300003 PM 19125658 ER PT J AU Murdock, JH Yabsley, MJ Little, SE Chandrashekar, R O'Connor, TP Caudell, JN Huffman, JE Langenberg, JA Hollamby, S AF Murdock, Jessica H. Yabsley, Michael J. Little, Susan E. Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy O'Connor, Thomas P. Caudell, Joe N. Huffman, Jane E. Langenberg, Julia A. Hollamby, Simon TI Distribution of Antibodies Reactive to Borrelia lonestari and Borrelia burgdorferi in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Populations in the Eastern United States SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Borrelia; Lyme disease; Tick(s); Vector-borne; Zoonosis ID AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; ANAPLASMA-PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; NATURAL SENTINELS; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; SOUTH-CAROLINA; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Southern tick-associated rash illness is a Lyme-like syndrome that occurs in the southern states. Borrelia lonestari, which has been suggested as a possible causative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness, naturally infects white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and is transmitted by the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). To better understand the prevalence and distribution of Borrelia exposure among WTD, we tested WTD from 21 eastern states for antibodies reactive to B. lonestari using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay and Borrelia burgdorferi using the IDEXX SNAP (R) 4Dx (R) test. A total of 107/714 (15%) had antibodies reactive to B. lonestari, and prevalence of antibodies was higher in deer from southern states (17.5%) than in deer from northern states (9.2%). Using the SNAP 4DX test, we found that 73/723 (10%) were positive for B. burgdorferi, and significantly more northern deer (23.9%) were positive compared with southern deer (3.8%). Our data demonstrate that WTD are exposed to both Borrelia species, but antibody prevalence for exposure to the two species differs regionally and distributions correlate with the presence of Ixodes scapularis and A. americanum ticks. C1 [Murdock, Jessica H.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Murdock, Jessica H.; Yabsley, Michael J.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Little, Susan E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Chandrashekar, Ramaswamy; O'Connor, Thomas P.] IDEXX Labs Inc, Westbrook, ME USA. [Caudell, Joe N.] Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. [Huffman, Jane E.] E Stroudsburg Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fish & Wildlife Microbiol Lab, E Stroudsburg, PA USA. [Langenberg, Julia A.; Hollamby, Simon] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI USA. RP Yabsley, MJ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, 589 DW Brooks Dr,Wildlife Hlth Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM myabsley@uga.edu FU National Institutes of Health [NIAID R56AI062834]; IDEXX Laboratories, Inc; Cooperative Agreement [0696130032CA]; Veterinary Services; APHIS; USDA; Biological Resources Division; United States Geological Survey, USDI FX The authors would like to thank all the individuals who helped to collect samples for this project and whose contribution was essential to its success, as well as all SCWDS personnel for current and past assistance with maintaining the serum bank. This project was funded primarily by the National Institutes of Health (NIAID R56AI062834) and the generous support of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. Additional support was provided by Cooperative Agreement 0696130032CA, Veterinary Services, APHIS, USDA; Cooperative Agreement 06ERAG0005, Biological Resources Division, United States Geological Survey, USDI; and sponsorship of SCWDS by the fish and wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Support from the states to SCWDS was provided in part by the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917). NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1089/vbz.2008.0144 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 530GE UT WOS:000272576300023 PM 19874183 ER PT J AU Ryan, MR Smith, RG Mortensen, DA Teasdale, JR Curran, WS Seidel, R Shumway, DL AF Ryan, M. R. Smith, R. G. Mortensen, D. A. Teasdale, J. R. Curran, W. S. Seidel, R. Shumway, D. L. TI Weed-crop competition relationships differ between organic and conventional cropping systems SO WEED RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE weeds; competition; organic; conventional; long-term; cropping systems; maize; soyabean; crop yield; legume; manure ID FARMING SYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY; INTERFERENCE; MANAGEMENT; MODELS; CORN; SOIL AB P>Experiments comparing conventional and organic systems often report similar yields despite substantially higher weed abundance in the organic systems. A potential explanation for this observation is that weed-crop competition relationships differ between the two types of systems. We analysed weed and crop yield data from the Rodale Institute Farming Systems Trial (FST), which provides a unique 27-year dataset of a conventional (CNV) and two organic [manure (MNR) and legume (LEG)] soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems. Average soyabean yields were similar between the MNR and CNV systems and only slightly reduced in the LEG system, whereas average maize yields did not differ among systems despite the two organic systems having more than four and six times greater weed biomass in soyabean and maize respectively. Plot-level weed biomass-crop yield relationships indicated that weed-crop competition differed between the two organic and CNV systems in maize, and was strongest in the CNV system, intermediate in the LEG system and weakest in the MNR system. These results suggest that organic cropping systems may be able to tolerate a greater abundance of weeds compared to conventional systems and that fertility management within organic systems may influence weed-crop competition. C1 [Ryan, M. R.; Smith, R. G.; Mortensen, D. A.; Curran, W. S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Teasdale, J. R.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Seidel, R.] Rodale Inst, Kutztown, PA USA. [Shumway, D. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Ryan, MR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM matt.ryan@psu.edu FU Rodale Institute; USDA-ARS [56-1265-4-016] FX We wish to thank Thomas Barker, Martin Culik, Laurie Drinkwater, Richard Harwood, Julien Hountin, Rhonda Janke, Bill Liebhardt, Tom Morris, Jeff Moyer, Steve Peters and Peggy Wagoner for initiating and maintaining the Farming Systems Trial. We would also like to acknowledge the assistance provided by Lammert Bastiaans, Jonathan Collani, Rob Gallagher, Paul Hepperly, Don Jantzi, Owen Maguire, Dave Matz, Mark Sheetz, Dave Wilson, the Pennsylvania State University Weed Ecology Laboratory and Rodale Institute Interns. This long-term experiment was supported by the Rodale Institute and numerous USDA-ARS projects over its 27-year duration and the work conducted to summarise the results in this paper was supported by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement Biologically Based Weed Management for Organic Farming Systems (project number 56-1265-4-016). NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 38 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0043-1737 J9 WEED RES JI Weed Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 49 IS 6 BP 572 EP 580 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00736.x PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 518SW UT WOS:000271714700004 ER PT J AU Negron, JF Popp, JB AF Negron, Jose F. Popp, John B. TI THE FLIGHT PERIODICITY, ATTACK PATTERNS, AND LIFE HISTORY OF DRYOCOETES CONFUSUS SWAINE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE: SCOLYTINAE), THE WESTERN BALSAM BARK BEETLE, IN NORTH CENTRAL COLORADO SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Dryocoetes confusus; western balsam bark beetle; Abies lasiocarpa; subalpine fir; flight periodicity ID SPRUCE BEETLES; PHEROMONE AB Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, the western balsam bark beetle, is ail important bark beetle associated with Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. (subalpine fir) ill western North America. Little information is available oil the life Cycle and ecology of this insect ill Colorado. In this study ill north central Colorado, we examined its flight periodicity, attack patterns, and life cycle ill downed trees. Flight season, as indicated by pheromone-trap catches, began ill early June. Peak flight was observed during early to mid-July A second peak it flight was observed ill some years, but its occurrence was not consistent. Preferred attack sites oil downed trees were the underside or side of the log and through branch slobs. The life cycle for this beetle was completed ill 2 years, consistent with earlier observations from British Columbia. Sex ratio was 1: 1, but a higher percentage of males fly earlier ill the season. C1 [Negron, Jose F.; Popp, John B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM jnegron@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.3398/064.069.0404 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543CS UT WOS:000273548100004 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Johnson, DW Chambers, JC Blank, RR Lucchesi, A AF Rau, Benjamin M. Johnson, Dale W. Chambers, Jeanne C. Blank, Robert R. Lucchesi, Annmarie TI ESTIMATING ROOT BIOMASS AND DISTRIBUTION AFTER FIRE IN A GREAT BASIN WOODLAND USING CORES AND PITS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE belowground biomass; pinyon pine; sagebrush; fire ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; SOIL; SAGEBRUSH; STEPPE AB Quantifying root biomass is critical to in estimation and understanding of ecosystem net primary, production, biomass partitioning, and belowground competition. We compared 2 methods for determining root biomass: a new soil-coring technique and traditional excavation of quantitative pits. We conducted the study in an existing joint Fire Sciences demonstration area in the central Great Basin. This area is representative of a shrub (sagebrush) ecosystem exhibiting tree (pinyon and juniper) encroachment. The demonstration area had a prescribed burn implemented 4 years prior to our study, and we sampled both Control and burned plots. The samples were stratified across 3 microsites (interspace, tinder shrub, and under tree) and 4 soil depths (0-8, 8-23, 23-38, and 38-52 cm) to determine the effects of plant life form and burning on root biomass. We found that estimates of total root biomass were similar between quantitative pits and our soil cores. However, cores tended to show a more even distribution of root biomass across all microsites and depths than did pits. Overall, results indicated that root biomass differs significantly among microsites and soil depths and that the amount of root biomass at a given depth differs among microsites. Burning reduced root biomass in our study by 23% and altered the spatial distribution of root mass. C1 [Rau, Benjamin M.; Johnson, Dale W.; Lucchesi, Annmarie] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blank, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1000 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brau@unr.nevada.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.3398/064.069.0405 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543CS UT WOS:000273548100005 ER PT J AU Sinclair, J Emlen, JM Rinella, M Snelgrove, J Freeman, DC AF Sinclair, Jordan Emlen, John M. Rinella, Matthew Snelgrove, Jessica Freeman, D. Carl TI DIFFERENTIAL PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS INVOLVING MALE AND FEMALE ATRIPLEX BONNEVILLENSIS SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE differential competition; spatial segregation of sexes; dioecious ID SEX-RATIO VARIATION; DIOECIOUS PLANTS; FIELD DATA; POPULATIONS; FITNESS AB Wind-pollinated dioecious plants often exhibit Spatial segregation I of I the sexes. This partial niche separation has most often been explored using abiotic niche axes. However, if the sexes are truly separated in space, then they e apt to encounter different plant species that may heavily affect growth and reproduction. Also, to the extent that their niches differ, the sexes may respond differently to the same co-occurring species. Here we examine interspecific interactions that influence male and female reproductive potential in Atriplex bonnevillensis. Using Emlen's interaction assessment, it technique which assesses species interactions based oil cover classes, we show that Salsola species compete significantly with females but not males, while Halog toll glomeratus competes with males but not females. The effect of competition only became apparent when we corrected for site-specific fertility. These results imply that differential competition must be considered when Studying dioecious plants that display spatial segregation of the sexes. C1 [Sinclair, Jordan; Snelgrove, Jessica; Freeman, D. Carl] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Emlen, John M.] USGS, BRD, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rinella, Matthew] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Sinclair, J (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM al8577@wayne.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 475 EP 480 DI 10.3398/064.069.0407 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543CS UT WOS:000273548100007 ER PT J AU Galle, AM Linz, GM Homan, HJ Bleier, WJ AF Galle, Alegra M. Linz, George M. Homan, H. Jeffrey Bleier, William J. TI AVIAN USE OF HARVESTED CROP FIELDS IN NORTH DAKOTA DURING SPRING MIGRATION SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE birds; untilled land; sunflower; corn; soybeans; small grains; weeds; North Dakota; Prairie Pothole Region ID BIRD POPULATIONS; WASTE CORN; WINTER; STOPOVER; ABUNDANCE; FOOD; PREFERENCES; BLACKBIRDS; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND AB Broad-spectrum herbicide applications and improved harvesting efficiency of crops have reduced the availability of weed seeds and waste grains for game and nongame wildlife. Over the last decade, corn and soybean plantings have steadily increased ill the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North Dakota, while sunflower plantings have declined. The PPR is an important corridor for migratory birds,;aid changes in food availabilities at stopover habitats may affect how food resources are used. In early spring 2003 and 2004, we compared bird use of harvested fields of sunflower, soybeans, small grains, and corn if the PPR of North Dakota. Across both years and all crop types, we observed 20,400 birds comprising 29 species. Flocks of Lapland Longspurs (Calcarius lapponicus) and Horned Larks (Eremophila alpestris) and flocks of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) made up 60% and 15%, respectively, of the bird counts. WC found that species richness and bird densities were higher in harvested sunflower fields and cornfields than in harvested small-grain and soybean fields, with soybean fields harboring the fewest species and lowest bird density Blackbird densities tended to he lower in fields tilled after fall harvest than in fields not tilled. These results suggest that some granivorous bird populations in the Northern Great Plains could he positively affected by planting of row crops with postharvest vertical structure (e.g., Sunflower, corn) and use of no-till land management practices. C1 [Linz, George M.; Homan, H. Jeffrey] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Galle, Alegra M.; Bleier, William J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2110 Miriam Circle, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. EM george.m.linz@aphis.usda.gov FU Department of Biological Sciences at North Dakota State University, Fargo; National Sunflower Association, Bismarck, North Dakota; U.S. Department of Agriculture's North Dakota/South Dakota Wildlife Services and National Wildlife Research Center FX D. Schaaf, F Chan, and H.. Langord assisted with data gathering. J. Church and G. Forcey provided help with GIS and statistical analysis. This project was supported by the Department of Biological Sciences at North Dakota State University, Fargo; the National Sunflower Association, Bismarck, North Dakota; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's North Dakota/South Dakota Wildlife Services and National Wildlife Research Center. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 12 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 EI 1944-8341 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD DEC PY 2009 VL 69 IS 4 BP 491 EP 500 DI 10.3398/064.069.0409 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 543CS UT WOS:000273548100009 ER PT J AU Lang, MW McCarty, GW AF Lang, Megan W. McCarty, Greg W. TI LIDAR INTENSITY FOR IMPROVED DETECTION OF INUNDATION BELOW THE FOREST CANOPY SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE forested wetlands; hydrology; inundation; wetland mapping ID LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; WETLAND INVENTORY MAPS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; UNITED-STATES; LASER; HABITAT; CALIBRATION; BRIGHTNESS; VEGETATION; ALTITUDE AB Wetland hydrology is an important factor controlling wetland function and extent, and should therefore be a vital part of any wetland mapping program. Broad-scale forested wetland hydrology has been difficult to study with conventional remote sensing methods. Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a new and rapidly developing technology. LiDAR data have mainly been used to derive information on elevation. However, the intensity (amplitude) of the signal has the potential to significantly improve the ability to remotely monitor inundation - an important component of wetland hydrology. A comparison between LiDAR intensity data collected during peak hydrologic expression and detailed in situ data from a series of forested wetlands on the eastern shore of Maryland demonstrate the strong potential of LiDAR intensity data for this application (> 96% overall accuracy). The relative ability of LiDAR intensity data for forest inundation mapping was compared with that of a false color near-infrared aerial photograph collected coincident with the LiDAR intensity (70% overall accuracy; currently the most commonly used method for wetland mapping) and a wetness index map derived from a digital elevation model. The potential of LiDAR intensity data is strong for addressing issues related to the regulatory status of wetlands and measuring the delivery of ecosystem services. C1 [Lang, Megan W.; McCarty, Greg W.] USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Hydrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lang, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Hydrol Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,Rm 104,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Megan.Lang@gmail.com NR 41 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD DEC PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 1166 EP 1178 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 529UM UT WOS:000272544300009 ER PT J AU Herman-Brunson, KM Jensen, KC Kaczor, NW Swanson, CC Rumble, MA Klaver, RW AF Herman-Brunson, Katie M. Jensen, Kent C. Kaczor, Nicholas W. Swanson, Christopher C. Rumble, Mark A. Klaver, Robert W. TI Nesting ecology of greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus at the eastern edge of their historic distribution SO WILDLIFE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Centrocercus urophasianus; eastern range; edge of distribution; habitat; nesting; sage-grouse ID VISUAL OBSTRUCTION; CENTRAL WASHINGTON; INFORMATION-THEORY; SURVIVAL; HABITAT; POPULATION; COVER; PREDATION; MONTANA; OREGON AB Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus urophasianus Populations in North Dakota declined approximately 67% between 1965 and 2003, and the species is listed as a Priority Level 1 Species of Special Concern by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The habitat and ecology of the species at the eastern edge of its historical range is largely unknown. We investigated nest site selection by greater sage-grouse and nest survival in North Dakota during 2005 - 2006. Sage-grouse selected nest sites in sagebrush Artemisia spp. with more total vegetative cover, greater sagebrush density, and greater 1-m visual obstruction from the nest than at random sites. Height of grass and shrub (sagebrush) at nest sites were shorter than at random sites, because areas where sagebrush vas common were sites in low seral condition or dense clay or clay-pan soils with low productivity. Constant survival estimates of incubated nests were 33% in 2005 and 30% in 2006. Variables that described the resource selection function for nests were not those that modeled nest survival. Nest survival was positively influenced by percentage of shrub (sagebrush) cover and grass height. Daily nest survival decreased substantially when percentage of shrub cover declined below about 9% and when grass heights were less than about 16 cm. Daily nest survival rates decreased with increased daily precipitation. C1 [Herman-Brunson, Katie M.; Jensen, Kent C.; Kaczor, Nicholas W.; Swanson, Christopher C.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Klaver, Robert W.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Rumble, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Rumble, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 8221 S Highway 16, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. EM kherman20@hotmail.com; Kent.Jensen@sdstate.edu; Nicholas_Kaczor@blm.gov; christopher.swanson@sdstate.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us; bklaver@usgs.gov FU North Dakota Game and Fish Department, [W-67-R]; Bureau of Land Management [ESA000013]; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station [05-JV-11221609-127]; U.S. Forest Service Dakota Prairie National Grasslands [05-CS-11011800-022]; South Dakota State University FX funding for our study was provided by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act (W-67-R) through North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bureau of Land Management (ESA000013), U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (05-JV-11221609-127), U.S. Forest Service Dakota Prairie National Grasslands (05-CS-11011800-022) and support from South Dakota State University. Field assistance was provided by A. Geigle, D. Gardner, C. Berdan and T. Zachmeier. A number of volunteers assisted during capture and radio-collaring of hens and chicks. T. Apa assisted with training on trapping techniques. We also acknowledge and appreciate the landowners who granted us permission to conduct this study on their lands. R. King provided statistical advice and support, and J. Connelly and C. Hagen provided comments to earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILDLIFE BIOLOGY PI RONDE PA C/O JAN BERTELSEN, GRENAAVEJ 14, KALO, DK-8410 RONDE, DENMARK SN 0909-6396 J9 WILDLIFE BIOL JI Wildlife Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 395 EP 404 DI 10.2981/09-005 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 546FS UT WOS:000273797200005 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harbach, RE Kitching, IJ AF Reinert, John F. Harbach, Ralph E. Kitching, Ian J. TI Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae) SO ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Review DE cladistics; systematics; taxonomy; mosquitoes ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ALLIED TAXA DIPTERA; MOSQUITOS DIPTERA; MORPHOLOGICAL DATA; FINE-STRUCTURE; AEDES DIPTERA; LIFE STAGES; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; GENERIC RANK; EGGS AB The phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini are delineated based on a cladistic analysis of 336 characters from eggs, fourth-instar larvae, pupae, adult females and males, and immature stage habitat coded for 270 exemplar species, including an outgroup of four species from different non-aedine genera. Analyses of the data set with all multistate characters treated as unordered under implied weights, implemented by TNT version 1.1, with values of the concavity constant K ranging from 7 to 12 each produced a single most parsimonious cladogram (MPC). The MPCs obtained with K values of 7-9 were identical, and that for K = 10 differed only in small changes in the relationships within one subclade. Because values of K < 7 and > 10 produced large changes in the relationships among the taxa, the stability of relationships exemplified by the MPC obtained from the K = 9 analysis is used to interpret the phylogeny and classification of Aedini. Clade support was assessed using parsimony jackknife and symmetric resampling. Overall, the results reinforce the patterns of relationships obtained previously despite differences in the taxa and characters included in the analyses. With two exceptions, all of the groups represented by two or more species were once again recovered as monophyletic taxa. Thus, the monophyly of the following genera and subgenera is corroborated: Aedes, Albuginosus, Armigeres (and its two subgenera), Ayurakitia, Bothaella, Bruceharrisonius, Christophersiomyia, Collessius (and its two subgenera), Dahliana, Danielsia, Dobrotworskyius, Downsiomyia, Edwardsaedes, Finlaya, Georgecraigius (and its two subgenera), Eretmapodites, Geoskusea, Gilesius, Haemagogus (and its two subgenera), Heizmannia (and subgenus Heizmannia), Hopkinsius (and its two subgenera), Howardina, Hulecoeteomyia, Jarnellius, Kenknightia, Lorrainea, Macleaya, Mucidus (and its two subgenera), Neomelaniconion, Ochlerotatus (subgenera Chrysoconops, Culicelsa, Gilesia, Pholeomyia, Protoculex, Rusticoidus and Pseudoskusea), Opifex, Paraedes, Patmarksia, Phagomyia, Pseudarmigeres, Rhinoskusea, Psorophora (and its three subgenera), Rampamyia, Scutomyia, Stegomyia, Tanakaius, Udaya, Vansomerenis, Verrallina (and subgenera Harbachius and Neomacleaya), Zavortinkius and Zeugnomyia. In addition, the monophyly of Tewarius, newly added to the data set, is confirmed. Heizmannia (Mattinglyia) and Verrallina (Verrallina) were found to be paraphyletic with respect to Heizmannia (Heizmannia) and Verrallina (Neomacleaya), respectively. The analyses were repeated with the 14 characters derived from length measurements treated as ordered. Although somewhat different patterns of relationships among the genera and subgenera were found, all were recovered as monophyletic taxa with the sole exception of Dendroskusea stat. nov. Fifteen additional genera, three of which are new, and 12 additional subgenera, 11 of which are new, are proposed for monophyletic clades, and a few lineages represented by a single species, based on tree topology, the principle of equivalent rank, branch support and the number and nature of the characters that support the branches. Acartomyia stat. nov., Aedimorphus stat. nov., Cancraedes stat. nov., Cornetius stat. nov., Geoskusea stat. nov., Levua stat. nov., Lewnielsenius stat. nov., Rhinoskusea stat. nov. and Sallumia stat. nov., which were previously recognized as subgenera of various genera, are elevated to generic status. Catageiomyia stat. nov. and Polyleptiomyia stat. nov. are resurrected from synonymy with Aedimorphus, and Catatassomyia stat. no. and Dendroskusea stat. nov. are resurrected from synonymy with Diceromyia. Bifidistylus gen. nov. (type species: Aedes lamborni Edwards) and Elpeytonius gen. nov. (type species: Ochlerotatus apicoannulatus Edwards) are described as new for species previously included in Aedes (Aedimorphus), and Petermattinglyius gen. nov. (type species: Aedes iyengari Edwards) and Pe. (Aglaonotus) subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes whartoni Mattingly) are described as new for species previously included in Aedes (Diceromyia). Four additional subgenera are recognized for species of Ochlerotatus, including Oc. (Culicada) stat. nov. (type species: Culex canadensis Theobald), Oc. (Juppius) subgen. nov. (type species: Grabhamia caballa Theobald), Oc. (Lepidokeneon) subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes spilotus Marks) and Oc. (Woodius) subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes intrudens Dyar), and seven are proposed for species of Stegomyia: St. (Actinothrix) subgen. nov. (type species: Stegomyia edwardsi Barraud), St. (Bohartius) subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes pandani Stone), St. (Heteraspidion) subgen. nov. (type species: Stegomyia annandalei Theobald), St. (Huangmyia) subgen. nov. (type species: Stegomyia mediopunctata Theobald), St. (Mukwaya) subgen. nov. (type species: Stegomyia simpsoni Theobald), St. (Xyele) subgen. nov. (type species: Stegomyia desmotes Giles) and St. (Zoromorphus) subgen. nov. (type species: Aedes futunae Belkin). Due to the unavailability of specimens for study, many species of Stegomyia are without subgeneric placement. As is usual with generic-level groups of Aedini, the newly recognized genera and subgenera are polythetic taxa that are diagnosed by unique combinations of characters. The analysis corroborates the previous observation that 'Oc. (Protomacleaya)' is a polyphyletic assemblage of species. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157, 700-794. C1 [Reinert, John F.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Harbach, Ralph E.; Kitching, Ian J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM John.Reinert@ars.usda.gov; r.harbach@nhm.ac.uk; i.kitching@nhm.ac.uk NR 257 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-4082 EI 1096-3642 J9 ZOOL J LINN SOC-LOND JI Zool. J. Linn. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 157 IS 4 BP 700 EP 794 DI 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00570.x PG 95 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 525DK UT WOS:000272193600002 ER PT J AU Powell, MR AF Powell, Mark R. TI Analyzing the power and error of Listeria monocytogenes growth challenge studies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; Challenge studies; RTE food ID SAMPLE-SIZE; ENUMERATION AB Domestic and international food safety policy developments have spurred interest in the design and interpretation of experimental growth challenge studies to determine whether ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are able to support growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Existing challenge study protocols and those under development differ markedly in terms of experimental design and the acceptance criteria under which a RTE food is determined not to support L. monocytogenes growth. Consequently, the protocols differ substantially with respect to the probability of incorrectly determining that growth occurs and the statistical power to detect growth if it does occur. Applying a fixed acceptance criteria exceedance value (e.g., less than a 0.5 log(10) or 1 log(10) increase) to distinguish real growth from quantitative measurement uncertainty over different experimental designs and/or measurement uncertainty values implies highly inconsistent type I error (a) probabilities. None of the L. monocytogenes growth challenge study designs currently being considered are likely to provide an F-test with alpha=0.05 and power >= 0.8 to detect a 1 log(10) increase in mean concentration over the entire range of measurement uncertainty values for enumeration of L monocytogenes reported in food samples in a validation study of ISO Method 11290-2. (C) Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Rm 4032 SAG, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mpowell@oce.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV 30 PY 2009 VL 136 IS 1 BP 10 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.09.019 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 527NG UT WOS:000272373200002 PM 19822374 ER PT J AU Miller, JR Snyder, SA Skibbe, AM Haight, RG AF Miller, James R. Snyder, Stephanie A. Skibbe, Adam M. Haight, Robert G. TI Prioritizing conservation targets in a rapidly urbanizing landscape SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Butterfly; Ecological restoration; Open space; Optimization model; Urbanization ID RESERVE SITE SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; GRASSLAND BUTTERFLIES; HABITAT RESTORATION; DISPERSAL; AREA; INSECTS; MODELS; AVAILABILITY AB We used an optimization modeling framework to devise spatially explicit habitat acquisition and restoration strategies for 19 remnant-dependent butterflies in a rapidly urbanizing county in the Chicago area. We first identified the smallest sets of protected sites that would contain at least one population of each species, and two populations for species present in multiple sites. We then identified undeveloped properties contiguous with these sites whose acquisition would further enhance conditions for focal species. Next, we considered parcels in the surrounding landscape that could potentially be acquired and restored to provide additional habitat. Assuming that the conservation value of additional habitats would increase with their proximity to protected sites, we examined tradeoffs between distance to sites and the cost of acquisition and restoration. The tradeoff curves generated by the model represented choices among sets of reserves that varied widely with regard to cost and distance. Among the non-dominated solutions for a given total area budget, the best solutions depend on the decision makers preference for these two objectives. Sets along the frontier of these curves differed in total cost due to the variation in the number of wetlands per parcel, the number and cost of parcels that must be acquired to provide sufficient habitat, and restoration costs. Several parcels appeared in all solutions and should be prioritized for acquisition. Our general approach is readily adaptable to other locations and planning objectives, but the models would need to be modified to accommodate different target species and their habitat requirements. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Miller, James R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Snyder, Stephanie A.; Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Miller, James R.; Skibbe, Adam M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, JR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, N-407 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jrmillr@illinois.edu; stephaniesnyder@fs.fed.us; askibbe@ksu.edu; rhaight@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station; Iowa State University; Department of Landscape Architecture FX Funding for this study was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. AS was supported by a PACE award from Iowa State University and by the Department of Landscape Architecture. The authors thank D. Ulberg (Kane County FPD) and T. Mescher (Kane County GIS) for facilitating this work. We are especially grateful to D. Taron (biology curator, Notebaert Nature Museum) for providing butterfly survey data. We also acknowledge the contributions of two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved the manuscript. NR 70 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 EI 1872-6062 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD NOV 30 PY 2009 VL 93 IS 2 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.06.011 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 511QG UT WOS:000271180800004 ER PT J AU Kutz, SJ Dobson, AP Hoberg, EP AF Kutz, Susan J. Dobson, Andy P. Hoberg, Eric P. TI Where Are the Parasites? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID REINDEER; MUSKOXEN; FINLAND C1 [Kutz, Susan J.] Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. [Dobson, Andy P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hoberg, Eric P.] ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kutz, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Vet Med, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. EM skutz@ucalgary.ca NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 27 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5957 BP 1187 EP 1188 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 524BD UT WOS:000272117900014 PM 19965449 ER PT J AU Sattler, AC Krogwold, RA Wittum, TE Rupprecht, CE Algeo, TP Slate, D Smith, KA Hale, RL Nohrenberg, GA Lovell, CD Niezgoda, M Montoney, AJ Slemons, RD AF Sattler, Andrew C. Krogwold, Roger A. Wittum, Thomas E. Rupprecht, Charles E. Algeo, Timothy P. Slate, Dennis Smith, Kathleen A. Hale, Robert L. Nohrenberg, Gary A. Lovell, Charles D. Niezgoda, Mike Montoney, Andrew J. Slemons, Richard D. TI Influence of oral rabies vaccine bait density on rabies seroprevalence in wild raccoons SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Raccoon; Rabies; Oral rabies vaccine; Seroprevalence ID GLYCOPROTEIN RECOMBINANT VIRUS; PROCYON-LOTOR; EFFICACY; IMMUNIZATION; TRIALS; SYSTEM AB The effect of different oral rabies vaccine (ORV) bait densities (75, 150, and 300 baits/km(2)) on the seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNAs) in raccoons (Procyon lotor) was assessed at a 15% seroprevalence difference threshold in rural areas of northeast Ohio. Results (n = 588 raccoons) indicated that seropositivity for RVNAs was associated with both bait density and bait campaign frequency. Associations were not detected for raccoon gender, age, or macro-habitat. The odds of being seropositive were greater for raccoons originating from 300 bait/km(2) treatment areas relative to those coming from the 75 bait/km(2) areas (odds ratio [OR] = 4.4, probability [P] < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 2.4-7.9), while accounting for cumulative ORV campaigns. No statistical advantage in seroprevalence was detected when comparing 150-75 baits/km(2). These results indicate that a relatively extreme bait density when evenly distributed may be necessary to obtain a significant increase in seroprevalence. Higher bait densities may be more appropriate and less costly to address focused outbreaks than labor intensive trap-vaccinate-release and local population reduction campaigns. Finally, dramatic increases in seroprevalence of RVNA were not observed in raccoons between sequential, semi-annual campaigns, yet cumulative ORV campaigns were associated with gradual increases in seroprevalence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Algeo, Timothy P.; Slate, Dennis] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Rabies Management Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. [Sattler, Andrew C.] All Creatures Anim Hosp, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Krogwold, Roger A.] Vet Serv, USDA, APHIS, Pickerington, OH 43147 USA. [Sattler, Andrew C.; Wittum, Thomas E.; Slemons, Richard D.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Rupprecht, Charles E.; Niezgoda, Mike] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Rabies Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Smith, Kathleen A.] Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. [Hale, Robert L.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Rabies Management Program, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. [Nohrenberg, Gary A.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, St Paul, MN 55107 USA. RP Algeo, TP (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Natl Rabies Management Program, 59 Chenell Dr,Suite 2, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM timothy.p.algeo@aphis.usda.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 51 BP 7187 EP 7193 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.035 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 532FL UT WOS:000272731100009 PM 19925951 ER PT J AU Henderson, H Jackson, F Bean, K Panasuk, B Niezgoda, M Slate, D Li, JW Dietzschold, B Mattis, J Rupprecht, CE AF Henderson, Heather Jackson, Felix Bean, Kayla Panasuk, Brian Niezgoda, Michael Slate, Dennis Li, Jianwei Dietzschold, Bernard Mattis, Jeff Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Oral immunization of raccoons and skunks with a canine adenovirus recombinant rabies vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Rabies; Vaccine; Oral ID PROCYON-LOTOR; MICE; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY; TYPE-2 AB Oral vaccination is an important part of wildlife rabies control programs. Currently, the vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus is the only oral rabies vaccine licensed in the United States. and it is not effective in skunks. In the current study, captive raccoons and skunks were used to evaluate a vaccine developed by incorporating the rabies virus glycoprotein gene into a canine adenovirus serotype 2 vector (CAV2-RVG). Seven of 7 raccoons orally vaccinated with CAV2-RVG developed virus neutralizing antibodies and survived lethal challenge. Five of 5 and 6 of 6 skunks in 2 experimental groups receiving 10-fold different dilutions of CAV2-RVG developed neutralizing antibodies and survived challenge. The results of this preliminary study suggest that CAV2-RVG stimulates protective immunity against rabies in raccoons and skunks. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jackson, Felix] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Slate, Dennis; Mattis, Jeff] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Concord, NH USA. [Li, Jianwei; Dietzschold, Bernard; Mattis, Jeff] Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Jackson, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Mailstop G-33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DWT4@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 51 BP 7194 EP 7197 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.030 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 532FL UT WOS:000272731100010 PM 19925952 ER PT J AU Bender, SC Bergman, DL Wenning, KM Miller, LA Slate, D Jackson, FR Rupprecht, CE AF Bender, Scott C. Bergman, David L. Wenning, Krista M. Miller, Lowell A. Slate, Dennis Jackson, Felix R. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI No adverse effects of simultaneous vaccination with the immunocontraceptive GonaCon (TM) and a commercial rabies vaccine on rabies virus neutralizing antibody production in dogs SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Dogs; Rabies; Immunocontraception; GonaCon (TM) ID CONTRACEPTION; STERILIZATION; ANIMALS AB Parenteral vaccination campaigns are integral to the elimination of canine rabies. To maximize herd immunity in dogs, immunocontraception provided at the time of rabies vaccination should reduce fecundity and dog abundance. GonaCon (TM) has been used successfully as an immunocontraceptive in a variety of mammals, and by inference, the dog would be an ideal candidate for testing. As an initial step in evaluating a combination-vaccination program, we assessed the effects of GonaCon (TM) on rabies virus neutralizing antibody production in dogs after administration of a veterinary rabies vaccine. Eighteen feral/free ranging dogs were included in this initial study: six were given GonaCon (TM) only, six were given rabies vaccination only, and six received GonaCon (TM) and rabies vaccination. Antibody levels were evaluated over 82 days. The use of the immunocontraceptive GonaCon (TM) did not affect the ability of dogs to seroconvert in response to the rabies vaccine. Thus, GonaCon (TM) provides a potential immunocontraceptive for use in combination with rabies vaccine to increase herd immunity and address dog population over abundance to better manage rabies. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bergman, David L.; Wenning, Krista M.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. [Bender, Scott C.] Navajo Nation Vet Program, Chinle, AZ USA. [Miller, Lowell A.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Slate, Dennis] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH USA. [Jackson, Felix R.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bergman, DL (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. EM david.l.bergman@aphis.usda.gov RI Bergman, David/C-6874-2015 OI Bergman, David/0000-0002-6757-643X NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 27 PY 2009 VL 27 IS 51 BP 7210 EP 7213 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.026 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 532FL UT WOS:000272731100013 PM 19925955 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH AF Grabber, J. H. TI Forage management effects on protein and fiber fractions, protein degradability, and dry matter yield of red clover conserved as silage SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trifolium pratense; Medicago sativa; Forage management; Protein; Fiber; Silage ID LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; TREATED ALFALFA SILAGE; QUALITY AB Due to the action of o-quinones formed via polyphenol oxidase,conserved red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) contains abundant rumen undegradable protein (RUP), but inadequate rumen degradable protein (RDP) for dairy cattle. This study examined how forage management influences RDP, RUP, crude protein (CP) and fiber fractions in red clover silage and dry matter (DM) yields during the first full production year. In 2003 and 2006, red clover was cut early on 7 June or late on 14 June with two similar to 40 d regrowth cuts. For comparison, alfalfa (Medicago, sativa L) was cut early on 26 May with three similar to 32 d regrowth cuts or late using the same schedule as early cut red clover. After ensiling at 370 g/kg DM, CP and fiber were fractionated according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS). RDP and RUP were calculated from CNCPS fractions or estimated by a more convenient Streptomyces griseus protease procedure, which gave highly related (R(2) >= 0.95) estimates of CP degradability. Early cutting of red clover favorably decreased RUP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and increased RDP and CP in the first two harvests. Regression analyses indicated desirable levels of RDP (> 150 g/kg DM) and NDF (similar to 400 g/kg DM) could be obtained by harvesting red clover at a mean stage weight maturity of 2.0 at first cut, 3.0 at second cut, and 3.5-4.0 at third cut. Averaged across harvest schedules, red clover had lower RDP, CP and ADF, higher RUP, and similar NDF compared to alfalfa. Total DM yields of red clover and alfalfa were not influenced by harvest schedule. Time of establishment had little effect on silage quality, but it did influence total DM yields; April vs. August seeding depressed red clover yields (12.3 t/ha vs. 13.1 t/ha) but enhanced alfalfa yields (12.5 t/ha vs. 11.9 t/ha) during the first full production year. Overall, these results suggest protein utilization and performance of dairy cattle could be moderately improved without sacrificing DM yield by taking a very early first cutting of red clover followed by regrowth cuttings made at progressively later maturities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM John.Grabber@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD NOV 26 PY 2009 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.09.011 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 523HU UT WOS:000272064100017 ER PT J AU Sanchez, CC Smith, TPL Wiedmann, RT Vallejo, RL Salem, M Yao, JB Rexroad, CE AF Sanchez, Cecilia Castano Smith, Timothy P. L. Wiedmann, Ralph T. Vallejo, Roger L. Salem, Mohamed Yao, Jianbo Rexroad, Caird E., III TI Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in rainbow trout by deep sequencing of a reduced representation library SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SELECTIVE BREEDING PROGRAM; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAPS; SNP DISCOVERY; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENOME; GROWTH; AMPLIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION AB Background: To enhance capabilities for genomic analyses in rainbow trout, such as genomic selection, a large suite of polymorphic markers that are amenable to high-throughput genotyping protocols must be identified. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) have been used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in salmonids. In those strategies, the salmonid semi-tetraploid genomes often led to assemblies of paralogous sequences and therefore resulted in a high rate of false positive SNP identification. Sequencing genomic DNA using primers identified from ESTs proved to be an effective but time consuming methodology of SNP identification in rainbow trout, therefore not suitable for high throughput SNP discovery. In this study, we employed a high-throughput strategy that used pyrosequencing technology to generate data from a reduced representation library constructed with genomic DNA pooled from 96 unrelated rainbow trout that represent the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (NCCCWA) broodstock population. Results: The reduced representation library consisted of 440 bp fragments resulting from complete digestion with the restriction enzyme HaeIII; sequencing produced 2,000,000 reads providing an average 6 fold coverage of the estimated 150,000 unique genomic restriction fragments (300,000 fragment ends). Three independent data analyses identified 22,022 to 47,128 putative SNPs on 13,140 to 24,627 independent contigs. A set of 384 putative SNPs, randomly selected from the sets produced by the three analyses were genotyped on individual fish to determine the validation rate of putative SNPs among analyses, distinguish apparent SNPs that actually represent paralogous loci in the tetraploid genome, examine Mendelian segregation, and place the validated SNPs on the rainbow trout linkage map. Approximately 48% (183) of the putative SNPs were validated; 167 markers were successfully incorporated into the rainbow trout linkage map. In addition, 2% of the sequences from the validated markers were associated with rainbow trout transcripts. Conclusion: The use of reduced representation libraries and pyrosequencing technology proved to be an effective strategy for the discovery of a high number of putative SNPs in rainbow trout; however, modifications to the technique to decrease the false discovery rate resulting from the evolutionary recent genome duplication would be desirable. C1 [Sanchez, Cecilia Castano; Vallejo, Roger L.; Rexroad, Caird E., III] USDA ARS NCCCWA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Sanchez, Cecilia Castano; Salem, Mohamed; Yao, Jianbo] W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Smith, Timothy P. L.; Wiedmann, Ralph T.] USDA ARS USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS NCCCWA, 11861 Leetown, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cecilia.castano@ars.usda.gov; tim.smith@ars.usda.gov; ralph.wiedmann@ars.usda.gov; roger.vallejo@ars.usda.gov; mosalem@mail.wvu.edu; jianbo.yao@mail.wvu.edu; caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 559 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-559 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 532ZW UT WOS:000272791700001 PM 19939274 ER PT J AU Huang, N Hauck, C Yum, MY Rizshsky, L Widrlechner, MP Mccoy, JA Murphy, PA Dixon, PM Nikolau, BJ Birt, DF AF Huang, Nan Hauck, Cathy Yum, Man-Yu Rizshsky, Ludmila Widrlechner, Mark P. McCoy, Joe-Ann Murphy, Patricia A. Dixon, Philip M. Nikolau, Basil J. Birt, Diane F. TI Rosmarinic Acid in Prunella vulgaris Ethanol Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Prostaglandin E2 and Nitric Oxide in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Prunella vulgaris; extracts; fractionation; prostaglandin E2; nitric oxide; rosmarinic acid; anti-inflammatory ID HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM EXTRACTS; IN-VITRO; MURINE MACROPHAGES; E-2 PRODUCTION; CELLS; EXPRESSION; HERB; TRITERPENES; RESPONSES; FRACTION AB Prunella vulgaris has been used therapeutically for inflammation-related conditions for centuries, but systematic studies of its anti-inflammatory activity are lacking and no specific active components have been identified. In this study, water and ethanol extracts of four P. vulgaris accessions were applied to RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages, and the ethanol extracts significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) production at 30 mu g/mL without affecting cell viability. Extracts from different accessions of P. vulgaris were screened for anti-inflammatory activity to identify accessions with the greatest activity. The inhibition of PGE2 and NO production by selected extracts was dose-dependent, with significant effects seen at concentrations as low as 10 mu g/mL. Fractionation of ethanol extracts from the active accession, Ames 27664, suggested fractions 3 and 5 as possible major contributors to the overall activity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) content in P. vulgaris was found to independently inhibit inflammatory response, but it only partially explained the extracts' activity. LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein expression were both attenuated by P. vulgaris ethanol extracts, whereas RA inhibited only COX-2 expression. C1 [Huang, Nan; Hauck, Cathy; Yum, Man-Yu; Rizshsky, Ludmila; Widrlechner, Mark P.; Murphy, Patricia A.; Dixon, Philip M.; Nikolau, Basil J.; Birt, Diane F.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Res Bot Dietary Supplements, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huang, Nan; Birt, Diane F.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Grad Program Nutr Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Huang, Nan; Hauck, Cathy; Murphy, Patricia A.; Birt, Diane F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yum, Man-Yu; Dixon, Philip M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rizshsky, Ludmila; Nikolau, Basil J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Hort, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Widrlechner, Mark P.; McCoy, Joe-Ann] ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [McCoy, Joe-Ann] NCSU, Bent Creek Inst, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Birt, DF (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Res Bot Dietary Supplements, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dbirt@iastate.edu RI HUANG, NAN/D-4028-2009 FU Hatch Act; State of Iowa funds; Office of Dietary Supplements, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health [P50 AT004155-06] FX This is a journal paper supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. This study was supported by Grant P50 AT004155-06 from the Office of Dietary Supplements, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 22 BP 10579 EP 10589 DI 10.1021/jf9023728 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 520FN UT WOS:000271826200014 PM 19919113 ER PT J AU Purcaro, R Schrader, KK Burandt, C DellaGreca, M Meepagala, KM AF Purcaro, Raffaella Schrader, Kevin K. Burandt, Charles DellaGreca, Marina Meepagala, Kumudini M. TI Algicide Constituents from Swinglea glutinosa SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Algicide; Oscillatoria perornata; Selenastrum capricornutum; Swinglea glutinosa; Rutaceae ID ACRIDONE ALKALOIDS; COUMARIN; TANAKA; PONDS AB Oscillatoria perornata, a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), common in catfish production ponds in the southeastern United States, produces the monoterpene 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which is absorbed into catfish flesh and imparts a "musty" taste, rendering them unpalatable and unmarketable. Algicides that are currently in the commercial market to control O. perornata have broad-spectrum toxicity toward other beneficial phytoplankton, such as the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, as well as low biodegradability. As part of our continuing efforts to search for natural-product-based algicides, the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Swinglea glutinosa was investigated. This report describes isolation and structure elucidation of one novel coumarin, two known coumarins, and nine acridone alkaloids from S. glutinosa root extracts and the evaluation of these compounds for algicidal activity against O. perornata. C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.; Meepagala, Kumudini M.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Burandt, Charles] Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, Thad Cochran Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Purcaro, Raffaella; DellaGreca, Marina] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Biochim, I-80126 Naples, Italy. RP Meepagala, KM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu OI DellaGreca, Marina/0000-0001-6530-605X NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 22 BP 10632 EP 10635 DI 10.1021/jf902561c PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 520FN UT WOS:000271826200021 PM 19877680 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Perkins-Veazie, P AF Manthey, John A. Perkins-Veazie, Penelope TI Influences of Harvest Date and Location on the Levels of beta-Carotene, Ascorbic Acid, Total Phenols, the in Vitro Antioxidant Capacity, and Phenolic Profiles of Five Commercial Varieties of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Mangiferin; ellagic acid; gallotannins; tropical fruit; polyphenol; vitamin C; Mangifera indica L.; antioxidant; HPLC-MS ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACT VIMANG(R); PROTECTION; CULTIVARS; STORAGE; STRESS; LEAVES; FRUITS; PEELS AB Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a tropical fruit grown worldwide with excellent nutritional value and widely attributed health-promoting properties. Extensive studies have been made of the high concentrations of phenolic antioxidants in mango peels, seeds, and leaves, yet less is known about the phenolic antioxidants of mango fruit pulp. Five varieties of mangoes from four countries were evaluated with multiple harvests over 1 year to compare the P-carotene, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of the fruit pulp and to compare the phenolic profiles of the individual varieties. To minimize ripeness variability, only soft fruit (0.5-1 N compression) with a minimum of 10% soluble solids were used for these measurements. Ascorbic acid ranged from 11 to 134 mg/100 g of pulp puree, and beta-carotene varied from 5 to 30 mg/kg among the five varieties. Total phenolic content ranged from 19.5 to 166.7 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g of puree. The varieties Tommy Atkins, Kent, Keitt, and Haden had similar total phenolic contents, averaging 31.2 +/- 7.8 mg GAE/100 g of puree, whereas the variety Ataulfo contained substantially higher values. Similar trends were observed in the DPPH radical scavenging activities among the five varieties. In contrast, the country of origin and harvest dates had far less influence on these parameters. Ataulfo mangoes contained significantly higher amounts of mangiferin and ellagic acid than the other four varieties. Large fruit-to-fruit variations in the concentrations of these compounds occurred within sets of mangoes of the same cultivar with the same harvest location and date. C1 [Manthey, John A.] ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Perkins-Veazie, Penelope] ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM John.Manthey@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 22 BP 10825 EP 10830 DI 10.1021/jf902606h PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 520FN UT WOS:000271826200047 PM 19919121 ER PT J AU Nunez, A Fishman, ML Fortis, LL Cooke, PH Hotchkiss, AT AF Nunez, Alberto Fishman, Marshall L. Fortis, Laurie L. Cooke, Peter H. Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr. TI Identification of Extensin Protein Associated with Sugar Beet Pectin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; Beta vulgaris; extensin; MALDI-TOF; mass spectrometry; pectin; sugar beet ID FRAGMENTS AB Several studies have suggested that the emulsification properties associated with pectin obtained from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) are due to the presence of a protein-pectin complex. Nevertheless, the identity of the protein has remained elusive. Pectin, extracted from sugar beet pulp by microwave-assisted extraction, and a commercial sample were both subjected to protease digestion with trypsin. The resulting peptides were separated from the pectin solution by ultrafiltration using a 3 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) membrane and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The partial sequences derived from the mass spectrometry analyses of the resulting tryptic peptides are found to be highly consistent with extensin protein matched from the B. vulgaris Genetic Index database and also correspond to previously reported extensin peptides found in sugar beet cell suspension cultures. Further attempts were made to disassociate the protein from pectin using 1 M NaCl and a 100 kDa MWCO membrane; however, no peptides were observed following trypsin digestion of the permeate solution. This evidence suggests the existence of a complex between the pectin and extensin that is not due to ionic interactions. Trypsin digestion of commercial sugar beet pectin also produced the peptide profile observed with the microwave-assisted extracted pectin sample. Atomic force microscopy established that the number of rod-like elements decreased following protease treatment compared to the untreated sample. C1 [Nunez, Alberto; Fortis, Laurie L.; Hotchkiss, Arland T., Jr.] Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nunez, A (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM alberto.nunez@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 22 BP 10951 EP 10958 DI 10.1021/jf902162t PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 520FN UT WOS:000271826200065 PM 19860469 ER PT J AU Payn, RA Gooseff, MN McGlynn, BL Bencala, KE Wondzell, SM AF Payn, R. A. Gooseff, M. N. McGlynn, B. L. Bencala, K. E. Wondzell, S. M. TI Channel water balance and exchange with subsurface flow along a mountain headwater stream in Montana, United States SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYPORHEIC EXCHANGE; TRACER INJECTION; IONIC TRACERS; GEOMORPHOLOGY; METABOLISM; CATCHMENT; SYSTEMS; RIVERS; CREEK; ZONES AB Channel water balances of contiguous reaches along streams represent a poorly understood scale of stream-subsurface interaction. We measured reach water balances along a headwater stream in Montana, United States, during summer base flow recessions. Reach water balances were estimated from series of tracer tests in 13 consecutive reaches delineated evenly along a 2.6 km valley segment. For each reach, we estimated net change in discharge, gross hydrologic loss, and gross hydrologic gain from tracer dilution and mass recovery. Four series of tracer tests were performed during relatively high, intermediate, and low base flow conditions. The relative distribution of channel water along the stream was strongly related to a transition in valley structure, with a general increase in gross losses through the recession. During tracer tests at intermediate and low flows, there were frequent substantial losses of tracer mass (>10%) that could not be explained by net loss in flow over the reach, indicating that many of the study reaches were concurrently losing and gaining water. For example, one reach with little net change in discharge exchanged nearly 20% of upstream flow with gains and losses along the reach. These substantial bidirectional exchanges suggest that some channel interactions with subsurface flow paths were not measurable by net change in flow or transient storage of recovered tracer. Understanding bidirectional channel water balances in stream reaches along valleys is critical to an accurate assessment of stream solute fate and transport and to a full assessment of exchanges between the stream channel and surrounding subsurface. C1 [Payn, R. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gooseff, M. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Bencala, K. E.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Wondzell, S. M.] US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Payn, R. A.; McGlynn, B. L.] Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resources & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Payn, RA (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Hydrol Sci & Engn Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rpayn@montana.edu RI Bencala, Kenneth/A-6650-2010; Gooseff, Michael/B-9273-2008; McGlynn, Brian/A-2509-2008; Gooseff, Michael/N-6087-2015 OI McGlynn, Brian/0000-0001-5266-4894; Gooseff, Michael/0000-0003-4322-8315 FU NSF [EAR 03-37650, EAR 05-30873] FX We thank Kelsey Jencso, Austin Allen, Aurora Bouchier, and Martin Briggs for assistance in the field. We also thank the Tenderfoot Creek Experimental Forest and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, especially Ward McCaughey. This research was supported by collaborative NSF grants EAR 03-37650 to B. L. M. and EAR 05-30873 to M.N.G. The findings and opinions reported here do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 37 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 52 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV 25 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W11427 DI 10.1029/2008WR007644 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 524NF UT WOS:000272149300002 ER PT J AU Jenerette, GD Scott, RL Barron-Gafford, GA Huxman, TE AF Jenerette, G. D. Scott, R. L. Barron-Gafford, G. A. Huxman, T. E. TI Gross primary production variability associated with meteorology, physiology, leaf area, and water supply in contrasting woodland and grassland semiarid riparian ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WOODY-PLANT ENCROACHMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; EDDY COVARIANCE DATA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; NONLINEAR INVERSION; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; SOUTHEASTERN US AB Understanding ecosystem-atmosphere carbon exchanges in dryland environments has been more challenging than in mesic environments, likely due to more pronounced nonlinear responses of ecosystem processes to environmental variation. To better understand diurnal to interannual variation in gross primary productivity (GPP) variability, we coupled continuous eddy-covariance derived whole ecosystem gas exchange measurements with an ecophysiologic model based on fundamental principles of diffusion, mass balance, reaction kinetics, and biochemical regulation of photosynthesis. We evaluated the coupled data-model system to describe and understand the dynamics of 3 years of growing season GPP from a riparian grassland and woodland in southern Arizona. The data-model fusion procedure skillfully reproduced the majority of daily variation GPP throughout three growing seasons. While meteorology was similar between sites, the woodland site had consistently higher GPP rates and lower variability at daily and interannual timescales relative to the grassland site. We examined the causes of this variation using a new state factor model analysis that partitioned GPP variation into four factors: meteorology, physiology, leaf area, and water supply. The largest proportion of GPP variation was associated with physiological differences. The woodland showed a greater sensitivity than the grassland to water supply, while the grassland showed a greater sensitivity to leaf area. These differences are consistent with hypotheses of woody species using resistance mechanisms, stomatal regulation, and grassland species using resilience mechanisms, leaf area regulation, in avoiding water stress and have implications for future GPP sensitivity to climate variability following wood-grass transitions. C1 [Jenerette, G. D.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Barron-Gafford, G. A.; Huxman, T. E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barron-Gafford, G. A.; Huxman, T. E.] Univ Arizona, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ USA. [Scott, R. L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Jenerette, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM darrel.jenerette@ucr.edu FU SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) [EAR-9876800]; NSF [DEB-0415977]; USDA-ARS; University of Arizona FX This work is supported in part by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, agreement EAR-9876800, NSF award DEB-0415977 to Huxman and Williams, an NSF Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship to G.D.J. awarded in 2004, and the Philecology Foundation. The USDA-ARS and the University of Arizona provided additional financial and material support. NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 24 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G04010 DI 10.1029/2009JG001074 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 524MJ UT WOS:000272147100003 ER PT J AU Mitra, A Liu, G Song, JZ AF Mitra, Apratim Liu, George Song, Jiuzhou TI A Genome-Wide Analysis of Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Data to Detect Intra-Species Variations and Evolutionary Relationships SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR BINARY SEGMENTATION; COPY NUMBER; HAPLOTYPE MAP; WAVELET; COMPLEXITY; PHYLOGENY; FREQUENCY; SPECTRUM; IMPACT AB Array-based comparative genomics hybridization (aCGH) has gained prevalence as an effective technique for measuring structural variations in the genome. Copy-number variations (CNVs) form a large source of genomic structural variation, but it is not known whether phenotypic differences between intra-species groups, such as divergent human populations, or breeds of a domestic animal, can be attributed to CNVs. Several computational methods have been proposed to improve the detection of CNVs from array CGH data, but few population studies have used CGH data for identification of intra-species differences. In this paper we propose a novel method of genome-wide comparison and classification using CGH data that condenses whole genome information, aimed at quantification of intra-species variations and discovery of shared ancestry. Our strategy included smoothing CGH data using an appropriate denoising algorithm, extracting features via wavelets, quantifying the information via wavelet power spectrum and hierarchical clustering of the resultant profile. To evaluate the classification efficiency of our method, we used simulated data sets. We applied it to aCGH data from human and bovine individuals and showed that it successfully detects existing intra-specific variations with additional evolutionary implications. C1 [Mitra, Apratim; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, George] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Mitra, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM songj88@umd.edu FU University of Maryland; [USDA-NRI 2008-00870] FX The authors are grateful for the support by USDA-NRI 2008-00870 and Flagship program of University of Maryland. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD NOV 24 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 11 AR e7978 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0007978 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533MH UT WOS:000272827500009 PM 19956659 ER PT J AU Simko, I Pechenick, DA McHale, LK Truco, MJ Ochoa, OE Michelmore, RW Scheffler, BE AF Simko, Ivan Pechenick, Dov A. McHale, Leah K. Truco, Maria Jose Ochoa, Oswaldo E. Michelmore, Richard W. Scheffler, Brian E. TI Association mapping and marker-assisted selection of the lettuce dieback resistance gene Tvr1 SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISM; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; HAPLOTYPE STRUCTURE; FINITE POPULATIONS; LACTUCA-SATIVA; SNP FREQUENCY; ORYZA-SATIVA AB Background: Lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.) is susceptible to dieback, a soilborne disease caused by two viruses from the family Tombusviridae. Susceptibility to dieback is widespread in romaine and leaf-type lettuce, while modern iceberg cultivars are resistant to this disease. Resistance in iceberg cultivars is conferred by Tvr1 - a single, dominant gene that provides durable resistance. This study describes fine mapping of the resistance gene, analysis of nucleotide polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium in the Tvr1 region, and development of molecular markers for marker-assisted selection. Results: A combination of classical linkage mapping and association mapping allowed us to pinpoint the location of the Tvr1 resistance gene on chromosomal linkage group 2. Nine molecular markers, based on expressed sequence tags (EST), were closely linked to Tvr1 in the mapping population, developed from crosses between resistant (Salinas and Salinas 88) and susceptible (Valmaine) cultivars. Sequencing of these markers from a set of 68 cultivars revealed a relatively high level of nucleotide polymorphism (= 6.7 x 10(-3)) and extensive linkage disequilibrium (r(2) = 0.124 at 8 cM) in this region. However, the extent of linkage disequilibrium was affected by population structure and the values were substantially larger when the analysis was performed only for romaine (r(2) = 0.247) and crisphead (r(2) = 0.345) accessions. The association mapping approach revealed that one of the nine markers (Cntg10192) in the Tvr1 region matched exactly with resistant and susceptible phenotypes when tested on a set of 200 L. sativa accessions from all horticultural types of lettuce. The marker-trait association was also confirmed on two accessions of Lactuca serriola - a wild relative of cultivated lettuce. The combination of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the Cntg10192 marker identified four haplotypes. Three of the haplotypes were associated with resistance and one of them was always associated with susceptibility to the disease. Conclusion: We have successfully applied high-resolution DNA melting (HRM) analysis to distinguish all four haplotypes of the Cntg10192 marker in a single analysis. Marker-assisted selection for dieback resistance with HRM is now an integral part of our breeding program that is focused on the development of improved lettuce cultivars. C1 [Simko, Ivan; Pechenick, Dov A.] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [McHale, Leah K.; Truco, Maria Jose; Ochoa, Oswaldo E.; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Genome Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McHale, Leah K.; Truco, Maria Jose; Ochoa, Oswaldo E.; Michelmore, Richard W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McHale, Leah K.] Rijk Zwaan BV, NL-2678 ZG De Lier, Netherlands. [McHale, Leah K.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] ARS, USDA, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM ivan.simko@ars.usda.gov; dov.pechenick@ars.usda.gov; mchale.21@osu.edu; mjtruco@ucdavis.edu; oeochoa@ucdavis.edu; rwmichelmore@ucdavis.edu; brian.scheffler@ars.usda.gov RI McHale, Leah/D-9612-2012; Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012; OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 23 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 135 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-135 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 528ME UT WOS:000272449000001 PM 19930659 ER PT J AU Green, R Miller, JW Lee, KS Sutter, S Allen, LH Buchholz, BA Dueker, S AF Green, Ralph Miller, Joshua W. Lee, Kyung-Seon Sutter, Syrukh Allen, Lindsay H. Buchholz, Bruce A. Dueker, Stephen TI Oral Administration of Carbon-14 Labeled Cyanocobalamin (14C-Cbl) Reveals Variable Degradation of Vitamin B12 in the Gastrointestinal Tract That Impacts Vitamin B12 Absorption and Status SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 05-08, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 [Green, Ralph; Miller, Joshua W.; Lee, Kyung-Seon] Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Sutter, Syrukh; Allen, Lindsay H.] USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Sutter, Syrukh; Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Buchholz, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dueker, Stephen] Vitalea Sci, Davis, CA USA. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 22 BP 1176 EP 1176 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 532DS UT WOS:000272725803573 ER PT J AU Purcell, KL Mazzoni, AK Mori, SR Boroski, BB AF Purcell, Kathryn L. Mazzoni, Amie K. Mori, Sylvia R. Boroski, Brian B. TI Resting structures and resting habitat of fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada, California SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fisher; Habitat selection; Martes pennanti; Resting habitat; Resting structures; Sierra Nevada ID SEQUOIA-NATIONAL-PARK; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; MARTES-PENNANTI; WESTERN OREGON; CANOPY COVER; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; VEGETATION CHANGES; CONIFER FORESTS; SITE SELECTION; DYNAMICS AB The fisher (Martes pennanti) is a forest mustelid endemic to North America that has experienced range reductions in Pacific states that have led to their listing under the Endangered Species Act as warranted but precluded by higher priorities. The viability of the southern Sierra Nevada fisher population is of particular concern due to its reduced historical range, isolated nature, and low genetic variability. We located resting structures of radio-collared fishers in the southern Sierra Nevada and compared resting and available habitat to examine selection for specific features of resting sites. Resting structures provide protection from predators and unfavorable weather and are believed to be the most limiting habitat element across fisher home ranges. Resting structures were found primarily in live trees (76%) and snags (15%). Trees used by fishers for resting were among the largest available and frequently had mistletoe infestations. Ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa) were used more often than expected and incense cedars (Calocedrus decurrens) less than expected. Snags were also large and in fairly advanced stages of decay. Habitat at fisher resting sites had higher canopy cover, greater basal area of snags and hardwoods, and smaller and more variable tree sizes compared to random sites. Resting sites were also found on steeper slopes and closer to streams. Canopy cover was consistently the most important variable distinguishing rest and random sites. In western North America, fishers are generally associated with late-successional forests, but changes in these forests due to logging and fire suppression have resulted in a transition to forest stands characterized by fewer large trees and more small stems. These conditions are consistent with our finding that the large rest structures were surrounded by smaller than average trees. Management practices that support the growth and retention of greater numbers of large trees and snags, while maintaining a minimum of 61% (based on moosehorn) or 56% (generated via Forest Vegetation Simulator) canopy cover and a complex horizontal and vertical forest structure, can improve and provide for future fisher habitat. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Purcell, Kathryn L.; Mazzoni, Amie K.; Boroski, Brian B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Mazzoni, Amie K.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Biol, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Mori, Sylvia R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. EM kpurcell@fs.fed.us; amie.mazzoni@reedleycollege.edu; smori@fs.fed.us; bboroski@harveyecology.com RI Purcell, Kathryn/S-2592-2016 FU U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW), Fresno; California Agricultural Research Institute of California State University, Fresno FX Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW), Fresno and the California Agricultural Research Institute of California State University, Fresno. Vegetation data for the random sites were collected through a joint effort with the University of Maryland, the University of Michigan, NASA, and PSW. We greatly appreciate the help of J. Schneiderman, S. Deal, L. Nason, M. Jordan, C. Caris, D. Drynan, W. Walker, P. Hyde and the entire Michigan and Maryland vegetation crew. We thank J. Baldwin for statistical support, W. Zielinski for ideas and expertise, and D. Grubbs for encouragement. We thank C. Thompson, W. Zielinski, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 59 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 12 BP 2696 EP 2706 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.041 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 523VG UT WOS:000272102100010 ER PT J AU Leij, FJ Bradford, SA AF Leij, Feike J. Bradford, Scott A. TI Combined physical and chemical nonequilibrium transport model: Analytical solution, moments, and application to colloids SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physical nonequilibrium; Chemical nonequilibrium; Preferential flow; Model; Analytical solution; Moments ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; MULTIPROCESS NONEQUILIBRIUM; FLOW; SOILS; RETENTION; WATER AB The transport of solutes and colloids in porous media is influenced by a variety of physical and chemical nonequilibrium processes. A combined physical-chemical nonequilibrium (PCNE) model was therefore used to describe general mass transport. The model partitions the pore space into "mobile" and "immobile" flow regions with first-order mass transfer between these two regions (i.e, "physical" nonequilibrium or PNE). Partitioning between the aqueous and solid phases can either proceed as an equilibrium or a first-order process (i.e, "chemical" nonequilibrium or CNE) for both the mobile and immobile regions. An analytical solution for the PCNE model is obtained using iterated Laplace transforms. This solution complements earlier semi-analytical and numerical approaches to model solute transport with the PCNE model. The impact of selected model parameters on solute breakthrough curves is illustrated. As is well known, nonequilibrium results in earlier solute breakthrough with increased tailing. The PCNE model allows greater flexibility to describe this trend; for example, a closer resemblance between solute input and effluent pulse. Expressions for moments and transfer functions are presented to facilitate the analytical use of the PCNE model. Contours of mean breakthrough time, variance, and spread of the colloid breakthrough curves as a function of PNE and CNE parameters demonstrate the utility of a model that accounts for both physical and chemical nonequilibrium processes. The model is applied to describe representative colloid breakthrough curves in Ottawa sands reported by Bradford et al. (2002). An equilibrium model provided a good description of breakthrough curves for the bromide tracer but could not adequately describe the colloid data. A considerably better description was provide by the simple CNE model but the best description, especially for the larger 3.2-mu m colloids, was provided by the PCNE model. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. [Leij, Feike J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Civil Engn & Construct Engn Management, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. EM sbradford@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 EI 1873-6009 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 110 IS 3-4 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.09.004 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 540YL UT WOS:000273377100002 PM 19836103 ER PT J AU Bastos, RG Ueti, MW Guerrero, FD Knowles, DP Scoles, GA AF Bastos, Reginaldo G. Ueti, Massaro W. Guerrero, Felix D. Knowles, Donald P. Scoles, Glen A. TI Silencing of a putative immunophilin gene in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus increases the infection rate of Babesia bovis in larval progeny SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID LIPOCALIN PROTEIN FAMILY; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; RNA INTERFERENCE; IFN-GAMMA; HISTAMINE; IXODIDAE; VACCINE; ACARI; TRANSMISSION; INFESTATIONS AB Background: The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is involved in the transmission of the protozoan Babesia bovis, the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis. Interactions between ticks and protozoa are poorly understood and the investigation of tick genes that affect tick fitness and protozoan infection can set the stage for dissecting the molecular interactions between the two species. Results: In this study, RNA interference was used to silence R. microplus genes that had been previously shown to be up-regulated in response to B. bovis infection. The silencing of a putative immunophilin gene (Imnp) in female ticks fed on a calf acutely infected with B. bovis decreased the hatching rate and survival of larval progeny. Interestingly, Imnp was up-regulated significantly in ovaries of R. microplus in response to B. bovis infection and its silencing in female ticks significantly increased the infection rate of the protozoan in larval progeny. The results also showed that the silencing of a putative Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (Spi) gene and a putative lipocalin (Lpc) gene decreased the fitness of R. microplus females, but had no significant effect on the infection rate of B. bovis in larval progeny. Conclusion: The silencing of the Imnp, Spi or Lpc genes decreased the fitness of R. microplus females fed on a calf during acute B. bovis infection. The Imnp gene data suggest that this putative immunophilin gene is involved in the defense system of R. microplus against B. bovis and may play a role in controlling the protozoan infection in tick ovaries and larval progeny. C1 [Bastos, Reginaldo G.; Ueti, Massaro W.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Guerrero, Felix D.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.; Scoles, Glen A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bastos, RG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rgbastos@vetmed.wsu.edu; Massaro@vetmed.wsu.edu; felix.guerrero@ars.usda.gov; dknowles@vetmed.wsu.edu; scoles@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5348-32000-028-00D] FX We thank Kathy Mason, Ralph Horn, James Allison and Sara Davis for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project number 5348-32000-028-00D. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 2 AR 57 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-2-57 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 526KP UT WOS:000272287800001 PM 19930572 ER PT J AU Schnable, PS Ware, D Fulton, RS Stein, JC Wei, FS Pasternak, S Liang, CZ Zhang, JW Fulton, L Graves, TA Minx, P Reily, AD Courtney, L Kruchowski, SS Tomlinson, C Strong, C Delehaunty, K Fronick, C Courtney, B Rock, SM Belter, E Du, FY Kim, K Abbott, RM Cotton, M Levy, A Marchetto, P Ochoa, K Jackson, SM Gillam, B Chen, WZ Yan, L Higginbotham, J Cardenas, M Waligorski, J Applebaum, E Phelps, L Falcone, J Kanchi, K Thane, T Scimone, A Thane, N Henke, J Wang, T Ruppert, J Shah, N Rotter, K Hodges, J Ingenthron, E Cordes, M Kohlberg, S Sgro, J Delgado, B Mead, K Chinwalla, A Leonard, S Crouse, K Collura, K Kudrna, D Currie, J He, RF Angelova, A Rajasekar, S Mueller, T Lomeli, R Scara, G Ko, A Delaney, K Wissotski, M Lopez, G Campos, D Braidotti, M Ashley, E Golser, W Kim, H Lee, S Lin, JK Dujmic, Z Kim, W Talag, J Zuccolo, A Fan, C Sebastian, A Kramer, M Spiegel, L Nascimento, L Zutavern, T Miller, B Ambroise, C Muller, S Spooner, W Narechania, A Ren, LY Wei, S Kumari, S Faga, B Levy, MJ McMahan, L Van Buren, P Vaughn, MW Ying, K Yeh, CT Emrich, SJ Jia, Y Kalyanaraman, A Hsia, AP Barbazuk, WB Baucom, RS Brutnell, TP Carpita, NC Chaparro, C Chia, JM Deragon, JM Estill, JC Fu, Y Jeddeloh, JA Han, YJ Lee, H Li, PH Lisch, DR Liu, SZ Liu, ZJ Nagel, DH McCann, MC SanMiguel, P Myers, AM Nettleton, D Nguyen, J Penning, BW Ponnala, L Schneider, KL Schwartz, DC Sharma, A Soderlund, C Springer, NM Sun, Q Wang, H Waterman, M Westerman, R Wolfgruber, TK Yang, LX Yu, Y Zhang, LF Zhou, SG Zhu, Q Bennetzen, JL Dawe, RK Jiang, JM Jiang, N Presting, GG Wessler, SR Aluru, S Martienssen, RA Clifton, SW McCombie, WR Wing, RA Wilson, RK AF Schnable, Patrick S. Ware, Doreen Fulton, Robert S. Stein, Joshua C. Wei, Fusheng Pasternak, Shiran Liang, Chengzhi Zhang, Jianwei Fulton, Lucinda Graves, Tina A. Minx, Patrick Reily, Amy Denise Courtney, Laura Kruchowski, Scott S. Tomlinson, Chad Strong, Cindy Delehaunty, Kim Fronick, Catrina Courtney, Bill Rock, Susan M. Belter, Eddie Du, Feiyu Kim, Kyung Abbott, Rachel M. Cotton, Marc Levy, Andy Marchetto, Pamela Ochoa, Kerri Jackson, Stephanie M. Gillam, Barbara Chen, Weizu Yan, Le Higginbotham, Jamey Cardenas, Marco Waligorski, Jason Applebaum, Elizabeth Phelps, Lindsey Falcone, Jason Kanchi, Krishna Thane, Thynn Scimone, Adam Thane, Nay Henke, Jessica Wang, Tom Ruppert, Jessica Shah, Neha Rotter, Kelsi Hodges, Jennifer Ingenthron, Elizabeth Cordes, Matt Kohlberg, Sara Sgro, Jennifer Delgado, Brandon Mead, Kelly Chinwalla, Asif Leonard, Shawn Crouse, Kevin Collura, Kristi Kudrna, Dave Currie, Jennifer He, Ruifeng Angelova, Angelina Rajasekar, Shanmugam Mueller, Teri Lomeli, Rene Scara, Gabriel Ko, Ara Delaney, Krista Wissotski, Marina Lopez, Georgina Campos, David Braidotti, Michele Ashley, Elizabeth Golser, Wolfgang Kim, HyeRan Lee, Seunghee Lin, Jinke Dujmic, Zeljko Kim, Woojin Talag, Jayson Zuccolo, Andrea Fan, Chuanzhu Sebastian, Aswathy Kramer, Melissa Spiegel, Lori Nascimento, Lidia Zutavern, Theresa Miller, Beth Ambroise, Claude Muller, Stephanie Spooner, Will Narechania, Apurva Ren, Liya Wei, Sharon Kumari, Sunita Faga, Ben Levy, Michael J. McMahan, Linda Van Buren, Peter Vaughn, Matthew W. Ying, Kai Yeh, Cheng-Ting Emrich, Scott J. Jia, Yi Kalyanaraman, Ananth Hsia, An-Ping Barbazuk, W. Brad Baucom, Regina S. Brutnell, Thomas P. Carpita, Nicholas C. Chaparro, Cristian Chia, Jer-Ming Deragon, Jean-Marc Estill, James C. Fu, Yan Jeddeloh, Jeffrey A. Han, Yujun Lee, Hyeran Li, Pinghua Lisch, Damon R. Liu, Sanzhen Liu, Zhijie Nagel, Dawn Holligan McCann, Maureen C. SanMiguel, Phillip Myers, Alan M. Nettleton, Dan Nguyen, John Penning, Bryan W. Ponnala, Lalit Schneider, Kevin L. Schwartz, David C. Sharma, Anupma Soderlund, Carol Springer, Nathan M. Sun, Qi Wang, Hao Waterman, Michael Westerman, Richard Wolfgruber, Thomas K. Yang, Lixing Yu, Yeisoo Zhang, Lifang Zhou, Shiguo Zhu, Qihui Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. Dawe, R. Kelly Jiang, Jiming Jiang, Ning Presting, Gernot G. Wessler, Susan R. Aluru, Srinivas Martienssen, Robert A. Clifton, Sandra W. McCombie, W. Richard Wing, Rod A. Wilson, Richard K. TI The B73 Maize Genome: Complexity, Diversity, and Dynamics SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ZEA-MAYS; GENES; PLANT; RETROTRANSPOSONS; METHYLATION; DIVERGENCE; EVOLUTION; GENETICS AB We report an improved draft nucleotide sequence of the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize, an important crop plant and model for biological research. Over 32,000 genes were predicted, of which 99.8% were placed on reference chromosomes. Nearly 85% of the genome is composed of hundreds of families of transposable elements, dispersed nonuniformly across the genome. These were responsible for the capture and amplification of numerous gene fragments and affect the composition, sizes, and positions of centromeres. We also report on the correlation of methylation-poor regions with Mu transposon insertions and recombination, and copy number variants with insertions and/or deletions, as well as how uneven gene losses between duplicated regions were involved in returning an ancient allotetraploid to a genetically diploid state. These analyses inform and set the stage for further investigations to improve our understanding of the domestication and agricultural improvements of maize. C1 [Wilson, Richard K.] Washington Univ, Genome Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Carbon Capturing Crops, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Robert Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, N Atlantic Area, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Genom Inst, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, BIO5 Inst Collaborat Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Perpignan, CNRS, F-66025 Perpignan, France. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NimbleGen, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Lab Mol & Computat Genom, Dept Chem, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Arizona, BIO5 Inst Collaborat Res, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Wilson, RK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Genome Ctr, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. EM rwilson@wustl.edu RI Springer, Nathan/F-2680-2013; Zhou, Shiguo/B-3832-2011; Zhu, Qihui/N-2625-2013; Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009; JIA, YI/E-9675-2010; Deragon, Jean-Marc/C-5174-2008; Lisch, Damon/A-9414-2010; Ponnala, Lalit/B-2354-2010; Zhang, Jianwei/D-2488-2009; He, Ruifeng/F-1418-2010; Chia, Jer-Ming/C-9992-2012; Jia, Yi/F-7476-2010; Jiang, Ning/G-6546-2012; Yang, Lixing/A-7073-2013; Wang, Hao/C-7651-2009; Brutnell, Thomas/M-2840-2013; SanMiguel, Phillip/I-2196-2015; Sharma, Anupma/F-1221-2015; Chaparro, Cristian/D-1427-2015; OI Springer, Nathan/0000-0002-7301-4759; Zhou, Shiguo/0000-0001-7421-2506; Wang, Hao/0000-0002-9634-8778; Brutnell, Thomas/0000-0002-3581-8211; SanMiguel, Phillip/0000-0002-3742-9527; Sharma, Anupma/0000-0002-6201-7639; Chaparro, Cristian/0000-0002-5162-349X; Estill, James/0000-0003-1020-2928; Yeh, Cheng-Ting/0000-0002-1392-2018; Vaughn, Matthew/0000-0002-1384-4283; Baucom, Regina/0000-0001-7960-498X; McCombie, W. Richard/0000-0003-1899-0682; Zhang, Jianwei/0000-0001-8030-5346; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 FU NSF [DBI-0527192, DBI-0607123, DBI-0421671, DBI-0321467, DBI-0321711, DBI-0333074, DBI-0501818, DBI-0501857, DBI-0701736, DBI-0703273, DBI-0703908]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35301-15715, 2007-35301-18372]; USDA-ARS [408934, 413089]; Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research); U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64702] FX The Maize Genome Sequencing Project supported by NSF award DBI-0527192 (R. K. W., S. W. C., R. S. F., R. A. W., P. S. S., S. A., L. S., D. W., W. R. M., R. A. M.). The Maize Transposable Element Consortium and the Maize Centromere Consortium supported by NSF awards DBI-0607123 (S. R. W., J. L. B., R. K. D., N. J., P. S. M.) and DBI-0421671 (R. K. D., J. J., G. G. P.). Also supported by NSF grants DBI-0321467 (D. W.), DBI-0321711 (P. S. S.), DBI-0333074 (D. W.), DBI-0501818 (D. C. S.), DBI-0501857 (Y. Y.), DBI-0701736 (T. P. B., Q. S.), DBI-0703273 (R. A. M.), and DBI-0703908 (D. W.), and by USDA National Research Initiative Grants 2005-35301-15715 and 2007-35301-18372 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (P. S. S.) and from the USDA-ARS (408934 and 413089) to D. W., and from the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), U. S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-08ER64702 to N. C. C. and M. C. M. Sequences of the reference chromosomes have been deposited in GenBank as accession numbers CM000777 to CM000786. RNA-sequence reads have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) as accession numbers GSE16136, GSE16868, and GSE16916. Centromeric sequences have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Trace Archive as accessions 1757396377 to 1757412600 and 2185189231 to 2185200942. NR 51 TC 1529 Z9 1636 U1 36 U2 341 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5956 BP 1112 EP 1115 DI 10.1126/science.1178534 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 521UW UT WOS:000271951000044 PM 19965430 ER PT J AU Gore, MA Chia, JM Elshire, RJ Sun, Q Ersoz, ES Hurwitz, BL Peiffer, JA McMullen, MD Grills, GS Ross-Ibarra, J Ware, DH Buckler, ES AF Gore, Michael A. Chia, Jer-Ming Elshire, Robert J. Sun, Qi Ersoz, Elhan S. Hurwitz, Bonnie L. Peiffer, Jason A. McMullen, Michael D. Grills, George S. Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey Ware, Doreen H. Buckler, Edward S. TI A First-Generation Haplotype Map of Maize SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENOME; POPULATION; DOMESTICATION; DIVERSITY; DNA; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERGENCE; ZEA AB Maize is an important crop species of high genetic diversity. We identified and genotyped several million sequence polymorphisms among 27 diverse maize inbred lines and discovered that the genome was characterized by highly divergent haplotypes and showed 10- to 30-fold variation in recombination rates. Most chromosomes have pericentromeric regions with highly suppressed recombination that appear to have influenced the effectiveness of selection during maize inbred development and may be a major component of heterosis. We found hundreds of selective sweeps and highly differentiated regions that probably contain loci that are key to geographic adaptation. This survey of genetic diversity provides a foundation for uniting breeding efforts across the world and for dissecting complex traits through genome-wide association studies. C1 [Gore, Michael A.; McMullen, Michael D.; Ware, Doreen H.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gore, Michael A.; Peiffer, Jason A.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Gore, Michael A.; Elshire, Robert J.; Ersoz, Elhan S.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chia, Jer-Ming; Hurwitz, Bonnie L.; Ware, Doreen H.] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Sun, Qi] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Grills, George S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Biotechnol & Life Sci Technol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ware, DH (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ware@cshl.edu; esb33@cornell.edu RI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/D-7782-2011; Chia, Jer-Ming/C-9992-2012; OI Ross-Ibarra, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1656-4954; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Elshire, Robert/0000-0003-1753-6920 FU NSF [DBI-0321467, DBI-0638566, DBI-0820619]; USDA-ARS FX We thank D. Costich and L. Rigamer Lirette for technical editing of the manuscript; researchers at the Lita Annenberg Hazen Genome Sequencing Center of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory for discussion about sequencing and library construction; and T. Stelick, P. Schweitzer, and J. I. VanEe for assistance with the SBS data, all of which was generated at the Cornell University Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center. Mention of trade names or commercial products was solely to provide specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. This work was supported by NSF grants DBI-0321467, DBI-0638566, and DBI-0820619, and by the USDA-ARS. Sequences have been deposited at National Center for Biotechnology Information Short Read Archive with accession number SRP001145, and SNP calls are available at www.panzea.org. NR 22 TC 335 Z9 344 U1 8 U2 80 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5956 BP 1115 EP 1117 DI 10.1126/science.1177837 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 521UW UT WOS:000271951000045 PM 19965431 ER PT J AU Pinto-Tomas, AA Anderson, MA Suen, G Stevenson, DM Chu, FST Cleland, WW Weimer, PJ Currie, CR AF Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A. Anderson, Mark A. Suen, Garret Stevenson, David M. Chu, Fiona S. T. Cleland, W. Wallace Weimer, Paul J. Currie, Cameron R. TI Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Fungus Gardens of Leaf-Cutter Ants SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ATTA-CEPHALOTES; CUTTING ANTS; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; COLOMBICA; TERMITES; REFUSE; PLANTS; NESTS AB Bacteria-mediated acquisition of atmospheric N(2) serves as a critical source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we reveal that symbiotic nitrogen fixation facilitates the cultivation of specialized fungal crops by leaf-cutter ants. By using acetylene reduction and stable isotope experiments, we demonstrated that N(2) fixation occurred in the fungus gardens of eight leaf-cutter ant species and, further, that this fixed nitrogen was incorporated into ant biomass. Symbiotic N(2)-fixing bacteria were consistently isolated from the fungus gardens of 80 leaf-cutter ant colonies collected in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Panama. The discovery of N(2) fixation within the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis reveals a previously unrecognized nitrogen source in neotropical ecosystems. C1 [Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A.; Suen, Garret; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A.] Univ Costa Rica, Dept Bioquim, Fac Med, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A.] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Estruct Microscop, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Anderson, Mark A.; Chu, Fiona S. T.; Cleland, W. Wallace] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Inst Enzyme Res, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Suen, Garret; Currie, Cameron R.] Univ Wisconsin, US DOE, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stevenson, David M.; Weimer, Paul J.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Currie, CR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM currie@bact.wisc.edu OI Suen, Garret/0000-0002-6170-711X FU NSF [MCB-0731822, MCB-0702025, DEB-0747002]; NIH [GM 18938]; OTS; U. S. Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [3655-41000-005-00D] FX We thank R. Steffensen, L. Schwab, L. Uribe, M. Mora, B. Matarrita, D. Brenes, R. Araya, H. Read, J. Mentzer, D. Maly, and G. Pine for technical assistance; Y. Zhang, E. Pohlmann, and G. Roberts for assistance with acetylene reduction assays; A. Little, S. Price, and U. Mueller for leaf-cutter ant colony collection; M. Rogel-Hernandez and E. Martinez-Romero for providing isolate K. variicola F2R9; B. Ma, A. Charkowski, and N. Perna for assistance with phylogenetic analyses; E. Sanchez, R. Moreira, and T. Escalante for assistance with microscopic analyses; N. Keuler for statistical advice; the sequencing and production teams at the Joint Genome Institute; and S. Adams, F. Aylward, E. Caldera, N. Gerardo, H. Goodrich-Blair, K. Grubbs, S. Marsh, M. Poulsen, K. Raffa, G. Roberts, E. Ruby, T. Schultz, and J. Scott for comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS) and the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia in Costa Rica, the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente in Panama, and the Government of Argentina for facilitating the research and granting collecting permits. This work was funded by NSF grants MCB-0731822, MCB-0702025, and DEB-0747002 to C. R. C.; NIH grant GM 18938 to W. W. C., and an OTS research fellowship to A. A. P.-T. G. S. and C. R. C. were supported by the U. S. Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center under contract DE-FC02-07ER64494; D. M. S. and P. J. W. were supported by U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System project 3655-41000-005-00D. DNA sequence data were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers FJ593730 to FJ593840 and GQ342603 to GQ342604. NR 27 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 8 U2 96 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 20 PY 2009 VL 326 IS 5956 BP 1120 EP 1123 DI 10.1126/science.1173036 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 521UW UT WOS:000271951000047 PM 19965433 ER PT J AU Zheng, XZ Wang, X Lan, YB Shi, J Xue, SJ Liu, CH AF Zheng, Xianzhe Wang, Xin Lan, Yubin Shi, John Xue, Sophia Jun Liu, Chenghai TI Application of response surface methodology to optimize microwave-assisted extraction of silymarin from milk thistle seeds SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microwave-assisted extraction; Silymarin yield; Milk thistle seeds; Response surface methodology ID HOT-WATER EXTRACTION; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ANTIOXIDANT; FLAVONOIDS; SAPONINS; GRASS AB Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) is an excellent source of silymarin used as an antioxidant. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was employed to extract silymarin from milk thistle seeds. The effects of four independents variables in terms of extraction time, temperature, ethanol concentration, and solid-liquid ratio on the silymarin yield were determined and the optimal conditions for silymarin were evaluated by means of response surface methodology. Correlation analysis of the mathematical regression model indicated that a quadratic polynomial model could be employed to characterize MAE process for the silymarin. Response surface plots showed that these independent variables, except for extraction time, and interactions significantly influenced the extraction yield of silymarin. The optimal extraction parameters to obtain the highest silymarin yield were time duration of 60 min, temperature of 112 degrees C, ethanol concentration of 81.5% (v/v), and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:38 (g/mL). The average experimental silymarin yield under the optimum conditions was found to be 56.67 +/- 1.36 mg/g, which agree with the predicted value of 57.40 mg/g. MAE method was applied successfully to extract silymarin from milk thistle seeds. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Xianzhe; Wang, Xin; Liu, Chenghai] NE Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Lan, Yubin] ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Shi, John; Xue, Sophia Jun] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Food Res Ctr, Toronto, ON N1G 5C9, Canada. RP Zheng, XZ (reprint author), NE Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. EM zhengxz@neau.edu.cn NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD NOV 19 PY 2009 VL 70 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2009.08.008 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 523GY UT WOS:000272061700004 ER PT J AU Rao, SS Mamadou, L McConnell, M Polisetty, R Kwanyuen, P Hildebrand, D AF Rao, Suryadevara S. Mamadou, Lewamy McConnell, Matt Polisetty, Raghuveer Kwanyuen, Prachuab Hildebrand, David TI Non-antibiotic selection systems for soybean somatic embryos: the lysine analog aminoethyl-cysteine as a selection agent SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL DIHYDRODIPICOLINATE SYNTHASE; INSENSITIVE ASPARTATE KINASE; BARLEY MUTANTS RESISTANT; MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; FOREIGN GENES; ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; SUSPENSION-CULTURE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; TOBACCO PLANTS AB Background: In soybean somatic embryo transformation, the standard selection agent currently used is hygromycin. It may be preferable to avoid use of antibiotic resistance genes in foods. The objective of these experiments was to develop a selection system for producing transgenic soybean somatic embryos without the use of antibiotics such as hygromycin. Results: When tested against different alternate selection agents our studies show that 0.16 mu g/mL glufosinate, 40 mg/L isopropylamine-glyphosate, 0.5 mg/mL (S-(2 aminoethyl)-L-cysteine) (AEC) and the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors Exceed(R) and Synchrony(R) both at 150 mu g/mL inhibited soybean somatic embryo growth. Even at the concentration of 2 mg/mL, lysine+threonine (LT) were poor selection agents. The use of AEC may be preferable since it is a natural compound. Unlike the plant enzyme, dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) from E. coli is not feed-back inhibited by physiological concentrations of lysine. The dapA gene which codes for E. coli DHPS was expressed in soybean somatic embryos under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Following introduction of the construct into embryogenic tissue of soybean, transgenic events were recovered by incubating the tissue in liquid medium containing AEC at a concentration of 5 mM. Only transgenic soybeans were able to grow at this concentration of AEC; no escapes were observed. Conclusion: Genetically engineered soybeans expressing a lysine insensitive DHPS gene can be selected with the non-antibiotic selection agent AEC. We also report here the inhibitory effects of glufosinate, (isopropylamine-glyphosate) (Roundup(R)), AEC and the ALS inhibitors Exceed(R) and Synchrony(R) against different tissues of soybean C1 [Rao, Suryadevara S.; Mamadou, Lewamy; McConnell, Matt; Polisetty, Raghuveer; Hildebrand, David] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kwanyuen, Prachuab] NC State Univ Raleigh, USDA ARS Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. RP Rao, SS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM ssrao1@uky.edu; mlewamy@hotmail.com; Dragoon3428@gmail.com; rpolisetty@hotmail.com; Prachuab.Kwanyuen@ARS.USDA.GOV; dhild@uky.edu OI McConnell, Matthew/0000-0003-0194-5287 FU United Soybean Board; Kentucky Soybean Promotion Board; Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station FX This work was supported by the United Soybean Board, the Kentucky Soybean Promotion Board and the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Erin Yost provided very helpful technical support. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD NOV 18 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 94 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-9-94 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 527AC UT WOS:000272337100001 PM 19922622 ER PT J AU Kumar, S Hahn, FM McMahan, CM Cornish, K Whalen, MC AF Kumar, Shashi Hahn, Frederick M. McMahan, Colleen M. Cornish, Katrina Whalen, Maureen C. TI Comparative analysis of the complete sequence of the plastid genome of Parthenium argentatum and identification of DNA barcodes to differentiate Parthenium species and lines SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPLAST DNA; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; FLOWERING PLANTS; LAND PLANTS; TOBACCO; GUAYULE; RUBBER; GENE; INHERITANCE; PHYLOGENY AB Background: Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is an industrial crop that produces latex, which was recently commercialized as a source of latex rubber safe for people with Type I latex allergy. The complete plastid genome of P. argentatum was sequenced. The sequence provides important information useful for genetic engineering strategies. Comparison to the sequences of plastid genomes from three other members of the Asteraceae, Lactuca sativa, Guitozia abyssinica and Helianthus annuus revealed details of the evolution of the four genomes. Chloroplast-specific DNA barcodes were developed for identification of Parthenium species and lines. Results: The complete plastid genome of P. argentatum is 152,803 bp. Based on the overall comparison of individual protein coding genes with those in L. sativa, G. abyssinica and H. annuus, we demonstrate that the P. argentatum chloroplast genome sequence is most closely related to that of H. annuus. Similar to chloroplast genomes in G. abyssinica, L. sativa and H. annuus, the plastid genome of P. argentatum has a large 23 kb inversion with a smaller 3.4 kb inversion, within the large inversion. Using the matK and psbA-trnH spacer chloroplast DNA barcodes, three of the four Parthenium species tested, P. tomentosum, P. hysterophorus and P. schottii, can be differentiated from P. argentatum. In addition, we identified lines within P. argentatum. Conclusion: The genome sequence of the P. argentatum chloroplast will enrich the sequence resources of plastid genomes in commercial crops. The availability of the complete plastid genome sequence may facilitate transformation efficiency by using the precise sequence of endogenous flanking sequences and regulatory elements in chloroplast transformation vectors. The DNA barcoding study forms the foundation for genetic identification of commercially significant lines of P. argentatum that are important for producing latex. C1 [Kumar, Shashi; Hahn, Frederick M.; McMahan, Colleen M.; Whalen, Maureen C.] ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kumar, Shashi; Cornish, Katrina] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Whalen, MC (reprint author), ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM shashi.kumar@ars.usda.gov; doktorphred@earthlink.net; colleen.mcmahan@ars.usda.gov; kcornish@yulex.com; maureen.whalen@ars.usda.gov OI Kumar, Shashi/0000-0001-7192-1526 FU USDA-ARS [5325-41000-04300D]; Yulex, Corp. [58-3K95-6-1172] FX Thanks to Dr. William Belknap and Mr. David Rockhold for helping with the bioinformatics tools used in this study, Drs. Terry Coffelt and Lauren Johnson for sending us seeds, and Drs. Yong Gu and Kent McCue for critical review. This work was funded by USDA-ARS project # 5325-41000-04300D and Yulex, Corp. via CRADA # 58-3K95-6-1172. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD NOV 17 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 131 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-9-131 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 528MB UT WOS:000272448700001 PM 19917140 ER PT J AU Simkovic, I Nunez, A Strahan, GD Yadav, MP Mendichi, R Hicks, KB AF Simkovic, Ivan Nunez, Alberto Strahan, Gary D. Yadav, Madhav P. Mendichi, Raniero Hicks, Kevin B. TI Fractionation of sugar beet pulp by introducing ion-exchange groups SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Sugar beet pulp; Quaternization; Hydroxypropylsulfonation; Arabinogalactan; Pectin ID STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES; CORN FIBER; CELL-WALLS; ARABINAN AB Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was chemically modified with the goal to utilize this method for the preparation of water-soluble polysaccharides. Yields of the trimethylammoniumhydroxypropylated (TMAHP) polysaccharide fractions prepared under vacuum in absence of NaOH or KOH, as well as their molar masses, were higher than those obtained when the samples were only extracted with hydroxide at ambient pressure. The hydroxypropylsulfonated (HPS) fractions extracted at ambient pressure with NaOH had higher yields and molar mass than the TMAHP fractions extracted under vacuum with KOH. introduction of both ion-exchange groups in one step under vacuum with NaOH gave better yields than with KOH, but smaller than for the solely sulfonated sample. The molar masses of chemically modified fractions were smaller than those extracted only with alkali or water. According to the monosaccharide composition all the fractions are mixtures of arabinogalactans and rhamnogalacturonoans. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Simkovic, Ivan] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. [Nunez, Alberto; Strahan, Gary D.; Yadav, Madhav P.; Hicks, Kevin B.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Mendichi, Raniero] CNR, Ist Studio Macromol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP Simkovic, I (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Dubravska Cesta 9, Bratislava 84538, Slovakia. EM chemsimk@savba.sk FU ARG/ PROG [JA00036652, 00036910]; Slovak Grant Agency VEGA [2/7030/7] FX The authors are pleased to aknowledge Arland T. Hotchkiss, Hoa K. Chau, Brett J. Savary, Marshall L. Fishman, Andre White, Prasanna Vasu, LinShu Liu, David R. Coffin, USDA, OECD (Direction: ARG/ PROG; Contracts JA00036652 and 00036910), and Slovak Grant Agency VEGA (Project No. 2/7030/7) for the support and helpful discussions. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD NOV 17 PY 2009 VL 78 IS 4 BP 806 EP 812 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.06.022 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 504NR UT WOS:000270624200024 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Willett, JL Schnupf, U AF Momany, Frank A. Willett, J. L. Schnupf, Udo TI Molecular dynamics simulations of a cyclic-DP-240 amylose fragment in a periodic cell: Glass transition temperature and water diffusion SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Glass transition temperature; Molecular dynamics; c-DP-240; Self diffusion coefficient ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FORCE-FIELD; GLUCOSE; NMR; MALTOSE; STARCH; MIXTURES; LINKAGES; BEHAVIOR AB Molecular dynamics simulations using AMB06C, an in-house carbohydrate force field, (NPT ensembles, 1 atm) were carried out on a periodic cell that contained a cyclic 240 glucose residue amylose fragment (c-DP-240) and TIP3P water molecules. Molecular conformation and movement of the amylose fragment and water molecules at different temperatures were examined. The periodic cell volume, density, and potential energy were determined at temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature (T(g)) in 25 K increments. The amorphous cell is constructed through successive dynamic equilibration steps at temperatures above the assumed T(g) value and the temperature successively lowered until several temperature points were obtained below T(g). Molecular dynamics simulations were continued for at least 500 ps or until the volume drift stopped and remained constant for several hundred picoseconds. The T(g) values were found by noting the discontinuity in slope of the volume (V), potential energy (PE), or density (rho) versus 1/T. The changes in flexibility and motion of the amylose chain as well as differences in self diffusion coefficients of water molecules are described. The final average T(g) value found (316 K) is in agreement with experimental values, i.e. similar to 320 K. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Momany, Frank A.; Willett, J. L.; Schnupf, Udo] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, MWA, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, FA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, MWA, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD NOV 17 PY 2009 VL 78 IS 4 BP 978 EP 986 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.07.034 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 504NR UT WOS:000270624200048 ER PT J AU Sakhanokho, HF AF Sakhanokho, Hamidou F. TI Sulfuric acid and hot water treatments enhance ex vitro and in vitro germination of Hibiscus seed SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hibiscus dasycaly; Hibiscus acetosella; seed scarification; in vitro seed germination; ex vitro seed germination ID GROWTH AB Seeds of Hibiscus dasycalyx S. F. Blake and Shiller, a federally listed candidate endangered species and native to North America and two variants of Hibiscus acetosella Welw. ex. Hiern were scarified using sulfuric acid and hot water. The effects of the scarification methods on in vitro and ex vitro germination in both species were evaluated. Sulfuric acid scarification was very effective for in vitro and ex vitro germination of both forms of H. acetosella and H. dasycalyx seeds by dramatically increasing germination rate and decreasing germination time. Acid scarification of H. acetosella seeds for 10, 15, or 20 min resulted in close to 90% germination within a week. Germination rates of about 70% (ex vitro) and 80% (in vitro) were obtained in H. dasycalyx seeds treated with sulfuric acid. Germination rates of 54% (ex vitro) and 95% (in vitro) were achieved when H. dasycalyx seeds were treated with hot water for 5 min, but exposing the seeds for 10, 15, or 20 min produced poor results in H. acetosella and H. dasycalyx as hot water scarification appeared to result in severe injury or death of the embryos. The protocols described here constitute rapid, reliable and simple methods to germinate H. acetosella and H. dasycalyx seeds in vitro and ex vitro. These results can be valuable in commercial productions or research projects. In addition, the in vitro germination of H. dasycalyx can offer a valuable tool in conservation efforts for this threatened species. C1 USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Sakhanokho, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, POB 287,810 High Way 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM Hamidou.Sakhanokho@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 8 IS 22 BP 6185 EP 6190 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 545FW UT WOS:000273718900028 ER PT J AU Waterland, RA AF Waterland, Robert A. TI Early environmental effects on epigenetic regulation in humans SO EPIGENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE developmental origins; dutch famine; DNA methylation; in vitro fertilization; assisted reproductive technologies; genomic imprinting ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; DEVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; SUPPLEMENTATION; ALLELE; MICE C1 [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Waterland, Robert A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Human Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Waterland, RA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM waterland@bcm.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5K01DK070007] NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1002 WEST AVENUE, 2ND FLOOR, AUSTIN, TX 78701 USA SN 1559-2294 J9 EPIGENETICS JI Epigenetics PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 8 BP 523 EP 525 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 527PS UT WOS:000272379600001 PM 19923895 ER PT J AU Roman, MO Schaaf, CB Woodcock, CE Strahler, AH Yang, XY Braswell, RH Curtis, PS Davis, KJ Dragoni, D Goulden, ML Gu, LH Hollinger, DY Kolb, TE Meyers, TP Munger, JW Privette, JL Richardson, AD Wilson, TB Wofsy, SC AF Roman, Miguel O. Schaaf, Crystal B. Woodcock, Curtis E. Strahler, Alan H. Yang, Xiaoyuan Braswell, Rob H. Curtis, Peter S. Davis, Kenneth J. Dragoni, Danilo Goulden, Michael L. Gu, Lianhong Hollinger, David Y. Kolb, Thomas E. Meyers, Tilden P. Munger, J. William Privette, Jeffrey L. Richardson, Andrew D. Wilson, Tim B. Wofsy, Steven C. TI The MODIS (Collection V005) BRDF/albedo product: Assessment of spatial representativeness over forested landscapes SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MODIS; BRDF; Surface albedo; Validation; Spatial analysis; Remote sensing; AmeriFlux; FLUXNET; EOS Land Validation Core Sites; ETM; 6S; Geostatistics ID LAND-SURFACE ALBEDO; BROAD-BAND CONVERSIONS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; NADIR REFLECTANCE; NORTHERN ARIZONA; CARBON STORAGE; NARROW-BAND; BRDF MODELS; VALIDATION; VEGETATION AB A new methodology for establishing the spatial representativeness of tower albedo measurements that are routinely used in validation of satellite retrievals from global land surface albedo and reflectance anisotropy products is presented. This method brings together knowledge of the intrinsic biophysical properties of a measurement site, and the surrounding landscape to produce a number of geostatistical attributes that describe the overall variability, spatial extent, strength of the spatial correlation, and spatial structure of surface albedo patterns at separate seasonal periods throughout the year. Variogram functions extracted from Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) retrievals of surface albedo using multiple spatial and temporal thresholds were used to assess the degree to which a given point (tower) measurement is able to capture the intrinsic variability of the immediate landscape extending to a satellite pixel. A validation scheme was implemented over a wide range of forested landscapes, looking at both deciduous and coniferous sites, from tropical to boreal ecosystems. The experiment focused on comparisons between tower measurements of surface albedo acquired at local solar noon and matching retrievals from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (Collection V005) Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/albedo algorithm. Assessments over a select group of field stations with comparable landscape features and daily retrieval scenarios further demonstrate the ability of this technique to identify measurement sites that contain the intrinsic spatial and seasonal features of surface albedo over sufficiently large enough footprints for use in modeling and remote sensing studies. This approach, therefore, improves our understanding of product uncertainty both in terms of the representativeness of the field data and its relationship to the larger satellite pixel. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Roman, Miguel O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Roman, Miguel O.; Schaaf, Crystal B.; Woodcock, Curtis E.; Strahler, Alan H.; Yang, Xiaoyuan] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Braswell, Rob H.] Complex Syst Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH USA. [Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organism Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dragoni, Danilo] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Goulden, Michael L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Gu, Lianhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Kolb, Thomas E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Wilson, Tim B.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, IN USA. [Munger, J. William; Wofsy, Steven C.] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Privette, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Roman, MO (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM romanm@ieee.org RI Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Braswell, Bobby/D-6411-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X; Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Braswell, Bobby/0000-0002-4061-9516; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA-NNX07AT35H, NASA-NNX08AE94A]; U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program [DOE-DEFG02-06ER64178]; Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0207ER64371] FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose close reading and suggestions led to a better organized and stronger paper. Support for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grants NASA-NNX07AT35H and NASA-NNX08AE94A; and the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program under grant DOE-DEFG02-06ER64178. Research at the MMSF site was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG0207ER64371. NR 71 TC 91 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2476 EP 2498 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.009 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506DW UT WOS:000270754800019 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Yang, ZQ Cohen, WB Pflugmacher, D Lauver, CL Vankat, JL AF Kim, Yunsuk Yang, Zhiqiang Cohen, Warren B. Pflugmacher, Dirk Lauver, Chris L. Vankat, John L. TI Distinguishing between live and dead standing tree biomass on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA using small-footprint lidar data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Small footprint; Lidar; Biomass; Dead; Intensity; Grand Canyon; North Rim; Forest ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; ESTIMATING FOREST BIOMASS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; WILDLIFE HABITAT; CANOPY STRUCTURE; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; UNITED-STATES AB Accurate estimation of live and dead biomass in forested ecosystems is important for studies of carbon dynamics, biodiversity, wildfire behavior, and for forest management. Lidar remote sensing has been used successfully to estimate live biomass, but studies focusing on dead biomass are rare. We used lidar data, in conjunction with field measurements from 58 plots to distinguish between and map standing live and dead tree biomass in the mixed coniferous forest of the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, USA. Lidar intensity and canopy volume were key variables for estimating live biomass, whereas for dead biomass, lidar intensity alone was critical for accurate estimation. Regression estimates of both live and dead biomass ranged between 0 and 600 Mg ha(-1), with means of 195.08 Mg ha(-1) and 65.73 Mg ha(-1), respectively. Cross validation with field data resulted in correlation coefficients for predicted vs. observed of 0.85 for live biomass (RMSE = 50 Mg ha(-1) and %RMSE (RMSE as a percent of the mean) = 26). For dead biomass, correlation was 0.79, RMSE was 42 Mg ha(-1), and %RMSE was 63. Biomass maps revealed interesting patterns of live and dead standing tree biomass. Live biomass was highest in the ponderosa pine zone, and decreased from south to north through the mixed conifer and spruce-fir forest zones. Dead biomass exhibited a background range of values in these mature forests from zero to 100 Mg ha(-1), with lower values in locations having higher live biomass. In areas with high dead biomass values, live biomass was near zero. These areas were associated with recent wildfires, as indicated by fire maps derived from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity Project (MTBS). Combining our dead biomass maps with the MTBS maps, we demonstrated the complementary power of these two datasets, revealing that MTBS burn intensity class can be described quantitatively in terms of dead biomass. Assuming a background range of dead biomass up to 100 Mg ha(-1), it is possible to estimate and map the contribution to the standing dead tree biomass pool associated with recent wildfire. