FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wegrzyn, JL Eckert, AJ Choi, M Lee, JM Stanton, BJ Sykes, R Davis, MF Tsai, CJ Neale, DB AF Wegrzyn, Jill L. Eckert, Andrew J. Choi, Minyoung Lee, Jennifer M. Stanton, Brian J. Sykes, Robert Davis, Mark F. Tsai, Chung-Jui Neale, David B. TI Association genetics of traits controlling lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa, Salicaceae) secondary xylem SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE association genetics; biofuels; black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa); genotyping; lignin biosynthesis; linkage disequilibrium; resequencing; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; CINNAMYL ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; WOOD PROPERTY TRAITS; COA-REDUCTASE CCR; PINUS-TAEDA L.; DOWN-REGULATION; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; QUAKING ASPEN AB P>An association genetics approach was used to examine individual genes and alleles at the loci responsible for complex traits controlling lignocellulosic biosynthesis in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa). Recent interest in poplars as a source of renewable energy, combined with the vast genomic resources available, has enabled further examination of their genetic diversity. Forty candidate genes were resequenced in a panel of 15 unrelated individuals to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Eight hundred and seventy-six SNPs were successfully genotyped in a clonally replicated population (448 clones). The association population (average of 2.4 ramets per clone) was phenotyped using pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry. Both single-marker and haplotype-based association tests were implemented to identify associations for composite traits representing lignin content, syringyl : guaiacyl ratio and C6 sugars. Twenty-seven highly significant, unique, single-marker associations (false discovery rate Q < 0.10) were identified across 40 candidate genes in three composite traits. Twenty-three significant haplotypes within 11 genes were discovered in two composite traits. Given the rapid decay of within-gene linkage disequilibrium and the high coverage of amplicons across each gene, it is likely that the numerous polymorphisms identified are in close proximity to the causative SNPs and the haplotype associations reflect information present in the associations between markers. C1 [Wegrzyn, Jill L.; Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.; Choi, Minyoung; Lee, Jennifer M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Eckert, Andrew J.; Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stanton, Brian J.] Greenwood Resources, Genet Resources Conservat Program, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Sykes, Robert; Davis, Mark F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tsai, Chung-Jui] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Tsai, Chung-Jui] Univ Georgia, Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Neale, David B.] Univ Calif Davis, Bioenergy Res Ctr BERC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Neale, David B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@ucdavis.edu RI Eckert, Andrew/E-4788-2011; Tsai, CJ/C-2450-2009; OI Eckert, Andrew/0000-0002-6522-2646; Tsai, CJ/0000-0002-9282-7704; Wegrzyn, Jill/0000-0001-5923-0888; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 FU Chevron Technology Ventures-UC Davis Biofuels FX We thank Charles Nicolet and Vanessa Rashbrook for performing the SNP genotyping, and John Liechty and Benjamin Figueroa for bioinformatics support. Funding for this project was made available through the Chevron Technology Ventures-UC Davis Biofuels Project. NR 95 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 188 IS 2 BP 515 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03415.x PG 18 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 655DW UT WOS:000282225000020 PM 20831625 ER PT J AU Domec, JC King, JS Noormets, A Treasure, E Gavazzi, MJ Sun, G McNulty, SG AF Domec, Jean-Christophe King, John S. Noormets, Asko Treasure, Emrys Gavazzi, Michael J. Sun, Ge McNulty, Steven G. TI Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots affects whole-stand evapotranspiration and net ecosystem carbon exchange SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE lobolly pine (Pinus taeda); overstory; root sap flow; soil water content; understory; water potential ID NORTHWEST CONIFEROUS FORESTS; DOUGLAS-FIR; LOBLOLLY-PINE; EDDY-COVARIANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; XYLEM EMBOLISM; SUMMER DROUGHT; WOODY-PLANTS; ELEVATED CO2 AB P>Hydraulic redistribution (HR) of water via roots from moist to drier portions of the soil occurs in many ecosystems, potentially influencing both water use and carbon assimilation. By measuring soil water content, sap flow and eddy covariance, we investigated the temporal variability of HR in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation during months of normal and below-normal precipitation, and examined its effects on tree transpiration, ecosystem water use and carbon exchange. The occurrence of HR was explained by courses of reverse flow through roots. As the drought progressed, HR maintained soil moisture above 0.15 cm3 cm-3 and increased transpiration by 30-50%. HR accounted for 15-25% of measured total site water depletion seasonally, peaking at 1.05 mm d-1. The understory species depended on water redistributed by the deep-rooted overstory pine trees for their early summer water supply. Modeling carbon flux showed that in the absence of HR, gross ecosystem productivity and net ecosystem exchange could be reduced by 750 and 400 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively. Hydraulic redistribution mitigated the effects of soil drying on understory and stand evapotranspiration and had important implications for net primary productivity by maintaining this whole ecosystem as a carbon sink. C1 [Domec, Jean-Christophe; King, John S.; Noormets, Asko] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Treasure, Emrys; Gavazzi, Michael J.; Sun, Ge; McNulty, Steven G.] US Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jdomec@ncsu.edu RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 FU USDA [03-CA-11330147-073, 04-CA-11330147-238] FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service Southern Global Change Program cooperative agreements 03-CA-11330147-073 and 04-CA-11330147-238. We thank the Weyerhaeuser Company for facilitating access to the study site and offering logistical assistance. John Sperry is gratefully acknowledged for providing the water transport model. We thank Gena Simpson, Duncan Briley, Anna Barnes, and Crystal Garcia for conducting soil-pit digging and root sorting and for assisting with field data collection. NR 74 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 8 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 1 BP 171 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03245.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 606BI UT WOS:000278395100017 PM 20406402 ER PT J AU Meyer, SE Stewart, TE Clement, S AF Meyer, Susan E. Stewart, Thomas E. Clement, Suzette TI The quick and the deadly: growth vs virulence in a seed bank pathogen SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass); Drechslera campanulata; necrotrophic pathogenesis; Pyrenophora semeniperda (black fingers of death); seed bank pathogen; virulence evolution ID PYRENOPHORA-SEMENIPERDA; PARASITE VIRULENCE; PLANT PATHOGEN; EVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; SPORULATION; METABOLITES; SEMINIPERDA; INFECTION; CULTURE AB We studied the relationship between virulence (ability to kill nondormant Bromus tectorum seeds) and mycelial growth index in the necrotrophic seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda. Seed pathosystems involving necrotrophs differ from those commonly treated in traditional evolution-of-virulence models in that host death increases pathogen fitness by preventing germination, thereby increasing available resources. Because fast-germinating, nondormant B. tectorum seeds commonly escape mortality, we expected virulence to be positively correlated with mycelial growth index. We performed seed inoculations using conidia from 78 pathogen isolates and scored subsequent mortality. For a subset of 40 of these isolates, representing a range of virulence phenotypes, we measured mycelial growth index. Virulence varied over a wide range (3-43% seed mortality) and was significantly negatively correlated with mycelial growth index (R2 = 0.632). More virulent isolates grew more slowly than less virulent isolates. We concluded that there is an apparent tradeoff between virulence and growth in this pathogen, probably because the production of toxins necessary for necrotrophic pathogenesis competes with metabolic processes associated with growth. Variation in both virulence and growth rate in this pathosystem may be maintained in part by seasonal variation in the relative abundance of rapidly germinating vs dormant host seeds available to the pathogen. C1 [Meyer, Susan E.; Clement, Suzette] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [Stewart, Thomas E.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Meyer, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606 USA. EM smeyer@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Sciences Program [2007-1-3-10]; CSREES [2008-35320-18677] FX This research was funded in part through grants from the Joint Fire Sciences Program (2007-1-3-10) and the CSREES NRI Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program (2008-35320-18677). We also thank the Idaho Army National Guard for generous financial support. Thanks to Steven Harrison for molecular genetic data, and to Duane Smith, Katie Merrill and Owen Baughman for collecting and processing seed bank samples. NR 34 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 1 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03255.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 606BI UT WOS:000278395100020 PM 20406404 ER PT J AU Dijkstra, FA Blumenthal, D Morgan, JA Pendall, E Carrillo, Y Follett, RF AF Dijkstra, Feike A. Blumenthal, Dana Morgan, Jack A. Pendall, Elise Carrillo, Yolima Follett, Ronald F. TI Contrasting effects of elevated CO2 and warming on nitrogen cycling in a semiarid grassland SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE 15N tracer; elevated CO2; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); heating; microbial nitrogen immobilization; net nitrogen mineralization; soil inorganic nitrogen; soil moisture ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; WATER AVAILABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOIL-NITROGEN; PLANT-GROWTH; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; TEMPERATURE AB P>Simulation models indicate that the nitrogen (N) cycle plays a key role in how other ecosystem processes such as plant productivity and carbon (C) sequestration respond to elevated CO2 and warming. However, combined effects of elevated CO2 and warming on N cycling have rarely been tested in the field. Here, we studied N cycling under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations (600 mu mol mol-1), and ambient and elevated temperature (1.5 : 3.0 degrees C warmer day:night) in a full factorial semiarid grassland field experiment in Wyoming, USA. We measured soil inorganic N, plant and microbial N pool sizes and NO3- uptake (using a 15N tracer). Soil inorganic N significantly decreased under elevated CO2, probably because of increased microbial N immobilization, while soil inorganic N and plant N pool sizes significantly increased with warming, probably because of increased N supply. We observed no CO2 x warming interaction effects on soil inorganic N, N pool sizes or NO3- uptake in plants and microbes. Our results indicate a more closed N cycle under elevated CO2 and a more open N cycle with warming, which could affect long-term N retention, plant productivity, and C sequestration in this semiarid grassland. C1 [Dijkstra, Feike A.; Blumenthal, Dana; Morgan, Jack A.] ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Pendall, Elise; Carrillo, Yolima] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Pendall, Elise; Carrillo, Yolima] Univ Wyoming, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] ARS, Soil Plant & Nutrient Res Unit, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Dijkstra, FA (reprint author), ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, USDA, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM feike.dijkstra@ars.usda.gov RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Dijkstra, Feike/H-2182-2012; OI Pendall, Elise/0000-0002-1651-8969; Dijkstra, Feike/0000-0002-6191-6018 FU CSREES [2008-35107-18655]; Agricultural Research Service FX We thank Sarah Berg, Caitlin Brooks, Edward Buenger, Alison Eden, Joseph Hansen, Erik Hardy, Dan LeCain, Valerie O'Neill, Joanne Newcomb, Jennifer Regier, David Smith, Katie Tylka, and Stacy Wetherelt for technical assistance. We thank David Augustine and Paul Verburg for helpful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. This research was supported by CSREES (2008-35107-18655) and by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 47 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 18 U2 126 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 2 BP 426 EP 437 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03293.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 615WX UT WOS:000279169900016 PM 20487311 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO AF Reinhart, Kurt O. TI The role of facilitative interactions in tree invasions SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE competition; facilitation; indirect interactions; shade tolerance; tree invasions ID SHADE; STRATEGIES C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Reinhart, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM kurt.reinhart@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhart, Kurt/A-6730-2010 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 3 BP 559 EP 562 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03375.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628LV UT WOS:000280122500003 PM 20659248 ER PT J AU Valdes-Lopez, O Yang, SS Aparicio-Fabre, R Graham, PH Reyes, JL Vance, CP Hernandez, G AF Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo Yang, S. Samuel Aparicio-Fabre, Rosaura Graham, Peter H. Luis Reyes, Jose Vance, Carroll P. Hernandez, Georgina TI MicroRNA expression profile in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) under nutrient deficiency stresses and manganese toxicity SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); common bean microRNAs; manganese toxicity; nutrient-deficiency stress; nutrient-stress responsive microRNAs ID SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; TARGET GENES; SMALL RNAS; PHOSPHATE HOMEOSTASIS; COPPER HOMEOSTASIS; NODULE DEVELOPMENT; SOLUTION CULTURE; GLOBAL CHANGES; CELL FATE AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. Information on miRNAs in legumes is as yet scarce. This work investigates miRNAs in an agronomically important legume, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). A hybridization approach employing miRNA macroarrays -printed with oligo-nucleotides complementary to 68 known miRNAs -was used to detect miRNAs in the leaves, roots and nodules of control and nutrient-stressed (phosphorus, nitrogen, or iron deficiency; acidic pH; and manganese toxicity) common bean plants. Thirty-three miRNAs were expressed in control plants and another five were only expressed under stress conditions. The miRNA expression ratios (stress: control) were evaluated using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. A group of miRNAs responded to nearly all stresses in the three organs analyzed. Other miRNAs showed organ-specific responses. Most of the nodule-responsive miRNAs showed up-regulation. miRNA blot expression analysis confirmed the macroarray results. Novel miRNA target genes were proposed for common bean and the expression of selected targets was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In addition to the detection of previously reported stress-responsive miRNAs, we discovered novel common bean stress-responsive miRNAs, for manganese toxicity. Our data provide a foundation for evaluating the individual roles of miRNAs in common bean. C1 [Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo; Aparicio-Fabre, Rosaura; Hernandez, Georgina] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Luis Reyes, Jose] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotecnol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Yang, S. Samuel; Hernandez, Georgina] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Graham, Peter H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Valdes-Lopez, Oswaldo; Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Genom, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM gina@ccg.unam.mx RI Reyes, Jose/D-7331-2013; OI Reyes, Jose L./0000-0001-5129-9741 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico (CONACyT) [083206, 200048]; US Department of Agriculture [USDA-FAS MX161] FX This work was supported in part by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Mexico (CONACyT) (grant 083206) and by the US Department of Agriculture (grant USDA-FAS MX161). O.V.L. was a PhD student from Doctorado en Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and a recipient of a studentship from CONACyT (200048). We are grateful to Sue Miller, Bruna Bucciarelli, and Jeffrey Roessler for technical support and for hosting O.V.L. at the University of Minnesota/USDA and to Victor M. Bustos at CCG-UNAM for plant maintenance. NR 68 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 3 BP 805 EP 818 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03320.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628LV UT WOS:000280122500022 PM 20553393 ER PT J AU Lu, M Wingfield, MJ Gillette, NE Mori, SR Sun, JH AF Lu, Min Wingfield, Michael J. Gillette, Nancy E. Mori, Sylvia R. Sun, Jiang-Hua TI Complex interactions among host pines and fungi vectored by an invasive bark beetle SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE bark beetle-fungi-host interactions; chemical ecology; complex interactions; invasive species; invasive symbiotic complex ID RED TURPENTINE BEETLE; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; CHINA; MONOTERPENES; VOLATILES; VIRULENCE; DECLINE; GROWTH AB P>Recent studies have investigated the relationships between pairs or groups of exotic species to illustrate invasive mechanisms, but most have focused on interactions at a single trophic level. Here, we conducted pathogenicity tests, analyses of host volatiles and fungal growth tests to elucidate an intricate network of interactions between the host tree, the invasive red turpentine beetle and its fungal associates. Seedlings inoculated with two strains of Leptographium procerum isolated from Dendroctonus valens in China had significantly longer lesions and higher mortality rates than seedlings inoculated with other fungal isolates. These two strains of L. procerum were significantly more tolerant of 3-carene than all other fungi isolated there, and the infection of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) seedlings by these two strains enhanced the production and release of 3-carene, the main attractant for D. valens, by the seedlings. Our results raise the possibility that interactions among the fungal associates of D. valens and their pine hosts in China may confer advantages to these strains of L. procerum and, by extension, to the beetles themselves. These interactions may therefore enhance invasion by the beetle-fungal complex. C1 [Lu, Min; Sun, Jiang-Hua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Wingfield, Michael J.] Univ Pretoria, Forestry & Agr Biotechnol Inst, Tree Protect Cooperat Programme, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Gillette, Nancy E.; Mori, Sylvia R.] US Forest Serv, PSW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Sun, JH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, State Key Lab Integrated Management Pest Insects, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM sunjh@ioz.ac.cn RI Wingfield, Michael/A-9473-2008 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30525009, 30621003]; National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB119204]; TPCP (Tree Protection Co-operation Programme); USDA Forest Service, Western Wildlands Environmental Threats Assessment Center (Prineville, Oregon, USA) FX We thank Dan Miller, Donald R. Owen and several anonymous referees for very useful comments, and Carline Carvalho, Alice Ratcliff and Roger Wingate for technical help. This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30525009 and 30621003), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2009CB119204), TPCP (Tree Protection Co-operation Programme) and a grant from the USDA Forest Service, Western Wildlands Environmental Threats Assessment Center (Prineville, Oregon, USA). NR 27 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 3 BP 859 EP 866 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03316.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 628LV UT WOS:000280122500026 PM 20546136 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Lee, C Replogle, A Joshi, S Korkin, D Hussey, R Baum, TJ Davis, EL Wang, XH Mitchum, MG AF Wang, Jianying Lee, Chris Replogle, Amy Joshi, Sneha Korkin, Dmitry Hussey, Richard Baum, Thomas J. Davis, Eric L. Wang, Xiaohong Mitchum, Melissa G. TI Dual roles for the variable domain in protein trafficking and host-specific recognition of Heterodera glycines CLE effector proteins SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE CLAVATA3; CLE; effector; ligand; molecular mimicry; peptide; soybean cyst nematode; syncytium ID STEM-CELL FATE; NEMATODE GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODE; OF-FUNCTION PHENOTYPES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ROOT-MERISTEM; SOYBEAN ROOTS; S-RNASE; GENES; CLV3 AB P>Soybean cyst nematodes (Heterodera glycines) produce secreted effector proteins that function as peptide mimics of plant CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-like peptides probably involved in the developmental reprogramming of root cells to form specialized feeding cells called syncytia. The site of action and mechanism of delivery of CLE effectors to host plant cells by the nematode, however, have not been established. In this study, immunologic, genetic and biochemical approaches were used to reveal the localization and site of action of H. glycines-secreted CLE proteins in planta. We present evidence indicating that the nematode CLE propeptides are delivered to the cytoplasm of syncytial cells, but ultimately function in the apoplast, consistent with their proposed role as ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides. We determined that the nematode 12-amino-acid CLE motif peptide is not sufficient for biological activity in vivo, pointing to an important role for sequences upstream of the CLE motif in function. Genetic and biochemical analysis confirmed the requirement of the variable domain in planta for host-specific recognition and revealed a novel role in trafficking cytoplasmically delivered CLEs to the apoplast in order to function as ligand mimics. C1 [Wang, Jianying; Lee, Chris; Replogle, Amy; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Wang, Jianying; Lee, Chris; Replogle, Amy; Joshi, Sneha; Korkin, Dmitry; Mitchum, Melissa G.] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Joshi, Sneha; Korkin, Dmitry] Univ Missouri, Inst Informat, Dept Comp Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Hussey, Richard] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Baum, Thomas J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Davis, Eric L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wang, Xiaohong] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Mitchum, MG (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM goellnerm@missouri.edu OI Replogle, Amy/0000-0002-5880-1308 FU USDA-NRI [2007-35607-17790, 2009-35302-05304, 2008-35302-18824]; USDA [2008-34113-19420]; NSF [DBI-0845196]; MU Life Sciences Fellowship FX We thank Bob Heinz for maintaining nematode cultures, Jim Schoelz for assistance with ELISA, Esteban Fernandez and Stephanie Wise at the molecular cytology core for microscopy help, John Walker for critical review, and Melody Kroll for editorial assistance. We thank Rudiger Simon for the pBU14 binary vector, Walter Gassmann for the pMD1 binary vector, and Chris Taylor for the pCGT-35S and pAKK1467B vectors. This work was supported by the USDA-NRI Competitive Grants Program (grant nos 2007-35607-17790 and 2009-35302-05304 to M.G.M and X.W., and grant no. 2008-35302-18824 to T.J.B, E. L. D. and M.G.M), a USDA Special Grant (grant no. 2008-34113-19420) to M. G. M., an NSF CAREER Award (DBI-0845196) to D. K., and an MU Life Sciences Fellowship to A.R. NR 62 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1017 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03300.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 639TY UT WOS:000280998600015 PM 20497349 ER PT J AU Manning, VA Chu, AL Scofield, SR Ciuffetti, LM AF Manning, Viola A. Chu, Ashley L. Scofield, Steven R. Ciuffetti, Lynda M. TI Intracellular expression of a host-selective toxin, ToxA, in diverse plants phenocopies silencing of a ToxA-interacting protein, ToxABP1 SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium; Barley stripe mosaic virus; host-selective toxin; Nicotiana benthamiana; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; ToxA; viral-induced gene silencing; wheat ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; STRIPE-MOSAIC-VIRUS; PTR TOXA; NECROSIS TOXIN; POWDERY MILDEW; GENE-TRANSFER; TAN SPOT; BARLEY; WHEAT; ARABIDOPSIS AB P>ToxA, a host-selective toxin of wheat, can be detected within ToxA-sensitive mesophyll cells, where it localizes to chloroplasts and induces necrosis. Interaction of ToxA with the chloroplast-localized protein ToxABP1 has been implicated in this process. Therefore, we hypothesized that silencing of ToxABP1 in wheat would lead to a necrotic phenotype. Also, because ToxABP1 is highly conserved in plants, internal expression of ToxA in plants that do not normally internalize ToxA should result in cell death. Reduction of ToxABP1 expression was achieved using Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated, viral-induced gene silencing. The BSMV system was modified for use as an internal expression vector for ToxA in monocots. Agrobacterium-mediated expression of ToxA in a dicot (tobacco-Nicotiana benthamiana) was also performed. Viral-induced gene silencing of ToxABP1 partially recapitulates the phenotype of ToxA treatment and wheat plants with reduced ToxABP1 also have reduced sensitivity to ToxA. When ToxA is expressed in ToxA-insensitive wheat, barley (Hordeum vulgare) and tobacco, cell death ensues. ToxA accumulation in any chloroplast-containing cell is likely to result in cell death. Our data indicate that the ToxA-ToxABP1 interaction alters ToxABP1 function. This interaction is a critical, although not exclusive, component of the ToxA-induced cell death cascade. C1 [Manning, Viola A.; Chu, Ashley L.; Ciuffetti, Lynda M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Scofield, Steven R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Scofield, Steven R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ciuffetti, LM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM ciuffetL@science.oregonstate.edu RI Scofield, Steven/C-3868-2016 FU National Research Initiative (NRI), USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55600-16619] FX The authors thank Dr Melania Figueroa Betts and Dr Jennifer Lorang for useful conversations and Dr Tom Wolpert for manuscript review. This project is supported by a grant to L. Ciuffetti from the National Research Initiative (NRI) Microbial Biology: Microbial Associations with Plants Program of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES, grant number 2006-55600-16619). NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 4 BP 1034 EP 1047 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03363.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 639TY UT WOS:000280998600017 PM 20646220 ER PT J AU Wang, BL Tang, XY Cheng, LY Zhang, AZ Zhang, WH Zhang, FS Liu, JQ Cao, Y Allan, DL Vance, CP Shen, JB AF Wang, B. L. Tang, X. Y. Cheng, L. Y. Zhang, A. Z. Zhang, W. H. Zhang, F. S. Liu, J. Q. Cao, Y. Allan, D. L. Vance, C. P. Shen, J. B. TI Nitric oxide is involved in phosphorus deficiency-induced cluster-root development and citrate exudation in white lupin SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE citrate exudation; cluster roots; nitric oxide; phosphorus deficiency; white lupin (Lupinus albus) ID PROTEOID ROOTS; ALBUS L.; STOMATAL CLOSURE; XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; PROTON RELEASE; ABSCISIC-ACID; SYNTHASE; PLANTS AB P>White lupin (Lupinus albus) forms specialized cluster roots characterized by exudation of organic anions under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Here, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in P deficiency-induced cluster-root formation and citrate exudation was evaluated. White lupin plants were treated with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and scavenger or inhibitor of NO synthase under conditions of P deficiency (0 mu M) or P sufficiency (50 mu M). Phosphorus deficiency enhanced NO production in primary and lateral root tips, with a greater increase in cluster roots than in noncluster roots. NO concentrations decreased with cluster root development from the pre-emergent stage, through the juvenile stage, to the mature stage. The P deficiency-induced increase in NO production was inhibited by antagonists of NO synthase and xanthine oxidoreductase, suggesting the involvement of these enzymes in NO production. SNP markedly increased the number of cluster roots. Citrate exudation from different root segments in P-deficient roots was positively correlated with endogenous root NO concentrations. These findings demonstrate differential patterns of NO production in white lupin, depending on root zone, developmental stage and P nutritional status. NO appears to play a regulatory role in the formation of cluster roots and citrate exudation in white lupin under conditions of P deficiency. C1 [Wang, B. L.; Tang, X. Y.; Cheng, L. Y.; Zhang, A. Z.; Zhang, F. S.; Shen, J. B.] China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Wang, B. L.; Zhang, W. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Cheng, L. Y.; Liu, J. Q.; Vance, C. P.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cao, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Allan, D. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Vance, C. P.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shen, JB (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM jbshen@cau.edu.cn RI Zhang, Wen-Hao/B-5805-2009; Zhang, Anzhi/D-1080-2014 OI Zhang, Wen-Hao/0000-0003-2708-2221; FU Natural Science Foundation of China [30925024, 30890131, 30871591, 30821003]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB109302]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006BAD25B02] FX This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 30925024, 30890131 and 30871591 and innovative group grant 30821003), the National Basic Research Program of China (grant 2007CB109302), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant 2006BAD25B02). We thank Dr Peter R. Ryan (CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia) for his comments and linguistic revisions. NR 59 TC 51 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 187 IS 4 BP 1112 EP 1123 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03323.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 639TY UT WOS:000280998600023 PM 20553395 ER PT J AU McCulloh, K Sperry, JS Lachenbruch, B Meinzer, FC Reich, PB Voelker, S AF McCulloh, Katherine Sperry, John S. Lachenbruch, Barbara Meinzer, Frederick C. Reich, Peter B. Voelker, Steven TI Moving water well: comparing hydraulic efficiency in twigs and trunks of coniferous, ring-porous, and diffuse-porous saplings from temperate and tropical forests SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE conduit frequency; hydraulic architecture; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic efficiency; sapling; tracheids; vessels ID MURRAYS LAW; VASCULAR PLANTS; WOOD ANATOMY; XYLEM; ARCHITECTURE; TREES; SIZE; CAVITATION; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE AB Coniferous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous trees vary in their xylem anatomy, but the functional consequences of these differences are not well understood from the scale of the conduit to the individual. Hydraulic and anatomical measurements were made on branches and trunks from 16 species from temperate and tropical areas, representing all three wood types. Scaling of stem conductivity (K(h)) with stem diameter was used to model the hydraulic conductance of the stem network. Ring-porous trees showed the steepest increase in K(h) with stem size. Temperate diffuse-porous trees were at the opposite extreme, and conifers and tropical diffuse-porous species were intermediate. Scaling of K(h) was influenced by differences in the allometry of conduit diameter (taper) and packing (number per wood area) with stem size. The K(h) trends were mirrored by the modeled stem-network conductances. Ring-porous species had the greatest network conductance and this value increased isometrically with trunk basal area, indicating that conductance per unit sapwood was independent of tree size. Conductances were lowest and most size-dependent in conifers. The results indicate that differences in conduit taper and packing between functional types propagate to the network level and have an important influence on metabolic scaling concepts. C1 [McCulloh, Katherine; Lachenbruch, Barbara; Voelker, Steven] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Sperry, John S.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reich, Peter B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McCulloh, K (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM kate.mcculloh@oregonstate.edu RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Voelker, Steven/O-2909-2014 FU NSF [05-44470, DEB 0080382, EF-0742800] FX We are grateful to Logan Bernart, Celine Berthier, Bill Becker, Pierre Gourdon and Piotr Robakowski for assistance in the field and laboratory. This work was funded primarily by NSF grant # 05-44470 to KM, JS, FM and BL, with some assistance from the Cedar Creek NSF LTER (DEB 0080382). KM is grateful for the invitation to attend a meeting with B. J. Enquist, V. Savage, P. Reich and J. Sperry (funded by NSF-EF-0742800) that provided useful discussions and led to the use of the Cedar Creek site for accessing ring-porous species. We thank the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and Cedar Creek LTER personnel for laboratory facilities and support. The authors are appreciative of many helpful comments from three anonymous reviewers and especially the careful consideration and useful statistical advice of David Ackerly. NR 45 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 439 EP 450 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03181.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 574WM UT WOS:000276024900024 PM 20158616 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO Tytgat, T Van der Putten, WH Clay, K AF Reinhart, Kurt O. Tytgat, Tom Van der Putten, Wim H. Clay, Keith TI Virulence of soil-borne pathogens and invasion by Prunus serotina SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE enemy release hypothesis; Prunus serotina; Pythium; soil-borne pathogens; virulence comparison ID ENEMY RELEASE HYPOTHESIS; BLACK-CHERRY; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; AMMOPHILA-ARENARIA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PLANT INVASIONS; TEMPERATE TREE; NATIVE RANGE; PYTHIUM; ROOT AB Globally, exotic invaders threaten biodiversity and ecosystem function. Studies often report that invading plants are less affected by enemies in their invaded vs home ranges, but few studies have investigated the underlying mechanisms. Here, we investigated the variation in prevalence, species composition and virulence of soil-borne Pythium pathogens associated with the tree Prunus serotina in its native US and non-native European ranges by culturing, DNA sequencing and controlled pathogenicity trials. Two controlled pathogenicity experiments showed that Pythium pathogens from the native range caused 38-462% more root rot and 80-583% more seedling mortality, and 19-45% less biomass production than Pythium from the non-native range. DNA sequencing indicated that the most virulent Pythium taxa were sampled only from the native range. The greater virulence of Pythium sampled from the native range therefore corresponded to shifts in species composition across ranges rather than variation within a common Pythium species. Prunus serotina still encounters Pythium in its non-native range but encounters less virulent taxa. Elucidating patterns of enemy virulence in native and nonnative ranges adds to our understanding of how invasive plants escape disease. Moreover, this strategy may identify resident enemies in the non-native range that could be used to manage invasive plants. C1 [Reinhart, Kurt O.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Reinhart, Kurt O.; Clay, Keith] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Tytgat, Tom; Van der Putten, Wim H.] Netherlands Inst Ecol, Dept Terr Ecol, NL-6666 GA Heteren, Netherlands. [Tytgat, Tom; Van der Putten, Wim H.] Wageningen Univ, Nematol Lab, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Reinhart, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM kurt.reinhart@ars.usda.gov RI Reinhart, Kurt/A-6730-2010; Tytgat, Tom/C-7777-2011; van der Putten, Wim/C-3707-2011; Clay, Keith/C-8730-2012 OI van der Putten, Wim/0000-0002-9341-4442; FU USDA-NRI [2003-02047]; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Park Service; Ecological Society of America; National Park Foundation FX This research was supported by grants to K.O.R. from USDA-NRI (2003-02047) and National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program, funded through a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation helping form a partnership between the National Park Service, the Ecological Society of America and the National Park Foundation. We thank: Kris Verheyen, Margot Vanhellemont, Sandrine Godefroid and Guillaume Decocq for assistance locating invaded forests in Europe; Brandon Hatcher, Manuel Rodriguez IV, Matthew Swenson and Michael Yuan for their assistance in the laboratory; Paul Johnson for providing a bootstrapping program; and Arthur de Cock, Angie Shelton, Melanie Knapp, Summer Nijjer, Luke Fory, Kris Verheyen, Margot Vanhellemont and four reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 45 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 8 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 186 IS 2 BP 484 EP 495 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03159.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 574WM UT WOS:000276024900028 PM 20100208 ER PT J AU Spicer, R Groover, A AF Spicer, Rachel Groover, Andrew TI Evolution of development of vascular cambia and secondary growth SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE forest trees; genomics; Populus; wood anatomy; wood formation ID SUGAR-BEET VASCULATURE; POPULUS-DELTOIDES; WOOD FORMATION; HYBRID ASPEN; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; CARBONIFEROUS PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; STEM; MONOCOTYLEDONS; BIOLOGY AB Secondary growth from vascular cambia results in radial, woody growth of stems. The innovation of secondary vascular development during plant evolution allowed the production of novel plant forms ranging from massive forest trees to flexible, woody lianas. We present examples of the extensive phylogenetic variation in secondary vascular growth and discuss current knowledge of genes that regulate the development of vascular cambia and woody tissues. From these foundations, we propose strategies for genomics-based research in the evolution of development, which is a next logical step in the study of secondary growth. C1 [Groover, Andrew] USDA Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. [Spicer, Rachel] Rowland Inst Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Groover, A (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA USA. EM agroover@fs.fed.us FU USDA NRI [2006-35304-17420] FX We thank Ciera Martinez for contributing the images of Bougainvillea. This work was supported in part by grant USDA NRI 2006-35304-17420 to A. G. NR 107 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 186 IS 3 BP 577 EP 592 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03236.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 582RY UT WOS:000276617600007 PM 20522166 ER PT J AU Kupper, H Kochian, LV AF Kuepper, Hendrik Kochian, Leon V. TI Transcriptional regulation of metal transport genes and mineral nutrition during acclimatization to cadmium and zinc in the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges population) SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE acclimatization; cadmium; gene regulation; heavy metals; inductively-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy; quantitative in situ hybridization; zinc ID ARABIDOPSIS-HALLERI; CELLULAR COMPARTMENTATION; NICKEL HYPERACCUMULATION; SUBSTITUTED CHLOROPHYLLS; EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES; MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY; ZN HYPERACCUMULATOR; INDUCED INHIBITION; THIOL-PEPTIDES; WATER PLANTS AB P> We investigated changes in mineral nutrient uptake and cellular expression levels for metal transporter genes in the cadmium (Cd)/zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens during whole plant and leaf ontogenesis under different long-term treatments with Zn and Cd. Quantitative mRNA in situ hybridization (QISH) revealed that transporter gene expression changes not only dependent on metal nutrition/toxicity, but even more so during plant and leaf development. The main mRNA abundances found were: ZNT1, mature leaves of young plants; ZNT5, young leaves of young plants; MTP1 (= ZTP1 = ZAT), young leaves of both young and mature plants. Surprisingly different cellular expression patterns were found for ZNT1 and ZNT5, both belonging to the ZIP family of transition metal transporters: ZNT1, photosynthetic mesophyll and bundle sheath cells; ZNT5, nonphotosynthetic epidermal metal storage cells and bundle sheath cells. Thus, ZNT1 may function in micronutrient nutrition while ZNT5 may be involved in metal storage associated with hyperaccumulation. Cadmium inhibited the uptake of Zn, iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), probably by competing for transporters or by interfering with the regulation of transporter gene expression. Cadmium-induced changes in cellular expression for ZNT1, ZNT5 and MTP1 could also be part of plant acclimatization to Cd toxicity. Defence against Cd toxicity involved enhanced uptake of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sulphur (S). C1 [Kuepper, Hendrik; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kuepper, Hendrik] Univ Konstanz, Math Nat Wissensch Sekt, Fachbereich Biol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Kupper, H (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM hendrik.kuepper@uni-konstanz.de RI Kupper, Hendrik/J-5152-2012; OI Kupper, Hendrik/0000-0003-0712-7023; Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU Alexander von Humboldt Association FX The authors thank Laura Ort Seib for help with preparing ICP-AES samples and with QISH data analysis, and Holly Manslank and Jon Shaff for help with digesting samples for ICP analysis. The work of H.K. was supported by a Feodor-Lynen-Fellowship of the Alexander von Humboldt Association. NR 77 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 185 IS 1 BP 114 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03051.x PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 527CS UT WOS:000272344800014 PM 19843304 ER PT J AU Maier, CA Johnsen, KH Clinton, BD Ludovici, KH AF Maier, Chris A. Johnsen, Kurt H. Clinton, Barton D. Ludovici, Kim H. TI Relationships between stem CO2 efflux, substrate supply, and growth in young loblolly pine trees SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; girdling; Pinus taeda; sap flow; stem CO2 efflux; stem respiration ID MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; PLANT RESPIRATION; SAP-FLOW; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; CARBOHYDRATE STATUS; SOIL RESPIRATION; PONDEROSA PINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; CARBON AB P>We examined the relationships between stem CO2 efflux (E-s), diameter growth, and nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in loblolly pine trees. Carbohydrate supply was altered via stem girdling during rapid stem growth in the spring and after growth had ceased in the autumn. We hypothesized that substrate type and availability control the seasonal variation and temperature sensitivity of E-s. The E-s increased and decreased above and below the girdle, respectively, within 24 h of treatment. Seasonal variation in E-s response to girdling corresponded to changes in stem soluble sugar and starch concentration. Relative to nongirdled trees, E-s increased 94% above the girdle and decreased 50% below in the autumn compared with a 60% and 20% response at similar positions in the spring. The sensitivity of E-s to temperature decreased below the girdle in the autumn and spring and increased above the girdle but only in the autumn. Temperature-corrected E-s was linearly related to soluble sugar (R2 = 0.57) and starch (R2 = 0.62) concentration. We conclude that carbohydrate supply, primarily recently fixed photosynthate, strongly influences E-s in Pinus taeda stems. Carbohydrate availability effects on E-s obviate the utility of applying short-term temperature response functions across seasons. C1 [Maier, Chris A.; Johnsen, Kurt H.; Ludovici, Kim H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Clinton, Barton D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC USA. RP Maier, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM cmaier@fs.fed.us NR 63 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 185 IS 2 BP 502 EP 513 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03063.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534KA UT WOS:000272893800015 PM 19878459 ER PT J AU McCarthy, HR Oren, R Johnsen, KH Gallet-Budynek, A Pritchard, SG Cook, CW LaDeau, SL Jackson, RB Finzi, AC AF McCarthy, Heather R. Oren, Ram Johnsen, Kurt H. Gallet-Budynek, Anne Pritchard, Seth G. Cook, Charles W. LaDeau, Shannon L. Jackson, Robert B. Finzi, Adrien C. TI Re-assessment of plant carbon dynamics at the Duke free-air CO2 enrichment site: interactions of atmospheric [CO2] with nitrogen and water availability over stand development SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE carbon allocation; Duke free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); net primary production; potential evapotranspiration; precipitation; stand growth ID WARM-TEMPERATE FOREST; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; LOBLOLLY-PINE FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; POPLAR PLANTATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; USE EFFICIENCY AB P>The potential for elevated [CO2]-induced changes to plant carbon (C) storage, through modifications in plant production and allocation of C among plant pools, is an important source of uncertainty when predicting future forest function. Utilizing 10 yr of data from the Duke free-air CO2 enrichment site, we evaluated the dynamics and distribution of plant C. Discrepancy between heights measured for this study and previously calculated heights required revision of earlier allometrically based biomass determinations, resulting in higher (up to 50%) estimates of standing biomass and net primary productivity than previous assessments. Generally, elevated [CO2] caused sustained increases in plant biomass production and in standing C, but did not affect the partitioning of C among plant biomass pools. Spatial variation in net primary productivity and its [CO2]-induced enhancement was controlled primarily by N availability, with the difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration explaining most interannual variability. Consequently, [CO2]-induced net primary productivity enhancement ranged from 22 to 30% in different plots and years. Through quantifying the effects of nutrient and water availability on the forest productivity response to elevated [CO2], we show that net primary productivity enhancement by elevated [CO2] is not uniform, but rather highly dependent on the availability of other growth resources. C1 [Johnsen, Kurt H.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Gallet-Budynek, Anne; Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Pritchard, Seth G.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Cook, Charles W.; LaDeau, Shannon L.; Jackson, Robert B.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McCarthy, Heather R.; Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP McCarthy, HR (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM heather.mccarthy@uci.edu RI Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; OI Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; LaDeau, Shannon/0000-0003-4825-5435; McCarthy, Heather R/0000-0002-2219-5182 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER62083]; National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC); Southeast Regional Center (SERC); US Forest Service through both the Southern Global Climate Change Program and the Southern Research Station; US NSF [DEB0236356, DEB0235425]; National Institute for Global Environmental Change [DE-FC02-06ER64156] FX We thank Sari Palmroth and A. Christopher Oishi for early comments on this manuscript. We also thank Evan DeLucia, David Moore and Jeff Pippen for early raw data on tree growth in plots 1-6. This study was supported by the US Department of Energy (Grant No. DE-FG02-95ER62083) through the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) and its National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), Southeast Regional Center (SERC) at the University of Alabama, and by the US Forest Service through both the Southern Global Climate Change Program and the Southern Research Station. A.C. Finzi and R.B. Jackson acknowledge ancillary support from the US NSF (DEB0236356 and DEB0235425) and S.G. Pritchard acknowledges ancillary support from the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NICCR Grant No. DE-FC02-06ER64156). NR 62 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 11 U2 105 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 185 IS 2 BP 514 EP 528 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03078.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534KA UT WOS:000272893800016 PM 19895671 ER PT J AU Fan, S Bielenberg, DG Zhebentyayeva, TN Reighard, GL Okie, WR Holland, D Abbott, AG AF Fan, Shenghua Bielenberg, Douglas G. Zhebentyayeva, Tetyana N. Reighard, Gregory L. Okie, William R. Holland, Doron Abbott, Albert G. TI Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with chilling requirement, heat requirement and bloom date in peach (Prunus persica) SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE bloom date; chilling requirement; endo-dormancy; heat requirement; peach; quantitative trait loci ID MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; L. BATSCH; DORMANCY; GENE; CULTIVARS; ALMOND; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; PLANTS; QTLS AB P>Chilling requirement, together with heat requirement, determines the bloom date, which has an impact on the climatic distribution of the genotypes of tree species. The molecular basis of floral bud chilling requirement is poorly understood, despite its importance to the adaptation and production of fruit trees. In addition, the genetic nature of heat requirement and the genetic interrelationships among chilling requirement, heat requirement and bloom date remain unclear. A peach (Prunus persica) F-2 population of 378 genotypes developed from two genotypes with contrasting chilling requirements was used for linkage map construction and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. The floral bud chilling and heat requirements of each genotype were evaluated over 2 yr and the bloom date was scored over 4 yr. Twenty QTLs with additive effects were identified for three traits, including one major QTL for chilling requirement and two major QTLs for bloom date. The majority of QTLs colocalized with QTLs for other trait(s). In particular, one genomic region of 2 cM, pleiotropic for the three traits, overlapped with the sequenced peach EVG region. This first report on the QTL mapping of floral bud chilling requirement will facilitate marker-assisted breeding for low chilling requirement cultivars and the map-based cloning of genes controlling chilling requirement. The extensive colocalization of QTLs suggests that there may be one unified temperature sensing and action system regulating chilling requirement, heat requirement and bloom date together. C1 [Fan, Shenghua; Zhebentyayeva, Tetyana N.; Abbott, Albert G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bielenberg, Douglas G.; Reighard, Gregory L.] Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bielenberg, Douglas G.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Okie, William R.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Holland, Doron] Newe Yaar Res Ctr, ARO, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. RP Abbott, AG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM aalbert@clemson.edu RI Bielenberg, Douglas/G-3893-2010; Fan, Shenghua/E-6400-2016 OI Bielenberg, Douglas/0000-0002-4853-2984; FU BARD [US-3746-05R]; Robert and Louise Coker Endowed Chair funds at Clemson University FX The authors thank Wayne Sherman for providing the pollen of 'Fla.92-2C', Ignazio Verde, Elisa Vendramin and Werner Howad for providing aliquots and unpublished sequences of SSR primers, Chittaranjan Kole and Marisa Badenes for assistance with data analysis, Laura Georgi for assistance with manuscript preparation, and the many people who participated in the phenotyping of the chilling requirement and bloom date. This research was supported in part by the BARD program US-3746-05R and the Robert and Louise Coker Endowed Chair funds at Clemson University. NR 54 TC 75 Z9 78 U1 5 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PY 2010 VL 185 IS 4 BP 917 EP 930 DI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03119.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554CF UT WOS:000274412400012 PM 20028471 ER PT J AU Shi, XA Wang, JC Zhang, DY Gaskin, J Pan, BR AF Shi, Xiang Wang, Jian-Cheng Zhang, Dao-Yuan Gaskin, John Pan, Bo-Rong TI Pollen source and resource limitation to fruit production in the rare species Eremosparton songoricum (Fabaceae) SO NORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID SEED-SET; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PLANT REPRODUCTION; POLLINATION; CONSEQUENCES; PATTERNS; SIZE; POPULATION; FITNESS; FLOWERS AB Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass. is a rare, central Asian desert species which shows lower fruit set and seed set (< 16%) than most hermaphroditic species. We hypothesized that fruit production was limited by pollen and resources. To evaluate potential fruit abortion due to pollen limitation, supplemental hand-pollination was undertaken, the mating system was investigated and the foraging behavior of pollinators was recorded. To investigate possibile resource limitation, flowers and young pods were artificially removed and fertilization were manipulated. The results showed that under natural pollination, the number of pollen deposited on the stigma greatly exceed the number of ovules per ovary. Mating system experiments showed that the species is self-compatible, but depended on pollinators to set seeds. Supplemental outcross pollination increased fruit set significantly. The most frequent effective pollinator Megachile terminate Morawitz, was observed pollinating many flowers of the same individual plant (74.5 +/- 1.3%). These results suggested that fruit production is affected by insufficient outcross pollen rather than by pollen quantity. Removal of 2/3 of the flowers and young pods led to significantly higher fruit set, as did addition of fertilizers (N-P-K: 0.025-0.05-0.013 g, N-P-K: 0.05-0.1-0.025 g) showing that reducing resource acceptors and increasing inorganic resources both helps to improve fruit set. We therefore conclude that reproductive success of E. songoricum is limited by both outcross pollen and available nutrients. C1 [Shi, Xiang; Wang, Jian-Cheng; Zhang, Dao-Yuan; Pan, Bo-Rong] Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, CN-830011 Urumqi, Peoples R China. [Shi, Xiang; Wang, Jian-Cheng] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, CN-100049 Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Dao-Yuan; Pan, Bo-Rong] Chinese Acad Sci, Turpan Eremophytes Bot Garden, CN-838008 Turpan, Peoples R China. [Gaskin, John] USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Shi, XA (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Xinjiang Inst Ecol & Geog, Key Lab Biogeog & Bioresource Arid Land, CN-830011 Urumqi, Peoples R China. EM 2000wwww@163.com FU National Science Foundation of China [30970547]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-YW-Z-1020]; National Basic Research Program, China [2009CB825104] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance and advice of Prof. Tan Dunyan from Xinjiang Agriculture Univ. Insect specimens were identified by Dr Hu Hongying at Xinjiang Univ. This work was supported by grants from National Science Foundation project of China (no. 30970547), Key Knowledge Innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-Z-1020) and the National Basic Research Program, China (no. 2009CB825104). NR 44 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0107-055X J9 NORD J BOT JI Nord. J. Bot. PY 2010 VL 28 IS 4 BP 438 EP 444 DI 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00658.