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, Warren B.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kim, Yunsuk; Yang, Zhiqiang; Pflugmacher, Dirk] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lauver, Chris L.] No Arizona Univ, So Colorado Plateau Network, Natl Pk Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Vankat, John L.] Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Cohen, WB (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM warren.cohen@oregonstate.edu FU Ecosystem Processes Program of the Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This research was funded by the Ecosystem Processes Program of the Pacific Northwest Research Station within the USDA Forest Service and the Southern Colorado Plateau Network of the National Park Service's Inventory & Monitoring Program. We greatly thank the lidar team of Watershed Sciences, our lidar data provider, for their aftersales service, RobertJ. McCaughey and Stephen E. Reutebuch for their assistance with the Fusion software, Professor Manuela Huso for her advice on our statistical inquiries, and Professor Mark Harmon for his advice on calculation of dead tree biomass. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. NR 57 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2499 EP 2510 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.010 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506DW UT WOS:000270754800020 ER PT J AU Urbanski, SP Salmon, JM Nordgren, BL Hao, WM AF Urbanski, S. P. Salmon, J. M. Nordgren, B. L. Hao, W. M. TI A MODIS direct broadcast algorithm for mapping wildfire burned area in the western United States SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire; Burned area; Fire detection; MODIS ID ACTIVE FIRE PRODUCT; NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-QUALITY; LANDSAT TM; SEVERITY; FOREST; VEGETATION; EMISSIONS; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION AB Improved wildland fire emission inventory methods are needed to support air quality forecasting and guide the development of air shed management strategies. Air quality forecasting requires dynamic fire emission estimates that are generated in a timely manner to support real-time operations. In the regulatory and planning realm, emission inventories are essential for quantitatively assessing the contribution of wildfire to air pollution. The development of wildland fire emission inventories depends on burned area as a critical input. This study presents a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) - direct broadcast (DB) burned area mapping algorithm designed to support air quality forecasting and emission inventory development. The algorithm combines active fire locations and single satellite scene burn scar detections to provide a rapid yet robust mapping of burned area. Using the U.S. Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory (FiSL) MODIS-DB receiving station in Missoula, Montana, the algorithm provided daily measurements of burned area for wildfire events in the western U.S. in 2006 and 2007. We evaluated the algorithm's fire detection rate and burned area mapping using fire perimeter data and burn scar information derived from high resolution satellite imagery. The FiSL MODIS-DB system detected 87% of all reference fires >4 km(2), and 93% of all reference fires >10 km(2). The burned area was highly correlated (R-2 = 0.93) with a high resolution imagery reference burn scar dataset, but exhibited a large over estimation of burned area (56%). The reference burn scar dataset was used to calibrate the algorithm response and quantify the uncertainty in the burned area measurement at the fire incident level. An objective, empirical error based approach was employed to quantify the uncertainty of our burned area measurement and provide a metric that is meaningful in context of remotely sensed burned area and emission inventories. The algorithm uncertainty is +/-36% for fires 50 km(2) in size, improving to +/-31% at a fire size of 100 km(2). Fires in this size range account for a substantial portion of burned area in the western U.S. (77% of burned area is due to fires >50 km(2), and 66% results from fires >100 km(2)). The dominance of these large wildfires in burned area. duration, and emissions makes these events a significant concern of air quality forecasters and regulators. With daily coverage at 1-km(2) spatial resolution, and a quantified measurement uncertainty, the burned area mapping algorithm presented in this paper is well suited for the development of wildfire emission inventories. Furthermore, the algorithm's DB implementation enables time sensitive burned area mapping to support operational air quality forecasting. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Urbanski, S. P.; Salmon, J. M.; Nordgren, B. L.; Hao, W. M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Urbanski, SP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. EM surbanski@fs.fed.us NR 60 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD NOV 16 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 11 BP 2511 EP 2526 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.007 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 506DW UT WOS:000270754800021 ER PT J AU Cope, K Seifried, H Seifried, R Milner, J Kris-Etherton, P Harrison, EH AF Cope, Keary Seifried, Harold Seifried, Rebecca Milner, John Kris-Etherton, Penny Harrison, Earl H. TI A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of N-nitrosoproline and N-acetyl-S-allylcysteine in human urine: Application to a study of the effects of garlic consumption on nitrosation SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biomarkers; Allyl sulfur compounds; Nitrosation; Nutrition; Cancer ID ALLYL-L-CYSTEINE; DRINKING-WATER; ASCORBIC-ACID; ENDOGENOUS NITROSATION; EXCRETION; NITRATE; MECHANISMS; NITRITE; CANCER; NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE AB Biomarkers in urine can provide useful information about the bioactivation of chemical carcinogens and can be used to investigate the chemoprotective properties of dietary nutrients. N-Nitrosoproline (NPRO) excretion has been used as an index for endogenous nitrosation. In vitro and animal studies have reported that compounds in garlic may suppress nitrosation and inhibit carcinogenesis. We present a new method for extraction and sensitive detection of both NPRO and N-acetyl-S-allylcysteine from urine. The latter is a metabolite of S-allylcysteine, which is found in garlic. Urine was acidified and the organic acids were extracted by reversed-phase extraction (RP-SPE) and use of a polymeric weak anion exchange (WAX-SPE) resin. NPRO was quantified by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using [(13)C(5)]NPRO and N-nitrosopipecolinic acid (NPIC) as internal standards. This method was used to analyze urine samples from a study that was designed to test whether garlic supplementation inhibits NPRO synthesis. Using this method, 2.4 to 46.0 ng NPRO/ml urine was detected. The method is straightforward and reliable, and it can be performed with readily available GC-MS instruments. N-Acetyl-S-allylcysteine was quantified in the same fraction and detectable at levels of 4.1 to 176.4 ng/ml urine. The results suggest that 3 to 5 g of garlic supplements inhibited NPRO synthesis to an extent similar to a 0.5-g dose of ascorbic acid or a commercial supplement of aged garlic extract. Urinary NPRO concentration was inversely associated with the N-acetyl-S-allylcysteine concentration. It is possible that allyl sulfur compounds found in garlic may inhibit nitrosation in humans. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Harrison, Earl H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cope, Keary; Seifried, Rebecca; Harrison, Earl H.] USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Seifried, Harold; Milner, John] NCI, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. [Seifried, Rebecca; Milner, John; Kris-Etherton, Penny] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Harrison, EH (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM harrison.304@osu.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL049879, R01 HL049879-08]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK044498, R01 DK044498-09] NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 394 IS 2 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.035 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 534GI UT WOS:000272884000014 PM 19643074 ER PT J AU Natarajan, SS Krishnan, HB Lakshman, S Garrett, WM AF Natarajan, Savithiry S. Krishnan, Hari B. Lakshman, Sukla Garrett, Wesley M. TI An efficient extraction method to enhance analysis of low abundant proteins from soybean seed SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Isopropanol; Proteomics; Soybean seeds; Glycine max; MALDI-TOF-MS; LC-MS; 2D-PAGE ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RECALCITRANT PLANT-TISSUES; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; STORAGE PROTEINS; GENE FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; LINES; SOLUBILIZATION; EXPRESSION; INHIBITOR AB Large amounts of the major storage proteins, beta-conglycinin and glycinin, in soybean (Glycine max) seeds hinder the isolation and characterization of less abundant seed proteins. We investigated whether isopropanol extraction could facilitate resolution of the low abundant proteins, different from the main storage protein fractions, in one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE) and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). 1D-PAGE of proteins extracted by different concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80%) of isopropanol showed that greater than 30% isopropanol was suitable for preferential enrichment of low abundant proteins. Analysis of 2D-PAGE showed that proteins which were less abundant or absent by the conventional extraction procedure were clearly seen in the 40% isopropanol extracts. Increasing isopropanol concentration above 40% resulted in a decrease in the number of less abundant protein spots. We have identified a total of 107 protein spots using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Our results suggest that extraction of soybean seed powder with 40% isopropanol enriches lower abundance proteins and is a suitable method for 2D-PAGE separation and identification. This methodology could potentially allow the extraction and characterization of low abundant proteins of other legume seeds containing highly abundant storage proteins. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Natarajan, Savithiry S.; Lakshman, Sukla] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Krishnan, Hari B.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Garrett, Wesley M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Natarajan, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, PSI, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM savi.natarajan@ars.usda.gov FU ARS [1275-21000-223-00D] FX The authors thank Dr. Slovin and Dr. Lakshman for their critical review of this manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by ARS project 1275-21000-223-00D. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U. S. Department of Agriculture or imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 394 IS 2 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.048 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 534GI UT WOS:000272884000016 PM 19651100 ER PT J AU Youens-Clark, K Faga, B Yap, IV Stein, L Ware, D AF Youens-Clark, Ken Faga, Ben Yap, Immanuel V. Stein, Lincoln Ware, Doreen TI CMap 1.01: a comparative mapping application for the Internet SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE MAP; VIEWER AB CMap is a web-based tool for displaying and comparing maps of any type and from any species. A user can compare an unlimited number of maps, view pair-wise comparisons of known correspondences, and search for maps or for features by name, species, type and accession. CMap is freely available, can run on a variety of database engines and uses only free and open software components. C1 [Youens-Clark, Ken; Faga, Ben; Stein, Lincoln; Ware, Doreen] Cold Spring Harbor Labs, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Yap, Immanuel V.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, NAA Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Youens-Clark, K (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Labs, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM kclark@cshl.edu FU United State Department of Agriculture ( USDA) Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems ( IFAFS) [0052100-9622]; Cooperative State Research and Education Service ( CSREES) agreement through the USDA Agricultural Research Service ( ARS) [58-1907-0-041]; National Science Foundation ( NSF) PGI [0321685]; NSF Plant Genome Research Resource [0703908]; USDA ARS [413089] FX United State Department of Agriculture ( USDA) Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems ( IFAFS) ( grant number 0052100-9622); Cooperative State Research and Education Service ( CSREES) agreement through the USDA Agricultural Research Service ( ARS) ( grant number 58-1907-0-041); National Science Foundation ( NSF) PGI ( grant number 0321685, for the years 2004-2007); NSF Plant Genome Research Resource ( grant number 0703908, work from 2004 till now); USDA ARS ( grant number 413089). NR 6 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 22 BP 3040 EP 3042 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp458 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 516SY UT WOS:000271564300025 PM 19648141 ER PT J AU Buda, AR DeWalle, DR AF Buda, Anthony R. DeWalle, David R. TI Dynamics of stream nitrate sources and flow pathways during stormflows on urban, forest and agricultural watersheds in central Pennsylvania, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE nitrate sources; hydrologic flow paths; karst hydrology; stable isotopes; land-use; water quality ID ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; STABLE-ISOTOPES; RIVER-BASIN; FRESH-WATER; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION; CANOPY INTERACTIONS; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; UNITED-STATES; LAND USES AB Understanding the influence of storm events on nitrate (NO3-) dynamics is important for efficiently managing NO3- pollution. In this study, five sites representing a downstream progression of forested uplands underlain by resistant sandstone to karst lowlands with agricultural, urban and mixed land-use were established in Spring Creek, a 201 km(2) mixed land-use watershed in central Pennsylvania. USA. At each site, stream water was monitored during six storm events in 2005 to assess changes in stable isotopes of NO3- (delta N-15-NO3- and delta O-18-NO3-) and water (delta O-18-H2O) from baseflow to peakflow. Peakflow fractions of event NO3- and event water were then computed using two-component mixing models to elucidate NO3- flow pathway differences among the five sites. For the forested upland site, storm size appeared to affect NO3- sources and flow pathways. During small storms (<35 mm, rainfall), greater event NO3- fractions than event water fractions indicated the prevalence of atmospheric NO3- source contributions at peakflow. During larger storms (>35 mm rainfall), event NO3- fractions were less than event water fractions at peakflow suggesting that NO3- was flushed from stored sources via shallow subsurface flow pathways. For the urbanized site, wash-off of atmospheric NO3- was an important NO3- source at peakflow, especially during short-duration storms where event water contributions indicated the prevalence of overland flow. In the karst lowlands, very low fractions of event water and even lower fractions of event NO3- at peakflow suggested the dominance of ground water flow pathways during storms. These ground water flow pathways likely flushed stored NO3- sources into the stream, while deep soils in the karst lowlands also may have promoted NO3- assimilation. The results of this study illustrated how NO3- isotopes and delta O-18-H2O could be combined to show key differences in water and NO3- delivery between forested uplands, karst valleys and fully urbanized watersheds. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Buda, Anthony R.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [DeWalle, David R.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Buda, AR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Anthony.Buda@ars.usda.gov RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013 FU United States Geological Survey (USGS) Pennsylvania Water Resources Research Center Grant Program [2005PA40B]; School of Forest Resources and the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment (PSIEE) FX We wish to thank the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Pennsylvania Water Resources Research Center Grant Program (Grant 2005PA40B), the School of Forest Resources and the Penn State Institutes of Energy and the Environment (PSIEE) for providing necessary funds to support this research. We also thank the Clear-Water Conservancy for providing access to monitoring sites and long-term chemistry and streamflow data and the University Area Joint Authority (UAJA) for providing access to the sewage effluent discharge into Spring Creek. Finally, we wish to thank Bryan Swistock, Chad Voorhees, Shawn Rummel, Nesha Mirel, Leonard McNeal, Jennifer Sidleck, Stephanie Clemens, Scott Atkinson and Susan Buda for help with precipitation and stream sampling during the course of this project. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 23 IS 23 BP 3292 EP 3305 DI 10.1002/hyp.7423 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 515FI UT WOS:000271452600003 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF Fulton, RW AF Ridpath, Julia F. Fulton, Robert W. TI Knowledge gaps impacting the development of bovine viral diarrhea virus control programs in the United States SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Review ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MOUSEDEER TRAGULUS-JAVANICUS; PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CALVES; NEW-WORLD CAMELIDS; MUCOSAL DISEASE; DAIRY HERDS; ATYPICAL PESTIVIRUS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; BVDV INFECTIONS C1 [Ridpath, Julia F.] ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Fulton, Robert W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov FU South Dakota State University; Cattle Stats; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries; Alpaca Research Foundation; IDEXX Laboratories; Pfizer Animal Health; National Animal Diseases Center; Elanco Animal Health FX Dr. Ridpath presently receives support from South Dakota State University, Cattle Stats, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Alpaca Research Foundation, and IDEXX Laboratories. Dr. Fulton presently receives support from Pfizer Animal Health, National Animal Diseases Center, IDEXX Laboratories, Elanco Animal Health, and Pfizer Animal Health. NR 110 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 235 IS 10 BP 1171 EP 1179 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518UU UT WOS:000271721100025 PM 19912037 ER PT J AU Aouada, FA Pan, ZL Orts, WJ Mattoso, LHC AF Aouada, Fauze A. Pan, Zhongli Orts, William J. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. TI Removal of Paraquat Pesticide from Aqueous Solutions Using a Novel Adsorbent Material Based on Polyacrylamide and Methylcellulose Hydrogels SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrogels; poly(acrylamide); biodegradable; paraquat pesticide; adsorption ID ADSORPTION-KINETICS; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; SWELLING BEHAVIOR; PH-SENSITIVITY; METHACRYLATE; AGRICULTURE; EQUILIBRIUM; ISOTHERMS; ACID); WATER AB This research studied the characteristics of poly(acrylamide) and methylcellulose (PAAm-MC) hydrogels as a novel adsorbent material for removal of pesticide paraquat, from aqueous solution, with potential applications in curbing environmental risk from such herbicides. PAAm-MC hydrogels with different acrylamide (AAm) and MC concentrations were prepared by a free-radical polymerization method. The capability of the hydrogels in removing paraquat dichloride from aqueous solution was determined using UV-Vis analysis. The scanning electron microscopy method was used to study the morphological properties of the hydrogels, and swelling degree (Q) of the hydrogels was also measured. The entrapped MC in PAAm chains provoked significant changes in morphological, hydrophilic, and adsorption properties of the PAAm-MC hydrogels. The adsorption capacity of hydrogels was strongly influenced by AAm, MC, and paraquat concentrations with the highest adsorption capacity (q(eq) = 14.3 mg g(-1)) was observed for hydrogels synthesized with 6.0%, AAm with 0.75%, MC swollen in 45.7 mg L(-1) of paraquat Solution. Freundlich model performed better than Langmuir model in describing the adsorption isotherm of PAAm-MC/paraquat system, implying a heterogeneous surface. These results suggest that PAAm-MC hydrogels are potentially viable absorbents for removal of paraquat pesticide from aqueous solution and cleaning water contaminated with dyes, heavy metals, and others pesticides. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. journal of Appl Polym Sci 114:2139-2148, 2009 C1 [Aouada, Fauze A.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Agr Instrumentat, Natl Nanotechnol Lab Agr, BR-13560905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Aouada, Fauze A.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Chem, BR-13560905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS, Processed Foods Res Unit, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Orts, William J.] USDA ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mattoso, LHC (reprint author), Embrapa Agr Instrumentat, Natl Nanotechnol Lab Agr, BR-13560905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM mattoso@cnpdia.embrapa.br RI Aouada, Fauze/C-3989-2012; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) [141695/2006-5, 202430/2006-5]; National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA) - Embrapa Agricultural Instrumentation; Embrapa-Brazil (Labex Program and MP1 Project); FINEP/LNAA; CAPES-Brazil FX Contract grant sponsors: National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA) - Embrapa Agricultural Instrumentation, Embrapa-Brazil (Labex Program and MP1 Project), FINEP/LNAA and CAPES-Brazil. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 21 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 4 BP 2139 EP 2148 DI 10.1002/app.30339 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 497MQ UT WOS:000270064100022 ER PT J AU Shak, JR Dick, JJ Meinersmann, RJ Perez-Perez, GI Blaser, MJ AF Shak, Joshua R. Dick, Jonathan J. Meinersmann, Richard J. Perez-Perez, Guillermo I. Blaser, Martin J. TI Repeat-Associated Plasticity in the Helicobacter pylori RD Gene Family SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; IV SECRETION SYSTEM; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; BACTERIAL GENOMES; LONG REPEATS; COILED COILS; DIVERSITY; INFECTION; HOST AB The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is remarkable for its ability to persist in the human stomach for decades without provoking sterilizing immunity. Since repetitive DNA can facilitate adaptive genomic flexibility via increased recombination, insertion, and deletion, we searched the genomes of two H. pylori strains for nucleotide repeats. We discovered a family of genes with extensive repetitive DNA that we have termed the H. pylori RD gene family. Each gene of this family is composed of a conserved 3' region, a variable mid-region encoding 7 and 11 amino acid repeats, and a 5' region containing one of two possible alleles. Analysis of five complete genome sequences and PCR genotyping of 42 H. pylori strains revealed extensive variation between strains in the number, location, and arrangement of RD genes. Furthermore, examination of multiple strains isolated from a single subject's stomach revealed intrahost variation in repeat number and composition. Despite prior evidence that the protein products of this gene family are expressed at the bacterial cell surface, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot studies revealed no consistent seroreactivity to a recombinant RD protein by H. pylori-positive hosts. The pattern of repeats uncovered in the RD gene family appears to reflect slipped-strand mispairing or domain duplication, allowing for redundancy and subsequent diversity in genotype and phenotype. This novel family of hypervariable genes with conserved, repetitive, and allelic domains may represent an important locus for understanding H. pylori persistence in its natural host. C1 [Shak, Joshua R.; Dick, Jonathan J.; Perez-Perez, Guillermo I.; Blaser, Martin J.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Shak, Joshua R.; Dick, Jonathan J.; Perez-Perez, Guillermo I.; Blaser, Martin J.] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Shak, Joshua R.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dick, Jonathan J.] Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. [Meinersmann, Richard J.] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Blaser, MJ (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, 550 1st Ave,OBV A-606, New York, NY 10016 USA. EM Martin.Blaser@med.nyu.edu OI Perez Perez, Guillermo /0000-0002-0131-5798 FU Diane Belfer Program in Human Microbial Ecology [R01 GM63270] FX This research was supported in part by R01 GM63270 and by the Diane Belfer Program in Human Microbial Ecology. NR 78 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 22 BP 6900 EP 6910 DI 10.1128/JB.00706-09 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 511UO UT WOS:000271195300015 PM 19749042 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Diliberto, JJ Birnbaum, LS AF Hakk, Heldur Diliberto, Janet J. Birnbaum, Linda S. TI The effect of dose on 2,3,7,8-TCDD tissue distribution, metabolism and elimination in CYP1A2 (-/-) knockout and C57BL/6N parental strains of mice SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD; CYP1A2; Knockout mice; Metabolism; Mouse major urinary protein ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; METHYLSULFONYL METABOLITE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; HEPATIC SEQUESTRATION; RAT; BINDING; EXCRETION; PROTEINS AB Numerous metabolism studies have demonstrated that the toxic contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is poorly metabolized. A hallmark feature of TCDD exposure is induction of hepatic CYP1A2 and subsequent sequestration leading to high liver-to-fat concentration ratios. This study was initiated to determine whether TCDD was inherently poorly metabolized or unavailable for metabolism because of sequestration to CYP1A2. [H-3]TCDD was administered as a single, oral dose (0.1 and 10 mu g/kg) to 12 male C57BL/6N mice or 12 CYP1A2 (-/-) mice. At 96 h, less than 5% of the dose was eliminated in the urine of all groups, and TCDD detected in urine was bound to mouse major urinary protein (mMUP). Feces were the major elimination pathway (24-31% of dose), and fecal extracts and non-extractables were quantitated by HPLC for metabolites. No great differences in urinary or fecal elimination (% dose) were observed between the high and low dose treatments. TCDD concentrations were the highest in adipose tissue for CYP1A2 knockout mice but in liver for C57BL/6N mice supporting the role of hepatic CYP1A2 in the sequestration of TCDD. Overall metabolism between parental and knockout strains showed no statistical differences at either the high or low doses. The data suggested that metabolism of TCDD is inherently slow, due principally to CYP1A7, and that hepatic CYP1A2 is not an active participant in the metabolism of TCDD in male mice. Rather, CYP1A2 governs the pharmacokinetics of TCDD by making it unavailable for hepatic CYP1A1 through sequestration and attenuating extrahepatic tissue disposition. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hakk, Heldur] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Diliberto, Janet J.] US EPA ORD, Natl Hlth Effects & Environm Res Lab, Expt Toxicol Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Birnbaum, Linda S.] NIEHS, Natl Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND USA. EM heldur.hakk@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X EI 1096-0333 J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD NOV 15 PY 2009 VL 241 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.08.009 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 514QH UT WOS:000271409400011 PM 19695277 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Panangala, VS van Santen, VL Dybvig, K Abernathy, JW Klesius, PH Liu, ZJ Russo, R AF Xu, De-Hai Panangala, Victor S. van Santen, Vicky L. Dybvig, Kevin Abernathy, Jason W. Klesius, Phillip H. Liu, Zhanjiang Russo, Riccardo TI Molecular characteristics of an immobilization antigen gene of the fish-parasitic protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis strain ARS-6 SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE immobilization antigen; gene; nucleotide sequence; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis ID I-ANTIGENS; CHANNEL CATFISH; TETRAHYMENA-THERMOPHILA; PARAMECIUM-TETRAURELIA; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; EXPRESSION; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODIES; SEROTYPES; RESPONSES AB Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), a ciliated protozoan parasite of fish, expresses surface antigens (i-antigens), which react with host antibodies that render them immobile. The nucleotide sequence of an i-antigen gene of I. multifiliis strain ARS-6 was deduced. The predicted protein of 47 493 Da is comprised of 460 amino acids (aa's) arranged into five imperfect repeats with periodic cysteine residues with the structure: CX(19)20CX2CX16-27CX2CX20(21)CX3. The N-terminal aa's typify a signal peptide motif while a stretch of C-terminal aa's resemble a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchor addition site. The degree of deduced i-antigen aa sequence identity of strain ARS-6 (GenBank accession # ACH87654 and # ACH95659) with other I. multifiliis i-antigen sequences present in GenBank ranges from 99% to 36% identity with 52 kDa i-antigens of I. multifiliis strain G5 (accession #s AAK94941 and AAK01661 respectively). Immunoblot analysis of i-antigens following exposure of I. multifiliis theronts to catfish anti-I. multifiliis immune serum did not show any appreciable alteration in i-antigen expression. The mechanism that regulates i-antigen expression in I. multifiliis remains a puzzling question. C1 [Xu, De-Hai; Panangala, Victor S.; Klesius, Phillip H.; Russo, Riccardo] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [van Santen, Vicky L.] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Dybvig, Kevin] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Genet, Birmingham, AL USA. [Abernathy, Jason W.; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquaculture, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dehai.xu@ars.usda.gov OI Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239; van Santen, Vicky/0000-0002-0029-0517 FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems [6420-32000-012-00D] FX We thank Dr Harry Dickerson at the Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, University of Georgia, GA to kindly provide murine monoclonal antibody (MAb G3-61) and Mrs Elizabeth Peterman for her technical assistance. This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Current Research Information Systems project # 6420-32000-012-00D. Note: Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1355-557X EI 1365-2109 J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD NOV 13 PY 2009 VL 40 IS 16 BP 1884 EP 1892 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02301.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 517OT UT WOS:000271626200010 ER PT J AU Li, RW Li, CJ Elsasser, TH Liu, G Garrett, WM Gasbarre, LC AF Li, Robert W. Li, Congjun Elsasser, Theodore H. Liu, George Garrett, Wesley M. Gasbarre, Louis C. TI Mucin biosynthesis in the bovine goblet cell induced by Cooperia oncophora infection SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Laser capture microdissection (LCM); Goblet cells; Mucin; Cooperia oncophora; Cattle; Nematode; Gastrointestinal tract (GI) ID NEMATODE NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; RETINOID-X-RECEPTOR; GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE-EXPRESSION; GASTRIC MUCIN; C2GNT-M GENE; TNF-ALPHA; IMMUNE AB Mucin hypersecretion is considered to be one of the most common components of the immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection. However, investigations have not been conducted in the Cattle-Cooperia oncophora system to verify the findings largely derived from murine models. In this study, we examined the expression of seven mucins and seven enzymes in the mucin biosynthesis pathway involved in O-linked glycosylation in the bovine small intestine including goblet cells enriched using laser capture microdissection during a primary C oncophora infection. At the mRNA level, MUC2 expression was significantly higher in both lamina propria and goblet cells at 28 days post-infection compared to the naive control. MUC5B expression at the mRNA level was also higher in lamina propria at 28 dpi. Expression of MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6 was extremely low or not detectable in goblet cells, columnar epithelial cells. and lamina propria from both naive control and infected animals. Among the seven enzymes involved in post-translational O-linked glycosylation of mucins, GCNT3, which may represent one of the key rate-limiting steps in mucin biosynthesis. was Lip-regulated in goblet cells, columnar epithelial cells, lamina propria, and gross small intestine tissue during the course of infection. Western blot analysis revealed that MUC2 glycoprotein was strongly induced by infection in both gross small intestine tissue and its mucosal layer In contrast, the higher MUM protein expression was observed only in the mucosal layer. Immunohistochemistry provided further evidence of the mucin glycoprotein production and localization. Our results provided insight into regulation of mucin biosynthesis in various cell types in the bovine small intestine during gastrointestinal nematode infection and will facilitate our understanding of mucins and their role in immune response against parasitic nematodes. Published by Elsevier B V. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Li, Congjun; Elsasser, Theodore H.; Liu, George; Gasbarre, Louis C.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, BARC E Bldg 200,Room 16, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 12 PY 2009 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.008 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 516LJ UT WOS:000271543400011 PM 19647371 ER PT J AU Landau, SY Provenza, FD Gardner, DR Pfister, JA Knoppel, EL Peterson, C Kababya, D Needham, GR Villalba, JJ AF Landau, S. Y. Provenza, F. D. Gardner, D. R. Pfister, J. A. Knoppel, E. L. Peterson, C. Kababya, D. Needham, G. R. Villalba, J. J. TI Neem-tree (Azadirachta indica Juss.) extract as a feed additive against the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) in sheep (Ovis aries) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Azadirachtin; Organic agriculture; Tick control; Ovine ID SEED EXTRACT; IXODIDAE; CATTLE; EFFICACY; ACARI; DEGRADATION; LIMONOIDS; HUMANS; BOLUS; RATS AB Acaricides can be conveyed to ticks via the blood of their hosts. As fruit and kernel extracts from the Meliaceae family, and. in particular the tetranortriterpenoid azadirachtin (AZA) Inhibits tick egg production and embryogenesis in the Ixodidae ticks, we investigated the effects of Neem Azal (R), an extract containing 43% AZA, given as a feed additive to lambs artificially infested with engorging adult Dermacentor vairiabilis ticks. After tick attachment, the lambs were allotted to three dietary treatments: AZA0 (control, n = 10). AZA0.3 (n = 5), and AZA0 6(n = 5), with feed containing 0%, 0.3%, and 0 6% AZA on EM basis, respectively. In half of the AZA0 lambs, ticks were sprayed on day 4 after attachment with an etlianol.water:soap emulsion containing 0.6% AZA (AZA0S) In spite of its very pungent odor, the neem extract was well accepted by all but one lamb No differences were found between treatment groups in liver enzymes in blood, and there was no indication of toxicity. The plasma AZA concentrations after 7 and 14 days of feeding AZA were (4 81 and 4 35 mu g/mL) for the AZA0 6 and (3.32 and 188 mu g/mL) for the AZA0.3 treatments. respectively (P < 0.0001). Treatments were not lethal to ticks, but tick weights at detachment were 0.64. 0.56, 0.48, and 0 37 g for ticks from the AZA0, AZA0.3, AZA0S. and AZA0.6 treatments (P < 0.04), respectively. suggesting that blood AZA impaired blood-feeding The highest mortality rate after detachment was for AZA0.6 (P < 0.09) As AZA affects embryo development and ticks at the molting stages, we expect that following treatments of hosts for longer periods, one-host ticks will be more affected than the three-host tick D vanabilis. (c) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Landau, S. Y.] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Nat Resources & Agron, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Provenza, F. D.; Villalba, J. J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gardner, D. R.; Pfister, J. A.; Knoppel, E. L.; Peterson, C.] ARS, USDA, Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Kababya, D.] Minist Agr, Extens Serv, Sheep & Goats Div, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Needham, G. R.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Landau, SY (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Nat Resources & Agron, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RI Villalba, Juan/A-5836-2010 OI Villalba, Juan/0000-0001-8868-8468 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 12 PY 2009 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.047 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 516LJ UT WOS:000271543400014 PM 19716235 ER PT J AU Millan, J Cabezon, O Pabon, M Dubey, JP Almeria, S AF Millan, Javier Cabezon, Oscar Pabon, Marcela Dubey, J. P. Almeria, Sonia TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in feral cats (Felis silvestris catus) in Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feral cats (Felis silvestris catus); Toxoplasma gondii; Neospora caninum; Mediterranean Sea; Spain ID DOMESTIC CATS; TISSUE CYSTS; STRAY CATS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; RESPONSES; BRAZIL AB Felids are important in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete environmentally resistant oocysts Antibodies to T gondii and Neospora caninum were determined in serum samples from 59 feral cats (Fells silvestris catus) captured in baited traps during authorized predator control campaigns in Majorca, Balearic Islands. Spain Antibodies to T gondii assayed by the mollified agglutination test (MAT) were found in 50 (84.7%) of 59 cats with MAT titers of 1:25 in one cat, 1:200 in four cats. 1:500 in seven cats, 1:1000 in nine cats, and >= 1.2000 in 29 cats. Seroprevalence (MAT, 1.25 or more) was significantly higher in adults (94.6%) than in juveniles (< 6 months old, 40 0%). Seroprevalence to N caninum, assayed by cELISA (VMRD) and confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, was low (6 8%. 4 of 59). The prevalence of T gondii observed in wild cats in Majorca is one of the highest reported worldwide in this species and the highest observed in Europe to date. The results suggest that feral cats in Majorca have a high rate of T. gondii infection with important implications for public health on the island since the seropositive cats are likely to have already shed T. gondii oocysts in the environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Dubey, J. P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Millan, Javier] Conselleria Medi Ambient, Sanit & Control Fauna Wildlife Hlth & Control, Santa Eugema 07142, Balearic Isl, Spain. [Cabezon, Oscar] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Med & Cirurgia Anim, SEFaS, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Pabon, Marcela; Almeria, Sonia] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Sanit & Anat Anim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Almeria, Sonia] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IRTA, CReSA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Millan, Javier/B-5399-2008; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Millan, Javier/0000-0001-5608-781X; Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 FU Conselleria de Medi Ambient, Govern de les Illes Balears [5893/2008]; Fundacio Sa Nostra FX We wish to thank Toni Mas, Tomas Paris and Javier Alvarez from Fundacio Natura Parc, and Dr. Tomeu Segui from Conselleria de Medi Ambient (Govern de les Illes Balears). This work was partially funded by Conselleria de Medi Ambient, Govern de les Illes Balears (contract no. 5893/2008) and by Fundacio Sa Nostra. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 12 PY 2009 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.014 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 516LJ UT WOS:000271543400016 PM 19665309 ER PT J AU Yan, C Yue, CL Yuan, ZG He, Y Yin, CC Lin, RQ Dubey, JP Zhu, XQ AF Yan, C. Yue, C. L. Yuan, Z. G. He, Y. Yin, C. C. Lin, R. Q. Dubey, J. P. Zhu, X. Q. TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic ducks, free-range and caged chickens in southern China SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; Modified agglutination test (MAT); Southern China; Guangdong Province; Prevalence; Chickens; Gallus domesticus; Ducks; Anas spp. ID RESPONSES; OOCYSTS AB Toxoplasma gondii is widely distributed in humans and other animals including domestic poultry throughout the world. but little is known of the prevalence of T gondii in chickens and ducks in People's Republic of China. In the present Study, antibodies to T gondii were investigated in 349 domestic ducks (Anus spp.), 361 free-range, and 244 caged chickens (Gallus domesticus) raised in commercial flocks in Southern China's Guangdong Province using the modified agglutination test (MAT) Antibodies to T gondii (MAT titer of 1 5 or higher) were found in 56 (16%) of 349 ducks, 41 (11.4%) of 361 free-range, and 10 (4.1%) of 244 caged chickens. The results indicate soil contamination clue to T gondii oocysts because free-range chickens feed from the ground, and suggest Oat the meat from the domestic poultry may be an important source for human infection by T gondii in People's Republic of China (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Yan, C.; Yue, C. L.; Yuan, Z. G.; He, Y.; Yin, C. C.; Lin, R. Q.; Zhu, X. Q.] S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhu, XQ (reprint author), S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Parasitol, 483 Wushan St, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. FU National Special Research Program for Non-Profit Trades (Agriculture) [200803017]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0723]; Key Research Programs in Natural Sciences for Institutions of Higher Education in Guangdong Province [06Z004] FX Project support was provided in part by grants from the National Special Research Program for Non-Profit Trades (Agriculture) (Grant No. 200803017), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No IRT0723), and the Key Research Programs in Natural Sciences for Institutions of Higher Education in Guangdong Province (Grant No. 06Z004) to XQZ. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD NOV 12 PY 2009 VL 165 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 340 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.015 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 516LJ UT WOS:000271543400019 PM 19647942 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Oliver, CE Shelver, WL Caesar, T Anderson, RC AF Smith, David J. Oliver, Christy E. Shelver, Weilin L. Caesar, TheCan Anderson, Robin C. TI Chlorate Metabolism in Pure Cultures of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Pretreated with either Nitrate or Chlorate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chlorate; nitrate; chlorite; E. coli; food safety ID TOTAL RADIOACTIVE RESIDUES; SODIUM CL-36 CHLORATE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; O157-H7 POPULATIONS; BEEF-CATTLE; CHLORITE DISMUTASE; PARENT CHLORATE; DRINKING-WATER; IN-VITRO; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Previous research has suggested that nitrate-respiring pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. are susceptible to chlorate salts due to the conversion of chlorate to chlorite by respiratory nitrate reductase. This study was conducted to determine the effect of chlorate on E. coli O157:H7 growth and chlorate biotransformation and to determine whether chlorite is produced in anaerobic culture of E coli O157:H7. Final concentrations of E coli O157:H7 were generally decreased by about 2 log units in incubations containing <= 5 mM chlorate, except when bacteria were pretreated with 10 mM chlorate. [(36)Cl]Chlorate metabolism by pure cultures of E. coli O157:H7 was not measurable above chlorate concentrations of 5 mM, but measurable chlorate reduction occurred in cultures containing 0.5, 1, or 5 mM [(36)Cl]chlorate. Pretreatment of E coli O157:H7 with 5 mM nitrate did not increase the rate of chlorate conversion to chloride, suggesting that nitrate did not induce nitrate reductase isoforms capable of metabolizing chlorate in E coli O157:H7. Pure cultures of E coli O157:H7 preconditioned with 10 mM chlorate had an attenuated ability to transform [(36)Cl]chlorate to [(36)Cl]chloride with measurable chlorate reduction only occurring in 0.5 mM chlorate treatments. The hypothesis that E. coli O157:H7 is sensitive to chlorate by virtue of the reduction of chlorate to chlorite ion (CIO(2)(-)) was supported, but not proven, by the direct measurement of low concentrations of [(36)Cl]CIO(2)(-) in incubation media containing 0.5 mM [(36)Cl]CIO(3)(-). Collectively these results indicate that growth of E. coli O157:H7 in pure culture will be reduced in the presence of 5 mM or greater concentrations of sodium chlorate and that E. coli O157:H7 is capable of producing chlorite ions during the metabolism of chlorate. C1 [Smith, David J.; Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Oliver, Christy E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Caesar, TheCan] ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Agr Syst Res Unit, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Anderson, Robin C.] ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.j.smith@ars.usda.gov FU Beef Checkoff FX This project was funded in part by the Beef Checkoff. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD NOV 11 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 21 BP 10216 EP 10224 DI 10.1021/jf901513f PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 512ZI UT WOS:000271290800051 PM 19824635 ER PT J AU Keegan, J Whelan, M Danaher, M Crooks, S Sayers, R Anastasio, A Elliott, C Brandon, D Furey, A O'Kennedy, R AF Keegan, Jemma Whelan, Michelle Danaher, Martin Crooks, Steven Sayers, Regina Anastasio, Aniello Elliott, Christopher Brandon, David Furey, Ambrose O'Kennedy, Richard TI Benzimidazole carbamate residues in milk: Detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance-biosensor, using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method for extraction SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE SPR-biosensors; Benzimidazole carbamates; Bovine milk; QuEChERS ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; BOVINE-MILK; IMMUNOBIOSENSOR; THIABENDAZOLE; ANTHELMINTICS; FENBENDAZOLE; LIVER; IMMUNOASSAY AB A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor screening assay was developed and validated to detect 11 benzimidazole carbamate (BZT) veterinary drug residues in milk. The polyclonal antibody used was raised in sheep against a methyl 5(6)-[(carboxypentyl)-thio]-2-benzimidazole carbamate protein conjugate. A sample preparation procedure was developed using a modified QuEChERS method. BZT residues were extracted from milk using liquid extraction/partition with a dispersive solid phase extraction clean-up step. The assay was validated in accordance with the performance criteria described in 2002/657/EC. The limit of detection of the assay was calculated from the analysis of 20 known negative milk samples to be 2.7 mu g kg(-1). The detection capability (CC beta) of the assay was determined to be 5 mu g kg(-1) for 11 benzimidazole residues and the mean recovery of analytes was in the range 81-116%. A comparison was made between the SPR-biosensor and UPLC-MS/MS analyses of milk samples (n = 26) taken from cows treated different benzimidazole products, demonstrating the SPR-biosensor assay to be fit for purpose. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Keegan, Jemma; Whelan, Michelle; Danaher, Martin] TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Res Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. [Keegan, Jemma; O'Kennedy, Richard] Dublin City Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Keegan, Jemma; O'Kennedy, Richard] Dublin City Univ, Natl Ctr Sensor Res, Dublin 9, Ireland. [Whelan, Michelle; Furey, Ambrose] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Team Elucidate, Cork, Ireland. [Crooks, Steven] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Vet Sci Div, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Sayers, Regina] TEAGASC, Dairy Prod Res Ctr, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland. [Anastasio, Aniello] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Sci Zootecn & Ispez Alimenti, Naples, Italy. [Elliott, Christopher] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Agri Food & Land, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Brandon, David] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Danaher, M (reprint author), TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Res Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. EM martin.danaher@teagasc.ie RI Danaher, Martin/M-3605-2013; OI Danaher, Martin/0000-0003-4060-0441; Furey, Ambrose/0000-0003-4119-4318 FU Irish Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food [05/RD/TN/355]; EU [FOOD-CT-2006-36241] FX This research was funded by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food under the Food Institutional Research Measure as part of the National Development Plan (Project 05/R&D/TN/355) and by EU Sixth Framework programme on Food Quality and Safety, ProSafeBeef project FOOD-CT-2006-36241. The Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) (European Community Reference Laboratory) are acknowledged for supply of incurred milk samples. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 654 IS 2 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.028 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 520YV UT WOS:000271886600003 PM 19854341 ER PT J AU Reddy, SS Nyakatawa, EZ Reddy, KC Raper, RL Reeves, DW Lemunyon, JL AF Reddy, S. S. Nyakatawa, E. Z. Reddy, K. C. Raper, R. L. Reeves, D. W. Lemunyon, J. L. TI Long-term effects of poultry litter and conservation tillage on crop yields and soil phosphorus in cotton-cotton-corn rotation SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Poultry litter; Conventional tillage; Cover crop; Mulch tillage; No-tillage; Phosphorus ID RYE COVER CROP; BROILER LITTER; NO-TILL; ORGANIC-MATTER; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; WINTER COVER; SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN AB Long-term field experiments are needed to fully realize positive and negative impacts of conservation tillage and poultry litter application. A study was initiated on a Decatur silt loam soil at the Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center, Belle Mina, AL, USA in 1996 to evaluate cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) performance with long-term poultry litter (PL) application under different tillages and to Study the build up of phosphorus (P) With application of PL. Treatments include incomplete factorial combinations of three tillage systems [conventional till (CT), mulch till (MT), and no-till (NT)], two cropping systems [cotton-fallow and cotton-winter rye (Secale cereale L.)], and two nitrogen sources and rates [100 kg N ha(-1) from ammonium nitrate (AN), and 100 and 200 kg N ha(-1) from poultry litter (PL)]. Cotton was rotated with corn (Zea mays L.) every third year. Results from 2003 to 2008 showed that all tillages gave similar cotton lint yields with AN at 100 kg N ha(-1). Application of PL at 100 kg N ha(-1) in NT plots resulted in 12 and 11% yield reductions compared to that of CT and MT, respectively. However, NT plots with higher quantity of PL (200 kg N ha(-1)) gave similar yields to CT and MT at 100 kg N ha(-1). During corn years, higher residual fertility of PL, in terms of grain yields, was observed in NT plots compared to CT and MT. Long-term PL application (100 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) helped to maintain original soil pH in CT and MT while AN application decreased soil pH. In NT plots, PL at 100 kg N ha(-1) was not sufficient to maintain original soil pH, but 200 kg N ha(-1) maintained original pH. Although not-significant, elevated P levels were observed in all tillages compared to original P levels which indicates possibility of P build up in future with further application of PL. Application of PL at double rate (200 kg N ha(-1)) in NT plots resulted in significant build up of P. Results indicate that NT gives similar yields to CT when received AN. but needs higher rate of PL application to achieve similar yields to CT. (C) 2009 Elsevier B,V. All rights reserved. C1 [Reddy, S. S.; Nyakatawa, E. Z.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Reddy, K. C.] Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. [Raper, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Reeves, D. W.] ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Lemunyon, J. L.] USDA NRCS, Cent Natl Technol Support Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP Reddy, SS (reprint author), Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, POB 1208, Normal, AL 35762 USA. EM sajjala.reddy@gmail.com FU USDA-ARS FX We appreciate the help of Bobby E. Norris Jr., Director, and the staff of the Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center with field plot management and assistance with soil sampling. This research was supported by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with USDA-ARS. NR 77 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 2 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.09.001 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 512NV UT WOS:000271257400018 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Windham, GL AF Williams, W. Paul Windham, Gary L. TI Diallel analysis of fumonisin accumulation in maize SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Diallel; Fumonisin; Maize ID FUSARIUM EAR ROT; GERMPLASM LINE; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; REGISTRATION; RESISTANCE; CONTAMINATION; AFLATOXIN AB Contamination of maize (Zea mays L.) grain with aflatoxin, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus Link: Fries, or fumonisin, produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg (Syn F. moniliforme Sheldon), greatly reduces its value and marketability. Host resistance to fungal infection and mycotoxin accumulation is considered a highly desirable way to reduce losses of both aflatoxin and fumonisin. Maize germplasm lines with resistance to aflatoxin accumulation have been developed in Mississippi. Three of the aflatoxin-resistant lines and five additional lines were used as parents to produce a diallel cross. The diallel cross was evaluated for fumonisin accumulation in field tests conducted in Mississippi in 2007 and 2008. General combining ability (GCA) was a highly significant source of variation in both 2007 and 2008, but specific combining ability (SCA) was not significant. GCA effects for reduced fumonisin levels were highly significant for Mp715, Mp717. and GA209. Mp715 and Mp717 were developed and released as sources of resistance to aflatoxin contamination and exhibit resistance as inbred lines and in hybrid combinations. These lines should be useful in developing maize lines and hybrids with resistance to both fumonisin and aflatoxin accumulation in grain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Williams, W. Paul; Windham, Gary L.] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Paul.Williams@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 EI 1872-6852 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 2 BP 324 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2009.08.005 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 512NV UT WOS:000271257400020 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, GE Ferguson, DE Crookston, NL AF Rehfeldt, Gerald E. Ferguson, Dennis E. Crookston, Nicholas L. TI Aspen, climate, and sudden decline in western USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioclimate models; Sudden aspen decline; Global warming impacts; Climate responses; Climatic niche ID UNITED-STATES; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; BOREAL FOREST; IMPACTS; DIEBACK; CANADA; ABUNDANCE; GROWTH AB A bioclimate model predicting the presence or absence of aspen, Populus tremuloides, in western USA from climate variables was developed by using the Random Forests classification tree on Forest Inventory data from about 118,000 permanent sample plots. A reasonably parsimonious model used eight predictors to describe aspen's climate profile. Classification errors averaged 4.5%, most of which were errors of commission. The model was driven primarily by three variables: an annual dryness index, the ratio of summer to annual precipitation, and an interaction of growing season precipitation with the summer-winter temperature differential. Projecting the contemporary climate profile into the future climate provided by three General Circulation Models and two scenarios (SRES A2 and either B1 or B2) suggested that the area occupied by the profile should diminish rapidly over the course of the century, 6-41% by the decade surrounding 2030, 40-75% for that surrounding 2060, and 46-94% for 2090. The relevance of the climate profile to understanding climate-based responses is illustrated by relating trends in climate to the recent incidence of sudden aspen dieback that has plagued portions of the aspen distribution. Of the eight variables in the profile, four reached extreme values during 2000-2003, the period immediately preceding the appearance of damage in aerial surveys. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rehfeldt, Gerald E.; Ferguson, Dennis E.; Crookston, Nicholas L.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Rehfeldt, GE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM jrehfeldt@gmail.com NR 41 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 6 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 11 BP 2353 EP 2364 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.005 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QP UT WOS:000271708500001 ER PT J AU Reiner, AL Vaillant, NM Fites-Kaufman, J Dailey, SN AF Reiner, Alicia L. Vaillant, Nicole M. Fites-Kaufman, JoAnn Dailey, Scott N. TI Mastication and prescribed fire impacts on fuels in a 25-year old ponderosa pine plantation, southern Sierra Nevada SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fuel treatment; Mastication; Prescribed burn; Ponderosa pine; Southern Sierra Nevada ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; CROWN FIRE; CALIFORNIA; REDUCTION; SEVERITY; DYNAMICS; WILDFIRE; BEHAVIOR AB Due to increases in tree density and hazardous fuel loading in Sierra Nevadan forests, land management is focusing on fuel reduction treatments to moderate the risk of catastrophic fires. Fuel treatments involving mechanical and prescribed fire methods can reduce surface as well as canopy fuel loads. Mastication is a mechanical method which shreds smaller trees and brush onto the surface fuel layer. Little data exist quantifying masticated fuel beds. Despite the paucity of data on masticated fuels, land managers desire fuel loading, potential fire behavior and fire effects such as tree mortality information for masticated areas. In this study we measured fuel characteristics before and after mastication and mastication plus prescribed burn treatments in a 25-year old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson) plantation. In addition to surface fuel characteristics and tree data collection, bulk density samples were gathered for masticated material. Regressions were created predicting masticated fuel loading from masticated fuel bed depth. Total masticated fuel load prior to fire treatment ranged from 25.9 to 42.9 Mg ha(-1), and the bulk density of masticated fuel was 125 kg m(-3). Mastication treatment alone showed increases in most surface fuel loadings and decreases in canopy fuel loads. Masticated treatment in conjunction with prescribed burning reduced both surface and canopy fuel loads. Detailed information on fuel structure in masticated areas will allow for better predictions of fire behavior and fire effects for fire in masticated fuel types. Understanding potential fire behavior and fire effects associated with masticated fuels will allow managers to make decisions on the possibility of mastication to create fuel breaks or enhance forest health. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reiner, Alicia L.; Vaillant, Nicole M.; Fites-Kaufman, JoAnn; Dailey, Scott N.] US Forest Serv, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, USDA, Nevada City, CA 95959 USA. RP Reiner, AL (reprint author), AMSET, 1200 Franklin Way, Sparks, NV 89431 USA. EM alreiner@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-2-1-30]; Sequoia National Forest; Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team FX This research was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program (05-2-1-30), the Sequoia National Forest, and Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team. We would like to thank the Sequoia National Forest for completing the mastication and prescribed burn treatments and facilitating this research, especially S. Williams, the Burn Boss for the prescribed burn. We also thank all personnel who helped to gather field data through the course of this project. Also deserving thanks is S. Mori at the Pacific Southwest Research Station for her help in the experimental design of this project. We send a special thanks to B. Rau for sample SAS code and the use of his drying ovens. We thank R. Tausch at the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Reno, Nevada for the use of the greenhouse facilities during fuel sample processing. We sincerely thank D. Turner, at the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, Utah, for counsel on analysis of unbalanced experimental designs and instruction on the use of PROC GLMMIX in SAS. NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 11 BP 2365 EP 2372 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.050 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QP UT WOS:000271708500002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, KM Hessburg, PF Keane, RE Menakis, JP AF Reynolds, Keith M. Hessburg, Paul F. Keane, Robert E. Menakis, James P. TI National fuel-treatment budgeting in US federal agencies: Capturing opportunities for transparent decision-making SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Decision support; Landscape analysis; Planning; Fire danger; Fuels management; Forest restoration ID LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; FORESTS; FIRE AB The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system has been used by the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and Bureaus of the Department of the Interior since 2006 to evaluate wildfire potential across all administrative units in the continental US, and to establish priorities for allocating fuel-treatment budgets. This article discusses an EMDS fuels-treatment decision-support application, agency experiences with the application, and the extent to which it addressed concerns in Congress, and those of the General Accountability Office. EMDS aids the budget allocation process by providing a rational, transparent, and reproducible process that can be clearly communicated to Congressional staff and oversight personnel. However, practical application of this decision-support process was not without challenges, which included missing or suboptimal data, clearly articulated fuels management objectives, and improved understanding (via re-assessing decision logic from prior years) of trade-offs in decision-making. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Reynolds, Keith M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Keane, Robert E.; Menakis, James P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kreynolds@fs.fed.us OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 11 BP 2373 EP 2381 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.011 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QP UT WOS:000271708500003 ER PT J AU Holden, ZA Morgan, P Evans, JS AF Holden, Zachary A. Morgan, Penelope Evans, Jeffrey S. TI A predictive model of burn severity based on 20-year satellite-inferred burn severity data in a large southwestern US wilderness area SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fire ecology; Remote sensing; Burn severity; Random Forest; Wildland Fire Use; Ecological restoration; Landsat; RdNBR ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; FIRE SEVERITY; NATIVE FISHES; SIERRA-NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; REGIMES; MANAGEMENT AB We describe and then model satellite-inferred severe (stand-replacing) fire occurrence relative to topography (elevation, aspect, slope, solar radiation, Heat Load Index, wetness and measures of topographic ruggedness) using data from 114 fires > 40 ha in area that occurred between 1984 and 2004 in the Gila Wilderness and surrounding Gila National Forest. Severe fire occurred more frequently at higher elevations and on north-facing, steep slopes and at locally wet, cool sites, which suggests that moisture limitations on productivity in the southwestern US interact with topography to influence vegetation density and fuel production that in turn influence burn severity. We use the Random Forest algorithm and a stratified random sample of burn severity pixels with corresponding pixels from 15 topographic layers as predictor variables to build an empirical model predicting the probability of occurrence for severe burns across the entire 1.4 million ha study area. Our model correctly classified severity with a classification accuracy of 79.5% when burn severity pixels were classified as severe vs. not severe (two classes). Because our model was derived from data sampled across many fires over a 20-year period, it represents average probability of severe fire occurrence and is unlikely to predict burn severity for individual fire events. However, we believe it has potential as a tool for planning fuel treatment projects, in management of actively burning fires, and for better understanding of landscape-scale burn severity patterns. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holden, Zachary A.] US Forest Serv No Reg, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Morgan, Penelope] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Holden, ZA (reprint author), US Forest Serv No Reg, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM zaholden@fs.fed.us; pmorgan@uidaho.edu; jeffrey_evans@tnc.org OI Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044 FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture [02-JV-111222048-252]; USDA/USDI Joint Fire Science Program [JFSP 05-02-1-101] FX This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture (Research joint Venture Agreement 02-JV-111222048-252), the USDA/USDI Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP 05-02-1-101). NR 48 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 11 BP 2399 EP 2406 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.017 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QP UT WOS:000271708500006 ER PT J AU Varner, JM Putz, FE O'Brien, JJ Hiers, JK Mitchell, RJ Gordon, DR AF Varner, J. Morgan Putz, Francis E. O'Brien, Joseph J. Hiers, J. Kevin Mitchell, Robert J. Gordon, Doria R. TI Post-fire tree stress and growth following smoldering duff fires SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecological restoration; Fire; Non-structural carbohydrates; Pine mortality; Pinus palustris; Soil heating ID FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; PONDEROSA PINE; LONGLEAF PINE; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; MORTALITY; FORESTS; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; CONIFERS; FLORIDA AB Understanding the proximate causes of post-fire conifer mortality due to smoldering duff fires is essential to the restoration and management of coniferous forests throughout North America. To better understand duff fire-caused mortality, we investigated tree stress and radial growth following experimental fires in a long-unburned forest on deep sands in northern Florida, USA. We burned basal fuels surrounding 80 mature Pinus palustris Mill. in a randomized experiment comparing the effects of basal burning treatments on stem vascular meristems; surficial roots; root and stem combinations; and a non-smoldering control. We examined the effects of duration of lethal temperatures (>60 degrees C) on subsequent pine radial growth and root non-structural carbohydrates (starch and sugar). Duff and mineral soil temperatures in the experimental fires consistently exceeded 60 degrees C for over an hour following ignition, with lethal temperatures of shorter duration recorded 20 cm below the mineral soil surface. Duff heating was best explained by day-of-burn Oe horizon moisture (P = 0.01), although little variation was explained (R(2) = 0.24). Post-fire changes in latewood radial increment in the year following fires was related to duration of temperatures >60 degrees C 10 cm deep in the mineral soil (P = 0.07), but explained little variability in post-fire growth (R(2) = 0.17). In contrast, changes in non-structural carbohydrate content in coarse roots (2-5 mm diameter) 120 days following burning were more strongly correlated with the duration of lethal heating 5 cm below the mineral soil surface (P = 0.02; R(2) = 0.53). Results from this study implicate the role of mineral soil heating in the post-fire decline of mature longleaf pine following restoration fires in sandy soils. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Varner, J. Morgan] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Putz, Francis E.; Gordon, Doria R.] Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [O'Brien, Joseph J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. [Hiers, J. Kevin; Mitchell, Robert J.] JW Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, MA USA. [Gordon, Doria R.] Nature Conservancy, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Varner, JM (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM jmvarner@humboldt.edu FU University of Florida; Joint Fire Science Program FX This project was supported by funds provided by the University of Florida and to the USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, North Carolina, from the Joint Fire Science Program. We appreciate the coordination and support of S. Coates and the Ordway-Swisher Biological Station. E. Owens assisted with experimental fires and field data collection. Laboratory analysis was performed by E. Owens, D. Williams, D. Guo, and S. Pecot. Helpful comments on study design, implementation, and analysis were contributed by T. Martin, A. Long, and N. Pederson. NR 53 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 11 BP 2467 EP 2474 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.028 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QP UT WOS:000271708500013 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Westfall, JA AF Woodall, C. W. Westfall, J. A. TI Relationships between the stocking levels of live trees and dead tree attributes in forests of the United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Standing dead; Downed dead; Coarse woody debris; Forest inventory; Relative density; Stocking ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; STAND-DENSITY INDEX; WESTERN OREGON; DYNAMICS; DECAY; CHRONOSEQUENCE; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT AB There has been little examination of the relationship between the stocking of live trees in forests and the associated attributes of dead tree resources which could inform large-scale efforts to estimate and manage deadwood resources. The goal of this study was to examine the relationships between the stocking of standing live trees and attributes of standing dead and downed dead trees using a national inventory of forests in the United States. Results indicated that from the lowest to the highest class of live tree relative stand density, the mean biomass/ha of live trees increased over 2000% while standing dead and downed dead trees biomass/ha increased 295 and 75%, respectively. Correlations between downed deadwood biomass and stand/site attributes increased as live tree stocking increased. The size/density attributes of standing and downed deadwood exhibited no relationship with standing live stocking possibly due to the confounding factors of decay and breakage. This study proposes a conceptual deadwood stocking model with standing live tree stocking as an axis along which deadwood accretion factors (e.g., disturbance, self-thinning, and senescence) and depletion factors (e.g., decay, harvest, and stagnation) ultimately determine deadwood stocking. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woodall, C. W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Westfall, J. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD NOV 10 PY 2009 VL 258 IS 11 BP 2602 EP 2608 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.018 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 518QP UT WOS:000271708500027 ER PT J AU Corella, D Peloso, G Arnett, DK Demissie, S Cupples, LA Tucker, K Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Coltell, O Lee, YC Ordovas, JM AF Corella, Dolores Peloso, Gina Arnett, Donna K. Demissie, Serkalem Cupples, L. Adrienne Tucker, Katherine Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Coltell, Oscar Lee, Yu-Chi Ordovas, Jose M. TI APOA2, Dietary Fat, and Body Mass Index Replication of a Gene-Diet Interaction in 3 Independent Populations SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-II; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LIPID-METABOLISM; TRANSGENIC MICE; PUERTO-RICAN; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH AB Background: Nutrigenetics studies the role of genetic variation on interactions between diet and health, aiming to provide more personalized dietary advice. However, replication has been low. Our aim was to study interaction among a functional APOA2 polymorphism, food intake, and body mass index (BMI) in independent populations to replicate findings and to increase their evidence level. Methods: Cross-sectional, follow-up (20 years), and case-control analyses were undertaken in 3 independent populations. We analyzed gene-diet interactions between the APOA2 -265T>C polymorphism and saturated fat intake on BMI and obesity in 3462 individuals from 3 populations in the United States: the Framingham Offspring Study, (1454 whites), the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study (1078 whites), and Boston-Puerto Rican Centers on Population Health and Health Disparities Study (930 Hispanics of Caribbean origin). Results: Prevalence of the CC genotype in study participants ranged from 10.5% to 16.2%. We identified statistically significant interactions between the APOA2 -265T>C and saturated fat regarding BMI in all 3 populations. Thus, the magnitude of the difference in BMI between the individuals with the CC and TT+TC genotypes differed by saturated fat. A mean increase in BMI of 6.2% (range, 4.3%-7.9%; P=.01) was observed between genotypes with high- (>= 22 g/d) but not with low-saturated fat intake in all studies. Likewise, the CC genotype was significantly associated with higher obesity prevalence in all populations only in the high-saturated fat stratum. Meta-analysis estimations of obesity for individuals with the CC genotype compared with the TT+TC genotype were an odds ratio of 1.84 (95% confidence interval, 1.38-2.47; P < .001) in the high-saturated fat stratum, but no association was detected in the low-saturated fat stratum (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.11; P=18). Conclusion: For the first time to our knowledge, a gene-diet interaction influencing BMI and obesity has been strongly and consistently replicated in 3 independent populations. C1 [Corella, Dolores; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lee, Yu-Chi; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine] Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peloso, Gina; Demissie, Serkalem; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Inst Salud Carlos III, Sch Med, Valencia, Spain. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Coltell, Oscar] Jaume I Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Invest CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524, HL-54776]; National Institute on Aging [5PO1AG023394-05]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1-950-9-001]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PR2008-268]; CNIC06; CIBER [CB06/03/0035]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain [RD07/0067/0006] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant DK075030, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants U 01 HL72524 and HL-54776, National Institute on Aging grant 5PO1AG023394-05, contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1-950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service, contract PR2008-268 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and CNIC06, CIBER CB06/03/0035, and RD07/0067/0006 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 9 PY 2009 VL 169 IS 20 BP 1897 EP 1906 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 516BX UT WOS:000271517800012 PM 19901143 ER PT J AU Yoo, H Washington, JW Jenkins, TM Libelo, EL AF Yoo, Hoon Washington, John W. Jenkins, Thomas M. Libelo, E. Lawrence TI Analysis of perfluorinated chemicals in sludge: Method development and initial results SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE PFOA; PFOS; PFCA; Sludge; LC/MS/MS ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATE; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; WATER; SURFACTANTS; MATRICES AB A fast, rigorous method was developed to maximize the extraction efficacy for ten perfluorocarboxylic acids and perfluorooctanesulfonate from waste-water-treatment sludge and to quantitate using liquid chromatography, tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). First, organic solvents were tested for extraction efficiency, including acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), isopropanol (IPA), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and 50/50 ACN/MeOH (v/v). Among the extractants tested, 50/50 ACN/MeOH yielded the best results for our combined criteria of extraction efficacy and solvent-handling convenience. Second, chemical pretreatment prior to solvent extraction was tested with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and potassium persulfate (K(2)S(2)O(8)). Pretreatment with NaOH and HCl effectively recovered additional PFCs from the sludge, but KOH and K(2)S(2)O(8) digestion were less effective than no pretreatment. Third, cleanup methods were investigated with solid-phase extraction using HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced) and WAX (weak-anion exchange) stationary phases, and with ion-pairing. The HLB stationary phase yielded a slight edge over the other two cleanup strategies in terms of recoverable PFCs and chromatographic separation. Finally, the appropriateness of isotopically labeled PFCs for quantitating unlabeled PFCs using isotopic dilution in complex sludge extracts was evaluated by comparison to results obtained with the standard-addition method. A National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) domestic sludge (CRM 2781) was analyzed using our finalized method and compared with previously reported results. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoo, Hoon; Washington, John W.; Jenkins, Thomas M.] USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Yoo, Hoon] CNR, Washington, DC USA. [Libelo, E. Lawrence] US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Washington, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Washington.John@epa.gov NR 31 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 6 PY 2009 VL 1216 IS 45 BP 7831 EP 7839 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.051 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 514PT UT WOS:000271408000030 PM 19815224 ER PT J AU Trauner, J Schinko, J Lorenzen, MD Shippy, TD Wimmer, EA Beeman, RW Klingler, M Bucher, G Brown, SJ AF Trauner, Jochen Schinko, Johannes Lorenzen, Marce D. Shippy, Teresa D. Wimmer, Ernst A. Beeman, Richard W. Klingler, Martin Bucher, Gregor Brown, Susan J. TI Large-scale insertional mutagenesis of a coleopteran stored grain pest, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, identifies embryonic lethal mutations and enhancer traps SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-ELEMENTS; DROSOPHILA; PIGGYBAC; TRANSFORMATION; GENES; RNAI; TRANSGENESIS; MAXILLOPEDIA; EXPRESSION; MUTANTS AB Background: Given its sequenced genome and efficient systemic RNA interference response, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is a model organism well suited for reverse genetics. Even so, there is a pressing need for forward genetic analysis to escape the bias inherent in candidate gene approaches. Results: To produce easy-to-maintain insertional mutations and to obtain fluorescent marker lines to aid phenotypic analysis, we undertook a large-scale transposon mutagenesis screen. In this screen, we produced more than 6,500 new piggyBac insertions. Of these, 421 proved to be recessive lethal, 75 were semi-lethal, and eight indicated recessive sterility, while 505 showed new enhancer-trap patterns. Insertion junctions were determined for 403 lines and often appeared to be located within transcription units. Insertion sites appeared to be randomly distributed throughout the genome, with the exception of a preference for reinsertion near the donor site. Conclusion: A large collection of enhancer-trap and embryonic lethal beetle lines has been made available to the research community and will foster investigations into diverse fields of insect biology, pest control, and evolution. Because the genetic elements used in this screen are species-nonspecific, and because the crossing scheme does not depend on balancer chromosomes, the methods presented herein should be broadly applicable for many insect species. C1 [Schinko, Johannes; Wimmer, Ernst A.; Bucher, Gregor] Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, GZMB, Gottingen, Germany. [Trauner, Jochen; Klingler, Martin] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Dept Biol, Erlangen, Germany. [Lorenzen, Marce D.; Beeman, Richard W.] USDA ARS GMPRC, Manhattan, KS USA. [Shippy, Teresa D.; Brown, Susan J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wimmer, EA (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Dept Dev Biol, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst Zool & Anthropol, GZMB, Ernst Caspari Haus, Gottingen, Germany. EM jtrauner@biologie.uni-erlangen.de; johannes.schinko@univie.ac.at; marce@ksu.edu; tshippy@ksu.edu; ewimmer@gwdg.de; Richard.Beeman@ars.usda.gov; Martin.Klingler@rzmail.uni-erlangen.de; gregor.bucher@bio.uni-goettingen.de; sjbrown@ksu.edu RI Klingler, Martin/J-8383-2013; Bucher, Gregor/B-9004-2015 OI Klingler, Martin/0000-0001-8859-1965; Bucher, Gregor/0000-0002-4615-6401 FU USDA; "Functional Genomics of Agriculturally Important Organisms - Insects and Mites" [2004-35604-14250] FX We are deeply indebted to Elke Kuster, Susanne Fischer, Tatum Kimzey, Kathy Leonard and Jonna Voorhees for technical assistance in production and characterization of transgenic lines. All programs and services of the U. S. Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis, without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. This work has been funded by the USDA within the CSREES_NRI program "Functional Genomics of Agriculturally Important Organisms - Insects and Mites" grant # 2004-35604-14250 (EAW, RWB, MK, SJB). NR 30 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 7 AR 73 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-7-73 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 526ZS UT WOS:000272336000001 PM 19891766 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Salch, JH Felker, FC Shogren, RL AF Fanta, George F. Salch, John H. Felker, Frederick C. Shogren, Randal L. TI Adsorption of Polyethylene from Solution onto Starch Film Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; coatings; FTIR; polyethylene (PE); polysaccharides ID STEAM JET COOKING; CEREAL STARCHES; AMYLOPECTIN; AMYLOSE; LIPIDS AB We prepared starch films by jet-cooking aqueous dispersions of high-amylose starch and then allowing the jet-cooked dispersions to air-dry on Teflon surfaces. When the starch films were immersed in 1% solutions of polyethylene (PE) in 1-dodecanol, dodecane, and xylene at 120 degrees C and the solutions were allowed to slowly cool, PE precipitated from the solutions and adsorbed onto the starch film surfaces. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to estimate the micrograms of PE adsorbed per square centimeter of starch film. PE was preferentially adsorbed onto the film side that was in contact with the Teflon surface during drying. The amount of PE adsorbed ranged from about 8 to 45 mu g/cm(2) and depended upon the solvent used and the final temperature of the cooled solution. Scanning electron microscopy of the starch film surfaces showed discontinuous networks of adsorbed PE on the Teflon side and widely spaced nodules of adsorbed PE on the air side. NMR analysis showed that the PE adsorbed onto the starch surface was more linear and/or had a higher molecular weight than the starting PE. Possible reasons for the selective adsorption of PE onto the Teflon side of the starch film surface are discussed. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) J Appl Polym Sci 114: 1840-1847, 2009 C1 [Felker, Frederick C.] ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fanta, George F.; Salch, John H.; Shogren, Randal L.] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Felker, FC (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frederick.felker@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 3 BP 1840 EP 1847 DI 10.1002/app.30676 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 493CC UT WOS:000269709700063 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LL Grubman, MJ AF Rodriguez, Luis L. Grubman, Marvin J. TI Foot and mouth disease virus vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Review DE Foot and mouth; Disease; Virus; Vaccines ID INDUCE NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN VP1; CAPSID PROTEINS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SUBUNIT VACCINE; GUINEA-PIGS; HETEROLOGOUS SYSTEMS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; EXPRESSION SYSTEM; LEADER PROTEINASE AB Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious and economically devastating disease of livestock. Although vaccines, available since the early 1900s, have been instrumental in eradicating FMD from parts of the world, the disease still affects millions of animals around the globe and remains the main sanitary barrier to the commerce of animals and animal products. Currently available inactivated antigen vaccines applied intramuscularly to individual animals, confer serotype and subtype specific protection in 1-2 weeks but fail to induce long-term protective immunity. Among the limitations of this vaccine are potential virus escape from the production facility, short shelf life of formulated product, short duration of immunity and requirement of dozens of antigens to address viral antigenic diversity. Here we review novel vaccine approaches that address some of these limitations. Basic research and the combination of reliable animal inoculation models, reverse genetics and computational biology tools will allow the rational design of safe and effective FMD vaccines. These vaccines should address not only the needs of FMD-free countries but also allow the progressive global control and eradication of this devastating disease. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rodriguez, Luis L.; Grubman, Marvin J.] USDA ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov NR 75 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 27 BP D90 EP D94 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.039 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 520UY UT WOS:000271876100019 PM 19837296 ER PT J AU Spackman, E Swayne, DE Gilbert, M Joly, DO Karesh, WB Suarez, DL Sodnomdarjaa, R Dulam, P Cardona, C AF Spackman, Erica Swayne, David E. Gilbert, Martin Joly, Damien O. Karesh, William B. Suarez, David L. Sodnomdarjaa, Ruuragchaa Dulam, Purevtseren Cardona, Carol TI Characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in Mongolia 2005 through 2007 SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; MIGRATORY WATERFOWL; DUCKS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; PCR; INFECTIONS; PATTERNS; ALASKA AB Background: Since the emergence of H5N1 high pathogenicity (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV) in Asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. In accordance with this a surveillance program for AIV in wild birds was conducted in Mongolia from 2005-2007. An important feature of Mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore AIV detection in wild birds would not likely be from spill-over from domestic poultry. Results: During 2005-2007 2,139 specimens representing 4,077 individual birds of 45 species were tested for AIV by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and/or virus isolation. Bird age and health status were recorded. Ninety rRT-PCR AIV positive samples representing 89 individual birds of 19 species including 9 low pathogenicity (LP) AIVs were isolated from 6 species. A Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus), a Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) and 2 Ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea) were positive for H12N3 LP AIV. H16N3 and H13N6 viruses were isolated from Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus). A Red-crested pochard (Rhodonessa rufina) and 2 Mongolian gulls (Larus vagae mongolicus) were positive for H3N6 and H16N6 LP AIV, respectively. Full genomes of each virus isolate were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically and were most closely related to recent European and Asian wild bird lineage AIVs and individual genes loosely grouped by year. Reassortment occurred within and among different years and subtypes. Conclusion: Detection and/or isolation of AIV infection in numerous wild bird species, including 2 which have not been previously described as hosts, reinforces the wide host range of AIV within avian species. Reassortment complexity within the genomes indicate the introduction of new AIV strains into wild bird populations annually, however there is enough over-lap of infection for reassortment to occur. Further work is needed to clarify how AIV is maintained in these wild bird reservoirs. C1 [Spackman, Erica; Swayne, David E.; Suarez, David L.] ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Gilbert, Martin; Karesh, William B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Joly, Damien O.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Nanaimo, BC V9S 2S4, Canada. [Sodnomdarjaa, Ruuragchaa; Dulam, Purevtseren] Agr & Light Ind, Minist Food, State Cent Vet Lab, Ulaanbaatar 210153, Mongol Peo Rep. [Cardona, Carol] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM erica.spackman@ars.usda.gov; david.swayne@ars.usda.gov; mgilbert@wcs.org; djoly@wcs.org; wkaresh@wcs.org; david.suarez@ars.usda.gov; vetlabnet@magicnet.mn; vetlabnet@magicnet.m; cjcardona@ucdavis.edu FU USDA-ARS CRIS [6612-32000-048]; Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health; U. S. Agency for International Development; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Wildlife Conservation Society [LAG-A-00-99-00047-00, GHS-A-00-06-00005]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [HHSN2662007 00009C] FX The authors would like to thank Joan Beck, Scott Lee, Kira Moresco, James Doster, Kim Hill, Melissa Scott and Joyce Bennett for technical assistance with this work. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project #6612-32000-048. In addition, this paper was made possible through support provided by the Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, U. S. Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Wildlife Conservation Society, under the terms of Leader Award No. LAG-A-00-99-00047-00, Cooperative Agreement: GHS-A-00-06-00005. Additional funding for this project was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (Contract No. HHSN2662007 00009C).; The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, U. S. Agency for International Development, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or Wildlife Conservation Society. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this manuscript is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD NOV 5 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 190 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-6-190 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 526OC UT WOS:000272299400002 PM 19891786 ER PT J AU Scott, RL Jenerette, GD Potts, DL Huxman, TE AF Scott, Russell L. Jenerette, G. Darrel Potts, Daniel L. Huxman, Travis E. TI Effects of seasonal drought on net carbon dioxide exchange from a woody-plant-encroached semiarid grassland SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE; EDDY-COVARIANCE; PRECIPITATION PULSES; SHRUB ENCROACHMENT; VEGETATION CHANGE; SOIL RESPIRATION; DESERT GRASSLAND; WATER FLUXES; MESQUITE AB Annual precipitation in the central and southern warm-desert region of North America is distributed climatologically between summer and winter periods with two prominent dry periods between them. We used energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from eddy covariance along with standard meteorological and soil moisture measurements at a semiarid savanna in southern Arizona, United States, to better understand the consequences of warm or cool season drought on ecosystem CO2 exchange in these bimodally forced water-limited regions. Over the last 100 years, this historic grassland has converted to a savanna by the encroachment of the native mesquite tree (Prosopis velutina Woot.). During each of the 4 years of observation (2004-2007), annual precipitation (P) was below average, but monsoon (July-September) P was both above and below average while cool-season (December-March) P was always less than average by varying degrees. The ecosystem was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere, ranging from 14 to 95 g C m(-2) yr(-1) with the strength of the source increasing with decreasing precipitation. When the rainfall was closest to the long-term average in its distribution and amount, the ecosystem was essentially carbon neutral. Summer drought resulted in increased carbon losses due mainly to a shortening of the growing season and the length of time later in the season when photosynthetic gain exceeds respiration loss. Severe cool season drought led to decreased spring carbon uptake and seemingly enhanced summer respiration, resulting in conditions that led to the greatest annual net carbon loss. C1 [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jenerette, G. Darrel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Potts, Daniel L.] SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. [Huxman, Travis E.] Univ Arizona, Earthsci B2, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM russ.scott@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800, DEB 04189134, 0414977]; Philecology Foundation; Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; University of Arizona FX This work is supported by mainly by the USDA-ARS and by SAHRA (Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC Program of the National Science Foundation, agreement EAR-9876800. Other funding includes: NSF-DEB 04189134 and 0414977, the Philecology Foundation, and a Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship to G.D.J. awarded in 2004. Rainfall data were provided by the Santa Rita Experimental Range Digital Database. Funding for the digitization of these data was provided by USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the University of Arizona. Thanks to M. McClaran and M. Heitlinger (University of Arizona) who oversee the research carried out on the experimental range and have been especially helpful in the establishment and operation of this site. NR 80 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 45 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD NOV 4 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G04004 DI 10.1029/2008JG000900 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 516YZ UT WOS:000271580800001 ER PT J AU Sun, G Sun, JX Zhou, GS AF Sun, Ge Sun, Jianxin Zhou, Guangsheng TI Water and carbon dynamics in selected ecosystems in China SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Sun, Jianxin] Beijing Forestry Univ, Key Lab Silviculture & Conservat, Minist Educ, Coll Forest Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Guangsheng] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Sun, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM Ge_Sun@ncsu.edu; sunjianx@bjfu.edu.cn; gszhou@ibcas.ac.cn NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 11 BP 1789 EP 1790 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.008 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504TJ UT WOS:000270640300001 ER PT J AU Aronson, EL McNulty, SG AF Aronson, Emma L. McNulty, Steven G. TI Appropriate experimental ecosystem warming methods by ecosystem, objective, and practicality SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem warming; Soil heating; Climate change; Global change; Greenhouse effect; Soil warming methods ID SIMULATED CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ELEVATED CO2; SOIL CARBON; GAS FLUXES; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; NITROGEN AB The temperature of the Earth is rising, and is highly likely to continue to do so for the foreseeable future. The study of the effects of sustained heating on the ecosystems of the world is necessary so that we might predict and respond to coming changes on both large and small spatial scales. To this end, ecosystem warming studies have been performed for more than 20 years using a variety of methods. These warming methods fall into two general categories: active and passive. Active warming methods include heat-resistance cables, infrared (IR) lamps and active field chambers. Passive warming methods include nighttime warming and passive field chambers. An extensive literature review was performed and all ecosystem warming study sites were compiled into a master list. These studies were divided by latitude and precipitation, as well as the method type used and response variables investigated. The goals of this study were to identify: ( I) the most generally applicable, inexpensive and effective heating methods; and (2) areas of the world that are understudied or have been studied using only limited warming methods. It was found that the most generally applicable method, and the one that is most true to climate change predictions, is IR heating lamp installation. The least expensive method is passive chambers. The extreme lower and upper latitudes have been investigated least with ecosystem warming methods, and for the upper-mid-latitudes (60-80 degrees) there have been limited studies published using methods other than passive chambers. Ecosystem warming method limitations and recommendations are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aronson, Emma L.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [McNulty, Steven G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Aronson, EL (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biol, 415 S Univ Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM emmala@sas.upenn.edu; smcnulty@fs.fed.us RI Aronson, Emma/I-3277-2012 NR 41 TC 85 Z9 97 U1 7 U2 90 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 11 BP 1791 EP 1799 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.007 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504TJ UT WOS:000270640300002 ER PT J AU Guo, HQ Noormets, A Zhao, B Chen, JQ Sun, G Gu, YJ Li, B Chen, JK AF Guo, Haiqiang Noormets, Asko Zhao, Bin Chen, Jiquan Sun, Ge Gu, Yongjian Li, Bo Chen, Jiakuan TI Tidal effects on net ecosystem exchange of carbon in an estuarine wetland SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Estuarine wetland; Carbon flux; Tidal elevation; Eddy covariance; Spectral analysis; Respiration ID SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; CO2 EXCHANGE; WATER-VAPOR; WAVELET REPRESENTATION; SEASONAL-VARIATION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; PLANT ZONATION; SOUTH-CAROLINA AB One year of continuous data from two eddy-flux towers established along an elevation gradient in coastal Shanghai was analyzed to evaluate the tidal effect on carbon flux (F-c) over an estuarine wetland. The measured wavelet spectra and cospectra of F-c and other environmental factors demonstrated that the dynamics of F-c at both sites exhibited a tidal-driven pattern with obvious characteristics at scales between 10 and 20 days (256-512-h). Environmental factors exerted major controls on the carbon balance at finer temporal scales F-c was more sensitive to tides at the low-elevation site than at the high-elevation site. Overall, the mean nighttime F-c during spring tides was lower than that during neap, tides, indicating suppressed ecosystem respiration under inundation. Larger differences were observed at the low-elevation site due to longer inundation durations. In contrast, daytime F-c was more variable since plants reacted differently in different growth periods and under different tidal elevations. The amplitudes of diurnal F-c during tidal periods were larger than those reported for other wetland types, implying a great potential for future carbon sequestration. Whilst tides would also transport organic matter to nearby estuaries and hence may incur carbon emission in the receiving ecosystems. Thus, further study on lateral carbon transport is required to investigate the tidal effect on the carbon sink/source role of the wetland. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, Haiqiang; Zhao, Bin; Chen, Jiquan; Gu, Yongjian; Li, Bo; Chen, Jiakuan] Fudan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Noormets, Asko; Sun, Ge] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Guo, Haiqiang; Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Zhao, B (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biodivers Sci & Ecol Engn, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM zhaobin@fudan.edu.cn RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009; Zhao, Bin/E-5349-2010; Zhao, Bin/I-3651-2013; Li, Bo/B-8016-2010 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; Zhao, Bin/0000-0002-3530-2469; Li, Bo/0000-0002-0439-5666 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB403305]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40471087]; Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation [06ZR14015]; New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-06-0364]; Ministry of Education of China FX This research was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2006CB403305), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 40471087), Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation (no. 06ZR14015) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-06-0364) funded by the Ministry of Education of China. We also appreciate all the dedicated help from US-China Carbon Consortium (USCCC). We thank all of the staff of the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve and all of the students in our laboratory for their help with carbon flux tower construction, laboratory and field work and comments on the manuscript. Thanks are extended to Paul C. Stoy, Wen Xuefa, Jiang Zhaoyang, Cheng Weixin, Kim Brosofske, Lisa Delp, Osbert Sun and two anonymous referees for their expert advice and fruitful comments. NR 60 TC 30 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 11 BP 1820 EP 1828 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.010 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504TJ UT WOS:000270640300005 ER PT J AU Gonzalez-Dugo, MP Neale, CMU Mateos, L Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Anderson, MC Li, F AF Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P. Neale, C. M. U. Mateos, L. Kustas, W. P. Prueger, J. H. Anderson, M. C. Li, F. TI A comparison of operational remote sensing-based models for estimating crop evapotranspiration SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Crop evapotranspiration; One-source modeling; Two-source modeling; Crop coefficient; Vegetation index ID SURFACE-ENERGY BUDGET; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; HEAT-FLUX; VEGETATION INDEXES; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; EVAPORATIVE FRACTION; SELF-PRESERVATION; WATER-CONTENT; BOWEN-RATIO AB The integration of remotely sensed data into models of evapotranspiration (ET) facilitates the estimation of water consumption across agricultural regions. To estimate regional ET, two basic types of remote sensing approaches have been successfully applied. The first approach computes a surface energy balance using the radiometric surface temperature for estimating the sensible heat flux (H), and obtaining ET as a residual of the energy balance. This paper compares the performance of three different surface energy balance algorithms: an empirical one-source energy balance model; a one-source model calibrated using inverse modeling of ET extremes (namely ET = 0 and ET at potential) which are assumed to exist within the satellite scene; and a two-source (soil + vegetation) energy balance model. The second approach uses vegetation indices derived from canopy reflectance data to estimate basal crop coefficients that can be used to convert reference ET to actual crop ET. This approach requires local meteorological and soil data to maintain a water balance in the root zone of the crop. Output from these models was compared to sensible and latent heat fluxes measured during the soil moisture-atmosphere coupling experiment (SMACEX) conducted over rain-fed corn and soybean crops in central Iowa. The root mean square differences (RMSD) of the estimation of instantaneous latent and heat fluxes were less than 50 W m(-2) for the three energy balance models. The two-source energy balance model gave the lowest RMSD (30 W m(-2)) and highest r(2) values in comparison with measured fluxes. In addition, three schemes were applied for upscaling instantaneous flux estimates from the energy balance models (at the time of satellite overpass) to daily integrated ET, including conservation of evaporative fraction and fraction of reference ET. For all energy balance models, an adjusted evaporative fraction approach produced the lowest RMSDs in daily ET of 0.4-0.6 mm d(-1). The reflectance-based crop coefficient model yielded RMSD values of 0.4 mm d(-1), but tended to significantly overestimate ET from corn during a prolonged drydown period. Crop stress can be directly detected using radiometric surface temperature, but ET modeling approaches-based solely on vegetation indices will not be sensitive to stress until there is actual reduction in biomass or changes in canopy geometry. (C) 2009 Elsevier E.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gonzalez-Dugo, M. P.] Ctr Alameda del Obispo, IFAPA, Cordoba 14080, Spain. [Neale, C. M. U.] Utah State Univ, Biol & Irrigat Engn Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Mateos, L.] CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba 14080, Spain. [Kustas, W. P.; Anderson, M. C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. [Prueger, J. H.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Li, F.] Australian Ctr Remote Sensing, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Gonzalez-Dugo, MP (reprint author), Inst Invest & Formac Agr IFAPA, Dpto Recursos Nat & Prod Ecol, Ctr Alameda del Obispo, Alameda del Obispo S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM mariap.gonzalez.d@juntadeandalucia.es RI Neale, Christopher/G-3860-2012; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Mateos, Luciano/B-2309-2013; Neale, Christopher/P-3676-2015; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./J-4157-2012 OI Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Mateos, Luciano/0000-0002-3046-6448; Neale, Christopher/0000-0002-7199-6410; Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P./0000-0003-0423-8246 FU NASA [S-44825-G, NRA 00OES-07]; INIA [RTA2005-047, NAG5-11673]; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCDE); MEC of Spain [SAB2004-0200] FX The authors would like to recognize the funding provided by NASA Grant S-44825-G under NRA 00OES-07 from the NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program, INIA through project RTA2005-047 and contract NAG5-11673 with Utah State University. Additional support was provided though the Cooperative Research Program of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OCDE). C.M.U. Neale was also supported by a grant from the MEC of Spain, SAB2004-0200. NR 60 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 11 BP 1843 EP 1853 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.012 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504TJ UT WOS:000270640300007 ER PT J AU Houborg, R Anderson, MC Norman, JM Wilson, T Meyers, T AF Houborg, Rasmus Anderson, Martha C. Norman, John M. Wilson, Tim Meyers, Tilden TI Intercomparison of a 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' modeling paradigm for estimating carbon and energy fluxes over a variety of vegetative regimes across the US SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 fluxes; Evapotranspiration; Light-use-efficiency; Leaf photosynthesis; Bottom-up model; Top-down model; Stomatal conductance ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; EDDY-COVARIANCE; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LEAF NITROGEN AB Biophysical models intended for routine applications at a range of scales should attempt to balance the competing demands of generality and simplicity and be capable of realistically simulating the response of CO2 and energy fluxes to environmental and physiological forcings. At the same time they must remain computationally inexpensive and sufficiently simple to be effectively parameterized at the scale of application. This study investigates the utility of two modeling strategies for quantifying coupled land surface fluxes of carbon and water, which differ distinctly in their description Of CO2 assimilation processes. 'Bottom-up' models of land-atmosphere carbon exchange are based on detailed mechanistic descriptions of leaf-level photosynthetic processes scaled to the canopy whereas 'top-down' scaling approaches neglect the behavior of individual leaves and consider the canopy response to its environment in bulk. Effective intercomparisons of a light-use-efficiency (LUE)-based model of canopy conductance and a mechanistic model of leaf photosynthesis-stomatal response that employs a 'two-leaf' scaling strategy are facilitated by embedding both canopy sub-models in the Atmosphere-Land Exchange (ALEX) surface energy balance model. Water and carbon flux simulations are evaluated across time scales of hours, days, seasons and years for a variety of natural and agricultural ecosystems, using micrometeorological data from several AmeriFlux sites across the U.S. While both modeling paradigms reproduced observed magnitudes and variances of carbon and water vapor exchange on hourly and daily timescales with acceptable accuracy, the simpler LUE-based model often performed better than the more detailed scaled-leaf model, which has many adjustable species-specific model parameters. Actual light-use efficiencies vary significantly in response to changing environmental conditions and the success of LUE-based modeling frameworks rely on their ability to realistically respond to changes in light environment, atmospheric humidity, CO2 concentration and a desiccating environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Coll Pk & Hydrol Sci Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Norman, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wilson, Tim; Meyers, Tilden] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Coll Pk & Hydrol Sci Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM rasmus.houborg@nasa.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU USDA FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service Research Associate Program. The authors are indebted to the researchers responsible for the micrometeorological and surface flux measurements used in this analysis. NR 83 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 11 BP 1875 EP 1895 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.014 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504TJ UT WOS:000270640300010 ER PT J AU Savage, K Davidson, EA Richardson, AD Hollinger, DY AF Savage, Kathleen Davidson, Eric A. Richardson, Andrew D. Hollinger, David Y. TI Three scales of temporal resolution from automated soil respiration measurements SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Soil respiration; Coherence analysis; Diel; Synoptic ID NEW-ENGLAND FORESTS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; DECIDUOUS FOREST; WATER-CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; Q(10); CARBON; CO2; VARIABILITY; MODELS AB Soil respiration (R-s) is a combination of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, but it is often modeled as a single efflux process, influenced by environmental variables similarly across all time scales. Continued progress in understanding sources of variation in soil CO2 efflux will require development of R-s models that incorporate environmental influences at multiple time scales. Coherence analysis, which requires high temporal frequency data on R-s and related environmental variables, permits examination of covariation between R-s and the factors that influence it at varying temporal frequencies, thus isolating the factors important at each time scale. Automated R-s measurements, along with air, soil temperature and moisture were collected at half hour intervals at a temperate forest at Harvard Forest, MA in 2003 and a boreal transition forest at the Howland Forest, ME in 2005. As in other temperate and boreal forests, seasonal variation in R-s was strongly correlated with soil temperature. The organic and mineral layer water contents were significantly related to R-s at synoptic time scales of 2-3 days to weeks, representing the wetting and drying of the soils as weather patterns move across the region. Post-wetting pulses of R-s were correlated with the amount of precipitation and the magnitude of the change from pre-wet-up moisture content to peak moisture content of the organic horizon during the precipitation events. Although soil temperature at 8-10 cm depth and R-s showed strong coherence at a 24-h interval, calculated diel Q(10) values for R-s were unreasonably high (6-74) during all months for the evergreen forest and during the growing season for the deciduous forest, suggesting that other factors that covary with soil temperature, such as canopy assimilatory processes, may also influence the diel amplitude of R-s. Lower diel Q(10) values were obtained based on soil temperature measured at shallower depths or with air temperature, but the fit was poorer and a lag was needed to improve the fit (peak R-s followed peak air temperature by several hours), suggesting a role for delayed substrate supply from aboveground processes to affect diel patterns of R-s. High frequency automated R-s datasets afford the opportunity to disentangle the temporal scales at which environmental factors, such as seasonal temperature and phenology, synoptic weather events and soil moisture, and diel variation in temperature and photosynthesis, affect soil respiration processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Savage, Kathleen; Davidson, Eric A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hollinger, David Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Savage, K (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM savage@whrc.org RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64355, 07-DG-11242300-091, DE-FG02-00ER63002]; Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research [DE-FC02-06ER64157] FX The authors would like to thank Holly Hughes for all her efforts at Howland Forest. We also thank the Northeast Wilderness Trust and GMO, LLC for providing access to the research site in Howland, Maine. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement no. DE-AI02-07ER64355, and by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science (BER) grants nos. 07-DG-11242300-091 and DE-FG02-00ER63002, and through the Northeastern Regional Center of the National Institute for Climatic Change Research, grant no. DE-FC02-06ER64157. NR 38 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 11 BP 2012 EP 2021 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.07.008 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 504TJ UT WOS:000270640300022 ER PT J AU Decker, JE Pires, JC Conant, GC Mckay, SD Heaton, MP Chen, KF Cooper, A Vilkki, J Seabury, CM Caetano, AR Johnson, GS Brenneman, RA Hanotte, O Eggert, LS Wiener, P Kim, JJ Kim, KS Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Neibergs, HL McEwan, JC Brauning, R Coutinho, LL Babar, ME Wilson, GA McClure, MC Rolf, MM Kim, J Schnabel, RD Taylor, JF AF Decker, Jared E. Pires, J. Chris Conant, Gavin C. McKay, Stephanie D. Heaton, Michael P. Chen, Kefei Cooper, Alan Vilkki, Johanna Seabury, Christopher M. Caetano, Alexandre R. Johnson, Gary S. Brenneman, Rick A. Hanotte, Olivier Eggert, Lori S. Wiener, Pamela Kim, Jong-Joo Kim, Kwan Suk Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curt P. Neibergs, Holly L. McEwan, John C. Brauning, Rudiger Coutinho, Luiz L. Babar, Masroor E. Wilson, Gregory A. McClure, Matthew C. Rolf, Megan M. Kim, JaeWoo Schnabel, Robert D. Taylor, Jeremy F. TI Resolving the evolution of extant and extinct ruminants with high-throughput phylogenomics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ancient DNA; Pecorans; domestication ID PHYLOGENETIC ACCURACY; GENOME AMPLIFICATION; EUROPEAN CATTLE; MISSING DATA; BOS-TAURUS; DNA; DOMESTICATION; GENOTYPE; ORIGINS; NUMBER AB The Pecorans (higher ruminants) are believed to have rapidly speciated in the Mid-Eocene, resulting in five distinct extant families: Antilocapridae, Giraffidae, Moschidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae. Due to the rapid radiation, the Pecoran phylogeny has proven difficult to resolve, and 11 of the 15 possible rooted phylogenies describing ancestral relationships among the Antilocapridae, Giraffidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae have each been argued as representations of the true phylogeny. Here we demonstrate that a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping platform designed for one species can be used to genotype ancient DNA from an extinct species and DNA from species diverged up to 29 million years ago and that the produced genotypes can be used to resolve the phylogeny for this rapidly radiated infraorder. We used a high-throughput assay with 54,693 SNP loci developed for Bos taurus taurus to rapidly genotype 678 individuals representing 61 Pecoran species. We produced a highly resolved phylogeny for this diverse group based upon 40,843 genome-wide SNP, which is five times as many informative characters as have previously been analyzed. We also establish a method to amplify and screen genomic information from extinct species, and place Bison priscus within the Bovidae. The quality of genotype calls and the placement of samples within a well-supported phylogeny may provide an important test for validating the fidelity and integrity of ancient samples. Finally, we constructed a phylogenomic network to accurately describe the relationships between 48 cattle breeds and facilitate inferences concerning the history of domestication and breed formation. C1 [Decker, Jared E.; Conant, Gavin C.; McKay, Stephanie D.; McClure, Matthew C.; Rolf, Megan M.; Kim, JaeWoo; Schnabel, Robert D.; Taylor, Jeremy F.] Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pires, J. Chris; Eggert, Lori S.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Johnson, Gary S.] Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Heaton, Michael P.] ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Chen, Kefei; Cooper, Alan] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Australian Ctr Ancient DNA, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Vilkki, Johanna] Agrifood Res Finland MTT, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. [Seabury, Christopher M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Caetano, Alexandre R.] Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Brenneman, Rick A.] Henry Doorly Zoo, Omaha, NE 68107 USA. [Hanotte, Olivier] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. [Hanotte, Olivier] Univ Nottingham, Sch Biol, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Wiener, Pamela] Univ Edinburgh, Roslin Inst, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Wiener, Pamela] Univ Edinburgh, RD SVS, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. [Kim, Jong-Joo] Yeungnam Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Gyongsan, South Korea. [Kim, Kwan Suk] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Cheongju, South Korea. [Sonstegard, Tad S.; Van Tassell, Curt P.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Neibergs, Holly L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McEwan, John C.; Brauning, Rudiger] Invermay, AgRes, Anim Genom, Mosgiel, New Zealand. [Coutinho, Luiz L.] ESALQ USP, Dept Zootecnia, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Babar, Masroor E.] Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Livestock Prod, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. [Wilson, Gregory A.] Canadian Wildlife Serv, Edmonton, AB T6B 2X3, Canada. RP Taylor, JF (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM taylorjerr@missouri.edu RI Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012; Cooper, Alan/E-8171-2012; Hanotte, Olivier/B-4669-2013; McEwan, John/A-1143-2008; Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/B-5227-2017; OI Cooper, Alan/0000-0002-7738-7851; McEwan, John/0000-0003-4801-6207; Rodrigues Caetano, Alexandre/0000-0002-3419-7337; Decker, Jared/0000-0001-5685-7343; Brauning, Rudiger/0000-0001-5068-9166; Schnabel, Robert/0000-0001-5018-7641; Pires, J Chris/0000-0001-9682-2639; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Conant, Gavin/0000-0002-8677-4933 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) [2006-35616-16697, 2008-35205-18864, 2008-35205-04687]; Missouri Life Science Research Board [13321]; Australian Research Council [DP0773602]; Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Forestry; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative (NRI) grant nos. 2006-35616-16697, 2008-35205-18864, and 2008-35205-04687 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), 13321 from the Missouri Life Science Research Board and DP0773602 from the Australian Research Council. J.J.K. and K.W.K. were supported by the Technology Development Program for Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea. We acknowledge the contribution of DNA samples from UK breed societies and cattle breeders as well as the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. We appreciate the critical review and useful comments of Alejandro Rooney. We thank Oliva Handt for help constructing ancient bison libraries. Technical assistance was provided by David Morrice and Karen Troup (Ark Genomics, The Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, UK). We gratefully acknowledge access to Bovine HapMap Project genotypes. NR 34 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 49 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 3 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 44 BP 18644 EP 18649 DI 10.1073/pnas.0904691106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 514XM UT WOS:000271429800043 PM 19846765 ER PT J AU Schmidt, S Smith, DR AF Schmidt, Stefan Smith, David R. TI The Australian species of the subfamily Pergulinae, with descriptions of two new Pergula Morice species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pergidae) SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE new species; Pergula; Pergulinae; revision; sawfly AB The Pergulinae occur in South America and Australia with a single genus on each continent. The Australian genus Pergula Morice was known only from a single male of Pergula turneri Morice, 1919, from the south-western part of Western Australia. Two additional species are described, Pergula exilis sp. nov. from Western Australia and Pergula xantha sp. nov. from Queensland and New South Wales. The female of P. xantha is the first female described for the genus, and the species is the first record of the genus for eastern Australia. A key is provided for separation of species. C1 [Schmidt, Stefan] Zool Staatssammlung, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Smith, David R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Schmidt, S (reprint author), Zool Staatssammlung, Munchhausenstr 21, D-81247 Munich, Germany. EM stefan.schmidt@zsm.mwn.de NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1326-6756 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 48 BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2009.00709.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518UJ UT WOS:000271719500007 ER PT J AU Schmidt, S Smith, DR AF Schmidt, Stefan Smith, David R. TI Selandriinae, a subfamily of Tenthredinidae new to Australia, and a review of other Australian Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allantinae; Blennocampinae; Nematinae; new species; sawfly; Selandriinae ID OLIGOSPILUS FORSTER HYMENOPTERA; SYNOPSIS; WILLOWS; AMERICA; SOUTH AB Ten species of Tenthredinidae are now known in Australia. The subfamily Selandriinae is recorded for the first time, with the description of Neostromboceros teres sp. nov. Nematus oligospilus Forster, a Salix-feeding species, is recently adventive in Australia. A new Queensland record is given for Senoclidea purpurata (F. Smith), a species previously recorded as Senoclidea furva (Konow). Four of the 10 species are considered native to Australia, and six of them have been introduced. A key is provided for the 10 species. C1 [Schmidt, Stefan] Zool Staatssammlung, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Smith, David R.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Schmidt, S (reprint author), Zool Staatssammlung, Munchhausenstr 21, D-81247 Munich, Germany. EM stefan.schmidt@zsm.mwn.de NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1326-6756 J9 AUST J ENTOMOL JI Aust. J. Entomol. PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 48 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2009.00710.x PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518UJ UT WOS:000271719500008 ER PT J AU Johnson, GP Petersen, L French, AD Reilly, PJ AF Johnson, Glenn P. Petersen, Luis French, Alfred D. Reilly, Peter J. TI Twisting of glycosidic bonds by hydrolases SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Conformational analysis; Glycoside hydrolases; Glycosidic bonds; Intramolecular energy; Molecular mechanics; Quantum mechanics ID CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CATALYTIC-SITE; DISACCHARIDES; CELLULOSE; PROTEINS; INSIGHTS AB Patterns of scissile bond twisting have been found in crystal structures of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that are complexed with substrates and inhibitors. To estimate the increased potential energy in the substrates that results from this twisting, we have plotted torsion angles for the scissile bonds on hybrid Quantum Mechanics:: Molecular Mechanics energy surfaces. Eight Such maps were constructed, including one for alpha-maltose and three for different forms of methyl alpha-acarviosinide to provide energies for twisting of alpha-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. Maps were also made for beta-thiocellobiose and for three beta-cellobiose conformers having different glycon ring shapes to model distortions of beta-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. Different GH families twist scissile glycosidic bonds differently, increasing their potential energies from 0.5 to 9.5 kcal/mol. In general, the direction of twisting of the glycosidic bond away from the conformation of lowest intramolecular energy correlates with the position (syn or anti) of the proton donor with respect to the glycon's ring oxygen atom. This correlation suggests that glycosidic bond distortion is important for the optimal orientation of one of the glycosidic oxygen lone pairs toward the enzyme's proton donor. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Petersen, Luis; Reilly, Peter J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnson, Glenn P.; French, Alfred D.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Reilly, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 2114 Sweeney Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM reilly@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-35504-18252]; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX LP. and PJ.R. thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture for its financial support through the Biotechnology Byproducts Consortium and through National Research Initiative Grant 2007-35504-18252 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. G.P.J. and A.D.F. were supported by normal funds of the USDA Agricultural Research Service. The authors thank Wim Nerinckx (University of Ghent) for his very helpful advice. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 16 BP 2157 EP 2166 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2009.08.011 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 512MY UT WOS:000271254800007 PM 19733839 ER PT J AU Stortz, CA Johnson, GP French, AD Csonka, GI AF Stortz, Carlos A. Johnson, Glenn P. French, Alfred D. Csonka, Gabor I. TI Comparison of different force fields for the study of disaccharides SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Force field; Disaccharides; Molecular mechanics; Cellobiose; Maltose; Galabiose ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; QUANTUM-CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS; BETA-D-GLUCOSE; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; AB-INITIO; RELATIVE STABILITY; ALPHA-MALTOSE; X-RAY AB Eighteen empirical force fields and the semi-empirical quantum method PM3CARB-1 were compared for studying beta-cellobiose, alpha-maltose, and alpha-galabiose [alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 4)-alpha-D-Galp]. For each disaccharide, the energies of 54 conformers with differing hydroxymethyl, hydroxyl, and glycosidic linkage orientations were minimized by the different methods, some at two dielectric constants. By comparing these results and the available crystal structure data and/or higher level density functional theory results, it was concluded that the newer parameterizations for force fields (GROMOS, GLYCAM06, OPLS-2005 and CSFF) give results that are reasonably similar to each other, whereas the older parameterizations for Amber, CHARM or OPLS were more divergent. However, MM3, an older force field, gave energy and geometry values comparable to those of the newer parameterizations, but with less sensitivity to dielectric constant values. These systems worked better than MM2 variants, which were still acceptable. PM3CARB-1 also gave adequate results in terms of linkage and exocyclic torsion angles. GROMOS, GLYCAM06, and MM3 appear to be the best choices, closely followed by MM4, CSFF, and OPLS-2005. With GLYCAM06 and to a lesser extent, CSFF, and OPLS-2005, a number of the conformers that were stable with MM3 changed to other forms. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stortz, Carlos A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Quim Organ, CIHIDECAR, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Johnson, Glenn P.; French, Alfred D.] USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Csonka, Gabor I.] Tech Univ Budapest, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary. RP Stortz, CA (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Quim Organ, CIHIDECAR, Ciudad Univ, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM stortz@qo.fcen.uba.ar RI Csonka, Gabor/A-8225-2008 OI Csonka, Gabor/0000-0001-5701-4401 FU UBA; CONICET; Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This work was supported by grants from UBA and CONICET (C.A.S.), and normal research funds from the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (A.D.F. and GYJ.). C.A.S. is a Research Member of the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). NR 100 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD NOV 2 PY 2009 VL 344 IS 16 BP 2217 EP 2228 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2009.08.019 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 512MY UT WOS:000271254800015 PM 19758584 ER PT J AU Brown, JW AF Brown, John W. TI The discovery of Megalota in the Neotropics, with a revision of the New World species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutini) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Olethreutinae; new species; new combinations; genitalia; hairpencil; host plants; Croton; Euphorbiaceae; biogeography ID MADAGASCAR; MIGRATION AB Megalota Diakonoff, previously known from the Indoaustralian Region ( India, Sri Lanka, New Guinea, and Australia), Madagascar, and Africa, is reported from the Neotropics for the first time. Three previously described New World species (i.e., Megalota submicans (Walsingham), n. comb.; M. delphinosema ( Walsingham), n. comb.; and M. plenana ( Walker), n. comb.) were concealed within incorrect generic assignments or as "unplaced" species (i.e., lacking contemporary generic assignments). Twenty-one new species are described and illustrated: M. synchysis (TL: Venezuela), M. peruviana (Peru), M. aquilonaris ( Mexico), M. vulgaris ( Costa Rica), M. cacaulana ( Brazil), M. macrosocia ( Ecuador), M. ochreoapex ( Costa Rica), M. spinulosa ( Costa Rica), M. simpliciana ( Costa Rica), M. jamaicana ( Jamaica), M. ricana ( Costa Rica), M. ceratovalva ( Venezuela), M. bicolorana ( Costa Rica), M. longisetana ( Costa Rica), M. deceptana ( Costa Rica), M. crassana ( Costa Rica), M. gutierrezi ( Costa Rica), M. chamelana ( Mexico), M. beckeri ( Brazil), M. flintana ( Brazil), and M. pastranai ( Argentina). Males of the genus are characterized by three distinctive features of the genitalia: the uncus consists of a pair of greatly expanded, flattened, variably round or square lobes, densely covered with spines and setae; the valvae are narrow with an elongate, apically spined process arising from the base of the costa; and the juxta is membranous with a narrowly sclerotized U- or J-shaped posterior edge. Five species have been reared from Croton spp. ( Euphorbiaceae) in Costa Rica, and this is consistent with a single record of this host for an Australian species of Megalota. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD NOV 2 PY 2009 IS 2279 BP 1 EP 50 PG 50 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 513MV UT WOS:000271327300001 ER PT J AU Mercader, RJ Siegert, NW Liebhold, AM McCullough, DG AF Mercader, Rodrigo J. Siegert, Nathan W. Liebhold, Andrew M. McCullough, Deborah G. TI Dispersal of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in newly-colonized sites SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biological invasions; Buprestidae; insect dispersal; invasive forest pest AB Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an invasive forest insect pest threatening more than 8 billion ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America. Development of effective survey methods and strategies to slow the spread of A. planipennis requires an understanding of dispersal, particularly in recently established satellite populations. We assessed the dispersal of A. planipennis beetles over a single generation at two sites by intensively sampling ash trees at known distances from infested ash logs, the point source of the infestations. Larval density was recorded from more than 100 trees at each site. Density of A. planipennis larvae by distance for one site was fit to the Ricker function, inverse power function, and the negative exponential function using a maximum likelihood approach. The prediction of the best model, a negative exponential function, was compared with the results from both sites. The present study demonstrates that larval densities rapidly declined with distance, and that most larvae (88.9 and 90.3%) were on trees within 100 m of the emergence point of the adults at each site. The larval distribution pattern observed at both sites was adequately described by the negative exponential function. C1 [Mercader, Rodrigo J.; Siegert, Nathan W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. [McCullough, Deborah G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Forestry, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Mercader, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, 243 Nat Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mercade2@msu.edu RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; Mercader, Rodrigo/L-6550-2015 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; Mercader, Rodrigo/0000-0002-4904-2805 FU USDA Forest Service, NA FHP FX We gratefully acknowledge David Cappaert and Andrea Anulewicz (MSU) and Dr Therese Poland (USDA Forest Service) for their many contributions. Data collection at Tipton would not have been possible without the assistance provided by volunteers from MSU, the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, the MI Department of Agriculture, the MI Department of Natural Resources, the IN Department of Natural Resources and Ohio State Extension. Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service, NA FHP. NR 11 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 11 IS 4 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00451.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 508AR UT WOS:000270899700007 ER PT J AU Nehring, R Gillespie, J Sandretto, C Hallahan, C AF Nehring, Richard Gillespie, Jeffrey Sandretto, Carmen Hallahan, Charlie TI Small US dairy farms: can they compete? SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Q12; Pasture-based system; Technical efficiency; Returns to scale; Dairy ID MANAGEMENT; PASTURE; SYSTEMS; AGRICULTURE AB The U.S. dairy industry is undergoing rapid structural change, evolving from a structure including many small farmers in the Upper Midwest and Northeast to one that includes very large farms in new production regions. Small farms are struggling to retain competitiveness via improved management and low-input systems. Using data from USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Survey, we determine the extent of U.S. conventional and pasture-based milk production during 2003-2007, and estimate net returns, scale efficiency, and technical efficiency associated with the systems across different operation sizes. We compare the financial performance of small conventional and pasture-based producers with one another and with large-scale producers. A stochastic production frontier is used to analyze performance over the period for conventional and pasture technologies identified using a binomial logit model. Large conventional farms generally outperformed smaller farms using most economic measures-technical efficiency, various profitability measures, and returns to scale. C1 [Gillespie, Jeffrey] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Nehring, Richard; Sandretto, Carmen; Hallahan, Charlie] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Gillespie, J (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Agribusiness, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jmgille@lsu.edu NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 40 IS 6 BP 817 EP 825 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2009.00418.x PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 524EP UT WOS:000272126900010 ER PT J AU Ayars, JE Shouse, P Lesch, SM AF Ayars, James E. Shouse, Peter Lesch, Scott M. TI In situ use of groundwater by alfalfa SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Groundwater; In situ use; Alfalfa; Drainage; Irrigation management; Crop water ID SALINE DRAINAGE WATER; COTTON; IRRIGATION; GROWTH AB Disposal of saline drainage water is a significant problem for irrigated agriculture. One proposal is to recycle drainage water to irrigate salt tolerant crops until the volume has been reduced sufficiently to enable final disposal by evaporation. Part of this concept requires in situ crop water reuse from shallow groundwater: and data is needed to quantify the potential use of groundwater by alternative crops. A column lysimeter study was initiated to determine the potential crop water use from shallow groundwater by alfalfa as a function of groundwater quality and depth to groundwater. The results demonstrated that up to 50% of the crop water use could be met from shallow groundwater (< 1.2 m) with an electrical conductivity less than 4 dS/m, and that the potential crop water use from deeper groundwater (2 m) increased over the years. The columns with high salinity (>4 dS/m) in the shallow groundwater experienced increased salinity in the soil profile with time, which resulted in reduced crop water use from shallow groundwater. Yields decreased with time as the groundwater salinity increased and periodic leaching will be required for in situ use to be a sustainable practice. Statistical analysis of crop yield demonstrated that there was significant use of groundwater with an EC of 6 dS/rn for a few years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ayars, James E.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Shouse, Peter] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Lesch, Scott M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Env Sci & Stat Collaboratory, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Ayars, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM jayars@fresno.ars.usda.gov; pshouse@ussl.ars.usda.gov; scottlesch@ucr.edu NR 24 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1579 EP 1586 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.06.012 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 498AB UT WOS:000270106000011 ER PT J AU Jarecki, MK Parkin, TB Chan, ASK Kaspar, TC Moorman, TB Singer, JW Kerr, BJ Hatfield, JL Jones, R AF Jarecki, Marek K. Parkin, Timothy B. Chan, Alvarus S. K. Kaspar, Thomas C. Moorman, Thomas B. Singer, Jeremy W. Kerr, Brian J. Hatfield, Jerry L. Jones, Raymond TI Cover crop effects on nitrous oxide emission from a manure-treated Mollisol SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE N(2)O emissions; Cover crop; Manure; N fertilization; Corn-soybean; NO(3) leaching ID SOIL NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; SURFACE APPLICATION; FLUXES; N2O; DENITRIFICATION; INJECTION; SYSTEMS; MIDWEST; FIELDS AB Agriculture contributes 40-60% of the total annual N(2)O emissions to the atmosphere. Development of management practices to reduce these emissions would have a significant impact on greenhouse gas levels. Non-leguminous cover crops are efficient scavengers of residual soil NO(3), thereby reducing leaching losses. However, the effect of a grass cover crop on N(2)O emissions from soil receiving liquid swine manure has not been evaluated. This study investigated: (i) the temporal patterns of N(2)O emissions following addition of swine manure slurry in a laboratory setting under fluctuating soil moisture regimes; (ii) assessed the potential of a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop to decrease N(2)O emissions under these conditions: and (iii) quantified field N(2)O emissions in response to either spring applied urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) or different rates of fall-applied liquid swine manure, in the presence or absence of a rye/oat winter cover crop. Laboratory experiments investigating cover crop effects N(2)O emissions were performed in a controlled environment chamber programmed fora 14 h light period, 18 degrees C day temperature, and 15 degrees C night temperature. Treatments with or without a living rye cover crop were treated with either: (i) no manure: (ii) a phosphorus-based manure application rate (low manure): or (iii) a nitrogen-based manure application rate (high manure). We observed a significant reduction in N(2)O emissions in the presence of the rye cover crop. Field experiments were performed on a fine-loamy soil in Central Iowa from October 12, 2005 to October 2, 2006. We observed no significant effect of the cover crop on cumulative N(2)O emissions in the field. The primary factor influencing N(2)O emission was N application rate, regardless of form or timing. The response of N(2)O emission to N additions was non-linear, with progressively more N(2)O emitted with increasing N application. These results indicate that while cover crops have the potential to reduce N(2)O emissions, N application rate may be the overriding factor. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Parkin, Timothy B.; Kaspar, Thomas C.; Moorman, Thomas B.; Singer, Jeremy W.; Kerr, Brian J.; Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Jarecki, Marek K.; Chan, Alvarus S. K.; Jones, Raymond] AgCert USA Inc, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tim.parkin@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 9 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 134 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.05.008 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502QN UT WOS:000270475200007 ER PT J AU Mckay, DL AF McKay, Diane L. TI Can hibiscus tea lower blood pressure? SO AGRO FOOD INDUSTRY HI-TECH LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS EXTRACT; CLINICAL-TRIAL; ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; CARDIAC-HYPERTROPHY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; SABDARIFFA; CONSUMPTION; RATS; METAANALYSIS; ANTHOCYANIN AB Hibiscus sabdariffa is a common ingredient found in blended herbal teas, and beverages made from the dried calyces of this plant are popular worldwide. In vitro studies have shown that H. sabdariffa has antioxidant properties and, in animal models of hypertension, extracts of this plant lower blood pressure. Its anti-hypertensive effects have also been examined in a limited number of human intervention trials. The mechanisms of action of hibiscus may be related to the vasorelaxant, diuretic, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activities of its polyphenolic constituents. Further studies, including properly controlled clinical trials, are essential to fully substantiate the blood pressure-lowering effects of H. sabdariffa. C1 Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mckay, DL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Komsa, Ildiko/G-7751-2011 NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU TEKNOSCIENZE PUBL PI MILANO PA VIALE BRIANZA 22, 20127 MILANO, ITALY SN 1722-6996 J9 AGRO FOOD IND HI TEC JI Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 20 IS 6 BP 40 EP 42 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 548PG UT WOS:000273978100016 ER PT J AU Rojas-Martinez, RI Zavaleta-Mejia, E Lee, IM Aragon-Garcia, A AF Rojas-Martinez, Reyna I. Zavaleta-Mejia, Emma Lee, Ing-Ming Aragon-Garcia, Agustin TI IDENTIFICATION OF AN ISOLATE FROM GROUP 16SRIII, Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni IN PLANTS AND SEEDS OF AMARANTH (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) IN MEXICO SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE Amaranthus; Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni; chain reaction of the polymerase; RFLP ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; CLASSIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION; MOLLICUTES; DISEASE; LEAVES; GENE; DNA AB Recently in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, the "witches' broom syndrome" (proliferation of shoots and reduction of internodes) was observed in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.). This symptomatology in the field is uniformly distributed in the plantation rather than randomly or in patches, and the most severe damage is in the panicle which contains the seeds, generating considerable losses in the harvest. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of phytoplasmas in plants with symptoms of witches' broom syndrome and in seeds from diseased plants. In all of the samples that were processed an associated phytoplasma was found pertaining to the group 16Sr III, according to the results of the comparison of the patterns generated with enzymes of restriction of the products amplified by PCR. The sequences of the products obtained presented similarity of 98% with the phylogenic group 16Sr III Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni. C1 [Rojas-Martinez, Reyna I.; Zavaleta-Mejia, Emma] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. [Lee, Ing-Ming] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Aragon-Garcia, Agustin] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Ciencias, Dept Agroecol & Ambiente, Puebla 72570, Mexico. RP Rojas-Martinez, RI (reprint author), Colegio Postgrad, Campus Montecillo,Km 36-5,Carretera Mexico Texcoc, Montecillo 56230, Estado Mexico, Mexico. EM rojas@colpos.mx NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 43 IS 8 BP 851 EP 860 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 531TP UT WOS:000272692000008 ER PT J AU Baker, JT McMichael, B Burke, JJ Gitz, DC Lascano, RJ Ephrath, JE AF Baker, Jeffrey T. McMichael, Bobbie Burke, John J. Gitz, Dennis C. Lascano, Robert J. Ephrath, Jhonathan E. TI Sand Abrasion Injury and Biomass Partitioning in Cotton Seedlings SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; WINDBLOWN SAND; WIND; PLANTS; SURVIVAL; MODELS; FIELD AB Windblown soil particle abrasion negatively impacts millions of hectares of crops annually. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of wind and wind blown sand abrasion damage on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedling biomass partitioning to leaves, stems, and roots. Seedlings of three cotton cultivars were exposed to no wind (untreated controls) or sand abrasive flux densities of 0, 0.1, 0.25,0.35, and 0.5 g cm(-1) width s(-1) at a wind velocity of 13.4 m s(-1) in a suction-type laboratory wind runnel. Plants were destructively sampled at the time of the sand abrasion treatment and at approximately 2 and 4 wk after exposure. These three sampling dates provided two time intervals for assessing the amount of plant damage and regrowth using classical growth analysis. With increasing sand, abrasive flux density, whole plant, leaf, stem, and root biomass, as well as leaf area, were all reduced in both harvest intervals (P <= 0.05). Net assimilation rate (NAR) accounted for 96 and 75% of the variability in relative growth rate (RGR) in the first and second harvest intervals, respectively, with small but significant differences in leaf area ratio (LAR). Increasing plant damage caused by sand abrasion treatment resulted in preferential biomass partitioning to the damaged stems rather than roots during the first harvest interval, while a much more stable allometric allocation of biomass among plant organs was observed in the second harvest interval. C1 [Baker, Jeffrey T.] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. [McMichael, Bobbie; Burke, John J.; Gitz, Dennis C.; Lascano, Robert J.] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Ephrath, Jhonathan E.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Wyler Dept Dryland Agr, IL-84990 Midreshet Ben Gurion, Israel. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 302 West I-20, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. EM Jeff.Baker@ars.usda.gov RI EPHRATH, JHONATHAN/F-1768-2012 FU Cotton Incorporated project [05-722] FX The technical support of Cathy Lester and Charles Yates in conducting these experiments is gratefully acknowledged. The authors wish to thank Cotton Incorporated project No. 05-722 for their continued support of this project. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1297 EP 1303 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0052 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200001 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Tewolde, H Sistani, KR Rowe, DE AF Adeli, A. Tewolde, H. Sistani, K. R. Rowe, D. E. TI Broiler Litter Fertilization and Cropping System Impacts on Soil Properties SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; MANURE APPLICATIONS; CONTINUOUS COTTON; TILLAGE COTTON; POULTRY LITTER; ROTATION; CORN; QUALITY AB Understanding the effects of management practices on soil properties is necessary because soil properties are directly related to the capacity of soil to function. Soil physical, chemical and biological properties were determined after 3 yr in three cropping sequences [continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (CCC), cotton-corn (Zea mays L.)-cotton (CMC), and corn-cotton-cotton (MCC) each at four broiler litter fertilization rates (0, 4.5, 9, and 13.4 Mg ha(-1)) to a soil depth of 15 cm on a Catalpa silty clay loam soil in Verona, MS. Inorganic N fertilizer was applied at the rate of 123 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) to cotton and 180 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) to corn. Averaged across crop sequences, broiler litter application significantly increased soil nutrient concentrations, microbial biomass C (MBC), total porosity, and aggregate stability (AS). The inclusion of corn into rotation with cotton increased soil MBC, AS, and reduced bulk density (D(b)). Application of broiler litter at rate greater than 9 Mg ha(-1) to CCC resulted in increasing NO(3)-N concentration at the lower 30-cm depth and P accumulation by fourfold at the 0- to 5-cm depth. Rotating cotton with corn in this study improved soil quality parameters and decreased NO(3)-N and P accumulation at the soil surface by approximately 24 and 20%, respectively. Hence, corn is sown in rotation with cotton in Mississippi, the Mississippian cotton industry could potentially improve soil organic carbon, nutrient cycling, and soil quality if broiler litter is used as the nutrient source. C1 [Adeli, A.; Tewolde, H.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sistani, K. R.] USDA ARS Anim Waste Management, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Rowe, D. E.] Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, 810 Hwy 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM ardeshir.adeli@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1304 EP 1310 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0150 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200002 ER PT J AU Interrante, SM Sollenberger, LE Blount, AR Coleman, SW White, UR Liu, K AF Interrante, S. M. Sollenberger, L. E. Blount, A. R. Coleman, S. W. White, U. R. Liu, K. TI Defoliation Management of Bahiagrass Germplasm Affects Cover and Persistence-Related Responses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIGHT INTERCEPTION; RESERVE STATUS; POPULATIONS; YIELD; CARBOHYDRATE; PERFORMANCE; PASTURES; GROWTH; PLANT AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) cultivars are valued for their persistence under grazing and low management inputs. However, they are daylength-sensitive and have minimal cool-season production, resulting in high winter feeding costs in forage-based livestock systems. New germplasm is less daylength-sensitive, possesses greater cold tolerance, and is more productive during the cool season, but its persistence under defoliation is unknown. A field experiment quantified cover and persistence-related responses of photoperiod-sensitive bahiagrass (diploids 'Pensacola' and 'Tifton 9' and tetraploids 'Argentine' and Tifton 7) and a less photoperiod-sensitive, cold-adapted (PCA) diploid bahiagrass (Cycle 4) at two stubble heights (4 and 8 cm) and two harvest frequencies (7 and 21 d). Argentine cover was unaffected by defoliation treatments, but harvesting every 7 d to 4 cm for 3 yr resulted in <40% cover for both Tifton 9 and Cycle 4. Averaging over defoliation treatments, stem base mass of Pensacola and Argentine was 60% greater than Cycle 4. At 4- and 8-cm stubble heights, the advantage was 86 and 41%, respectively. When defoliated every 7 d, Pensacola and Argentine stein base mass was 125% greater than Cycle 4, while the difference was 23% for the 21-d treatment. Similar but less-pronounced responses were observed for N and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content of stem base and root + rhizome fractions. Defoliation management of PCA Cycle 4 is more critical than for Pensacola and Argentine bahiagrass, and longer regrowth intervals and taller residual heights may be required to ensure its persistence. C1 [Sollenberger, L. E.; Liu, K.] Univ Florida, Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Interrante, S. M.] Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Blount, A. R.] N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. [Coleman, S. W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [White, U. R.] Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Wauchula, FL 33873 USA. RP Sollenberger, LE (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lesollen@ufl.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1381 EP 1387 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0126 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200010 ER PT J AU Siri-Prieto, G Reeves, DW Raper, RL AF Siri-Prieto, G. Reeves, D. W. Raper, R. L. TI Tillage Requirements for Integrating Winter-Annual Grazing in Peanut Production: Plant Water Status and Productivity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; DROUGHT; FERTILIZATION; ROTATION; SYSTEM AB The use of crop rotation systems involving winter-annual grazing can help peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) producers increase profitability, although winter-annual grazing could result in excessive soil compaction, which can severely limit yields. We conducted a 3-yr field study on a Dothan loamy sand in southeastern Alabama to develop a conservation tillage system for integrating peanut with winter-annual grazing of stocker cattle under dryland conditions. Winter-annual forages and tillage systems were evaluated in a strip-plot design, where winter forages were oat (Avena sativa L.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium mutiflorum L.). Tillage systems included moldboard and chisel plowing, and combinations of noninversion deep tillage (none, in-row subsoil, or paratill) with/without disking. We evaluated soil water content, peanut leaf stomatal conductance, plant density, peanut yield, peanut net return, and total system annual net return. Peanut following oat increased soil water extraction (15%), stands (12%), and yields (21%) compared with peanut following ryegrass. Strict no-till resulted in the lowest yields (2.29 Mg ha(-1), 42% less than the mean) and noninversion deep tillage (especially in-row subsoil) was required to maximize water use and yields with conservation tillage. Net return from annual grazing ($185 ha(-1), USD) represented 40% of the total return for the best treatment (no-tillage with in-row subsoil following oat = $462 ha(-1)). Integrating winter-annual grazing in this region using noninversion deep tillage following oat in a conservation tillage system can benefit peanut growers, allowing extra income without sacrificing peanut yields. C1 [Siri-Prieto, G.] Univ Republ, Prod Vegetal Fac Agron, Paysandu, Uruguay. [Reeves, D. W.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Raper, R. L.] USDA ARS, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Siri-Prieto, G (reprint author), Univ Republ, Prod Vegetal Fac Agron, Ruta 3 Km 363,CP 60000, Paysandu, Uruguay. EM siriprieto@fagro.edu.uy NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1408 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0116 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200013 ER PT J AU Young, SL Pierce, FJ Streubel, JD Collins, HP AF Young, Stephen L. Pierce, Francis J. Streubel, Jason D. Collins, Harold P. TI Performance of Solid-State Sensors for Continuous, Real-Time Measurement of Soil CO2 Concentrations SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATION; FOREST; EFFLUX; ROOTS AB Recent advances in sensor technology provide a robust capability for continuous measurement of soil gases. The performance of solid-state CO2 sensors (Model GMM220 series, Vaisala, Inc., Helsinki, Finland) was evaluated in laboratory, greenhouse, and irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In ambient CO2 concentration, the GMM222 sensor averaged 427 +/- 8.3 mu L L-1. Under variable CO2 concentrations, the sensor was slightly lower than concentrations measured with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). In greenhouse pots planted with triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) and an agricultural field of irrigated winter wheat, soil CO2 concentration exceeded the 10,000 mu L L-1 limit of the GMM222. Alternatively, the GMM221 sensor, designed to measure between 0 and 20,000 showed soil CO2 concentrations were between 14,000 and 16,000 mu L L-1. The GMM222 accurately measures real-time soil CO2 concentrations under field conditions that were within the sensor detection limit. However, periods of high biological soil activity require the GMM221 sensor with a higher detection limit. C1 [Young, Stephen L.; Pierce, Francis J.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Precis Agr Syst, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Streubel, Jason D.; Collins, Harold P.] USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Young, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Precis Agr Syst, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM steve_young@wsu.edu FU USDA [2007-3510718279] FX This research was supported in part by a grant from the USDA CREES National Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2007-3510718279. Project proposal: 2007-03159. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1417 EP 1420 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0210N PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200015 ER PT J AU Clay, SA Clay, DE Horvath, DP Pullis, J Carlson, CG Hansen, S Reicks, G AF Clay, S. A. Clay, D. E. Horvath, D. P. Pullis, J. Carlson, C. G. Hansen, S. Reicks, G. TI Corn Response to Competition: Growth Alteration vs. Yield Limiting Factors SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHADE-AVOIDANCE RESPONSES; C-13 DISCRIMINATION; ABSCISIC-ACID; INTERFERENCE RELATIONSHIPS; STOMATAL CLOSURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; NITROGEN; LIGHT; WATER; PHYTOCHROME AB Competition mechanisms among adjacent plants are not well understood. This study compared corn growth and yield responses to water, N, and shade at 74,500 plants ha(-1) (1x) with responses to water and N when planted at 149,000 plant ha(-1). Plant biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content, reflectance, and enzyme expression (transcriptome analysis) were measured at V-12. Grain and stover yields were measured with grain analyzed for (13)C isotopic discrimination (A) and N concentration. At V-12, 60% shade plants had increased chlorophyll and reduced leaf area and height compared to full sun plants. In the 2x treatment, plants had 11% less chlorophyll than 1x plants with leaf area and height similar to 60% shade plants. At harvest, plants in the 2x treatment were smaller, had increased water and N use efficiency, and an 11% per hectare yield increase compared with the 1x unstressed treatment. Per-plant yields from 60% shade and 2x treatments were 50% less than 1x unstressed treatment. Yield reduction in shaded plants was attributed to light stress. Lower yield in the 2x treatment was attributed to a population-density induced 20% decrease in the red/near-infrared (NIR) ratio,which resulted in downregulation of C(4) carbon metabolism enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase). Although the net impact of high plant density and shade stress on per-plant yield were similar, the stress compensation mechanisms differed. C1 [Clay, S. A.; Clay, D. E.; Carlson, C. G.; Hansen, S.; Reicks, G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Horvath, D. P.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Pullis, J.] Michigan State Univ, Rogers City, MI 49779 USA. RP Clay, SA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM sharon.clay@sdstate.edu OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 FU South Dakota Corn Utilization Council; South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council; USDA-CSREES-seed technology [2008-34556-19350]; South Dakota 2010 initiative; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2009-35320-0540] FX Support for this project was provided by the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council, South Dakota Soybean Research and Promotion Council, USDA-CSREES-seed technology grant (2008-34556-19350), South Dakota 2010 initiative, USDA-CSREES-NRI (2009-35320-0540). NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1522 EP 1529 DI 10.2134/agronj2008.0213x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200026 ER PT J AU Amer, KH Midan, SA Hatfield, JL AF Amer, Kamal H. Midan, Sally A. Hatfield, Jerry L. TI Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Fertilization on Cucumber SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRIP IRRIGATION; CROP YIELD; WATER-USE; MANAGEMENT; EFFICIENCY; SCHEDULES; DESIGN AB Soil water budgets are essential in determining the proper timing and amount of irrigation. Organic fertilizers can be substituted for commercial fertilizers; however, information is sparse on the interaction of irrigation management and nutrient source on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production. This study evaluated nutrient source and irrigation management on growth and yield of cucumber grown in the arid area of Egypt. A field experiment was conducted using cucumber grown in northern Egypt at Shibin El-Kom in 2006 and 2007 to evaluate water use and fertilizer rate and type. Three irrigation deficits and seven fertilization types were arranged in a randomized split-plot design with irrigation rates as main plots and fertilizer treatments within irrigation rates. Irrigation treatments were a ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ET) as: 1.0 ET, 0.84 ET, and 0.64 ET. Fertilizer treatments were applied at the recommended rate of N either as a commercial fertilizer or with organic manure. Chlorophyll a and b, leaf area index, and yield were greatest with the lowest ratios of male to female flowers when adequate water and high N were used (1.0 ET with chicken manure at 7 Mg/ha). Seasonal water use was 498 and 471 mm for 1.0 ET in 2006 and 2007 plantings over the 125 d growing season, respectively. The yield reduction coefficient averaged 0.77. An optimal scheduling was statistically developed based on crop response in deficit irrigation to achieve maximum yield for different uniformity coefficient variation values. Cucumber performance was significantly affected by both irrigation and nutrient deficiencies. C1 [Amer, Kamal H.; Midan, Sally A.; Hatfield, Jerry L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1556 EP 1564 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0112 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200030 ER PT J AU Mirsky, SB Curran, WS Mortensen, DA Ryan, MR Shumway, DL AF Mirsky, Steven B. Curran, William S. Mortensen, David A. Ryan, Matthew R. Shumway, Durland L. TI Control of Cereal Rye with a Roller/Crimper as Influenced by Cover Crop Phenology SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; VETCH VICIA-VILLOSA; WINTER-WHEAT; WEED EMERGENCE; FALL GROWTH; SOIL-WATER; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE; DATE AB Adoption of reduced tillage practices have been driven by the need to enhance soil quality, minimize field labor time, and scale up farm size. However, concerns about increased reliance on herbicides and demand for organically grown foods call for adoption of production practices that can reduce both tillage and herbicide use. This research study assessed the influence of planting and termination dates on mechanical cover crop control efficacy to limit tillage and herbicide use using a roller/crimper. A thermal-based phenological model using growing degree days (GDD; base 4.4 degrees C) was developed to predict cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) growth stage. Mechanical control of cereal rye increased as rye matured. Variations in cereal rye cultivar growth rates were observed; however, they responded similarly to rolling when terminated at the same growth stage. Consistent control was achieved at a Zadoks growth stage 61 (rye anthesis). A thermal-based phenological model separating the effects of heat units accumulated in the fall (Fall(GDD)) from those accumulated in the spring (Spring(GDD)) best predicted the phenological development of cereal rye. Predicting when cereal rye can be successfully controlled using a roller/crimper along with the use of the thermal-based phenological model should aid growers in decision-making regarding cereal rye planting and termination dates. C1 [Mirsky, Steven B.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Curran, William S.; Mortensen, David A.; Ryan, Matthew R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Shumway, Durland L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Mirsky, SB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, BARC W, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 001,Rm 117, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM steven.mirsky@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1589 EP 1596 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0130 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518GG UT WOS:000271678200034 ER PT J AU Shea, MK Gundberg, CM Meigs, JB Dallal, GE Saltzman, E Yoshida, M Jacques, PF Booth, SL AF Shea, M. Kyla Gundberg, Caren M. Meigs, James B. Dallal, Gerard E. Saltzman, Edward Yoshida, Makiko Jacques, Paul F. Booth, Sarah L. TI gamma-Carboxylation of osteocalcin and insulin resistance in older men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-K SUPPLEMENTATION; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; BETA-CELL; ADIPONECTIN; METABOLISM AB Background: The skeletal protein osteocalcin is gamma-carboxylated by vitamin K. High serum uncarboxylated osteocalcin reflects low vitamin K status. In vitro and animal studies indicate that high uncarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with reduced insulin resistance. However, associations between osteocalcin and measures of insulin resistance in humans are less clear. Objective: Our aim was to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between circulating forms of osteocalcin (total, uncarboxylated, and carboxylated) and insulin resistance in older men and women. Design: Cross-sectional associations between serum measures of total osteocalcin, carboxylated osteocalcin, and uncarboxylated osteocalcin and insulin resistance were examined in 348 nondiabetic men and women (mean age: 68 y; 58% female) by using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Associations between each form of osteocalcin at baseline and 3-y change in HOMA-IR were examined in 162 adults (mean age: 69 y; 63% female) who did not receive vitamin K supplementation. Results: Lower circulating uncarboxylated osteocalcin was not associated with higher HOMA-IR at baseline or at 3-y follow-up. Those in the lowest tertiles of total osteocalcin and carboxylated osteocalcin at baseline had higher baseline HOMA-IR (P = 0.006 and P = 0.02, respectively). The concentration of carboxylated osteocalcin at baseline was inversely associated with a 3-y change in HOMA-IR (P = 0.002). Conclusions: In older adults, circulating uncarboxylated osteocalcin was not associated with insulin resistance. In contrast, elevated carboxylated osteocalcin and total osteocalcin were associated with lower insulin resistance, which supports a potential link between skeletal physiology and insulin resistance in humans. The role of vitamin K status in this association remains unclear and merits further investigation. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00183001. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 1230-5. C1 [Shea, M. Kyla; Dallal, Gerard E.; Saltzman, Edward; Yoshida, Makiko; Jacques, Paul F.; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gundberg, Caren M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, New Haven, CT USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU GlaxoSmithKline; Sanofi-Aventis FX The authors' responsibilities were as follows-SLB: designed the study and contributed to the design of the analyses, the interpretation of the data, and the writing of the manuscript; MKS: performed the statistical analyses and drafted the manuscript; and CMG, JBM, GED, ES, MY, and PFJ: contributed to the design of the analyses, the interpretation of the data, and the writing of the manuscript. JBM currently has research grants from GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi-Aventis and serves on consultancy boards for Eli Lilly, Interleukin Genetics, Kalypsis, and Outcomes Sciences. MKS, CMG, ES, PFJ, MY, GED, and SLB had no conflicts of interest. NR 19 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1230 EP 1235 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28151 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 508TO UT WOS:000270959500017 PM 19776145 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Lewis, RD Steinberg, FM Murray, MJ Cramer, MA Amato, P Young, RL Barnes, S Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Fraley, JK Konzelmann, KL Fischer, JG Smith, EO AF Wong, William W. Lewis, Richard D. Steinberg, Francene M. Murray, Michael J. Cramer, Margaret A. Amato, Paula Young, Ronald L. Barnes, Stephen Ellis, Kenneth J. Shypailo, Roman J. Fraley, J. Kennard Konzelmann, Karen L. Fischer, Joan G. Smith, E. O'Brian TI Soy isoflavone supplementation and bone mineral density in menopausal women: a 2-y multicenter clinical trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETERS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; DOUBLE-BLIND; OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AB Background: Isoflavones are naturally occurring plant estrogens that are abundant in soy. Although purported to protect against bone loss, the efficacy of soy isoflavone supplementation in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women remains controversial. Objective: Our aim was to test the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on bone health. Design: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-mo trial was conducted to assess the effects of daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg of soy hypocotyl aglycone isoflavones plus calcium and vitamin D on bone changes in 403 postmenopausal women. Study subjects were tested annually and changes in whole-body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and T scores were assessed. Changes in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism were also assessed. Results: After study site, soy intake, and pretreatment values were controlled for, subjects receiving a daily supplement with 120 mg soy isoflavones had a statistically significant smaller reduction in whole-body BMD than did the placebo group both at 1 y (P < 0.03) and at 2 y (P < 0.05) of treatment. Smaller decreases in whole-body BMD T score were observed among this group of women at 1 y ( P, 0.03) but not at 2 y of treatment. When compared with the placebo, soy isoflavone supplementation had no effect on changes in regional BMD, BMC, T scores, or biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Conclusion: Daily supplementation with 120 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones reduces whole-body bone loss but does not slow bone loss at common fracture sites in healthy postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials. gov as NCT00665860. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 1433-9. C1 [Wong, William W.; Amato, Paula; Young, Ronald L.; Ellis, Kenneth J.; Shypailo, Roman J.; Fraley, J. Kennard; Konzelmann, Karen L.; Smith, E. O'Brian] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Lewis, Richard D.; Cramer, Margaret A.; Fischer, Joan G.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Steinberg, Francene M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Murray, Michael J.] Kaiser Fdn Res Inst, Sacramento, CA USA. [Barnes, Stephen] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wwong@bcm.edu FU US Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and the Extension Service/Initiatives for Future Agriculture and Food Systems [2001-52102-11255]; NIH General Clinical Research Center [M01-RR00188] FX Supported by the US Department of Agriculture/Cooperative State Research, Education, and the Extension Service/Initiatives for Future Agriculture and Food Systems ( grant no. 2001-52102-11255) and by the NIH General Clinical Research Center ( grant no. M01-RR00188). The soy isoflavone material was provided by Frutarum Netherlands BV (Veenendaal, Netherlands). The placebo and isoflavone tablets were manufactured and packaged by Pharma Consulting & Industries BV (Eede, Netherlands). The one-a-day multivitamin supplement was provided by Swanson Health Products, Fargo, ND. The calcium carbonate supplement was provided by Source Naturals, Scotts Valley, CA. NR 40 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 5 BP 1433 EP 1439 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28001 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 508TO UT WOS:000270959500042 PM 19759166 ER PT J AU Han, CT Schoene, NW Lei, KY AF Han, Chung-Ting Schoene, Norberta W. Lei, Kai Y. TI Influence of zinc deficiency on Akt-Mdm2-p53 and Akt-p21 signaling axes in normal and malignant human prostate cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE zinc status; cell cycle progression; signal transduction ID I GENE-EXPRESSION; HEP G2 CELLS; NF-KAPPA-B; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CANCER-CELLS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; CASPASE-3 ACTIVITY; PROTEIN STABILITY; P53; AKT AB Han CT, Schoene NW, Lei KY. Influence of zinc deficiency on Akt-Mdm2-p53 and Akt-p21 signaling axes in normal and malignant human prostate cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297: C1188-C1199, 2009. First published August 5, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00042.2009.Phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), a phosphoinositide-3-OH-kinase-activated protein kinase, is highly expressed in prostate tumors. p-Akt can indirectly hinder p53-dependent growth suppression and apoptosis by phosphorylating Mdm2. Alternatively, p-Akt can directly phosphorylate p21 and restrict it to the cytoplasm for degradation. Because the prostate is the highest zinc-accumulating tissue before the onset of cancer, the effects of physiological levels of zinc on Akt-Mdm2-p53 and Akt-p21 signaling axes in human normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) and malignant prostate LNCaP cells were examined in the present study. Cells were cultured for 6 days in low-zinc growth medium supplemented with 0 [zinc-deficient (ZD)], 4 [zinc-normal (ZN)], 16 [zinc-adequate (ZA)], or 32 [zinc-supplemented (ZS)] mu M zinc. Zinc status of both cell types was altered in a dose-dependent manner, with LNCaP cells reaching a plateau at >16 mu M zinc. For both cell types, p-Akt was higher in the ZD than in the ZN cells and was normalized to that of the ZN cells by treatment with a PI3K inhibitor, LY-294002. PTEN, an endogenous phosphatase targeting Akt dephosphorylation, was hyperphosphorylated (p-PTEN, inactive form) in ZD PrEC. Nuclear p-Mdm2 was raised, whereas nuclear p53 was depressed, by zinc deficiency in PrEC. Nuclear p21 and p53 were lowered by zinc deficiency in LNCaP cells. Higher percentages of ZD, ZA, and ZS than ZN LNCaP cells were found at the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle, with proportionally lower precentages at the S and G(2)/M phases. Hence, the increased p-PTEN in ZD PrEC would result in hyperphosphorylation of p-Akt and p-Mdm2, as well as reduction of nuclear p53 accumulation. For ZD LNCaP cells, Akt hyperphosphorylation was probably mediated through p21 phosphorylation and degradation, thus restricting p21 nuclear entry to induce cell cycle arrest. Thus zinc deficiency differentially modulated the Akt-Mdm2-p53 signaling axis in normal prostate cells vs. the Akt-p21 signaling axis in malignant prostate cells. C1 [Han, Chung-Ting; Lei, Kai Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schoene, Norberta W.] ARS, Diet Gen & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Lei, Kai Y.] King Saud Univ, Nutr Sci Biotechnol Lab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. [Lei, Kai Y.] King Saud Univ, Ctr Excellence Biotechnol Res, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Lei, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 0121 Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM dlei@umd.edu OI Han, Chung-Ting/0000-0003-1916-0314 FU US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2002-35200-12241]; Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center FX This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Grant 2002-35200-12241 (K. Y. Lei) and the Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (N. W. Schoene). NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 297 IS 5 BP C1188 EP C1199 DI 10.1152/ajpcell.00042.2009 PG 12 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA 512PY UT WOS:000271263500014 PM 19657064 ER PT J AU Verbruggen, S Sy, J Gordon, WE Hsu, J Wu, MH Chacko, S Zurakowski, D Burrin, D Castillo, L AF Verbruggen, Sascha Sy, Jama Gordon, William E. Hsu, Jean Wu, Manhong Chacko, Shaji Zurakowski, David Burrin, Douglas Castillo, Leticia TI Ontogeny of methionine utilization and splanchnic uptake in critically ill children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE isotopes; transulfuration; oxidation; kinetic model ID AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; CYSTEINE; HOMOCYSTEINE; KINETICS; DIETARY; GLUTATHIONE; HUMANS; TRANSPORTERS; BICARBONATE; INTESTINE AB Verbruggen S, Sy J, Gordon WE, Hsu J, Wu M, Chacko S, Zurakowski D, Burrin D, Castillo L. Ontogeny of methionine utilization and splanchnic uptake in critically ill children. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297: E1046-E1055, 2009. First published September 1, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00396.2009.-To determine the rates of methionine splanchnic uptake and utilization in critically ill pediatric patients we used two kinetic models: the plasma methionine enrichment and the "intracellular" homocysteine enrichment. Twenty four patients, eight infants, eight children, and eight adolescents, were studied. They received simultaneous, primed, constant, intravenous infusions of L-[(2)H(3)] methylmethionine and enteral L-[1-(13)C] methionine. The ratio of [(13)C] homocysteine to [(13)C] methionine enrichment was 1.0 +/- 0.15, 0.80 +/- 0.20, and 0.66 +/- 0.10, respectively, for the infants, children, and adolescents, and it was different between the infants and adolescents (P < 0.01). Methionine splanchnic uptake was 63, 45, and 36%, respectively, in the infants, children, and adolescents, and it was higher (P < 0.01) in the infants compared with the adolescents. The infants utilized 73% of methionine flux for nonoxidative disposal, while 27% was used for transulfuration (P < 0.001). Conversely, in the adolescents, 40% was utilized for nonoxidative disposal, while 60% was used for transulfuration. There is ontogeny on the rates of methionine splanchnic uptake and on the fate of methionine utilization in critically ill children, with greater methionine utilization for synthesis of proteins and methionine-derived compounds (P < 0.01) and decreased transulfuration rates in the infants (P < 0.01), while the opposite was observed in the adolescents. The plasma model underestimated methionine kinetics in children and adolescents but not in the infants, suggesting lesser dilution and greater compartmentation of methionine metabolism in the infant population. All patients were in negative methionine balance, indicating that the current enteral nutritional support is inadequate in these patients. C1 [Verbruggen, Sascha; Sy, Jama; Gordon, William E.; Wu, Manhong; Castillo, Leticia] Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,ARS,Crit Care Sect,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Verbruggen, Sascha] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Erasmus Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Zurakowski, David] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesia, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zurakowski, David] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Childrens Hosp Boston, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Castillo, L (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA,ARS,Crit Care Sect,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Lcastill@BCM.edu FU National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-62363]; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [T32 HD-007445]; Division of Research Resources [M01-RR-00188]; USDA/ARS [25337387]; Sophia Children's Hospital Research Foundation FX This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant DK-62363, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant T32 HD-007445, and Division of Research Resources Grant M01-RR-00188; USDA/ARS Cooperative Agreement 25337387; and the Sophia Children's Hospital Research Foundation. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 297 IS 5 BP E1046 EP E1055 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00396.2009 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 509CL UT WOS:000270990500010 PM 19724018 ER PT J AU Cleveland, BM Weber, GM Blemings, KP Silverstein, JT AF Cleveland, Beth M. Weber, Gregory M. Blemings, Kenneth P. Silverstein, Jeffrey T. TI Insulin-like growth factor-I and genetic effects on indexes of protein degradation in response to feed deprivation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proteolysis; 3-methylhistidine; F-box; growth hormone ID PROTEASOME-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IGF-BINDING PROTEIN-1; LONG-TERM STARVATION; COHO SALMON; NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION; MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; SPAWNING MIGRATION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS AB Cleveland BM, Weber GM, Blemings KP, Silverstein JT. Insulin-like growth factor-I and genetic effects on indexes of protein degradation in response to feed deprivation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 297: R1332-R1342, 2009. First published September 2, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00272.2009.-This study determined the effect of genetic variation, feed deprivation, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on weight loss, plasma IGF-I and growth hormone, and indexes of protein degradation in eight full-sibling families of rainbow trout. After 2 wk of feed deprivation, fish treated with IGF-I lost 16% less (P < 0.05) wet weight than untreated fish. Feed deprivation increased growth hormone (P < 0.05) and decreased IGF-I (P < 0.05), but hormone levels were not altered by IGF-I. Plasma 3-methylhistidine concentrations were not affected by IGF-I but were decreased after 2 wk (P < 0.05) and increased after 4 wk (P < 0.05) of feed deprivation. In white muscle, transcript abundance of genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome, lysosomal, and calpain-and caspase-dependent pathways were affected by feed deprivation (P < 0.05). IGF-I prevented the feed deprivation-induced upregulation of MAFbx (F-box) and cathepsin transcripts and reduced abundance of proteasomal mRNAs (P < 0.05), suggesting that reduction of protein degradation via these pathways may be partially responsible for the IGF-I-induced reduction of weight loss. Family variations in gene expression, IGF-I concentrations, and weight loss during fasting suggest genetic variation in the fasting response, with considerable impact on regulation of proteolytic pathways. These data indicate that nutrient availability, IGF-I, and genetic variation affect weight loss, in part through alterations of proteolytic pathways in rainbow trout, and that regulation of genes within these pathways is coordinated in a way that supports a similar physiological response. C1 [Cleveland, Beth M.; Weber, Gregory M.; Silverstein, Jeffrey T.] ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Blemings, Kenneth P.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Anim & Nutr Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Silverstein, Jeffrey T.] ARS, Off Natl Programs, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cleveland, BM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM beth.cleveland@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service [1930-31000-007-00D] FX This study was supported by Agricultural Research Service Project 1930-31000-007-00D. NR 82 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 297 IS 5 BP R1332 EP R1342 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00272.2009 PG 11 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 514CR UT WOS:000271371900013 PM 19726716 ER PT J AU Oosumi, T Rockhold, DR Maccree, MM Deahl, KL Mccue, KF Belknap, WR AF Oosumi, T. Rockhold, D. R. Maccree, M. M. Deahl, K. L. McCue, K. F. Belknap, W. R. TI Gene Rpi-bt1 from Solanum bulbocastanum Confers Resistance to Late Blight in Transgenic Potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phytophthora; Infestans; Tuberosum; NBS-LRR; BAC; Ubi3 ID BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; FOLIAGE BLIGHT; CONSTRUCTION; VARIETY; LIBRARY; QUALITY; TOMATO AB Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight is the most devastating pathogen of cultivated potato worldwide. Utilizing map based cloning; a genomic region containing a cluster of six nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat resistance gene analogs was isolated from the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum. Four genes were pseudogenes, with coding sequences interrupted by either frame shift mutations or premature stop codons. However, neither of the two uninterrupted genes conferred resistance to P. infestans when introduced into susceptible potatoes. Specific primers for one of the pseudogenes were used to amplify an uninterrupted cDNA from P. infestans-infected S. bulbocastanum leaves. A corresponding gDNA was amplified from a late blight-resistant bulbocastanum-tuberosum introgression line (Rpi-bt1). The Rpi-bt1 gene under transcriptional control of the constitutive potato Ubi3 promoter was found to confer resistance to P. infestans in several transgenic potato lines in a whole plant greenhouse assay. C1 [Rockhold, D. R.; Maccree, M. M.; McCue, K. F.; Belknap, W. R.] USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Oosumi, T.] Dry Creek Labs, Hughson, CA 95326 USA. [Deahl, K. L.] USDA, ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mccue, KF (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Kent.McCue@ars.usda.gov RI McCue, Kent/A-8973-2009 FU Agricultural Research Service National Programs [5325-21420-003-00D]; Dry Creek Laboratories [58-3 k95-M-434] FX Funding is acknowledged from the Agricultural Research Service National Programs (CRIS Project Number 5325-21420-003-00D) and Dry Creek Laboratories (CRADA Number 58-3 k95-M-434). NR 30 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9100-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500004 ER PT J AU Liu, ZY Halterman, D AF Liu, Zhenyu Halterman, Dennis TI Different Genetic Mechanisms Control Foliar and Tuber Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Wild Potato Solanum verrucosum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LATE-BLIGHT RESISTANCE; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE; R-GENE; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; BULBOCASTANUM; POPULATION; PARENTS; LOCUS AB Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potatoes and tomatoes. A key long-term management strategy for combating this disease is to develop potato cultivars with broad-spectrum and durable resistance through identification and integration of major resistance genes. In support of previous results, we have determined that some accessions of the wild potato species Solanum verrucosum contain strong foliar resistance to P. infestans while others are susceptible. In addition, whole-and wounded-tuber inoculations revealed that most accessions lacked resistance to tuber infection. However, one accession (PI 570643) contained little foliar resistance but expressed tuber resistance, suggesting that expression of these two phenotypes in this species is not correlated. C1 [Halterman, Dennis] USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Liu, Zhenyu; Halterman, Dennis] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Halterman, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dennis.halterman@ars.usda.gov RI Liu, Zhenyu/C-1369-2014; Liu, Zhenyu /C-9814-2012 FU United States Department of Agriculture; University of Wisconsin Graduate School FX We would like to thank Sarah Stephenson for expert technical assistance. Salaries and research support were provided by the United States Department of Agriculture and the University of Wisconsin Graduate School. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 476 EP 480 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9103-1 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500007 ER PT J AU Miles, GP Buchman, JL Munyaneza, JE AF Miles, Godfrey P. Buchman, Jeremy L. Munyaneza, Joseph E. TI Impact of Zebra Chip Disease on the Mineral Content of Potato Tubers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bactericera cockerelli; Potato psyllid; Zebra chip disease; Candidatus Liberibacter; Mineral content; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivar Atlantic ID CALCIUM CONTENT; VIRUS INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; COMMON SCAB; 1ST REPORT; SOFT ROT; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; HYPOCOTYLS; RESISTANCE AB Zebra chip (ZC) is an emerging and damaging disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) that has been documented in potato fields throughout the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and most recently New Zealand. The bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter" has been putatively identified as the causal agent of this disease and the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), as the insect vector. Tuber symptoms of ZC-infected plants include collapsed stolons, enlarged lenticels, vascular tissue browning, medullary ray discoloration, and necrotic flecking. ZC tuber symptoms are similar to those of potato diseases which exhibit perturbations in tuber mineral composition resulting in internal necrotic disorders. To determine the effect of ZC disease on the mineral content of potato tubers, concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, and B were analyzed in 'Atlantic' potatoes from ZC-infected and free plants, for both tuber flesh and peel tissues. The potatoes were grown at Weslaco, TX and Wapato, WA, two different and distant geographical locations under controlled cage conditions. Results showed that flesh tissue from ZC-infected tubers had significantly higher concentrations of P, K, and Ca at both locations, whereas, ZC-infected tuber flesh from Weslaco had higher concentrations of Mg, Cu, Zn, and B, while concentrations of Fe and Al were higher in ZC-infected tuber flesh from Wapato. Peel tissue from ZC-infected tubers were found to have a significantly higher level of Zn at both locations, whereas the levels of P and Na were found to significantly higher in peel tissue from Wapato and Weslaco, respectively. Finally, Mg was found to be significantly higher in ZC-free tubers from both locations and levels of Cu and B were significantly higher in ZC-free peel tissue from Wapato. C1 [Miles, Godfrey P.; Buchman, Jeremy L.; Munyaneza, Joseph E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Joseph.Munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Frito Lay, Inc.; Texas Department of Agriculture; USDA-ARS FX We thank Jeff Upton, Millie Heidt, Dan Hallauer, Blaine Heilman, and Andy Cruz for their invaluable technical assistance. We are also grateful to Drs. Dave Horton, Steve Garczynski, and Roy Navarre for their critical reading of this manuscript. Financial support for this work was partially provided by Frito Lay, Inc., Texas Department of Agriculture, and the USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9104-0 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500008 ER PT J AU Cruz, JHS Haynes, KG Christ, BJ AF Cruz, Jose H. Santa Haynes, Kathleen G. Christ, Barbara J. TI Effects of One Cycle of Recurrent Selection for Early Blight Resistance in a Diploid Hybrid Solanum phureja-S. stenotomum Population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alternaria solani; Diploid potato breeding; Solanum tuberosum; Disease resistance breeding ID EARLY GENERATION SELECTION; FOLIAR LATE BLIGHT; ALTERNARIA-SOLANI; POTATO POPULATION; FIELD-RESISTANCE; HERITABILITY; INHERITANCE; CULTIVARS; DISEASE; PROGRESS AB Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is an important foliar disease in potatoes around the world. Heritable early blight resistance was previously identified in a population of Solanum phureja-S. stenotomum (phu-stn). Seventy-two clones, consisting of the most early-blight resistant clone from each of the 72 phu-stn families in this population, were randomly intermated and four horticulturally good clones from each family were selected to constitute the second cycle population. The objective of this study was to determine if this recurrent selection strategy would improve levels of early blight resistance in the second cycle population. Clones from the second cycle population were evaluated in a replicated field trial for two years in Pennsylania, USA. Area under the disease progress curve was calculated from estimates of the percentage of necrotic lesions and defoliation. Broad-sense heritability for resistance was 0.75, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.69-0.81. Narrow-sense heritability was 0.63 +/- 0.29. However, the second cycle population was more susceptible and later in maturity than the first cycle population. Because of the negative association between earliness and resistance to early blight, it is likely that selecting horticulturally good clones to constitute the second cycle population favored susceptibility. Alternate breeding strategies to improve early blight resistance will have to be devised. C1 [Haynes, Kathleen G.] USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cruz, Jose H. Santa; Christ, Barbara J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 490 EP 498 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9105-z PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500009 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Buchman, JL AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Crosslin, James M. Buchman, Jeremy L. TI Susceptibility of Different Potato Cultivars to Purple Top Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato; Purple top disease; BLTVA phytoplasma; Beet leafhopper; Susceptibility; Potato cultivar ID BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; COLUMBIA BASIN; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPLASMA; CICADELLIDAE; WASHINGTON; PLANTS; ASSOCIATION; OREGON; MEXICO AB In 2002, Columbia Basin potato growers in Washington and Oregon began to experience serious outbreaks of potato purple top disease that have caused significant yield losses and reductions in tuber quality. It was determined that the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma is the causal agent of the disease in the Columbia Basin and that this pathogen is transmitted by the beet leafhopper. Little is known about the impact of purple top disease on potato in the Pacific Northwest. Trials were conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2008 to assess susceptibility of important potato cultivars grown in the Columbia Basin to purple top under field conditions. Eight potato cultivars were planted in small field plots and exposed to naturally occurring BLTVA-infected beet leaf-hoppers. Disease incidence was recorded at the end of the growing season. Purple top foliar symptoms were observed in all the tested cultivars, and plant samples collected and tested by PCR confirmed the presence of BLTVA. Results also indicated significant differences in susceptibility of the cultivars to purple top. Disease incidence in leafhopper-exposed plots ranged from 1.5 to 49.3% among cultivars. Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, and Umatilla Russet were relatively high in susceptibility to purple top, with average disease incidence of 33.5, 23.3, and 19.4%, respectively. Russet Burbank and FL1967 showed some resistance to purple top as they had the lowest plant disease incidence of 2.3 and 4.4%, respectively. Alturas, Shepody, and FL 1879 were moderately susceptible to purple top, with average disease incidence of 12.8, 8.0, and 9.3%, respectively. Information from this study will help potato growers reduce damage caused by potato purple top through selection of cultivars that are resistant to or tolerant of the disease and by protecting susceptible varieties against the beet leafhopper. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Buchman, Jeremy L.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Joseph.Munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission; Frito-Lay, Inc FX We thank Jeff Upton, Launa Hamlin, Jerry Gefre, Blaine Heilman, Millie Heidt, and Dan Hallauer for invaluable technical assistance. In addition, we thank anonymous reviewers who made suggestions to an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support for this work was partially provided by the Washington State Potato Commission and Frito-Lay, Inc. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 499 EP 503 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9106-y PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500010 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH AF Jansky, Shelley H. TI Identification of Verticillium Wilt Resistance in US Potato Breeding Programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium dahliae; Resistance breeding ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS; DAHLIAE COLONIZATION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; SOLANUM; INHERITANCE AB Verticillium wilt (VW), caused mainly by the soil-borne fungus V. dahliae, is a persistent and serious problem in potato production. Host-plant resistance offers an attractive control strategy, but most major cultivars are susceptible to VW. Resistance to VW was evaluated in 14 advanced clones from U. S. potato breeding programs and 11 cultivars. The two objectives of this study were to 1) determine the extent to which VW resistance exists in advanced selections in U. S. potato breeding programs and 2) test a selection strategy based on multiple measures of resistance. The three measures of resistance used in this study were symptom expression in the field, colonization of stem sap, and numbers of propagules in senescent stems. Resistant clones had low scores, but susceptible clones were highly variable for all three measures. An effective selection strategy utilizing all three measures of assessment can be used to separate true resistance from tolerance as follows: first, identify clones with low symptom expression, then measure sap colonization, and finish by establishing propagule levels in senescent stems. Based on this approach, breeders will be able to identify VW resistant, and not just VW tolerant, germplasm for future breeding efforts. C1 [Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shjansky@wisc.edu FU Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association; USDA-ARS [3655-21000-035-00D] FX This research was funded in part by the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association and USDA-ARS Project No. 3655-21000-035-00D. Statistical assistance from Nicholas Keuler is appreciated. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 504 EP 512 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9107-x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500011 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Buchman, JL AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Crosslin, James M. Buchman, Jeremy L. TI Seasonal Occurrence and Abundance of the Potato Psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, in South Central Washington SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato psyllid; Bactericera cockerelli; Potato; Zebra chip; Candidatus Liberibacter; Population dynamics ID ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE; BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; 1ST REPORT; COLUMBIA BASIN; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; CICADELLIDAE; POPULATIONS; PHYTOPLASMA; HOMOPTERA AB The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc, has recently been identified as a vector of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, the putative causal agent of zebra chip potato disease. Zebra chip is causing millions of dollars in losses to the potato industry in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand. Currently, the most effective strategy to manage this potato disease is to target the potato psyllid with insecticides. Effective management of this insect pest requires knowledge of its biology, ecology, geographic distribution, and population dynamics. Although it is well documented that the potato psyllid is common throughout the western United States, several reports have indicated that this insect pest does not occur in Washington and Oregon. However, this insect has recently been observed and collected in this region. Studies were conducted from 2005 to 2008 to document and determine the seasonal occurrence of the potato psyllid in this important potato growing region of the United States. The potato psyllid was monitored in untreated experimental potato plots at Moxee and Prosser in south central Washington. Contrary to previous reports, the potato psyllid was found to occur in Washington and appears to migrate into the region late in the growing season. Upon arrival in south central Washington in late July, this insect readily reproduces in potatoes and appears to have at least one generation a year. The origin of potato psyllids migrating to Washington has not yet been determined. Information from this study will help potato growers in Washington manage the potato psyllid to better prevent potential zebra chip outbreaks. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Buchman, Jeremy L.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM joseph.munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Frito Lay, Inc.; USDA-ARS FX We thank Jeff Upton, Millie Heidt, Dan Hallauer, Blaine Heilman, and Launa Hamlin for their invaluable technical assistance. We also thank Ethan C. Kane at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, for his assistance in the identification of collected psyllids. We are also grateful to anonymous reviewers who made suggestions to an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support for this work was partially provided by Frito Lay, Inc. and the USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 513 EP 518 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9108-9 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500012 ER PT J AU Bethke, PC Sabba, R Bussan, AJ AF Bethke, Paul C. Sabba, Robert Bussan, Alvin J. TI Tuber Water and Pressure Potentials Decrease and Sucrose Contents Increase in Response to Moderate Drought and Heat Stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tuber processing quality; Reducing sugars; Water potential; Turgor potential; Sugar-end defect ID RUSSET-BURBANK POTATOES; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; REDUCING SUGAR; BASAL PORTIONS; AMINO-ACIDS; QUALITY; GROWTH; YIELD; L. AB Environmental stress during the growing season can reduce the quality of stored Solanum tuberosum (potato) tubers. Changes in greenhouse grown Russet Burbank tuber water potential and tuber composition following periods of moderate drought, heat, or drought and heat stress were characterized. Decreased leaf and tuber water potentials were observed at the end of stress treatments. Decreased tuber water potential caused dramatic declines in tuber pressure potential. Tuber sucrose content increased with the severity of stress. Changes in tuber glucose and malic acid contents were also observed. Stress during early tuber bulking had a larger effect on tuber sugars at the end of the stress period than stress during late bulking. Stem-end glucose concentration of tubers at harvest after vine senescence was greater in tubers from plants stressed at early tuber bulking compared to late bulking. C1 [Bethke, Paul C.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bethke, Paul C.; Bussan, Alvin J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sabba, Robert] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. RP Bethke, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM paul.bethke@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association; USDA ARS-State FX Funding was provided by the USDA Potato Research and Marketing Program, the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association and the USDA ARS-State Partnership Potato Program. The authors thank James Busse for help in collecting water potential data, harvesting tubers and HPLC analysis. Help in completing the research from Katrina Pfaff, Mike Copas, and the staff at the University of Wisconsin Biotron is gratefully acknowledged. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 519 EP 532 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9109-8 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GD UT WOS:000276131500013 ER PT J AU Goethert, HK Rosenthal, BM Telford, SR AF Goethert, Heidi K. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. Telford, Sam R., III TI REDUCED GENE FLOW BETWEEN DOG TICK DEMES ON MARTHA'S VINEYARD AS A BASIS FOR INSULAR METAPOPULATION STRUCTURE OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Goethert, Heidi K.; Telford, Sam R., III] Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 12 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700013 ER PT J AU Qvarnstrom, Y Bishop, H Teem, J Hollingsworth, R Park, SY Buchholz, A da Silva, AJ AF Qvarnstrom, Yvonne Bishop, Henry Teem, John Hollingsworth, Robert Park, Sarah Y. Buchholz, Arlene da Silva, Alexandre J. TI QUANTITATIVE PCR-BASED ASSESSMENT OF ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS LARVAE BURDEN IN US ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Qvarnstrom, Yvonne] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Bishop, Henry; da Silva, Alexandre J.] CDC, NCZVED, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Hollingsworth, Robert] USDA, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI USA. [Park, Sarah Y.; Buchholz, Arlene] Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 313 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700313 ER PT J AU Turell, MJ Dave, K Dave, S Mayda, M Parker, Z Coleman, RE Strickman, D AF Turell, Michael J. Dave, Kirti Dave, Sonia Mayda, Maria Parker, Zahra Coleman, Russell E. Strickman, Daniel TI EVALUATION OF NOVEL DIPSTICK ASSAYS FOR THE DETECTION OF RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS IN MOSQUITOES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Turell, Michael J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Dave, Kirti; Dave, Sonia] VecTOR Test Syst Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Mayda, Maria; Parker, Zahra] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Coleman, Russell E.] USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Strickman, Daniel] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 386 BP 111 EP 111 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700386 ER PT J AU Linthicum, KJ Britch, SC Wynn, WW Clark, JW Ng'nonga, D Ngere, F Kibet, C Walker, TW Farooq, M Robinson, CA Smith, VL Dunford, JC Anyamba, A AF Linthicum, Kenneth J. Britch, Seth C. Wynn, Willard W. Clark, Jeffrey W. Ng'nonga, Daniel Ngere, Francis Kibet, Clifford Walker, Todd W. Farooq, Muhammad Robinson, Cathy A. Smith, Vincent L. Dunford, James C. Anyamba, Assaf TI INSECTICIDE TREATED CAMOUFLAGE SCREENING REDUCES SAND FLY NUMBERS IN LEISHMANIA-ENDEMIC REGIONS IN KENYA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Britch, Seth C.; Wynn, Willard W.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Clark, Jeffrey W.; Ng'nonga, Daniel; Ngere, Francis; Kibet, Clifford] US Army Med Res Unit Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya. [Walker, Todd W.; Farooq, Muhammad; Robinson, Cathy A.; Smith, Vincent L.; Dunford, James C.] USN, Entomol Ctr Excellence, Jacksonville, FL USA. [Anyamba, Assaf] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 578 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700576 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Allan, SA Cooperband, MF Jany, W AF Clark, Gary G. Allan, Sandra A. Cooperband, Miriam F. Jany, William TI BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS TO DUET (TM) INSECTICIDE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Clark, Gary G.; Allan, Sandra A.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cooperband, Miriam F.] USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci Technol, Otis Angb, MA USA. [Jany, William] Clarke Mosquito Control, Roselle, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 581 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956700579 ER PT J AU Blitvich, BJ Lorono-Pino, MA Farfan-Ale, JA Garcia-Rejon, JE Puerto, F Ibarra-Juarez, L Cortes-Guzman, AJ Root, J Fernandez-Salas, I AF Blitvich, Bradley J. Lorono-Pino, Maria A. Farfan-Ale, Jose A. Garcia-Rejon, Julian E. Puerto, Fernando Ibarra-Juarez, Luis Cortes-Guzman, Antonio J. Root, Jeffrey Fernandez-Salas, Ildefonso TI SEROLOGIC SURVEILLANCE FOR EQUINE INFLUENZA VIRUS IN MEXICO SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Blitvich, Bradley J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Lorono-Pino, Maria A.; Farfan-Ale, Jose A.; Garcia-Rejon, Julian E.; Puerto, Fernando] Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Merida, Mexico. [Ibarra-Juarez, Luis] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Mexico. [Cortes-Guzman, Antonio J.] Dept Control Vectores SSA, Chilpancingo, Mexico. [Root, Jeffrey] USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 644 BP 184 EP 184 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701060 ER PT J AU Anyamba, A Linthicum, KJ Small, J Pak, E Tucker, CJ Chretien, JP Britch, SC Breiman, R Hightower, A de La Rocque, S Formenty, P Haagsma, K Latham, M Lewandowski, HB Sang, R Schnabel, D Richardson, J AF Anyamba, Assaf Linthicum, Kenneth J. Small, Jennifer Pak, Edwin Tucker, Compton J. Chretien, Jean P. Britch, Seth C. Breiman, Robert Hightower, Allan de La Rocque, Stephan Formenty, Pierre Haagsma, Karl Latham, Mark Lewandowski, Henry B. Sang, Rosemary Schnabel, David Richardson, Jason TI PREDICTION, ASSESSMENT OF THE RIFT VALLEY FEVER ACTIVITY IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA 2006-2008 AND POSSIBLE VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGIES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer; Pak, Edwin; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Britch, Seth C.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Chretien, Jean P.] Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Breiman, Robert] CDC Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. [Hightower, Allan; de La Rocque, Stephan] Food & Agr Org United Nations, Rome, Italy. [Formenty, Pierre] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Haagsma, Karl] Youngstown Air Reserve Stn, Vienna, OH USA. [Latham, Mark] Manatee Cty Mosquito Control, W Palmento, FL USA. [Lewandowski, Henry B.] Chatharn Cty Mosquito Control, Savannah, GA USA. [Sang, Rosemary] Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. [Schnabel, David] USAMRU K GEIS, Nairobi, Kenya. [Richardson, Jason] US Army Med Component, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand. RI Richardson, Jason/A-9441-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 652 BP 186 EP 186 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701068 ER PT J AU Bowman, DD Bralove, BR Liang, TZ Liotta, JL Sukhumavasi, W Dubey, JP AF Bowman, Dwight D. Bralove, Benjamin R. Liang, Tian Z. Liotta, Janice L. Sukhumavasi, Woraporn Dubey, J. P. TI EFFECT OF CHALLENGE INFECTIONS ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF MICE PREVIOUSLY INFECTED WITH TOXOCARA CANIS, TOXOPLASMA GONDII OR BOTH PARASITES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Bowman, Dwight D.; Bralove, Benjamin R.; Liang, Tian Z.; Liotta, Janice L.] Cornell Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY USA. [Sukhumavasi, Woraporn] Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 692 BP 198 EP 199 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701108 ER PT J AU Mayda, ME Parker, Z Dave, K Turell, MJ Rowland, T Coleman, R Strickman, D AF Mayda, Maria E. Parker, Zahra Dave, Kirti Turell, Michael J. Rowland, Tobin Coleman, Russell Strickman, Daniel TI A RAPID ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF ALL FOUR DENV SEROTYPES IN MOSQUITOES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Mayda, Maria E.; Parker, Zahra; Rowland, Tobin] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dave, Kirti] VecTOR Test Syst Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA USA. [Turell, Michael J.] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Coleman, Russell] USA, Med Mat Dev Act, Ft Detrick, MD USA. [Strickman, Daniel] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 757 BP 219 EP 219 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701173 ER PT J AU Cohen, S Yabsley, M Freye, J Dunlap, B Huang, JJ Rowland, M Mead, D Dunn, J Jones, T Moncayo, AC AF Cohen, Sara Yabsley, Michael Freye, James Dunlap, Brett Huang, Junjun Rowland, Meghan Mead, Daniel Dunn, John Jones, Timothy Moncayo, Abelardo C. TI EHRLICHIAE AND SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE IN TICKS FROM TENNESSEE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Cohen, Sara; Huang, Junjun; Rowland, Meghan; Dunn, John; Jones, Timothy; Moncayo, Abelardo C.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Yabsley, Michael; Mead, Daniel] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Freye, James; Dunlap, Brett] Wildlife Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Madison, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 761 BP 220 EP 220 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701177 ER PT J AU Halasa, YA Shepard, DS Fonseca, D Farajollahi, A Healy, S Gaugler, R Clark, GG AF Halasa, Yara A. Shepard, Donald S. Fonseca, Dina Farajollahi, Ary Healy, Sean Gaugler, Randy Clark, Gary G. TI WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR VECTOR CONTROL FOR THE ASIAN TIGER MOSQUITO IN NEW JERSEY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 18-22, 2009 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg C1 [Halasa, Yara A.; Shepard, Donald S.] Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA USA. [Shepard, Donald S.; Gaugler, Randy] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Farajollahi, Ary] Mercer Cty Mosquito Control, W Trenton, NJ USA. [Healy, Sean] Monmouth Cty Mosquito Control Commiss, Tinton Falls, NJ USA. [Clark, Gary G.] USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 SU S MA 1093 BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 521WK UT WOS:000271956701507 ER PT J AU Buchanan, G AF Buchanan, Gale TI Be Real About Biofuels SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Tifton, GA USA. RP Buchanan, G (reprint author), USDA, Tifton, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 97 IS 6 BP 436 EP 436 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 505ZG UT WOS:000270740600002 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, Chris M. TI Recent advances in the development of novel materials for mycotoxin analysis SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Mycotoxin analysis; Antibody; Polymer; Aptamer; Cyclodextrins; Binding materials ID MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; VARIABLE FRAGMENT ANTIBODY; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; CHAIN FV ANTIBODY; OCHRATOXIN-A; FLUORESCENCE ENHANCEMENT; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; AFLATOXIN M-1; ZEARALENONE AB For sensitive and specific toxin detection, mycotoxin immunoassays depend upon antibodies with high affinity and selectivity. While intact immunoglobulins remain the primary toxin-binding elements used in rapid assays, a number of alternatives have begun appearing in the literature. The alternatives can be broadly classified into those that are obtained by chemical synthesis and those that are obtained by altering biologically derived materials. Examples range from synthetically prepared polymers to recombinant fragments of antibodies, with a wide variety of synthetic and natural materials in-between. To date, obtaining the combination of selectivity and affinity needed for use in sensors has been more readily accomplished with biologically derived materials than with synthetic materials. Despite this, synthetic materials still offer certain potential advantages, such as high binding capacity and the ability to bind in environments that are too harsh for intact antibodies. This review focuses upon recent advances in the development of mycotoxin-binding materials and their potential for application in mycotoxin assays. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM chris.maragos@ars.usda.gov NR 74 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 109 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 395 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1213 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2728-6 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 507ZY UT WOS:000270897000005 PM 19300984 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Trucksess, MW Weaver, CM Slate, A AF Whitaker, Thomas B. Trucksess, Mary W. Weaver, Carol M. Slate, Andrew TI Sampling and analytical variability associated with the determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in bulk lots of powdered ginger marketed in 1-lb bags SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Ochratoxin A; Ginger; Sampling and analytical variability; Sampling; Foods/beverages; Quality assurance/control ID PART I; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; GINSENG; HERBS; UK AB Ginger has been used as a food, dietary supplement, and condiment for centuries. Mycotoxins such as the aflatoxins (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) have been reported in ginger roots in several studies. It is important to design effective sampling methods that will accurately and precisely predict the true mycotoxin level in a bulk lot. The objective of this study was to measure the sampling and analytical variability associated with the test procedure used to measure AF and OTA in a bulk lot of powdered ginger using a 5-g laboratory sample and HPLC analytical methods. Twelve 5-g laboratory samples were taken from each of two lots. Duplicate aliquots were removed from each 5-g laboratory sample/solvent blend, and each aliquot was simultaneously analyzed for AF and OTA by HPLC analytical methods. Using a balanced nested design, the total variance associated with the above AF and OTA test procedures was partitioned into sampling and analytical variance components for each lot. Averaged across both lots, the sampling and analytical variances accounted for 87% and 13% of the total variance, respectively, for AF and 97% and 3%, respectively, for OTA. The sampling and analytical coefficients of variation were 9.5% and 3.6%, respectively, for AF, and 16.6% and 2.9%, respectively, for OTA when using a single 5-g laboratory sample and HPLC analytical methods. Equations are derived to show the effect of increasing laboratory sample size and/or number of aliquots on reducing the variability of the test procedures used to estimate OTA and AF in powdered ginger. C1 [Whitaker, Thomas B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Trucksess, Mary W.; Weaver, Carol M.] US FDA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, POB 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Tom_Whitaker@ncsu.edu FU Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 395 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1299 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2880-z PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 507ZY UT WOS:000270897000011 PM 19529924 ER PT J AU Young, SA Julka, S Bartley, G Gilbert, JR Wendelburg, BM Hung, SC Anderson, WHK Yokoyama, WH AF Young, Scott A. Julka, Samir Bartley, Glenn Gilbert, Jeffrey R. Wendelburg, Brian M. Hung, Shao-Ching Anderson, W. H. Kerr Yokoyama, Wallace H. TI Quantification of the Sulfated Cholecystokinin CCK-8 in Hamster Plasma Using Immunoprecipitation Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; FOOD-INTAKE; HUMANS; PROCHOLECYSTOKININ; PHOSPHORYLATION; OCTAPEPTIDE; SECRETION; INTESTINE; BIOMARKER; LC/MS/MS AB Cholecystokinin (CCK) and the different molecular forms of CCK are well established as biomarkers for satiety but accurate analysis has been limited by the multiple naturally occurring forms and extensive similarities to gastrin. Changes in levels of one form, CCK-8, a naturally occurring eight amino acid peptide of CCK, have been correlated with satiety responses. Endogenous CCK-8 has not been well characterized in Syrian Golden hamsters, an important model in the study of fat uptake and digestion. We have cloned and sequenced hamster CCK and identified and characterized endogenous CCK-8 from hamster plasma. Hamster CCK-8 is composed of eight amino acid residues which are highly conserved among other species. Following accurate identification and characterization of hamster CCK-8, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive immunoprecipitation based LC-MS/MS assay for its quantification. The present assay enables determination of active CCK-8 over a concentration range from 0.05 to 2.5 ng/mL in hamster plasma samples. This range covers both the basal and postprandial levels of CCK-8. Method performance validation samples were examined at three concentrations replicated over the course of 4 days. The assay accuracy (percent relative error, % RE) average was 11.3% with a precision (percent coefficient of variation, % CV) of 15.5% over all samples in this 4 day period. Additionally, the method was used to determine increases of endogenous plasma CCK-8 in hamsters challenged with a high-fat meal. C1 [Young, Scott A.; Julka, Samir; Hung, Shao-Ching; Anderson, W. H. Kerr] Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci, BioAnalyt, Midland, MI 48667 USA. [Gilbert, Jeffrey R.; Wendelburg, Brian M.] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Bartley, Glenn; Yokoyama, Wallace H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Young, SA (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci, BioAnalyt, 1897 Bldg, Midland, MI 48667 USA. EM sayoung@dow.com NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 21 BP 9120 EP 9128 DI 10.1021/ac9018318 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 577AL UT WOS:000276191900065 PM 19799376 ER PT J AU Desneux, N Stary, P Delebecque, CJ Gariepy, TD Barta, RJ Hoelmer, KA Heimpel, GE AF Desneux, Nicolas Stary, Petr Delebecque, Camille J. Gariepy, Tara D. Barta, Ruth J. Hoelmer, Kim A. Heimpel, Georce E. TI Cryptic Species of Parasitoids Attacking the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Asia: Binodoxys communis and Binodoxys koreanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE cryptic species; Binodoxys communis; Binodoxys koreanus; soybean aphid; parasitoids ID CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; OXIDASE SUBUNIT-I; DNA-SEQUENCE DATA; REPRODUCTIVE COMPATIBILITY; TRICHOGRAMMA-MINUTUM; FLIES DIPTERA; 2 POPULATIONS; GENETIC-VARIATION; HOST-SPECIFICITY; CONTROL AGENTS AB Collections of parasitoids attacking the soybean aphid, Aphis glycine Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in South Korea yielded specimens that were originally identified as Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We report here on laboratory studies indicating that this population is actually a previously unknown species of Binodoxys. Four classes of comparisons were made between the Korean population and a Chinese population that also had been identified as B. communis. The comparisons included 1) mating trials coupled with behavioral observations and spermathecal examinations, 2) assessment of nucleotide divergence at two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene loci, 3) patterns of host use, and 4) reassessment of morphological characters. These studies revealed premating reproductive isolation of the two populations and minor nucleotide differences in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences and nuclear internal transcriber spacer 1 sequences, providing strong indications that they are different species. Subtle morphological differences also were discovered that confirmed that the Chinese population corresponds to B. communis, whereas the Korean population does not:. We propose the name Binodoxys koreanus Stary, sp. n. for the Korean Population. The two species exhibited similar host ranges in the laboratory, the most notable exception being that B. koreanus, sp. n. is better able to develop in a Population of Aphis craccivora Koch that harbors the bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa Moran, which seems to strongly interfere with the development of B. communis. We discuss the implications of our results for biological control introductions against the soybean aphid in North America. C1 [Desneux, Nicolas; Delebecque, Camille J.; Barta, Ruth J.; Heimpel, Georce E.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Desneux, Nicolas] INRA, Unite Rech Integrees Hort, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Stary, Petr] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Entomol, Ctr Biol, CR-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Gariepy, Tara D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Kauai Agr Res Ctr, Kapaa, HI 96746 USA. [Hoelmer, Kim A.] ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Heimpel, GE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM heimp001@umn.edu RI Desneux, Nicolas/J-6262-2013; Stary, Petr/G-6699-2014 FU USDA-RAMP award; North Central Soybean Research Program; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [Z50070508]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Nancy Fares, Christine Kulhanek, Jon Malepsy, and Laura Stone for help with experiments and insect colony maintenance; Setinghwan Lee (Seoul National University) for assistance with field collections in Korea; Kathryn Lanier and Keith Hopper (USDA-ARS, Newark, DE) for initiating Asian Binodoxys cultures at the Beneficial Insects Introduction Research laboratory in Newark; and J. P. Michaud and an anonymous reviewer for constructive comments on the manuscript. This work was funded in part by a USDA-RAMP award, in part by the North Central Soybean Research Program, and in part by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. The contribution by P.S. was funded from the Entomology Institute project Z50070508 (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), and the contribution of T.D.G. was funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. NR 72 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 925 EP 936 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 516HQ UT WOS:000271533300003 ER PT J AU Favret, C AF Favret, Colin TI Wing Morphometry Helps Diagnose Cryptic Species and Resurrect Mindarus pinicolus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Mindarus abietinus; discriminant functions; DNA barcodes ID CHRISTMAS TREE PLANTATIONS; BALSAM TWIG APHID; ABIETINUS HOMOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; DAMAGE; FIR; ASSOCIATIONS; SPECIATION; REVISION; INSECTA AB Wing venation, two-dimensional and with easily recognized reference points at vein junctions, presents an opportunity for the development of automated insect identification. Using a suite of continuous characters, I investigated the use of wing morphometry for computerized insect identification of cryptic species of the aphid genus Mindarus. A priori groups were determined using cytochrome oxidase 1 DNA barcodes. Discriminant function analysis of 24 wing measurements consistently grouped individuals Of unknown taxonomic affinity with the correct a priori groups. The results suggest that diagnostic signal is present in wing morphometry, but the signal is considerably stronger with the addition of morphometry from other aphid appendages, namely, 10 leg and antenna] segments. Almost all Mindarus collected in eastern North America have been determined as the balsam twig aphid, Mindarus abietinus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), but molecular diagnostics reveals that the Palearctic species is not present in the Western Hemisphere. Schizoneura pinicola Thomas has been considered a North American synonym of M. abietinus. Morphometric discriminant function analysis suggests that the Abies-feeding eastern North American population is M. pinicolus. The species is here reinstated with a new combination and redescribed. C1 [Favret, Colin] AphidNet LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Favret, Colin] ARS, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Favret, C (reprint author), AphidNet LLC, 18901 Tributary Lane, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. EM colinfavret@aphidnet.org RI Favret, Colin/F-7726-2012 OI Favret, Colin/0000-0001-6243-3184 NR 42 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 970 EP 981 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 516HQ UT WOS:000271533300007 ER PT J AU Ruiz, EA Victor, J Hayes, JL Zuniga, G AF Ruiz, Enrico A. Victor, Javier Hayes, Jane L. Zuniga, Gerardo TI Molecular and Morphological Analysis of Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): An Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Subspecies SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Pseudotsuga; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; mitochondrial DNA; subspecies ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; PRIMERS; PINE AB Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins infests Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, throughout the distribution of that tree species from British Columbia to northern Mexico. The Subspecies Dendroctonus pseudotsugae barragani Furniss was described from the mountains of Chihuahua, Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, whereas the nominal subspecies, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae pseudotsugae Hopkins, occurs north of Mexico. The description of D. p. barragani was based on the only known Mexican population at that time. More recently, new populations of this beetle have been discovered at 13 additional localities in Chihuahua, Durango, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. To test whether these additional populations support the existence of two subspecies, we performed a taxonomic reassessment combining molecular markers (cytochrome oxidase 1), morphological characters used in the original description, and newly described morphological characters. Phylogenetic analysis of 89 haplotypes confirms that the Mexican populations are distinct from the sampled populations in the United States and Canada. Morphological analysis indicates that intraspecific variation is greater than previously considered within Mexican populations. However, at least seven characters on the head, pronotum, and elytra (including three previously undescribed characters of frons sculpture) consistently discriminate among Canada-U.S. and Mexico populations. The extension of the known distribution of this beetle in Mexico and verification of its subspecific status will aid in the management and conservation of Pseudotsuga in Mexico. C1 [Ruiz, Enrico A.; Victor, Javier; Zuniga, Gerardo] Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, IPN, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Dept Zool, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. [Hayes, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Ruiz, EA (reprint author), Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, IPN, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Dept Zool, Carpio & Plan Ayala S-N, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. EM enrico_ruiz@yahoo.com FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) [44887, 176313]; Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-IPN [SIP-20060421]; Pacific Northwest Research Station; Programa Institucional de Formacion de Investigadores del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (PIFI-IPN) FX We thank Francisco Bonilla, Antonio Olive, Luis M. Torres, and Sergio Quinones (Comision Nacional Forestal, Mexico) for providing field assistance; John Rinehart (Eastern Oregon University), Gene Paul (Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service). Brytten Steed (Forest Health Protection, USDA Forest Service), and Tom De-Gomez (University of Arizona) provided fresh or alcohol preserved specimens. Museum specimens were loaned by Ma. Eugenia Diaz (Museo de Historia Natural de la Ciudad de Mexico), Ronald W. Billings (Texas Forest Service, College Station, TX), Patrice Bouchard (Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, ON, Canada), Christopher Marshall (Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR), and Franck M. Merickel (University of Idaho, Moscow, 11)). The manuscript was reviewed by Malcolm M. Furniss (Moscow, ID). The project was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT 44887) and Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado-IPN (SIP-20060421). J.L.H. was supported by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. This work was Part Of E.A.R.'s Ph.D. dissertation. He was a Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (176313) and Programa Institucional de Formacion de Investigadores del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (PIFI-IPN) fellow. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 982 EP 997 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 516HQ UT WOS:000271533300008 ER PT J AU Yee, WL Chapman, PS Sheets, HD Unruh, TR AF Yee, Wee L. Chapman, Peter S. Sheets, H. David Unruh, Thomas R. TI Analysis of Body Measurements and Wing Shape to Discriminate Rhagoletis pomonella and Rhagoletis zephyria (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Washington State SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE apple maggot; ovipositor length; geometric morphometrics; canonical variates analysis ID CHERRY FRUIT-FLY; HOST-PLANT USE; APPLE MAGGOT; EVOLUTION AB Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a quarantine pest of apple (Malus sp.) in Washington state that is almost identical morphologically to Rhagoletis zephyria Snow, a nonpest of apple. Historically, the longer ovipositor in R.pomonella has been used to separate it front R. zephyria, despite overlap in ovipositor lengths. Here, the objectives were to determine whether use of multiple body measurements and wing shape can improve discrimination of the species. Ovipositor lengths allowed 94.6% correct identification of female R. pomonella but only 7.0% correct identification of R. zephyria. We found that multiple body measurements and wing shape can better separate these species. Canonical variates analysis (CVA) of nine body measurements in female flies largely separated the species. In contrast, CVA of nine body measurements poorly separated the males of these species. Discriminant analysis using nine body measurements classified female R. pomonella and R. zephyria with 95.4 and 100% accuracy, respectively. Geometric morphometries and CVA separate(] wing shapes between species in both sexes. Bookstein shape coordinates indicated that the wing of R. pomonella is more tapered at the tip than that of R. zephyria. Use of wing shape in an assignments test identified female R. pomonella with 98.5% and female R. zephyria with 99.0% accuracy, and it correctly identified 100% of flies whose identities were questionable based on ovipositor lengths. Results indicate that use of multiple body measurements or wing shape is an improvement over the use of ovipositor length alone for identifying female R. pomonella and R. zephyria in Washington state. C1 [Yee, Wee L.; Chapman, Peter S.; Unruh, Thomas R.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sheets, H. David] Canisius Coll, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14208 USA. RP Yee, WL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM wee.yee@ars.usda.gov FU Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission FX We thank Janine Jewett, Robert Goughnour, Tom Coate, and Meralee Nash for invaluable field and laboratory assistance; Ed Lisowski (Washington State Department of Agriculture) for assistance in the initial phases of the project; Ed Lisowski and David Horton (USDA-ARS) and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript; and the Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission for partial funding of the project. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1028 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 516HQ UT WOS:000271533300010 ER PT J AU Dunkley, KD Callaway, TR O'Bryan, C Kundinger, MM Dunkley, CS Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ Crandall, PG Ricke, SC AF Dunkley, Kingsley D. Callaway, Todd R. O'Bryan, Corliss Kundinger, Megan M. Dunkley, Claudia S. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. Crandall, P. G. Ricke, Steven C. TI Cell yields and fermentation responses of a Salmonella Typhimurium poultry isolate at different dilution rates in an anaerobic steady state continuous culture SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Continuous culture; Fermentation; Glucose yield ID DIGESTIVE-TRACT CONTENTS; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; BROILER-CHICKENS; DIETARY LACTOSE; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; COLONIZATION; BACTERIA; INFECTION; GROWTH; ENERGETICS AB The objectives of these studies were to determine cell yield and fermentation responses of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium poultry isolate using various dilution rates in steady state continuous culture incubations. S. enterica Typhimurium cells were propagated in continuous cultures with a total volume of 0.50 l of Luria Bertani medium containing 0.1% glucose. Dilution rates from 0.0125 to 1.44/h were used. Cell protein concentration generally increased linearly with increased dilution rate up to a rate of 0.54/h and declined at the higher dilution rates. Glucose consumption gave a similar pattern to cell protein concentration by declining at the three highest dilution rates. Short chain fatty acid production was inconsistently influenced by dilution rate. Acetate, the most predominant fatty acid produced, declined at the higher dilution rates, as did propionate. Ammonia production remained stable at the lowest dilution rates, but increased significantly at a dilution rates above 0.27/h. C1 [O'Bryan, Corliss; Crandall, P. G.; Ricke, Steven C.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Dunkley, Kingsley D.; Kundinger, Megan M.; Dunkley, Claudia S.; Ricke, Steven C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM cobryan@uark.edu; sricke@uark.edu FU USDA-NRI [2001-02675] FX These studies were conducted with funds from USDA-NRI Grant #2001-02675 administered by Texas Agricultural Experimental Station. Thanks to Albert Blanks for technical assistance, Cassie Woodward and Dr. W. K. Kim for data analysis and helpful discussion for preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD NOV PY 2009 VL 96 IS 4 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s10482-009-9369-9 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 508ZK UT WOS:000270979400015 PM 19655268 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M de Bruijn, I Cohen, MF Raaijmakers, JM AF Mazzola, Mark de Bruijn, Irene Cohen, Michael F. Raaijmakers, Jos M. TI Protozoan-Induced Regulation of Cyclic Lipopeptide Biosynthesis Is an Effective Predation Defense Mechanism for Pseudomonas fluorescens SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMEBAS ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; PLANKTONIC BACTERIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOFILM FORMATION; PLANT-DISEASE; PUTISOLVIN-II; SUGAR-BEET; SOIL; BIOCONTROL; GROWTH AB Environmental bacteria are exposed to a myriad of biotic interactions that influence their function and survival. The grazing activity of protozoan predators significantly impacts the dynamics, diversification, and evolution of bacterial communities in soil ecosystems. To evade protozoan predation, bacteria employ various defense strategies. Soil-dwelling Pseudomonas fluorescens strains SS101 and SBW25 produce the cyclic lipopeptide surfactants (CLPs) massetolide and viscosin, respectively, in a quorum-sensing-independent manner. In this study, CLP production was shown to protect these bacteria from protozoan predation as, compared to CLP-deficient mutants, strains SS101 and SBW25 exhibited resistance to grazing by Naegleria americana in vitro and superior persistence in soil in the presence of this bacterial predator. In the wheat rhizosphere, CLP-producing strains had a direct deleterious impact on the survival of N. americana. In vitro assays further showed that N. americana was three times more sensitive to viscosin than to massetolide and that exposure of strain SS101 or SBW25 to this protozoan resulted in upregulation of CLP biosynthesis genes. Enhanced expression of the massABC and viscABC genes did not require physical contact between the two organisms as gene expression levels were up to threefold higher in bacterial cells harvested 1 cm from feeding protozoans than in cells collected 4 cm from feeding protozoans. These findings document a new natural function of CLPs and highlight that bacterium-protozoan interactions can result in activation of an antipredator response in prey populations. C1 [Mazzola, Mark] USDA ARS, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [de Bruijn, Irene; Raaijmakers, Jos M.] Wageningen Univ, Phytopathol Lab, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Cohen, Michael F.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mark.mazzola@ars.usda.gov RI de Bruijn, Irene/A-7437-2014; Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI de Bruijn, Irene/0000-0002-4889-3253; Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 FU United States Department of Agriculture CSREES; Dutch Technology Foundation (STW); Dutch NGI-BSik Ecogenomics Program FX This work was supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture CSREES, the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW), and the Dutch NGI-BSik Ecogenomics Program. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 21 BP 6804 EP 6811 DI 10.1128/AEM.01272-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 511KA UT WOS:000271161700021 PM 19717630 ER PT J AU Welsh, AK Dawson, JO Gottfried, GJ Hahn, D AF Welsh, Allana K. Dawson, Jeffrey O. Gottfried, Gerald J. Hahn, Dittmar TI Diversity of Frankia Populations in Root Nodules of Geographically Isolated Arizona Alder Trees in Central Arizona (United States) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTINORHIZAL PLANTS; HOST SPECIFICITY; CULTURED FRANKIA; ALNUS-GLUTINOSA; STRAINS; SOIL; INOCULATION; RELATEDNESS; SYMBIOSES; ORIGINS AB The diversity of uncultured Frankia populations in root nodules of Alnus oblongifolia trees geographically isolated on mountaintops of central Arizona was analyzed by comparative sequence analyses of nifH gene fragments. Sequences were retrieved from Frankia populations in nodules of four trees from each of three mountaintops (n = 162) and their levels of diversity compared using spatial genetic clustering methods and single-nucleotide or 1, 3, or 5% sequence divergence thresholds. With the single-nucleotide threshold level, 45 different sequences with significant differences between the mountaintops were retrieved, with the southern site partitioning in a separate population from the two other sites. Some of these sequences were identical in nodules from different mountaintops and to those of strains isolated from around the world. A high level of diversity that resulted in the assignment of 14 clusters of sequences was also found on the 1% divergence level. Single-nucleotide and 1% divergence levels thus demonstrate microdiversity of frankiae in root nodules of A. oblongifolia trees and suggest a partitioning of diversity by site. At the 3 and 5% divergence levels, however, diversity was reduced to three clusters or one cluster, respectively, with no differentiation by mountaintop. Only at the 5% threshold level do all Frankia strains previously assigned to one genomic group cluster together. C1 [Welsh, Allana K.; Hahn, Dittmar] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Dawson, Jeffrey O.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gottfried, Gerald J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Phoenix, AZ 85006 USA. RP Hahn, D (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM dh49@txstate.edu FU Texas State University Department of Biology; National Science Foundation [0742306]; Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station FX We are indebted to the Texas State University Department of Biology and the National Science Foundation (GK-12 grant no. 0742306) and a USDA McIntire-Stennis grant from the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 21 BP 6913 EP 6918 DI 10.1128/AEM.01103-09 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 511KA UT WOS:000271161700037 PM 19734342 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Pan, ZL Zhang, RH Wang, DH AF Zheng, Yi Pan, Zhongli Zhang, Ruihong Wang, Donghai TI Enzymatic saccharification of dilute acid pretreated saline crops for fermentable sugar production SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Saline crops; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Cellulase; beta-glucosidase; Dilute acid pretreatment; Fed-batch ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; HYDROLYSIS; CELLULASE; HEMICELLULOSE; TECHNOLOGY; SOFTWOOD; BATCH; MODEL AB Four saline crops [athel (Tamarix aphylla L), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Jose Tall Wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum), and Creeping Wild Ryegrass (Leymus triticoides)] that are used in farms for salt uptake from soil and drainage irrigation water have the potential for fuel ethanol production because they don't take a large number of arable lands. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were conducted to select the optimum pretreatment conditions and the best saline crop for further enzymatic hydrolysis research. The optimum dilute acid pretreatment conditions included T = 165 degrees C, t = 8 min, and sulfuric acid concentration = 1.4% (w/w). Creeping Wild Ryegrass was decided to be the best saline crop. Solid loading, cellulase and beta-glucosidase concentrations had significant effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated Creeping Wild Ryegrass. Glucose concentration increased by 36 mg/mL and enzymatic digestibility decreased by 20% when the solid loading increased from 4 to 12%. With 8% solid loading, enzymatic digestibility increased by over 30% with the increase of cellulase concentration from 5 to 15 FPU/g-cellulose. Under given cellulase concentration of 15 FPU/g-cellulose, 60% increase of enzymatic digestibility of pretreated Creeping Wild Ryegrass was obtained with the increase of beta-glucosidase concentration up to 15 CBU/g-cellulose. With a high solid loading of 10%, fed-batch operation generated 12% and 18% higher enzymatic digestibility and glucose concentration, respectively, than batch process. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Yi; Pan, Zhongli; Zhang, Ruihong] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Zhongli] USDA ARS, WRRC, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zheng, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM yizheng@ucdavis.edu FU California Department of Water Resources [4600002991] FX The authors Would like to thank Novozymes, Inc. (Davis, CA) for providing enzymes for this research. The funding support for this research was provided by a research grant from California Department of Water Resources (Grant No. 4600002991). NR 33 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD NOV PY 2009 VL 86 IS 11 BP 2459 EP 2465 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.03.012 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 459PS UT WOS:000267116300021 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Hoffmann, WC Lan, Y Wu, W Fritz, BK AF Huang, Y. Hoffmann, W. C. Lan, Y. Wu, W. Fritz, B. K. TI DEVELOPMENT OF A SPRAY SYSTEM FOR AN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE PLATFORM SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Unmanned aerial vehicle; Autonomous flight; Wireless telemetry system; Spray system; Site-specific application ID DROPLETS; EFFICACY; SIZE AB Application of crop production and protection materials is a crucial component in the high productivity of American agriculture. Agricultural chemical application is frequently needed at specific times and locations for accurate site-specific management of crop pests. Piloted agricultural aircraft are typically used to treat large, unobstructed, continuous acreage crops and are not as efficient when, working over small or obstructed plots. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), which can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans, may be used to make timely and efficient applications over these small area plots. This research developed a low volume spray system for use on a fully autonomous UAV to apply crop protection products on specified crop areas. This article discusses the development of the spray system and its integration with the flight control system of a fully autonomous, unmanned vertical take-off and landing helicopter Sprayer actuation can be triggered by preset positional coordinates as monitored by the equipped Global Positioning System (GPS). The developed spray system has the potential to provide accurate, site-specific crop management when coupled with UAV systems. It also has great potential for vector control in the areas that are not easily accessible by personnel or equipment. C1 [Huang, Y.] USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Hoffmann, W. C.; Lan, Y.; Fritz, B. K.] USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. [Wu, W.] Jilin Univ, Changchun 130023, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, JWDSRC, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yanbo.huang@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Defense FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). The authors would also like to thank Mr. Charles Harris for his mechanical work for the nozzle test. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 803 EP 809 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544BG UT WOS:000273625700001 ER PT J AU Kornecki, TS Price, AJ Raper, RL Bergtold, JS AF Kornecki, T. S. Price, A. J. Raper, R. L. Bergtold, J. S. TI EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT HERBICIDE APPLICATORS MOUNTED ON A ROLLER/CRIMPER FOR ACCELERATED RYE COVER CROP TERMINATION SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Chemical termination; Conservation agriculture; Cover crop; Glyphosate; Mechanical termination; Roller/crimper ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; SOIL; COTTON AB In a weed-free field with ideal weather conditions, a cash crop can be planted 3 weeks after rolling a mature cereal rye winter cover crop without using herbicides. However, cloudy and wet weather can delay the rolling and/or desiccation of rye, thereby delaying cash crop planting which can negatively impact yield. One effective way to reduce the time between rolling and planting is to spray herbicide while rolling. However, a continuous spray may not be required if a roller/crimper is used due to the additive effect of the roller. Two different methods of applying glyphosate (Roundup (TM)) to rolled rye were compared. First, a felt strip saturated with herbicide was attached to the roller's crimping bar to provide glyphosate application with every crimp. The second method consisted of a boom (five nozzles controlled by solenoid valves) mounted on the roller applying a spray continuously, and intermittent spray every second crimp, or every fourth crimp. The average results over three growing seasons showed that 7 days after rolling, rye termination rates for all rolled/glyphosate treatments surpassed 90% (91% for glyphosate saturated felt strip and 98% for continuous spray), exceeding the termination rates for rye recommended to planting cash crops into rye residue cover. For the roller/crimper alone and the non-treated check (standing rye), termination rates were 82% and 54%, respectively. Since spraying glyphosate every fourth crimp provided a 93% termination rate one week after rolling, this method may facilitate planting the cash crop in a timely fashion while reducing input costs. Economic savings of $12.63 to $36.87 ha(1) may be attained by incorporating herbicide applications with rolling activities. One and two weeks after the rolling treatment, volumetric soil moisture content for all rolled rye/chemical treatments were significantly higher than the non-treated check. C1 [Kornecki, T. S.; Price, A. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Ltb, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Raper, R. L.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Bergtold, J. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kornecki, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Ltb, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM ted.kornecki@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 819 EP 826 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544BG UT WOS:000273625700003 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK AF Coblentz, W. K. TI EFFECTS OF WRAPPING METHOD AND SOIL CONTACT ON HAY STORED IN LARGE ROUND BALES IN CENTRAL WISCONSIN SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Large-round bales; DM recovery; Nutritive value; In-situ disappearance ID IN-SITU; DRY-MATTER; PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; QUALITY LOSSES; ALFALFA; FORAGES AB A 2-yr study was conducted during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 to evaluate the effects of outdoor weathering on the nutritive value, ruminal disappearance kinetics of dry matter (DM), and recoveries of DM from 1.4- x 1.2-m large-round bales. The study consisted of (n = 90) bales that were allocated within a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of hay types [orchardgrass (Dactyl is glomerata L.) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)] and storage treatments. Bales were wrapped with either sisal twine or net, and they were positioned outdoors either elevated on wooden pallets or directly on the ground. For both hay types, positive controls were wrapped with net and stored indoors. Generally, the main effects of hay type and storage treatment did not interact, but both main effects interacted with year During 2006-2007, wrapping with net did not improve recovery of DM compared to bales wrapped with twine (93.7% vs. 93.4%; P = 0.781), but recovery was improved by elevating bales on wooden pallets (95.0% vs. 92.1%; P < 0.00.1). However, control hays surpassed by 4.6 percentage units the overall recovery mean for all bales wintered outdoors (98.1% vs. 93.5%; P < 0.001). Precipitation was above normal during 2007-2008; this resulted in a 7.3-percentage-unit recovery advantage for indoor storage compared to all bales stored outdoors. Unlike the previous year, bales wrapped with twine and placed directly oil the ground were especially vulnerable to weathering, recovering only 85.2% of initial DM, while recoveries for other treatments stored outdoors ranged from 89.6% to 91.1%. During tire relatively dry conditions observed during 2006-2007, the energy density (total digestible nutrients; TDN) of the 0.15-m surface layer for all bales wintered outdoors was depressed, but by only 1.4 percentage units (60.8% vs. 59.4%; P = 0.017) relative to indoor controls. With much greater precipitation during 2007-2008, this differential increased only marginally (57.3% vs. 54.1%; P < 0.00.1). Generally, kinetic estimates obtained from in situ evaluations of ruminal disappearance of DM were consistent with responses observed for TDN. In summary, recoveries of DM front large-round bales always were greatest with indoor storage. The results of these studies suggest that elevating bales off of the soil surface and wrapping with net offer the highest probability of maximizing recovery of DM following outdoor winter storage in northern climates. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 2615 E 29th St, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 835 EP 850 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544BG UT WOS:000273625700005 ER PT J AU Wang, X Zhu, H Reding, ME Locke, JC Leland, JE Derksen, RC Spongberg, AL Krause, CR AF Wang, X. Zhu, H. Reding, M. E. Locke, J. C. Leland, J. E. Derksen, R. C. Spongberg, A. L. Krause, C. R. TI DELIVERY OF CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PESTICIDES THROUGH DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Chemigation; Distribution uniformity; Entomopathogenic fungus; Entomopathogenic nematodes; Microbial fungicide; Micro irrigation; Pest control agent ID FERTIGATION UNIFORMITY; INJECTOR TYPE; CHEMIGATION; NEMATODES; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; YIELD; CORN; SOIL AB Applying pesticides uniformly to the target area with drip irrigation systems is essential for achieving effectiveness of efficient insect or disease control and for the sustainability of a safe environment. The uniformity and recovery rate of water-soluble and insoluble materials of chemical and microbial pesticides with different physical properties discharged front emitters throughout driplines was evaluated. The materials were, a water-soluble fluorescent tracer (BSF), a flowable water-dispersible insecticide (Imidacloprid), a suspendible microbial entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), a suspendible microbial soil fungicide (SF), and microbial entomopathogenic nematodes. Treatments also included three different flow capacities of emitters with nominally rated flow capacities of 1.9, 3.8, and 7.6 L h(-1), respectively. Although all materials were readily deliverable through the drip irrigation system, the uniformity of the materials discharged varied with the material formulations and emitter flow capacity. h-or all emitter flow capacities, BSF had the lowest coefficient of variation, followed by nematodes, Imidacloprid, SE, and EPF Conversely, the recovery rate of the five materials was in the reverse order Emitter flow capacity affected the recovery rates of Imidacloprid and SF discharged from the emitters, but not of BSF, EPF, and nematodes. Drip irrigation was demonstrated as a viable alternative for application of water-soluble and insoluble materials; however, the discharge rates of EPF, and SF must first be determined to compensate for their non-uniformity of delivery and low recovery rates from emitters. C1 [Wang, X.; Zhu, H.; Reding, M. E.; Locke, J. C.; Derksen, R. C.; Krause, C. R.] USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Wang, X.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Leland, J. E.] Novozymes Biol Inc, Salem, VA USA. [Spongberg, A. L.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Agr Eng Bldg,OARDC,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 883 EP 893 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544BG UT WOS:000273625700009 ER PT J AU Quintanar, AI Mahmood, R Loughrin, JH Lovanh, N Motley, MV AF Quintanar, A. I. Mahmood, R. Loughrin, J. H. Lovanh, N. Motley, M. V. TI A SYSTEM FOR ESTIMATING BOWEN RATIO AND EVAPORATION FROM WASTE LAGOONS SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Bowen Ratio; Evaporation; Energy flux; Thermal stratification ID SOIL-MOISTURE CONDITIONS; HEAT-FLUX; ENERGY BUDGET; MODEL; STRATIFICATION; RELIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; LATENT AB A low-cost system was deployed above a swine waste lagoon to obtain estimates of Bowen ratios and characterize lagoon temperatures. The system consisted of humidity and temperature sensors and anemometers deployed above the lagoon, water temperature sensors, and a meteorological station located by the lagoon. To evaluate the system, data was analyzed front the 25th through 28th June 2007. Bowen ratios showed diurnal behavior near the lagoon surface characterized by negative values during day and positive ones at night. Latent (evaporation) and sensible heat fluxes were towards the atmosphere and the lagoon, respectively for most of the day. A diurnal cycle in atmospheric and lagoon temperatures was also observed. Furthermore, wind speeds above the lagoon were highest in the afternoon. These variations were linked to lagoon temperature stratifications which became more pronounced as wind speeds increased. Temperature stratification at the lagoon indicated increased heat exchange at the lagoon's interface with the atmosphere. During the night, the stratification disappeared and temperatures in the water column were almost identical down to about 60 cm. This behavior is similar to that observed in other shallow water bodies that are fetch-limited. Lagoon hearing was driven by the diurnal cycle of solar radiation and net radiation. This suggests that Bowen ratios had an inverse relationship with lagoon heating and its thermal stratification. This also indicates that there was an increase in latent heat flux and evaporation during the daytime. These results are important for characterizing the thermal behavior of the lagoon leading to a better representation of processes responsible for emissions. C1 [Quintanar, A. I.; Mahmood, R.; Motley, M. V.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [Loughrin, J. H.; Lovanh, N.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY USA. RP Quintanar, AI (reprint author), Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. EM Arturo.quintanar@wku.edu FU USDA [58-6445-6-068] FX This work is funded by the USDA grant#58-6445-6-068. The authors thank Astrid Gonzalez for technical assistance NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 923 EP 932 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544BG UT WOS:000273625700013 ER PT J AU Pan, Z Li, X Bingol, G McHugh, TH Atungulu, GG AF Pan, Z. Li, X. Bingol, G. McHugh, T. H. Atungulu, G. G. TI TECHNICAL NOTE: DEVELOPMENT OF INFRARED RADIATION HEATING METHOD FOR SUSTAINABLE TOMATO PEELING SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Peeling; Infrared Radiation; Tomato; Lye Peeling; Environment ID PROCESSING TOMATOES; STEAM; FRUITS; PEELABILITY; VEGETABLES; QUALITY; PEACHES; YIELD; LYE AB Although lye peeling is the widely industrialized method for producing high quality peeled fruit and vegetable products, the peeling method has resulted in negative impacts by significantly exerting both environmental and economic pressure on the tomato processing industry due to its associated salinity issues and wastewater disposal problems. The objective of this research was to develop alternative peeling methods with reduced or no caustic usage to produce high quality peeled tomatoes. The feasibility of using infrared radiation (IR) peeling and lye-IR peeling as alternative technologies was evaluated against control treatment which used regular lye peeling alone. Peeling performance and peeled tomato quality of three tomato cultivars were determined. The metrics for peeling performance were peelability, peeling easiness, and peeling weight loss. The color and texture of peeled tomatoes were measured as quality indicators. The study showed that IR peeling resulted in a similar peeling easiness but yielded lower peeling loss and firmer peeled product for the same or slightly longer peeling time when compared to regular lye peeling method. Pretreatment with low concentration of lye solution prior to IR treatment did not show any advantages over IR peeling alone. Because IR dry-peeling produced high quality product without using water and salts, it is concluded that it has a good potential as an alternative peeling method to the regular lye peeling method. C1 [Pan, Z.; Bingol, G.; McHugh, T. H.] USDA ARS WRRC, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Atungulu, G. G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Pan, Z (reprint author), USDA ARS WRRC, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM zhongli.pan@ars.usda.gov RI Li, Xuan/J-5786-2015 FU California League of Food Processors FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Martin Medina at Button & Turkovich Company for providing the tomatoes and the California League of Food Processors for their financial support towards this research. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 935 EP 941 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544BG UT WOS:000273625700014 ER PT J AU Davies, AP Takashino, K Watanabe, M Miura, K AF Davies, Andrew P. Takashino, Kenji Watanabe, Masaya Miura, Kazuki TI Parental genetic traits in offspring from inter-specific crosses between introduced and indigenous Diadegma Foerster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): Possible effects on conservation genetics SO APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diadegma semiclausum; D. fenestrale; hybrid; conservation genetics ID PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA LEPIDOPTERA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; TRICHOGRAMMA HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SEQUENCES; HYBRIDIZATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; AUSTRALIA; ECOLOGY; PARASITOIDS AB The effects of natural enemy releases on conservation genetics within ecosystems are rarely considered. Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was introduced and continues to be released for biological control of diamondback moth in Japan. Diadegma semiclausum and indigenous Diadegma fenestrale (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) share geographic ranges and hosts, and produce offspring when mated under laboratory conditions. We used DNA to examine whether offspring from inter-specific one-way parental crosses (D. semiclausum female and D. fenestrale male) were. hybrid, as some Hymenoptera (e.g. Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)) exhibit thelytokous reproduction by gynogenesis. Molecular analyses revealed offspring mtDNA (COI) is maternally inherited, as expected, but rRNA (ITS-2) originates from both parents. Should similar hybridization occur in the field beyond the F1 generation, genetic mixing is a possible consequence that may influence biological control efficacy or pollute native population genetics. C1 [Davies, Andrew P.; Miura, Kazuki] Natl Agr Res Ctr Western Reg, Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Hiroshima 7218514, Japan. [Takashino, Kenji] Natl Agr Res Ctr Tohoku Reg, Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Morioka, Iwate 0200198, Japan. [Watanabe, Masaya; Miura, Kazuki] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Biosphere Sci, Hiroshima 7398511, Japan. RP Davies, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM andrew.davies@ars.usda.gov FU National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science FX This project was funded by the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Thanks go to Myron Zalucki, who offered advice regarding earlier drafts of the manuscript, Kristie Morris, Tetsuya Adachi, and Atsushi Chigira for technical assistance, and Tatsuya Ikeda and the Department of Crop Breeding WeNARC for access to laboratory equipment. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU JAPAN SOC APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL PI TOKYO PA 1-43-11 KOMAGOME TOSHIMA-KU, TOKYO, 170, JAPAN SN 0003-6862 J9 APPL ENTOMOL ZOOL JI Appl. Entomol. Zoolog. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 44 IS 4 BP 535 EP 541 DI 10.1303/aez.2009.535 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 548XO UT WOS:000274003400007 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Ngo, HL Solaiman, DKY Strahan, G AF Ashby, Richard D. Ngo, Helen L. Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Strahan, Gary TI Methyl-branched poly(hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis from 13-methyltetradecanoic acid and mixed isostearic acid isomer substrates SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biopolymer; Poly(hydroxyalkanoate); Pseudomonas resinovorans; Isostearic acid; 13-Methyltetradecanoic acid ID CHAIN-LENGTH POLY(HYDROXYALKANOATES); BACTERIAL POLYHYDROXYALKANOIC ACIDS; PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; UNSATURATED MONOMERS; POLYESTERS; POLY(BETA-HYDROXYALKANOATES); POLY(3-HYDROXYALKANOATES); CITRONELLOLIS; ACCUMULATION; OXIDATION AB Pseudomonas resinovorans, a known medium-chain-length (mcl-) poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) producer, was grown on 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (13-MTDA) and a mixture of isostearic acid (IA) isomers to produce methyl-branched mcl-PHA polymers. Shake-flask experiments revealed polymer productivities (the percent of the cell mass that is polymer) of 31 +/- 1% (n = 3) and 23 +/- 3% (n = 3) when grown in 13-MTDA and IA, respectively. Monomer content was determined by a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of the acid hydrolyzed, silylated methyl esters, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results showed that the mcl-PHA polymer derived from 13-MTDA was primarily composed of 3-hydroxy-7-methyloctanoic acid and 3-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid (67 and 16 mol% by GC/MS, respectively). In contrast, the mcl-polymers synthesized from the IA isomeric mixture were more complex, containing both even and odd chain-length monomers as well as varying distributions of methyl-branched derivatives. The PHA distributions among the C8, C10, C12, and C14 carbon chain-length monomers included three isomers of C8, five isomers of C10, seven isomers of C12, and nine isomers of C14 each containing one linear-chain derivative and n-6 methyl-branched derivatives where n equals the total number of carbon atoms in each monomer unit (C8-C14). C1 [Ashby, Richard D.; Ngo, Helen L.; Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.; Strahan, Gary] ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM Rick.Ashby@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 85 IS 2 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1007/s00253-009-2134-1 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 515NX UT WOS:000271480200014 PM 19644690 ER PT J AU Sohn, M Himmelsbach, DS Barton, FE Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Sohn, Miryeong Himmelsbach, David S. Barton, Franklin E., II Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. TI Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Rapid Detection and Classification of Bacterial Pathogens SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence spectroscopy; Fluorescence; Synchronous scan; Bacterial pathogens; Principal component analysis; PCA; E. coli; Salmonella; Campylobacter ID REAL-TIME PCR; SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; SALMONELLA; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES; SYSTEM; FOOD; DIFFERENTIATION; SPECTRA AB This study deals with the rapid detection and differentiation of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter, which are the most commonly identified commensal and pathogenic bacteria in foods, using fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Each bacterial sample cultured under controlled conditions was diluted in physiologic saline for analysis. Fluorescence spectra were collected over a range of 200-700 nm with 0.5 nm intervals on the PerkinElmer Fluorescence Spectrometer. The synchronous scan technique was employed to find the optimum excitation (lambda(ex)) and emission (lambda(cm)) wavelengths for individual bacteria with the wavelength interval (Delta lambda) being varied from 10 to 200 nm. The synchronous spectra and two-dimensional plots showed two maximum) lambda(ex) values at 225 nm and 280 nm and one maximum lambda(em) at 335-345 nm (lambda(em) = lambda(ex) + Delta lambda), which correspond to the lambda(ex) = 225 nm, Delta lambda = 110-120 nm, and lambda(ex) = 280 nm, Delta lambda = 60-65 nm. For all three bacterial genera, the same synchronous scan results were obtained. The emission spectra from the three bacteria groups were very similar, creating difficulty in classification. However, the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to the fluorescence spectra resulted in successful classification of the bacteria by their genus as well as determining their concentration. The detection limit was approximately 10(3)-10(4) cells/mL for each bacterial sample. These results demonstrated that fluorescence spectroscopy, when coupled with PCA processing, has the potential to detect and to classify bacterial pathogens in liquids. The methology is rapid (<10 min), inexpensive, and requires minimal sample preparation compared to standard analytical methods for bacterial detection. C1 [Sohn, Miryeong; Himmelsbach, David S.; Barton, Franklin E., II; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Sohn, M (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM miryeong.sohn@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 26 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1251 EP 1255 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 521NU UT WOS:000271929400008 PM 19891833 ER PT J AU Fairchild, JF Allert, AL Feltz, KP Nelson, KJ Valle, JA AF Fairchild, J. F. Allert, A. L. Feltz, K. P. Nelson, K. J. Valle, J. A. TI An Ecological Risk Assessment of the Acute and Chronic Effects of the Herbicide Clopyralid to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE SENSITIVITY; BULL TROUT; RANGELAND AB Clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a pyridine herbicide frequently used to control invasive, noxious weeds in the northwestern United States. Clopyralid exhibits low acute toxicity to fish, including the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). However, there are no published chronic toxicity data for clopyralid and fish that can be used in ecological risk assessments. We conducted 30-day chronic toxicity studies with juvenile rainbow trout exposed to the acid form of clopyralid. The 30-day maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for growth, calculated as the geometric mean of the no observable effect concentration (68 mg/L) and the lowest observable effect concentration (136 mg/L), was 96 mg/L. No mortality was measured at the highest chronic concentration tested (273 mg/L). The acute:chronic ratio, calculated by dividing the previously published 96-h acutely lethal concentration (96-h ALC(50); 700 mg/L) by the MATC was 7.3. Toxicity values were compared to a four-tiered exposure assessment profile assuming an application rate of 1.12 kg/ha. The Tier 1 exposure estimation, based on direct overspray of a 2-m deep pond, was 0.055 mg/L. The Tier 2 maximum exposure estimate, based on the Generic Exposure Estimate Concentration model (GEENEC), was 0.057 mg/L. The Tier 3 maximum exposure estimate, based on previously published results of the Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems model (GLEAMS), was 0.073 mg/L. The Tier 4 exposure estimate, based on published edge-of-field monitoring data, was estimated at 0.008 mg/L. Comparison of toxicity data to estimated environmental concentrations of clopyralid indicates that the safety factor for rainbow trout exposed to clopyralid at labeled use rates exceeds 1000. Therefore, the herbicide presents little to no risk to rainbow trout or other salmonids such as the threatened bull trout. C1 [Fairchild, J. F.; Allert, A. L.; Feltz, K. P.] US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Nelson, K. J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Valle, J. A.] US Forest Serv, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Fairchild, JF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Columbia Environm Res Ctr, 4200 New Haven Rd, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM jfairchild@usgs.gov FU US Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program [6018-1-3-N5]; US Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program [03-IA-1015600-040] FX We thank Lynne Johnson Steve Olson, and Deanna Stoppler for their technical assistance on the project. Clopyralid was donated by Dow Agrosciences LLC. Nile Kemble and Thomas May provided reviews of the paper under the USGS Fundamental Science Practices Policy. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was jointly funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Division of Environmental Quality Off-Refuge Contaminant Investigation Program (Agreement 6018-1-3-N5), the US Forest Service Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (Agreement 03-IA-1015600-040), and the US Geological Survey. No private funding was requested or received in the conduct of these studies. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 57 IS 4 BP 725 EP 731 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9381-0 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 509AP UT WOS:000270983600011 PM 19777152 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Druffel, KL Whitworth, J Pavek, MJ Pappu, HR AF Lin, Y. H. Druffel, K. L. Whitworth, J. Pavek, M. J. Pappu, Hanu R. TI Molecular characterization of two potato virus S isolates from late-blight-resistant genotypes of potato (Solanum tuberosum) SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; GENOME; RNA; MOVEMENT C1 [Lin, Y. H.; Druffel, K. L.; Pappu, Hanu R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Whitworth, J.] USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID USA. [Pavek, M. J.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pappu, HR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, POB 646430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM hrp@wsu.edu FU Washington State Potato Commission; Washington State Commission for Pesticide Registration; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center [WNPO 0545] FX This research was supported in part by funding from the Washington State Potato Commission and the Washington State Commission for Pesticide Registration, PPNS No. 0507, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center, Project # WNPO 0545, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 991646430, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1861 EP 1863 DI 10.1007/s00705-009-0486-6 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 511VC UT WOS:000271198100020 PM 19820893 ER PT J AU Vega-Lopez, S Matthan, NR Ausman, LM Ai, M Otokozawa, S Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Vega-Lopez, Sonia Matthan, Nirupa R. Ausman, Lynne M. Ai, Masumi Otokozawa, Seiko Schaefer, Ernst J. Lichtenstein, Alice H. TI Substitution of vegetable oil for a partially-hydrogenated fat favorably alters cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Cardiovascular disease; Trans fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Lipoproteins; Partially hydrogenated fat; Vegetable oil; LDL-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol; hsCRP; CETP; LCAT ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; TRANSFER PROTEIN-ACTIVITY; FED CONTROLLED DIETS; TRANS-FATTY; HYPERLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; DIFFERENT FORMS; PLASMA-LIPIDS; STEARIC-ACID AB Objective: Compared to vegetable oils in their unmodified state, partially-hydrogenated fat is associated with less favorable effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Acceptable alternatives must be adjudicated. Our objective was to assess the effect of a recent commercial fat substitution, corn oil for partially-hydrogenated soybean oil. Methods: Using a double-blind cross-over design, 30 postmenopausal women >= 50 years with LDLcholesterol concentrations >= 120 mg/dL were randomly assigned to each of two 35-day phases; all food and beverage was provided to maintain body weight. Corn or partially-hydrogenated soybean oil was incorporated throughout the diet and contributed two-thirds of fat. Primary outcomes included fasting and non-fasting lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and fasting high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations; secondary outcomes included fasting small dense LDL (sdLDL)-cholesterol, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RemLC), glycated albumin, adiponectin and immunoreactive insulin concentrations, and endogenous cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP) and lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activities. Results: Relative to the partially-hydrogenated soybean oil enriched diet, the corn oil enriched diet resulted in lower fasting total cholesterol (7%; P < 0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (10%; P < 0.0001), VLDL-cholesterol ( 7%; P = 0.052), apo B ( 9%; P < 0.0001), lipoprotein ( a) [Lp(a)] (5%; P = 0.024), sdLDL-cholesterol (17%; P = 0.001), and RemLC (20%; P = 0.007) concentrations, and no significant effect on the other outcomes. Changes in postprandial (4-h post-meal) lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations were similar to the fasting state. Conclusion: The replacement of partially-hydrogenated soybean oil with corn oil favorably affects a range of CVD risk factors and is an appropriate option to decrease cardiovascular disease risk factors in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Vega-Lopez, Sonia; Matthan, Nirupa R.; Ausman, Lynne M.; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Ai, Masumi; Otokozawa, Seiko; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Alice.Lichtenstein@Tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL054727, R01 HL054727-03, R01 HL054727-05, R01 HL054727-07, R01 HL054727-04, HL 54727, R01 HL054727-06] NR 34 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD NOV PY 2009 VL 207 IS 1 BP 208 EP 212 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.039 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 528QE UT WOS:000272460700033 PM 19423109 ER PT J AU Gillam, EH McCracken, GF Westbrook, JK Lee, YF Jensen, ML Balsley, BB AF Gillam, Erin H. McCracken, Gary F. Westbrook, John K. Lee, Ya-Fu Jensen, Michael L. Balsley, Ben B. TI Bats aloft: variability in echolocation call structure at high altitudes SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Echolocation; Bats; High altitude; Signal plasticity; Tadarida ID FREE-TAILED BATS; SONAR SIGNAL-DESIGN; TADARIDA-BRASILIENSIS; ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLIGHT; BEHAVIOR; CHIROPTERA; INSECTS; HABITAT AB Bats alter their echolocation in response to changes in ecological and behavioral conditions, but little is known about how they adjust call structure in response to changes in altitude. We examined altitudinal variation in the echolocation of Brazilian free-tailed bats, Tadarida brasiliensis, a species known to fly to altitudes of 3,000 m above the ground. From 50.2 h of recordings, we analyzed 113 high-quality echolocation call sequences recorded from 0 to 862 m above ground level. Bats flying near the ground used shorter, higher-frequency, broader-bandwidth calls compared to bats at higher altitudes, an effect likely due to the greater levels of echo-producing clutter (i.e., vegetation, buildings) found near the ground. When ground-level recordings are excluded, bats continue to shift towards the use of longer-duration, lower-frequency, narrower-bandwidth calls with increasing altitude. We propose that the observed high-altitude changes in call structure are a response to changing acoustic attenuation rates and/or decreasing insect densities at higher altitudes. C1 [Gillam, Erin H.; McCracken, Gary F.; Lee, Ya-Fu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Westbrook, John K.] USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Jensen, Michael L.; Balsley, Ben B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gillam, EH (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dept 2715, 218 Stevens Hall,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Erin.Gillam@ndsu.edu OI McCracken, Gary/0000-0002-2493-8103 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 64 IS 1 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s00265-009-0819-1 PG 11 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 508ZL UT WOS:000270979500008 ER PT J AU Wood, WF Copeland, JP Yates, RE Horsey, IK McGreevy, LR AF Wood, William F. Copeland, Jeffrey P. Yates, Richard E. Horsey, Iman K. McGreevy, Lynne R. TI Potential semiochemicals in urine from free ranging wolverines (Gulo gulo Pallas, 1780) SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gulo gulo; Wolverine; Scent Marking; Urine; Terpenes; Physiology ID CHEMICAL SCENT CONSTITUENTS; PREDATOR ODORS; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; ALPHA-PINENE; HERBIVORES; IDENTIFICATION; RATTUS; BIOTRANSFORMATION; RECOGNITION; REPELLENTS AB Urine deposition has been observed as an important scent-marking behaviour among wolverines (Gulo gulo, Mustelinae, Mustelidae). Solid phase microextraction (SPME) of headspace volatiles of the urine from free ranging wolverines were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Urine samples were collected directly from the bladder of live-trapped animals or from frozen samples deposited in snow. Nineteen potential semiochemicals were identified in the headspace from 22 urine samples. The composition of these volatile compounds varied by type and amount with each sample, but a number of chemicals were regularly found in many samples. The most commonly found constituents were the ketones; 2-heptanone, 4-heptanone and 4-nonanone; and the terpenes: alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, linalool and geraniol. Mammalian urinary discharge of ingested alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, limonene and other hydrocarbon terpenes is. unusual, as these compounds are usually oxidized before excretion. The source of the hydrocarbon monoterpenes likely includes conifer needles, as they have been found in wolverine scat. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wood, William F.; Horsey, Iman K.; McGreevy, Lynne R.] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Chem, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Copeland, Jeffrey P.; Yates, Richard E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Wood, WF (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Chem, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM wfw2@humboldt.edu OI Wood, William/0000-0002-2991-0054 FU The Glacier National Park Fund; A Wilburforce Foundation Science; The University of Montana; The National Park Service; Earth Friends Wildlife Foundation; Chase Wildlife Foundation; Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative; Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks; Wildlife Land Trust FX We thank Dan Savage, DVM, Marci Johnson, and Rebecca Hadwen for help in collection of the samples. Support for the field collection of samples was provided by The Glacier National Park Fund, A Wilburforce Foundation Science Grant, The University of Montana, The National Park Service, Earth Friends Wildlife Foundation, Chase Wildlife Foundation, Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, and the Wildlife Land Trust. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 37 IS 5 BP 574 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.bse.2009.09.007 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 556RU UT WOS:000274609700005 ER PT J AU King, DI Chandler, RB Collins, JM Petersen, WR Lautzenheiser, TE AF King, David I. Chandler, Richard B. Collins, Jeffrey M. Petersen, Wayne R. Lautzenheiser, Thomas E. TI Effects of width, edge and habitat on the abundance and nesting success of scrub-shrub birds in powerline corridors SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Avian; Early-successional; Landscape; Right-of-way; Shrubland ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; RIGHTS-OF-WAY; FOREST SONGBIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; LINE CORRIDORS; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; PATCH SHAPE; CLEAR-CUT; LANDSCAPE; SIZE AB Concern about declines in scrub-shrub bird populations has resulted in efforts to create and maintain habitat for these species. Vegetation within powerline corridors is managed to prevent contact of vegetation with transmission lines, and comprises approximately 2% of all of habitat for scrub-shrub birds in southern New England. Although previous studies have documented the use of powerline corridors by scrub-shrub birds, important questions remain about the factors affecting the quality of corridors as habitat for these species. We surveyed birds and monitored nests on 15 corridors in western Massachusetts during 2002 and 2003 to determine whether scrub-shrub birds occupy and successfully reproduce in powerline corridors, and to identify the principal factors affecting scrub-shrub abundance and nesting success. We found that corridors were occupied by scrub-shrub birds of high regional conservation priority, however, four of seven focal scrub-shrub bird species were scarce or absent in narrow corridors, and the abundance of these species was highest in corridors of intermediate width. Overall, nest survival was low (0.14) at these sites relative to other types of early successional habitats in the region, however, if we consider only our sites that were wider than the median width (>= 49 m), nest survival in corridors was (0.33), similar to survival rates reported in other studies of scrub-shrub birds. We conclude that powerline corridors provide habitat for early successional birds of conservation concern, with wider corridors (>= 50 m) contributing more to regional conservation of these species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [King, David I.] Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Collins, Jeffrey M.; Petersen, Wayne R.; Lautzenheiser, Thomas E.] Massachusetts Audubon Soc, Lincoln, MA 01773 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, No Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, 201 Holdsworth NRC, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dking@fs.fed.us; rchandler@nrc.umass.edu; jcollins@massaudubon.org; wpetersen@massaudubon.org; tlautzenheiser@massaudubon.org RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016 FU Northeastern Utilities Foundation; US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Bird Habitat Conservation FX We wish to thank the Northeastern Utilities Foundation and the US Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Bird Habitat Conservation for providing funding for this project, and for the following individuals for their help with the field work: H. Bowers M. Conca, M. Kolan, N. Marcy, B. Mazzei, E. Miller, B. Packard, I. Paulman, A. Stein, J. Strules, and M. Williams. J. Confer and S.K. Davis provided valuable comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 142 IS 11 BP 2672 EP 2680 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.016 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499FM UT WOS:000270203100033 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Pope, KL Wheeler, CA AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Pope, Karen L. Wheeler, Clara A. TI How reliable are amphibian population metrics? A response to Kroll et al. SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Terrestrial salamanders; Age structure; Body condition; Forest monitoring; Plethodon elongatus; Plethodon stormi ID DETECTION PROBABILITY PARAMETERS; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; NEW-WORLD POPULATIONS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHY; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; BODY CONDITION AB Kroll et al. [Kroll, A.J., Runge, J.P., MacCracken, J.G., 2009. Unreliable amphibian population metrics may obfuscate more than they reveal. Biological Conservation] criticized our recent advocacy for combining readily attainable metrics of population status to gain insight about relationships between terrestrial plethodontid salamanders and forest succession [Welsh, Jr., H.H., Pope, K.L., Wheeler, C.A., 2008. Using multiple metrics to assess the effects of forest succession on population status: a comparative study of two terrestrial salamanders in the US Pacific Northwest. Biological Conservation 141, 1149-1160]. They argue that each of our metrics has the potential to be biased or flawed and, therefore, any inferences so derived are likely to be uncertain and misleading. One of our main goals was to highlight the value of combining multiple quantitative approaches with logic, knowledge of species' biology and parsimony when interpreting findings, as a means to counter uncertainty that might occur with any single metric. We applied a sampling design that minimizes the chance of bias in detections and counts, included multiple statistical methods to test relationships, and incorporated past research and species' biology when interpreting findings. We disagree with Kroll et al. [Kroll, A.J., Runge, J.P., MacCracken, J.G., 2009. Unreliable amphibian population metrics may obfuscate more than they reveal. Biological Conservation] that the potential biases associated with the individual metrics mean that the inferences from the study are too uncertain to be useful by managers. We examined metrics that are more informative than simple site occupancy, including relative abundance, life stage distributions, and body condition, to inform our knowledge of population status. Combining metrics allows us to use readily attainable data to yield deeper insights into population structure and related spatial aspects. We agree on the value of having the most detailed and accurate data possible, but do not believe this standard should limit one to conducting only intensive experimental studies to provide detailed information on vital rates of terrestrial salamanders. The controlled experiment approach is extremely difficult and would be considerably less feasible than using population metrics to assess the status of plethodontid salamanders on forest landscapes at scales relevant to land management in the Pacific Northwest. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.; Pope, Karen L.; Wheeler, Clara A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us; kpope@fs.fed.us; cawheeler@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 142 IS 11 BP 2797 EP 2801 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.05.032 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 499FM UT WOS:000270203100047 ER PT J AU Weber, DC Lundgren, JG AF Weber, Donald C. Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Assessing the trophic ecology of the Coccinellidae: Their roles as predators and as prey SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Entomological-Society-of-America CY 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Entomol Soc Amer DE Biological control; Food web; Intraguild predation; Lady beetle; Nutrition; Predator; Gut analysis; PCR; Immunoassay; Isotopic analysis; Alkaloids ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; GUT-CONTENT-ANALYSIS; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; BEMISIA-TABACI HOMOPTERA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; INTRA-GUILD PREDATION; LADY BEETLE; GENERALIST PREDATORS; ARTHROPOD PREDATION AB Coccinellidae function in complex food webs as predators, as consumers of non-prey foods, and as prey or hosts of natural enemies. Dietary breadth and its implications remain largely unexplored. Likewise the nature and implications of interactions with other predators in the field are poorly understood. The use of biochemical tools based on nucleic acids, proteins, sugars and other components of coccinellid diets, expands our understanding of their trophic ecology - but only under field conditions in which coccinellids live, reproduce, forage, and consume prey (including intraguild prey), pollen, fungi, nectars, and other foods. We review the various methods which have been applied to the study of trophic relationships involving the Coccinellidae, their advantages and disadvantages, and some salient innovations and results produced by the range of technologies and their combinations. We advocate employing multiple tools to generate a more complete picture of the trophic ecology of a predator. The false perceptions of the strength and direction of trophic linkages that can result from a methodologically narrow approach are well illustrated by the laboratory and field assessments of coccinellids as intraguild predators, a phenomenon that is discussed in detail here. Assessing intraguild predation. and the breadth of prey and non-prey foods of the Coccinellidae, is essential to the understanding of this group, and for their application as biological control agents. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Weber, Donald C.] ARS, USDA, PSI, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Weber, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PSI, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 107,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Don.Weber@ars.usda.gov NR 198 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 6 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 SI SI BP 199 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.013 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 505LW UT WOS:000270696000001 ER PT J AU Giorgi, JA Vandenberg, NJ McHugh, JV Forrester, JA Silpinski, SA Miller, KB Shapiro, LR Whiting, MF AF Giorgi, Jose Adriano Vandenberg, Natalia J. McHugh, Joseph V. Forrester, Juanita A. Silpinski, S. Adam Miller, Kelly B. Shapiro, Lori R. Whiting, Michael F. TI The evolution of food preferences in Coccinellidae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Lady beetles; Ladybirds; Ladybugs; Food preference; Prey; Evolution; Trophic shifts; Phylogeny; Coleoptera; Coccinellidae; Cerylonid Series; Cucujoidea ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; ENDOMYCHIDAE COLEOPTERA; MULSANT COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HIEROGLYPHICA COL; LADYBIRD BEETLES; NATURAL ENEMIES; PHYLOGENY; HEMIPTERA AB Despite the familiarity and economic significance of Coccinellidae, the family has thus far escaped analysis by rigorous phylogenetic methods. As a result, the internal classification remains unstable and there is no framework with which to interpret evolutionary events within the family. Coccinellids exhibit a wide range of preferred food types spanning kingdoms, and trophic levels. To provide an evolutionary perspective on coccinellid feeding preferences, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 62 taxa based on the ribosomal nuclear genes 18S and 28S. The entire dataset consists of 3957 aligned nucleotide sites, 787 of which are parsimony informative. Bayesian and parsimony analyses were performed. Host preferences were mapped onto the Bayesian tree to infer food preference transitions. Our results indicate that the ancestral feeding condition for Coccinellidae is coccidophagy. From the ancestral condition, there have been at least three transitions to aphidophagy and one transition to leaf-eating phytophagy. A second transition to leaf-eating phytophagy arose within an aphidophagous/pollinivorous clade. The mycophagous condition in Halyziini originated from aphidophagy. Our findings suggest that polyphagy served as an evolutionary stepping stone for primarily predaceous groups to adopt new feeding habits. The analyses recovered a clade comprising Serangiini plus Microweiseini as the sister group to the rest of Coccinellidae. The subfamilies Coccinellinae and Epilachninae are monophyletic; however, Sticholotidinae, Chilocorinae, Scymninae, and Coccidulinae are paraphyletic. Our results do not support the traditional view of phylogenetic relationships among the coccinellid subfamilies. These results indicate that the current classification system poorly reflects the evolution of Coccinellidae and therefore requires revision. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Giorgi, Jose Adriano; McHugh, Joseph V.; Forrester, Juanita A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Vandenberg, Natalia J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Silpinski, S. Adam] CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Miller, Kelly B.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Shapiro, Lori R.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Whiting, Michael F.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Whiting, Michael F.] Brigham Young Univ, ML Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Giorgi, JA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, 413 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM coccinellid@gmail.com RI Slipinski, Stanislaw Adam/B-4293-2009; Miller, Kelly/I-6651-2012; McHugh, Joseph/P-7417-2015 OI McHugh, Joseph/0000-0002-7954-6254 FU N.S.F [DEB-0329115, EF-0531665] FX This work was supported by N.S.F. PEET Grant DEB-0329115 (to J.V.M., K.B.M., and M.F.W.) and N.S.F. AToL Grant EF-0531665 (to M.F.W. and subcontract to J.V.M.). Additional support was provided by the Department of Entomology and the H.H. Ross Memorial Fund at The University of Georgia. The senior author thanks all members of the McHugh Lab and Whiting Lab for their assistance with various phases of the project. NR 142 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 SI SI BP 215 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.019 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 505LW UT WOS:000270696000002 ER PT J AU Biddinger, DJ Weber, DC Hull, LA AF Biddinger, David J. Weber, Donald C. Hull, Larry A. TI Coccinellidae as predators of mites: Stethorini in biological control SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Coccinellidae; Stethorus; Acari; Acariphagous; Tetranychid; Spider mites ID PUNCTUM-COLEOPTERA-COCCINELLIDAE; PLATYNOTA-IDAEUSALIS LEPIDOPTERA; TETRANYCHUS-LINTEARIUS ACARI; BUD MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; EUROPEAN RED MITE; GORSE SPIDER-MITE; HERBIVORE POPULATION SUPPRESSION; LINKING INSECTICIDE BIOASSAYS; NIGRIPES KAPUR COLEOPTERA; INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES AB The Stethorini are unique among the Coccinellidae in specializing on mites (principally Tetranychidae) as prey. Consisting of 90 species in two genera, Stethorus and Parasthethorus, the tribe is practically cosmopolitan. The Stethorini are found in a diverse range of habitats, including many agricultural systems such as pome and stone fruits, brambles, tree nuts, citrus, avocadoes, bananas, papaya, palms, tea, cassava, maize, strawberries, vegetables, and cotton, as well as ornamental plantings, grasslands, forests, and heathlands. Tetranychid mite outbreaks became common in many agricultural systems only after World War II, when widespread use of broad-spectrum insecticides increased. Stethorini were initially appreciated only for their ability to suppress severe outbreaks of tetranychid populations. However, research on their prey searching behaviors reveals that Stethorini use visual and olfactory stimuli to locate small mite colonies in patchy distributions, and can be very effective in regulating their prey at low densities. Moreover, acariphagous coccinellids colonize mite outbreaks earlier, and consume more pest mites, than many other mite predators. Key to the use of coccinellids in conservation biological control programs is the provision of overwintering habitats and refuges from pesticides in and near cropland. When these conditions are fulfilled, Stethorini often play important roles in maintaining suppression of tetranychid populations. Examples of successful biological mite control with Stethorini include apple orchards in Pennsylvania, USA, and citrus in Asia, and the unintended disruption of a tetranychid-based biological control program for the invasive woody weed, gorse, in Australia and New Zealand. The systematics and taxonomy of this group is challenging with many cryptic species, and molecular diagnostic tools are sorely needed. How best to utilize their mite-suppressive potential in diverse settings requires better knowledge of their requirements including utilization of alternative foods, refuges for dormancy and from nonselective pesticides, and host-finding mechanisms. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Biddinger, David J.; Hull, Larry A.] Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. [Weber, Donald C.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Biddinger, DJ (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, POB 330,290 Univ Dr, Biglerville, PA 17307 USA. EM djb134@psu.edu NR 229 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 SI SI BP 268 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.014 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 505LW UT WOS:000270696000006 ER PT J AU Lundgren, JG AF Lundgren, Jonathan G. TI Nutritional aspects of non-prey foods in the life histories of predaceous Coccinellidae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Biological control; Fungus; Lady beetles; Mixed diets; Meta-analysis; Omnivory; Pollen; Polyphagy; Sugar ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; EXTRA-FLORAL NECTARIES; SCYMNODES-LIVIDIGASTER MULSANT; IPOMOEA-CARNEA CONVOLVULACEAE; AMINO-ACID COMPLEMENTS; EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR; LADY-BEETLE; SUGAR COMPOSITION; SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA AB Non-prey foods are an integral component of the diets of most predaceous coccinellids. Under field conditions, numerous coccinellids consume nectar, honeydew, pollen, fruit, vegetation, and fungus. These non-prey foods are used by coccinellids to increase survival when prey is scarce, reduce mortality during diapause, fuel migration, and enhance reproductive capacity. Each of these non-prey foods has unique nutritional and defensive characteristics that influence its suitability for lady beetles. Quantitatively. nutrient and energy contents of these foods are often competitive with, or even exceed that, present in prey. Meta-analyses of literature were used to assess whether (I) some non-prey foods and prey are equivalent foods for coccinellids, and (2) prey-only diets and mixed diets involving prey and non-prey foods are equally suitable for coccinellids. Response variables were categorized as larval performance (e.g., development time, weight at eclosion), adult performance (e.g., adult longevity, weight change), and reproduction (e.g., fecundity, oviposition period). The analyses revealed that pollen is inferior to prey for supporting larval and adult performance, but that adult performance in sugar-fed adults was equal to that of prey-fed adults (although sugar alone does not support reproduction). Larval performance was enhanced substantially when they were reared on mixed diets compared to prey-only diets. Adding sugar to mixed diets strongly improved adult performance and reproduction over prey-only diets, but this was not the case with pollen in mixed diets. These results suggest that coccinellid larvae have more stringent nutritional requirements than adults, and that non-prey foods provide unique nutrients that enhance prey-only diets. Moreover, it suggests that simple carbohydrates are important dietary constituents capable of enhancing both adult performance and reproduction, although it is important to note that a range of prey species of variable quality for coccinellids are evaluated in this database. The literature review presented here suggests that non-prey foods are a critical component of coccinellid nutritional ecology, and may influence the success of conservation biological control programs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Lundgren, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM Jonathan.Lundgren@ars.usda.gov NR 155 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 58 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 294 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.016 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 505LW UT WOS:000270696000008 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW Cottrell, TE Kidd, KA AF Riddick, E. W. Cottrell, T. E. Kidd, K. A. TI Natural enemies of the Coccinellidae: Parasites, pathogens, and parasitoids SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Beauveria bassiona; Coccipolipus hippodamiae; Dinocampus coccinellae; Hesperomyces virescens; Pediobius foveolatus; Population dynamics ID MEXICAN BEAN BEETLE; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; CONVERGENS GUERIN-MENEVILLE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; WASP DINOCAMPUS-COCCINELLAE; ASIAN LADY BEETLE; HESPEROMYCES-VIRESCENS LABOULBENIALES; EPILACHNA-VARIVESTIS COLEOPTERA; ADAPTIVE PREFERENTIAL SELECTION; MALE-KILLING MICROORGANISMS AB We review aspects of the life histories of representative enemies of coccinellids (both entomophagous and phytophagous species) and expose both potential and real effects that they have on life parameters of their hosts. Lady beetles are attacked by a variety of natural enemies (bacteria, fungi, mites, nematodes, protozoa, wasps, flies). Few of these enemies have the ability to alter significantly the population dynamics of their hosts. This review should encourage further research to help define the role of natural enemies in the population dynamics of coccinellids. Ultimately, the conservation of beneficial lady beetles and the management of nuisance and pestiferous ones should be major emphases of research on coccinellid-natural enemy interactions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Riddick, E. W.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, Mid S Area, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Cottrell, T. E.] USDA ARS, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Kidd, K. A.] N Carolina Dept Ag & Cons Serv, Cary, NC 27511 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Natl Biol Control Lab, Mid S Area, POB 67,59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 106 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.008 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 505LW UT WOS:000270696000009 ER PT J AU Seagraves, MP AF Seagraves, Michael P. TI Lady beetle oviposition behavior in response to the trophic environment SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Review DE Coccinellidae; Reproductive strategy; Intraguild predation; Cannibalism; Honeydew; Frass; Larval tracks ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLA-SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; HETEROSPECIFIC LARVAL TRACKS; INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; APHID ALARM PHEROMONE; 2 PREDATORY LADYBIRDS; GREEN PEACH APHID; PATCH QUALITY AB The food available to coccinellid larvae and their exposure to predation is influenced by where they are placed as eggs. This review examines adult distribution and female oviposition strategies which in turn determine the distribution of coccinellid larvae in habitats. Immigration into a habitat can be influenced by visual and olfactory cues related to habitat quality. Adults are retained in a habitat if sufficient food resources are present. The abundance and quality of food in a habitat affects the reproductive output of a female and survival of larvae. Consequently. there is higher retention and oviposition preference for sites with abundant essential prey. Coccinellids also increase reproduction in response to non-prey foods (i.e., pollen), but avoid ovipositing in areas with copious amounts of honeydew. In laboratory studies, many plant-derived chemicals have been demonstrated to be attractants and oviposition stimulants. The need to place eggs in proximity to food for offspring must be weighed against the risk of cannibalism and intraguild predation. Lady beetles avoid egg predation by reducing oviposition where other adults are present, ovipositing on plants associated with less exposure or incidence of intraguild predation, and avoiding areas with tracks and frass of con- and heterospecific larvae. Indeed, deterrent cues for avoiding predation seem stronger than the positive ones associated with food. An understanding of the resources needed for successful reproduction and larval development in a habitat and the sensory cues that signal these resources, and thus elicit oviposition, may enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms affecting coccinellid distribution in habitats. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Seagraves, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM michael.seagraves@ars.usda.gov NR 158 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 71 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2009 VL 51 IS 2 SI SI BP 313 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.015 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 505LW UT WOS:000270696000010 ER PT J AU Bischoff, SR Tsai, S Hardison, N Motsinger-Reif, AA Freking, BA Nonneman, D Rohrer, G Piedrahita, JA AF Bischoff, Steve R. Tsai, Shengdar Hardison, Nicholas Motsinger-Reif, Alison A. Freking, Brad A. Nonneman, Dan Rohrer, Gary Piedrahita, Jorge A. TI Characterization of Conserved and Nonconserved Imprinted Genes in Swine SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; comparative genomic imprinting; epigenetics; gene regulation; genomic imprinting; parthenogenesis; placenta; swine parthenote ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; MONOALLELIC EXPRESSION; PLACENTAL EXPRESSION; CDNA MICROARRAY; MOUSE EMBRYOS; GROWTH; PIGS; IDENTIFICATION; IGF2; METHYLATION AB To increase our understanding of imprinted genes in swine, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of this gene family using two complementary approaches: expression and phenotypic profiling of parthenogenetic fetuses, and analysis of imprinting by pyrosequencing. The parthenote placenta and fetus were smaller than those of controls but had no obvious morphological differences at Day 28 of gestation. By Day 30, however, the parthenote placentas had decreased chorioallantoic folding, decreased chorionic ruggae, and reduction of fetal-maternal interface surface in comparison with stage-matched control fetuses. Using Affymetrix Porcine GeneChip microarrays and/or semiquantitative PCR, brain, fibroblast, liver, and placenta of Day 30 fetuses were profiled, and 25 imprinted genes were identified as differentially expressed in at least one of the four tissue types: AMPD3, CDKN1C, COPG2, DHCR7, DIRAS3, IGF2 (isoform specific), IGF2AS, IGF2R, MEG3, MEST, NAP1L5, NDN, NNAT, OSBPL1A, PEG3, APEG3, PEG10, PLAGL1, PON2, PPP1R9A, SGCE, SLC38A4, SNORD107, SNRPN, and TFPI2. For DIRAS3, PLAGL1, SGCE, and SLC38A4, tissue-specific differences were detected. in addition, we examined the imprinting status of candidate genes by quantitative allelic pyrosequencing. Samples were collected from Day 30 pregnancies generated from reciprocal crosses of Meishan and White Composite breeds, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in candidate genes. Imprinting was confirmed for DIRAS3, DLK1, H19, IGF2AS, NNAT, MEST, PEG10, PHLDA2, PLAGL1, SGCE, and SNORD107. We also found no evidence of imprinting in ASB4, ASCL2, CD81, COMMD1, DCN, DLX5, and H13. Combined, these results represent the most comprehensive survey of imprinted genes in swine to date. C1 [Bischoff, Steve R.; Tsai, Shengdar; Hardison, Nicholas; Piedrahita, Jorge A.