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 646OH UT WOS:000281551400007 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK Summerfelt, ST AF Schrader, Kevin K. Summerfelt, Steven T. TI Distribution of Off-Flavor Compounds and Isolation of Geosmin-Producing Bacteria in a Series of Water Recirculating Systems for Rainbow Trout Culture SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; IDENTIFICATION; CYANOBACTERIA; STREPTOMYCES; MYXOBACTERIA; CATFISH; PONDS AB Preharvest off-flavor in aquaculture products results in large economic losses to producers due to delayed harvest. The common off flavors "earthy'' and "musty'' are due to the presence of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), respectively. Although certain species of cyanobacteria are responsible for these problems in pond-cultured fish, the microbial sources of geosmin and MIB in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are still being explored. In this study, we investigated (1) the distribution of geosmin and MIB within six replicated RASs producing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and (2) the microorganisms responsible for earthy off-flavor in the flesh of RAS-cultured trout. Water, biosolids, and fish samples were collected when fish were at maximum feed levels and before harvest. Each RAS contained a fluidized-sand biofilter, a cascade aeration column, a low-head oxygenation (LHO) unit, an LHO sump, a 5.3-m(3) culture tank, a drum filter, a pump sump, and a heat exchanger. Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was used to determine the levels of geosmin and MIB in the collected samples. Water and biosolid samples were used to inoculate media for culturing microorganisms capable of producing geosmin, MIB, or both (e. g., actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, fungi, and myxobacteria). Microbial isolates producing an earthy-musty odor were subjected to SPME-GC-MS analysis to verify geosmin and MIB production. Geosmin levels were higher and more prevalent than MIB in water, biosolids, and trout fillets. In addition, geosmin levels were higher in biosolids than in water. The earthy-odor-producing actinomycetes Nocardia cummidelens, N. fluminea, Streptomyces luridiscabiei, and Streptomyces cf. albidoflavus, were isolated from biosolids contained within the RAS drum filters and heat exchangers, and these isolates were subsequently confirmed to be geosmin producers. No other geosmin-producing microorganisms were isolated. These isolates were the likely source of the geosmin in the RAS water and contributors to the earthy off-flavor in the trout. C1 [Schrader, Kevin K.] ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Summerfelt, Steven T.] Conservat Fund Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Schrader, KK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kevin.schrader@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1577/A09-009.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588YZ UT WOS:000277112000001 ER PT J AU Weirich, CR Wills, PS Baptiste, RM Riche, MA AF Weirich, Charles R. Wills, Paul S. Baptiste, Richard M. Riche, Marty A. TI Production Characteristics and Body Composition of Juvenile Cobia Fed Three Different Commercial Diets in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RACHYCENTRON-CANADUM; FISH-MEAL; SOYBEAN-MEAL; LIPID-LEVELS; GROWTH; PROTEIN; REPLACEMENT; SUPPLEMENTATION; LARVICULTURE; REQUIREMENT AB The effect of feeding three commercial diets on production characteristics and body composition of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum reared using recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) was assessed in a 56-d growth trial. Juvenile cobia (mean weight +/- SE, 29.2 +/- 0.7 g) were stocked into three 8-m(3) tanks in each of four RASs at an initial density of 1.2 kg/m(3). After stocking, fish were fed one of three commercial diets: Hybrid Striped Bass diet (HSB; 44% protein, 12% lipid), Finfish Gold diet (GOLD; 42% protein, 16% lipid), or Marine Grower diet (MG; 50% protein, 15% lipid), all at a targeted feed rate of 3-5% of body weight per day. At 2-week intervals, 10% of the population of each tank was collected to determine mean weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and biomass. At the end of the rearing trial, the entire population of each tank was harvested to determine production characteristics and survival. In addition, fish were sampled to determine whole-body composition, hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio, energy retention (ER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and protein productive value (PPV). Final weight (311.0 g), weight gain (281.8 g), SGR (4.23% per day), FCE (85.7%), biomass (11.20 kg/m(3)), and ER (32.7%) of fish fed the MG diet were significantly greater than those of fish fed the HSB and GOLD diets. No differences in survival, gross energy, ash, or crude lipid content existed among fish fed the three diets. Lowest dry matter content, lowest PPV, and highest protein content were observed in fish fed the HSB diet. Highest PER was observed in fish fed the GOLD diet. Although the cost of production per kilogram for rearing juvenile cobia with the MG diet would be greater, this cost could be offset by the 15% reduction in rearing time required as compared with the HSB and GOLD diets. C1 [Weirich, Charles R.; Riche, Marty A.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Wills, Paul S.; Baptiste, Richard M.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Aquaculture & Stock Enhancement, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Weirich, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM cweirich@aquagrn.com FU USDA-ARS [6225-63000-007-00D] FX Special appreciation is extended to Fernando Cavalin for providing daily care to experimental cobia before the rearing trial was initiated. Thanks are also extended to Jay Adams, Meghan Anderson, Daniel Benetti, David Cerino, Jerry Corsaut, Megan Davis, Don Freeman, David Haley, Susan Laramore, Rolland Laramore, Todd Lenger, Gary Luisi, Tim Pfeiffer, Bruno Sardenburg, Peter Stock, Patrick Tracy, Tony Wadley, and Peter Woodward for technical support. We also thank Jesse Chappel, Anita Kelly, and John Scarpa for providing critical reviews of the manuscript. This study was funded by the USDA-ARS under Project Number 6225-63000-007-00D. All programs and services of the USDA are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply endorsement by the USDA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1577/A09-015.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588YZ UT WOS:000277112000006 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CA Barrows, FT Ulibarri, M Gould, WR AF Caldwell, Colleen A. Barrows, Frederic T. Ulibarri, Manuel Gould, William R. TI Diet Optimization of Juvenile Rio Grande Silvery Minnow SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID TROUT; PERFORMANCE; PROTEIN AB Captive propagation of the federally endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus has been identified as essential for the recovery of the species. A starter diet was initially developed for this cyprinid to support rapid growth through the larval stage. The diet, however, was too costly to support the grower phase of the species. A series of trials was conducted to determine whether a grower diet could be developed that would be cost effective while maintaining fish performance. Quadruplicate lots of Rio Grande silvery minnow (approximately 90 d posthatch, 0.39-0.42 g) were fed a reference diet or one of five experimental diets until just before gonadal maturation at two facilities in New Mexico (New Mexico State University [NMSU] and Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center [Dexter]). The diets varied in percent composition of ingredients to account for a range in feed costs. Cyclop-eeze (Argent, Redmond, Washington), krill, liver, and fish meals were present in the reference diet and sequentially altered in the remaining test diets to maintain high protein levels in the diets (57.9-64.9% dry matter). Total weight gains at the end of the 16-week trials were lower than expected (140-200%), with no differences among diets at NMSU. Although total weight gain was less at Dexter (105-150%), there were differences among diets. Specific growth rate was greater at both facilities in fish fed the reference diet and a diet lowest in fish meal (1.82% per day). The highest growth rate occurred across all diets within the first 30 d of both feed trials and then diminished by the end of the trials. There were no detectable differences in critical swimming speed or fat scores in fish fed diets with and without expensive feed ingredients or increasing fish meal. The most consistent growth was observed when fish were fed a diet low in fish meal, and our results clearly identified a less-expensive grower formulation for the production of this imperiled cyprinid. C1 [Caldwell, Colleen A.] New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] ARS, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Ulibarri, Manuel] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. [Gould, William R.] New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Caldwell, CA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, US Geol Survey, New Mexico Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Ecol, Box 30003,Mail Stop Code 4901, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM ccaldwel@nmsu.edu FU Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program FX Major funding for the study was provided by the Middle Rio Grande Endangered Species Act Collaborative Program, with additional support from the USFWS Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center; USFWS Bozeman Fish Technology Center; U. S. Geological Survey, New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; NMSU College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station; and NMSU Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology. J. Landye and W. Knight provided technical assistance with the feed trials at NMSU and Dexter. Our research received approval from New Mexico State University, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (T and E Permit TE046517-0), and the New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (Permit 3033). NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 72 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1577/A09-011.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588YZ UT WOS:000277112000008 ER PT J AU Grant, D Nelson, RT Cannon, SB Shoemaker, RC AF Grant, David Nelson, Rex T. Cannon, Steven B. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI SoyBase, the USDA-ARS soybean genetics and genomics database SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB SoyBase, the USDA-ARS soybean genetic database, is a comprehensive repository for professionally curated genetics, genomics and related data resources for soybean. SoyBase contains the most current genetic, physical and genomic sequence maps integrated with qualitative and quantitative traits. The quantitative trait loci (QTL) represent more than 18 years of QTL mapping of more than 90 unique traits. SoyBase also contains the well-annotated 'Williams 82' genomic sequence and associated data mining tools. The genetic and sequence views of the soybean chromosomes and the extensive data on traits and phenotypes are extensively interlinked. This allows entry to the database using almost any kind of available information, such as genetic map symbols, soybean gene names or phenotypic traits. SoyBase is the repository for controlled vocabularies for soybean growth, development and trait terms, which are also linked to the more general plant ontologies. SoyBase can be accessed at http://soybase.org. C1 [Grant, David; Nelson, Rex T.; Cannon, Steven B.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, CICGRU, ARS,USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Grant, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, CICGRU, ARS,USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.grant@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) FX United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS). Funding for open access charge: USDA-ARS. NR 6 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 SU 1 BP D843 EP D846 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp798 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 579TV UT WOS:000276399100131 PM 20008513 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Murphy, T Xia, J Caragea, D Park, Y Beeman, RW Lorenzen, MD Butcher, S Manak, JR Brown, SJ AF Kim, Hee Shin Murphy, Terence Xia, Jing Caragea, Doina Park, Yoonseong Beeman, Richard W. Lorenzen, Marce D. Butcher, Stephen Manak, J. Robert Brown, Susan J. TI BeetleBase in 2010: revisions to provide comprehensive genomic information for Tribolium castaneum SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; DATABASE; BLAST AB BeetleBase (http://www.beetlebase.org) has been updated to provide more comprehensive genomic information for the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. The database contains genomic sequence scaffolds mapped to 10 linkage groups (genome assembly release Tcas_ 3.0), genetic linkage maps, the official gene set, Reference Sequences from NCBI (RefSeq), predicted gene models, ESTs and whole-genome tiling array data representing several developmental stages. The database was reconstructed using the upgraded Generic Model Organism Database (GMOD) modules. The genomic data is stored in a PostgreSQL relatational database using the Chado schema and visualized as tracks in GBrowse. The updated genetic map is visualized using the comparative genetic map viewer CMAP. To enhance the database search capabilities, the BLAST and BLAT search tools have been integrated with the GMOD tools. BeetleBase serves as a long-term repository for Tribolium genomic data, and is compatible with other model organism databases. C1 [Kim, Hee Shin; Caragea, Doina; Brown, Susan J.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Bioinformat Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Murphy, Terence] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Xia, Jing; Caragea, Doina] Kansas State Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Park, Yoonseong] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Beeman, Richard W.; Lorenzen, Marce D.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Butcher, Stephen; Manak, J. Robert] Univ Iowa, Dept Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Manak, J. Robert] Univ Iowa, Roy J Carver Ctr Genom, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Brown, SJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Bioinformat Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM sjbrown@ksu.edu RI Park, Yoonseong/J-5861-2013 OI Park, Yoonseong/0000-0003-1191-7335 FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [P20 RR016475]; National Institutes of Health; NIH; National Library of Medicine; National Center for Research Resources National Institutes of Health [P20 RR016475] FX Grant number P20 RR016475 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health. Work at NCBI was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine. Funding for open access charge: National Center for Research Resources National Institutes of Health (P20 RR016475). NR 12 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 SU 1 BP D437 EP D442 DI 10.1093/nar/gkp807 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 579TV UT WOS:000276399100069 PM 19820115 ER PT J AU Sobolev, AP Capitani, D Giannino, D Nicolodi, C Testone, G Santoro, F Frugis, G Iannelli, MA Mattoo, AK Brosio, E Gianferri, R D'Amico, I Mannina, L AF Sobolev, Anatoly P. Capitani, Donatella Giannino, Donato Nicolodi, Chiara Testone, Giulio Santoro, Flavio Frugis, Giovanna Iannelli, Maria A. Mattoo, Autar K. Brosio, Elvino Gianferri, Raffaella D'Amico, Irene Mannina, Luisa TI NMR-Metabolic Methodology in the Study of GM Foods SO NUTRIENTS LA English DT Article DE NMR metabolic profiling; genetically modified food; transgenic lettuce ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; LACTUCA-SATIVA L.; LETTUCE; GENE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The (1)H-NMR methodology used in the study of genetically modified (GM) foods is discussed. Transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv "Luxor") over-expressing the Arabidopsis KNAT1 gene is presented as a case study. Twenty-two water-soluble metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, sugars) present in leaves of conventional and GM lettuce were monitored by NMR and quantified at two developmental stages. The NMR spectra did not reveal any difference in metabolite composition between the GM lettuce and the wild type counterpart. Statistical analyses of metabolite variables highlighted metabolism variation as a function of leaf development as well as the transgene. A main effect of the transgene was in altering sugar metabolism. C1 [Sobolev, Anatoly P.; Capitani, Donatella; Santoro, Flavio; Mannina, Luisa] CNR, Magnet Resonance Lab Annalaura Segre, Inst Chem Methodol, I-00015 Rome, Italy. [Giannino, Donato; Nicolodi, Chiara; Testone, Giulio; Frugis, Giovanna; Iannelli, Maria A.] CNR, Inst Biol & Agr Biotechnol, I-00015 Rome, Italy. [Mattoo, Autar K.] ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Brosio, Elvino; Gianferri, Raffaella] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Chem, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [D'Amico, Irene] Univ Molise, STAAM Dept, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy. [Mannina, Luisa] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Fac Pharm, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Sobolev, AP (reprint author), CNR, Magnet Resonance Lab Annalaura Segre, Inst Chem Methodol, Via Salaria Km 29-300, I-00015 Rome, Italy. EM anatoli.sobolev@imc.cnr.it; donatella.capitani@imc.cnr.it; donato.giannino@ibba.cnr.it; chiara.nicolodi@mlib.cnr.it; giulio.testone@ibba.cnr.it; flavio.santoro@hotmail.it; frugis@ibba.cnr.it; mariaadelaide.iannelli@ibba.cnr.it; Autar.Mattoo@ARS.USDA.GOV; elvino.brosio@uniroma1.it; raffaella.gianferri@uniroma1.it; irene.damico@unimol.it; luisa.mannina@uniroma1.it RI Gianferri, Raffaella/G-9492-2013; Testone, Giulio/B-8985-2015; Frugis, Giovanna/C-4892-2015; Iannelli, Maria Adelaide/C-4929-2015; OI Gianferri, Raffaella/0000-0002-9899-0190; Frugis, Giovanna/0000-0002-6405-7386; Iannelli, Maria Adelaide/0000-0002-4990-3978; TESTONE, GIULIO/0000-0002-6355-3871; Capitani, Donatella/0000-0003-2392-0187; Mannina, Luisa/0000-0001-8659-5890; SOBOLEV, ANATOLY/0000-0001-8709-7666 FU Italian MIPAF [OGM-NMR - DM 286/7303/06] FX This research was funded by the Italian MIPAF (Project OGM-NMR - DM 286/7303/06) NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6643 J9 NUTRIENTS JI Nutrients PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.3390/nu2010001 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 864IV UT WOS:000298234300001 PM 22253988 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Nguyen, T Neidlinger, TR AF Burri, Betty Jane Nguyen, Thuan Neidlinger, Terry R. TI Absorption estimates improve the validity of the relationship between dietary and serum lycopene SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Lycopene; Absorption; Bioaccessibility; Food frequency; Food record; Human; Mathematical model ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; VITAMIN-E; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; TOMATO PRODUCTS; CAROTENOIDS; BIOMARKERS; PLASMA; CANCER; TRIADS; BIOACCESSIBILITY AB Objective: Studies show low correlations between dietary intake and serum concentrations of lycopene, which make It difficult to assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions with this phytonutrient We hypothesized that 1) combining food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 3-d diet records (3D-DRs) by the triads method would improve the validity of this relation and 2) correcting dietary information for differences in lycopene absorption from food matrices would further improve validity Methods: We measured dietary intakes of lycopene from 49 adults by 3D-DR and FFQ Serum lycopene was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection Cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Lycopene-containing foods were given absorption factors based on literature and laboratory values. Associations between dietary and serum lycopene were modeled using multiple regression The triads method was used for validation of relations among FFQ, 3D-DR, and serum lycopene. Results: Raw data showed low correlations between dietary and serum lycopene (r = +0.15 for 3D-DR, +0.35 for FFQ) Mathematical modeling showed that the 3D-DR and FFQ methods must be used to collect accurate dietary information for lycopene. Validity coefficients calculated by the triads method were +0 34 for 3D-DR and +0 78 for FFQ Correcting for absorption increased the validity coefficient to +0 72 for 3D-DR and from +0 45 to +0.66 for serum lycopene Conclusion: The relation between dietary intake and serum concentrations of lycopene and other carotenoids can be improved by collecting 3D-DR and FFQ data and by adjusting dietary information for nutrient absorption Published by Elsevier Inc C1 [Burri, Betty Jane; Nguyen, Thuan; Neidlinger, Terry R.] USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Burri, Betty Jane] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 82 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2009.06.020 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 578XZ UT WOS:000276331800009 PM 19819675 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW Botnen, JH Briske-Anderson, M AF Zeng, Huawei Botnen, James H. Briske-Anderson, Mary TI Deoxycholic Acid and Selenium Metabolite Methylselenol Exert Common and Distinct Effects on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and MAP Kinase Pathway in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; PROSTATE-CANCER; PREVENTION; SELENOMETHIONINE; INDUCTION; TUMORIGENESIS; METHIONINASE; SUPPRESSES; INTESTINE; IMPACT AB The cell growth inhibition induced by bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA) may cause compensatory hyperproliferation of colonic epithelial cells and consequently increase colon cancer risk. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence for the efficacy of certain forms of selenium (Se) as anticancer nutrients. Methylselenol has been hypothesized to be a critical Se metabolite for anticancer activity in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that both DCA (75-300 mol/l) and submicromolar methylselenol inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation by up to 64% and 63%, respectively. In addition, DCA and methylselenol each increased colon cancer cell apoptosis rate by up to twofold. Cell cycle analyses revealed that DCA induced an increase in only the G1 fraction with a concomitant drop in G2 and S-phase; in contrast, methylselenol led to an increase in the G1 and G2 fractions with a concomitant drop only in the S-phase. Although both DCA and methylselenol significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell growth, examination of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation showed that DCA, but not methylselenol, induced SAPK/JNK1/2, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 activation. Thus, our data provide, for the first time, the molecular basis for opposite effects of methylselenol and DCA on colon tumorigenesis. C1 [Zeng, Huawei; Botnen, James H.; Briske-Anderson, Mary] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM huawei.zeng@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We are grateful to Karen LoneFight, Brenda Skinner, and LuAnn Johnson for technical support. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2010 VL 62 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 AR PII 918137712 DI 10.1080/01635580903191551 PG 8 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 538PW UT WOS:000273197400009 PM 20043263 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Cassidy, A McKeown, N AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Cassidy, Aedin McKeown, Nicola TI Sheila Bingham Rodwell, PhD, OBE 1947-2009 OBITUARY SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McKeown, Nicola] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Tufts Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.; McKeown, Nicola] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Cassidy, Aedin] Univ E Anglia, Sch Med, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Box 783 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Dwyerj1@od.nih.gov; A.Cassidy@uea.ac.uk; Nicola.mckeown@tufts.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2010 VL 62 IS 6 BP 856 EP 857 AR PII 924626366 DI 10.1080/01635581.2010.499847 PG 2 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 628WI UT WOS:000280154500019 PM 20661835 ER PT J AU Guo, WM Nie, L Wu, DY Wise, ML Collins, FW Meydani, SN Meydani, M AF Guo, Weimin Nie, Lin Wu, Dayong Wise, Mitchell L. Collins, F. William Meydani, Simin Nikbin Meydani, Mohsen TI Avenanthramides Inhibit Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; DIFFERENTIATED CACO-2 CELLS; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA CELLS; AGE-ASSOCIATED INCREASE; CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 EXPRESSION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DIETARY FIBER; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION AB A high intake of whole grain foods is associated with reduced risk of colon cancer, but the mechanism underlying this protection has yet to be elucidated. Chronic inflammation and associated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the colon epithelium are causally related to epithelial carcinogenesis, proliferation, and tumor growth. We examined the effect of avenanthramides (Avns), unique polyphenols from oats with anti-inflammatory properties, on COX-2 expression in macrophages, colon cancer cell lines, and on proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines. We found that Avns-enriched extract of oats (AvExO) had no effect on COX-2 expression, but it did inhibit COX enzyme activity and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Avns (AvExO, Avn-C, and the methylated form of Avn-C (CH3-Avn-C)) significantly inhibited cell proliferation of both COX-2-positive HT29, Caco-2, and LS174T, and COX-2-negative HCT116 human colon cancer cell lines, CH3-Avn-C being the most potent. However, Avns had no effect on COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in Caco-2 and HT29 colon cancer cells. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of Avns on colon cancer cell proliferation may be independent of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. Thus, Avns might reduce colon cancer risk through inhibition of macrophage PGE2 production and non-COX-related antiproliferative effects in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, Avns had no effect on cell viability of confluence-induced differentiated Caco-2 cells, which display the characteristics of normal colonic epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the consumption of oats and oat bran may reduce the risk of colon cancer not only because of their high fiber content but also due to Avns, which attenuate proliferation of colonic cancer cells. C1 [Meydani, Mohsen] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wise, Mitchell L.] ARS Cereal Crops Res, USDA, Madison, WI USA. [Collins, F. William] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Meydani, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mohsen.meydani@tufts.edu RI Guo, Weimin/B-3155-2009 OI Guo, Weimin/0000-0003-4318-7154 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707] FX This manuscript is based on the work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We would also like to thank Stephanie Marco for her assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 88 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2010 VL 62 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1016 AR PII 929167291 DI 10.1080/01635581.2010.492090 PG 10 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 675ZN UT WOS:000283879600001 PM 21058188 ER PT B AU Spahn, JM AF Spahn, Joanne M. BE Wilson, T Temple, NJ Bray, GA Struble, MB TI Achieving Dietary Change: The Role of the Physician SO NUTRITION GUIDE FOR PHYSICIANS SE Nutrition and Health Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Client-centered counseling; clinical care guidelines; behavior change; motivational interviewing; evidence-based counseling methods; stages of change; cognitive-behavioral theory; physician interventions ID PRIMARY-CARE; NUTRITION; EDUCATION; BEHAVIOR; WEIGHT; OFFICE; REAP; WAVE AB The worldwide obesity epidemic has increased the impetus for development of clinic-based strategies targeting delivery of nutrition advice and counseling in the primary-care setting. Nutrition counseling is most effective when targeted to patients at the highest risk, supported by counseling and referral of appropriate clients to nutrition intervention programs. Client-centered counseling strategies engage the patient in development and implementation of an action plan designed to enhance self-management practices. The 5A-counseling model is a recognized evidence-based method for conducting minimal contact behavior change interventions. Application of a combination of motivational interviewing and cognitive-behavioral strategies is effective in precipitating nutrition-related behavior change. C1 USDA, Evidence Anal Lib Div, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC USA. RP Spahn, JM (reprint author), USDA, Evidence Anal Lib Div, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-60327-430-2 J9 NUTR HEALTH SER JI Nutr. Health Ser. PY 2010 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-431-9_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-431-9 PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Medicine, General & Internal; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; General & Internal Medicine; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BMR61 UT WOS:000273401400012 ER PT J AU Junyent, M Lee, YC Smith, CE Arnett, DK Tsai, MY Kabagambe, EK Straka, RJ Province, M An, P Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Shen, J Borecki, I Ordovas, JM AF Junyent, M. Lee, Y. -C. Smith, C. E. Arnett, D. K. Tsai, M. Y. Kabagambe, E. K. Straka, R. J. Province, M. An, P. Lai, C. -Q. Parnell, L. D. Shen, J. Borecki, I. Ordovas, J. M. TI The effect of a novel intergenic polymorphism (rs11774572) on HDL-cholesterol concentrations depends on TaqIB polymorphism in the cholesterol ester transfer protein gene SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Article DE HDL-cholesterol; metabolic syndrome; polymorphism-polymorphism interaction; CETP gene; pathway ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; POPULATION; RISK; ASSOCIATION; LOCI AB Background and aims: Several genes have been shown to individually affect plasma lipoprotein metabolism in humans. Studies on gene-gene interactions could offer more insight into how genes affect lipid metabolism and may be useful in predicting lipid concentrations. We tested for gene-gene interactions between TaqIB SNP in the cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs11774572, rs7819412 and rs6995374 for their effect on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and related traits. Methods and results: The aforementioned SNPs were genotyped in 1002 subjects who participated in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study. Lipids were measured by standard procedures and lipoprotein subfractions, by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Polymorphism rs11774572 was significantly associated with MetS (P = 0.020), mainly driven by the association of the C allele with lower HDL-C (P = 0.043) and higher triglycerides (P = 0.049) and insulin (P = 0.040) concentrations than TT subjects. A significant interaction between SNPs rs11774572 and CETP-TaqIB SNPs was found for HDL-C concentrations (P = 0.006) and for HDL (P = 0.008) and LDL particle sizes (P = 0.009), small LDL (P = 0.004), and VLDL concentrations (P = 0.021), in which TT homozygotes displayed higher HDL-C concentrations and for HDL and LDL particle sizes, and lower small LDL and VLDL concentrations than C carriers, if they were CETP B2 allele carriers (P values ranging from <0.001 to 0.001). Conclusions: The rs11774572 polymorphism may play a role in the dyslipidemia that characterizes MetS. The interaction between rs11774572 and CETP-TaqIB SNPs on HDL-C concentrations provides some insights into the underlying mechanisms. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Junyent, M.; Lee, Y. -C.; Smith, C. E.; Lai, C. -Q.; Parnell, L. D.; Shen, J.; Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, D. K.; Kabagambe, E. K.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Arnett, D. K.; Kabagambe, E. K.] Univ Alabama, Clin Nutr Res Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Tsai, M. Y.] Univ Minnesota, Lab Med & Pathol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Straka, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Expt, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Straka, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Province, M.; Borecki, I.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Biostat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [An, P.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Stat Genom, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Junyent, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mireia.junyent@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524]; Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides [HL-54776]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [2007-1086]; [T32 DK007651-19] FX This work was supported by NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute grant U 01 HL72524, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides, grant HL-54776, by contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service. MJ is supported by a grant from the Fulbright-Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (reference 2007-1086). CES is supported by grant T32 DK007651-19. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.010 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 629BQ UT WOS:000280169400006 PM 19364639 ER PT J AU Barnett, JB Hamer, DH Meydani, SN AF Barnett, Junaidah B. Hamer, Davidson H. Meydani, Simin N. TI Low zinc status: a new risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE elderly; nursing home; pneumonia; zinc ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; TERM-CARE FACILITY; HUMAN T-CELLS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; AGED MICE; VITAMIN-E AB Low zinc status may be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. This special article reviews the magnitude of the problem of pneumonia (its prevalence, morbidity, and mortality) in the elderly, pneumonia's etiology, and the dysregulation of the immune system associated with increasing age. In addition, recent evidence from the literature is presented demonstrating that low zinc status (commonly reported in the elderly) impairs immune function, decreases resistance to pathogens, and is associated with increased incidence and duration of pneumonia, increased use and duration of antimicrobial treatment, and increased overall mortality in the elderly. Inadequate stores of zinc might, therefore, be a risk factor for pneumonia in the elderly. Randomized, double-blind, controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy of zinc supplementation as a potential low-cost intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in this vulnerable population. C1 [Meydani, Simin N.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Dept Pathol,Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Barnett, Junaidah B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Infect Unit,Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Nutr Immunol Lab,Sch Med,Friedman Sch Nutr Sci &, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Barnett, Junaidah B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med,Tufts Univ,Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Polic, Nutrit Immunol Lab,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Hamer, Davidson H.] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Boston, MA USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Dept Pathol,Sackler Grad Sch Biochem Sci, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM simin.meydani@tufts.edu OI Hamer, Davidson/0000-0002-4700-1495 FU NIA, National Institutes of Health [1R01-AG13975]; United States Department of Agriculture [58-1950-9-001]; Hoffmann-LaRoche Vitamins and Fine Chemicals Division (currently DSM) Inc FX This work was supported by NIA, National Institutes of Health Grant 1R01-AG13975, United States Department of Agriculture agreement 58-1950-9-001, and a grant for preparation of study capsules from Hoffmann-LaRoche Vitamins and Fine Chemicals Division (currently DSM) Inc. NR 118 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00253.x PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 535XV UT WOS:000273006200002 PM 20041998 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Zhao, L Hwang, DH AF Lee, Joo Y. Zhao, Ling Hwang, Daniel H. TI Modulation of pattern recognition receptor-mediated inflammation and risk of chronic diseases by dietary fatty acids SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE fatty acids; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins; toll-like receptors ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; NF-KAPPA-B; INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; INDUCED COLON CARCINOGENESIS; GENE ASP299GLY POLYMORPHISM; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; PROMOTES TUMOR-GROWTH; PROSTATE-CANCER RISK; WHITE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; E-DEFICIENT MICE AB Chronic inflammation is known to promote the development of many chronic diseases. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins (NODs) mediate both infection-induced inflammation and sterile inflammation by recognizing pathogen- associated molecular patterns and endogenous molecules, respectively. PRR-mediated inflammation is an important determinant in altering the risk of many chronic diseases. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) can activate PRRs, leading to enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory target gene products. However, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibit agonist-induced activation of PRRs. These results suggest that SFAs and n-3 PUFAs can reciprocally modulate PRR-mediated inflammation, and that PRRs and their downstream signaling components are molecular targets for dietary strategies to reduce chronic inflammation and subsequent risk of chronic diseases. This advancement in knowledge provides a new paradigm for understanding the mechanism by which different dietary fatty acids modify risk of chronic diseases including insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, and cancer. C1 [Zhao, Ling; Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zhao, Ling; Hwang, Daniel H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, Joo Y.] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Cell Dynam Res Ctr, Kwangju, South Korea. RP Hwang, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Daniel.hwang@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health [DK064007, DK064007-05S1]; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2001-35200-10721]; Western Human Nutrition Research Center/ARS/USDA; Cell Dynamics Research Center; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) [R11-2007-007-02003-0)]; Korea government (MEST) [20090080185] FX This work was supported by grants DK064007 and DK064007-05S1 from the National Institutes of Health, grant 2001-35200-10721 from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and program funds from the Western Human Nutrition Research Center/ARS/USDA (D.H.H.) and grants from Cell Dynamics Research Center, the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) (R11-2007-007-02003-0), and KOSEF, Korea government (MEST) (No. 20090080185) (J.Y.L.). We thank Drs. Lindsay Allen, Sean Adams, and Charles Stephensen at Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA (Davis, CA) for critical reading and editing of the manuscript. NR 239 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 68 IS 1 BP 38 EP 61 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00259.x PG 24 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 535XV UT WOS:000273006200003 PM 20041999 ER PT B AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess BE Burckhardt, P DawsonHughes, B Weaver, C TI Acid-Base Balance, Bone, and Muscle SO NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES ON BONE HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis CY MAY 07-09, 2009 CL Lausanne, SWITZERLAND SP Nestle Waters, Sandox, Nycomed, Amgen SA, Coca Cola Beverage Inst, Dairy Australia, DSM Nutrit Products, Lallemand US, Pharmat US, Procter & Gamble, Servier, Wyeth ID SODIUM-BICARBONATE INGESTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS; CHRONIC-RENAL-FAILURE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE; POTASSIUM BICARBONATE; METABOLIC-ACIDOSIS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84882-977-0 PY 2010 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1007/978-1-84882-978-7_25 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BTU93 UT WOS:000288150300025 ER PT S AU Bohbot, JD Lu, T Zwiebel, LJ AF Bohbot, Jonathan D. Lu, Tan Zwiebel, Laurence J. BE Takken, W Knols, BGJ TI Molecular regulation of olfaction in mosquitoes SO OLFACTION IN VECTOR-HOST INTERACTIONS SE Ecology and Control of Vector-Borne Diseases LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE gene; g-protein coupled receptor (gpcr); labellum; maxillary palp; odorant-binding protein (obp); odorant receptor (or); signal transduction ID MALARIA VECTOR MOSQUITO; ODORANT-BINDING-PROTEIN; YELLOW-FEVER-MOSQUITO; PHEROMONE-SENSITIVE NEURONS; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; GENE FAMILY; ANTENNAL NEURONS; GENOME SEQUENCE AB Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mosquito olfaction have opened opportunities to approach behavioural disruption strategies of disease vectors from a new vantage point. The genome sequence projects of Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Drosophila melanogaster have allowed the identification of complete gene families that are involved in odorant sensing and signal regulation. Odorant receptor proteins, in particular, have been shown to be directly involved in olfactory transduction. The function of these receptors in various head appendages of the larval and adult mosquitoes has also raised new fundamental questions pertaining to the nature and mechanisms of olfaction in these insects. C1 [Bohbot, Jonathan D.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lu, Tan; Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Chem Biol, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Lu, Tan; Zwiebel, Laurence J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Global Hlth, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Bohbot, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Room 024,10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007 Barc West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jonathan.bohbot@ars.usda.gov; tan.lu@vanderbilt.edu; l.zwiebel@vanderbilt.edu NR 123 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0699 BN 978-90-8686-698-4; 978-90-8686-091-3 J9 ECOL CONT VECTOR-BOR PY 2010 VL 2 BP 17 EP 38 D2 10.3920/978-90-8686-698-4 PG 22 WC Entomology; Infectious Diseases SC Entomology; Infectious Diseases GA BHT23 UT WOS:000326607000003 ER PT S AU Logan, JG Cook, JI Mordue, AJ Kline, DL AF Logan, James G. Cook, James I. Mordue (Luntz), A. Jennifer Kline, Dan L. BE Takken, W Knols, BGJ TI Understanding and exploiting olfaction for the surveillance and control of Culicoides biting midges SO OLFACTION IN VECTOR-HOST INTERACTIONS SE Ecology and Control of Vector-Borne Diseases LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE biting midges; Ceratopogonidae; behaviour; olfaction ID AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS; BREVITARSIS KIEFFER DIPTERA; YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; VARIIPENNIS SONORENSIS DIPTERA; HUMAN SKIN EMANATIONS; HOST-ODOR ATTRACTANT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES AB Culicoides midges ( Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are found worldwide with the exception of only a few countries including New Zealand, Patagonia, the Hawaiian Isles and Antarctica. They are a nuisance pest to human beings, but transmit a number of diseases that mainly affect livestock. Like many haematophagous insects, midges have evolved highly developed and sensitive olfactory mechanisms which allow them to locate a potential mate or a suitable vertebrate host. This chapter provides a brief overview of the Culicoides midge lifecycle, its status as a vector of disease and offers an extensive review of Culicoides chemical ecology research, which has led to the identification of semiochemicals that could be exploited to control them. Host location processes can be influenced by many factors including midge physiology, host kairomones, the complex interactions of other volatile chemicals that confer differential attractiveness of hosts and also physical cues such as light levels and climatic conditions. These factors are considered in detail and future areas of work are discussed. C1 [Logan, James G.; Cook, James I.] Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Mordue (Luntz), A. Jennifer] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Kline, Dan L.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Logan, JG (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM james.logan@bbsrc.ac.uk; james-i.cook@bbsrc.ac.uk; a.j.mordue@abdn.ac.uk; dan.kline@ars.usda.gov NR 165 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0699 BN 978-90-8686-698-4; 978-90-8686-091-3 J9 ECOL CONT VECTOR-BOR PY 2010 VL 2 BP 217 EP 246 D2 10.3920/978-90-8686-698-4 PG 30 WC Entomology; Infectious Diseases SC Entomology; Infectious Diseases GA BHT23 UT WOS:000326607000011 ER PT S AU Allan, SA AF Allan, Sandra A. BE Takken, W Knols, BGJ TI Chemical ecology of tick-host interactions SO OLFACTION IN VECTOR-HOST INTERACTIONS SE Ecology and Control of Vector-Borne Diseases LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE host; tick; vector; control; surveillance; CO2; pheromone; ruminant; Amblyomma; Ixodes ID AGGREGATION-ATTACHMENT-PHEROMONE; AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM FABRICIUS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; TROPICAL BONT TICK; WHITE-TAILED DEER; LONE STAR TICK; STIMULATING OLFACTORY RECEPTORS; HALLERS ORGAN CAPSULE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ASSEMBLY PHEROMONE AB Ticks impact the health of livestock and humans world-wide through their roles as pests and vectors of diseases such as heartwater, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Lyme disease, erhlichiosis, tick-borne encephalitis and Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic fever. Intrinsic to their capacity to serve in these roles is the ability to locate vertebrate hosts. Olfactory cues are the primary method used for location of potential hosts and these include both emanations from hosts and pheromones produced by ticks feeding on the host. Through behavioural, chemical and electrophysiological methods, volatile compounds from host breath, ruminant digestion, skin and glandular substances, and other blood-feeding ticks have been identified and their role in the host-finding process elucidated. These volatile compounds can provide the basis for development of surveillance methods or be used in the development of push-pull strategies. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Allan, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM sandy.allan@ars.usda.gov NR 123 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WAGENINGEN ACAD PUBL PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0699 BN 978-90-8686-698-4; 978-90-8686-091-3 J9 ECOL CONT VECTOR-BOR PY 2010 VL 2 BP 327 EP 348 D2 10.3920/978-90-8686-698-4 PG 22 WC Entomology; Infectious Diseases SC Entomology; Infectious Diseases GA BHT23 UT WOS:000326607000016 ER PT J AU Cunha, SC Lehotay, SJ Mastovska, K Fernandes, JO Oliveira, MBPP AF Cunha, Sara C. Lehotay, Steven J. Mastovska, Katerina Fernandes, Jose O. Oliveira, M. Beatriz P. P. BE Preedy, VR Watson, RR TI Sample Preparation Approaches for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Olives and Olive Oils SO OLIVES AND OLIVE OIL IN HEALTH AND DISEASE PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRIC DETECTION; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIRESIDUE METHOD; GC-MS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; FOOD MATRICES; MICROEXTRACTION; DISPERSION C1 [Cunha, Sara C.; Fernandes, Jose O.; Oliveira, M. Beatriz P. P.] Univ Porto, REQUIMTE Serv Bromatol, Fac Farm, Oporto, Portugal. [Lehotay, Steven J.; Mastovska, Katerina] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Cunha, SC (reprint author), Univ Porto, REQUIMTE Serv Bromatol, Fac Farm, Oporto, Portugal. RI Oliveira, M. Beatriz/D-9025-2013; OI Oliveira, M. Beatriz/0000-0002-6767-6596; Cunha, Sara/0000-0003-4320-2318; Fernandes, Jose/0000-0002-8565-2942 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092220-1 PY 2010 BP 653 EP 666 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374420-3.00070-X PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BCR84 UT WOS:000311115400071 ER PT J AU Sawtelle, EH AF Sawtelle, Emily Hoag BA Zimmerman, JN Larson, OF BF Zimmerman, JN Larson, OF TI The Advantages of Farm Life: A Study by Correspondence and Interviews with Eight Thousand Farm Women: Digest of an Unpublished Manuscript (1924) SO OPENING WINDOWS ONTO HIDDEN LIVES: WOMEN, COUNTRY LIFE, AND EARLY RURAL SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH SE Rural Studies Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sawtelle, Emily Hoag] USDA, Bur Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV PRESS PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 215 WAGNER BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA BN 978-0-271-03728-8 J9 RURAL STUD SER PY 2010 BP 149 EP 185 PG 37 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA BHR15 UT WOS:000326446000013 ER PT B AU Sobolev, VS Gloer, JB Sy, AA AF Sobolev, Victor S. Gloer, James B. Sy, Arlene A. BE Grossman, DC Barrios, TL TI INFLUENCE OF LIGHT CONDITIONS ON BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY IN THE PEANUT PLANT: FLAVONOIDS AND SPERMIDINES FROM PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA) FLOWERS AND STUDIES OF THE PHOTOISOMERIZATION OF SPERMIDINE CONJUGATES SO ORGANIC FARMING AND PEANUT CROPS SE Agriculture Issues and Policies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE peanuts; Arachis hypogaea; groundnuts; p-coumaric acid; coumaroylspermidine; dicoumaroylacetylspermidine; tricoumaroylspermidine; quercetin glucoside; quercetin glucuronide; isorhamnetin glucoside; isorhamnetin glucuronide; photochemical isomerization; structure elucidation; NMR; HPLC-MS ID HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACID-AMIDES; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; STILBENE PHYTOALEXINS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; FLORAL DEVELOPMENT; QUERCUS-DENTATA; POLLEN AB Early history and significance of the peanut crop is discussed. Annual world production of peanuts at 30 million tons makes this crop one of the most important agricultural commodities. Unusual physiology, inflorescence, and infructescence of the peanut plant make it an attractive object for scientific research. Many physiological processes in the peanut plant, such as vegetative growth, nitrogen fixation, and fertilization are associated with light. Present research revealed high light-sensitivity of the spermidines from the peanut reproductive organ, keel. A new spermidine triamide derivative has been isolated from peanut flowers and identified as N(1)-acetyl-N(5), N(10)-di-p-(EE)-coumaroylspermidine on the basis of detailed analysis of NMR, MS, and UV data. Two other spermidine conjugates, N(1), N(5), N(10)-tri-p-(EEE)-coumaroylspermidine and di-p-(EE)-coumaroylspermidine, as well as four flavonoid conjugates (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucuronide, isorhamnetin-3-glucoside, and isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide) that have been previously reported in organs of other plants, have been found in this study in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a representative of the Leguminosae family, for the first time. The dynamics of photoisomerization in the spermidine conjugates have been investigated. These flavonoid and spermidine conjugates may play protective roles against pests. New spermidine conjugate may be involved in regulating the plant reproduction process. C1 [Sobolev, Victor S.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Gloer, James B.; Sy, Arlene A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. NR 123 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-187-6 J9 AGR ISSUES POLICIES PY 2010 BP 65 EP 102 PG 38 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BQP41 UT WOS:000281474100002 ER PT J AU Hayat, M Schroer, S Pemberton, RW AF Hayat, Mohammad Schroer, Sibylle Pemberton, Robert W. TI ON SOME ENCYRTIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA) ON LAC INSECTS (HEMIPTERA: KERRIIDAE) FROM INDONESIA, MALAYSIA AND THAILAND SO ORIENTAL INSECTS LA English DT Article DE Chalcid wasps; parasitoids; South East Asia; lac insects ID COCCOPHAGUS HYMENOPTERA; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; APHELINIDAE; HOMOPTERA; COCCOIDEA AB Three new species of Encyrtidae collected on lac insects from South East Asia are described. These are Ooencyrtus thaiensis, sp. nov., O. paratachardinae, sp. nov. and Tachardiaephagus sarawakensis, sp. nov. Also T. somervillei (Mandihassan) is regarded as valid species, distinct from T. tachardiae, and material reported from Thailand and Malaysia. Two indetermined species, one each of Cerapteroceroides and Cheiloneurus recorded, but not described. C1 [Hayat, Mohammad] Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Zool, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Schroer, Sibylle] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [Pemberton, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Davie, FL 33314 USA. RP Hayat, M (reprint author), Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Zool, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM mohd_hayat@rediffmail.com FU South Florida Water Management District; USDA-APHIS; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi; Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi FX We thank Dr. Amporn Winotai (Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand), Megir Gumbek (Tarat Agricultural Station, Kuching, Malaysia), Dr. H. Liu (University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA), P. Thrung and E. Yutaka (Jakarta, Indonesia) for field work. Further we acknowledge the financial support by the South Florida Water Management District and the USDA-APHIS. The first author is thankful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, and Dr. V.V. Ramamurthy (Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi), the National Coordinator of the Network Project on Insect Biosystematics for financial assistance. He is also thankful to Dr. J.S. Noyes, the Natural History Museum, London, for his comments as given herein. The authorities of the Aligarh Muslim University and the Chairman of the Department of Zoology, AMU are thanked for the facilities. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS PI GAINESVILLE PA PO BOX 358102, GAINESVILLE, FL 32635-8102 USA SN 0030-5316 J9 ORIENT INSECTS JI Orient. Insects PY 2010 VL 44 BP 23 EP 33 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 687AH UT WOS:000284745200004 ER PT J AU Beltran, JW Wunderle, JM Arendt, WJ AF Beltran S, Jose William Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Arendt, Wayne J. TI CHANGES IN HOME RANGE OF BREEDING AND POST-BREEDING MALE PEARLY-EYED THRASHERS IN THE LUQUILLO MOUNTAINS OF PUERTO RICO SO ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Home range; breeding period; post-breeding period; fruit abundance; rain forest; reproductive stages; Pearly-eyed Thrasher; Margarops fuscatus ID PHILORNIS ECTOPARASITISM; HABITAT SELECTION; TERRITORY SIZE; DENSITY; HUMMINGBIRDS; BEHAVIOR; AVES AB Food abundance, time of year, and stage of the reproductive cycle are important factors affecting home range size in birds. Between 23 January and 28 November 2003, we determined the home range and core area sizes for 10 radio-tagged male Pearly-eyed Thrashers (Margarops fuscatus; Mimidae) within the Luquillo Experimental Forest, northeastern Puerto Rico. We found significant differences among the breeding stages in home range and core area sizes. Egg and nestling stages showed the largest and smallest home range sizes (medians = 2.0 and 0.5 ha, respectively) and core area sizes (median = 0.14 and 0.09 ha, respectively). The reduced area used by the male during the nestling stage may be attributable to a shift in the male's wandering behavior while the female incubates to the defense and feeding of nestlings. Home range sizes were significantly larger during the post-breeding period (median = 17.9 ha, range = 0.5-178.7 ha) than during the breeding period (median = 2.1 ha, range = 1.3-7.7 ha). We suggest that the increase in home range size during post-breeding season was a response to the abundance of palm fruits (Prestoea acuminata) which decreased during the breeding season. Although we found a positive correlation between number of nests with eggs and palm fruit abundance, there was no significant correlation between breeding period home range size and ripe fruit density or core area size and ripe fruit density. Lack of correlation between the area used and fruit density may be due to the omnivorous and opportunistic diet of the thrasher. Accepted 5 August 2010. C1 [Beltran S, Jose William] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.; Arendt, Wayne J.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Beltran, JW (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras Campus,POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM williambeltran2005@gmail.com FU University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras campus; International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service FX We thank T. Giray, J. Thomlinson, and C. Restrepo for valuable suggestions during this study. We are grateful to J. Mercado, M. Ford, E. Valcarcel, R. Dones, J. Jardon, and E. Fernandez for providing invaluable field assistance. Robert Curry, Tugrul Giray, and an anonymous reviewer provided helpful suggestions for the manuscript. Funding and logistics support were provided by the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras campus and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service. This work was conducted in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU NEOTROPICAL ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC, USGS PATUXENT WILDLIFE RESEARCH CTR PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, WARNELL SCH FOREST RESOURCES, ATHENS, GA 30602-2152 USA SN 1075-4377 J9 ORNITOL NEOTROP JI ORNITOL. NEOTROP. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 BP 409 EP 423 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 662JV UT WOS:000282804500009 ER PT J AU Ettinger, B Black, DM Dawson-Hughes, B Pressman, AR Melton, LJ AF Ettinger, B. Black, D. M. Dawson-Hughes, B. Pressman, A. R. Melton, L. J., III TI Updated fracture incidence rates for the US version of FRAXA (R) SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Fracture; FRAX (R); Risk assessment ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; VERTEBRAL FRACTURES; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; PREVENT FRACTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN-D; HIP; CALCIUM AB On the basis of updated fracture and mortality data, we recommend that the base population values used in the US version of FRAXA (R) be revised. The impact of suggested changes is likely to be a lowering of 10-year fracture probabilities. Evaluation of results produced by the US version of FRAXA (R) indicates that this tool overestimates the likelihood of major osteoporotic fracture. In an attempt to correct this, we updated underlying fracture and mortality rates for the model. We used US hospital discharge data from 2006 to calculate annual age- and sex-specific hip fracture rates and age-specific ratios to estimate clinical vertebral fracture rates. To estimate the incidence of any one of four major osteoporotic fractures, we first summed these newly derived hip and vertebral fracture estimates with Olmsted County, MN, wrist and upper humerus fracture rates, and then applied 10-20% discounts for overlap. Compared with rates used in the current FRAXA (R) tool, 2006 hip fracture rates are about 16% lower, with greatest reductions observed among those below age 65 years; major osteoporotic fracture rates are about one quarter lower, with similar reductions across all ages. We recommend revising the US-FRAX by updating current base population values for hip fracture and major osteoporotic fracture. The impact of these revisions on FRAXA (R) is likely to be lowering of 10-year fracture probabilities, but more precise estimates of the impact of these changes will be available after these new rates are incorporated into the FRAXA (R) tool. C1 [Ettinger, B.; Pressman, A. R.] Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. [Black, D. M.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Melton, L. J., III] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Epidemiol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Ettinger, B (reprint author), 156 Lombard St 13, San Francisco, CA 94111 USA. EM doc.ettinger@gmail.com FU Marcled Foundation, San Francisco; Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA; National Institutes of Health [AG04875]; US Public Health Service FX The authors would like to thank Lisa Palermo and Lily Lui for statistical and analytic effort, Meghan Donaldson and Thuy Le for providing SOF fracture analyses, William Leslie, John Kanis and Eugene McCloskey for helpful advice, and Mary Roberts for help in preparing the manuscript. Dr. Black's work on this project was supported by a grant from the Marcled Foundation, San Francisco. This work was supported by Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA, as well as research grant AG04875 from the National Institutes of Health, US Public Health Service. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s00198-009-1032-9 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 527LB UT WOS:000272367500003 PM 19705048 ER PT J AU Kanis, JA Johansson, H Oden, A Dawson-Hughes, B Melton, LJ McCloskey, EV AF Kanis, J. A. Johansson, H. Oden, A. Dawson-Hughes, B. Melton, L. J., III McCloskey, E. V. TI The effects of a FRAX(A (R)) revision for the USA SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Clinical risk factors; Fracture probability; FRAX (R); Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic fracture; US ID HIP FRACTURE INCIDENCE; INTERVENTION THRESHOLDS; OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; MEN; UK; BURDEN; TRENDS AB A revision (version 3.0) of the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX(A (R))) is developed based on an update of epidemiological information for the USA. With the revised tool, there were strong correlations (r > 0.99) between versions 2.0 and 3.0 for FRAX(A (R)) estimates of fracture probability, but the revised models gave lower probability estimates. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a revision of the epidemiological data used to compute fracture probabilities in the USA with FRAX(A (R)). Models were constructed to compute fracture probabilities based on updated fracture incidence and mortality rates in the USA. The models comprised the ten-year probability of hip fracture and the ten-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture, both including femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). For each model, fracture and death hazards were computed as continuous functions. The effect of the revised rates on fracture probability was examined by piecewise linear regression using multiple combinations of clinical risk factors and BMD. At all ages, there was a strong correlation (r > 0.99) between version 2.0 and revised FRAX(A (R)) estimates of fracture probability. For a major osteoporotic fracture, the revised model gave lower median probabilities by 13% to 24% in men, depending on age, and by 19% to 24% in women. For hip fracture probability, the revised model gave lower median fracture probabilities by 40% and 27% at the ages of 50 and 60 years in men and by 43% and 30%, respectively, in women. At the ages of 70 years and older the revised model gave similar hip fracture probabilities as version 2.0 in both men and women. The revised FRAX(A (R)) model for the USA (version 3.0) does not alter the ranking of fracture probabilities but provides lower probability estimates than version 2.0, particularly, in younger women and men. C1 [Kanis, J. A.; Johansson, H.; Oden, A.; McCloskey, E. V.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Melton, L. J., III] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Epidemiol, Rochester, MA USA. RP Kanis, JA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Beech Hill Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. EM w.j.pontefract@shef.ac.uk RI McCloskey, Eugene/D-1065-2011 FU International Osteoporosis Foundation FX We are grateful to the International Osteoporosis Foundation for their support of the work. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s00198-009-1033-8 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 527LB UT WOS:000272367500004 PM 19705047 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Looker, AC Tosteson, ANA Johansson, H Kanis, JA Melton, LJ AF Dawson-Hughes, B. Looker, A. C. Tosteson, A. N. A. Johansson, H. Kanis, J. A. Melton, L. J., III TI The potential impact of new National Osteoporosis Foundation guidance on treatment patterns SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician's Guide; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis risk factors; Prevalence; Treatment eligibility +/- population-based study ID UNITED-STATES; HIP FRACTURE; TRENDS; PREVALENCE; WOMEN; OLDER; MEN; POPULATION; ARTHRITIS; ADULTS AB This analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III data describes the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis and the proportions of men and postmenopausal women age 50 years and older who are candidates for treatment to lower fracture risk, according to the new FRAXA (R)-based National Osteoporosis Foundation Clinician's Guide. Little information is available on prevalence of osteoporosis risk factors or proportions of US men and women who are potential candidates for treatment. The prevalence of risk factors used in the new National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) FRAXA (R)-based Guide to the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis was estimated using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Risk factors not measured in NHANES III were simulated using World Health Organization cohorts. The proportion of US men and postmenopausal women age 50+ years who are treatment candidates by the new NOF Guide were calculated; for non-Hispanic white (NHW) women, the proportion eligible by the new NOF Guide was compared with that based on an earlier NOF Guide. Twenty percent of men and 37% of women were potential candidates for treatment to prevent fractures by the new NOF Guide. Among NHW women, 53% were potential candidates by the previous NOF Guide compared with 41% by the new guide. One fifth of men and 37% of postmenopausal women are eligible for osteoporosis treatment consideration by the new NOF Guide. However, fewer NHW women are eligible by the new guide than by the previous NOF Guide. C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Looker, A. C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. [Tosteson, A. N. A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Multidisciplinary Clin Res Ctr Musculoskeletal Di, Lebanon, NH USA. [Tosteson, A. N. A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dartmouth Inst Hlth Policy & Clin Practice, Lebanon, NH USA. [Johansson, H.; Kanis, J. A.] Univ Sheffield, Sch Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. [Melton, L. J., III] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Div Epidemiol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM bess.dawson-hughes@tufts.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA023108]; NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG012262] NR 32 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI ARTINGTON PA ASHBOURNE HOUSE, THE GUILDWAY, OLD PORTSMOUTH ROAD, ARTINGTON GU3 1LP, GUILDFORD, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00198-009-1034-7 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 527LB UT WOS:000272367500005 PM 19705046 ER PT J AU Shwiff, SA Gebhardt, K Kirkpatrick, KN Shwiff, SS AF Shwiff, Stephanie A. Gebhardt, Karen Kirkpatrick, Katy N. Shwiff, Steven S. TI Potential Economic Damage from Introduction of Brown Tree Snakes, Boiga irregularis (Reptilia: Colubridae), to the Islands of Hawai'i' SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GUAM; BITES AB The Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis) has caused ecological and economic damage to Guam, and the snake has the potential to colonize other islands in the Pacific Ocean. This study quantifies the potential economic damage if the snake were translocated, established in the state of Hawai'i, and causing damage at levels similar to those on Guam. Damages modeled Included Costs of medical treatments clue to snakebites, snake-caused power outages, and decreased tourism resulting from effects of the snake. Damage caused by presence of die Brown Tree Snake on Guam was used as a guide to estimate potential economic damage to Hawai'i from both medical and power outage-related damage. To predict tourism Impact, a survey was administered to Hawaiian tourists that identified tourist responses to potential effects of the Brown Tree Snake. These results were then used in an input-output model to predict damage to the state economy. Summing these damages resulted in all estimated total potential annual damage to Hawai'i of between $593 and $2.14 billion. This economic analysis provides a range of potential damages that policy makers Call use in evaluation of future prevention and control programs. C1 [Shwiff, Stephanie A.; Gebhardt, Karen; Kirkpatrick, Katy N.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA APHIS WS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Shwiff, Steven S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Accounting Econ & Finance, Commerce, TX 75428 USA. RP Shwiff, SA (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA APHIS WS, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Stephanie.A.Shwiff@aphis.usda.gov NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 25 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.2984/64.1.001 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 543ME UT WOS:000273581200001 ER PT J AU Su, C Shwab, EK Zhou, P Zhu, XQ Dubey, JP AF Su, C. Shwab, E. K. Zhou, P. Zhu, X. Q. Dubey, J. P. TI Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Toxoplasma gondii; genetic characterization; molecular detection and identification ID REAL-TIME PCR; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSFER HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; FREE-RANGE CHICKENS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS AB The development of simple, sensitive and rapid methods for the detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii is important for the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of the zoonotic disease toxoplasmosis. In the past 2 decades, molecular methods based on a variety of genetic markers have been developed, each with its advantages and limitations. The application of these methods has generated invaluable information to enhance Our understanding of the epidemiology, population genetics and phylogeny of T. gondii. However, since most studies focused solely on the detection but not genetic characterization of T. gondii, the information obtained was limited. In this review, we discuss some widely used molecular methods and propose an integrated approach for the detection and identification of T. gondii, in order to generate maximum information for epidemiological, population and phylogenetic studies of this key pathogen. C1 [Su, C.; Shwab, E. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. [Zhou, P.; Zhu, X. Q.] S China Agr Univ, Parasitol Lab, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Dubey, J. P.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Su, C (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. EM csu1@utk.edu RI Su, Chunlei/M-1892-2013 OI Su, Chunlei/0000-0001-8392-7108 FU Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Knoxville; Chinese National Special Research Program for Non-Profit Trades [200803017]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University -China [IRT0723] FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Knoxville (CS, Startup grant); the Chinese National Special Research Program for Non-Profit Trades (XQZ, Grant No. 200803017); and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University -China (XQZ, Grant No. IRT0723). NR 68 TC 180 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 137 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1017/S0031182009991065 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 552QA UT WOS:000274307100001 PM 19765337 ER PT J AU Sudova, E Straus, DL Wienke, A Meinelt, T AF Sudova, Eliska Straus, David L. Wienke, Andreas Meinelt, Thomas TI Evaluation of continuous 4-day exposure to peracetic acid as a treatment for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WATER; TOXICITY; PAA AB The parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. The most effective treatment, malachite green, has been banned in Europe and North America for use in food fish production. Peracetic acid (PAA) was found to be toxic to I. multifiliis theronts at low concentrations. I. multifiliis-infested carp were exposed to 1 mg/l PAA in a dynamic exposure by means of peristaltic pumps. Five days after infestation, gills, tail fins, and skin below the dorsal fin were observed microscopically for I. multifiliis abundance. After PAA exposure, PAA-treated fish showed lower infestation of I. multifiliis in all investigated tissues than the unexposed control fish. The infestation increased in the control group whereas the infestation in the PAA-exposed groups significantly decreased (p = 0.0083, Bonferroni correction). The fish in the two exposure groups showed a slight reinfestation with I. multifiliis. This might be caused by a peroxide degradation (hydrolysis) and/or reduction of the delivered PAA concentration. Thus, PAA concentrations were possibly too low to be effective on the released trophonts and/or the infective theronts. This hypothesis is corroborated by the fact that the I. multifiliis in the gills, skin, and fins of the PAA-exposed carp were in an early developmental stage. C1 [Sudova, Eliska] Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Res Inst Fish Culture & Hydrobiol, Fac Fisheries Protect Water, Vodnany 38925, Czech Republic. [Straus, David L.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Wienke, Andreas] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Fac Med, Inst Med Epidemiol Biostat & Informat, D-06097 Halle, Germany. [Meinelt, Thomas] Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. RP Sudova, E (reprint author), Univ S Bohemia Ceske Budejovice, Res Inst Fish Culture & Hydrobiol, Fac Fisheries Protect Water, Zatisi 728-2, Vodnany 38925, Czech Republic. EM sudova@vurh.jcu.cz RI Zuskova, Eliska/G-6725-2015 FU Schreiner Foundation, Greppin, Germany; Czech Research Project [6007665809]; Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic [QH 71305] FX We would like to thank the Schreiner Foundation, Greppin, Germany, Czech Research Project (MSM no. 6007665809), and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic project (QH 71305) for funding this study. We thank Prof. Svobodova, Mr. Bradley Farmer, and Dr. Bart Green for providing critical reviews of the manuscript. Studies were conducted in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines concerning the use of animals in research. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 106 IS 2 BP 539 EP 542 DI 10.1007/s00436-009-1666-8 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 536HH UT WOS:000273035000031 PM 19902253 ER PT J AU Paustian, ML Bannantine, JP Kapur, V AF Paustian, Michael L. Bannantine, John P. Kapur, Vivek BE Behr, MA Collins, DM TI Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis Genome SO PARATUBERCULOSIS: ORGANISM, DISEASE, CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAMMALIAN-CELL ENTRY; MCE OPERONS; SEQUENCE POLYMORPHISMS; TUBERCULOSIS; GENE; STRAINS; IMMUNOGENICITY; HYBRIDIZATIONS; EXPRESSION; VIRULENCE C1 [Paustian, Michael L.; Bannantine, John P.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. RP Paustian, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM mike.paustian@gmail.com; john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-613-6 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1079/9781845936136.0073 D2 10.1079/9781845936136.0000 PG 10 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BWC45 UT WOS:000293443500009 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Paustian, ML Kapur, V Eda, S AF Bannantine, John P. Paustian, Michael L. Kapur, Vivek Eda, Shigetoshi BE Behr, MA Collins, DM TI Proteome and Antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis SO PARATUBERCULOSIS: ORGANISM, DISEASE, CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; FIBRONECTIN ATTACHMENT PROTEIN; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BOVINE EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INTERFERON-GAMMA ASSAY; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; JOHNES-DISEASE; SKIN-TEST; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; SECRETED ANTIGENS C1 [Bannantine, John P.; Paustian, Michael L.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Kapur, Vivek] Penn State Univ, State Coll, PA USA. [Eda, Shigetoshi] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM john.bannantine@ars.usda.gov; mike.paustian@gmail.com RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 89 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-613-6 PY 2010 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1079/9781845936136.0094 D2 10.1079/9781845936136.0000 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BWC45 UT WOS:000293443500011 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR AF Stabel, Judith R. BE Behr, MA Collins, DM TI Immunology of Paratuberculosis Infection and Disease SO PARATUBERCULOSIS: ORGANISM, DISEASE, CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; REGULATORY T-CELLS; MONOCYTE-DERIVED MACROPHAGES; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; SMALL-INTESTINAL MUCOSA; MESENTERIC LYMPH-NODES C1 USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ames, IA USA. EM judy.stabel@ars.usda.gov NR 99 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-613-6 PY 2010 BP 230 EP 243 DI 10.1079/9781845936136.0230 D2 10.1079/9781845936136.0000 PG 14 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BWC45 UT WOS:000293443500022 ER PT B AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Musgrove, MT AF Cox, Nelson A. Richardson, L. Jason Musgrove, Michael T. BE Juneja, VK Sofos, JN TI Campylobacter jejuni and Other Campylobacters SO PATHOGENS AND TOXINS IN FOODS: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BROILER BREEDER HENS; CHAIN-REACTION ASSAY; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS; COMMERCIAL BROILERS; SALMONELLA SEROVARS; POULTRY CARCASSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RETAIL CHICKEN; TYPING SYSTEM C1 [Cox, Nelson A.; Richardson, L. Jason] ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Musgrove, Michael T.] Russell Res Ctr, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-459-5 PY 2010 BP 20 EP 30 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BLX01 UT WOS:000271246200002 ER PT B AU Juneja, VK Novak, JS Labbe, RJ AF Juneja, Vijay K. Novak, John S. Labbe, Ronald J. BE Juneja, VK Sofos, JN TI Clostridium perfringens SO PATHOGENS AND TOXINS IN FOODS: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COOKED GROUND-BEEF; CONSTANTLY RISING TEMPERATURES; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; FOODBORNE DISEASE OUTBREAKS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SUBLETHAL HEAT-SHOCK; SODIUM-NITRITE; UNITED-STATES; ROAST BEEF; PREDICTIVE MODEL C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Novak, John S.] Amer Air Liquide, Delaware Res & Technol Ctr, Newark, DE 19702 USA. [Labbe, Ronald J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 154 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-459-5 PY 2010 BP 53 EP 70 PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BLX01 UT WOS:000271246200004 ER PT B AU Porto-Fett, ACS Call, JE Muriana, PM Freier, TA Luchansky, JB AF Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Call, Jeffrey E. Muriana, Peter M. Freier, Timothy A. Luchansky, John B. BE Juneja, VK Sofos, JN TI Listeria monocytogenes SO PATHOGENS AND TOXINS IN FOODS: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TO-EAT MEATS; ACID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; FOOD-BORNE PATHOGEN; LIQUID SMOKE; POSTPACKAGE PASTEURIZATION; WATER ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-ACIDS; MODEL BROTH; LOW PH; FRANKFURTERS C1 [Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Call, Jeffrey E.; Luchansky, John B.] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Muriana, Peter M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci Food & Agr Prod Res, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Freier, Timothy A.] Cargill Inc, Corp Food Safety & Regulatory Affairs, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. [Muriana, Peter M.] Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Technol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Porto-Fett, ACS (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 84 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-459-5 PY 2010 BP 95 EP 107 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BLX01 UT WOS:000271246200006 ER PT B AU Bailey, S Richardson, LJ Cox, NA Cosby, DE AF Bailey, Stan Richardson, L. Jason Cox, Nelson A. Cosby, Douglas E. BE Juneja, VK Sofos, JN TI Salmonella SO PATHOGENS AND TOXINS IN FOODS: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMMERCIAL BROILER HATCHERIES; FOODBORNE SALMONELLA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; FEED WITHDRAWAL; LAYING HENS; ENTERITIDIS; CONTAMINATION; PATHOGENS C1 [Bailey, Stan] Biomerieux Inc, Hazelwood, MI USA. [Richardson, L. Jason; Cox, Nelson A.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Cosby, Douglas E.] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistant Res, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Bailey, S (reprint author), Biomerieux Inc, Hazelwood, MI USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-459-5 PY 2010 BP 108 EP 118 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BLX01 UT WOS:000271246200007 ER PT B AU Hill, DE Dubey, JP AF Hill, Dolores E. Dubey, J. P. BE Juneja, VK Sofos, JN TI Food-Borne Parasites SO PATHOGENS AND TOXINS IN FOODS: CHALLENGES AND INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; CAPILLARIA-PHILIPPINENSIS; EOSINOPHILIC MENINGITIS; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-CYCLE; INTESTINAL CAPILLARIASIS; TRICHINELLA INFECTION; GENUS TRICHINELLA; DOMESTIC PIGS C1 [Hill, Dolores E.; Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hill, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1044,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-459-5 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 217 PG 23 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BLX01 UT WOS:000271246200013 ER PT S AU Tchebakova, NM Rehfeldt, GE Parfenova, EI AF Tchebakova, N. M. Rehfeldt, G. E. Parfenova, E. I. BE Osawa, A Zyryanova, OA Matsuura, Y Kajimoto, T Wein, RW TI From Vegetation Zones to Climatypes: Effects of Climate Warming on Siberian Ecosystems SO PERMAFROST ECOSYSTEMS: SIBERIAN LARCH FORESTS SE Ecological Studies-Analysis and Synthesis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHANGING CLIMATE; PLANT MIGRATION; PINUS-CONTORTA; RESPONSES; PARAMETERS; SIMULATION; MODEL; TREE C1 [Tchebakova, N. M.; Parfenova, E. I.] Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. [Rehfeldt, G. E.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Tchebakova, NM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, VN Sukachev Inst Forest, Siberian Branch, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0070-8356 BN 978-1-4020-9692-1 J9 ECOL STUD-ANAL SYNTH JI Ecol. Stud. PY 2010 VL 209 BP 427 EP 446 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9693-8_22 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-9693-8 PG 20 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BNM42 UT WOS:000274950800022 ER PT S AU Spence, JT AF Spence, Joseph T. BE Simopoulous, AP Milner, JA TI Nutrigenomics and Agriculture: A Perspective SO PERSONALIZED NUTRITION: TRANSLATING NUTRIGENETIC/NUTRIGENOMIC RESEARCH INTO DIETARY GUIDELINES SE World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CATTLE; PREDICTION C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Spence, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 003,Room 238,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joseph.spence@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0084-2230 BN 978-3-8055-9427-1 J9 WORLD REV NUTR DIET JI World Rev.Nutr.Diet. PY 2010 VL 101 BP 154 EP 159 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA BOY58 UT WOS:000278067400015 PM 20436261 ER PT J AU Huang, L Wang, CZ Hao, SG Kramer, MJ Ho, KM AF Huang, Li Wang, C. Z. Hao, S. G. Kramer, M. J. Ho, K. M. TI Atomic size and chemical effects on the local order of Zr2M (M=Co, Ni, Cu, and Ag) binary liquids SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BOND-ORIENTATIONAL ORDER; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; METALLIC GLASSES; ALLOYS; PACKING; CLUSTERS AB First-principles molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the atomic size and chemical effects on the short-range order (SRO) in superheated and undercooled Zr-based metallic liquids, Zr2M (M=Co, Ni, Cu, and Ag). We demonstrate that the local atomic structures in liquids are quite sensitive to the atomic size ratio and the electronic interactions between component elements. The large negative heats of mixing for Zr-M do not favor icosahedral SRO in these binary liquids, contrary to the common belief. Full icosahedral structure units are few in the superheated liquids, although the number of icosahedral clusters increases upon undercooling. Comparing Zr2Co, Zr2Ni, and Zr2Cu, all of which have very similar atomic size ratios, we find that the degree of local icosahedral order increases with decreasing interaction strength between the d electrons in Zr-Co, Zr-Ni, and Zr-Cu. A comparison of Zr2Cu and Zr2Ag alloys shows that the degree of icosahedral order increases much more in Zr2Ag than in Zr2Cu with decreasing temperature. The difference in atomic sizes of Cu and Ag may account for the subtle discrepancy in the evolution of short-range ordering in undercooled Zr2Cu and Zr2Ag liquids. C1 [Huang, Li; Wang, C. Z.; Hao, S. G.; Kramer, M. J.; Ho, K. M.] USDA, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, C. Z.; Ho, K. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), USDA, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Hao, Shaogang/E-3527-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences; National Energy Research Super-computing Center (NERSC) in Berkeley [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX Work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, including a grant of computer time at the National Energy Research Super-computing Center (NERSC) in Berkeley, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2010 VL 81 IS 1 AR 014108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.014108 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 548WZ UT WOS:000274001800027 ER PT B AU Bradow, JM Bauer, PJ AF Bradow, Judith M. Bauer, Philip J. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI GERMINATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bradow, Judith M.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Bauer, Philip J.] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Conservat Res C, Florence, SC 29502 USA. RP Bradow, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900005 ER PT B AU Baker, DN Baker, JT AF Baker, Donald N. Baker, Jeffery T. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI COTTON SOURCE/SINK RELATIONSHIPS SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Baker, Donald N.] Baker Consulting, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Baker, Jeffery T.] ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, DN (reprint author), Baker Consulting, 1230 Morningside Dr, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 80 EP 96 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_8 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900008 ER PT B AU Kloth, RH Turley, RB AF Kloth, Reiner H. Turley, Rickie B. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI PHYSIOLOGY OF SEED AND FIBER DEVELOPMENT SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Kloth, Reiner H.; Turley, Rickie B.] ARS, USDA, Cotton Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kloth, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Physiol & Genet Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_11 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900011 ER PT B AU Burke, JJ Wanjura, DF AF Burke, John J. Wanjura, Donald F. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI PLANT RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE EXTREMES SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Burke, John J.; Wanjura, Donald F.] USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Burke, JJ (reprint author), USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 123 EP 128 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_12 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900012 ER PT B AU Temple, PJ Grantz, DA AF Temple, Patrick J. Grantz, David A. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI AIR POLLUTION STRESS SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Temple, Patrick J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. [Grantz, David A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Grantz, David A.] Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. RP Temple, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_15 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900015 ER PT B AU Bell, AA Howell, CR Stipanovic, RD AF Bell, A. A. Howell, C. R. Stipanovic, R. D. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI COTTON HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bell, A. A.; Howell, C. R.; Stipanovic, R. D.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Bell, AA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 187 EP 205 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_18 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900018 ER PT B AU Bradow, JM Davidonis, GH AF Bradow, Judith M. Davidonis, Gayle H. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON FIBER QUALITY SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bradow, Judith M.; Davidonis, Gayle H.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Bradow, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 229 EP 245 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_21 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 17 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900021 ER PT B AU Turley, RB Chapman, KD AF Turley, Rickie B. Chapman, Kent D. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI ONTOGENY OF COTTON SEEDS: GAMETOGENESIS, EMBRYOGENESIS, GERMINATION, AND SEEDLING GROWTH SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Turley, Rickie B.] USDA ARS, Cotton Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Chapman, Kent D.] Univ N Texas, Dept Biol Sci, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Turley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Physiol & Genet Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 332 EP 341 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_29 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900029 ER PT B AU Stipanovic, RD Williams, HJ Bell, AA AF Stipanovic, Robert D. Williams, Howard J. Bell, Alois A. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI SECONDARY PRODUCTS SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Stipanovic, Robert D.; Bell, Alois A.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Williams, Howard J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Williams, Howard J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 342 EP 352 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_30 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900030 ER PT B AU Hendrix, DL AF Hendrix, Donald L. BE Stewart, JM Oosterhuis, D Heitholt, JJ Mauney, J TI NEUTRAL NONSTRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATES SO PHYSIOLOGY OF COTTON LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hendrix, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-3194-5 PY 2010 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_31 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BMT88 UT WOS:000273559900031 ER PT J AU Violante-Mota, F Tellechea, E Moran, JF Sarath, G Arredondo-Peter, R AF Violante-Mota, Fernando Tellechea, Edurne Moran, Jose F. Sarath, Gautam Arredondo-Peter, Raul TI Analysis of peroxidase activity of rice (Oryza sativa) recombinant hemoglobin 1: Implications for in vivo function of hexacoordinate non-symbiotic hemoglobins in plants SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rice; Oryza sativa; Gramineae; Function; Hemoglobin; Hydrogen peroxide; Non-symbiotic; Peroxidase; Plants ID HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; STRESS; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; GENES; CELLS AB In plants, it has been proposed that hexacoordinate (class 1) non-symbiotic Hbs (nsHb-1) function in vivo as peroxidases. However, little is known about peroxidase activity of nsHb-1. We evaluated the peroxidase activity of rice recombinant Hb1 (a nsHb-1) by using the guaiacol/H2O2 system at pH 6.0 and compared it to that from horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Results showed that the affinity of rice Hb1 for H2O2 was 86-times lower than that of HRP (K-m = 23.3 and 0.27 mM, respectively) and that the catalytic efficiency of rice Hb1 for the oxidation of guaiacol using H2O2 as electron donor was 2838-times lower than that of HRP (k(cat)/K-m = 15.8 and 44 833 mM(-1) min(-1), respectively). Also, results from this work showed that rice Hb1 is not chemically modified and binds CO after incubation with high H2O2. concentration, and that it poorly protects recombinant Escherichia coli from H2O2 stress. These observations indicate that rice Hb1 inefficiently scavenges H2O2 as compared to a typical plant peroxidase, thus indicating that non-symbiotic Hbs are unlikely to function as peroxidases in planta. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Violante-Mota, Fernando; Arredondo-Peter, Raul] Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Ciencias, Lab Biofis & Biol Mol, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. [Tellechea, Edurne] FideNa PrincipiaTech Navarra, Navarra 31006, Spain. [Tellechea, Edurne; Moran, Jose F.] Univ Publ Navarra, CSIC Gobierno Navarra, Inst Agrobiotecnol, Navarra 31006, Spain. [Sarath, Gautam] UNL, USDA ARS, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Arredondo-Peter, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, Fac Ciencias, Lab Biofis & Biol Mol, Av Univ 1001,Col Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. EM ra@uaem.mx RI Moran, Jose Fernando/E-5695-2010; OI Moran, Jose Fernando/0000-0001-6621-6961; Arredondo-Peter, Raul/0000-0002-1410-3874 FU SEP-PROMEP [UAEMor-PTC-01-01/PTC23]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CoNaCyT), Mexico [42873Q, IdAP 9891]; DGI-MICINN, Spain [AGL 2007-64432/AGR]; PROMEP FX The authors wish to express their gratitude to Drs. Cyril Apple-by and William Fuchsman for comments helpful to improve the contents of this paper, and to Dr. Guillermo Mendoza (Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico) for partial sequencing of the contaminating protein. This work was financed by SEP-PROMEP (grant number UAEMor-PTC-01-01/PTC23) and Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CoNaCyT grant number 42873Q), Mexico, to R.A.-P., and by DGI-MICINN, Spain (grant AGL 2007-64432/AGR) to J. F. M. F. V.-M. was a recipient of an undergraduate fellowship from PROMEP and CoNaCyT (IdAP 9891). NR 43 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JAN PY 2010 VL 71 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.016 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 553NM UT WOS:000274374100003 PM 19833360 ER PT J AU Bushnell, WR Perkins-Veazie, P Russo, VM Collins, J Seeland, TM AF Bushnell, W. R. Perkins-Veazie, P. Russo, V. M. Collins, J. Seeland, T. M. TI Effects of Deoxynivalenol on Content of Chloroplast Pigments in Barley Leaf Tissues SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichothecene toxin ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FUSARIUM MYCOTOXIN DEOXYNIVALENOL; INDUCED GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS; IN-VITRO; TRACHEARY ELEMENTS; WHEAT TISSUE; GRAMINEARUM AB To understand further the role of deoxynivalenol (DON) in development of Fusarium head blight (FHB), we investigated effects of the toxin on uninfected barley tissues. Leaf segments, 1 to 1.2 cm long, partially stripped of epidermis were floated with exposed mesophyll in contact with DON solutions. In initial experiments with the leaf segments incubated in light, DON at 30 to 90 ppm turned portions of stripped tissues white after 48 to 96 h. The bleaching effect was greatly enhanced by addition of 1 to 10 mM Ca(2+), so that DON at 10 to 30 ppm turned virtually all stripped tissues white within 48 h. Content of chlorophylls a and b and of total carotenoid pigment was reduced. Loss of electrolytes and uptake of Evans blue indicated that DON had a toxic effect, damaging plasmalemmas in treated tissues before chloroplasts began to lose pigment. When incubated in the dark, leaf segments also lost electrolytes, indicating DON was toxic although the tissues remained green. Thus, loss of chlorophyll in light was due to photobleaching and was a secondary effect of DON, not required for toxicity. In contrast to bleaching effects, some DON treatments that were not toxic kept tissues green without bleaching or other signs of injury, indicating senescence was delayed compared with slow yellowing of untreated leaf segments. Cycloheximide, which like DON, inhibits protein synthesis, also bleached some tissues and delayed senescence of others. Thus, the effects of DON probably relate to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis. With respect to FHB, the results suggest DON may have multiple roles in host cells of infected head tissues, including delayed senescence in early stages of infection and contributing to bleaching and death of cells in later stages. C1 [Bushnell, W. R.] ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Perkins-Veazie, P.; Russo, V. M.; Collins, J.] ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Lane, OK USA. [Seeland, T. M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bushnell, WR (reprint author), ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM billb@umn.edu FU Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative of the Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture FX This material is based upon work supported by the Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Minnesota and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that also may be suitable. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Minnesota. We thank Y. Dong and W. Xie for analysis of DON content in leaf samples; L. Lendway of the Statistical Clinic, University of Minnesota, and C. Brown who assisted in statistical analysis of data; J. Morrison for excellent graphics; A. Bushnell for word processing; Y. Dong, K. Evans, J. Kolmer, K. Leonard, and S. Lewandowski for kindly reviewing the manuscript; and A. M. Jones for helpful discussion of the research. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-1-0033 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 529DQ UT WOS:000272496500003 PM 19968547 ER PT J AU Jurick, WM Vico, I Gaskins, VL Garrett, WM Whitaker, BD Janisiewicz, WJ Conway, WS AF Jurick, Wayne M., II Vico, Ivana Gaskins, Verneta L. Garrett, Wesley M. Whitaker, Bruce D. Janisiewicz, Wojciech J. Conway, William S. TI Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Polygalacturonase Produced by Penicillium expansum During Postharvest Decay of 'Anjou' Pear SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host specificity; maceration ID APPLE FRUIT; CELL-WALL; INVOLVEMENT AB A polygalacturonase (PG) was extracted and purified from decayed tissue of 'Anjou' pear fruit inoculated with Penicillium expansum. Ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and cation exchange chromatography were used to purify the enzyme. Both chromatographic methods revealed a single peak corresponding to PG activity. PG enzyme activity from healthy and wounded pear tissue was undetectable, which supports the claim that the purified PG is of fungal origin. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 41 kDa and a pI of 7.8. Activity of the PG was not associated with a glycosylated protein. The enzyme was active over a broad pH range from 3 to 6, with optimal activity at 4.5 in sodium citrate and sodium acetate buffers. The optimal temperature for activity was 37 degrees C but the enzyme was also active at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 degrees C. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of PG hydrolysis products showed that the enzyme exhibits endo- and exo-activity. The purified enzyme macerated tissue in vitro causing approximate to 30% reduction in mass of pear plugs compared with approximate to 17% reduction for apple. Additionally, it produced 1.5-fold more soluble polyuronides on pear than apple tissue. This work shows for the first time the production of a PG by P. expansum during postharvest decay of pear fruit is different from the previously described PG produced in decayed apple fruit by the same pathogen. C1 [Jurick, Wayne M., II; Gaskins, Verneta L.; Whitaker, Bruce D.; Conway, William S.] ARS, Food Qual Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. [Vico, Ivana] Univ Belgrade, Fac Agr, Inst Phytomed, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Garrett, Wesley M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. [Janisiewicz, Wojciech J.] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Jurick, WM (reprint author), ARS, Food Qual Lab, USDA, BARC W, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Wayne.Jurick@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [1275-42430-008-00D] FX We acknowledge the technical contributions of J. Norman Livsey for gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography. This work was supported by the USDA project no. 1275-42430-008-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in the publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-1-0042 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 529DQ UT WOS:000272496500004 PM 19968548 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, K Sink, S Scandiani, MM Luque, A Colletto, A Biasoli, M Lenzi, L Salas, G Gonzalez, V Ploper, LD Formento, N Pioli, RN Aoki, T Yang, XB Sarver, BAJ AF O'Donnell, Kerry Sink, Stacy Mercedes Scandiani, Maria Luque, Alicia Colletto, Analia Biasoli, Marisa Lenzi, Lisandro Salas, Graciela Gonzalez, Victoria Daniel Ploper, Leonardo Formento, Norma Pioli, Rosanna N. Aoki, Takayuki Yang, X. B. Sarver, Brice A. J. TI Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Species Diversity Within North and South America Revealed by Multilocus Genotyping SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Argentina; Brazil; EF-1 alpha; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris; United States; Vinga radiata ID F-SP GLYCINES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HEAD BLIGHT PATHOGEN; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; GENE GENEALOGIES; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; SP PHASEOLI; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL AB Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean has become a serious constraint to the production of this crop in North and South America. Phenotypic and multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses, as well as pathogenicity experiments, have demonstrated that four morphologically and phylogenetically distinct fusaria can induce soybean SDS. Published molecular diagnostic assays for the detection and identification of these pathogens have reported these pathogens as F. solani, F. solani f. sp. glycines, or F. solani f. sp. phaseoli, primarily because the species limits of these four pathogens were only recently resolved. In light of the recent discovery that soybean SDS and Phaseolus and mung bean root rot (BRR) are caused by four and two distinct species, respectively, multilocus DNA sequence analyses were conducted to assess whether any of the published molecular diagnostic assays were species-specific. Comparative DNA sequence analyses of the soybean SDS and BRR pathogens revealed that highly conserved regions of three loci were used in the design of these assays, and therefore none were species-specific based on our current understanding of species limits within the SDS-BRR clade. Prompted by this finding, we developed a high-throughput multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay which accurately differentiated the soybean SDS and two closely related Phaseolus and mung BRR pathogens based on nucleotide polymorphism within the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region rDNA and two anonymous intergenic regions designated locus 51 and 96. The single-well diagnostic assay, employing flow cytometry and a novel fluorescent microsphere array, was validated by independent multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis of a 65 isolate design panel. The MLGT assay was used to reproducibly type a total of 262 soybean SDS and 9 BRR pathogens. The validated MLGT array provides a unique molecular diagnostic for the accurate identification and molecular surveillance of these economically important plant pathogens. C1 [O'Donnell, Kerry; Sink, Stacy] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Mercedes Scandiani, Maria] Lab Agr Rio Parana, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Luque, Alicia; Colletto, Analia; Biasoli, Marisa] Univ Nacl Rosario, Fac Cs Bioquim & Farmaceut, Ctr Referencia Micol CEREMIC, RA-2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Lenzi, Lisandro] Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria EEA INTA Marcos Jua, Estac Expt Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, RA-2580 Cordoba, Argentina. [Salas, Graciela] Nidera SA, RA-4000 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Gonzalez, Victoria; Daniel Ploper, Leonardo] Estac Expt Agroind Obispo Colombres, RA-4101 San Miguel De Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina. [Formento, Norma] Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria EEA INTA Parana, Estac Expt Agropecuaria Parana, RA-3101 Oro Verde, Entre Rios, Argentina. [Pioli, Rosanna N.] Fac Cs Agr UNR, Catedra Fitopatol, RA-2125 Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Aoki, Takayuki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Genet Divers Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Yang, X. B.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sarver, Brice A. J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP O'Donnell, K (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM kerry.odonnell@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 BP 58 EP 71 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-1-0058 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 529DQ UT WOS:000272496500006 PM 19968550 ER PT J AU Zwonitzer, JC Coles, ND Krakowsky, MD Arellano, C Holland, JB McMullen, MD Pratt, RC Balint-Kurti, PJ AF Zwonitzer, John C. Coles, Nathan D. Krakowsky, Matthew D. Arellano, Consuelo Holland, James B. McMullen, Michael D. Pratt, Richard C. Balint-Kurti, Peter J. TI Mapping Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci for Three Foliar Diseases in a Maize Recombinant Inbred Line Population-Evidence for Multiple Disease Resistance? SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAY LEAF-SPOT; CERCOSPORA-ZEAE-MAYDIS; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; HETEROSTROPHUS RACE-O; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; EXSEROHILUM-TURCICUM; GENETIC ARCHITECTURE; BIPOLARIS-MAYDIS; BROAD-SPECTRUM; NORTH-CAROLINA AB Southern leaf blight (SLB), gray leaf spot (GLS), and northern leaf blight (NLB) are all important foliar diseases impacting maize production. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to these diseases in a maize recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between maize lines Ki14 and B73, and to evaluate the evidence for the presence genes or loci conferring multiple disease resistance (MDR). Each disease was scored in multiple separate trials. Highly significant correlations between the resistances and the three diseases were found. The highest correlation was identified between SLB and GLS resistance (r = 0.62). Correlations between resistance to each of the diseases and time to flowering were also highly significant. Nine, eight, and six QTL were identified for SLB, GLS, and NLB resistance, respectively. QTL for all three diseases colocalized in bin 1.06, while QTL colocalizing for two of the three diseases were identified in bins 1.08 to 1.09, 2.02/2.03, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and 10.05. QTL for time to flowering were also identified at four of these six loci (bins 1.06, 3.04/3.05, 8.05, and 10.05). No disease resistance QTL was identified at the largest-effect QTL for flowering time in bin 10.03. C1 [Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Coles, Nathan D.; Krakowsky, Matthew D.; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zwonitzer, John C.; Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Arellano, Consuelo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Pratt, Richard C.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Peter.Balint-Kurti@ars.usda.gov OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675; Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; CGIAR Generation Challenge Program FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and by a grant from the CGIAR Generation Challenge Program (project no. 8). We thank M. Casey, D. Rhyne, R. Wisser, D. Stephens, K. Guill, R. Nelson, and K. Simcox for their help with various aspects of the research. We would like to dedicate this article to the memory of Donna Stephens. NR 87 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1 BP 72 EP 79 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-1-0072 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 529DQ UT WOS:000272496500007 PM 19968551 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Zhao, Y Davis, RE AF Lee, Ing-Ming Zhao, Yan Davis, Robert E. BE Weintraub, PG Jones, P TI Prospects of Multiple Gene-based Systems for Differentiation and Classification of Phytoplasmas SO PHYTOPLASMAS: GENOMES, PLANT HOSTS AND VECTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; AD-HOC COMMITTEE; CANDIDATUS-PHYTOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; FLAVESCENCE DOREE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ASTER YELLOWS; FINER DIFFERENTIATION; SPECIES DEFINITION; GRAPEVINE YELLOWS C1 [Lee, Ing-Ming; Zhao, Yan; Davis, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Rm 218,Bldg 004,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ingming.lee@ars.usda.gov; yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov; robert.davis@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-530-6 PY 2010 BP 51 EP 63 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BWH67 UT WOS:000293893600005 ER PT J AU Zhao, Y Wei, W Davis, RE Lee, IM AF Zhao, Yan Wei, Wei Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ing-Ming BE Weintraub, PG Jones, P TI Recent Advances in 16S rRNA Gene-based Phytoplasma Differentiation, Classification and Taxonomy SO PHYTOPLASMAS: GENOMES, PLANT HOSTS AND VECTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REAL-TIME PCR; WITCHES-BROOM-DISEASE; SEQUENCE-VARIABLE MOSAICS; CLOVER PROLIFERATION PHYTOPLASMA; VIRTUAL RFLP ANALYSIS; ASTER YELLOWS VIRUS; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; CANDIDATUS-PHYTOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS C1 [Zhao, Yan; Wei, Wei; Davis, Robert E.; Lee, Ing-Ming] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhao, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Rm 213,Bldg 004,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yan.zhao@ars.usda.gov; wei.wei@ars.usda.gov; robert.davis@ars.usda.gov; ingming.lee@ars.usda.gov NR 128 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-530-6 PY 2010 BP 64 EP 92 PG 29 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Microbiology GA BWH67 UT WOS:000293893600006 ER PT S AU Colliander, A Kim, S Yueh, S Cosh, M Jackson, T Njoku, E AF Colliander, Andreas Kim, Seungbum Yueh, Simon Cosh, Mike Jackson, Tom Njoku, Eni GP Electromagnet Acad TI Azimuthal Signature of Coincidental Brightness Temperature and Normalized Radar Cross-section Obtained Using Airborne PALS Instrument SO PIERS 2010 CAMBRIDGE: PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium CY JUL 05-08, 2010 CL Cambridge, MA SP Schlumberger-Doll Res, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat/Res Lab Elect, Zhejiang Univ, Electromagnet Acad ID OCEAN AB Coincidental airborne brightness temperature (TB) and normalized radar-cross section (NRCS) measurements were carried out with the PALS (Passive and Active L- and S-band) instrument in the SMAPVEX08 (SMAP Validation Experiment 2008) field campaign. This paper describes results obtained from a set of flights which measured a field in 45 degrees steps over the azimuth angle. The field contained mature soy beans with distinct row structure. The measurement shows that both TB and NRCS experience modulation effects over the azimuth as expected based on the theory. The result is useful in development and validation of land surface parameter forward models and retrieval algorithms, such as the soil moisture algorithm for NASA's SMAP (Soil Moisture Active and Passive) mission. Although the footprint of the SMAP will not be sensitive to the small resolution scale effects as the one presented in this paper, it is nevertheless important to understand the effects at smaller scale. C1 [Colliander, Andreas; Kim, Seungbum; Yueh, Simon; Njoku, Eni] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cosh, Mike; Jackson, Tom] USDA Agr Res Serv, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Colliander, A (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Cosh, MIchael/A-8858-2015 OI Cosh, MIchael/0000-0003-4776-1918 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-14-1 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2010 BP 967 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BAT93 UT WOS:000305490800206 ER PT J AU Blank, RR AF Blank, Robert R. TI Intraspecific and interspecific pair-wise seedling competition between exotic annual grasses and native perennials: plant-soil relationships SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Bromus tectorum; Elymus elymoides; Intraspecific competition; Interspecific competition; Plant-soil relationships; Pseudoroegneria spicata; Taeniatherum caput-medusae ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; INVASIVE PLANTS; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; ELYMUS-ELYMOIDES; GREAT-BASIN; COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN; AVAILABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY AB Few studies have examined plant-soil relationships in competitive arenas between exotic and native plants in the western United States. A pair-wise competitive design was used to evaluate plant-soil relationships between seedlings of the exotic annual grasses Bromus tectorum and Taeniatherium caput-medusae and the native perennial grasses Elymus elymoides and Pseudoroegneria spicata. Two soils were tested: an arid soil (argid) occupied by E. elymoides and presently invaded by B. tectorum and a high elevation, high organic matter, soil (aquept) where none of the tested species would typically occur. Plant growth proceeded for 85 days at which time above-ground biomass and tissue nutrient concentrations were quantified. Soil also was collected from the rooting zone beneath each species and analyzed for various nutrient pools. The exotic species had significantly greater above-ground biomass than the natives and grew far better in the aquept soil than the argid soil. Growth of B. tectorum, and to some degree, T. caput-medusae was suppressed in intraspecific competition and enhanced, especially in the aquept soil, when competing with the natives. Although not significant, biomass of natives strongly trended downward when competing with the exotic grasses. Overall, concentrations of tissue nutrients were minimally affected by competition, but natives tended to be more negatively affected by competition with exotics. Except for phosphorus (P), all species had significantly greater nutrient concentrations when growing in the aquept soil compared to the argid soil. In both soils, exotics had significant greater tissue concentrations of manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe), while natives had significantly greater nitrogen (N). Species affects on soil nutrient pools occurred mostly in the aquept soil with exotic species significantly decreasing pools of available N, potentially available N, and soil-solution pools of calcium (Ca(2+)), potassium (K(+)), and magnesium (Mg(2+)) relative to natives. Overall, the data suggest that, in the seedling state, B. tectorum is a superior competitor. Moreover, when the natives compete intra- or interspecifically, particularly in the aquept soil, availability of N and other nutrients in their rooting zone is consistently greater than when they compete interspecifically with the exotic grasses. These data suggest the exotics are able to co-opt nutrients in the rooting zone of the natives and perhaps gain a competitive advantage. C1 Agr Res Serv Exot & Invas, USDA, Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), Agr Res Serv Exot & Invas, USDA, Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 62 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 81 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2010 VL 326 IS 1-2 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0012-3 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 533UF UT WOS:000272850200026 ER PT J AU Zobel, RW Waisel, Y AF Zobel, R. W. Waisel, Y. TI A plant root system architectural taxonomy: A framework for root nomenclature SO PLANT BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Root-Research CY SEP 02-04, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Soc Root Res DE Nomenclature; tap root; basal root; shoot-borne root; lateral root ID MAIZE; ARABIDOPSIS; REVOLUTION; AUXIN; SOIL AB Research into root system morphology over the last two centuries has developed a diverse set of terminologies that are difficult to apply consistently across species and research specialties. In response to a need for better communication, a workshop held by the International Society for Root Research established some nomenclature standards for root research. These standards and their justification are presented in this study. A framework for a root system architectural taxonomy is created by defining four main classes of root: the tap root, that is, the first root to emerge from the seed; lateral roots, which are branches of other roots; shoot-borne roots, which arise from shoot tissues; and basal roots, which develop from the hypocotyl, that is, the organ which is between the base of the shoot and the base of the tap root. It is concluded that adherence to the presented taxonomy will reduce confusion and eliminate some of the current confounding of results. C1 [Zobel, R. W.