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Bischoff, Steve R.; Tsai, Shengdar; Piedrahita, Jorge A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Hardison, Nicholas; Motsinger-Reif, Alison A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Bioinformat Res Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Freking, Brad A.; Nonneman, Dan; Rohrer, Gary] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Piedrahita, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Mol Biomed Sci, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jorge_piedrahita@ncsu.edu RI Tsai, Shengdar/G-4600-2012 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative [2005-35604-15343]; National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD048510]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship fellowship; North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine epigenetics doctoral fellowship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences training grant FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative grant 2005-35604-15343 to J.A.P. and B.A.F.; by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant HD048510 to J.A.P.; by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship fellowship to S.R.B. and S.T.; a North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine epigenetics doctoral fellowship to S.R.B.; an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to S,T.; and a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences training grant to N.H. This work was performed as part of an initiative from the Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine. NR 75 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 81 IS 5 BP 906 EP 920 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.109.078139 PG 15 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 509PP UT WOS:000271030700012 PM 19571260 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Runion, GB Tomecek, M Prior, SA Torbet, HA Sicher, R AF Ziska, Lewis H. Runion, G. Brett Tomecek, Martha Prior, Stephen A. Torbet, H. Allen Sicher, Richard TI An evaluation of cassava, sweet potato and field corn as potential carbohydrate sources for bioethanol production in Alabama and Maryland SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; Carbohydrate; Cassava (Manihot esculenta); Corn (Zea mays); Ethanol potential; Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas); Yield ID THERMODYNAMICS; ETHANOL; ENERGY AB The recent emphasis on corn production to meet the increasing demand for bioethanol has resulted in trepidation regarding the sustainability of the global food supply. To assess the potential of alternative crops as sources of bioethanol production, we grew sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and cassava (Manihot esculentum) at locations near Auburn, Alabama and Beltsville, Maryland in order to measure root carbohydrate (starch, sucrose, glucose) and root biomass. Averaged for both locations, sweet potato yielded the highest concentration of root carbohydrate (ca 80%), primarily in the form of starch (ca 50%) and sucrose (ca 30%); whereas cassava had root carbohydrate concentrations of (ca 55%), almost entirely as starch. For sweet potato, overall carbohydrate production was 9.4 and 12.7 Mg ha(-1) for the Alabama and Maryland sites, respectively. For cassava, carbohydrate production in Maryland was poor, yielding only 2.9 Mg ha(-1). However, in Alabama, carbohydrate production from cassava averaged similar to 10 Mg ha(-1). Relative to carbohydrate production from corn in each location, sweet potato and cassava yielded approximately 1.5x and 1.Gx as much carbohydrate as corn in Alabama; 2.3x and 0.5x for the Maryland site. If economical harvesting and processing techniques could be developed, these data suggest that sweet potato in Maryland, and sweet potato and cassava in Alabama, have greater potential as ethanol sources than existing corn systems, and as such, could be used to replace or offset corn as a source of biofuels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ziska, Lewis H.; Tomecek, Martha; Sicher, Richard] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Runion, G. Brett; Prior, Stephen A.; Torbet, H. Allen] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 1, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM l.ziska@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1503 EP 1508 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.07.014 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 515GB UT WOS:000271454700002 ER PT J AU Klasson, KT Wartelle, LH Lima, IM Marshall, WE Akin, DE AF Klasson, K. Thomas Wartelle, Lynda H. Lima, Isabel M. Marshall, Wayne E. Akin, Danny E. TI Activated carbons from flax shive and cotton gin waste as environmental adsorbents for the chlorinated hydrocarbon trichloroethylene SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Activated carbon; Agricultural by-products; Cotton gin waste; Flax shive; Trichloroethylene ID ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ESTIMATED COST; ALMOND SHELLS; AQUEOUS-PHASE; WATER; GROUNDWATER; GAS; REMOVAL; METALS AB Agricultural by-products represent a considerable quantity of harvested commodity crops. The use of by-products as precursors for the production of widely used adsorbents, such as activated carbons, may impart a value-added component of the overall biomass harvested. Our objective in this paper is to show that flax shive and cotton gin waste can serve as a precursor for activated carbon that can be used for adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) from both the liquid and gas phases. Testing was conducted on carbon activated with phosphoric acid or steam. The results show that activated carbon made from flax shive performed better than select commercial activated carbons, especially at higher TCE concentrations. The activation method employed had little effect on TCE adsorption in gas or vapor phase studies but liquid phase studies suggested that steam activation is slightly better than phosphoric acid activation. As expected, the capacity for the activated carbons depended on the fluid phase equilibrium concentration. At a fluid concentration of 2 mg of TCE/L of fluid, the capacity of the steam activated carbon made from flax shive was similar at 64 and 80 mg TCE/g of carbon for the vapor and liquid phases, respectively. Preliminary cost estimates suggest that the production Costs Of Such carbons are $1.50 to $8.90 per kg, depending on activation method and precursor material; steam activation was significantly less expensive than phosphoric acid activation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Klasson, K. Thomas; Wartelle, Lynda H.; Lima, Isabel M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Akin, Danny E.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Klasson, KT (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Thomas.Klasson@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 21 BP 5045 EP 5050 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.068 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 480NP UT WOS:000268742800017 PM 19540755 ER PT J AU Rosa, MF Chiou, BS Medeiros, ES Wood, DF Williams, TG Mattoso, LHC Orts, WJ Imam, SH AF Rosa, Morsyleide F. Chiou, Bor-sen Medeiros, Eliton S. Wood, Delilah F. Williams, Tina G. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. Orts, William J. Imam, Syed H. TI Effect of fiber treatments on tensile and thermal properties of starch/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers/coir biocomposites SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Natural fibers; Coir fibers; Surface treatment; Biocomposites; Mechanical and thermal properties ID COIR-POLYESTER COMPOSITES; TREATED JUTE FIBERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NATURAL FIBERS; SURFACE-TREATMENT; ALKALI TREATMENT; COCOS-NUCIFERA; MATRIX; BEHAVIOR; SISAL AB Coir fibers received three treatments, namely washing with water, alkali treatment (mercerization) and bleaching, Treated fibers were incorporated in starch/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) blends. Mechanical and thermal properties of starch/EVOH/coir biocomposites were evaluated. Fiber morphology and the fiber/matrix interface were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All treatments produced surface modifications and improved the thermal stability of the fibers and consequently of the composites. The best results were obtained for mercerized fibers where the tensile strength was increased by about 53% as compared to the composites with untreated fibers, and about 33.3% as compared to the composites without fibers. The mercerization improved fiber-matrix adhesion, allowing an efficient stress transfer from the matrix to the fibers. The increased adhesion between fiber and matrix was also observed by SEM. Treatment with water also improved values of Young's modulus which were increased by about 75% as compared to the blends without the fibers. Thus, starch/EVOH blends reinforced with the treated fibers exhibited superior properties than neat starch/EVOH. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rosa, Morsyleide F.; Chiou, Bor-sen; Medeiros, Eliton S.; Wood, Delilah F.; Williams, Tina G.; Orts, William J.; Imam, Syed H.] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rosa, Morsyleide F.] Embrapa Agroind Trop, BR-60511110 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecturia, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Imam, SH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WRRC, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM syed.imam@ars.usda.gov RI Medeiros, Eliton/C-5768-2013; Rosa, Morsyleide/G-2570-2013; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Rosa, Morsyleide/0000-0002-5224-9778; Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 FU EMBRAPA; Labex/program; CNPq; FINEP; CAPES; ARS/USDA FX The authors wish to thank the financial and technical Support given by EMBRAPA, Labex/program, CNPq, FINEP, CAPES, and ARS/USDA. NR 35 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 21 BP 5196 EP 5202 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.085 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 480NP UT WOS:000268742800039 PM 19560341 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ Russell, JB Muck, RE AF Weimer, Paul J. Russell, James B. Muck, Richard E. TI Lessons from the cow: What the ruminant animal can teach us about consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Cellulose; Consolidated bioprocessing; Rumen; Volatile fatty acids ID FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES S85; DAIRY-COWS; CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; RUMEN; SUPPLEMENTATION; FERMENTATION; PRETREATMENT; PASTURE; SACCHARIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES AB Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of cellulosic biomass is a promising source of ethanol. This process uses anaerobic bacteria, their own cellulolytic enzymes and fermentation pathways that convert the products of cellulose hydrolysis to ethanol in a single reactor. However, the engineering and economics of the process remain questionable. The ruminal fermentation is a very highly developed natural cellulose-degrading system. We propose that breakthroughs developed by cattle and other ruminant animals in cellulosic biomass conversion can guide future improvements in engineered CBP systems. These breakthroughs include, among others, an elegant and effective physical pretreatment; operation at high solids loading under non-aseptic conditions; minimal nutrient requirements beyond the plant biomass itself; efficient fermentation of nearly all plant components: efficient recovery of primary fermentation end-products; and production of useful co-products. Ruminal fermentation does not produce significant amounts of ethanol, but it produces volatile fatty acids and methane at a rapid rate. Because these alternative products have a high energy content, efforts should be made to recover these products and convert them to other organic compounds, particularly transportation fuels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Weimer, Paul J.; Russell, James B.; Muck, Richard E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Weimer, Paul J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Russell, James B.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Robert C Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Muck, Richard E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Paul.Weimer@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 21 BP 5323 EP 5331 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.075 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 480NP UT WOS:000268742800060 PM 19560344 ER PT J AU Vanotti, M Szogi, A Bernal, MP Martinez, J AF Vanotti, Matias Szogi, Ariel Pilar Bernal, Ma Martinez, Jose TI Livestock waste treatment systems of the future: A challenge to environmental quality, food safety, and sustainability. OECD Workshop SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vanotti, Matias; Szogi, Ariel] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Pilar Bernal, Ma] CSIC, Ctr Edafol & Biol Aplicada Segura, Dept Soil & Water Conservat & Organ Waste Managem, Murcia 30100, Spain. [Martinez, Jose] Cemagref, Environm & Biol Treatment Wastes Res Unit, F-35044 Rennes, France. RP Vanotti, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM matias.vanotti@ars.usda.gov; ariel.szogi@ars.usda.gov; pbernal@cebas.csic.es; jose.martinez@cemagref.fr RI Bernal, Maria Pilar/E-6057-2010 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 22 BP 5371 EP 5373 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.038 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 492KM UT WOS:000269654500001 PM 19682658 ER PT J AU Millner, PD AF Millner, Patricia D. TI Bioaerosols associated with animal production operations SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Livestock Waste Treatment Systems of the Future - A Challenge to Environment Quality, Food Safety and Sustainability CY APR 02-04, 2008 CL Florence, SC SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev DE Manure; Air dispersion; Pathogens; Organic dust; Odor ID SWINE CONFINEMENT BUILDINGS; MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS; AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; ENDOTOXIN EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTANTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; EMISSION RATES; HEALTH AB Air emissions from animal housing and manure management operations include a complex mixture of biological. microbial, and inorganic particulates along with odorous volatile compounds. This report highlights the state of current issues, technical knowledge, and remaining challenges to be addressed in evaluating the impacts of airborne microorganisms, dusts, and odorants on animals and workers at animal production facilities and nearby communities. Reports documenting bioaerosol measurements illustrate some of the technical issues related to sample collection, analysis, as well as dispersion and transport to off-farm locations. Approaches to analysis, mitigation and modeling transport are discussed in the context of the risk reduction and management of airborne spread of bioaerosols from animal operations. The need for standardization and validation of bioaerosol collection and analytical techniques for indoor as well as outdoor animal agriculture settings is critical to evaluation of health effects from modern animal production systems that are increasingly situated near communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 ARS, USDA, EMFSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Millner, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, EMFSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pat.millner@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 22 SI SI BP 5379 EP 5385 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.026 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 492KM UT WOS:000269654500003 PM 19395257 ER PT J AU Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA Millner, PD Loughrin, JH AF Vanotti, Matias B. Szogi, Ariel A. Millner, Patricia D. Loughrin, John H. TI Development of a second-generation environmentally superior technology for treatment of swine manure in the USA SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Livestock Waste Treatment Systems of the Future - A Challenge to Environment Quality, Food Safety and Sustainability CY APR 02-04, 2008 CL Florence, SC SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev DE Environmentally superior technology; Livestock waste treatment; Odor control; Pathogen inactivation; Phosphorus and ammonia removal ID WASTE-WATER; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; REDUCTION; LAGOONS; PHOSPHORUS; OPERATIONS; SEPARATION; REMOVAL; SOLIDS AB New swine waste management systems in North Carolina need to meet high performance standards of an environmentally superior technology (EST) regarding nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, pathogens, ammonia and odor emissions, and remain affordable and simple to operate. The objective of this study was to develop a second-generation treatment system that can achieve high EST standards at reduced costs. The system used solids separation, nitrification/denitrification and phosphorus removal/disinfection, and was demonstrated at full-scale on a 5145-head swine farm during three production cycles (15-months). Removal efficiencies were: 98% suspended solids, 97% ammonia, 95% phosphorus, 99% copper and zinc, 99.9% odors, and 99.99% pathogens. The system met EST standards at 1/3 the cost of the previous version. Animal health and productivity were enhanced; hog sales increased 32,900 kg/cycle (5.6%). These results demonstrated that: (I) significant cost reductions were achieved by on-farm implementation and continued engineering improvements, and (2) the new waste management system substantially benefited livestock productivity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vanotti, Matias B.; Szogi, Ariel A.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Millner, Patricia D.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Millner, Patricia D.] ARS, USDA, Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Loughrin, John H.] ARS, USDA, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Vanotti, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM matias.vanotti@ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 22 SI SI BP 5406 EP 5416 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.019 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 492KM UT WOS:000269654500008 PM 19286373 ER PT J AU Garcia, MC Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB Chastain, JP Millner, PD AF Garcia, M. C. Szogi, A. A. Vanotti, M. B. Chastain, J. P. Millner, P. D. TI Enhanced solid-liquid separation of dairy manure with natural flocculants SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Livestock Waste Treatment Systems of the Future - A Challenge to Environment Quality, Food Safety and Sustainability CY APR 02-04, 2008 CL Florence, SC SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev DE Animal waste; Biopolymers; Chitosan; Dairy cow wastewater; Solid-liquid separation ID FLUSHED SWINE MANURE; WASTE-WATER; CHITOSAN; REMOVAL; CHITIN AB The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of natural flocculants to reduce solids and nutrient loads in dairy cow wastewater using solid-liquid separation: chitosan was used as a model. Its use efficiency and optimum application rate were determined using flushed dairy cow manure of varied strengths - 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%. and 3.2% total solids (TS) content. Treatments consisted of nine rates of chitosan. The flocculated manure was dewatered using 1-mm and 0.25-mm screens. Separation by screening alone was not effective: average efficiencies were about 60% for total suspended solids (TSS), 22% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and 26% for total phosphorus (TP). Mixing with chitosan before screening substantially increased separation. At optimum chitosan rate (0.5 g/L for the highest strength effluent), separation efficiencies were >95% for TSS, >73% for TKN, and >54% for TP. The results of this study indicate that natural flocculants such as chitosan are useful for the solid-liquid separation treatment of livestock wastewater. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia, M. C.] Agr Technol Inst Castilla & Leon, Valladolid 47071, Spain. [Szogi, A. A.; Vanotti, M. B.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. [Chastain, J. P.] Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Millner, P. D.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Millner, P. D.] ARS, USDA, Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Garcia, MC (reprint author), Agr Technol Inst Castilla & Leon, Carretera Burgos,Km 119, Valladolid 47071, Spain. EM GarGonMi@itacyl.es NR 27 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 22 BP 5417 EP 5423 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.012 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 492KM UT WOS:000269654500009 PM 19071016 ER PT J AU Szogi, AA Vanotti, MB AF Szogi, A. A. Vanotti, M. B. TI Prospects for phosphorus recovery from poultry litter SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Livestock Waste Treatment Systems of the Future - A Challenge to Environment Quality, Food Safety and Sustainability CY APR 02-04, 2008 CL Florence, SC SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev DE Phosphorus; Phosphorus recovery; Poultry litter management; Recoverable phosphorus; N:P ratio ID BROILER LITTER; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS; NITROGEN; MANURE; WASTE; OPPORTUNITIES; AVAILABILITY; GASIFICATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Land disposal of poultry litter is an environmental concern often associated to excess phosphorus (P) in soils and potential water pollution in regions with intense poultry production. Although poultry litter can be moved off the farm and traded as fertilizer, its transportation becomes less economical with increasing distances from the farm. Thus, new litter management alternatives are needed to reduce the environmental impact of P litter application to land. This paper summarizes established and emerging alternative technologies in the U.S. that facilitate handling, concentration, and transporting of litter P. Furthermore, it examines the potential integration of technologies into poultry litter management systems that could reduce poultry litter volume and increase P content in litter by products. The adoption of alternative technologies may encourage new opportunities to produce bio-energy, fertilizer, and other valuable P byproducts from poultry litter while reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainable poultry production. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Szogi, A. A.; Vanotti, M. B.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Szogi, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Ariel.Szogi@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 22 SI SI BP 5461 EP 5465 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.071 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 492KM UT WOS:000269654500015 PM 19394817 ER PT J AU Ro, KS Cantrell, KB Hunt, PG Ducey, TF Vanotti, MB Szogi, AA AF Ro, K. S. Cantrell, K. B. Hunt, P. G. Ducey, T. F. Vanotti, M. B. Szogi, A. A. TI Thermochemical conversion of livestock wastes: Carbonization of swine solids SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Livestock Waste Treatment Systems of the Future - A Challenge to Environment Quality, Food Safety and Sustainability CY APR 02-04, 2008 CL Florence, SC SP Org Econ Co-Operat & Dev DE Animal manure; Charcoal; Pyrolysis; Thermal decomposition kinetics; Activation energy ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PYROLYSIS CHARACTERISTICS; NONISOTHERMAL KINETICS; CELLULOSE PYROLYSIS; BIOMASS PYROLYSIS; CHICKEN LITTER; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; CHARCOAL; WOOD AB Slow pyrolysis or carbonization promotes the conversion of animal manures such as swine manure into charcoal. In this paper, the carbonizing kinetics of swine solids taken from different treatment stages were investigated with a thermogravimetric analyzer. Compared to their biologically stabilized counterpart (lagoon sludge) with an activation energy of 160 kJ mol(-1), the activation energies for fresh swine solid samples such as homogenized flushed manure and dewatered solids were much lower between 92 and 95 kJ mol(-1). Compared to the kinetics of first order decomposition of cellulose, the pyrolytic decomposition of the swine manures were more complex with the reaction orders varying at 3.7 and 5.0. The two different mathematical methods employed in this paper yielded the similar values of activation energy (E) and pre-exponential factor (A), confirming the validity of these methods. The results of this study provide useful information for development of farm-scale swine solid carbonization process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ro, K. S.; Cantrell, K. B.; Hunt, P. G.; Ducey, T. F.; Vanotti, M. B.; Szogi, A. A.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Ro, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM kyoung.ro@ars.usda.gov OI Ducey, Thomas/0000-0001-8199-0584 NR 42 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 100 IS 22 SI SI BP 5466 EP 5471 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.005 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 492KM UT WOS:000269654500016 PM 19442517 ER PT J AU Magarey, RD Colunga-Garcia, M Fieselmann, DA AF Magarey, Roger D. Colunga-Garcia, Manuel Fieselmann, Daniel A. TI Plant Biosecurity in the United States: Roles, Responsibilities, and Information Needs SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE exotic pests; invasive pests; decision support systems; risk analysis; cyberinfrastructure ID RISK ANALYSIS; INSECT; SYSTEM; PESTS; RECOMMENDATIONS; MANAGEMENT; PATHOGENS; TRADE AB Plant biosecurity activities in the United States fall along a continuum ranging from offshore activities to the management of newly established exotic pests. For each step in the continuum, we examine the roles, responsibilities, and information needs of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and other agencies involved in plant biosecurity. Both costs and information needs increase dramatically as a pest penetrates deeper into the continumn. To help meet these information needs, we propose a cyberinfrastructure for plant biosecurity to link phytosanitary agencies, researchers, and stakeholders, including industry and the public. The cyberinfrastructurc should facilitate data collection, data integration, risk analysis, and reporting. We also emphasize the role of private industry in providing critical data for surveillance. We anticipate that this article will provide agricultural stakeholders, including scientists, with a better understanding of the information needs of phylosanitary organizations, and will ultimately lead to a more coordinated biosecurity effort. C1 [Magarey, Roger D.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Magarey, Roger D.; Colunga-Garcia, Manuel] USDA APHIS, PPQ Div, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Colunga-Garcia, Manuel] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Fieselmann, Daniel A.] USDA APHIS, PPQ, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Natl Sci Program, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Magarey, RD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Roger.D.Magarey@aphis.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA APHIS PPQ); Cooperative Agricultural Pest System program; National Research Initiative USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Servic [2006-55605-16658] FX We acknowledge financial support from the US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA APHIS PPQ) Emergency and Domestic Programs; the Cooperative Agricultural Pest System program; and the National Research Initiative USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service grant 2006-55605-16658. We thank Joe Russo, of ZedX, Inc.; Robert Griffin, of USDA APHIS PPQ Plant Health and Science and Technology Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory; Matt Royer, of USDA APHIS PPQ Emergency and Domestic Programs; and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the document. We thank Jessica Engle for advice on the databases included in table 2. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2009 VL 59 IS 10 BP 875 EP 884 DI 10.1525/bio.2009.59.10.9 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 514UB UT WOS:000271420000010 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Zhu, H Frantz, JM Reding, ME Chan, KC Ozkan, HE AF Yu, Y. Zhu, H. Frantz, J. M. Reding, M. E. Chan, K. C. Ozkan, H. E. TI Evaporation and coverage area of pesticide droplets on hairy and waxy leaves SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LEAF SURFACE; CONTACT-ANGLE; CUTICULAR PENETRATION; EFFICACY; DIFFUSION; ADJUVANTS; PATTERNS; SYSTEM; MODEL; FORMULATIONS AB The fate of pesticide droplets on leaves is significantly influenced by the fine structures found on leaf surfaces. Evaporation times and the maximum coverage areas of single droplets (246, 343, 575, 762, and 886 gm) on hairy and waxy geranium leaf surfaces were determined under controlled conditions. Stereoscopic sequential images of the droplet evaporation processes were taken for five droplet sizes, three relative humidity (RH) conditions and 13 different sprays. The sprays were combinations of water, a non-ionic colloidal polymer drift retardant, an alkyl polyoxyethylene surfactant, a fungicide and three insecticides. The evaporation time and maximum coverage area of droplets were significantly changed by adding the surfactant or drift retardant to the sprays, but not by adding fungicide or insecticide. Droplet evaporation times on waxy leaves were longer than those on hairy leaves. Evaporation times increased exponentially as droplet diameter and RH increased with limited variability of regression coefficients independent of spray type and leaf surface. The maximum coverage area of droplets also increased exponentially as droplet diameter increased but it was not significantly affected by RH. On the waxy geranium leaf surfaces, the coverage area of pesticide droplets decreased throughout the evaporating process and at all RH conditions, while, on hairy leaf surfaces for the same size droplets, and at the same RH conditions, the coverage area continued to spread until evaporation was nearly completed. Given that the duration of evaporation time and the extent of the coverage area affect pesticide distribution on waxy or hairy leaves, recommendations for pesticide dosage and spray methods should be taken into account for different leaf surfaces to obtain the optimum biological effect and reduced pesticide use. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Zhu, H.; Frantz, J. M.; Reding, M. E.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. [Yu, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, FABE, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Chan, K. C.] Albany State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Albany, GA USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 37 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 104 IS 3 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.08.006 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 522TR UT WOS:000272022300005 ER PT J AU Chun, JA Cooke, RA Eheart, JW Kang, MS AF Chun, J. A. Cooke, R. A. Eheart, J. W. Kang, M. S. TI Estimation of flow and transport parameters for woodchip-based bioreactors: I. laboratory-scale bioreactor SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID DENITRIFICATION KINETICS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BIOFILM GROWTH; POROUS-MEDIUM; GROUND-WATER; NITRATE; REMOVAL; NITRIFICATION; PERMEABILITY; DISPERSION AB In subsurface bioreactors used for tile drainage systems, carbon sources are used to facilitate denitrification. The objectives of this study were to investigate the validity of first- and zero-order reactions for a laboratory-scale bioreactor, and to estimate flow and transport parameters for a laboratory-scale bioreactor. The laboratory-scale bioreactor used in this study consisted of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe (0.25 m in diameter and 6.1 m in length) filled with woodchips, with a drainage control structure attached to each end. Creek water and deionised water with NO(3)-N concentrations ranging from 8 to 33.7 mg l(-1) was passed through the bioreactor at several flow rates. For the tests with creek water, complete (100%) nitrate reduction and approximately 10-40% nitrate reduction were observed at high retention times and at low retention times, respectively. The model CXTFIT2, developed by Toride et al. (1999, Research report No. 137, U.S. Salinity Lab., ARS, USDA, Riverside, California), and an analytical solution introduced by van Genuchten and Alves (1982, Technical Bulletin No. 1661, U.S. Salinity Lab., USDA, Riverside, California) were used to investigate the assumptions that the reactions obeyed first- and zero-order kinetics. The results revealed that the assumption of first-order reaction kinetics resulted in closer agreement between the model results and the data. However, the estimated reaction terms varied over a factor of 5. These variations were not improved with the single parameter estimation. From these laboratory-scale bioreactor studies, it was concluded that the assumptions of first-order decay for nitrate transport are justified for each single run, and that woodchip-based bioreactors may be suitable for significant nutrient reduction from agricultural fields, artificially drained by tile drain systems. (C) 2009 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, M. S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Eheart, J. W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cooke, R. A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Chun, J. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kang, MS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM mskang@snu.ac.kr NR 53 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 104 IS 3 BP 384 EP 395 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.06.021 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 522TR UT WOS:000272022300011 ER PT J AU Kang, MS Koo, JH Chun, JA Her, YG Park, SW Yoo, K AF Kang, M. S. Koo, J. H. Chun, J. A. Her, Y. G. Park, S. W. Yoo, K. TI Design of drainage culverts considering critical storm duration SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB A method for designing road-crossing drainage culverts taking into the account critical storm duration is proposed. Based on estimated design floods, a hydraulic design approach is also proposed to optimise the dimensions and hydraulic variables of the culverts. Two small watersheds in Korea (Baran and Banweol) and thirty-five culvert design zones were used in this study. Critical storm durations were determined by applying Huff curves and unit hydrograph models such as the Nakayasu model, the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (USDA SCS) Curve Number model, the Clark model, and the WFRpaddy model. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) equation was applied to the thirty-five drainage culvert watersheds along segments of Highway No. 39 to define the optimum dimensions and hydraulic variables of the drainage culverts. The selected unit hydrograph models accurately estimated unit hydrographs for the study watersheds. Thus, the models can be considered a useful tool for computing peak runoff rates in Korean watersheds. For the other major watersheds studied, the design floods obtained by standard design were 50% greater than those calculated by the unit hydrograph models, indicating that the rational method, which is often used in culvert designs in Korea, predicts lower values than those of the standard design method. The design floods determined by the unit hydrograph models were higher than those predicted by the rational method applied in this study. Each unit hydrograph model calculated different values for double or triple rectangular-shaped culverts. With the exception of one watershed, the differences compared with the results from the standard design and AASHTO methods ranged from 0 to 10%. Consequently, implementing a design flood based on the critical storm duration is more appropriate than a design flood calculated using only the rational method. Thus, the design method using the concept of critical storm duration can be recommended to estimate a design flood. If the design method for drainage culverts developed in this research is applied to the standard design in Korea, a variety of subjective methods of estimating the design floods can be objectively achieved. Also, through incorporation of a Geographical information System (GIS), a design which considers anticipated land use changes could be achieved. (C) 2009 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Koo, J. H.] Konkuk Univ, Dept Adv Technol Fus, Seoul 143701, South Korea. [Kang, M. S.; Park, S. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Chun, J. A.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Her, Y. G.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Yoo, K.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Koo, JH (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Adv Technol Fus, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM mskang@snu.ac.kr; koojeehee@gmail.com OI HER, YOUNGGU/0000-0003-3700-5115 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 104 IS 3 BP 425 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.07.004 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 522TR UT WOS:000272022300015 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZW Buckler, ES Casstevens, TM Bradbury, PJ AF Zhang, Zhiwu Buckler, Edward S. Casstevens, Terry M. Bradbury, Peter J. TI Software engineering the mixed model for genome-wide association studies on large samples SO BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE mixed model; association study; quantitative trait loci; genome-wide; kinship; population structure ID NUMERATOR RELATIONSHIP MATRIX; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; BREEDING VALUES; COMPUTING INVERSE; TECHNICAL NOTE; HIP-DYSPLASIA; PREDICTION AB Mixed models improve the ability to detect phenotype-genotype associations in the presence of population stratification and multiple levels of relatedness in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but for large data sets the resource consumption becomes impractical. At the same time, the sample size and number of markers used for GWAS is increasing dramatically, resulting in greater statistical power to detect those associations. The use of mixed models with increasingly large data sets depends on the availability of software for analyzing those models. While multiple software packages implement the mixed model method, no single package provides the best combination of fast computation, ability to handle large samples, flexible modeling and ease of use. Key elements of association analysis with mixed models are reviewed, including modeling phenotype-genotype associations using mixed models, population stratification, kinship and its estimation, variance component estimation, use of best linear unbiased predictors or residuals in place of raw phenotype, improving efficiency and software-user interaction. The available software packages are evaluated, and suggestions made for future software development. C1 [Zhang, Zhiwu; Casstevens, Terry M.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Gramene Divers Project, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.; Bradbury, Peter J.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Zhang, ZW (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Gramene Divers Project, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM zz19@cornell.edu OI Casstevens, Terry/0000-0001-7602-0487; Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Zhang, Zhiwu/0000-0002-5784-9684 FU NSF-Plant Genome Program [DBI-0321467, 0703908, 0820619]; NSF-Plant Genome Comparative Sequencing Program [DBI-06638566]; USDA-ARS FX NSF-Plant Genome Program (DBI-0321467, 0703908 and 0820619), NSF-Plant Genome Comparative Sequencing Program (DBI-06638566) and USDA-ARS. NR 80 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1467-5463 EI 1477-4054 J9 BRIEF BIOINFORM JI Brief. Bioinform. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 BP 664 EP 675 DI 10.1093/bib/bbp050 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 523PO UT WOS:000272086700008 PM 19933212 ER PT J AU Carter, ME Smith, MT Turgeon, JJ Harrison, RG AF Carter, Maureen E. Smith, Michael T. Turgeon, Jean J. Harrison, Richard G. TI Analysis of genetic diversity in an invasive population of Asian long-horned beetles in Ontario, Canada SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS COLEOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICAN; LONGHORNED BEETLE; MOTSCHULSKY COLEOPTERA; ACER-SACCHARUM; UNITED-STATES; CERAMBYCIDAE; EVOLUTION; CHINA; LARVAL AB Adult Asian long-horned beetles, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), were discovered in Ontario, Canada, in 2003 in the vicinity of a commercial warehouse. Trees were heavily scarred with signs of attack and larvae and adult beetles were common, Suggesting that there had been Multiple generations at the site. We amplified 16 microsatellite loci from 326 beetles to examine genetic diversity in this Population. Based oil Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 6 of 16 loci were monomorphic and 8 were not, indicating nonrandom mating. Measures of microsatellite genetic diversity and mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity were significantly lower than those in A. glabripennis from China and Korea but were not significantly different from those in the New York City population. The proportion of different multilocus genotypes in the Ontario Population was lower than in the populations in New York City and Linden, New Jersey. These results suggest that limited genetic diversity in the Ontario population has not hampered reproduction of this invasive insect. This genetic signature is common in other invasive species, likely because a Population is founded by a few closely related individuals, or a large founding population suffers subsequent genetic bottlenecks. C1 [Carter, Maureen E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Smith, Michael T.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Turgeon, Jean J.] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Harrison, Richard G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Carter, ME (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mec8@cornell.edu FU Howard P. Milstein and Leonard Litwin to Cornell University; United States Department of Agriculture Specific Cooperative [58-19266-606] FX We thank A. Liang for technical assistance. R. Fournier created Figure 1. D. Borchert Lind W. Jinquan created Figure 2. P. de Groot and J. Pedlar provided valuable input during the study. We thank B. Gasman for making this research possible, triany individuals from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency for collecting and preserving specimens, and two anonymous reviewers and the Editor for critically reviewing the manuscript and making helpful suggestions for revision. This work was Supported by a gift from Howard P. Milstein and Leonard Litwin to Cornell University and by United States Department of Agriculture Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-19266-606 to Richard Harrison and Michael Smith. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 62 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 141 IS 6 BP 582 EP 594 DI 10.4039/n09-026 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 534FO UT WOS:000272881900004 ER PT J AU Chen, D Peel, MD Olson, KC Weimer, BC DeWald, DB AF Chen, Dong Peel, Michael D. Olson, Kenneth C. Weimer, Bart C. DeWald, Daryll B. TI Differential ruminal degradation of alfalfa proteins SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alfalfa; protein; rumen; digestion ID UNDEGRADABLE PROTEINS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; DEGRADABILITY AB Chen, D., Peel, M. D., Olson, K. C., Weimer, B. C. and DeWald, D. B. 2009. Differential ruminal degradation of alfalfa proteins. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 1065-1074. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has high crude protein that is rapidly and extensively degraded in the rumen. Our objective was to develop a protocol where individual proteins could be characterized for their ruminal degradation. Proteins from individual genotypes of three alfalfa cultivars were characterized using fluorescence 2D difference gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for protein identification. Twenty-six proteins were characterized, representing between 33 and 41% of the total protein among genotypes. Variation for protein degradation was observed among proteins after 45 and 120 min of incubation in the rumen of a Holstein steer (P < 0.001). After 45 min of ruminal incubation, nine proteins averaged 75% or more remaining, 12 had 50% or less remaining, and five were intermediate. After 120 min of ruminal incubation, four proteins averaged greater than 80%, seven between 80 and 50% and 15 less than 50%, remaining. Although all proteins were degraded over time, the rate and amount of degradation was dramatically different among them. The rate of digestion differed (P = 0.05) for 3 and 10 proteins among genotypes after 45 and 120 min, respectively. Individual proteins characterized ranged in mass from 41 to 0.29% of the total mass of protein characterized. Total content of those proteins that differed for rate of digestion ranged from 7 to 1%. The results demonstrate that individual proteins can be characterized for their ruminal degradation. The ability to separate proteins based ruminal degradation suggests there is potential to select for protein that degrades more slowly and possibly escapes the rumen. C1 [Peel, Michael D.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. [Chen, Dong; DeWald, Daryll B.] Utah State Univ, Ctr Integrated BioSyst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [DeWald, Daryll B.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Olson, Kenneth C.] S Dakota State Univ, W River Ag Ctr, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Weimer, Bart C.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Peel, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84321 USA. EM mike.peel@ars.usda.gov RI Weimer, Bart/G-6928-2012 OI Weimer, Bart/0000-0002-7471-1978 FU Utah State University Center for Integrated BioSystems FX We greatly appreciate the funding provided by a seed grant at the Utah State University Center for Integrated BioSystems, and the personnel at the Center for Integrated Biosystems. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 89 IS 6 BP 1065 EP 1074 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 528WE UT WOS:000272476900008 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Wiesenborn, DP McMullen, AS Ohm, JB Riveland, NR AF Doehlert, D. C. Wiesenborn, D. P. McMullen, A. S. Ohm, J. -B. Riveland, N. R. TI Effects of Impact Dehuller Rotor Speed on Dehulling Characteristics of Diverse Oat Genotypes Grown in Different Environments SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; GRAIN; WEIGHT; DAMAGE AB Commercial processing of oats for human consumption generally requires impact dehulling to isolate groats from the hull. Impact dehulling involves feeding oat grain into the center of a spinning rotor that expels the grain against the walls of the dehuller. The force of the impact breaks the hull from the groat. We have tested the effect of rotor speed oil dehulling efficiency, groat breakage, and unbroken groat yield on 18 oat genotypes from replicated plots in six different environments. Dehulling efficiency and groat breakage increased with rotor speed with all genotypes and environments, but there were significant genotypic and environmental effects as well. In general, genotypes with higher test weight and kernel density dehulled more efficiently at slower rotor speeds. Oat genotypes with higher oil and protein concentrations in their groats tended to break less during dehulling. Oats from hotter, drier environments suffered greater groat breakage. Maximal unbroken groat yield represented a balance between dehulling efficiency and groat breakage, but groat proportion and dehulling efficiency appeared to be the most important factors contributing to groat yield. C1 [Doehlert, D. C.; Ohm, J. -B.] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Wiesenborn, D. P.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [McMullen, A. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Riveland, N. R.] NDSU Williston Res Extens Ctr, Williston, ND 58801 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall,Dept 7640,POB 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Douglas.doehlert@ndsu.cdu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 653 EP 660 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-6-0653 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531UK UT WOS:000272694500009 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE Rose, DJ Stevenson, DG Chen, DJ Biswas, A AF Inglett, George E. Rose, Devin J. Stevenson, David G. Chen, Diejun Biswas, Atanu TI Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Water and Ethanolic Extracts from Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles With or Without Microwave Irradiation SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FERULIC ACID; STABILITY; FIBER; CORN; DDGS AB The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of extracting phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity from distillers' dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with water, 50% aqueous ethanol, and absolute ethanol, using microwave irradiation or a water bath at various temperatures. DDGS was extracted for 15 min with each solvent while heating at 23, 50, 100, and 150 degrees C by microwave irradiation or in a water bath at 23 50, and 100 degrees C. Phenolic content of extracts increased with increasing temperature to a maximum of 12.02 mg/g in DDGS extracts that were microwave irradiated in water or with 50% aqueous ethanol at 150 degrees C. Antioxidant activity range was 1.49-6.53 mu mol of Trolox equivalents/g of DDGS. Highest antioxidant activities were obtained from 50% aqueous ethanol extracts at all temperatures, and water extracts that were heated at 100 and 150 degrees C. These data indicate that DDGS extracts with high phenolic content and antioxidant activity can be obtained from DDGS, particularly with the use of water or 50% ethanol and high temperature (100 or 150 degrees C). This may be valuable to ethanol manufacturers, livestock producers, and food and nutraceutical companies. C1 [Inglett, George E.; Rose, Devin J.; Stevenson, David G.; Chen, Diejun] ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Plant Polymers Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM George.Inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 BP 661 EP 664 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-86-6-0661 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531UK UT WOS:000272694500010 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ AF Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Limitations of Automated Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol Assay for Diagnostic Use SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID DISEASE; WOMEN; RISK C1 [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2061 EP 2062 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2009.133934 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 512SC UT WOS:000271269700026 PM 19762450 ER PT J AU Jamieson, B Schweizer, J Birkeland, KW AF Jamieson, Bruce Schweizer, Juerg Birkeland, Karl W. TI An update on applied snow and avalanche science: Selected papers from the 2008 International Snow Science Workshop SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jamieson, Bruce] Univ Calgary, Dept Civil Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Jamieson, Bruce] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Schweizer, Juerg] WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res SLF, Davos, Switzerland. [Birkeland, Karl W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Jamieson, B (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Civil Engn, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bruce.jamieson@ucalgary.ca RI Schweizer, Jurg/A-3907-2009 OI Schweizer, Jurg/0000-0001-5076-2968 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.09.003 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 523GD UT WOS:000272059600001 ER PT J AU Lutz, E Birkeland, K Marshall, HP AF Lutz, Eric Birkeland, Karl Marshall, Hans-Peter TI Quantifying changes in weak layer microstructure associated with artificial load changes SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 21-27, 2008 CL Whistler, CANADA DE Snow microstructure; Stability; Loading event; Elastic rebound; SnowMicroPen ID SNOW AB Researchers and practitioners have long utilized a variety of penetrometers to investigate the snowpack. Identifying definitive relationships between penetrometer-derived microstructural information and stability has been challenging. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1. We propose a simple field test to establish relationships between load and penetrometer-derived microstructural estimates. 2. We utilize the SnowMicroPen (SMP) to quantify changes in weak layer residual strength and microstructural dimension associated with an artificial loading event Our dataset is from Moonlight Basin, Montana and includes three modified loaded-column tests, each paired with 5 SMP profiles. Depth hoar comprised the targeted weak layer. Results indicate that loading caused the residual strength and rupture frequency to decrease significantly. Much like a compression test at a micro-scale, the force required for the SMP to rupture individual structures as well as the micro-scale strength decreased significantly when the slab stress was increased by artificially adding blocks of snow. A decrease in observed rupture frequency within the weak layer (or an increase in the distance between ruptured structures) also occurred after the loading event. probably because some structures within the weak layer had already failed or were so close to failing that the penetrometer could not detect their rupture. Due in part to the large difference in loads, microstructural differences between the natural and loaded columns were significant enough that only one profile would have been necessary to determine a significant difference in residual strength. Artificial removal of slab stress resulted in greater rupture forces and larger microstructures, likely due to elastic rebound. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lutz, Eric] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lutz, Eric; Birkeland, Karl] Montana State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Birkeland, Karl] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Marshall, Hans-Peter] Boise State Univ, Ctr Geophys Invest Shallow Subsurface, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Marshall, Hans-Peter] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Lutz, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM snowscience@gmail.com RI Marshall, Hans-Peter/A-2374-2010 OI Marshall, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-4852-5637 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 202 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.04.003 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 523GD UT WOS:000272059600013 ER PT J AU Simenhois, R Birkeland, KW AF Simenhois, Ron Birkeland, Karl W. TI The Extended Column Test: Test effectiveness, spatial variability, and comparison with the Propagation Saw Test SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 21-27, 2008 CL Whistler, CANADA DE ECT; Extended Column Test; Fracture propagation; Stability evaluation; Avalanches; Avalanche forecasting ID STABILITY AB The Extended Column Test (ECT) is a new stability test that aims to assess the fracture propagation potential across a 0.90 m wide isolated column. This paper: 1) describes the test procedure and presents new recording standards for the test, 2) uses two independent datasets (each consisting of over 300 tests) to assess the effectiveness of the test, 3) looks at the spatial variability of ECT results from several test grids. and 4) compares adjacent results between the ECT and the Propagation Saw Test (PST) on stable and unstable slopes. Our results indicate that the ECT is an effective stability test, with a false-stability rate less than other standard snow stability tests. Results are sometimes quite spatially uniform, though occasionally slopes may exhibit variable ECT results. In comparison to the PST, our data suggest that the ECT has a lower false-stability rate, but a higher false instability rate. Overall, the ECT is better at discriminating between stable and unstable slopes in our dataset. No test is perfect and all tests must be used in conjunction with additional data, but our results show that the ECT is valuable additional tool for assessing snow stability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Birkeland, Karl W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. [Simenhois, Ron] Copper Mt Ski Area, Copper Mt, CO USA. [Simenhois, Ron] Mt Hutt Ski Area, Canterbury, New Zealand. RP Birkeland, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Avalanche Ctr, Bozeman, MT USA. EM kbirkeland@fs.fed.us NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X EI 1872-7441 J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 59 IS 2-3 SI SI BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.04.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 523GD UT WOS:000272059600014 ER PT J AU Hu, Y Willett, KL Khan, IA Scheffler, BE Dasmahapatra, AK AF Hu, Yuhui Willett, Kristine L. Khan, Ikhlas A. Scheffler, Brian E. Dasmahapatra, Asok K. TI Ethanol disrupts chondrification of the neurocranial cartilages in medaka embryos without affecting aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A2 (Aldh1A2) promoter methylation SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; Alcohol; Medaka; Neurocranium; Aldh1A2 promoter; Epigenetics ID ORYZIAS-LATIPES EMBRYOGENESIS; RETINOIC ACID SYNTHESIS; FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; JAPANESE MEDAKA; MESSENGER-RNA; CELL-DEATH; CRANIOFACIAL DEVELOPMENT; NEURAL CREST; EXPOSURE; EXPRESSION AB Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos at different developmental stages were exposed to ethanol for 48 h, then allowed to hatch. Teratogenic effects were evaluated in hatchlings after examining chondrocranial cartilage deformities. Ethanol disrupted cartilage development in medaka in a dose and developmental stage-specific manner. Compared to controls, the linear length of the neurocranium and other cartilages were reduced in ethanol-treated groups. Moreover, the chondrification in cartilages, specifically trabeculae and polar cartilages, were inhibited by ethanol. To understand the mechanism of ethanol teratogenesis, NAD(+): NADH status during embryogenesis and the methylation pattern of Aldh1A2 promoter in whole embryos and adult tissues (brain, eye; heart and liver) were analyzed. Embryos 6 dpf had higher NAD(+) than embryos 0 or 2 dpf. Ethanol (200 or 400 mM) was able to reduce NAD(+) content in 2 and 6 dpf embryos. However, in both cases reductions were not significantly different from the controls. Moreover, no significant difference in either NADH content or in NAD(+): NADH status of the ethanol-treated embryos, with regard to controls, was observed. The promoter of Aldh1A2 contains 31 CpG dinucleotides (-705 to + 154, ATG = + 1); none of which were methylated. Compared to controls, embryonic ethanol exposure (100 and 400 mM) was unable to alter Aldh1A2 promoter methylation in embryos or in the tissues of adults (breeding) developmentally exposed to ethanol (300 mM, 48 hpf). From these data we conclude that ethanol teratogenesis in medaka does not induce alteration in the methylation pattern of Aldh1A2 promoter, but does change cartilage development. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Hu, Yuhui; Willett, Kristine L.; Khan, Ikhlas A.; Dasmahapatra, Asok K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Product Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Willett, Kristine L.; Dasmahapatra, Asok K.] Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol, University, MS 38677 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Dasmahapatra, AK (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Product Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM asok@olemiss.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU Office of Research and Sponsored Program; National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program of the University of Mississippi; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [R03AA016915]; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism or the National Institute of Health; NIH [RR016476]; National Center for Research Resources FX This study was supported partially by the Office of Research and Sponsored Program, National Center for Natural Product Research, Environmental Toxicology Research Program of the University of Mississippi and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (Grant Number R03AA016915). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism or the National Institute of Health. This publication was made possible by NIH grant number RR016476 from the MFGN INBRE Program of the National Center for Research Resources. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 150 IS 4 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.07.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 506IF UT WOS:000270767800011 PM 19651241 ER PT J AU Pearson, T AF Pearson, Tom TI Hardware-based image processing for high-speed inspection of grains SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE FPGA; CMOS; Popcorn; Wheat; Corn; Smart camera; Machine vision ID WHEAT AB A high-speed, low-cost, image-based sorting device was developed to detect and separate grains having slight color differences or small defects. The device directly combines a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) color image sensor with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) which was programmed to execute image processing in real-time, without the need of an external computer. Spatial resolution of the imaging system is approximately 16 pixels/mm. The system includes three image sensor/FPGA combinations placed around the perimeter of a single-file stream of kernels, so that most of the surface of each kernel is be inspected. A vibratory feeder feeds kernels onto an inclined chute that kernels slide down in a single-file manner. Kernels are imaged immediately after dropping off the end of the chute and are diverted by activating an air valve. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 75 kernels/s per channel which is much higher than previously developed image inspection systems. This throughput rate corresponds to an inspection rate of approximately 8 kg/h of wheat and 40 kg/h of popcorn. The system was initially developed to separate white wheat from red wheat, and to remove popcorn having blue-eye damage, which is indicated by a small blue discoloration in the germ of a popcorn kernel. Testing of the system resulted in accuracies of 88% for red wheat and 91% for white wheat. For popcorn, the system achieved 74% accuracy when removing popcorn with blue-eye damage and 91% accuracy at recognizing good popcorn. The sorter should find uses for removing other defects found in grain, such as insect-damaged grain, scab-damaged wheat, and bunted wheat. Parts for the system cost less than $2000, suggesting that it may be economical to run several systems in parallel to keep up with processing plant rates. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thomas.pearson@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2009 VL 69 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2009.06.007 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 496WX UT WOS:000270011900003 ER EF