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Waisel, Y.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM rich.zobel@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1126-3504 J9 PLANT BIOSYST JI Plant Biosyst. PY 2010 VL 144 IS 2 BP 507 EP 512 AR PII 925196823 DI 10.1080/11263501003764483 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 635DP UT WOS:000280636100029 ER PT J AU Ko, K Brown, SK Norelli, JL Hrazdina, G Aldwinckle, HS AF Ko, K. Brown, S. K. Norelli, J. L. Hrazdina, G. Aldwinckle, H. S. TI In vitro pollen functionality of attacin-transgenic "Royal Gala" apple plants and apples transformed with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS)-antisense vector SO PLANT BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Ethylene; germination; fire blight; somaclonal variation; transformation ID X DOMESTICA BORKH.; FIRE BLIGHT; EXPRESSION; GERMINATION; RESISTANCE; GENE; MICROPROPAGATION; PERFORMANCE; PROMOTER; ETHYLENE AB To assess pollen functionality of transgenic apple trees, invitro pollen germination and tube growth were evaluated. Flowers of transgenic oRoyal Galao apple lines containing attacin E gene to confer resistance to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), or antisense 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) construct to improve fruit storage life, were collected, and pollen was harvested. Amongst the 19 transgenic lines, pollen from three lines transformed with an ACS-antisense vector consistently had significantly lower germination rate compared to oRoyal Galao; however, no correlation between ACS level in fruit and pollen germination rate was observed. Western blots showed that the amounts of the lytic protein, attacin, varied in pollen of the four attacin-transgenic lines sampled. There was no significant correlation between attacin level in the pollen and pollen germination rate or pollen tube growth. The addition of boric acid to the germination buffer enhanced germination in attacin-transgenic lines, as well as in lines down-regulated in ethylene synthesis and control oRoyal Galao. This initial study suggests that the majority of transgenic lines tested do not differ from the control oRoyal Galao in pollen germination, and that attacin or down-regulation of ethylene does not influence invitro pollen functionality. C1 [Norelli, J. L.; Aldwinckle, H. S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Ko, K.; Brown, S. K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Ko, K.] Wonkwang Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Iksan 570749, South Korea. [Norelli, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hrazdina, G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Aldwinckle, HS (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM has1@cornell.edu FU New York Apple Research and Development Program; Cornell Center for Advanced Technology in Biotechnology; New York State Science and Technology Foundation; USDA [97-34367-3937] FX This work was supported by grants from the New York Apple Research and Development Program, the Cornell Center for Advanced Technology in Biotechnology, sponsored by the New York State Science and Technology Foundation and industrial partners, and by a USDA special grant 97-34367-3937. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1126-3504 J9 PLANT BIOSYST JI Plant Biosyst. PY 2010 VL 144 IS 4 BP 778 EP 783 AR PII 931445481 DI 10.1080/11263504.2010.506983 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 697MC UT WOS:000285516700003 ER PT S AU Bransby, DI Allen, DJ Gutterson, N Ikonen, G Richard, E Rooney, W van Santen, E AF Bransby, David I. Allen, Damian J. Gutterson, Neal Ikonen, Gregory Richard, Edward, Jr. Rooney, William van Santen, Edzard BE Mascia, PN Scheffran, J Widholm, JM TI Engineering Advantages, Challenges and Status of Grass Energy Crops SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY AND CO-PRODUCTS SE Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MISCANTHUS-SINENSIS ANDERSS; SEEDLING TILLER NUMBER; INFLUENCING COMBUSTION QUALITY; POSTHARVEST SUGARCANE RESIDUE; SWITCHGRASS PANICUM-VIRGATUM; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; BICOLOR L. MOENCH; X-GIGANTEUS; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS C1 [Bransby, David I.; van Santen, Edzard] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Allen, Damian J.] Mendel BioEnergy Seeds, Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. [Gutterson, Neal; Ikonen, Gregory] Mendel Biotechnol Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. [Richard, Edward, Jr.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70360 USA. [Rooney, William] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Bransby, DI (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM bransdi@auburn.edu; dallen@MendelBio.com; neal@MendelBio.com; gikonen@MendelBio.com; edward.richard@ars.usda.gov; wlr@tamu.edu; evsanten@acesag.auburn.edu OI Allen, Damian/0000-0002-9338-9531 NR 136 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0934-943X BN 978-3-642-13439-5 J9 BIOTECH AGR FOREST JI Biotechnol. Agric. For. PY 2010 VL 66 BP 125 EP 154 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1_6 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1 PG 30 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry GA BRF06 UT WOS:000282537800006 ER PT S AU Kausch, AP Hague, J Oliver, M Watrud, LS Mallory-Smith, C Meier, V Stewart, CN AF Kausch, Albert P. Hague, Joel Oliver, Melvin Watrud, Lidia S. Mallory-Smith, Carol Meier, Virgil Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. BE Mascia, PN Scheffran, J Widholm, JM TI Gene Flow in Genetically Engineered Perennial Grasses: Lessons for Modification of Dedicated Bioenergy Crops SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY AND CO-PRODUCTS SE Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BENTGRASS AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA; CREEPING BENTGRASS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; POLLEN; MAIZE; ESTABLISHMENT; HYBRIDIZATION; STRATEGIES; LANDRACES; TOBACCO C1 [Kausch, Albert P.; Hague, Joel] Univ Rhode Isl, W Kingston, RI 02892 USA. [Oliver, Melvin] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Watrud, Lidia S.] US EPA, US EPA NHEERL WED, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Mallory-Smith, Carol] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Meier, Virgil] USDA APHIS, Biotechnol Regulatory Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Racheff Chair Excellence Plant Mol Genet, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kausch, AP (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, 530 Liberty Lane, W Kingston, RI 02892 USA. EM akausch@etal.uri.edu; joel.hague@gmail.com; moliver@lbk.ars.usda.gov; Watrud.Lidia@epamail.epa.gov; carol.mallory-smith@oregonstate.edu; virgil.d.meier@aphis.usda.gov; nealstewart@utk.edu NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0934-943X BN 978-3-642-13439-5 J9 BIOTECH AGR FOREST JI Biotechnol. Agric. For. PY 2010 VL 66 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry GA BRF06 UT WOS:000282537800010 ER PT S AU Kausch, AP Hague, J Oliver, M Li, Y Daniell, H Mascia, P Stewart, CN AF Kausch, Albert P. Hague, Joel Oliver, Melvin Li, Yi Daniell, Henry Mascia, Peter Stewart, C. Neal, Jr. BE Mascia, PN Scheffran, J Widholm, JM TI Genetic Modification in Dedicated Bioenergy Crops and Strategies for Gene Confinement SO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY AND CO-PRODUCTS SE Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BENTGRASS AGROSTIS-STOLONIFERA; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; CAUSES MALE-STERILITY; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; CREEPING BENTGRASS; CDNA CLONE; EXPRESSION; POLLEN; TAPETUM; ARABIDOPSIS C1 [Kausch, Albert P.; Hague, Joel] Univ Rhode Isl, W Kingston, RI 02892 USA. [Oliver, Melvin] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Li, Yi] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Daniell, Henry] Cent Florida State Univ, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Mascia, Peter] Ceres, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Stewart, C. Neal, Jr.] Univ Tennessee, Racheff Chair Excellence Plant Mol Genet, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kausch, AP (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, 530 Liberty Lane, W Kingston, RI 02892 USA. EM akausch@etal.uri.edu; joel.hague@gmail.com NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0934-943X BN 978-3-642-13439-5 J9 BIOTECH AGR FOREST JI Biotechnol. Agric. For. PY 2010 VL 66 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-13440-1 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry GA BRF06 UT WOS:000282537800011 ER PT J AU Du, JC Tian, ZX Bowen, NJ Schmutz, J Shoemaker, RC Ma, JX AF Du, Jianchang Tian, Zhixi Bowen, Nathan J. Schmutz, Jeremy Shoemaker, Randy C. Ma, Jianxin TI Bifurcation and Enhancement of Autonomous-Nonautonomous Retrotransposon Partnership through LTR Swapping in Soybean SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID MAIZE GENOME; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; RICE; EVOLUTION; REPEAT; RECOMBINATION; FAMILY; SIZE; RETROELEMENTS AB Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons, the most abundant genomic components in flowering plants, are classifiable into autonomous and nonautonomous elements based on their structural completeness and transposition capacity. It has been proposed that selection is the major force for maintaining sequence (e. g., LTR) conservation between nonautonomous elements and their autonomous counterparts. Here, we report the structural, evolutionary, and expression characterization of a giant retrovirus-like soybean (Glycine max) LTR retrotransposon family, SNARE. This family contains two autonomous subfamilies, SARE(A) and SARE(B), that appear to have evolved independently since the soybean genome tetraploidization event similar to 13 million years ago, and a nonautonomous subfamily, SNRE, that originated from SARE(A). Unexpectedly, a subset of the SNRE elements, which amplified from a single founding SNRE element within the last similar to 3 million years, have been dramatically homogenized with either SARE(A) or SARE(B) primarily in the LTR regions and bifurcated into distinct subgroups corresponding to the two autonomous subfamilies. We uncovered evidence of region-specific swapping of nonautonomous elements with autonomous elements that primarily generated various nonautonomous recombinants with LTR sequences from autonomous elements of different evolutionary lineages, thus revealing a molecular mechanism for the enhancement of preexisting partnership and the establishment of new partnership between autonomous and nonautonomous elements. C1 [Du, Jianchang; Tian, Zhixi; Ma, Jianxin] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bowen, Nathan J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy] Hudson Alpha Inst, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Shoemaker, Randy C.] USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ma, JX (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM maj@purdue.edu RI Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013; Bowen, Nathan/F-3132-2010 OI Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172; Bowen, Nathan/0000-0002-1609-6698 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement; Purdue University faculty startup funds; National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program [DBI-0822258] FX We thank Phillip SanMiguel, David Sanders, and Jeff Bennetzen for insightful comments of this manuscript and the anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions. This work is supported by USDA-Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement to R. C. S. and J.M., Purdue University faculty startup funds to J.M., and the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (DBI-0822258) to J.M. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JAN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.068775 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 573PH UT WOS:000275926100007 PM 20081112 ER PT J AU Jun, JH Ha, CM Fletcher, JC AF Jun, Ji Hyung Ha, Chan Man Fletcher, Jennifer C. TI BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 Coordinates Organ Determinacy and Axial Polarity in Arabidopsis by Directly Activating ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; ADAXIAL-ABAXIAL POLARITY; BZIP TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; KNOX GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY; HOMEOBOX GENE; MERISTEM ACTIVITY; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; BTB/POZ DOMAIN; LEUCINE-ZIPPER AB Continuous organ formation is a hallmark of plant development that requires organ-specific gene activity to establish determinacy and axial patterning, yet the molecular mechanisms that coordinate these events remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the organ-specific BTB-POZ domain proteins BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 function as transcriptional activators during Arabidopsis thaliana leaf formation. We identify as a direct target of BOP1 induction the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) gene, which promotes leaf cell fate specification and adaxial polarity. We find that BOP1 associates with the AS2 promoter and that BOP1 and BOP2 are required for AS2 activation specifically in the proximal, adaxial region of the leaf, demonstrating a role for the BOP proteins as proximal-distal as well as adaxial-abaxial patterning determinants. Furthermore, repression of BOP1 and BOP2 expression by the indeterminacy-promoting KNOX gene SHOOTMERISTEMLESS is critical to establish a functional embryonic shoot apical meristem. Our data indicate that direct activation of AS2 transcription by BOP1 and BOP2 is vital for generating the conditions for KNOX repression at the leaf base and may represent a conserved mechanism for coordinating leaf morphogenesis with patterning along the adaxial-abaxial and the proximal-distal axes. C1 [Jun, Ji Hyung; Ha, Chan Man; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Jun, Ji Hyung; Ha, Chan Man; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jfletcher@berkeley.edu FU USDA Current Research Information System FX We acknowledge the ABRC for supplying seeds and thank Sarah Hake, Hirokazu Tsukaya, and members of the lab for helpful comments. This work was supported by a USDA Current Research Information System grant to J.C.F. NR 51 TC 49 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD JAN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 62 EP 76 DI 10.1105/tpc.109.070763 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 573PH UT WOS:000275926100008 PM 20118228 ER PT J AU Uchendu, EE Leonard, SW Traber, MG Reed, BM AF Uchendu, Esther E. Leonard, Scott W. Traber, Maret G. Reed, Barbara M. TI Vitamins C and E improve regrowth and reduce lipid peroxidation of blackberry shoot tips following cryopreservation SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Ascorbic acid; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative stress; Rubus; Tocopherol ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; ASCORBIC-ACID; PLANT-CELLS; SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; FREEZING INJURY; LUPINUS-ALBUS; MALONDIALDEHYDE; ANTIOXIDANTS AB Oxidative processes involved in cryopreservation protocols may be responsible for the reduced viability of tissues after liquid nitrogen exposure. Antioxidants that counteract these reactions should improve recovery. This study focused on oxidative lipid injury and the effects of exogenous vitamin E (tocopherol, Vit E) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid, Vit C) treatments on regrowth at four critical steps of the plant vitrification solution number 2 (PVS2) vitrification cryopreservation technique; pretreatment, loading, rinsing, and regrowth. Initial experiments showed that Vit E at 11-15 mM significantly increased regrowth (P < 0.001) when added at any of the four steps. There was significantly more malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, at each of the steps than in fresh untreated shoot tips. Vit E uptake was assayed at each step and showed significantly more alpha- and gamma-tocopherols in treated shoots than those without Vit E. Vit E added at each step significantly reduced MDA formation and improved shoot regrowth. Vit C (0.14-0.58 mM) also significantly improved regrowth of shoot tips at each step compared to the controls. Regrowth medium with high iron concentrations and Vit C decreased recovery. However, in iron-free medium, Vit C significantly improved recovery. Treatments with Vit E (11 mM) and Vit C (0.14 mM) combined were not significantly better than Vit C alone. We recommend adding Vit C (0.28 mM) to the pretreatment medium, the loading solution or the rinse solution in the PVS2 vitrification protocol. This is the first report of the application of vitamins for improving cryopreservation of plant tissues by minimizing oxidative damage. C1 [Reed, Barbara M.] USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Uchendu, Esther E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Leonard, Scott W.; Traber, Maret G.] Oregon State Univ, Linus Pauling Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Barbara.Reed@ars.usda.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473; Traber, Maret/0000-0002-2892-4024 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [5358-21000-038-00D]; Ford Foundation; University Club of Portland Inc. FX Research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5358-21000-038-00D. Vitamin E and malondialdehyde analysis was done by the Linus Pauling Institute. Thanks are extended to Jeanine DeNoma for her technical advice and to the Ford Foundation International Fellowship Program, and the University Club of Portland Inc. for fellowships to Esther Uchendu. NR 53 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD JAN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s00299-009-0795-y PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 533DH UT WOS:000272802300003 PM 19898848 ER PT S AU Ha, CM Jun, JH Fletcher, JC AF Ha, Chan Man Jun, Ji Hyung Fletcher, Jennifer C. BE Timmermans, MCP TI SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM FORM AND FUNCTION SO PLANT DEVELOPMENT SE Current Topics in Developmental Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID STEM-CELL FATE; DEPENDENT AUXIN GRADIENTS; FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENES; CUP-SHAPED-COTYLEDON; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS SHOOT; HOMEOBOX GENES; LATERAL-ORGANS; ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT AB The shoot apical meristem (SAM) generates above-ground aerial organs throughout the lifespan of higher plants. In order to fulfill this function, the meristem must maintain a balance between the self-renewal of a reservoir of central stem cells and organ initiation from peripheral cells. The activity of the pluripotent stem cell population in the SAM is dynamically controlled by complex, overlapping signaling networks that include the feedback regulation of meristem maintenance genes and the signaling of plant hormones. Organ initiation likewise requires the function of multifactor gene regulatory networks, as well as instructive cues from the plant hormone auxin and reciprocal signals from the shoot meristem. Floral meristems (FMs) are products of the reproductive SAM that sustains a transient stem cell reservoir for flower formation. Regulation of FM activity involves both feedback loops shared with the SAM and floral-specific factors. Recent studies have rapidly advanced our understanding of SAM function by adopting newly developed molecular and computational techniques. These advances are becoming integrated with data from traditional molecular genetics methodologies to develop a framework for understanding the central principles of SAM function. C1 [Ha, Chan Man; Jun, Ji Hyung; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] USDA UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA USA. [Ha, Chan Man; Jun, Ji Hyung; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ha, CM (reprint author), USDA UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA USA. NR 206 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0070-2153 BN 978-0-12-380910-0 J9 CURR TOP DEV BIOL JI Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. PY 2010 VL 91 BP 103 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0070-2153(10)91004-1 PG 38 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA BQO53 UT WOS:000281449100004 PM 20705180 ER PT B AU Horvath, D AF Horvath, D. BE Pua, EC Davey, MR TI Bud Dormancy and Growth SO PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY - BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES, VOL 1 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; LEAFY SPURGE; CELL-CYCLE; ABSCISIC-ACID; HYBRID ASPEN; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Horvath, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 5674 State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM horvathd@fargo.ars.usda.gov NR 77 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-02300-2 PY 2010 BP 53 EP 70 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02301-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02301-9 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BNI16 UT WOS:000274628000004 ER PT B AU Martin, RC Pluskota, WE Nonogaki, H AF Martin, R. C. Pluskota, W. E. Nonogaki, H. BE Pua, EC Davey, MR TI Seed Germination SO PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY - BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES, VOL 1 LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA SEEDS; HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN; LOSS-OF-FUNCTION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NEGATIVE REGULATOR; DOMAIN PROTEIN; 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; GENE ENCODES C1 [Martin, R. C.] ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Pluskota, W. E.] Univ Warmia & Mazury, Dept Plant Physiol & Biotechnol, PL-10718 Olsztyn, Poland. [Nonogaki, H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hiro.nonogaki@oregonstate.edu NR 145 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-02300-2 PY 2010 BP 383 EP 404 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02301-9_19 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA BNI16 UT WOS:000274628000019 ER PT S AU Carles, CC Ha, CM Jun, JH Fiume, E Fletcher, JC AF Carles, Cristel C. Ha, Chan Man Jun, Ji Hyung Fiume, Elisa Fletcher, Jennifer C. BE Hennig, L Kohler, C TI Analyzing Shoot Apical Meristem Development SO PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Shoot apical meristem; confocal laser scanning microscopy; histology; in situ hybridization ID STEM-CELL REGULATION; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS AB The shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana contains a reservoir of pluripotent stem cells that functions as a continuous source of new cells for organ formation during development. The SAM forms during embryogenesis, when it becomes stratified into specific cell layers and zones that can be delineated based on morphological and molecular criteria. The primary SAM produces all the aerial structures of the adult plant, and alterations in SAM organization or function can have profound effects on vegetative and reproductive plant morphology. Such SAM-specific defects can be identified, evaluated, and quantified using specialized microscopic and histological techniques. C1 [Carles, Cristel C.; Ha, Chan Man; Jun, Ji Hyung; Fiume, Elisa; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] USDA ARS UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carles, Cristel C.; Ha, Chan Man; Jun, Ji Hyung; Fiume, Elisa; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carles, CC (reprint author), USDA ARS UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Fiume, Elisa/0000-0001-6788-0231 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-764-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 655 BP 105 EP 129 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-765-5_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-765-5 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BQJ66 UT WOS:000281181000008 PM 20734257 ER PT S AU Fiume, E Pires, HR Kim, JS Fletcher, JC AF Fiume, Elisa Pires, Helena R. Kim, Jin Sun Fletcher, Jennifer C. BE Hennig, L Kohler, C TI Analyzing Floral Meristem Development SO PLANT DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Floral meristem; organ number; confocal laser scanning microscopy; scanning electron microscopy ID FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; ARABIDOPSIS; SHOOT AB Flowers contain the male and female sexual organs that are critical for plant reproduction and survival. Each individual flower is produced from a floral meristem that arises on the flank of the shoot apical meristem and consists of four organ types: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Because floral meristems contain a transient stem-cell pool that generates a small number of organs composed of a limited number of cell types, they are excellent model systems for studying stem-cell maintenance and termination, cell fate specification, organ morphogenesis, and pattern formation. C1 [Fiume, Elisa; Pires, Helena R.; Kim, Jin Sun; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] USDA ARS UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fiume, Elisa; Pires, Helena R.; Kim, Jin Sun; Fletcher, Jennifer C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fiume, E (reprint author), USDA ARS UC Berkeley, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Fiume, Elisa/0000-0001-6788-0231; Pires, Helena/0000-0001-8351-0812 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-764-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 655 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-765-5_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-765-5 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BQJ66 UT WOS:000281181000009 PM 20734258 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Postman, JD Samad, A Martin, RR AF Tzanetakis, Ioannis E. Postman, Joseph D. Samad, A. Martin, Robert R. TI Mint Viruses: Beauty, Stealth, and Disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STRAWBERRY-LATENT-RINGSPOT; NECROTIC-SPOT-VIRUS; CUCUMBER-MOSAIC-VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LYCHNIS RINGSPOT; WILT-VIRUS; POTATO-VIRUS; 1ST REPORT; S-RNA; MENTHA C1 [Tzanetakis, Ioannis E.] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Martin, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. [Samad, A.] CSIR, Cent Inst Med & Aromat Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Tzanetakis, IE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM itzaneta@uark.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 NR 93 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 4 EP 12 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0004 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600001 ER PT J AU Elliott, ML Des Jardin, EA O'Donnell, K Geiser, DM Harrison, NA Broschat, TK AF Elliott, M. L. Des Jardin, E. A. O'Donnell, K. Geiser, D. M. Harrison, N. A. Broschat, T. K. TI Fusarium oxysporum f. sp palmarum, a Novel Forma Specialis Causing a Lethal Disease of Syagrus romanzoffiana and Washingtonia robusta in Florida SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DATE PALM; PHOENIX-CANARIENSIS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SP ALBEDINIS; PROLIFERATUM AB A new disease of Syagrus romanzoffiana (queen palm) and Washingtonia robusta (Mexican fail palm) has spread across the southern half of Florida during the past 5 years. The initial foliar symptom is a one-sided chlorosis or necrosis of older leaf blades, with a distinct reddish-brown stripe along the petiole and rachis and ail associated discoloration of internal tissue. Within 2 to 3 months after onset of symptoms, the entire canopy becomes desiccated and necrotic but the leaves do not droop or hang down around the trunk. Based on pathogenicity and morphological and molecular characterization, the etiological agent has been identified as a new forma specialis of Fusarium orysporum, designated f. sp. palmarum. Sequence analysis of a portion of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (EF-1 alpha) separated 27 representative isolates into two EF-1 alpha groups, which differed by two transition mutations. Members of both EF-1 alpha groups are pathogenic on both species of palm. A phylogenetic analysis inferred from partial EF-1 alpha sequences from a genetically diverse set of E oxysporum isolates, including three other formae speciales pathogenic on palm (i.e., f. sp. albedinis, f. sp. canariensis, and f. sp. elaeidis), suggested that f. sp. pahnarum and f. sp. albedinis may be more closely related to one another than either is to the two other palm pathogens. C1 [Elliott, M. L.; Des Jardin, E. A.; Harrison, N. A.; Broschat, T. K.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. [O'Donnell, K.] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Geiser, D. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Elliott, ML (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL 33314 USA. EM melliott@ufl.edu RI Geiser, David/J-9950-2013 FU Florida Nursery Growers and Landscape Association FX This research was supported, in part, by the Florida Nursery Growers and Landscape Association. We thank S. Sink for expert technical assistance and D. Fraser for preparing Figure 3. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0031 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600005 ER PT J AU Paulitz, TC Schroeder, KL Schillinger, WF AF Paulitz, T. C. Schroeder, K. L. Schillinger, W. F. TI Soilborne Pathogens of Cereals in an Irrigated Cropping System: Effects of Tillage, Residue Management, and Crop Rotation SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RHIZOCTONIA ROOT-ROT; FUSARIUM FOOT ROT; WINTER-WHEAT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TAKE-ALL; PRATYLENCHUS-NEGLECTUS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; REDUCED TILLAGE; DAMPING-OFF; BARE PATCH AB An irrigated cropping systems experiment was conducted for 6 years in east-central Washington State to examine agronomic and economic alternatives to continuous annual winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) with burning and plowing, and to determine how root diseases of cereals are influenced by management practices. The continuous winter wheat treatment with burning and plowing was compared with a 3-year no-till rotation of winter wheat-spring barley (Hordeum vulgare)-winter canola (Brassica napus) and three straw management treatments: burning, straw removal, and leaving the straw stubble standing after harvest. Take-all disease and inoculum increased from years I to 4 in the continuous winter wheat treatment with burning and plowing, reducing plant growth compared to the no-till treatments with crop rotations. Inoculum of Rhizoctonia solani AG-8 was significantly lower in the tilled treatment compared to the no-till treatments. Inoculum concentration of Fusarium pseudograminearum was higher than that of F culmorum, and in one of three years, the former was higher in treatments with standing stubble and mechanical straw removal compared to burned treatments. Residue management method had no effect on Rhizoctonia inoculum, but spring barley had more crown roots and tillers and greater height with stubble burning. This 6-year study showed that irrigated winter wheat can be produced in a no-till rotation without major disease losses and demonstrated how cropping practices influence the dynamics of soilborne cereal diseases and inoculum over time. C1 [Paulitz, T. C.; Schroeder, K. L.] ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schillinger, W. F.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Dryland Res Stn, Lind, WA 99341 USA. RP Paulitz, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM paulitz@wsu.edu OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803; Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 FU USDA-ARS; WSU; Washington Wheat Commission; Columbia Plateau PM 10; Solutions to Economic and Environmental Problems (STEEP); Washington Department of Ecology FX We thank Bruce Sauer, Harry Schafer, Steve Schofstoll, Timothy Smith, Brian Fode, Karen Adams, and Rebecca Flanagan for their excellent technical assistance. Funding for the experiment was provided by the USDA-ARS, WSU, Washington Wheat Commission, the Columbia Plateau PM 10 Project, the Solutions to Economic and Environmental Problems (STEEP) Project, and the Washington Department of Ecology. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0061 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600009 ER PT J AU Mello, AFS Yokomi, RK Melcher, U Chen, JC Fletcher, J AF Mello, Alexandre F. S. Yokomi, Raymond K. Melcher, Ulrich Chen, Jianchi C. Fletcher, Jacqueline TI Citrus Stubborn Severity Is Associated with Spiroplasma citri Titer But Not with Bacterial Genotype SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FRUCTOSE UTILIZATION; CIRCULIFER-TENELLUS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DISEASE; REPRODUCIBILITY; RAPD; PHYTOPATHOGENICITY; PATHOGENICITY; TRANSMISSION; REPEATS AB The impact of citrus stubborn disease, caused by Spiroplasma citri, on citrus production is associated with the symptom severity of infected trees but its association with bacterial levels and virulence are unknown. Fifty-eight S. citri isolates were cultivated from severely and mildly symptomatic trees and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and short-sequence repeat fingerprinting differentiated four major S. citri genotypes among these isolates. Each genotype was present in both mildly and severely symptomatic trees, suggesting that readily detectable genetic differences in the S. citri populations did not account for differences in disease severity. No variation in the size of amplicons of the pathogenicity-related fructose operon was observed in isolates from trees having varying degrees of symptom expression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that spiroplasma titer is over 6,000 times higher in fruit from severely symptomatic than from mildly symptomatic trees. The genotypic similarities among S. citri isolates from severely and mildly symptomatic trees, and the consistently higher bacterial titer in the former than in the latter, suggests that titer but not genotype is, at least in part, responsible for the greater symptom severity in some of the S. citri-affected trees in the orchard evaluated. C1 [Mello, Alexandre F. S.; Fletcher, Jacqueline] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Yokomi, Raymond K.; Chen, Jianchi C.] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Fletcher, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jacqueline.fletcher@okstate.edu RI Melcher, Ulrich/E-7160-2010 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [5302-22000-009-00]; Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Project [2052] FX This study was funded by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) project number 5302-22000-009-00 and by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch Project 2052. We thank E, Civerolo (USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA) and C. Bender and C. Garzon (Oklahoma State University) for reviewing the manuscript; M. Payton and C. Goad for the statistical analysis; L. Whitworth (Recombinant DNA/Protein Resource Facility of Oklahoma State University) for assistance in amplicon sequencing; and R. A. Grantham and J. Dominiak Olson (Oklahoma State University) for the use of their real-time PCR system. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0075 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600011 ER PT J AU Zhou, XG Everts, KL Bruton, BD AF Zhou, X. G. Everts, K. L. Bruton, B. D. TI Race 3, a New and Highly Virulent Race of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum Causing Fusarium Wilt in Watermelon SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; UNITED-STATES; SP MELONIS; RESISTANCE; POPULATION; 1ST-REPORT AB Three races (0, 1. and 2) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum have been previously described in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) based on their ability to cause disease on differential watermelon genotypes. Four isolates of F oxysporum f. sp. niveum collected from wilted watermelon plants or infested soil in Maryland, along with reference isolates of races 0, 1, and 2, were compared for virulence, host range, and vegetative compatibility. Race identification was made on the watermelon differentials Sugar Baby, Charleston Gray, Dixielee, Calhoun Gray, and PI-296341-FR using a root-dip, tray-dip, or pipette inoculation method. All four Maryland isolates were highly virulent, causing 78 to 100% wilt on all differentials, one of which was PI-296341-FR, considered highly resistant to race 2. The isolates also produced significantly greater colonization in the lower stems of PI-296341-FR than a standard race 2 reference isolate. In field microplots, two of the isolates caused over 90% wilt on PI-296341-FR, whereas no disease was caused by a race 2 isolate. All four isolates were nonpathogenic on muskmelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash, confirming their host specific pathogenicity to watermelon. The Maryland isolates were vegetatively compatible to each other but not compatible with the race 2 isolates evaluated, indicating their genetic difference from race 2. This study proposes that the Maryland isolates belong to a new race, race 3, the most virulent race of F oxysporum f. sp. niveum described to date. C1 [Everts, K. L.] Univ Maryland, Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. [Bruton, B. D.] ARS, USDA, S Ctr Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Zhou, X. G.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. [Zhou, X. G.] Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, Salisbury, MD 21801 USA. RP Everts, KL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Lower Eastern Shore Res & Educ Ctr, Georgetown, DE 19947 USA. EM keverts@umd.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0092 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600014 ER PT J AU Worrall, JJ Harrington, TC Blodgett, JT Conklin, DA Fairweather, ML AF Worrall, James J. Harrington, Thomas C. Blodgett, James T. Conklin, David A. Fairweather, Mary Lou TI Heterobasidion annosum and H. parviporum in the Southern Rocky Mountains and Adjoining States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FOMES-ANNOSUS; PONDEROSA; COLORADO AB Collections of Heterobasidion spp. from Nebraska, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico were identified based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. The North American variant of Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto was found on Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus virginiana in central Nebraska, southern Colorado, central Arizona, and southern New Mexico. The North American variant of H. parviporum was found on Abies concolor and Picea engelmannii in southern Colorado and central New Mexico. The pathogens were not found in a survey of conifer forests in Wyoming and the Black Hills of South Dakota. Historical records of annosus root disease are reviewed by host group to gain more insight into the potential distributions of the respective pathogens. An apparent lack of overlap in host range suggests that substitution of tree species may be a useful management approach in some cases. C1 [Worrall, James J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. [Harrington, Thomas C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Blodgett, James T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. [Conklin, David A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. [Fairweather, Mary Lou] US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Worrall, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. EM jworrall@fs.fed.us RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0115 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600017 ER PT J AU Koike, ST Tian, T Liu, HY AF Koike, S. T. Tian, T. Liu, H. -Y. TI First Report of Tobacco rattle virus in Spinach in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [Tian, T.] Plant Pest Diagnost Ctr, Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Liu, H. -Y.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, 1432 Abbott St, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 125 EP 125 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0125B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600020 ER PT J AU Keith, L Sugiyama, L Nagao, M AF Keith, L. Sugiyama, L. Nagao, M. TI Macadamia Quick Decline Caused by Phytophthora tropicalis is Associated with Sap Bleeding, Frass, and Nectria in Hawaii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Keith, L.; Sugiyama, L.] ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. [Nagao, M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hilo, HI USA. RP Keith, L (reprint author), ARS, Trop Plant Genet Resource Management Unit, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 128 EP 128 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0128B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600029 ER PT J AU Koike, ST Martin, FN AF Koike, S. T. Martin, Frank N. TI First Report of Phytophthora Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora cryptogea on Spinach in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Koike, S. T.] Univ California Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. [Martin, Frank N.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Koike, ST (reprint author), Univ California Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 131 EP 131 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0131B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600037 ER PT J AU Wechter, WP Keinath, AP Farnham, MW Smith, JP AF Wechter, W. P. Keinath, A. P. Farnham, M. W. Smith, J. P. TI First Report of Bacterial Leaf Blight on Broccoli and Cabbage Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. alisalensis in South Carolina SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Wechter, W. P.; Farnham, M. W.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Keinath, A. P.] Clemson Univ, CREC, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Smith, J. P.] Clemson Univ, Cooperat Extens Serv, Lexington, SC 29072 USA. RP Wechter, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 132 EP 133 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0132C PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600041 ER PT J AU Handoo, ZA Skantar, AM Mulrooney, RP AF Handoo, Z. A. Skantar, A. M. Mulrooney, R. P. TI First Report of the Sting Nematode Belonolaimus longicaudatus on Soybean in Delaware SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Handoo, Z. A.; Skantar, A. M.] ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Mulrooney, R. P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Handoo, ZA (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1 BP 133 EP 133 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-1-0133B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 534YD UT WOS:000272932600043 ER PT J AU Huebner, CD Gottschalk, KW Miller, GW Brose, PH AF Huebner, Cynthia D. Gottschalk, Kurt W. Miller, Gary W. Brose, Patrick H. TI Restoration of three forest herbs in the Liliaceae family by manipulating deer herbivory and overstorey and understorey vegetation SO PLANT ECOLOGY & DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Dennstaedtia punctilobula; deer herbivory; fire; fruit production; herbicide; Medeola virginiana; Northern hardwood forests; shelterwood; Trillium undulatum; Uvularia sessilifolia ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TRILLIUM-GRANDIFLORUM LILIACEAE; MEDEOLA-VIRGINIANA CLONES; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; RED OAK; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; ROOT COMPETITION; PRESCRIBED FIRE AB Background: Research on herbaceous vegetation restoration in forests characterised by overstorey tree harvests, excessive deer herbivory, and a dominant fern understorey is lacking. Most of the plant diversity found in Eastern hardwood forests in the United States is found in the herbaceous understorey layer. Loss of forest herbaceous species is an indicator of declining forest conditions. Aims: The combined effects of deer herbivory, competitive understorey vegetation removal, and overstorey tree removal on the abundance and reproductive capacity of three understorey herbs in the Liliaceae family were evaluated. Methods: A split-plot randomised block design was used with three replicates. Treatments included three harvest intensities, fenced/unfenced, herbicide/no herbicide-treated, prescribed burn/no prescribed burn, and all combinations. A generalised linear model was used to compare treatment effects over 8 years. Results: Both fruit production and cover increased significantly in fenced areas for all three species. There was a significant 6-year recovery period for cover of the three species in response to herbicide. There was a significant 4-year recovery period of fire-treated plots for fruit production of the three species. The most intensively cut, fenced, and herbicide-treated plots had the greatest increases in sapling and Rubus spp. cover. Cover and fruit production of the three herbs were significantly greatest in the moderate-cut treatment. Conclusions: Restoration of these three liliaceous species is most likely to occur in Eastern deciduous forests and similar forests using a combined fenced and moderate-cut treatment. C1 [Huebner, Cynthia D.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Miller, Gary W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Brose, Patrick H.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Irvine, CA USA. RP Huebner, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM chuebner@fs.fed.us FU Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry [99-CC-NE-0017, 04-CO-11242347-002, 09-CO-112422-303] FX We thank the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry for funding this project (agreement numbers 99-CC-NE-0017, 04-CO-11242347-002, and 09-CO-112422-303). We also thank Heather Smith, Dave Feicht, Brian Simpson, John Juracko, and 32 temporary biological technicians for their help setting up the plots, maintaining the plots, collecting the field data, and entering the data. We also thank Joanne Rebbeck and Bob Long for use of the greenhouse facilities. We appreciate the comments and help of Laszlo Nagy and three anonymous reviewers. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1755-0874 J9 PLANT ECOL DIVERS JI Plant Ecol. Divers. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1080/17550874.2010.546814 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 735RV UT WOS:000288435700005 ER PT J AU Saltzmann, KD Giovanini, MP Ohm, HW Williams, CE AF Saltzmann, Kurt D. Giovanini, Marcelo P. Ohm, Herbert W. Williams, Christie E. TI Transcript profiles of two wheat lipid transfer protein-encoding genes are altered during attack by Hessian fly larvae SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lipid transfer protein; Gall midge; Mayetiola destructor; Wheat; Triticum aestivum; Compatible interaction; Insect resistance ID RESISTANCE GENE; PLANT DEFENSE; EXPRESSION; CECIDOMYIIDAE; VIRULENT; DIPTERA; BINDING; LECTIN; INFESTATION; RESPONSES AB A sequence encoding a putative type-1 lipid transfer protein from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) was identified through 'GeneCalling', an mRNA profiling technology. The mRNA for the Hfr-LTP (Hessian fly-responsive lipid transfer protein) gene decreased in abundance (196-fold) in susceptible wheat plants over the first eight days of attack by virulent Hessian fly larvae (Mayetiola destructor Say). Hfr-LTP encodes a putative protein containing eight cysteine residues that are conserved among plant LTPs and are responsible for correct protein folding through formation of disulfide bridges. Twelve hydrophobic amino acids in addition to arginine, glycine, proline, serine, threonine and tyrosine, plus an LTP signature sequence were present in conserved positions. A highly conserved signal peptide sequence was also present. Although attack by one virulent larva was sufficient to cause a decrease in Hfr-LTP mRNA abundance, higher infestation levels led to near silencing of the gene. Hfr-LTP transcript levels were not affected by other biotic factors (feeding by bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L, and fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) or abiotic factors tested (mechanical wounding or treatment with abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, or salicylic acid). Comparison to a previously described Hessian fly-responsive wheat UP gene, TaLTP3, confirmed an initial increase in TaLTP3 mRNA in resistant plants. However, when quantified through eight days after egg hatch, responsiveness to infestation level and a marked decrease in susceptible plant TaLTP3 mRNA abundance were detected, as was seen for Hfr-LTP. Possible functions of LTP gene products in wheat-Hessian fly interactions are discussed. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Williams, Christie E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Saltzmann, Kurt D.; Williams, Christie E.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Giovanini, Marcelo P.; Ohm, Herbert W.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, USDA ARS, 901 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM christie.williams@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [3602-22000-016-D]; CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) at the Ministry of Education of Brazil FX This work is a joint contribution by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Purdue University. Research was supported by USDA CRIS number 3602-22000-016-D. M. P. Giovanini received a research fellowship from the CAPES program (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior) at the Ministry of Education of Brazil. This publication is Purdue University agricultural experiment station journal article number 2008-18364. The authors wish to thank Jill Nemacheck (USDA-ARS) for assistance with plant growth, tissue collection and qRT-PCR, Cheng Zheng (Department of Statistics, Purdue University) for conducting statistical analysis of the qRT-PCR data and Sue Cambron (USDA-ARS) for maintaining Hessian fly stocks used in this study. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2009.10.004 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 553ZC UT WOS:000274404300008 PM 19914842 ER PT S AU Van Eck, J Zhou, XJ Lu, S Li, L AF Van Eck, Joyce Zhou, Xiangjun Lu, Shan Li, Li BE FettNeto, AG TI Modulation of Carotenoid Accumulation in Transgenic Potato by Inducing Chromoplast Formation with Enhanced Sink Strength SO PLANT SECONDARY METABOLISM ENGINEERING: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Cauliflower Or gene; carotenoids; chromoplasts; transgenic potato; sink strength ID GOLDEN RICE; CAULIFLOWER; BIOSYNTHESIS; BOTRYTIS; MUTATION AB An increasing interest in carotenoids as nutritional sources of provitamin A and health-promoting compounds has prompted a significant effort in metabolic engineering of carotenoid content and composition in food crops. The strategy commonly used in plants is to increase the biosynthetic capacity by altering the carotenogenic enzyme activities. The recent isolation of the Or gene from a cauliflower orange mutant has brought a new endeavor for carotenoid enhancement by increasing the sink strength to sequester and store the synthesized carotenoids. Potato as one of the major staple crops usually accumulates low levels of carotenoids. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for metabolic engineering of carotenoids in potato plants with the Or gene and the analysis of the Or transformants. C1 [Van Eck, Joyce] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhou, Xiangjun] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Lu, Shan] Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Van Eck, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Lu, Shan/C-3530-2012 OI Lu, Shan/0000-0002-9358-6121 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-722-8 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 643 BP 77 EP 93 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-723-5_6 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BOY60 UT WOS:000278067800006 PM 20552445 ER PT J AU Ramos, SJ Faquin, V Guilherme, LRG Castro, EM Avila, FW Carvalho, GS Bastos, CEA Oliveira, C AF Ramos, S. J. Faquin, V. Guilherme, L. R. G. Castro, E. M. Avila, F. W. Carvalho, G. S. Bastos, C. E. A. Oliveira, C. TI Selenium biofortification and antioxidant activity in lettuce plants fed with selenate and selenite SO PLANT SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE selenate; selenite; antioxidant enzymes; biofortification ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; WHEAT; SE; FERTILIZATION; SPECIATION; TRANSPORT; SEEDLINGS; RYEGRASS; ACID; H2O2 AB Selenium is an important element associated with enhancement of antioxidant activity in plants, microorganisms, animals, and humans. In Brazil, the information on Se in agricultural crops is lacking, though there are indications that low levels of Se are consumed by the population. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with pots containing 3 1 of nutritive solution in a completely randomized factorial design, with seven Se concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mu mol/l) and two forms of Se (sodium selenate - Na2SeO4 and sodium selenite - Na2SeO3), with six replicates. The application of Se as selenate at low concentrations is more appropriate for lettuce biofortification because it favors shoot biomass growth and Se levels in the shoot biomass. Selenium in both forms had two effects on lettuce plant metabolism: at low doses it acted as an antioxidant and enhanced plant growth, whereas at higher levels it reduced yield. C1 [Ramos, S. J.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ramos, S. J.; Faquin, V.; Guilherme, L. R. G.; Avila, F. W.; Carvalho, G. S.; Bastos, C. E. A.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Soil Sci, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Castro, E. M.; Oliveira, C.] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Biol, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. RP Ramos, SJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM silviojramos@gmail.com RI Avila, Fabricio/B-4910-2014; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto/B-3998-2009; Castro, Evaristo/N-2137-2015 OI Avila, Fabricio/0000-0003-0301-2720; Guilherme, Luiz Roberto/0000-0002-5387-6028; FU National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil); Foundation to Support Research of Minas Gerais State (FAPEMIG-Brazil) FX Supported by the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil), and by the Foundation to Support Research of Minas Gerais State (FAPEMIG-Brazil). NR 30 TC 29 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 34 PU CZECH ACADEMY AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES PI PRAGUE PA TESNOV 17, PRAGUE, 00000, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 1214-1178 J9 PLANT SOIL ENVIRON JI Plant Soil Environ. PY 2010 VL 56 IS 12 BP 584 EP 588 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 702RG UT WOS:000285911200007 ER PT S AU Oliver, MJ Cushman, JC Koster, KL AF Oliver, Melvin J. Cushman, John C. Koster, Karen L. BE Sunkar, R TI Dehydration Tolerance in Plants SO PLANT STRESS TOLERANCE: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Dehydration; desiccation; drought; gene expression; LEA proteins; carbohydrates; ROS ID EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT PROTEIN; GRASS SPOROBOLUS-STAPFIANUS; OXIDATIVE STRESS TOLERANCE; ABSCISIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; MEMBRANE PHASE-TRANSITION; LENGTH CDNA MICROARRAY; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; CRATEROSTIGMA-PLANTAGINEUM; DROUGHT TOLERANCE; ABIOTIC STRESS AB Dehydration tolerance in plants is an important but understudied component Of the complex phenotype of drought tolerance. Most plants have little capacity to tolerate dehydration; most die at leaf water potentials between -5 and -10 MPa. Some of the non-vascular plants and a small percentage (0.2%) of vascular plants, however, can survive dehydration to -100 MPa and beyond, and it is from studying such plants that we are starting to understand the components of dehydration tolerance in plants. In this chapter we define what dehydration tolerance is and how it can be assessed, important prerequisites to understanding the response of a plant to water loss. The metabolic and mechanical consequences of cellular dehydration in plants prelude a discussion on the role that gene expression responses play in tolerance mechanisms. We finally discuss the key biochemical aspects of tolerance focusing on the roles of carbohydrates, late embryogenesis abundant and heat shock proteins, reactive oxygen scavenging (ROS) pathways, and novel transcription factors. It is clear that we are making significant advances in our understanding of dehydration tolerance and the added stimulus anew model systems will speed our abilities to impact the search for new strategies to improve drought tolerance in major crops. C1 [Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Cushman, John C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Koster, Karen L.] Univ S Dakota, Dept Biol, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA. RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Koster, Karen/0000-0002-0462-7244 NR 153 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-701-3 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 639 BP 3 EP 24 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-702-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-702-0 PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA BOZ44 UT WOS:000278106400001 PM 20387037 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ML Zarnowski, R AF Sullivan, Michael L. Zarnowski, Robert TI Red clover coumarate 3'-hydroxylase (CYP98A44) is capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-shikimate but not p-coumaroyl-malate: implications for the biosynthesis of phaselic acid SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE p-Coumarate 3 '-hydroxylase; Cytochrome P450; o-Diphenol; Phaselic acid; Phenylpropanoid; Forages ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; CHLOROGENIC ACID; HYDROXYCINNAMOYL TRANSFERASE; PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY; RAPHANUS-SATIVUS; DOWN-REGULATION; FORAGE QUALITY; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; ALFALFA AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense) leaves accumulate several mu mol of phaselic acid [2-O-caffeoyl-l-malate] per gram fresh weight. Post-harvest oxidation of such o-diphenols to o-quinones by endogenous polyphenol oxidases (PPO) prevents breakdown of forage protein during storage. Forages like alfalfa (Medicago sativa) lack both foliar PPO activity and o-diphenols. Consequently, breakdown of their protein upon harvest and storage results in economic losses and release of excess nitrogen into the environment. Understanding how red clover synthesizes o-diphenols such as phaselic acid will help in the development of forages utilizing this natural system of protein protection. We have proposed biosynthetic pathways in red clover for phaselic acid that involve a specific hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:malate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase. It is unclear whether the transfer reaction to malate to form phaselic acid involves caffeic acid or p-coumaric acid and subsequent hydroxylation of the resulting p-coumaroyl-malate. The latter would require a coumarate 3'-hydroxylase (C3'H) capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-malate, an activity not previously described. Here, a cytochrome P450 C3'H (CYP98A44) was identified and its gene cloned from red clover. CYP98A44 shares 96 and 79% amino acid identity with Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis thaliana C3'H proteins that are capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-shikimate and have been implicated in monolignol biosynthesis. CYP98A44 mRNA is expressed in stems and flowers and to a lesser extent in leaves. Immune serum raised against CYP98A44 recognizes a membrane-associated protein in red clover stems and leaves and cross-reacts with C3'H proteins from other species. CYP98A44 expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-shikimate, but not p-coumaroyl-malate. This finding indicates that in red clover, phaselic acid is likely formed by transfer of a caffeoyl moiety to malic acid, although the existence of a second C3'H capable of hydroxylating p-coumaroyl-malate cannot be definitively ruled out. C1 [Sullivan, Michael L.; Zarnowski, Robert] ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sullivan, ML (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, 1925 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM michael.sullivan@ars.usda.gov RI Zarnowski, Robert/A-2786-2009; OI Zarnowski, Robert/0000-0001-6343-1500; Sullivan, Michael/0000-0002-8517-4493 FU US Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative Competitive [2009-35318-05048] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service-National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (Grant no. 2009-35318-05048). We wish to thank Sara Zerbel, Lisa Koch, and Kendal Cooper for excellent technical assistance; Paul Schatz and John Ralph for providing hydroxycinnamoyl ester standards; Clint Chapple, Jing-Ke Weng, Dave Gang, and Anna Berim for providing P450 microsome samples; Philippe Urban and Denis Pompon for providing pYeDP60 and WAT11; Sheryl Rakowski and Marcin Filutowicz for access to ultracentrifugation equipment; and Jane Marita and Ron HatWeld for technical advice and helpful discussions regarding this work. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JAN PY 2010 VL 231 IS 2 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s00425-009-1054-8 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 538HT UT WOS:000273175900009 PM 19921248 ER PT B AU Pollegioni, P Woeste, K Olimpieri, I Ducci, F Malvolti, ME AF Pollegioni, Paola Woeste, Keith Olimpieri, Irene Ducci, Fulvio Malvolti, Maria Emilia BE Kaiser, BJ TI POLLEN BIOLOGY AND HYBRIDIZATION PROCESS: OPEN PROBLEM IN WALNUT SO POLLEN: STRUCTURE, TYPES AND EFFECTS SE Environmental Science Engineering and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE J x intermedia; Persian walnut; black walnut; hybrid ID JUGLANS-REGIA L.; PISTILLATE FLOWER ABSCISSION; BLACK-WALNUT; TUBE GROWTH; IN-VITRO; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; PERSIAN WALNUT; JUGLANDACEAE AB This review focuses on the pollen biology of Juglans, and in particular Juglans nigra (Eastern Black walnut) and Juglans regia (Persian or English walnut), which are economically important species in Europe, Asia and North America. Both species are monoecious, heterodichogamous and wind -pollinated Their mating system is predominantly outcrossing, although under particular environmental conditions self-pollination is possible. Hybrids between the two species, Juglans x intermedia (Carr) can occur naturally, although they often have reduced fecundity. Compared to the parental species, most J x mtermedia (J nigra x J. regia) hybrids show increased vegetative vigor, distinct disease resistance, high wood quality, and greater winter-hardiness. For these reasons here is great demand for J. x intermedia for forestry, especially in Northern Europe. We review several aspects of Juglans pollen biology that frustrate the production of J x inntemedia and limit the progress of researchers and plant breeders who work with this genus. We also discuss the ways in which scientists and breeders are working to overcome problems related to pollen storage and viability testing, pistillate flower abscission (PFA), fertilization and embryogenesis in Juglans, and the use of microsatellites to monitor gene flow, ploidy, parentage, and hybridogenesis all with an eye toward practical solutions to the current shortage of J x intermedia for research and applied forestry. C1 [Pollegioni, Paola; Olimpieri, Irene; Malvolti, Maria Emilia] CNR, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, Porano, Terni, Italy. [Woeste, Keith] Purdue Univ, USDA Forest Serv, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, Lafayette, IN USA. [Ducci, Fulvio] CRA Res Ctr Silviculture, Arezzo, Italy. RP Pollegioni, P (reprint author), CNR, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, Porano, Terni, Italy. OI Ducci, Fulvio/0000-0003-2686-9540 NR 129 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-61668-669-7 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG TECH PY 2010 BP 65 EP 99 PG 35 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQQ16 UT WOS:000281527000002 ER PT J AU White, CC Hunston, DL Williams, RS AF White, C. C. Hunston, D. L. Williams, R. S. TI Studies on the Effect of Movement During the Cure on the Mechanical Properties of a Silicone Building Joint Sealant SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RUBBER DOUBLE NETWORKS; FLORY-REHNER HYPOTHESIS; NATURAL-RUBBER; ELASTOMERIC CYLINDER; UNIAXIAL EXTENSION; HOLLOW SPHERES; PERMANENT SET; MOISTURE CURE; ELASTICITY; BEHAVIOR AB A novel sealant testing device was used to continuously monitor the mechanical properties of a one-part silicone sealant for movement cycles initiated from 10 to 168 h after sample creation. These cure times fall between the proposed RILEM TC-139 technical recommendation of 5 min and the ASTM C719 standard of 21 days. At 10 h of cure, enough crosslinking occurred before testing such that neither the overall movement history of the sample nor the deformation step shapes affected subsequent curing of the sealant. A critical parameter for sealant performance appears to be the extent of cure at the onset of movement. POLYM. ENG. SCL, 50:113-119, 2010. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [White, C. C.; Hunston, D. L.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20816 USA. [Williams, R. S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20816 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 DI 10.1002/pen.21518 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 540HY UT WOS:000273323400014 ER PT B AU Janisiewicz, WJ AF Janisiewicz, Wojciech J. BE Prusky, D Gullino, ML TI Quo Vadis of Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases SO POSTHARVEST PATHOLOGY SE Plant Pathology in the 21st Century LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress of Plant Pathology CY AUG 24-29, 2008 CL Turin, ITALY DE Biocontrol; Biocontrol products; Emerging biocontrol; Postharvest decay ID GOLDEN-DELICIOUS APPLES; BIOCONTROL AGENT; PICHIA-ANOMALA; MUSCODOR-ALBUS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; AIRTIGHT CONDITIONS; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; HEAT-TREATMENT; BROWN-ROT; FRUIT AB Research on Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases (BCPD) has been conducted for over two decades and successes, present and future direction are being discussed. The BCPB has been accepted by the fruit and vegetable industry as the stand alone or in combination with other commercial treatments, depending on fruit and vegetable. BioSave has been on the market since 1996, and its use is expanding to control more postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. World-wide efforts in developing BCPD resulted in the registration of more products recently. The number of scientific publications is also increasing steadily. As postharvest biocontrol products are coming to the market, their anticipated limitations are become apparent, and much of the current research is focused on addressing these limitations. Combining antagonists with various substances Generally Regarded as Safe (GRASS), such as sodium bicarbonate, calcium chloride, diluted ethanol, or with physical treatments such as heat, or UV irradiation are typical examples of approaches being used. A mixture of two compatible biocontrol agents often showed an additive or synergistic effect in controlling fruit decays. Biocontrol agents developed for the control of fruit decays have also been shown to inhibit growth of foodborne human pathogens. This aspect gains in importance as new outbreaks are reported with increasing frequency, and fresh cut fruit and vegetables are particularly vulnerable to colonization by foodborne pathogens. Biocontrol agents can also control decays originating from wounds made during mechanical harvesting of fruits. Currently, available biocontrol products were developed for the control of decays originating from the infection of fruit wounds, but the next greatest challenge for BCPD research is the development of the next generation of biocontrol products that control latent infections. Many important diseases of temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit, including those caused by Monillinia spp. and Colletotrichum spp.., originate from these infections in the orchard and cause decay on fruits in storage. This research requires broadening the pool of microorganisms screened for biological control activity to include, in addition to those occurring naturally on fruit, microorganisms from different plants and plant parts, as well as microorganisms from different habitats. Some programs are already focusing in this direction, and there is great hope and optimism that at the next ISPP Congress in 2013 in Beijing, we will have reports on the significant progress in this area. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wojciech.janisiewicz@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-8929-9 J9 PLANT PATH 21ST PY 2010 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8930-5_10 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BOB99 UT WOS:000276149800010 ER PT B AU Northcutt, JK Buhr, RJ AF Northcutt, Julie K. Buhr, R. Jeff BE Owens, CM Alvarado, CZ Sams, AR TI Preslaughter factors affecting poultry meat quality SO POULTRY MEAT PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIGESTIVE-TRACT CONTENTS; LOWER BACTERIAL NUMBERS; FEED WITHDRAWAL TIME; BROILER-CHICKENS; FECAL CONTAMINATION; LIVE SHRINK; BREAST MEAT; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; PROCESSING YIELD; WATER WITHDRAWAL C1 [Northcutt, Julie K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Buhr, R. Jeff] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, RB Russell Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8216-0; 978-1-4200-9189-2 PY 2010 BP 5 EP 24 D2 10.1201/b15805 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BC9MQ UT WOS:000356623100003 ER PT B AU Lyon, BG Lyon, CE Meullenet, JF Lee, YS AF Lyon, Brenda G. Lyon, Clyde E. Meullenet, Jean-Francois Lee, Young S. BE Owens, CM Alvarado, CZ Sams, AR TI Meat quality Sensory and instrumental evaluations SO POULTRY MEAT PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BROILER BREAST MEAT; ALLO-KRAMER SHEAR; TEXTURE PROFILE; WARNER-BRATZLER; DEBONED POULTRY; CHICKEN MEAT; TENDERNESS; FILLETS; TIME; VALUES C1 [Lyon, Brenda G.; Lyon, Clyde E.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Meullenet, Jean-Francois] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Lee, Young S.] Nong Shim Co Ltd, Seoul, South Korea. NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8216-0; 978-1-4200-9189-2 PY 2010 BP 125 EP 155 D2 10.1201/b15805 PG 31 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BC9MQ UT WOS:000356623100008 ER PT B AU Hargis, BM Caldwell, DJ Byrd, JA AF Hargis, Billy M. Caldwell, David J. Byrd, J. Allen BE Owens, CM Alvarado, CZ Sams, AR TI Microbiological pathogens Live poultry considerations SO POULTRY MEAT PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM VACCINE; ENTERITIDIS CECAL COLONIZATION; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION CULTURE; PRESLAUGHTER FEED WITHDRAWAL; COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS; DRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS C1 [Hargis, Billy M.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Caldwell, David J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Caldwell, David J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. [Byrd, J. Allen] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Southern Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 109 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-8216-0; 978-1-4200-9189-2 PY 2010 BP 157 EP 174 D2 10.1201/b15805 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BC9MQ UT WOS:000356623100009 ER PT J AU Kim, ES Hong, YH Lillehoj, HS AF Kim, E. -S. Hong, Y. H. Lillehoj, H. S. TI Genetic effects analysis of myeloid leukemia factor 2 and T cell receptor-beta on resistance to coccidiosis in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE single nucleotide polymorphism; T cell receptor-beta; myeloid leukemia factor 2; lymphotactin; disease resistance ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; EIMERIA-MAXIMA; CANDIDATE GENES; EARLY GROWTH; EPISTASIS; ASSOCIATION; ACERVULINA; INFECTION; TENELLA AB Associations between the parameters of resistance to coccidiosis and SNP in 3 candidate genes located on chromosome 1 [T cell receptor-beta (TCR-beta), myeloid leukemia factor 2 (MLF2), and lymphotactin] were determined. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 24 F(1) generation and 290 F(2) generation birds. Four SNP were identified in the lymphotactin gene, 12 were located in the TCR-beta gene, and 4 in the MLF2 gene. At various times after experimental infection of the F(2) generation with Eimeria maxima, BW, fecal oocyst shedding, and biochemical parameters were measured as parameters of coccidiosis resistance. Single marker association test was applied to determine the associations between the 20 SNP and the parameters of coccidiosis resistance. The maximum additive genetic effect on disease resistance of an SNP in MLF2 was explained by BW (P - 0.0002). The SNP in MLF2 significantly associated with BW was also associated with fecal oocyst shedding (P - 0.001). Four SNP associated with oocyst shedding were found within the coding region of TCR-beta (P < 0.05). Although none of the lymphotactin SNP were associated with oocyst shedding, interferon-gamma level was associated with 2 SNP in lymphotactin. These results suggest that the SNP in the MLF2 gene can be one of the markers to select coccidiosis resistance in chickens. C1 [Lillehoj, H. S.] USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Kim, E. -S.] USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hong, Y. H.] Chung Ang Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Technol, Seoul 456756, South Korea. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative (NRI) of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35204-14798] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative (NRI) of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service ( NRI grant no. 2004-35204-14798). NR 38 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00351 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 537WC UT WOS:000273144000006 PM 20008798 ER PT J AU Kim, DK Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Jang, SI Bravo, D AF Kim, D. K. Lillehoj, H. S. Lee, S. H. Jang, S. I. Bravo, D. TI High-throughput gene expression analysis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes after oral feeding of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, or Capsicum oleoresin SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chicken; microarray; gene expression; metabolism ID EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; ACTIVE SUBSTANCES; DIETARY CAPSAICIN; GLYCOPROTEIN-IV; CDNA MICROARRAY; PLANT-EXTRACTS; IN-VITRO; CD36; CHICKEN; RECEPTOR AB Among dietary phytonutrients, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, and Capsicum oleoresin are well known for their antiinflammatory and antibiotic effects in human and veterinary medicine. To further define the molecular and genetic mechanisms responsible for these properties, broiler chickens were fed a standard diet supplemented with either of the 3 phytochemicals and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes were examined for changes in gene expression by microarray analysis. When compared with chickens fed a nonsupplemented standard diet, carvacrol-fed chickens showed altered expression of 74 genes (26 upregulated, 48 downregulated) and cinnamaldehyde led to changes in the levels of mRNAs corresponding to 62 genes (31 upregulated, 31 downregulated). Most changes in gene expression were seen in the Capsicum-fed broilers with 98 upregulated and 156 downregulated genes compared with untreated controls. Results from the microarray analysis were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR with a subset of selected genes. Among the genes that showed >2.0-fold altered mRNA levels, most were associated with metabolic pathways. In particular, with the genes altered by Capsicum oleoresin, the highest scored molecular network included genes associated with lipid metabolism, small molecule biochemistry, and cancer. In conclusion, this study provides a foundation to further investigate specific chicken genes that are expressed in response to a diet containing carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, or Capsicum oleoresin. C1 [Kim, D. K.; Lillehoj, H. S.; Lee, S. H.; Jang, S. I.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Bravo, D.] Pancosma SA, CH-1218 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00275 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 537WC UT WOS:000273144000012 PM 20008804 ER PT J AU Northcutt, JK Smith, D AF Northcutt, J. K. Smith, D. TI Microbiological and chemical analyses of ice collected from a commercial poultry processing establishment SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE poultry processing ice; water reuse; ice microbiology; ice chemistry ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; WATER; QUALITY; DRINKS; RETAIL; FOOD AB A study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological and chemical characteristics of ice collected from a commercial poultry further processing facility. During each of 3 visits, the following ice samples were collected: 1) freshly prepared, unused ice; 2) product-contact ice from ice-packed poultry parts; 3) product-contact ice from ice-packed poultry that had been visibly inspected and condemned as not for reuse; and 4) product-contact ice from ice-packed poultry that had passed visible inspection and had been prepared for reuse by washing (rinse with potable water and drain). The overall pattern for lowest to highest numbers of total aerobic microorganisms, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacteriaceae was as follows: unused ice < washed ice < product-contact ice < condemned ice. Mean levels of total aerobic microorganisms, coliforms, and Enterobacteriaceae in the unused ice were 0.3, 0.4, and 0.4 log(10) cfu/mL, respectively. No E. coli was detected in the unused or washed ice, and levels were 0.5 and 1.5 log(10) cfu/mL in the product-contact and condemned ice samples, respectively. Mean levels of bacteria enumerated in condemned ice were 0.8, 1.0, and 0.6 log(10) cfu/mL higher than the levels of bacteria found in product-contact ice for coliforms, E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. Washing and draining the product-contact ice decreased counts by 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, and 1.7 log(10) cfu/mL for total aerobic microorganisms, coliforms, E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. All of the ice samples had similar pH values (pH 6.1 to 6.4). Unused and washed ice were not significantly different for total solids, total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand. Condemned ice contained the highest concentration of total solids, total suspended solids, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand, with levels more than 3 times that found in product contact ice. Data from the present study demonstrate that visible contamination in ice corresponds with increased microbiological and chemical contamination. Product-contact ice may be washed and the washing procedure can reduce the bacterial, solids, nitrogen, and organic loads. C1 [Northcutt, J. K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Smith, D.] USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Northcutt, JK (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Box 340316, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM JKNORTH@clemson.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00205 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 537WC UT WOS:000273144000020 PM 20008812 ER PT J AU Caudill, AB Curtis, PA Anderson, KE Kerth, LK Oyarazabal, O Jones, DR Musgrove, MT AF Caudill, A. B. Curtis, P. A. Anderson, K. E. Kerth, L. K. Oyarazabal, O. Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. TI The effects of commercial cool water washing of shell eggs on Haugh unit, vitelline membrane strength, aerobic microorganisms, and fungi SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shell egg; cool wash; egg quality; bacteria; fungi ID EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED EGGS; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; NATIONAL SUPERMARKETS; EXTENDED STORAGE; QUALITY; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; CONTAMINATION; HENS; AGE AB Current egg washing practices use wash water temperatures averaging 49 C and have been found to increase internal egg temperature by 6.7 to 7.8 degrees C. These high temperatures create a more optimal environment for bacterial growth, including Salmonella Enteritidis if it is present. Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common human pathogen associated with shell eggs and egg products. Its growth is inhibited at temperatures of 7.2 degrees C and below. The objective of this study was to determine if commercially washing eggs in cool water would aid in quickly reducing internal egg temperature, preserving interior egg quality, and slowing microbial growth. During 3 consecutive days, eggs were washed using 4 dual-tank wash water temperature schemes (HH = 49 degrees C, 49 degrees C; HC = 49 degrees C, 24 degrees C; CC = 24 degrees C, 24 degrees C; CH = 24 degrees C, 49 degrees C) at 2 commercial processing facilities. A 10-wk storage study followed, in which vitelline membrane strength, Haugh unit, and aerobic microorganisms and fungi (yeasts and molds) were monitored weekly. As storage time progressed, average Haugh unit values declined 14.8%, the average force required to rupture the vitelline membrane decreased 20.6%, average numbers of bacteria present on shell surfaces decreased 11.3%, and bacteria present in egg contents increased 39.5% during storage. Wash water temperature did not significantly affect Haugh unit values, vitelline membrane strength, or the numbers of aerobic microorganisms and fungi within the shell matrices of processed eggs. Results of this study indicate that incorporating cool water into commercial shell egg processing, while maintaining a pH of 10 to 12, lowers postprocessing egg temperatures and allows for more rapid cooling, without causing a decline in egg quality or increasing the presence of aerobic microorganisms and fungi for approximately 5 wk postprocessing. C1 [Caudill, A. B.; Curtis, P. A.; Kerth, L. K.; Oyarazabal, O.] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Curtis, PA (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM Pat_Curtis@auburn.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (Athens, GA) and the National Alliance for Food Safety and Security (Raleigh, NC) [58-6612-2-215] FX This research project was funded through a cooperative agreement ( agreement number 58-6612-2-215) between the USDA Agricultural Research Service (Athens, GA) and the National Alliance for Food Safety and Security (Raleigh, NC). NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 160 EP 168 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00316 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 537WC UT WOS:000273144000022 PM 20008814 ER PT J AU Smith, DP AF Smith, D. P. TI Sampling method and location affect recovery of coliforms and Escherichia coli from broiler carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler carcass; coliform; Escherichia coli; sampling method; location difference ID POULTRY CARCASSES; BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN CARCASSES; TURKEY CARCASSES; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; SKIN; COUNTS; SITES; SWAB AB Two experiments were conducted, the first to determine whether numbers of recovered bacteria differed due to sampling method used or due to location on carcass sampled (breast or leg quarters) and the second to determine if numbers of bacteria differed between the front (ventral) and back (dorsal) side of the carcass. In both experiments, eviscerated broiler carcasses were obtained from a commercial processing plant just before the final inside-outside bird washer. In experiment 1, carcasses (3 in each of 4 replicate trials) were separated into leg quarters and breast quarters (n = 48) and either rinsed or ground and stomached for microbiological sampling. In experiment 2, for 3 replicate trials of 4 carcasses each, necks, wings, and legs were manually removed; the remaining trunks were cut through the sides to produce front ( ventral) and back ( dorsal) halves (n - 24); and then rinsed. For both experiments, coliforms and Escherichia coli were enumerated. In experiment 1, significantly higher numbers ( P < 0.05) of coliforms and E. coli were recovered by rinsing than by grinding from both breast and leg quarters. Leg quarters were found to have higher bacterial numbers than breasts from grind samples, but no quarter differences were found for rinse samples. In experiment 2, higher ( P < 0.05) numbers of coliforms and E. coli were recovered from the dorsal carcass half compared with the ventral half. Bacterial counts of broiler carcasses are affected by both the sampling method used and by carcass location sampled. C1 [Smith, D. P.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Smith, DP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM doug.smith@ncsu.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00414 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 537WC UT WOS:000273144000023 PM 20008815 ER PT B AU Willers, JL Riggins, JJ AF Willers, Jeffrey L. Riggins, John J. BE Oerke, EC Gerhards, R Menz, G Sikora, RA TI Geographical Approaches for Integrated Pest Management of Arthropods in Forestry and Row Crops SO PRECISION CROP PROTECTION - THE CHALLENGE AND USE OF HETEROGENEITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; BIOMASS ESTIMATION; COTTON; INDEXES; REFLECTANCE; DECLINE; DAMAGE; PINE AB With the proper technology and access to geographical information, it is more important to spend time developing an excellent classification scheme of a remotely sensed attribute of crop and forest vigor than to spend that time collecting multiple samples of insect counts. The ability to define zones from remote sensing images of crop or forest systems provides a vastly improved capacity to assess the sample variability of insect counts. Perspectives on defining zones from remote sensing information, including an examination of some relationships between these zones and insect sample counts, are discussed. C1 [Willers, Jeffrey L.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Riggins, John J.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Willers, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jeffrey.willers@ars.usda.gov; jriggins@entomology.msstate.edu NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9276-2 PY 2010 BP 183 EP 202 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9_12 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9 PG 20 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BQP86 UT WOS:000281513700012 ER PT B AU Mueller, JD Khalilian, A Monfort, WS Davis, RF Kirkpatrick, TL Ortiz, BV Henderson, WG AF Mueller, John D. Khalilian, Ahmad Monfort, W. Scott Davis, Richard F. Kirkpatrick, Terrence L. Ortiz, Brenda V. Henderson, William G. BE Oerke, EC Gerhards, R Menz, G Sikora, RA TI Site-Specific Detection and Management of Nematodes SO PRECISION CROP PROTECTION - THE CHALLENGE AND USE OF HETEROGENEITY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; POPULATION-DENSITIES; HOPLOLAIMUS-COLUMBUS; SOIL TEXTURE; COTTON; YIELD; VARIABILITY; FIELDS; ZONES AB Nematode distribution varies significantly throughout a field and is highly correlated to soil texture and other edaphic factors. Field-wide application results in nematicides being applied to areas without nematodes and the application of sub-effective levels in areas with high nematode densities. Efforts to use grid maps as a guide to site-specific application have proven to be too expensive to be cost effective. Recently, the availability of GPS-GIS has allowed the use of soil electrical conductivity systems to rapidly and inexpensively develop cost effective soil texture maps. These maps are used to project where nematodes are likely to occur within a field. Variable-rate application systems for granular and fumigant nematicides have been developed and tied via software to soil texture maps providing a mechanism for the effective delivery of nematicides in a site-specific, variable-rate manner in individual fields. Efforts in South Carolina, Georgia, and Arkansas are further developing this system and refining our knowledge of how soil texture and other edaphic factors affect the distribution of cotton nematodes. C1 [Mueller, John D.; Khalilian, Ahmad; Henderson, William G.] Clemson Univ, Edisto REC, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. [Davis, Richard F.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Terrence L.] Univ Arkansas, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Hope, AR 71801 USA. [Monfort, W. Scott] Univ Arkansas, Div Agr, Lonoke Agr Ctr, Lonoke, AR 72012 USA. [Ortiz, Brenda V.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Mueller, JD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Edisto REC, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. EM jmllr@clemson.edu; akhlln@clemson.edu; smonfort@uaex.edu; richard.davis@ars.usda.gov; tkirkpatrick@uaex.edu; bortiz@auburn.edu; whende2@clemson.edu NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9276-2 PY 2010 BP 385 EP 402 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9_24 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9277-9 PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BQP86 UT WOS:000281513700024 ER PT J AU O'Connor, AM Sargeant, JM Gardner, IA Dickson, JS Torrence, ME Dewey, CE Dohoo, IR Evans, RB Gray, JT Greiner, M Keefe, G Lefebvre, SL Morley, PS Ramirez, A Sischo, W Smith, DR Snedeker, K Sofos, J Ward, MP Wills, R AF O'Connor, A. M. Sargeant, J. M. Gardner, I. A. Dickson, J. S. Torrence, M. E. Dewey, C. E. Dohoo, I. R. Evans, R. B. Gray, J. T. Greiner, M. Keefe, G. Lefebvre, S. L. Morley, P. S. Ramirez, A. Sischo, W. Smith, D. R. Snedeker, K. Sofos, J. Ward, M. P. Wills, R. CA Consensus Meeting TI The REFLECT statement: Methods and processes of creating Reporting Guidelines For Randomized Controlled Trials for livestock and food safety SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Randomized trials; Livestock; Challenge studies; Standards ID CONSORT STATEMENT; CLINICAL-TRIALS; REVISED RECOMMENDATIONS; HERBAL INTERVENTIONS; QUALITY; ELABORATION; EXPLANATION; CATTLE; EXTENSION; JOURNALS AB The conduct of randomized controlled trials in livestock with production, health, and food-safety outcomes presents unique challenges that may not be adequately reported in trial reports. The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A two-day consensus meeting was held on November 18-19, 2008 in Chicago, IL, United States of America, to achieve the objective. Prior to the meeting, a Web-based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food-safety researchers, livestock-production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors, and associate editors. Prior to the meeting, the attendees completed a Web-based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items may need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Reporting Guidelines For Randomized Control Trials) statement for livestock and food safety (LFS) and 22-item checklist. Fourteen items were modified from the CONSORT checklist, and an additional sub-item was proposed to address challenge trials. The REFLECT statement proposes new terminology, more consistent with common usage in livestock production, to describe study subjects. Evidence was not always available to support modification to or inclusion of an item. The use of the REFLECT statement, which addresses issues unique to livestock trials, should improve the quality of reporting and design for trials reporting production, health, and food-safety outcomes. (C) 2009 A.M. O'Connor. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Connor, A. M.] Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sargeant, J. M.] Univ Guelph, Ctr Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Dept Populat Med, Ontario Vet Coll, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Gardner, I. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dickson, J. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Meat Lab 215F, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Torrence, M. E.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20870 USA. [Dohoo, I. R.] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Dept Hlth Management, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Evans, R. B.] Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, LAC, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. [Gray, J. T.] Des Moines Univ, Dept Microbiol, Des Moines, IA 50312 USA. [Greiner, M.] Fed Inst Risk Assessment, D-12277 Berlin, Germany. [Lefebvre, S. L.] Amer Vet Med Assoc, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. [Morley, P. S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ramirez, A.] Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Lloyd Vet Med Ctr 2231, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sischo, W.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Smith, D. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sofos, J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ward, M. P.] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Wills, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol & Populat Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP O'Connor, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Bldg 4, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM oconnor@iastate.edu RI Greiner, Matthias/D-2812-2013; O'Connor, Annette/E-5591-2010; Ward, Michael/C-5758-2009; Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Greiner, Matthias/0000-0003-4974-5970; O'Connor, Annette/0000-0003-0604-7822; Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 FU USDA [2005-35212-15287]; National Pork Board; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses (Public Health Agency of Canada); Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Population and Public Health; Public Health Agency of Canada; Association for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; American Meat Institute Foundation FX Grant support: USDA Food Safety and Response Network (Grant 2005-35212-15287); National Pork Board; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses (Public Health Agency of Canada); Applied Public Health Research Chair program sponsored by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Population and Public Health and the Public Health Agency of Canada; The Association for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; and The American Meat Institute Foundation. NR 37 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 93 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.10.008 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 561WI UT WOS:000275010400002 PM 19926151 ER PT B AU Behling, RG Eifert, J Erickson, MC Gurtler, JB Kornacki, JL Line, E Radcliff, R Ryser, ET Stawick, B Yan, ZN AF Behling, Robert G. Eifert, Joseph Erickson, Marilyn C. Gurtler, Joshua B. Kornacki, Jeffrey L. Line, Erick Radcliff, Roy Ryser, Elliot T. Stawick, Bradley Yan, Zhinong BE Kornacki, JL TI Selected Pathogens of Concern to Industrial Food Processors: Infectious, Toxigenic, Toxico-Infectious, Selected Emerging Pathogenic Bacteria SO PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIOLOGICAL TROUBLESHOOTING IN THE INDUSTRIAL FOOD PROCESSING ENVIRONMENT SE Food Microbiology and Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POWDERED INFANT FORMULA; AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; NONPROTEOLYTIC CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; ENTEROBACTER-SAKAZAKII MENINGITIS; CROHNS-DISEASE PATIENTS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; FOODBORNE PATHOGEN AB This chapter, written by several contributing authors, is devoted to discussing selected microbes of contemporary importance. Microbes from three categories are described by the following: (1) infectious invasive agents like Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter; (2) toxigenic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium botulinum; and (3) toxico-infectious agents like enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. In addition, emerging pathogens, like Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii, Arcobacter spp., and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis are also described. In most cases, the discussion includes a description of the organism itself, economic impact of the organism (due to disease, loss of market share, etc.), disease syndromes/infectious process, infectious dose, reservoirs (where the organism originates in the food processing chain), foods associated with the organism, and the occurrence of the organism in food processing environments. C1 [Behling, Robert G.] Behling Food Safety Associates, Madison, WI USA. [Eifert, Joseph] Virginia Tech, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Erickson, Marilyn C.] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. [Gurtler, Joshua B.] USDA ARS, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Kornacki, Jeffrey L.] Kornacki Microbiol Solut Inc, Mcfarland, WI USA. [Line, Erick] USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. [Radcliff, Roy] Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Dept Appl Sci, Marshfield, WI USA. [Ryser, Elliot T.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stawick, Bradley] Stawick Lab Management, Memphis, TN USA. [Yan, Zhinong] Mol Ind, Grand Rapids, MI USA. RP Behling, RG (reprint author), Behling Food Safety Associates, Madison, WI USA. EM rbehling@msn.com; jeifert@vt.edu; mericks@uga.edu; joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov; JLKORN731@gmail.com; eric.line@ars.usda.gov; radcliff.roy@marshfieldclinic.org; ryser@msu.edu; brad.stawick@stawicklabmgt.com; zhinongy@gmail.com; JLKORN731@gmail.com NR 292 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-5517-3 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL FOOD PY 2010 BP 5 EP 61 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-5518-0_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-5518-0 PG 57 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BOY64 UT WOS:000278068800002 ER PT B AU Cardamone, JM AF Cardamone, Jeanette M. GP Natl Engn Res Ctr Dye & Finish Textiles Minist Educ, Key Lab Sc & Technol Eco-Textile Donghua Univ, Coll Chem, Chem Engn & Biotechnol TI Wool Shrinkproofing by Chemical and Enzymatic Methods SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL WOOL RESEARCH CONFERENCE, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Wool Research Conference (IWRC 2010) CY OCT 19-22, 2010 CL Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Jiangsu Sunshine Grp, Shandong Ruyi Sci & Technol, Hong Kong Esquel Grp, Australian Wool Innovat ID ACTIVATED PEROXIDE; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; PART II; SHRINKAGE; FABRICS; DICYANDIAMIDE; CYANAMIDE AB The uniqueness of wool, its functionality, morphology, physical/ mechanical behavior, and aesthetics, continue to be topics for innovative research to improve properties and create novel products. The perennial problems of yellowness, discomfort in wear, and shrinkage have been addressed over time as isolated and combined topics of investigations altering morphology and chemistry with processes designed to prevent or limit negative impact on wool's appearance and performance. Chemical bleaching with alkaline peroxide and shrinkproofing with chlorination have limited economy and ecological acceptance. The ARS Process for bleaching, biopolishing, and shrink-proofing wool requires near-room-temperature conditions with short exposure times to reach high levels of whiteness, softness, and dimensional stability, and the design has implications for sustainability with low energy and low impact on the environment. Scanning electron micrographs of fibers from ARS-treated fabrics showed erosion of wool's surface scales without fiber damage to limit felting shrinkage to less than 2%, the indication of a mercerizing effect on cotton limiting shrinkage to 4%, and complete shrinkage control of viscose challis. After processing, the mechanical properties of the fabrics and the structural integrity of the fibers were preserved. High concentration ARS bleaching when applied with high concentrations of bath constituents produced parchment wool jersey fabric with permanent stiffness and 45.5 % increase in sheerness as determined pixel segmentation using digital image analysis to isolate yarn intersticies. The ARS Process is described as a novel development based outcomes and findings of past investigations of chlorination, conventional alkaline bleaching and enzyme treatment to control the dimensional stability of wool. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jan.cardamone@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINA TEXTILE & APPAREL PRESS PI BEIJING PA NO. 6, DONG ZHI MEN NAN DA JIE,, BEIJING, 100027, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5064-6832-9 PY 2010 BP 166 EP 180 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BDL60 UT WOS:000313664900040 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Hoddle, MS AF Brown, John W. Hoddle, Mark S. TI A NEW SPECIES OF HISTURA RAZOWSKI (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: POLYORTHINI) FROM GUATEMALA ATTACKING AVOCADOS (PERSEA AMERICANA) (LAURACEAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Histurodes; Central America; Chlidanotinae; pest species ID STENOMA-CATENIFER LEPIDOPTERA; LARVAL PARASITOIDS; HASS AVOCADOS; ELACHISTIDAE AB Histura perseavora Brown, new species, from Guatemala, is described and illustrated. It is compared with Histura curvata (Meyrick) from Brazil and Histurodes costaricana Razowski from Costa Rica. All specimens of H. perseavora were reared from either fruit, fruit pedicels, or young green branches of avocados (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) during efforts to identify lepidopteran pests of this commodity in Guatemala. Coincidentally, we discovered museum specimens of H. costaricana reared from avocados in Costa Rica. We present a brief review of the fragmentary knowledge of the larval stages of Polyorthini, the tribe to which H. perseavora is assigned. C1 [Brown, John W.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hoddle, Mark S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Invas Species Res, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM john.brown@ars.usda.gov; mark.hoddle@ucr.edu FU California Avocado Commission FX Illustrations of genitalia were rendered by David Adamski, USDA, ARS, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, and those of the larva and pupa by Diana Marquez; illustrations were arranged into plates by Mike Lewis, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside; and the parasitoid was identified by Roger Burks, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside. We thank the following for providing helpful reviews of the manuscript: Robert Kula and Thomas Henry, USDA, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, U.S.A.; Joaquin Baixeras, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, Spain; and Richard Brown, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, U.S.A. Funding for field work in Guatemala was provided in part by the California Avocado Commission. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 10 EP 21 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.253.10 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000002 ER PT J AU Jones, LA Cohnstaedt, LW Beati, L Teran, R Leon, R Munstermann, LE AF Jones, Lynn A. Cohnstaedt, Lee W. Beati, Lorenza Teran, Rommy Leon, Renato Munstermann, Leonard E. TI NEW RECORDS OF PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) FROM ECUADOR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Lutzomyia; Brumptomyia; species distribution ID LUTZOMYIA-AYACUCHENSIS; LEISHMANIA-MEXICANA; INFECTION; PARASITES; COLOMBIA; FOCUS AB The number of recorded phlebotomine sand fly species in Ecuador has nearly doubled during the past 20 years as a result of surveys. In 2005, a sand fly survey of two localities, Tiputini in the Amazon rain forest and Paraiso Escondido in the Pacific coastal lowland forest, resulted in the capture of 25 species. New records for Ecuador consisted of five species from the Amazonian region and one from Paraiso Escondido. The Amazonian species were Nyssomyia richardwardi (Ready and Fraiha), Psathyromyia dreisbachi (Causey and Damasceno), Psathyromyia. a runoides (Fairchild and Hertig), Trichophoromyia pabloi (Barretto, Burbano and Young), and Trichopygomyia witoto (Young and Morales). The Pacific coastal lowland species was Psathyromyia punctigeniculata (Floch and Abonnenc). C1 [Jones, Lynn A.; Munstermann, Leonard E.] Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Microbial Dis, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Cohnstaedt, Lee W.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Beati, Lorenza] Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Teran, Rommy; Leon, Renato] Univ San Francisco Quito, Inst Microbiol, Sch Biol & Environm Sci, Quito 171200841, Ecuador. RP Jones, LA (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Microbial Dis, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM leonard.munstermann@yale.edu OI TERAN, ROMMY/0000-0002-8098-7911 FU NIH [R01 Al-056254, 1U19 AI-065866, PTG-2T32-AI07404] FX Thanks to Pablo Melo, undergraduate students from the School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, USFQ and personnel from the Tiputini Biodiversity Station for help with collections. Drs David Hoel and John Reinert are acknowledged for valuable suggestions in final stages of the manuscript. This research was supported by NIH grants R01 Al-056254 and 1U19 AI-065866. In addition, LWC was supported by an NIH Parasitology Training grant PTG-2T32-AI07404 to Diane McMahon Pratt. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.47 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000006 PM 22628901 ER PT J AU Kula, RR Boughton, AJ Pemberton, RW AF Kula, Robert R. Boughton, Anthony J. Pemberton, Robert W. TI STANTONIA PALLIDA (ASHMEAD) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) REARED FROM NEOMUSOTIMA CONSPURCATALIS WARREN (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE), A CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF LYGODIUM MICROPHYLLUM (CAV.) R. BR. (POLYPODIALES: LYGODIACEAE) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cotesia; Glyptapanteles; host record; invasive species; melonworm; Microgastrinae; nontarget effects; Old World climbing fern; Omiodes indicata; Orgilinae; pickleworm; Rhygoplitis; soybean leaffolder ID WORLD CLIMBING FERN; INVASIVE WEED; HOST-RANGE; FLORIDA; PYRALIDAE; PICKLEWORM; DIAPHANIA; AUSTRALIA; MELONWORM; INSECTS AB Stantonia pallida (Ashmead) sensu Braet and Quicke (2004) is reported from Neomusotima conspurcatalis Warren (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a classical biological control agent of Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. (Polypodiales: Lygodiaceae) in Florida. It is the first reported parasitoid of N. conspurcatalis. One undetermined species each of Cotesia Cameron, Glyptapanteles Ashmead, and Rhygoplitis Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are likely parasitoids of N. conspurcatalis but need to be confirmed through rearing from host larvae isolated individually. The use of S. pallida, under the name Stantonia lamprosemae Muesebeck, for control of Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus) and Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Florida is reviewed and used to illustrate the importance of systematics and natural history collections to classical biological control. The potential effects of these parasitoids on control of L. microphyllum in Florida are discussed. C1 [Kula, Robert R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Boughton, Anthony J.; Pemberton, Robert W.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Kula, RR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Robert.Kula@ars.usda.gov; Anthony.Boughton@ars.usda.gov; Robert.Pemberton@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.4289/0013.8797.112.1.253.61 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000008 ER PT J AU Lewis, TM Lattin, JD AF Lewis, Tamera M. Lattin, John D. TI ORIUS (HETERORIUS) VICINUS (RIBAUT) (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA: ANTHOCORIDAE) IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA, A CORRECTION OF THE PAST SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE introduced species; Orius minutus; misidentification; genitalia ID GENUS ORIUS; WOLFF HETEROPTERA; TAIWAN; JAPAN; CANADA; BUGS AB Collection records for the Palearctic flower bug Orius (Heterorius) minutus (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) in western North America date back to 1930. This species can be very similar in appearance to another Palearctic species, Orius (Heterorius) vicinus (Ribaut). Positive identification is made by examination of the genitalia. We now report O. vicinus from western North America. Over 250 specimens belonging to the subgenus Heterorius were examined from collections made between 1930-2008 in western Washington, western Oregon and western British Columbia. These specimens were identified as O. vicinus, suggesting that all previous records of O. minutus in North America are based on misidentifications of O. vicinus. We observe that O. vicinus can have more extensive darkening on the legs than has been reported in the literature, which may have been a factor contributing to confusion of this species with O. minutus. C1 [Lewis, Tamera M.] USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Lattin, John D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Lewis, TM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Tamera.Lewis@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 69 EP 80 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.69 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000009 ER PT J AU Smith, DR de Carvalho, DV AF Smith, David R. de Carvalho, Davi Vilela TI THREE NEW SPECIES OF AULACIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) FROM BRAZIL SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Aulacus; Pristaulacus; neotropics; parasitic wasp ID AMERICA AB Three new species of Aulacidae, Aulacus gerais Smith and A. unicus Smith, from Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Pristaulacus petiense Smith, from Minas Gerais, Esperito Santo, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Santa Catarina, Brazil, are described. The species are illustrated and separated from described species of their respective genera. C1 [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [de Carvalho, Davi Vilela] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Zool, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM dave.smith@ars.usda.gov; davibiofis@yahoo.com.br NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.4289/0013-8797.112.1.253.140 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000013 ER PT J AU McKamey, SH AF McKamey, Stuart H. TI Baracoana, a junior synonym of Caribovia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP McKamey, SH (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM stuart.mckamey@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 170 EP 171 DI 10.4289/0013-8797-112.1.170 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 564OX UT WOS:000275226000016 ER PT B AU Bengston, DN Gerlach, LP AF Bengston, David N. Gerlach, Luther P. BE Wen, Z Bengston, D Youn, YC Gupta, H TI The Human Dimensions of Ecosystem Management: Social, Cultural, and Economic Challenges for Sustainable Forest Management SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST GLOBAL FORUM OF ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS IN FORESTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Forum of Ecological Economics in Forestry CY AUG 19-21, 2009 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA DE dimensions; ecosystem management; sustainable forest management ID PERSPECTIVE AB An ecosystem approach has long been accepted as a central part of the solution to sustainable forest management. But the human dimensions of an ecosystem approach remain poorly defined. In this paper, we present the broad elements of the human dimensions in the form of eleven challenges or tasks which ecosystem management must address. These include; (1) Coordinating across political borders and institutional cultures; (2) Coordinating across time horizons longer than those of conventional decision making; (3) Holistic coordination of solutions; (4) Making decisions based on uncertain information; (5) Averting the "tragedy of the commons," that is, assuring that resource uses which are narrowly rational also combine systemically to serve the common good; (6) Making changes in rights and duties in natural resources; (7) Reducing inequities in the distribution of the costs and benefits of natural resource use and environmental change; (8) Developing in ways which are economically sustainable; ( 9) Institutionalizing ecological and economic interdependence collaboratively; ( 10) Managing the conflicts associated with accomplishing these tasks; and (11) Integrating human and biophysical factors. These are certainly a daunting set of challenges. But they are no more daunting than the challenges faced and overcome by forestry professionals of the past. C1 [Bengston, David N.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bengston, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU CHINA FORESTRY PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BEIJING PA 7 LIUHAI HUTONG, XICHENG-QU, BEIJING, 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5038-5855-0 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQX02 UT WOS:000282044100001 ER PT B AU Okafor, CC Grooms, DL Bruning-Fann, CS Averill, JJ Kaneene, JB AF Okafor, C. C. Grooms, D. L. Bruning-Fann, C. S. Averill, J. J. Kaneene, J. B. BE Smith, RA TI Descriptive Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Michigan (1975-March 2010); Lessons Learned SO Proceedings of the Forty-Third Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 2010 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Conference of the American-Association-of-Bovine-Practitioners CY AUG 19-21, 2010 CL Albuquerque, NM SP Amer Assoc Bovine Practitioners C1 [Okafor, C. C.; Grooms, D. L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bruning-Fann, C. S.] Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Averill, J. J.] Michigan Dept Agr, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Kaneene, J. B.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Comparat Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Okafor, CC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BOVINE PRACTITIONERS INC PI LAFAYETTE PA PO BOX 2319, LAFAYETTE, IN 47906 USA PY 2010 BP 202 EP 202 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BG8XO UT WOS:000392777400055 ER PT S AU Chastagner, G Oak, S Omdal, D Ramsey-Kroll, A Coats, K Valachovic, Y Lee, C Hwang, J Jeffers, S Elliott, M AF Chastagner, Gary Oak, Steven Omdal, Daniel Ramsey-Kroll, Amy Coats, Katie Valachovic, Yana Lee, Chris Hwang, Jaesoon Jeffers, Steven Elliott, Marianne BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Spread of P. ramorum from Nurseries into Waterways-Implications for Pathogen Establishment in New Areas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; IRRIGATION WATER AB In the United States, water and soil baiting have been part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA APHIS) Confirmed Nursery Protocol (CNP) to prevent the spread of Phytophthora ramorum from infected nursery stock since 2005. Additionally, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA FS) has, since 2006, supported the national early detection stream baiting survey of forests and urban areas to monitor the potential spread of this pathogen from nurseries and other high-risk settings. These surveys have been conducted in cooperation with universities and state forestry agencies. As a result of these activities, P. ramorum has been detected in waterways at 10 sites in six states between 2006 and June 2009 (fig. 1). Below is a brief overview of these positive sites. Florida - In 2006 and 2007, P. ramorum was recovered from standing and flowing water inside, but not outside, a retail garden center where P. ramorum-positive plants were present. In February 2008, P. ramorum was recovered from a drainage ditch at a nearby production nursery that was associated with the garden center site. Then, in December 2008 and again in March 2009, the pathogen was detected in bait leaves deployed in a stream outside this nursery. Mississippi P. ramorum was baited from a drainage ditch outside a nursery in December 2007. Subsequently, it was recovered from this ditch several times in 2008 and 2009 and a creek into which the ditch drains (using PCR on bait leaves) on multiple occasions from January 2008 through early 2009. Streamside vegetation surveys outside of the nursery resulted in PCR positives on two APHIS official host and associated host plant (HAP) (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/pram/) samples in December 2007 and February 2008. To date, this is the only site where streamside vegetation surveys have detected P. ramorum on vegetation samples. C1 [Chastagner, Gary; Coats, Katie; Elliott, Marianne] Washington State Univ, 2606 W Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Oak, Steven] USDA Forest Serv, FHP, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Omdal, Daniel; Ramsey-Kroll, Amy] Dept Nat Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Valachovic, Yana; Lee, Chris] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Eureka, CA 95503 USA. [Hwang, Jaesoon; Jeffers, Steven] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Chastagner, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 2606 W Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM chastag@wsu.edu NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 22 EP + PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300004 ER PT S AU Adams, GC Catal, M Trummer, L AF Adams, G. C. Catal, M. Trummer, L. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Distribution and Severity of Alder Phytophthora in Alaska SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID PRIMER SETS; ALNUS; MEGASPERMA; PATHOGENS; STANDARD; DISEASE; GENES; TREES; PCR AB In Alaska, an unprecedented dieback and mortality of Alnits incana ssp. tenuifolia has occurred which stimulated an effort to determine causal agents of the disease. In Europe, similar dieback and mortality of Alnus incana and Alnus glutinosa has been attributed to root rot by a spectrum of newly emergent strains in the hybrid species Phytophthora alni. The variable hybrids of P. alni were grouped into three subspecies: P. alni ssp. alni (PAA), P. alni ssp. multiformis (PAM), and P. alni ssp. uniformis (PAU). From 2007 to 2008, we conducted a survey of Phytophthora species at 30 locations with stream baiting as used in the 2007 national Phytophthora ramorum Early Detection Survey for Forests in the United States. Additionally, Phytophthora species from saturated rhizosphere soil beneath alder stands were baited in situ using rhododendron leaves. We discovered PAU in rhizosphere soils in 2007 at two sample locations in unmanaged statids hundreds of miles apart, on the Kenai Peninsula and near Denali National Park. PAA was reported to be the most aggressive and pathogenic to alders and PAM and PAU were significantly less aggressive than PAA, though still pathogenic. To ascertain whether PAU was of restricted distribution due to recent introduction, or widespread distribution, we extended the survey in 2008 to 81 locations. Intensive sampling was conducted at five alder stands exhibiting dieback and 10 alder genets per location were excavated to expose nearly the entire root system for evaluation of the severity of root rot, ELISA detection of Phytophthora in diseased roots, and isolation of Phytophthora species. At intensive sites, four bowls each containing 500 ml samples of saturated rhizosphere soil were baited by floating three detached leaves of Rhododendron spp. for a 2-week period. Leaves were rinsed and sealed in plastic bags and shipped to the laboratory where leaf tissues were placed in PARPH-V8 agar selective for Phytophthora spp. Phytophthora spp. were identified from DNA sequence of the ITS-rDNA region. The survey yielded some species newly reported for the U.S., including P. aff gallica, and an undescribed species in Clade 8C closely related to P. ramorum and P. foliorum, and other undescribed species. The Clade 8C species was of restricted range in our isolations, and all 20 isolates were from one location. The species was of interest to researchers developing systems for detection of P. ramorum. Thirty-three isolates of PAU were identified out of approximately 600 isolated and sequenced Phytophthora spp. PAU was collected from 11 geographically distributed stands. Only one isolate was obtained from bait floating in a water course (the Tanana River) out of 81 watercourses sampled. Soil isolates were from four plots in southcentral Alaska along the Kenai and Russian Rivers, and seven plots in the interior, including a plot in Fairbanks, three plots between Delta Junction and Fairbanks along Highway 2, two between Slana and Tok along Highway 1, and one near Denali National Park on Highway 3. PAU was widely distributed and difficult to isolate. Severity of root rot was low, with less than one diseased root discovered per genet, on average. Root rot does not appear to be a significant contributor to the dieback and mortality of alder in Alaska. C1 [Adams, G. C.; Catal, M.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Trummer, L.] USDA Forest Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Adams, GC (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM gadams@msu.edu NR 34 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 29 EP + PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300005 ER PT S AU Coleman, TW Seybold, SJ AF Coleman, Tom W. Seybold, Steven J. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI GSOB not equal SOD: Tree Mortality from the Goldspotted Oak Borer in Oak Woodlands of Southern California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID COLEOPTERA BUPRESTIDAE AB A new threat to oaks (Quercus spp.) in California was identified in June 2008 following years of misdiagnosis. The goldspotted oak borer (GSOB), Agrilus coxalis auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is aggressively attacking and killing three species of oaks in oak woodlands in San Diego County. About 20,000 coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia), California black oaks (Q. kelloggii), and canyon live oaks (Q. chrysolepis) have died in a 4903 km2 area centered on the Descanso Ranger District, Cleveland National Forest and Cuyamaca Rancho State Park. Oak mortality has been continuous for the past 8 years and occurs on all land ownerships. C1 [Coleman, Tom W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Calif Shared Serv Area, 602 S Tippecanoe Ave, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. [Seybold, Steven J.] USDA Forest Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coleman, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Southern Calif Shared Serv Area, 602 S Tippecanoe Ave, Redlands, CA 92373 USA. EM twcoleman@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 58 EP + PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300007 ER PT S AU Parke, JL Grunwald, N Lewis, C Fieland, V AF Parke, Jennifer L. Gruenwald, Niklaus Lewis, Carrie Fieland, Val BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI A Systems Approach for Detecting Sources of Phytophthora Contamination in Nurseries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Parke, Jennifer L.; Lewis, Carrie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Agr & Life Sci Bldg 3017, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gruenwald, Niklaus] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Fieland, Val] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Parke, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Agr & Life Sci Bldg 3017, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jennifer.Parke@oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative; the Nature Conservancy; USDA Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative, the Nature Conservancy, and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. We thank the four participating nurseries for their cooperation. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 67 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300008 ER PT S AU Jeffers, SN Hwang, J Wamishe, YA Oak, SW AF Jeffers, Steven N. Hwang, Jaesoon Wamishe, Yeshi A. Oak, Steven W. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Detection of Phytophthora ramorum at Retail Nurseries in the Southeastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program AB Many nursery plants are known to be hosts of Phytophthora ramorum or to be associated with this pathogen. These plants can be infected or merely infested by P. ramorum and with or without symptoms. The pathogen has been detected most frequently on container-grown nursery plants, and occasionally has been found in the container mix around these plants. Because of this close association with container-grown nursery plants, P. ramorum can be disseminated within a nursery, among local nurseries, and between nurseries in different states on infected plants or infested materials. Pathogen propagules can be moved readily from nurseries or landscapes to natural ecosystems in soil and water. Therefore, a major concern is that P. ramorum will be introduced into nurseries in the eastern United States (U.S.) and then will become established in forests and other natural areas where environmental conditions are favorable for pathogen survival and reproduction and susceptible plants are present. Consequently, we have been cooperating with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA APHIS) to monitor for P. ramorum in soil and water at retail nurseries in the southeastern U.S. when infected plants have been found by routine surveys. C1 [Jeffers, Steven N.; Hwang, Jaesoon; Wamishe, Yeshi A.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Oak, Steven W.] USDA Forest Serv, FHP, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Jeffers, SN (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sjffrs@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 69 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300009 ER PT S AU Manter, D Hansen, E Parke, J AF Manter, Daniel Hansen, Everett Parke, Jennifer BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Virulence, Sporulation, and Elicitin Production in Three Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora ramorum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Manter, Daniel] ARS, USDA, Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Hansen, Everett; Parke, Jennifer] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Manter, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 88 EP 88 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300016 ER PT S AU Britt, J Prospero, S Grunwald, N Kanaskie, A Hansen, E AF Britt, Jennifer Prospero, Simone Gruenwald, Niklaus Kanaskie, Alan Hansen, Everett BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Tracking Populations and New Infections of Phytophthora ramorum in Southern Oregon Forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID SUDDEN OAK DEATH; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AB Since the discovery of Phytophthora ramorum in southern Oregon forests in 2001, newly infested areas are located each year. We tracked the spread and dispersal using DNA fingerprinting. While among site genetic variance was low, we did find changes in genotype presence and frequency at the site level. These genotypic differences allowed us to map the spread of some individual genotypes demonstrating long and short distance dispersal of P. ramorum in Oregon Forests. C1 [Britt, Jennifer; Hansen, Everett] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Prospero, Simone] Swiss Fed Inst Forest, Ecol Genet & Evolut, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Gruenwald, Niklaus] Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Kanaskie, Alan] Oregon Dept Forestry, Forest Hlth Management, Salem, OR 97310 USA. RP Britt, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM brittje@science.oregonstate.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Oregon Depaiturent of Forestry; Paul Reeser and Wendy Sutton for lab FX We would like to thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station for funding; the Oregon Depaiturent of Forestry for collections and field work; and Paul Reeser and Wendy Sutton for lab help. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 107 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300021 ER PT S AU Coats, K Chastagner, G Dart, N Larsen, MM Grunwald, NJ AF Coats, Katie Chastagner, Gary Dart, Norm Larsen, Meg M. Grunwald, Niklaus J. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI An Update on Microsatellite Genotype Information of Phytophthora ramorum in Washington State Nurseries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Coats, Katie; Chastagner, Gary] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Dart, Norm] West Virginia Dept Agr, Charleston, WV 25305 USA. [Larsen, Meg M.; Grunwald, Niklaus J.] Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Coats, K (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, 2606 W Pioneer, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. FU WSDA Nursery Research Fund FX Funding for this research was provided by the WSDA Nursery Research Fund. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 114 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300023 ER PT S AU Goss, EM Larsen, M Carbone, I Givens, DR Chastagner, GA Grunwald, NJ AF Goss, Erica M. Larsen, Meg Carbone, Ignazio Givens, Donald R. Chastagner, Gary A. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Population Genetic Analysis Reveals Ancient Evolution and Recent Migration of P. ramorum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID PATHOGEN PHYTOPHTHORA-RAMORUM; SUDDEN OAK DEATH; LINEAGES AB Phytophthora ramorum populations in North America and Europe are comprised of three clonal lineages based on several different genetic marker systems (Ivors and others 2006, Martin 2008). Whether these lineages are ancient or a recent artifact of introduction has been unclear. We analyzed DNA sequence variation at five nuclear loci in order to better understand the evolutionary history of the three lineages and the relationships among them (Goss and others 2009). We did not see differences among isolates within each lineage, therefore the observed genetic divergence among lineages precedes introduction. Analysis with coalescent-based methods revealed that the lineages have been diverged for an evolutionarily significant period of time, roughly 165,000 to 500,000 years. Genes contained signatures of historical recombination between the lineages, indicating that ancestors of the P. ramorum lineages reproduced sexually. The large genetic differences among lineages suggest that they were not introduced from a single interbreeding population. Instead, the three lineages likely originated from three different geographic locations such that they evolved in isolation from each other prior to introduction to North America and Europe. C1 [Goss, Erica M.; Larsen, Meg; Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Carbone, Ignazio] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Givens, Donald R.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Chastagner, Gary A.] Washington State Univ Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Goss, EM (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 116 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300024 ER PT S AU Vaclavik, T Kanaskie, A Goheen, E Ohmann, J Hansen, E Meentemeyer, R AF Vaclavik, Tomas Kanaskie, Alan Goheen, Ellen Ohmann, Janet Hansen, Everett Meentemeyer, Ross BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Mapping the Risk of Sudden Oak Death in Oregon: Prioritizing Locations for Early Detection and Eradication SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program AB Phytophthora ramorum was first discovered in forests of southwestern Oregon in 2001. Despite intense eradication efforts, disease continues to spread from initially infested sites because of the late discovery of disease outbreaks and incomplete detection. Here we present two GIS predictive models of sudden oak death (SOD) establishment and spread risk that can be used to target monitoring and eradication activities in western Oregon. Model predictions were based on three primary parameters: weather and climate variability, host vegetation susceptibility and distribution, and dispersal (force of infection). First, a heuristic model using multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method was developed to identify the areas at potential risk. We mapped and ranked host susceptibility using new geospatial vegetation data available from the U.S. Depaihnent of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA FS)/Oregon State University (OSU) Landscape, Ecology, Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis project (LEMMA). Precipitation and temperature conditions derived from PRISM climate database were parameterized in accordance to their epidemiological importance in the SOD disease system. The final appraisal scores were calculated and summarized to represent a cumulative spread risk index, standardized into five risk categories from very low risk to very high risk. Second, we used the machine-learning method, maximum entropy (MAXENT) to predict the current distribution of SOD infections. Here, probability of infection was calibrated based on the correlation between 500 field observations of disease occurrence and several predictor variables including climate variability, host susceptibility and abundance, topographic variables, and a dispersal constraint. The dispersal constraint estimates the force of infection at all locations and thus predicts the actual or current distribution of the pathogen rather than its potential distribution. Numerous forests across the western region of Oregon appear to be susceptible to SOD. Areas at greatest risk of disease spread are concentrated in the southwest region of Oregon where the highest densities of susceptible host species exist, in particular tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus). These models provide a better picture of threatened forest resources across the state and are being actively used to prioritize early detection and eradication efforts. C1 [Vaclavik, Tomas; Meentemeyer, Ross] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Appl GISci, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Kanaskie, Alan] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR USA. [Goheen, Ellen] USDA Forest Serv, J Herbert Stone Nursery, Corvallis, OR 97502 USA. [Ohmann, Janet] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific6 Northwest Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hansen, Everett] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Vaclavik, T (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Appl GISci, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM tvaclavi@uncc.edu RI Vaclavik, Tomas/B-4668-2013 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 126 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300027 ER PT S AU Kovacs, KF Holmes, TP Englin, JE Alexander, J AF Kovacs, Kent F. Holmes, Thomas P. Englin, Jeffrey E. Alexander, Janice BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Evidence of the Dynamic Response of Housing Values to a Sudden Oak Death Infestation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID PROPERTY-VALUES; INFORMATION; PRICES; RISK AB Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by the non-indigenous forest pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, causes substantial mortality in coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and several other oak species on the Pacific Coast of the United States. Quasi-experimental hedonic models examine the effect of SOD on property values with a dataset that spans more than two decades including a decade of transactions before and after the invasion. The long study period allows for a unique contribution to the hedonic literature on natural hazards by studying the dynamic response of property values to an invasive species. The findings suggest property discounts of 2 to 5 percent for homes near infested oak woodlands, which are long lasting because of the continually dying oaks in the woodlands. Greater discounts of 5 to 8 percent occur if dying oaks are on the properties of homeowners, which are transitory because dying oaks are removed from homeowner properties. We compare recent hedonic modeling approaches including quasi-experimental, with spatial fixed-effects for a) communities, and b) parcels 'repeat sales', and spatial lag and error models to address bias from homeowner preferences, correlated with the price of a house and the proximity of a house to a SOD infection, which are not observed by the analyst. C1 [Kovacs, Kent F.; Englin, Jeffrey E.] Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Holmes, Thomas P.] Forestry Sci Lab, USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Alexander, Janice] Cooperat Extens Mann Cty, Novato, CA 94947 USA. RP Kovacs, KF (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Resource Econ, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM kkovacs@cabnr.unr.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 154 EP + PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300030 ER PT S AU Hayden, KJ Lundquist, A Schmidt, DJ Sniezko, RA Frankel, SJ Garbelotto, M AF Hayden, Katherine J. Lundquist, Alex Schmidt, Douglas J. Sniezko, Richard A. Frankel, Susan J. Garbelotto, Matteo BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Tanoak Resistance: Can it be Used to Sustain Populations? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID FOREST TREES; PATHOGEN; ECOLOGY AB Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) trees are among Phytophthora ramorum's most susceptible hosts. Extensive mortality in this species has led researchers to question whether selective breeding for resistance can be used to sustain populations; the answer depends on the extent and heritability of pathogen resistance within the host. Consequently, we have undertaken a multi-year common garden study of resistance to P. ramorum in tanoak seedlings grown from acorns collected by collaborators at sites in California and southern Oregon. We have sown 12,650 acorns from nine unique sites in a common garden since 2006. The resulting seedlings have been assayed for resistance to P. ramorum by both detached leaf inoculations using plugs of mycelia as the infective agent, and seedling tip inoculations using a zoospore suspension. Both assays revealed variable resistance with significant heritability. In addition to the laboratory assays, a subset of 800 seedlings from 50 different family groups were planted in a heavily infested, forested site in Monterey County, California. These seedlings are currently being monitored to determine whether there is a correlation between family-level variation in resistance in the laboratory setting to survivorship in the field. After 1 year, the survival rate was 82.5 percent, with no discernable effect of family; however, there were positive identifications of natural infection by P. ramorum. Together, the data from these studies provide not only background knowledge crucial to predicting the evolutionary and ecological outcomes of the P. ramorum epidemic in tanoak populations, but also for ascertaining any potential for genetic resistance in tanoak to be used as a management tool. C1 [Hayden, Katherine J.; Lundquist, Alex; Schmidt, Douglas J.; Garbelotto, Matteo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sniezko, Richard A.] Dorena Genet Resource Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Cottage Grove, OR 97424 USA. [Frankel, Susan J.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hayden, KJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khayden@nature.berkeley.edu NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 183 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300032 ER PT S AU Hwang, J Jeffers, SN Oak, SW AF Hwang, Jaesoon Jeffers, Steven N. Oak, Steven W. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Variation in Density and Diversity of Species of Phytophthora in Two Forest Stream Networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program AB Monitoring occurrence and distribution of Phytophthora species, including Phytophthora ramorum, in forest ecosystems can be achieved in several ways including sampling symptomatic plants, infested soils, and infested streams. Collecting plant and soil samples can be laborious and time consuming due to the distance surveyors need to travel. Not all forests are available for survey because of limited accessibility and stand density. Species of Phytophthora are well adapted to aquatic habitats and more diverse populations of Phytophthora spp. are found in forest streams than in nearby soils and symptomatic riparian plants. The current protocol for the National P. ramorum Early Detection Survey, conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA FS), adopted sampling forest streams using baiting and filtration procedures. One assumption being made in these monitoring efforts is that species present in a stream network are representative of those present in the land area drained by that network. Therefore, careful selection of stream networks is essential to optimize the sampling effort with limited available resources, and strategic selection of sample sites within a stream network should maximize detection of the species of Phtyophthora present A stream network in a natural ecosystem consists of a main stream, its tributaries, and a drainage point of the main stream. In this study, our hypothesis was that the occurrence and diversity of Phytophthora spp. at the drainage point of the main stream represents the overall population of Phytophthora spp. within the upstream network. If our hypothesis is true, a stream network could be surveyed effectively at the drainage point without additional sampling of the upstream tributaries. C1 [Hwang, Jaesoon; Jeffers, Steven N.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Oak, Steven W.] USDA Forest Serv, South Reg, FHP, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jaesooh@clemson.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 193 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300034 ER PT S AU McPherson, BA Wood, DL Kelly, M Mori, SR Svihra, P Storer, AJ Standiford, RB AF McPherson, Brice A. Wood, David L. Kelly, Magi Mori, Sylvia R. Svihra, Pavel Storer, Andrew J. Standiford, Richard B. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Impacts of Phytophthora ramorum on Oaks and Tanoaks in Marin County, California Forests Since 2000 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID DEATH AB The forests of Mann County were among the first in coastal California to be affected by the Phytophthora ramorum epidemic. Although initially observed in 1994 in tanoaks (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and 1995 in coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia), it is evident from studies of disease progression that the pathogen was present at least several years prior to the first recorded tree mortality (Rizzo and Garbelotto 2003; McPherson and others 2005). The causal agent had not been identified in March 2000 when we established 20 plots in two Mann County sites, China Camp State Park, (CCSP, coast live oaks and California black oaks, Q. kelloggii) and the Mann Municipal Water District watershed (MMWD, all three species). Plots were between 320 m(2) and 3600 m(2), with a mean of 1234 (SE = 199) m(2). The goal of the study was to monitor disease progression (McPherson and others 2000) and, in particular, to understand the phenomenon of the abundant beetle attacks observed on bleeding trees. Plots were evaluated four times per year until March 2003, then twice annually thereafter. Through March 2008, every stem > 5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) was evaluated for signs and symptoms of sudden oak death (SOD): bleeding, beetle attacks, and the presence of the fungus Hypoxylon thouarsianum. In 2001 and 2007, we recorded the basal area for every woody species with stem DBH > 5 cm found within 0.08-ha subplots placed within the larger plots. C1 [McPherson, Brice A.; Wood, David L.; Kelly, Magi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mori, Sylvia R.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacif Southwest Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Mori, Sylvia R.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Novato, CA 94947 USA. [Storer, Andrew J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Standiford, Richard B.] Univ Calif, Div Agr & Nat Sci, Oakland, CA 94607 USA. RP McPherson, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bmcpherson@berkeley.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 210 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300038 ER PT S AU Goheen, EM Kanaskie, A Hansen, E Sutton, W Reeser, P Osterbauer, N AF Goheen, Ellen Michaels Kanaskie, Alan Hansen, Everett Sutton, Wendy Reeser, Paul Osterbauer, Nancy BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Eradication Effectiveness Monitoring in Oregon Tanoak Forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Goheen, Ellen Michaels] USDA Forest Serv, Southwest Oregon Forest Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. [Kanaskie, Alan] Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Hansen, Everett; Sutton, Wendy; Reeser, Paul] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Osterbauer, Nancy] Oregon Dept Agr, Salem, OR 97310 USA. RP Goheen, EM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Southwest Oregon Forest Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. EM egoheen@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 233 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300043 ER PT S AU Balci, Y MacDonald, WL Gottschalk, K AF Balci, Yilmaz MacDonald, William L. Gottschalk, Kurt BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Sampling Cankers and Lesions on Eastern Forest Plant Species for Phytophthora spp. and Associated Organisms SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID SOILS C1 [Balci, Yilmaz] Univ Maryland, Dept Plan Sci & LA, 2114 Plant Sci Build, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [MacDonald, William L.] Univ Virginia, Depattment Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Gottschalk, Kurt] USDA Forest Serv, Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Balci, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plan Sci & LA, 2114 Plant Sci Build, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station [054V-11272738089] FX This research was made possible by funding from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station (054V-11272738089). Special thanks are given to Selin Balci for her help in laboratory and field routines. We would also like to thank Jordan Eggers, Jill Rose, and Drs. R. P. Long and T. J. Hall for their assistance during extensive field work. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 285 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300052 ER PT S AU Bilodeau, GJ Hamelin, RC Pelletier, G Pelletier, F Levesque, CA AF Bilodeau, Guillaume J. Hamelin, Richard C. Pelletier, Gervais Pelletier, Francoise Levesque, C. Andre BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Detection of Phytophthora ramorum, the Causal Agent of Sudden Oak Death SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Bilodeau, Guillaume J.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Hamelin, Richard C.; Pelletier, Gervais; Pelletier, Francoise] Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Quebec City, BC, Canada. [Levesque, C. Andre] Cent Expt Farm Biodivers, Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Bilodeau, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Guillaume.Bilodeau@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 293 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300055 ER PT S AU Elliott, CR McDonald, V Grunwald, NJ AF Elliott, Clare R. McDonald, Virginia Gruenwald, Niklaus J. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Phytophthora ramorum - Pathogenic Fitness Among the Three Clonal Lineages SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Elliott, Clare R.; McDonald, Virginia] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grunwald, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM nik.grunwald@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 313 EP 313 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300062 ER PT S AU Elliott, M Sumampong, G Shamoun, SF Becker, E Varga, A James, D Masri, S Grunwald, NJ AF Elliott, Marianne Sumampong, Grace Shamoun, Simon F. Becker, Elisa Varga, Aniko James, Delano Masri, Saad Gruenwald, Niklaus J. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Phenotypic Variation in Phytophthora ramorum: Wild Type vs Non-Wild Type Isolates SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program AB Phenotypic characteristics of four Phytophthora ramorum isolates with atypical culture morphology (non-wild type; nwt) were compared with four "wild type" (wt) isolates using material from stock cultures and after re-isolation from lesions on inoculated rhododendron leaves. Our preliminary results show that nwt isolates were more variable than wt isolates in all of the characters tested, and were generally lower in aggressiveness, chlamydospore production, and growth rate at all temperatures for both the original culture and when re-isolated from a host. C1 [Elliott, Marianne] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. [Sumampong, Grace; Shamoun, Simon F.; Becker, Elisa] Pacif Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z IM5, Canada. [Varga, Aniko; James, Delano; Masri, Saad] Sidney Lab, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Sidney, BC V8L IH3, Canada. [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Elliott, M (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. EM melliott2@wsu.edu FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Canadian Food Inspection Agency; USDA ARS CRIS [5358-22000-034-00] FX The authors wish to thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Forest Service, and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency for financial support. Partial funding to NJG for this work was also provided by the USDA ARS CRIS project 5358-22000-034-00. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 317 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300064 ER PT S AU Holland, E Hart, J Cooper, K Borchert, M Frangioso, K Rizzo, DM Meentemeyer, RK AF Holland, Emily Hart, James Cooper, Kevin Borchert, Mark Frangioso, Kerri Rizzo, David M. Meentemeyer, Ross K. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Effects of Sudden Oak Death on Habitat Suitability for the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) in the Big Sur Ecoregion SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Holland, Emily; Meentemeyer, Ross K.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. [Hart, James] US Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington, DC USA. [Cooper, Kevin; Borchert, Mark] USDA Forest Serv, Padres Natl Forest, Ojai, CA 93023 USA. [Frangioso, Kerri; Rizzo, David M.] Univ Calif, Dept Plant Pathol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meentemeyer, RK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog & Earth Sci, 9201 Univ City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. EM rkmeente@uncc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300069 ER PT S AU Kasuga, T Bui, M AF Kasuga, Takao Bui, Mai BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Evaluation of Diurnal Rhythms in Phytophthora SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID SPORULATION; LIGHT C1 [Kasuga, Takao; Bui, Mai] Univ Calif Davis, Crop Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kasuga, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Crop Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS, 382 Hutchison Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tkasuga@ucdavis.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 332 EP 333 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300072 ER PT S AU Manter, D Kolodny, E Kelsey, R Gonzalez-Hernandez, P AF Manter, Daniel Kolodny, Eli Kelsey, Rick Gonzalez-Hernandez, Pilar BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Effect of Plant Sterols and Tannins on Phytophthora ramorum Growth and Sporulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Manter, Daniel; Kolodny, Eli] ARS, USDA, Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Kelsey, Rick] USDA Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gonzalez-Hernandez, Pilar] Univ Santiago Compostela, Lugo, Spain. RP Manter, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Nutrient Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 344 EP 344 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300077 ER PT S AU Oak, SW Hwang, J Jeffers, SN Tkacz, BM AF Oak, Steven W. Hwang, Jaesoon Jeffers, Steven N. Tkacz, Borys M. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Phytophthora ramorum in USA Streams From the National Early Detection Survey of Forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Oak, Steven W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, FHP, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Hwang, Jaesoon; Jeffers, Steven N.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Tkacz, Borys M.] USDA Forest Serv, FHP, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Oak, SW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, FHP, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM soak@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 353 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300082 ER PT S AU Reeser, P Hansen, E Sutton, W Kanaskie, A Laine, J Thompson, M Goheen, EM AF Reeser, Paul Hansen, Everett Sutton, Wendy Kanaskie, Alan Laine, Jon Thompson, Michael Goheen, Ellen Michaels BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Using Rain Bucket Spore Traps to Monitor Spore Release During SOD Eradication Treatments in Oregon Tanoak Forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program C1 [Kanaskie, Alan; Laine, Jon; Thompson, Michael] Oregon Dept Forestry, 2600 State St, Salem, OR 97310 USA. [Reeser, Paul; Hansen, Everett; Sutton, Wendy] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goheen, Ellen Michaels] USDA Forest Serv, SW OR Forest Insect & Dis Serv Ctr, Central Point, OR 97502 USA. RP Kanaskie, A (reprint author), Oregon Dept Forestry, 2600 State St, Salem, OR 97310 USA. EM akanaskie@odf.state.or.us FU U.S. Depaitment of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA FS); Pacific Northwest Region; USDA FS Pacific Southwest Research Station FX Thanks to the U.S. Depaitment of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA FS), Pacific Northwest Region (Region 6) and USDA FS Pacific Southwest Research Station, for funding. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 358 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300085 ER PT S AU Seybold, SJ Coleman, TW Flint, ML AF Seybold, Steven J. Coleman, Tom W. Flint, Mary Louise BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Burn it, Chip it, or Tarp it, but Just Don't Move it: Managing Oak Firewood Infested With the Goldspotted Oak Borer, Agrilus coxalis auroguttatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program AB In June 2008, a new and potentially devastating pest of oaks, Quercus spp., was discovered in San Diego County, California. This pest, the goldspotted oak borer (GSOB), Agrilus coxalis auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), colonizes the sapwood surface and phloem of the bole and larger branches of at least three species of Quercus. Larval feeding kills patches and strips of the phloem and cambium resulting in crown dieback followed by mortality. Since 2002, aerial surveys in San Diego County have detected about 20,000 dead oaks. In a survey of forest stand conditions at three sites in this area, 67 percent of the oaks had external or internal evidence of GSOB attack. The damage is worst for mid-story and massive overstory oaks in the red oak group (subgenus Quercus, section Lobatae), which are succumbing to colonization at a rate of 90% in some areas. In the worst cases, up to 50% of oaks >12 cm are dying. Because of its recent discovery in California, specific management practices for GSOB are still being tested. However, given its potential for damage, landscape and land managers need guidelines for managing this pest now. We are beginning to develop the first components of an integrated pest management (IPM) program for this new pest based on IPM principles developed for other well-known Agrilus spp. pests of shade trees, for example, the bronze birch borer, A. anxius, and the emerald ash borer, A. planipennis. C1 [Seybold, Steven J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Coleman, Tom W.] USDA Forest Serv, Southern Calif Shared Serv Area, Forest Hlth Protect, San Bernardino, CA 92373 USA. [Flint, Mary Louise] Univ Calif, Dept Entomol, Statewide IPM Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Seybold, SJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific Southwest Res Stn, 720 Olive Dr,Suite D, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM sjseybold@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Invasive Species Program; Forest Health Protection, Pacific Southwest Region; Forest Health Monitoring Program FX The authors would like to thank the Pacific Southwest Region Forest Health Protection, the Pacific Southwest Research Station, and the Cleveland National Forest, Descanso Ranger District for logistical support of this work; Andreana J. Cipollone (U.S. Depar tment of Agriculture, Forest Service) and Stacy Hishinuma and Deguang Liu (Depar anent of Entomology, University of California, Davis) and Andrew D. Graves (Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis) for assistance with the project. Initial critical funding for this work was provided primarily by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Invasive Species Program; Forest Health Protection, Pacific Southwest Region; and by the Forest Health Monitoring Program. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 365 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300087 ER PT S AU Tooley, PW Browning, ME AF Tooley, Paul W. Browning, Marsha E. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Factors Affecting Onset of Sporulation of Phytophthora ramorum on Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID INOCULUM; FOREST C1 [Tooley, Paul W.; Browning, Marsha E.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM paul.tooley@ars.usda.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 373 EP 374 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300089 ER PT S AU Widmer, TL Samuels, GJ AF Widmer, Timothy L. Samuels, Gary J. BA Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM BF Frankel, SJ Kliejunas, JT Palmieri, KM TI Screening Trichoderma asperellum as a Mycoparasite on Phytophthora ramorum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUDDEN OAK DEATH FOURTH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium CY JUN 15-18, 2009 CL Santa Cruz, CA SP US Dept Agr, Pacif SW Res Stn, California Oak Mortal Task Force, US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Pacif SW Region, US Dept Agr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Univ California Cooperat Extens, California Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathology, Univ California Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; DISEASE; ROT AB Despite efforts of eradication and sanitation, Phytophthora ramorum persists in the United States and abroad. Fungicides have limited effectiveness, but there are concerns that they may only inhibit pathogen growth and resistance may develop. Biological control is an active control measure that can work continuously as long as the agent is alive and active. The goal of this study was to examine whether Trichoderma asperellum isolates are mycoparasitic on P. ramorum. Sixteen isolates of T. asperellum and other Trichoderma spp. that have demonstrated antagonism towards other Phytophthora spp., or were suspected to have mycoparasitic activity, were selected. The rate of mycoparasitism was determined by overlaying a strip of Trichoderma-colonized agar on a V8 agar plate colonized by P. ramorum (A2 mating type). Every 7 days for 4 weeks agar plugs were removed and transferred to V8 agar amended with benomyl (V8+B) or a wounded leaf disk of Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White.' Control plugs of P. ramorum, without exposure to the Trichoderma spp., always showed growth on V8+B and produced necrosis on the leaf disks. The different Trichoderma spp. isolates demonstrated variable mycoparasitic activities. Some isolates showed no inhibition of P. ramorum growth on V8+B or reduction in necrosis even from plugs removed directly below the Trichoderma strip. Other isolates showed a reduction in growth and necrosis over time, but did not completely eliminate the pathogen after 4 weeks. Six isolates of T. asperellum were consistent among replicated trials in eliminating growth of P. ramorum from the agar plugs and preventing leaf disk necrosis within 2 weeks exposure. Further testing of four of these six T asperellum isolates against two different P. ramorum isolates (A1 and A2 mating types) resulted in the same high level of mycoparasitic activity. We believe the results demonstrate that specific T. asperellum isolates have the potential to remediate P. ramorum-infested soil. Tests are ongoing to determine whether P. ramorum soil populations can be eliminated when treated with these isolates. C1 [Widmer, Timothy L.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. [Samuels, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Widmer, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis & Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM tim.widmer@ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Southwest PY 2010 VL 229 BP 375 EP + PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BA7EF UT WOS:000337495300090 ER PT S AU St Clair, SB Guyon, J Donaldson, J AF St Clair, Samuel B. Guyon, John Donaldson, Jack BE Luttge, U Beyschlag, W Budel, B Francis, D TI Quaking Aspen's Current and Future Status in Western North America: The Role of Succession, Climate, Biotic Agents and Its Clonal Nature SO PROGRESS IN BOTANY 71 SE Progress in Botany LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX.; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR; HIGH-ELEVATION FOREST; TREMBLING ASPEN; BOREAL FOREST; FIRE HISTORY; GYPSY-MOTH; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; GENETIC-VARIATION AB Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) exerts significant influence on the function and diversity of boreal and subalpine forests of western North America. Aspen's expansive range highlights its success in adapting to a variety of environmental conditions. Recent patterns of dieback and habitat loss suggest that shifts in environmental conditions appear to be placing constraints on aspen vigor in some, but not all portions of its western range. The objectives of this chapter are to outline recent trends in aspen's status in western North America and to establish a physiological framework for understanding current and future trends in aspen ecology in the context of succession dynamics, shifts in climate conditions and biotic factors, and aspen's clonal nature. The literature suggests that aspen decline is occurring in some areas but that trends are highly variable depending on: site characteristics, fire and succession, extreme climatic events, biotic agents, and human influence. C1 [St Clair, Samuel B.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Guyon, John] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84403 USA. [Donaldson, Jack] Living Biog, Orem, UT 84058 USA. RP St Clair, SB (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM stclair@byu.edu NR 150 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0340-4773 BN 978-3-642-02166-4 J9 PROG BOT JI Prog. Bot. PY 2010 VL 71 BP 371 EP 400 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-02167-1_14 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-02167-1 PG 30 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BMU31 UT WOS:000273574300014 ER PT B AU Yu, JJ Nierman, WC Bennett, JW Cleveland, TE Bhatnagar, D Campbell, BC Dean, RA Payne, G AF Yu, Jiujiang Nierman, William C. Bennett, Joan W. Cleveland, Thomas E. Bhatnagar, Deepak Campbell, Bruce C. Dean, Ralph A. Payne, Gary BE Rai, M Kovics, G TI GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS SO PROGRESS IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REGULATORY PROTEIN AFLR; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; NORSOLORINIC ACID; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SECONDARY METABOLISM; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; PARASEXUAL CYCLE; STERIGMATOCYSTIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE C1 [Yu, Jiujiang; Cleveland, Thomas E.; Bhatnagar, Deepak] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Dean, Ralph A.; Payne, Gary] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Campbell, Bruce C.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. [Bennett, Joan W.] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Nierman, William C.] George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC USA. [Nierman, William C.] Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM jiunjiang.yu@ars.usda.gov NR 142 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI JODHPUR PA PO BOX NO 91, 5A, NEW PALI RD, JODHPUR 342 001, INDIA BN 978-90-481-3712-1 PY 2010 BP 51 EP 73 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3713-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3713-8 PG 23 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA BPF86 UT WOS:000278777100002 ER PT S AU Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Hively, WD AF Reeves, J. B. McCarty, G. W. Hively, W. D. BE ViscarraRossel, RA McBratney, AB Minasny, B TI Mid- Versus Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for On-Site Analysis of Soil SO PROXIMAL SOIL SENSING SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Workshop on High Resolution Digital Soil Sensing and Mapping CY 2008 CL Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Australia's Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Environm Earth Sci Int Pty Ltd, Int Union Soil Sci, Australian Collaborat Land Evaluat Program HO Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources DE Soil analysis; Soil carbon; Soil nitrogen; Mid-infrared; Near-infrared; NIR ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Research has demonstrated that for the determination of soil carbon, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) is often more accurate and produces more robust calibrations than near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) when analysing ground, dry soils. But DRIFTS is not considered feasible on non-dried samples due to the strong water absorptions in the mid-infrared. Also, mid-infrared spectrometers are generally either sealed from the ambient atmosphere or purged with CO2-free dry air. While DRIFTS has been shown to be advantageous in the laboratory, if samples need to be ground and dried and instruments purged, it may not be practical for on-site analysis. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of ambient atmospheric conditions and soil state (ground, dried, etc.) on DRIFTS and NIRS calibrations for soil C and N. Results using a portable DRIFTS spectrometer over a wide range of ambient conditions demonstrated that purging is not necessary to obtain calibrations for C in soils equal to those obtained in the lab with dry or dried-ground samples. However, efforts with field-moist samples have demonstrated that while calibrations using DRIFTS can be developed with an accuracy equal to those obtained using NIRS, the calibrations may not be as robust and more research is needed. Comparing these results with results obtained using large-scale scanning such as remote imaging or in situ NIR (scanning on the fly with a tractor-drawn NIR unit) indicates that soil analysis in which the sample is analysed by both traditional analysis (combustion) and spectroscopic analysis as performed here results in better calibrations. However, a much smaller area of the total field is sampled. An important question that emerges is Which is more valuable, lots of lower quality information or much less information, but of perhaps much higher quality? C1 [Reeves, J. B.] USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM james.reeves@ars.usda.gov; greg.mccarty@ars.usda.gov; dean.hively@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8858-1 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 BP 133 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-431-8859-8_11 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BQR22 UT WOS:000281598600011 ER PT S AU Sudduth, KA Kitchen, NR Sadler, EJ Drummond, ST Myers, DB AF Sudduth, K. A. Kitchen, N. R. Sadler, E. J. Drummond, S. T. Myers, D. B. BE ViscarraRossel, RA McBratney, AB Minasny, B TI VNIR Spectroscopy Estimates of Within-Field Variability in Soil Properties SO PROXIMAL SOIL SENSING SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Workshop on High Resolution Digital Soil Sensing and Mapping CY 2008 CL Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Australia's Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Environm Earth Sci Int Pty Ltd, Int Union Soil Sci, Australian Collaborat Land Evaluat Program HO Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources DE Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; Regression kriging; Precision agriculture; Soil sensing; Near infrared ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Over the last three decades or more, researchers have estimated soil properties using visible and near-infrared (VNIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), with varying results. Using VNIR DRS for estimating soil property variation within fields is particularly challenging, because in many cases the variation in the property of interest may be relatively small and because of the need to deal with spatially correlated data. In this study, we used VNIR DRS to estimate the variability in soil physical and chemical properties within a typical production field in north-east Missouri, USA. Soil samples were obtained to 15 cm depth on a 30 m grid spacing, plus at a number of random sampling locations. Laboratory analyses were conducted for sand, silt, and clay fractions, organic matter, pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). VNIR reflectance of dried and sieved samples was obtained in the laboratory using a spectrometer with a wavelength range from 350 to 2,500 nm. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to estimate soil properties from spectra, both for the full range and for subset wavelength ranges above and below 1,000 nm. A regression kriging approach was used to account for spatial dependence. We found that for these soils, an NIR-only instrument (1,000-2,500 nm) would be able to quantify CEC, organic matter, and texture with accuracy similar to that front a VNIR (350-2,500 nm) instrument. Some soil properties, including CEC and pH, were well estimated with PLS regression, while others, including organic matter, were not. Coupling regression kriging with PLS regression improved estimates in some cases, but was not as effective as has been reported in some other studies. More advanced calibration methods should be investigated for their ability to improve within-field VNIR DRS results on these soils. C1 [Sudduth, K. A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov; Newell.Kitchen@ars.usda.gov; John.Sadler@ars.usda.gov; Scott.Drummond@ars.usda.gov; myersdb@ufl.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8858-1 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 BP 153 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8859-8_13 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BQR22 UT WOS:000281598600013 ER PT S AU McCarty, G Hively, WD Reeves, JB Lang, M Lund, E Weatherbee, O AF McCarty, G. Hively, W. D. Reeves, J. B., III Lang, M. Lund, E. Weatherbee, O. BE ViscarraRossel, RA McBratney, AB Minasny, B TI Infrared Sensors to Map Soil Carbon in Agricultural Ecosystems SO PROXIMAL SOIL SENSING SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Workshop on High Resolution Digital Soil Sensing and Mapping CY 2008 CL Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Australia's Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Environm Earth Sci Int Pty Ltd, Int Union Soil Sci, Australian Collaborat Land Evaluat Program HO Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources DE Mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; Near-infrared diffuse reflection spectroscopy; Partial least squares regression ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY AB Rapid methods of measuring soil carbon - such as near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy - have gained interest, but problems of accurate and precise measurement still persist as a result of the high spatial variability of soil carbon within agricultural landscapes. Tillage-based (meaning tine-mounted) and airborne-based spectral sensors offer the opportunity to effectively capture the spatial distribution of soil carbon within agricultural landscapes. We evaluated an airborne hyperspectral sensor covering the range 450-2,450 nm at 2.5 m spatial resolution and a tillage sensor covering the range 920-2,225 nm. We intensively sampled soils within five tilled agricultural fields within the flight path of the airborne sensor. The test fields were located on the Delmarva Peninsula in Maryland, USA. The quality of spectral data acquired by these field-based sensors was compared to laboratory-acquired spectral data in both NIR (1,000-2,500 nm) and MIR (2,500-25,000 nm) spectral regions for the soil samples taken at 304 geo-referenced locations within the fields. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models developed from the three NIR spectral data sources were very comparable, indicating that the two field-based NIR sensors performed well for generating spatial data. Although the laboratory-based MIR calibration was found to be substantially better than the laboratory-derived NIR calibration, current instrumentation limitations favour the use of NIR for in-field measurements. A 2.5 m resolution soil carbon map was produced for an agricultural field using the airborne hyperspectral image and the PLS calibration. This new approach for mapping soil carbon will permit better assessment of soil carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems at the landscape scale. Such data can be used to improve the landscape models which account for biogeochemical and soil redistribution processes that occur within often complex topographic and management settings. C1 [McCarty, G.] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McCarty, G (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM greg.mccarty@ars.usda.gov; dean.hively@ars.usda.gov; james.reeves@ars.usda.gov; megan.lang@ars.usda.gov; lunde@veristech.com; oweatherbee@spectir.com NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8858-1 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 BP 165 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8859-8_14 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BQR22 UT WOS:000281598600014 ER PT S AU Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Kremer, RJ Myers, DB AF Kitchen, N. R. Sudduth, K. A. Kremer, R. J. Myers, D. B. BE ViscarraRossel, RA McBratney, AB Minasny, B TI Sensor-Based Mapping of Soil Quality on Degraded Claypan Landscapes of the Central United States SO PROXIMAL SOIL SENSING SE Progress in Soil Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Global Workshop on High Resolution Digital Soil Sensing and Mapping CY 2008 CL Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Australia's Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Environm Earth Sci Int Pty Ltd, Int Union Soil Sci, Australian Collaborat Land Evaluat Program HO Univ Sydney Fac Agr, Food & Nat Resources DE Apparent soil electrical conductivity; Electrical conductivity; Erosion; Historical; Soil quality maps ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER AB Claypan soils (Epiaqualfs, Stagnic Luvisols) in the central United States have experienced severe erosion as a result of tillage practices of the late 1800s and 1900s. Because of the site-specific nature of erosion processes within claypan fields, research is needed to achieve cost-effective sensing and mapping of soil and landscape properties that quantify the soil's current ability to produce crops and provide ecosystem services the concepts of soil quality. In this research, ECa sensors, aerial imagery, yield mapping, and a horizontally operated penetrometer were used for high-resolution mapping of soil quality indicators on a 36-ha claypan soil field in Missouri. Field areas experiencing the most erosion now have reduced grain production, lower plant-available water capacity (PAWC), and slower infiltration. These same areas have higher soil penetration resistance (at 30 cm), yet greater subsoil nutrients. The conclusion of this synthesis is that combining sensor-based information provides a much clearer picture of spatially important characteristics of claypan soil quality and can be used by land managers to target remediation of degraded soils and implement precision conservation practices. C1 [Kitchen, N. R.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Newell.Kitchen@ars.usda.gov; Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov; Robert.Kremer@ars.usda.gov; myersdb@ufl.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-4774 BN 978-90-481-8858-1 J9 PROGR SOIL SCI PY 2010 BP 363 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-8859-8_31 PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BQR22 UT WOS:000281598600031 ER PT J AU O'Connor, TM Hughes, S Watson, KB Baranowski, T Nicklas, TA Fisher, JO Beltran, A Baranowski, JC Qu, H Shewchuk, RM AF O'Connor, Teresia M. Hughes, Sheryl Watson, Kathy B. Baranowski, Tom Nicklas, Theresa A. Fisher, Jennie O. Beltran, Alicia Baranowski, Janice C. Qu, Haiyan Shewchuk, Richard M. TI Parenting practices are associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in pre-school children SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Fruit; Vegetables; Pre-school children; Parenting; Feeding; Parenting practices; Diet; Negative affectivity ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; DIETARY-INTAKE; BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SHORT FORMS; STYLE; AVAILABILITY; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDHOOD AB Objective: Parents may influence children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in many ways, but research has focused primarily on counterproductive parenting practices, such as restriction and pressure to eat. The present study aimed to assess the association of diverse parenting practices to promote F&V and its consumption among pre-school children. Design: An exploratory analysis was performed on cross-sectional data from 755 Head Start pre-school children and their parents collected in 2004-5. Data included parent practices to facilitate child F&V consumption (grouped into five categories); parent-reported dietary intake of their child over 3d; and a number of potential correlates. K-means cluster analysis assigned parents to groups with similar use of the food parenting practice categories. Stepwise linear regression analyses investigated the association of parent clusters with children's consumption of F&V, after controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: A three-cluster solution provided the best fit (R(2) = 0.62), with substantial differences in the use of parenting practices. The cluster were labelled Indiscriminate Food Parenting, Non-directive Food Parenting and Low-involved Food Parenting. Non-directive parents extensively used enhanced availability and teachable moments' practices, but less firm discipline practices than the other clusters, and were significantly associated with child F&V intake (standardized beta = 0.09, P < 0.1; final model R(2) = 0.17) after controlling for confounders, including parental feeding styles. Conclusions: Parents use a variety of parenting practices, beyond pressuring to eat and restrictive practices, to promote F&V intake in their young child. Evaluating the use of combinations of practices may provide a better understanding of parental influences on children's F&V intake. C1 [O'Connor, Teresia M.; Hughes, Sheryl; Watson, Kathy B.; Baranowski, Tom; Nicklas, Theresa A.; Beltran, Alicia; Baranowski, Janice C.] Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Fisher, Jennie O.] Temple Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Ctr Obes Res & Educ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Qu, Haiyan; Shewchuk, Richard M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Birmingham, AL USA. RP O'Connor, TM (reprint author), Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM teresiao@bcm.edu OI Baranowski, Tom/0000-0002-0653-2222 FU National Cancer Institute [R01 CA102671]; USDA/ARS [6250-51000] FX Sources of funding: The present research was supported by funds from the National Cancer Institute (Grant R01 CA102671). This work is also a publication of the US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX) funded in part by the USDA/ARS (Cooperative Agreement 6250-51000). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement from the US government. Conflict of interest declaration: We have no conflict of interest to report. Contribution of authors.. R.M.S., T.A.N. and S.O.H. collaborated on the initial grant examining F&V intake in Head Start children. R.M.S. and H.Q. performed the cognitive mapping of the card sorts to identify the Parenting practice categories. K.B.W. pet-formed all other statistical analysis. All authors contributed to the conceptualization and interpretation of the analysis. T.M.O. drafted and coordinated the review of the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed drafts of the manuscript and approved the final version of the manuscript. Acknowledgements: The authors wish to thank Frank Franklin, Professor and Chair, Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health and the Principal Investigator at the Birmingham site of the larger grant examining F&V intake in Head Start children., as well as Michelle Feese, the Project Coordinator. The authors also thank the children and parents of Head Start who participated in the study. NR 49 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1017/S1368980009005916 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 559LZ UT WOS:000274827800011 PM 19490734 ER PT J AU Follett, RF Reed, DA AF Follett, Ronald F. Reed, Debbie A. TI Soil Carbon Sequestration in Grazing Lands: Societal Benefits and Policy Implications SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE 2008 Farm Bill; economic benefits; environmental benefits; legislation; pasture; rangelands; soil carbon sequestration ID MIXED-GRASS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; RANGELANDS; STRATEGIES; GRADIENT; PASTURES; PRAIRIE AB This forum manuscript examines the importance of grazing lands for sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC), providing societal benefits, and potential influences on them of emerging policies and legislation. Global estimates are that grazing lands occupy similar to 3.6 billion ha and account for about one-fourth of potential carbon (C) sequestration in world soils. They remove the equivalent of similar to 20% of the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) released annually into the earth's atmosphere from global deforestation and land-use changes. Atmospheric CO(2) enters grazing lands soils through photosynthetic assimilation by green plants, subsequent cycling, and sequestration of some of that C as SOC to in turn contribute to the ability of grazing lands to provide societal (environmental and economic) benefits in every country where they exist. Environmental benefits provided include maintenance and well-being of immediate and surrounding soil and water resources, air quality, human and wildlife habitat, and esthetics. Grazing lands contribute to the economic well-being of those living on the land, to trade, and to exchange of goods and services derived from them at local, regional, or national levels. Rates of SOC sequestration vary with climate, soil, and management; examples and conditions selected from US literature illustrate the SOC sequestration that might be achieved. Public efforts, policy considerations, and research in the United States illustrate possible alternatives that impact grazing lands. Discussion of US policy issues related to SOC sequestration and global climate change reflect the importance attached to these topics and of pending legislative initiatives in the United States. Addressing primarily US policy does not lessen the importance of such issues in other countries, but allows an in-depth analysis of legislation, US Department of Agriculture program efforts, soil C credits in greenhouse gas markets, and research needs. C1 [Follett, Ronald F.] ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, NRRC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Reed, Debbie A.] DRD Associates, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, NRRC, Bldg D,Suite 100,2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ronald.follett@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service (ARS) FX This publication is based upon work partially supported by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) under the ARS GRACEnet (Greenhouse Gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement Network) Project. NR 69 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 44 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.2111/08-225.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550FC UT WOS:000274112700002 ER PT J AU Perez-Quezada, JF Saliendra, NZ Akshalov, K Johnson, DA Laca, EA AF Perez-Quezada, Jorge F. Saliendra, Nicanor Z. Akshalov, Kanat Johnson, Douglas A. Laca, Emilio A. TI Land Use Influences Carbon Fluxes in Northern Kazakhstan SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE abandoned fields; Kazakh steppe; net ecosystem exchange; nonlinear modeling; water-use efficiency; wheat ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE ECOSYSTEMS; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; DIOXIDE FLUXES; CO2 EXCHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; CENTRAL-ASIA; RESPIRATION AB A mobile, closed-chamber system (CC) was used to measure carbon and water fluxes on four land-use types common in the Kazakh steppe ecoregion. Land uses represented crop (wheat or barley, WB), abandoned land (AL), crested wheatgrass (CW), and virgin land (VL). Measurements were conducted during the growing season of 2002 in northern Kazakhstan at three locations (blocks) 1.5-20 km apart. The CC allowed the measurement of the carbon flux components of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (R(E)) and soil respiration (R(S)), together with evapotranspiration (ET). Nonlinear regression analyses were used to model gross primary production (GPP) and ET as a function of photosynthetically active radiation (Q); R(E) and R(S) were modeled based on air (T(air)) and soil (T(s)) temperature, respectively. GPP, R(E), R(S), and ET were estimated for the entire year with the use of continuous 20-min means of Q, T(air), and T(s). Annual NEE indicated that AL gained 536 g CO(2).m(-2), WB lost - 191 g CO(2).m(-2), CW was near equilibrium (- 14 g CO(2).m(-2)), and VL exhibited considerable carbon accumulation (153 g CO(2).m(-2)). The lower GPP values of the land-use types dominated by native species (CW and VL) compared to WB and AL were compensated by positive NEE values that were maintained during a longer growing season. As expected, VL and CW allocated a larger proportion of their carbon assimilates belowground. Non-growing-season RE accounted for about 19% of annual RE in all land-use types. The results of this landscape-level study suggest that carbon lost by cultivation of VLs is partially being restored when fields are left uncultivated, and that VLs are net sinks of carbon. Estimations of carbon balances have important management implications, such as estimation of ecosystem productivity and carbon credit certification. C1 [Perez-Quezada, Jorge F.] Univ Chile, Dept Ciencias Ambientales & Recursos Nat Renovabl, Santiago, Chile. [Saliendra, Nicanor Z.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Akshalov, Kanat] Baraev Kazakh Res Inst Grain Farming, Shortandy, Kazakhstan. [Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Perez-Quezada, Jorge F.; Laca, Emilio A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Perez-Quezada, JF (reprint author), Univ Chile, Dept Ciencias Ambientales & Recursos Nat Renovabl, Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile. EM jorgepq@uchile.cl RI Perez-Quezada, Jorge/H-7129-2013 OI Perez-Quezada, Jorge/0000-0002-0449-7654 FU US Agency for International Development [PCE-G-00-98-00036-00]; University of California-Davis FX Research was funded by the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program, Grant PCE-G-00-98-00036-00 from the US Agency for International Development. J.P.-O. was funded by scholarships from the University of California-Davis.; The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the US Agency for International Development.; This publication was made possible through support provided to the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program by the Office of Agriculture, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, United States Agency for International Development under terms of Grant No, PCE-G-00-98-00036-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 82 EP 93 DI 10.2111/08-106.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550FC UT WOS:000274112700008 ER PT J AU Brown, J Angerer, J Salley, SW Blaisdell, R Stuth, JW AF Brown, Joel Angerer, Jay Salley, Shawn W. Blaisdell, Robert Stuth, Jerry W. TI Improving Estimates of Rangeland Carbon Sequestration Potential in the US Southwest SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE CENTURY model; Conservation Reserve Program; greenhouse gas management; land use change ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; GREAT-PLAINS; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; STORAGE; AGRICULTURE; UNCERTAINTY; LONG AB Rangelands make an important contribution to carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. We used a readily accessible interface (COMET VR) to a simulation model (CENTURY) to predict changes in soil carbon in response to management changes commonly associated with conservation programs. We also used a subroutine of the model to calculate an estimate of uncertainty of the model output based on the similarity between climate, soil, and management history inputs and those used previously to parameterize the model for common land use (cropland to perennial grassland) and management (stocking rate reductions and legume addition) changes to test the validity of the approach across the southwestern United States. The conversion of small grain cropland to perennial cover was simulated acceptably (<20% uncertainty) by the model for soil, climate, and management history attributes representative of 32% of land area currently in small grain production, while the simulation of small grain cropland to perennial cover + legumes was acceptable on 73% of current small grain production area. The model performed poorly on and and semiarid rangelands for both management (reduced stocking) and restoration (legume addition) practices. Only 66% of land area currently used as rangeland had climate, soil, and management attributes that resulted in acceptable uncertainty. Based on our results, it will be difficult to credibly predict changes to soil carbon resulting from common land use and management practices, both at fine and coarse scales. To overcome these limitations, we propose an integrated system of spatially explicit direct measurement of soil carbon at locations with well-documented management histories and climatic records to better parameterize the model for rangeland applications. Further, because the drivers of soil carbon fluxes on rangelands are dominated by climate rather than management, the interface should be redesigned to simulate soil carbon changes based on ecological state rather than practice application. C1 [Brown, Joel] New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Angerer, Jay; Blaisdell, Robert; Stuth, Jerry W.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Nat Resources Informat Technol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Brown, J (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, MSC 3JER,POB 3003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM joelbrow@nmsu.edu RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011; OI Salley, Shawn/0000-0002-6092-0154 FU Office of Agriculture, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, United States Agency [PCE-G-00-98-00036-00] FX This publication was made possible through support provided to the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program by the Office of Agriculture, Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade, United States Agency for International Development under terms of Grant No. PCE-G-00-98-00036-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 26 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 63 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.2111/08-089.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550FC UT WOS:000274112700014 ER PT B AU Joseph, JA Shukitt-Hale, B Willis, LM AF Joseph, James A. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Willis, Lauren M. BE SantosBuelga, C EscribanoBailon, MT Lattanzio, V TI Mitigation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Signaling by Fruit and Walnut Polyphenols: Implications for Cognitive Aging SO RECENT ADVANCES IN POLYPHENOL RESEARCH, VOL 2 SE Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Polyphenols CY JUL 08-11, 2008 CL Univ Salamanca, Salamanca, SPAIN SP Minist Ciencia & Technologia, Inst Nacl Invest Technol Agraria Alimentaria, Natraceutical Group, Phytolab HO Univ Salamanca ID SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS; BLUEBERRY SUPPLEMENTED DIET; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME-ACTIVITY; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; DENTATE GYRUS; AGED RATS; REACTIVE OXYGEN C1 [Joseph, James A.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Willis, Lauren M.] Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 153 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA BN 978-1-4051-9399-3 J9 REC ADV POLYPHEN RES JI Recent Adv. Polyphenol Res. PY 2010 VL 2 BP 283 EP 298 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BRI70 UT WOS:000282778500012 ER PT J AU Ozek, T Tabanca, N Demirci, F Wedge, DE Baser, KHC AF Ozek, Temel Tabanca, Nurhayat Demirci, Fatih Wedge, David E. Baser, K. Husnu Can TI Enantiomeric Distribution of Some Linalool Containing Essential Oils and Their Biological Activities SO RECORDS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Linalool; Chiral separation; Enantiomer; MDGC-MS; Lipodex E; Colletotrichum; Biological activity; Essential oil ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; LIPPIA-ALBA; CONSTITUENTS; ANTINOCICEPTION; AROMA; (-)-LINALOOL; CULTIVARS; BOLIVIA; ACETATE AB The enantiomeric composition of linalool was determined in 42 essential oils using chiral columns. Essential oils were analyzed by multidimentional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a non-chiral and chiral FSC columns combination with modified gamma-cyclodextrine (Lipodex E) as the chiral stationary phase without previous isolation of the compound from the mixture. The essential oils of Achillea, Ballota, Calamintha, Micromeria, Hedychium, Tanacetum, Coriandrum, Xanthoxylum, Ocimum, Thymus, Lavandula, Elettaria, Cinnamomum, Salvia, Origanum, Satureja, Nepeta, Stachys were used as source material for enantiomeric separation of linalool. Enantiomeric distribution of linalool showed (-)-linalool was much more common than the (+)-linalool in the essential oils in this study. (-)- and (+)-linalool enantiomers were evaluated for antimicrobial, antifungal and antimalarial activities. Both enantiomers demonstrated approximately 50% growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea at 48 hrs. C1 [Ozek, Temel; Demirci, Fatih; Baser, K. Husnu Can] Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. [Tabanca, Nurhayat; Wedge, David E.] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Ozek, T (reprint author), Anadolu Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. EM tozek@anadolu.edu.tr RI Baser, K. Husnu Can/C-3109-2008; OI Demirci, Fatih /0000-0003-1497-3017 FU USDA ARS NPURU; NIH, NIAID, Division of AIDS [AI 27094] FX Authors would like to thank S. Alan, I. Aslanyurek, E.S. Biskup, I. Chaudhary, H. Duman, N. Goren, M. Koyuncu, S. Kusmenoglu, S. Nacar, G. Tumen, B. Yildiz and late Prof. T. Baytop for supplying samples. The authors thank Ms. J. Linda Robertson, Mr. M. Dewayne Harries and Ms. Bethany Case for assistance with the bioautography and microdilution broth assays and the USDA ARS NPURU for financial support. We also thank Dr. Shabana I. Khan, Dr. Melissa R. Jacob, Mr. John Trott, Ms. Marsha Wright for their contributions in performing antimalarial and antimicrobial assays, which was supported by the NIH, NIAID, Division of AIDS, grant no. AI 27094. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 14 PU ACG PUBLICATIONS PI GEBZE-KOCAELI PA EMLAK BANKASI MUTLUKENT KONUTLARI, OKYANUS 3 D-4, GEBZE-KOCAELI, 00000, TURKEY SN 1307-6167 J9 REC NAT PROD JI Rec. Nat. Prod. PY 2010 VL 4 IS 4 BP 180 EP 192 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Medicinal SC Plant Sciences; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 661EI UT WOS:000282706200002 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Gao, W Chang, NB AF Gao, Zhiqiang Gao, Wei Chang, Ni-Bin TI Detection of Multidecadal Changes in UVB and Total Ozone Concentrations over the Continental US with NASA TOMS Data and USDA Ground-Based Measurements SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE UVB; total ozone; Nimbus-7/TOMS; spatial analysis AB Thinning of the atmospheric ozone layer leads to elevated levels of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) at the Earth's surface, resulting in an increase of health risks to living organisms due to DNA damage. This paper examines the multidecadal changes of total column ozone from 1979 to 2005 with the aid of ground-based UVB stations using the ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer (UV-MFRSR). For the purpose of demonstration, four USDA ground stations, WA01, CO01, MD01, and AZ01, were selected for detailed comparisons against the satellite data. The major finding of this study is that over the course of the time series, on a monthly scale, the UV index (UVI) has increased at the four selected USDA stations while total ozone has decreased in the continental USA over the past three decades and spatial distributions of UVI and total ozone have shown substantial variations from coastal zones to the Midwest Regions of the USA, yet the tendency toward recovery of ozone layer in the continental USA cannot be fully confirmed. This leads to a conclusion that the UVI changes might have been influenced by other factors in addition to the total ozone in the atmospheric environment across at least 76% of the continental USA. C1 [Gao, Zhiqiang; Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Chang, Ni-Bin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM gaoland@gmail.com; wgao419@gmail.com; nibinchang@gmail.com RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU Creative group project of national key lab [1088RA400SA]; National 973 Key Project in China [2006CB403404]; "The Modification of Meteorological Observation of Anhui Province based on Technology of Remote Sensing and Modeling", USDA CSREES in the USA [2006-34263-16926] FX The authors of this paper are grateful for the financial support or technical support provided by Creative group project of national key lab (1088RA400SA), National 973 Key Project (2006CB403404) in China and "The Modification of Meteorological Observation of Anhui Province based on Technology of Remote Sensing and Modeling", USDA CSREES (2006-34263-16926) in the USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 262 EP 277 DI 10.3390/rs2010262 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HI UT WOS:000208401100011 ER PT J AU Hunt, ER Hively, WD Fujikawa, SJ Linden, DS Daughtry, CST McCarty, GW AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Hively, W. Dean Fujikawa, Stephen J. Linden, David S. Daughtry, Craig S. T. McCarty, Greg W. TI Acquisition of NIR-Green-Blue Digital Photographs from Unmanned Aircraft for Crop Monitoring SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE unmanned aerial vehicle; UAV; green NDVI; leaf area index; Triticum aestivum; winter wheat AB Payload size and weight are critical factors for small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Digital color-infrared photographs were acquired from a single 12-megapixel camera that did not have an internal hot-mirror filter and had a red-light-blocking filter in front of the lens, resulting in near-infrared (NIR), green and blue images. We tested the UAV-camera system over two variably-fertilized fields of winter wheat and found a good correlation between leaf area index and the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI). The low cost and very-high spatial resolution associated with the camera-UAV system may provide important information for site-specific agriculture. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Hively, W. Dean; Daughtry, Craig S. T.; McCarty, Greg W.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fujikawa, Stephen J.] IntelliTech Microsyst Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. [Linden, David S.] DSL Consulting Inc, Dexter, MI 48310 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104 BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov; Dean.Hively@ars.usda.gov; sfujikawa@imicro.biz; mail@edslcon.com; Craig.Daughtry@ars.usda.gov; Greg.McCarty@ars.usda.gov FU Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA); IntelliTech Microsystems, Inc. (Bowie, MD, USA) FX This project was funded by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with IntelliTech Microsystems, Inc. (Bowie, MD, USA). We thank Charlie Ng, Michael Tranchitella, Don Tatum, Lanny Herron, and David Yoel from IntelliTech Microsystems, Inc. and FalconScan, LLC. Also, we thank Ben Tilghman and Temple Rhodes for use of their field, and we thank Guy Serbin, Paul Biddle, and Antonio Periera, for assistance in the field. Finally, we thank the reviewers for suggestions which improved the manuscript. NR 34 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 7 U2 103 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 290 EP 305 DI 10.3390/rs2010290 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA V24HI UT WOS:000208401100013 ER PT S AU Hunt, ER Long, DS Eitel, JUH Daughtry, CST AF Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr. Long, Daniel S. Eitel, Jan U. H. Daughtry, C. S. T. BE Gao, W Jackson, TJ Wang, J TI Remote sensing of leaf chlorophyll content at multiple scales using red, green and blue bands SO REMOTE SENSING AND MODELING OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability VII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Triangular Greenness Index; Leaf reflectance; Digital cameras; SAIL model; Nutrient management ID VEGETATION INDEXES; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; NITROGEN STATUS; DIGITAL CAMERA; NARROW-BAND; WHEAT; CROP; COLOR; SENSITIVITY AB Leaf chlorophyll content is an important variable for agricultural remote sensing because of its close relationship to leaf nitrogen content. We propose a triangular greenness index (TGI), which calculates the area of a triangle with three points: (lambda r, Rr), (lambda g, Rg), and (lambda b, Rb). TGI was correlated with chlorophyll content using a variety of leaf and plot reflectance data. However, indices using the chlorophyll red-edge (710-730 nm) generally had higher correlations. With broad bands, TGI had higher correlations than other indices at leaf and canopy scales. Simulations using a canopy reflectance model indicate an interaction among TGI, leaf area index (LAI) and soil type at low crop LAI, whereas at high crop LAI, TGI was only affected by leaf chlorophyll content. Excess nitrogen fertilizer causes numerous environmental problems, nitrogen management using remote sensing will help balance fertilizer applications with crop nitrogen requirements. C1 [Hunt, E. Raymond, Jr.; Daughtry, C. S. T.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hunt, ER (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8305-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7809 AR 780902 DI 10.1117/12.859142 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSU73 UT WOS:000285834300001 ER PT S AU Huang, YB Thomson, SJ AF Huang, Yanbo Thomson, Steven J. BE Neale, CMU Maltese, A TI Airborne multispectral and thermal remote sensing for detecting the onset of crop stress caused by multiple factors SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology XII CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE airborne remote sensing; multispectral imaging; thermal imaging; crop stress ID WEED INFESTATIONS; MANAGEMENT; IMAGERY; YIELD AB Remote sensing technology has been developed and applied to provide spatiotemporal information on crop stress for precision management. A series of multispectral images over a field planted cotton, corn and soybean were obtained by a Geospatial Systems MS4100 camera mounted on an Air Tractor 402B airplane equipped with Camera Link in a Magma converter box triggered by Terraverde Dragonfly (R) flight navigation and imaging control software. The field crops were intentionally stressed by applying glyphosate herbicide via aircraft and allowing it to drift near-field. Aerial multispectral images in the visible and near-infrared bands were manipulated to produce vegetation indices, which were used to quantify the onset of herbicide induced crop stress. The vegetation indices normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) showed the ability to monitor crop response to herbicide-induced injury by revealing stress at different phenological stages. Two other fields were managed with irrigated versus no-irrigated treatments, and those fields were imaged with both the multispectral system and an Electrophysics PV-320T thermal imaging camera on board an Air Tractor 402B aircraft. Thermal imagery indicated water stress due to deficits in soil moisture, and a proposed method of determining crop cover percentage using thermal imagery was compared with a multispectral imaging method. Development of an image fusion scheme may be necessary to provide synergy and improve overall water stress detection ability. C1 [Huang, Yanbo; Thomson, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, CPSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Huang, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPSRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yanbo.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8341-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7824 AR 78240E DI 10.1117/12.864190 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ23 UT WOS:000287751300012 ER PT J AU Carwell, DB Pitchford, JA Gentry, GT Blackburn, H Bondioli, KR Godke, RA AF Carwell, D. B. Pitchford, J. A. Gentry, G. T., Jr. Blackburn, H. Bondioli, K. R. Godke, R. A. TI BEEF CATTLE PREGNANCY RATES FOLLOWING INSEMINATION WITH AGED FROZEN ANGUS SEMEN SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carwell, D. B.; Gentry, G. T., Jr.; Bondioli, K. R.; Godke, R. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pitchford, J. A.; Gentry, G. T., Jr.] Ctr Reprod Biol, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Blackburn, H.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 MA 19 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 529CF UT WOS:000272492600040 ER PT J AU Rosenkrans, C Roe, M Brown, M Johnson, Z Brown, H Looper, M AF Rosenkrans, C., Jr. Roe, M. Brown, M. Johnson, Z. Brown, H. Looper, M. TI ASSOCIATION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS WITHIN THE BOVINE HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 GENE AND CALVING RATES SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosenkrans, C., Jr.; Roe, M.; Johnson, Z.; Brown, H.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Brown, M.] ARS, USDA, El Reno, OK USA. [Looper, M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 MA 246 BP 280 EP 281 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 529CF UT WOS:000272492600267 ER PT J AU Rosenkrans, C Banks, A Reiter, S Starkey, L Looper, M AF Rosenkrans, C., Jr. Banks, A. Reiter, S. Starkey, L. Looper, M. TI ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS AND CALVING RATES OF BRAHMAN-INFLUENCED COWS SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rosenkrans, C., Jr.; Banks, A.; Reiter, S.; Starkey, L.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Looper, M.] ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 MA 247 BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 529CF UT WOS:000272492600268 ER PT S AU Echternkamp, SE Aad, PA Spicer, LJ AF Echternkamp, S. E. Aad, P. A. Spicer, L. J. BE Lucy, MC Pate, JL Smith, MF Spencer, TE TI Comparisons of mRNA expression for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type 2 receptor (IGF2R) and IGF-1 in small ovarian follicles between cattle selected and not selected for twin ovulations SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC RUMINANTS VII SE Society of Reproduction and Fertility LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants CY SEP, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK C1 [Echternkamp, S. E.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS PI LOUGHBOROUGH PA SUTTON BONNINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH LE12 5RD, ENGLAND SN 2045-872X BN 978-1-907284-99-1 J9 SOC REPROD FERTIL PY 2010 VL 67 BP 553 EP 553 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA BUY76 UT WOS:000290717800107 ER PT S AU Cushman, RA Allan, MF McDaneld, TG Kuehn, LA Rempel, LA Lindholm-Perry, AK Snelling, WM Freetly, HC AF Cushman, R. A. Allan, M. F. McDaneld, T. G. Kuehn, L. A. Rempel, L. A. Lindholm-Perry, A. K. Snelling, W. M. Freetly, H. C. BE Lucy, MC Pate, JL Smith, MF Spencer, TE TI Using growth traits and adipose function to identify indicators of heifer fertility SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC RUMINANTS VII SE Society of Reproduction and Fertility LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants CY SEP, 2010 CL Anchorage, AK C1 [Cushman, R. A.; Allan, M. F.; McDaneld, T. G.; Kuehn, L. A.; Rempel, L. A.; Lindholm-Perry, A. K.; Snelling, W. M.; Freetly, H. C.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS PI LOUGHBOROUGH PA SUTTON BONNINGTON CAMPUS, LOUGHBOROUGH LE12 5RD, ENGLAND SN 2045-872X BN 978-1-907284-99-1 J9 SOC REPROD FERTIL PY 2010 VL 67 BP 561 EP 561 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA BUY76 UT WOS:000290717800115 ER PT B AU Agarwal, UP AF Agarwal, Umesh P. BE Sun, RC Fu, SY TI ADVANCING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR LIGNIN APPLICATIONS SO RESEARCH PROGRESS IN PAPER INDUSTRY AND BIOREFINERY (4TH ISETPP), VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Emerging Technologies of Pulping and Papermaking CY NOV 08-10, 2010 CL Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP S China Univ Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Sci & Technol China, Minist Educ China DE Raman spectroscopy; lignin ID BLACK SPRUCE; CELL-WALLS; HEXENURONIC ACID; PICEA-MARIANA; WOOD; QUANTIFICATION; CALIBRATION; PULPS AB Over last 25 years, lignin applications of Raman spectroscopy have come a long way. This article provides a brief overview of the advances in the field of lignin. The paper heavily draws on author's own research although where appropriate examples are included from published work of other researchers. It is emphasized that the developments in Raman instrumentation along with applications of various sub-techniques and effects have made Raman spectroscopy a versatile and user-friendly method for lignin research. C1 FS, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Agarwal, UP (reprint author), FS, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM uagarwal@fs.fed.us NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOUTH CHINA UNIV TECHNOLOGY PRESS PI GUANGZHOU PA GUANGZHOU 510641, GUANGDONG, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5623-2661-8 PY 2010 BP 319 EP 322 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science GA BUA80 UT WOS:000288685700078 ER PT S AU Katayama, A Bhula, R Burns, GR Carazo, E Felsot, A Hamilton, D Harris, C Kim, YH Kleter, G Koedel, W Linders, J Peijnenburg, JGMW Sabljic, A Stephenson, RG Racke, DK Rubin, B Tanaka, K Unsworth, J Wauchope, RD AF Katayama, Arata Bhula, Raj Burns, G. Richard Carazo, Elizabeth Felsot, Allan Hamilton, Denis Harris, Caroline Kim, Yong-Hwa Kleter, Gijs Koedel, Werner Linders, Jan Peijnenburg, J. G. M. Willie Sabljic, Aleksandar Stephenson, R. Gerald Racke, D. Kenneth Rubin, Baruch Tanaka, Keiji Unsworth, John Wauchope, R. Donald BE Whitcare, DM TI Bioavailability of Xenobiotics in the Soil Environment SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 203 SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; BOUND PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; FIELD-MOIST SOILS; ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED SOILS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; EARTHWORMS EISENIA-FOETIDA; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; BACTERIAL OUTER-MEMBRANE; NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUIDS C1 [Katayama, Arata] Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Bhula, Raj] Australian Pesticides & Vet Med Author, Kingston, ACT, Australia. [Burns, G. Richard] Univ Kent, Res Sch Biosci, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, England. [Carazo, Elizabeth] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Contaminac Ambiental, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Felsot, Allan] Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Hamilton, Denis] Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Harris, Caroline] Exponent Int Ltd, Harrogate HG2 8RE, England. [Kim, Yong-Hwa] Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Toxicol Res Ctr, Environm Toxicol Team, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Kleter, Gijs] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, RIKILT Inst Food Safety, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, Netherlands. [Koedel, Werner] Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany. [Linders, Jan; Peijnenburg, J. G. M. Willie] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Sabljic, Aleksandar] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia. [Stephenson, R. Gerald] Univ Guelph, Dept Environm Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Racke, D. Kenneth] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Rubin, Baruch] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, RH Smith Inst Plant Sci & Genet Agr, Fac Agr Food & Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Tanaka, Keiji] Sankyo Agro Co Ltd, Yasu, Shiga 5202342, Japan. [Wauchope, R. Donald] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Katayama, A (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. EM a-katayama@esi.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Raj.bhula@apvma.gov.au; R.G.Burns@ukc.ac.uk; ecarazo@cariari.ucr.ac.cr; afelsot@tricity.weu.edu; denis.hamilton@dpi.gld.gov.au; charris@uk.exponent.com; yhkim@kitox.re.kr; Gijs.Kleter@wur.nl; Koerdel@ime.fraunhofer.de; Jan.Linders@rivm.nl; WJGM.Peijnenburg@rivm.nl; sabljic@mail.irb.hr; Gerry.stephenson@rogers.com; kracke@dow.com; rubin@agri.huji.ac.il; tkeiji@sankyo-agro.co.jp; johnlydiaunsworth@compuserve.com; wauchope@friendlycity.net RI Sabljic, Aleksandar/D-4146-2011; OI peijnenburg, willie/0000-0003-2958-9149 NR 395 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 109 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 978-1-4419-1351-7 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2010 VL 203 BP 1 EP 86 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1352-4_1 PG 86 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BMP06 UT WOS:000273252800001 PM 19957116 ER PT J AU Bigelow, SW Canham, CD AF Bigelow, Seth W. Canham, Charles D. TI EVIDENCE THAT SOIL ALUMINUM ENFORCES SITE FIDELITY OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND FOREST TREES SO RHODORA LA English DT Article DE northern hardwood forest; calcicole; calcifuge; seedling survival; canopy tree; exchangeable calcium; exchangeable aluminum; site fidelity; plant-soil relationship ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; OAK QUERCUS-RUBRA; SUGAR MAPLE SEEDLINGS; RED OAK; TEMPERATE FORESTS; ACER-SACCHARUM; CANOPY TREE; GROWTH; CALCIUM AB Tree species composition of hardwood forests of the northeastern United States corresponds with soil chemistry, and differential performance along soil calcium (Ca) gradients has been proposed as a mechanism for enforcing this fidelity of species to site. We conducted studies in a southern New England forest to test if surface-soil Ca is more important than other factors in determining survival of seedlings of six common canopy tree species. Our hypothesis was that the calcicole species Acer saccharin)! and Fraxinus americana would show elevated survival rates at higher Ca levels, and that the calcifuge species A. rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus rubra, and Tsuga canadensis would show lower survival at high Ca. Other factors examined were 1) exchangeable magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and aluminum (Al); 2) understory light availability; and 3) identity of overstory tree species. In one study, seedlings were transplanted into plots fertilized with Ca or Mg sulfate and survival was measured over 2 years. In the other study, 1-year or 2-year survival of naturally established seedlings in stands dominated by mature trees of one of the six study species was followed. Fertilization with Ca or Mg did not affect survival of planted seedlings, but ambient exchangeable Al was strongly negatively correlated with survival of F. americana. Of the three species with sufficient naturally established seedlings, exchangeable Al plus a proxy for light (overstory tree identity) were the most important determinants of survival. Survival of A. saccharum declined and A. rubrum and F. grandifolia increased at higher levels of exchangeable Al. This pattern is consistent with the positions of these species along the soil gradient. We conclude that soil chemistry effects on seedling survival play a role in establishing the soil relationships characteristic of these species as adults, but that Al is more important than Ca in establishing these effects during the seedling stage. C1 [Bigelow, Seth W.; Canham, Charles D.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Bigelow, Seth W.] USDA FS, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Bigelow, SW (reprint author), Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. EM sbigelow@fs.fed.us RI Canham, Charles/F-6161-2011 OI Canham, Charles/0000-0001-8361-9148 FU National Science Foundation; Andrew Mellon Foundation; Netherlands Geosciences Foundation FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Andrew Mellon Foundation, and the Netherlands Geosciences Foundation. We thank C. Chase, N. van Gestel, and L. Schnurr for field and lab work; D. Bulkeley for help in the greenhouse; T. Cate for advice on seedling germination; J. Baldwin for statistical advice; the Childs family, the Great Mountain Forest Corporation, and the Kelda Group for forest access; and F. Dijkstra, three reviewers, and the associate editor for comments that improved the manuscript. This paper is a contribution to the programs of the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies and the U.S.D.A. Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB INC PI LAWRENCE PA P.O. BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0035-4902 J9 RHODORA JI Rhodora PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 112 IS 949 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.3119/08-32.1 PG 21 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 598YJ UT WOS:000277875700001 ER PT B AU Proctor, RH Desjardins, AE Moretti, A AF Proctor, Robert H. Desjardins, Anne E. Moretti, Antonio BE Strange, RN Gullino, ML TI Biological and Chemical Complexity of Fusarium proliferatum SO ROLE OF PLANT PATHOLOGY IN FOOD SAFETY AND FOOD SECURITY SE Plant Pathology in the 21st Century LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress for Plant Pathology 2008 (ICPP) CY 2008 CL Turin, ITALY ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; MAIZE EAR ROT; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; FUMONISIN B-1; GENE-CLUSTER; MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION; SECTION LISEOLA; BIOSYNTHETIC GENES; GARLIC BULBS C1 [Proctor, Robert H.; Desjardins, Anne E.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Moretti, Antonio] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod, Bari, Italy. RP Proctor, RH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. FU International Short-term Mobility Program, National Research Council, Italy FX We are grateful to Marcie L. Moore and Stephanie N. Folmar for excellent technical assistance and to Hira K. Manandhar and Gyanu Manandhar for collection of grain samples in Nepal. Partial funding was provided to RHP by the International Short-term Mobility Program, National Research Council, Italy. NR 81 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-8931-2 J9 PLANT PATH 21ST JI Plant Pathol. 21st Cent. PY 2010 BP 97 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8932-9_9 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BNK99 UT WOS:000274830400009 ER PT B AU Biancardi, E McGrath, JM Panella, LW Lewellen, RT Stevanato, P AF Biancardi, Enrico McGrath, J. Mitchell Panella, Leonard W. Lewellen, Robert T. Stevanato, Piergiorgio BE Bradshaw, JE TI Sugar Beet SO ROOT AND TUBER CROPS SE Handbook of Plant Breeding LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BETA-VULGARIS L.; YELLOW-VEIN-VIRUS; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; CERCOSPORA LEAF-SPOT; HETERODERA-SCHACHTII RESISTANCE; CYTOPLASMIC MALE-STERILITY; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; LARGE-SCALE ORGANIZATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; BOLTING GENE-B C1 [Biancardi, Enrico] CRA Ctr Colture Ind, Sede Di Rovigo, Italy. [McGrath, J. Mitchell] USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI USA. [Panella, Leonard W.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Lewellen, Robert T.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. [Stevanato, Piergiorgio] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Biotecnol, Padua, Italy. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), CRA Ctr Colture Ind, Sede Di Rovigo, Italy. EM enrico.biancardi@alice.it; mitchmcg@msu.edu; lee.panella@usda.ars.gov; robert.lewellen@usda.ars.gov; stevanato@unipd.it NR 308 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-92764-0 J9 HANDB PLANT BREED JI Handb. Plant Breed. PY 2010 VL 7 BP 173 EP 219 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7_6 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-92765-7 PG 47 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BRE84 UT WOS:000282531600006 ER PT J AU Hunt, DJ Handoo, ZA AF Hunt, David J. Handoo, Zafar A. BE Perry, RN Moens, M Starr, JL TI Taxonomy, Identification and Principal Species SO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; N-SP NEMATODA; MELOIDOGYNE-SPP. TYLENCHIDA; HOST-RANGE OBSERVATIONS; GENUS MELOIDOGYNE; SEM OBSERVATIONS; PARASITIZING COFFEE; PERINEAL PATTERNS; ENZYME PHENOTYPES; CENTRAL-AMERICA C1 [Hunt, David J.] CABI Europe UK, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. [Handoo, Zafar A.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hunt, DJ (reprint author), CABI Europe UK, Bakeham Lane, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. EM d.hunt@cabi.org; Zafar.Handoo@ars.usda.gov NR 214 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-492-7 PY 2010 BP 55 EP 97 PG 43 WC Agronomy; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA BWE01 UT WOS:000293695900004 ER PT J AU Curtis, RHC Robinson, AF Perry, RN AF Curtis, Rosane H. C. Robinson, A. Forest Perry, Roland N. BE Perry, RN Moens, M Starr, JL TI Hatch and Host Location SO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA JUVENILES; POTATO CYST-NEMATODE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SURFACE-COAT; PRATYLENCHUS-PENETRANS; LIFE-CYCLE; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS C1 [Curtis, Rosane H. C.; Perry, Roland N.] Rothamsted Res, Plant Pathol & Microbiol Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Robinson, A. Forest] ARS, USDA, So Crops Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Curtis, RHC (reprint author), Rothamsted Res, Plant Pathol & Microbiol Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. EM rosane.curtis@bbsrc.ac.uk; robinson.forest@gmail.com; roland.perry@bbsrc.ac.uk; roland.perry@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 171 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-492-7 PY 2010 BP 139 EP 162 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA BWE01 UT WOS:000293695900007 ER PT J AU Chitwood, DJ Perry, RN AF Chitwood, David J. Perry, Roland N. BE Perry, RN Moens, M Starr, JL TI Reproduction, Physiology and Biochemistry SO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; STAGE EXPRESSION PATTERN; N.-SP NEMATODA; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; 2ND-STAGE JUVENILES; CHORISMATE MUTASE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE GENE C1 [Chitwood, David J.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Perry, Roland N.] Rothamsted Res, Plant Pathol & Microbiol Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Chitwood, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 165-B,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM David.Chitwood@ars.usda.gov; roland.perry@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 134 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-492-7 PY 2010 BP 182 EP 200 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA BWE01 UT WOS:000293695900009 ER PT J AU Nyczepir, AP Thomas, SH AF Nyczepir, Andrew P. Thomas, Stephen H. BE Perry, RN Moens, M Starr, JL TI Current and Future Management Strategies in Intensive Crop Production Systems SO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA REPRODUCTION; GASTRODIA ANTIFUNGAL PROTEIN; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ROTUNDUS; ACCELERATED DEGRADATION; SOIL SOLARIZATION; PURPLE NUTSEDGE; CHILE PEPPERS; NICKEL DEFICIENCY C1 [Nyczepir, Andrew P.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Thomas, Stephen H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Nyczepir, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM Andy.Nyczepir@ars.usda.gov; stthomas@nmsu.edu NR 186 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-492-7 PY 2010 BP 412 EP 443 PG 32 WC Agronomy; Zoology SC Agriculture; Zoology GA BWE01 UT WOS:000293695900019 ER PT B AU Reynolds, CA AF Reynolds, Curt A. BE Gebremichael, M Hossain, F TI Real-Time Hydrology Operations at USDA for Monitoring Global Soil Moisture and Auditing National Crop Yield Estimates SO SATELLITE RAINFALL APPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Precipitation; Evapotranspiration; Soil moisture; Passive microwave; Satellite radar altimetry; Crop yield estimates ID RESOLUTION; MICROWAVE; CLIMATE AB Global precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, vegetation health, and lake water heights data sets are several operational data sets continuously monitored by crop analysts from the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of USDA to identify global weather and vegetation health anomalies that may affect national crop yield and production in foreign countries. Three relatively new satellite-derived precipitation data sets were recently introduced into the USDA/FAS crop monitoring system, along with two new soil moisture products that utilize passive microwave (PMW). Comparison results indicate no operational global precipitation data set is correct at all times for all geographic areas and those that combine station gauge (SG), polar-orbiting passive microwave and geo-stationary infrared (IR) data tend to perform better. C1 Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, OGA, IPAD, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Reynolds, CA (reprint author), Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, OGA, IPAD, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM curt.reynolds@fas.usda.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-2914-0 PY 2010 BP 267 EP 293 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7_16 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2915-7 PG 27 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA BMM12 UT WOS:000272785900016 ER PT J AU Dey, DC Gardiner, ES Kabrick, JM Stanturf, JA Jacobs, DF AF Dey, Daniel C. Gardiner, Emile S. Kabrick, John M. Stanturf, John A. Jacobs, Douglass F. TI Innovations in afforestation of agricultural bottomlands to restore native forests in the eastern USA SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE afforestation; artificial regeneration; bottomland forest; restoration; silviculture ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; SEEDLINGS INTERPLANTED BENEATH; PLANTING STOCK QUALITY; STAND-DEVELOPMENT; HARDWOOD REFORESTATION; FIELD PERFORMANCE; MISSOURI RIVER; CHERRYBARK OAK; RED OAK; REGENERATION AB Establishing trees in agricultural bottomlands is challenging because of intense competition, flooding and herbivory. A summary is presented of new practices and management systems for regenerating trees in former agricultural fields in the eastern USA. Innovations have come from improvements in planting stock and new silvicultural systems that restore ecological function more quickly than traditional afforestation with single-species stands. Advances in nursery production of large (e. g. 1-2 m tall; 1.5-2.0 cm basal diameter) bareroot and container seedlings with well-developed root systems have led to increases in survival and growth, and early seed production. In addition to planting high-quality seedlings, managing vegetation is critical to regeneration success. Planting seedlings with cover crops such as redtop grass (Agrostis gigantea Roth) may improve tree survival and growth by controlling competing vegetation and reducing animal herbivory. An innovative strategy that simulates natural succession involves interplanting later seral species such as Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palm.) in young plantations of pioneer species such as Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Populus L. acts as a nurse crop for Quercus L. by reducing biomass of competing vegetation without seriously limiting Quercus L. seedling growth or function. Harvest of the short-rotation Populus L. crop releases the well-established Quercus L. trees. Success in afforestation requires planting high-quality seedlings using management practices that promote survival and growth. Restoration based on ecosystem processes, using tree species that have complementary ecological requirements, will be more successful and affordable than other methods. C1 [Dey, Daniel C.; Kabrick, John M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gardiner, Emile S.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Stanturf, John A.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jacobs, Douglass F.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@fs.fed.us OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2010 VL 25 SU 8 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1080/02827581.2010.485822 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 626JV UT WOS:000279963200006 ER PT J AU Berrill, JP Dagley, CM AF Berrill, John-Pascal Dagley, Christa M. TI Assessing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) restoration after southern pine beetle kill using a compact experimental design SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE logistic mixed-effects model; Pinus palustris; split-plot design; stand establishment; weed control ID PRESCRIBED FIRE; MILL. SEEDLINGS; WEED-CONTROL; GROWTH; FERTILIZATION; SURVIVAL AB A compact experimental design and analysis is presented of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) survival and growth in a restoration project in the Piedmont region of Georgia, USA. Longleaf pine seedlings were planted after salvage logging and broadcast burning in areas of catastrophic southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) attacks on even-aged mixed pine-hardwood forests. The split-plot design with randomized complete blocks was replicated on four sites. Main treatments were: chemical control of competing vegetation with herbicides; mechanical mowing to remove above-ground competition; and an untreated control. Nested within fixed-area treatment plots were single-tree plots centered on longleaf pine seedlings where adjacent vegetation was assessed immediately before treatment in years 1 and 2. Treatments applied to single-tree plots comprised three sizes of sprayed area around seedlings in chemical treatment plots. Logistic mixed-effects models indicated that initial survival was impacted by herbaceous vegetation but remained unaffected by the various vegetation control treatments applied later in year 1. Control of above- and below-ground competition around planted seedlings by mowing in conjunction with herbicide treatments resulted in significantly greater frequency of emergence from the grass stage, accelerating development of longleaf pine planted to restore beetle-killed areas in the Piedmont region of Georgia. C1 [Berrill, John-Pascal] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Dagley, Christa M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Berrill, JP (reprint author), Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM pberrill@humboldt.edu NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2010 VL 25 SU 8 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1080/02827581.2010.485821 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 626JV UT WOS:000279963200011 ER PT J AU Magnussen, S Tomppo, E McRoberts, RE AF Magnussen, Steen Tomppo, Erkki McRoberts, Ronald E. TI A model-assisted k-nearest neighbour approach to remove extrapolation bias SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bernstein basis functions; extrapolation bias; multivariate calibration; non-parametric prediction ID MULTISOURCE FOREST INVENTORY; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; DIMENSION REDUCTION; SENSING DATA; CALIBRATION; REGRESSION; IMPUTATION; DATABASES; IMAGERY; ERRORS AB In applications of the k-nearest neighbour technique (kNN) with real-valued attributes of interest (Y) the predictions are biased for units with ancillary values of X with poor or no representation in a sample of n units. In this article a model-assisted calibration is proposed that reduces unit-level extrapolation bias. The bias is estimated as the difference in model-based predictions of Y given the X-values of the true k nearest units and the k selected reference units. Calibrated kNN predictions are then obtained by adding this difference to the original kNN prediction. The relationship is modelled between Yand X with decorrelated X-variables, variables scaled to the interval [0,1] and Bernstein basis functions to capture changes in Y as a function of changes in X. Three examples with actual forest inventory data from Italy, the USA and Finland demonstrated that calibrated kNN predictions were, on average, closer to their true values than non-calibrated predictions. Calibrated predictions had a range much closer to the actual range of Y than non-calibrated predictions. C1 [Magnussen, Steen] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Tomppo, Erkki] Finnish Forest Res Inst, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland. [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Magnussen, S (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, 506 W Burnside Rd, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. EM steen.magnussen@nrcan.gc.ca OI magnussen, steen/0000-0002-5655-768X NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1080/02827581003667348 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 587TY UT WOS:000277017300010 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Cohen, WB Naesset, E Stehman, SV Tomppo, EO AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Cohen, Warren B. Naesset, Erik Stehman, Stephen V. Tomppo, Erkki O. TI Using remotely sensed data to construct and assess forest attribute maps and related spatial products SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE accuracy assessment; change detection; inference; lidar; prediction ID LASER SCANNER DATA; LAND-COVER MAPS; THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; FOOTPRINT AIRBORNE LIDAR; DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; SATELLITE DATA; TIME-SERIES; TREE HEIGHT AB Tremendous advances in the construction and assessment of forest attribute maps and related spatial products have been realized in recent years, partly as a result of the use of remotely sensed data as an information source. This review focuses on the current state of techniques for the construction and assessment of remote sensing-based maps and addresses five topic areas: statistical classification and prediction techniques used to construct maps and related spatial products, accuracy assessment methods, map-based statistical inference, and two emerging topics, change detection and use of lidar data. Multiple general conclusions were drawn from the review: (1) remotely sensed data greatly contribute to the construction of forest attribute maps and related spatial products and to the reduction of inventory costs; (2) parametric prediction techniques, accuracy assessment methods and probability-based (design-based) inferential methods are generally familiar and mature, although inference is surprisingly seldom addressed; (3) non-parametric prediction techniques and model-based inferential methods lack maturity and merit additional research; (4) change detection methods, with their great potential for adding a spatial component to change estimates, will mature rapidly; and (5) lidar applications, although currently immature, add an entirely new dimension to remote sensing research and will also mature rapidly. Crucial forest sustainability and climate change applications will continue to push all aspects of remote sensing to the forefront of forest research and operations. C1 [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cohen, Warren B.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Naesset, Erik] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, As, Norway. [Stehman, Stephen V.] SUNY Syracuse, Syracuse, NY USA. [Tomppo, Erkki O.] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Helsinki, Finland. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 233 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 38 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 EI 1651-1891 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 340 EP 367 DI 10.1080/02827581.2010.497496 PG 28 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 632UP UT WOS:000280454800007 ER PT J AU McRoberts, RE Tomppo, EO Naesset, E AF McRoberts, Ronald E. Tomppo, Erkki O. Naesset, Erik TI Advances and emerging issues in national forest inventories SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE estimation; harmonization; interference; k-nearest neighbor; lidar; remote sensing ID AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER; NEAREST-NEIGHBOR IMPUTATION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; INDIVIDUAL TREES; AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS; LANDSAT IMAGERY; BASAL AREA; LIDAR DATA; FIELD DATA; K-NN AB National forest inventories (NFIs) have a long history, although their current major features date only to the early years of the twentieth century. Recent issues such as concern over the effects of acid deposition, biodiversity, forest sustainability, increased demand for forest data, international reporting requirements and climate change have led to the expansion of NFIs to include more variables, greater diversity in sampling protocols and a generally more holistic approach. This review focuses on six selected topics: (1) a brief historical review; (2) a summary of common structural features of NFIs; (3) a brief review of international reporting requirements using NFI data with an emphasis on approaches to harmonized estimation; (4) an overview of inventory estimation methods that can be enhanced with remotely sensed data; (5) an overview of nearest neighbors prediction and estimation techniques; and (6) a brief overview of several emerging issues including carbon inventories in developing countries and use of lidar data. Although general inventory principles will remain unchanged, sampling designs, plot configurations and measurement protocols will require modification before they can be applied in countries with tropical forests. Technological advances, particularly in the use of remotely sensed data, including lidar data, have led to greater inventory efficiencies, better maps and accurate estimation for small areas. C1 [McRoberts, Ronald E.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Tomppo, Erkki O.] Finnish Forest Res Inst, Helsinki, Finland. [Naesset, Erik] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, As, Norway. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rmcroberts@fs.fed.us NR 101 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 368 EP 381 DI 10.1080/02827581.2010.496739 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 632UP UT WOS:000280454800008 ER PT J AU Fischer, AP Bliss, J Ingemarson, F Lidestav, G Lonnstedt, L AF Fischer, A. Paige Bliss, John Ingemarson, Fredrik Lidestav, Gun Lonnstedt, Lars TI From the small woodland problem to ecosocial systems: the evolution of social research on small-scale forestry in Sweden and the USA SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE diversification; forestry; management; multidisciplinary; non-industrial forest owners; objectives; policy ID CROSS-BOUNDARY COOPERATION; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; NATURE CONSERVATION; WILLAMETTE VALLEY; PRIVATE FORESTRY; CONSERVING OAK; UNITED-STATES; OWNERS; LANDOWNERS AB This review article deals with the evolution of academic small-scale forestry research in Sweden and the USA from its early focus on timber supply to present-day interest in stewardship objectives, characteristics and attitudes. Aiming at identifying fresh opportunities for research on small-scale forestry, it reflects on the questions that have dominated the literature over the past quarter of a century, the socioeconomic conditions under which those questions arose, and their influence on the evolution of the field. The goal was to explore key drivers for research over the past 25 years and identify emerging research themes, and by that provide insight into what developments may make the research enterprise more fruitful. With some exceptions, it is based on articles in refereed journals and to academic theses covering the time span 1985-2010. It reflects a reappraisal of the subject of the research and corresponding policies. Similar research tendencies are evident in both countries. Research historically focused on the practical problem of efficient production using a weak theoretical foundation. More recently, researchers have focused on understanding diverse motivations and roles that can be played. It is argued that the field of small-scale forestry research is ripe for new multidisciplinary approaches. C1 [Ingemarson, Fredrik; Lonnstedt, Lars] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Forest Prod, SE-75652 Uppsala, Sweden. [Fischer, A. Paige] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bliss, John] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lidestav, Gun] Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Forest Resource Management, Umea, Sweden. RP Lonnstedt, L (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci SLU, Dept Forest Prod, Box 7060, SE-75652 Uppsala, Sweden. EM lars.lonnstedt@sprod.slu.se NR 100 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA KARL JOHANS GATE 5, NO-0154 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0282-7581 J9 SCAND J FOREST RES JI Scand. J. Forest Res. PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1080/02827581.2010.498386 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 632UP UT WOS:000280454800010 ER PT S AU Curry, E Arey, B AF Curry, Eric Arey, Bruce BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC TI Apple Cuticle-The Perfect Interface SO SCANNING MICROSCOPY 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopy CY MAY 17-19, 2010 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE Physiological disorders; environmental stress; microcracking; microtubule; water stress ID MALUS-DOMESTICA BORKH.; EPICUTICULAR WAX; HEAT-TREATMENT; CALCIUM-UPTAKE; FRUIT; SURFACE; PLANTS; CULTIVARS; STORAGE AB The domestic apple might well be called an "extreme" fruit. In the arid Northwest United States, the fruit often tolerates surface temperatures ranging from -2 degrees C in the early spring to 50 degrees C in the heat of summer, and again to -2 degrees C during controlled postharvest storage for up to 12 months. During its 18-month existence, the apple maintains a cuticle that is dynamic and environmentally responsive to protect against 1) cellular water loss during desiccation stress and 2) excessive uptake of standing surface moisture. Physiological disorders of the peel such as russeting, cracking, splitting, flecking and lenticel marking, develop as epidermal cells respond to rapid changes in ambient conditions at specific developmental stages during the growing season. Resultant market losses underlie research investigating the nature of apple cuticle growth and development. Ultrastructural analysis of the pro-cuticle using scanning electron microscopy indicates an overlapping network of lipid-based distally-elongating microtubules--produced by and connected to epidermal cells--which co-polymerize to form an organic solvent-insoluble semi-permeable cutin matrix. Microtubule elongation, aggregation, and polymerization function together as long as the fruit continues to enlarge. The nature of lipid transport from the epidermal cells through the cell wall to become part of the cuticular matrix was explored using an FEI Helios NanoLab (TM) DualBeam (TM) focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope on chemically-and cryo-fixed peel tissue from mature or freshly harvested apples. Based on microtubule dimensions, regular projections found at the cell/cuticle interface suggest an array of microtubule-like structures associated with the epidermal cell. C1 [Curry, Eric] USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Curry, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM eric.curry@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 26 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8217-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7729 AR 77291P DI 10.1117/12.853913 PG 11 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BSS94 UT WOS:000285720600039 ER PT S AU Hurkman, WJ Wood, DF AF Hurkman, William J. Wood, Delilah F. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC TI Starch granule formation and protein deposition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) starchy endosperm cells is altered by high temperature during grain fill SO SCANNING MICROSCOPY 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopy CY MAY 17-19, 2010 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, Natl Inst Standard & Technol DE endosperm; grain fill; high temperature; starch granules; protein bodies; wheat ID SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; ACCUMULATION; GENES; SHOCK AB High temperatures during wheat grain fill decrease starch and protein levels, adversely affecting wheat yield and flour quality. To determine the effect of high temperature on starchy endosperm cell development, grain (Triticum aestivum L. 'Butte 86') was produced under a 24/17 degrees C or 37/28 degrees C day/night regimen imposed from flowering to maturity and starch and protein deposition examined using scanning electron microscopy. The high temperature regimen shortened the duration of grain fill from 40 to 18 days. Under the 37/28 degrees C regimen, A-and B-type starch granules decreased in size. A-type starch granules also exhibited pitting, suggesting enhanced action of starch degradative enzymes. Under both temperature regimens, protein bodies originated early in development and coalesced during mid to late development to form a continuous protein matrix surrounding the starch granules. Under the 37/28 degrees C regimen, the proportion of protein matrix increased in endosperm cells of mature grain. Taken together, the changes in starch granule number and size and in protein matrix amount provide clues for understanding how high temperature during grain fill can affect end use properties of wheat flour. C1 [Hurkman, William J.; Wood, Delilah F.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hurkman, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8217-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7729 AR UNSP 77291R DI 10.1117/12.853183 PG 8 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BSS94 UT WOS:000285720600040 ER PT S AU Wood, D Williams, T Glenn, G Pan, ZL Orts, W McHugh, T AF Wood, Delilah Williams, Tina Glenn, Gregory Pan, Zhongli Orts, William McHugh, Tara BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC TI Peering into the secrets of food and agricultural co-products SO SCANNING MICROSCOPY 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopy CY MAY 17-19, 2010 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, Natl Inst Standard & Technol DE microstructure; agricultural co-products; agwaste; minimal processing ID STARCH-GEL; BLUEBERRIES; FIBERS; FILMS; COMPOSITES; MATRICES AB Scanning electron microscopy is a useful tool for understanding food contamination and directing product development of food and industrial products. The current trend in food research is to produce foods that are fast to prepare and/or ready to eat. At the same time, these processed foods must be safe, high quality and maintain all or most of the nutritional value of the original whole foods. Minimally processed foods, is the phrase used to characterize these "new" foods. New techniques are needed which take advantage of minimal processing or processing which enhances the fresh properties and characteristics of whole foods while spending less time on food preparation. The added benefit coupled to less cooking time in an individual kitchen translates to an overall energy savings and reduces the carbon emissions to the environment. Food processing changes the microstructure, and therefore, the quality, texture and flavor, of the resulting food product. Additionally, there is the need to reduce waste, transportation costs and product loss during transportation and storage. Unlike food processing, structural changes are desirable in co-products as function follows form for food packaging films and boxes as well as for building materials and other industrial products. Thus, the standard materials testing procedures are coupled with SEM to provide direction in the development of products from agricultural residues or what would otherwise be considered waste materials. The use of agricultural residues reduces waste and adds value to a currently underutilized or unutilized product. The product might be biodegradable or compostable, thus reducing landfill requirements. Manufacturing industrial and packaging products from biological materials also reduces the amount of petroleum products currently standard in the industry. C1 [Wood, Delilah; Williams, Tina; Glenn, Gregory; Pan, Zhongli; Orts, William; McHugh, Tara] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wood, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8217-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7729 AR 772903 DI 10.1117/12.861953 PG 9 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BSS94 UT WOS:000285720600002 ER PT S AU Wood, DF Orts, WJ Glenn, GM AF Wood, Delilah F. Orts, William J. Glenn, Gregory M. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Joy, DC TI Microstructure of Desmanthus illinoensis SO SCANNING MICROSCOPY 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopy CY MAY 17-19, 2010 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE, Natl Inst Standard & Technol DE microstructure; Desmanthus illinoensis; Illinois bundle flower; calcium oxalate crystals; phytin ID PROTEIN BODIES; UMBELLIFEROUS SEEDS; GLOBOID CRYSTALS; EUCALYPTUS; INCLUSIONS AB Structure and histochemistry of mature seeds of Desmanthus illinoensis (Illinois bundle flower) show that the seed has typical legume structure. The seed can be separated into two major fractions including the seed coat/endosperm and the embryo. The seed coat consists of a cuticle, palisade sclereids, hour glass cells and mesophyll. Endosperm is attached to the inner portion of the seed coat and is thicker beneath the pleurogram in the center of the seed. The embryo consists mostly of two large cotyledons, the major storage structures of the seed. The cotyledons are high in protein which occurs in protein bodies. Protein bodies in the cotyledons include those without inclusions, those with phytin inclusions and those with calcium-rich crystals. The phytin inclusions are spherical and have high phosphorus and magnesium contents. The calcium-rich crystals are also included inside protein bodies and are druse-type crystals. C1 [Wood, Delilah F.; Orts, William J.; Glenn, Gregory M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wood, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8217-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7729 AR UNSP 77291V DI 10.1117/12.853464 PG 8 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BSS94 UT WOS:000285720600042 ER PT S AU Romkens, MJM AF Roemkens, M. J. M. BE Banasik, K Horowitz, AJ Owens, PN Stone, M Walling, DE TI Erosion and sedimentation research in agricultural watersheds in the USA: from past to present and beyond SO SEDIMENT DYNAMICS FOR A CHANGING FUTURE SE IAHS Publication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Sediment Dynamics for a Changing Future CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Warsaw, POLAND SP Hydroprojekt Sp, Minist Agr &Rural Dev, Geomor Technik Sp, AP Instruments, Reg Chamber Construct Engn, Polish Airlines LOT HO Warsaw Univ Life Sci DE erosion; sedimentation; sediment; TMDL; CEAP; dam removal; watershed models ID MODEL AB In ancient times, sediment and sedimentation were a blessing that brought fertility to the land and made it possible for people to live and prosper. This is the story of the Egyptians in the Nile Delta where they lived this way for thousands of years in harmony with annual floods that brought soil and nutrients to the land. In other places, sediment and sedimentation proved to be valuable for gaining new land (the Netherlands). But then in other places, and in recent times, sediment was seen as a nuisance that caused flooding, destroyed or damaged human habitat, and adversely impacted productive land because of excessive sedimentation. This article briefly discusses how erosion and sedimentation research in agriculture came to be what it is today in the USA. That experience has in many ways guided today's erosion and sedimentation research programmes and conservation efforts around the world. Secondly, and again in a limited way, the current focus of erosion and sedimentation research in the USA will be described as well as the problems the USA faces today and how they are addressed. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS USA. RP Romkens, MJM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS USA. EM matt.romkens@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 978-1-907161-10-0 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2010 VL 337 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BCA82 UT WOS:000309505900002 ER PT J AU Kovach, DA Widrlechner, MP Brenner, DM AF Kovach, D. A. Widrlechner, M. P. Brenner, D. M. TI Variation in seed dormancy in Echinochloa and the development of a standard protocol for germination testing SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLONA AB The North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station maintains more than 300 accessions of Echinochloa representing 15 species from a diverse cross-section of nations and growing conditions from around the world. With such a diverse collection, no single germination-testing protocol was adequate for accurately assessing their viability. By manipulating light conditions, we determined that some accessions were light-requiring and others were dark-requiring. However, no pattern was found for this response based on taxonomy or improvement status. Most accessions tested showed optimal germination when tests were conducted between 25 to 30 degrees C, hut both positive and negative photoblastic responses were sometimes expressed, even at lower temperatures. A sequential treatment of darkness followed by light revealed that skotodormancy (dormancy caused by darkness) was being induced in light-requiring seeds. Similarly, a sequential treatment with light followed by darkness revealed that photodormancy (dormancy caused by light) was being induced in dark-requiring seeds. Thus, without prior knowledge of the light requirements of a particular accession, we conclude that a side-by-side germination test where two replicates receive periodic light (12 hours at 30 degrees C / 12 hours dark at 20 degrees C) and the other two are tested in darkness (12 hours at 30 degrees C / 12 hours at 20 degrees C) is best for Echinochloa. This approach is recommended for germplasm centers, seed-testing laboratories, and others working with genetically and geographically diverse Echinochloa seed lots. C1 [Kovach, D. A.; Widrlechner, M. P.; Brenner, D. M.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn,Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kovach, DA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, N Cent Reg Plant Intro Stn,Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM david.kovach@ars.usda.gov FU Hatch Act; State of Iowa [1018] FX Journal paper of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 1018, was supported by Hatch Act and the State of Iowa. Mention of commercial brand names does not constitute an endorsement of any product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or cooperating agencies. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 559 EP 571 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 718FW UT WOS:000287107500004 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Wechter, WP Somai, BM Walcott, RR Keinath, AP AF Ling, K. -S. Wechter, W. P. Somai, B. M. Walcott, R. R. Keinath, A. P. TI An improved real-time PCR system for broad-spectrum detection of Didymella bryoniae, the causal agent of gummy stem blight of cucurbits SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AVENAE SUBSP CITRULLI; MAGNETIC CAPTURE HYBRIDIZATION; PHOMA; CUCUMBER; DIFFERENTIATION; PATHOLOGY; PROGRESS AB Gummy stem blight is a major disease of cucurbit crops caused by Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum). Previously, we used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles and specific PCR primers to sort a worldwide collection of isolates of D. bryoniae into two major genotypes, RAPD Group (RG) I and RG II. A recently developed real-time PCR assay for D. bryoniae specific only for isolates with the RG I genotype has limitations in practical disease diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to develop a new set of primers and Tay Man probe in conjunction with real-time PCR to detect both genotypes. This new Didymella detection system generated strong Ct values to a worldwide collection of D. bryoniae including 105 RG I, 13 RG II and 7 unassigned isolates. This broad spectrum and specific real-time PCR system could be used in routine seed and plant health diagnosis for D. bryoniae. C1 [Ling, K. -S.; Wechter, W. P.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Somai, B. M.] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Walcott, R. R.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Keinath, A. P.] Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM kai.ling@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative [2004-23605-14279] FX We thank Nelly Khalilian, Emily Fillippeli, Anita Castro and Andrea Gilliard for their excellent technical assistance. Funding for this research was provided in part by the United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Plant Biosecurity Program Award Number 2004-23605-14279 entitled "Magnetic capture hybridization and real-time multiplex PCR for the detection of seedborne pathogens". NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 EI 1819-5717 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 692 EP 703 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 718FW UT WOS:000287107500017 ER PT J AU Seiler, GJ AF Seiler, G. J. TI Germination and viability of wild sunflower species achenes stored at room temperature for 20 years SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEEDS; LONGEVITY; STORAGE; DORMANCY; GENEBANK AB Storage times and conditions affect the longevity of stored seeds. Achenes of two wild annual sunflower species, Helianthus annuus (common wild sunflower) and H. petiolaris (prairie sunflower), stored at room temperature (20 to 22 degrees C) at a relative humidity of approximately 22% in a bell jar in the laboratory for 20 years were evaluated for germination and viability. The efficacy of using gibberellic acid (GA(3)) as a germination medium to overcome dormancy was also tested. Germination of wild H. annuus achenes stored for 20 years was 13%, while H. petiolaris had only 1.5% germination. Germination of fresh achenes at harvest was 34.7% for H. annuus, and 18.5% for H. petiolaris. Stored wild H. annuus achenes had 90% positive staining using the tetrazolium viability test, while H. petiolaris had 80.2% indicating that the achenes were alive, but dormant. Treating scarified wild achenes with 1 mM GA(3) for one hour increased germination of the stored wild H. annuus achenes from 13% to 88%, and H. petiolaris from 1.5% to 85%. This indicates that the wild sunflower achenes stored at less than optimal conditions for long periods are dormant and should not be discarded as dead. This information will be useful for curation of wild sunflower germplasm. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM gerald.seiler@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU ISTA-INT SEED TESTING ASSOC PI BASSERSDORF PA ZUERICHSTR 50, PO BOX 308, CH-8303 BASSERSDORF, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 2010 VL 38 IS 3 BP 786 EP 791 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 718FW UT WOS:000287107500027 ER PT J AU Herlihy, B Watson, ZEP AF Herlihy, Barbara Watson, Zarus E. P. BE Guindon, MH TI Self-Esteem of African American Adolescent Girls SO SELF-ESTEEM ACROSS THE LIFESPAN: ISSUES AND INTERVENTIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIFE-SPAN C1 [Watson, Zarus E. P.] Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. [Watson, Zarus E. P.] USDA, Natl Finance Ctr, Dept Workforce Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Watson, Zarus E. P.] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Herlihy, B (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-203-88432-4 PY 2010 BP 173 EP 190 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA BUJ79 UT WOS:000289530500015 ER PT S AU Delwiche, SR Kim, MS Dong, YH AF Delwiche, Stephen R. Kim, Moon S. Dong, Yanhong BE Kim, MS Tu, IS Chao, K TI Damage and quality assessment in wheat by NIR hyperspectral imaging SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety II CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE hyperspectral imaging; wheat; Fusarium head blight; damage ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; FOOD QUALITY; SCAB; REFLECTANCE; CEREALS; KERNELS; SAFETY; SOUND AB Fusarium head blight is a fungal disease that affects the world's small grains, such as wheat and barley. Attacking the spikelets during development, the fungus causes a reduction of yield and grain of poorer processing quality. It also is a health concern because of the secondary metabolite, deoxynivalenol, which often accompanies the fungus. While chemical methods exist to measure the concentration of the mycotoxin and manual visual inspection is used to ascertain the level of Fusarium damage, research has been active in developing fast, optically based techniques that can assess this form of damage. In the current study a near-infrared (1000-1700 nm) hyperspectral image system was assembled and applied to Fusarium-damaged kernel recognition. With anticipation of an eventual multispectral imaging system design, 5 wavelengths were manually selected from a pool of 146 images as the most promising, such that when combined in pairs or triplets, Fusarium damage could be identified. We present the results of two pairs of wavelengths [(1199, 1474 nm) and (1315, 1474 nm)] whose reflectance values produced adequate separation of kernels of healthy appearance (i.e., asymptomatic condition) from kernels possessing Fusarium damage. C1 [Delwiche, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8140-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7676 AR 767607 DI 10.1117/12.851150 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS24 UT WOS:000285622800005 ER PT S AU Liu, YL Gamble, GR Thibodeaux, D AF Liu, Yongliang Gamble, Gary R. Thibodeaux, Devron BE Kim, MS Tu, IS Chao, K TI UV/visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic determination of cotton fiber and trash content in lint cotton waste SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety II CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE near infrared spectroscopy; UV / visible spectroscopy; cotton fiber; cotton trash; Shirley Analyzer AB Lint cleaning at cotton processing facilities is performed in order to remove the non-lint materials with minimal fiber damage. The resultant waste contains some degree of cotton fiber having good equal qualities, and hence is of great concern for operating cost. Traditional methods for measuring non-lint trash are labor intensive and time consuming. UV / visible / NIR technique was examined for its feasibility in determining the portions of cotton fiber and trash. Overall result indicated that NIR prediction was limited to screening purpose for probable reasons as heterogeneous trash distribution, relatively small sampling, and gravimetric reference method. C1 [Liu, Yongliang; Gamble, Gary R.; Thibodeaux, Devron] ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Liu, YL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM yongliang.liu@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8140-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7676 AR 767606 DI 10.1117/12.852290 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS24 UT WOS:000285622800004 ER PT S AU Lu, RF Ariana, DP Cen, HY AF Lu, Renfu Ariana, Diwan P. Cen, Haiyan BE Kim, MS Tu, IS Chao, K TI Characterization of the optical properties of normal and defective pickling cucumbers and whole pickles SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety II CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Cucumbers; pickles; quality; defect; optical properties; absorption; scattering; hyperspectral imaging ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; STEADY-STATE; TISSUE AB Internal defect in pickling cucumbers can cause bloater damage during brining, which lowers the quality of final pickled products and results in economic loss for the pickle industry. Hence it is important to have an effective optical inspection system for detection and segregation of defective pickling cucumbers. This research was intended to measure the spectral absorption and scattering properties of normal and internally defective pickling cucumbers and whole pickles, using hyperspectral imaging-based spatially-resolved technique. Spatially-resolved hyperspectral scattering images were acquired from 50 freshly harvested 'Journey' pickling cucumbers in the summer of 2008. The cucumbers were then subjected to rolling under mechanical load to induce internal damage. The damaged cucumbers were imaged again one hour and one day after the mechanical stress treatment. In addition, 20 whole pickles each of normal and defective (bloated) class were also measured by following the same procedure as that for pickling cucumbers. Spectra of the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients for pickling cucumbers and whole pickles were extracted from the spatially-resolved scattering profiles, using an inverse algorithm for a diffusion theory model, for the spectral range of 700-1,000 nm. It was found that within one hour after mechanical damage, changes in the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients for the cucumbers were minimal. One day after mechanical damage, the absorption coefficient for the cucumbers increased noticeably for the wavelengths of 700-920 nm, whereas the reduced scattering coefficient decreased more significantly for the wavelengths of 700-1,000 nm. Overall mechanical damage had greater impact on the scattering properties than on the absorption properties. After brining, pickles became translucent and scattering was greatly diminished. Thus the diffusion theory model was no longer valid for determining the optical properties of whole pickles. This research suggests that effective defect detection may be achieved by enhancing scattering features in the optical evaluation of cucumbers. C1 [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA, Agri Res Serv, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, Agri Res Serv, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8140-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7676 AR 76760G DI 10.1117/12.852636 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS24 UT WOS:000285622800011 ER PT S AU Park, B Yoon, SC Windham, WR Lawrence, KC Heitschmidt, GW Kim, MS Chao, K AF Park, Bosoon Yoon, Seung-Chul Windham, William R. Lawrence, Kurt C. Heitschmidt, G. W. Kim, Moon S. Chao, Kaunglin BE Kim, MS Tu, IS Chao, K TI Line-scan Hyperspectral Imaging for Real-time Poultry Fecal Detection SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety II CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral; Multispectral Imaging; Food safety; On-line Inspection; Poultry; Fecal inspection; Machine vision; Imaging spectroscopy ID DETECTION ACCURACY; CARCASSES; SYSTEM AB The ARS multispectral imaging system with three-band common aperture camera was able to inspect fecal contaminants in real-time mode during poultry processing. Recent study has demonstrated several image processing methods including binning, cuticle removal filter, median filter, and morphological analysis in real-time mode could remove false positive errors. The ARS research groups and their industry partner are now merging the fecal detection and systemically disease detection systems onto a common platform using line-scan hyperspectral imaging system. This system will aid in commercialization by creating one hyperspectral imaging system with user-defined wavelengths that can be installed in different locations of the processing line to solve significant food safety problems. Therefore, this research demonstrated the feasibility of line-scan hyperspectral imaging system in terms of processing speed and detection accuracy for a real-time, on-line fecal detection at current processing speed (140 birds per minute) of commercial poultry plant. The newly developed line-scan hyperspectral imaging system could improve Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)'s poultry safety inspection program significantly. C1 [Park, Bosoon; Yoon, Seung-Chul; Windham, William R.; Lawrence, Kurt C.; Heitschmidt, G. W.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM bosoon.park@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8140-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7676 AR 76760I DI 10.1117/12.850258 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS24 UT WOS:000285622800012 ER PT S AU Qin, JW Jun, W Kim, MS Chao, KL AF Qin, Jianwei Jun, Won Kim, Moon S. Chao, Kuanglin BE Kim, MS Tu, IS Chao, K TI Detection of Organic Residues on Food Processing Equipment Surfaces by Spectral Imaging Method SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety II CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Food safety; Sanitation monitoring; Spectroscopy; Imaging; Fluorescence; LED; Poultry ID MULTISPECTRAL DETECTION; FECAL CONTAMINATION; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; CARCASSES; CHICKEN; SYSTEM AB Organic residues on equipment surfaces in poultry processing plants can generate cross contamination and increase the risk of unsafe food for consumers. This research was aimed to investigate the potential of LED-induced fluorescence imaging technique for rapid inspection of organic residues on poultry processing equipment surfaces. High-power blue LEDs with a spectral output at 410 nm were used as the excitation source for a line-scanning hyperspectral imaging system. Common chicken residue samples including fat, blood, and feces from ceca, colon, duodenum, and small intestine were prepared on stainless steel sheets. Fluorescence emission images were acquired from 120 samples (20 for each type of residue) in the wavelength range of 500-700 nm. LED-induced fluorescence characteristics of the tested samples were determined. PCA (principal component analysis) was performed to analyze fluorescence spectral data. Two SIMCA (soft independent modeling of class analogy) models were developed to differentiate organic residues and stainless steel samples. Classification accuracies using 2-class ('stainless steel' and 'organic residue') and 4-class ('stainless steel', 'fat', 'blood', and 'feces') SIMCA models were 100% and 97.5%, respectively. An optimal single-band and a band-pair that are promising for rapid residue detection were identified by correlation analysis. The single-band approach using the selected wavelength of 666 nm could generate false negative errors for chicken blood inspection. Two-band ratio images using 503 and 666 nm (F503/F666) have great potential for detecting various chicken residues on stainless steel surfaces. This wavelength pair can be adopted for developing a LED-based hand-held fluorescence imaging device for inspecting poultry processing equipment surfaces. C1 [Qin, Jianwei; Jun, Won; Kim, Moon S.; Chao, Kuanglin] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Qin, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8140-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7676 AR 767608 DI 10.1117/12.850102 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS24 UT WOS:000285622800006 ER PT S AU Yang, CC Jun, W Kim, MS Chao, KL Kang, S Chan, DE Lefcourt, A AF Yang, Chun-Chieh Jun, Won Kim, Moon S. Chao, Kuanglin Kang, Sukwon Chan, Diane E. Lefcourt, Alan BE Kim, MS Tu, IS Chao, K TI Classification of Fecal Contamination on Leafy Greens by Hyperspectral Imaging SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety II CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Hyperspectral imaging; multispectral imaging; fluorescence; bovine fecal detection; food safety ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7; FLUORESCENCE; LEAVES AB This paper reported the development of hyperspectral fluorescence imaging system using ultraviolet-A excitation (320400 nm) for detection of bovine fecal contaminants on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of romaine lettuce and baby spinach leaves. Six spots of fecal contamination were applied to each of 40 lettuce and 40 spinach leaves. In this study, the wavebands at 666 nm and 680 nm were selected by the correlation analysis. The two-band ratio, 666 nm / 680 nm, of fluorescence intensity was used to differentiate the contaminated spots from uncontaminated leaf area. The proposed method could accurately detect all of the contaminated spots. C1 [Yang, Chun-Chieh; Jun, Won; Kim, Moon S.; Chao, Kuanglin; Chan, Diane E.; Lefcourt, Alan] Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yang, CC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8140-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7676 AR 76760F DI 10.1117/12.851069 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS24 UT WOS:000285622800010 ER PT S AU Yoon, SC Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Heitschmidt, GW AF Yoon, Seung Chul Park, Bosoon Lawrence, Kurt C. Windham, William R. Heitschmidt, Gerald. W. BE Kim, MS Tu, IS Chao, K TI Development of real-time line-scan hyperspectral imaging system for online agricultural and food product inspection SO SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety II CY APR 06-07, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Real-Time Multispectral Imaging; Hyperspectral Imaging; Line Scan; Poultry Processing; Food Safety; Fecal Detection ID POULTRY CARCASSES; CONTAMINATION AB This paper reports a recent development of a line-scan hyperspectral imaging system for real-time multispectral imaging applications in agricultural and food industries. The hyperspectral imaging system consisted of a spectrograph, an EMCCD camera, and application software. The real-time multispectral imaging with the developed system was possible due to (1) data binning, especially a unique feature of the EMCCD sensor allowing the access to non-contiguous multispectral bands, (2) an image processing algorithm designed for real-time multispectral imaging, and (3) the design and implementation of the real-time application software. The imaging system was developed as a poultry inspection instrument determining the presence of surface feces on poultry carcasses moving at commercial poultry processing line speeds up to 180 birds per minute. The imaging system can be easily modifiable to solve other real-time inspection/sorting problems. Three wavelengths at 517 nm, 565 nm and 802 nm were selected for real-time fecal detection imaging. The fecal detection algorithm was based on dual band ratios of 565nm/517nm and 802nm/517nm followed by thresholding. The software architecture was based on a ping pong memory and a circular buffer for the multitasking of image grabbing and processing. The software was written in Microsoft Visual C++. An image-based internal triggering (i.e. polling) algorithm was developed to determine the start and end positions of birds. Twelve chickens were used for testing the imaging system at two different speeds (140 birds per minute and 180 bird per minute) in a pilot-scale processing line. Four types of fecal materials (duodenum, ceca, colon and ingesta) were used for the evaluation of the detection algorithm. The software grabbed and processed multispectral images of the dimension 118 (line scans) x 512 (height) x 3 (bands) pixels obtained from chicken carcasses moving at the speed up to 180 birds per minute (a frame rate 286 Hz). Intensity calibration, detection algorithm, displaying and saving were performed within the real-time deadlines. C1 [Yoon, Seung Chul] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Richard Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM seungchul.yoon@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8140-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7676 AR 76760J DI 10.1117/12.850460 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS24 UT WOS:000285622800013 ER PT J AU Ye, TZ Jayawickrama, KJS St Clair, JB AF Ye, T. Z. Jayawickrama, K. J. S. St Clair, J. B. TI Realized Gains from Block-Plot Coastal Douglas-Fir Trials in the Northern Oregon Cascades SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Realized genetic gain; Douglas-fir; competition ID TREE IMPROVEMENT; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GROWTH CURVE; SLASH PINE; SELECTION; PERFORMANCE; IDEOTYPES; VARIANCE; TESTS; YIELD AB Realized gains for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were evaluated using data collected from 15-year-old trees from five field trials planted in large block plots in the northern Oregon Cascades. Three populations with different genetic levels (elite high predicted gain; intermediate - moderate predicted gain; and unimproved - wild seedlot) were compared at two planting spacings (1.8 x 1.8 m and 3.6 x 3.6 m). The realized gains at age 15 averaged over both the elite and intermediate progeny were 17.2% for stand volume per hectare, 3.5% for mean height, and 4.3% for diameter, compared to predicted genetic gains of 16.0% for volume, 5.4% for height, and 6.4% for diameter. Realized and predicted gains correlated well at the family level, with an average correlation coefficient close to 0:80. The improved populations also had higher survival rate and lower stem sinuosity than the unimproved population. Strong genetic level x planting spacing interaction effects were revealed for the growth traits at age 15 using mixed model analyses. Realized gains for stand per-hectare volume and mean growth rate were at least twice as large in the elite population as in the intermediate population at the close spacing. By contrast, both populations performed similarly at the wide spacing. This indicates that the selected genetic materials responded differently to the changes of competitive environment, and realized gain trials should closely mimic operational plantations in order to provide valid estimates of realized gains. Realized gains in per-hectare volume varied greatly among test sites. No significant genetic level x site interactions were found for any traits. C1 [Ye, T. Z.; Jayawickrama, K. J. S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [St Clair, J. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ye, TZ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Terrance.Ye@oregonstate.edu FU Northwest Tree Improvement Cooperative (NWTIC); US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; NWTIC FX Trial establishment was funded by the Northwest Tree Improvement Cooperative (NWTIC) and the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, and made by Northwest Forestry Services. Green Tech Enterprises supervised establishment of the trials. Data collection was funded by the NWTIC. MIKE BORDELON (Oregon Department of Forestry) and JESS DANIELS (past Director, NWTIC) were strong proponents of establishing this experiment. Longview Fibre Co., Willamette Industries Inc., Weyerhaeuser Company, Port Blakely Tree Farms, and the Bureau of Land Management provided the test sites. Age 15 data were collected by RON RHATIGAN and his assistants, and by Pacific Projects. DENISE COOPER loaded the data into the NWTIC database. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2010 VL 59 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 PG 11 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 586UJ UT WOS:000276938700004 ER PT J AU Koch, JL Carey, DW Mason, ME AF Koch, J. L. Carey, D. W. Mason, M. E. TI Use of Microsatellite Markers in an American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Population and Paternity Testing SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE beech bark disease; microsatellite markers; paternity testing; population genetics ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SYLVATICA L.; CONSERVATION; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERSITY; PINE; LOCI; FLOW AB Cross-species amplification of six microsatellite markers from European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linn) and nine markers from Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) was tested in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Three microsatellites from each species were successfully adapted for use in American beech and were found to be highly polymorphic, with 4-22 alleles at each locus and an expected heterozygosity value of 0.291 to 0.913. Twenty-five trees (including two clonal clusters) from a mature stand were sampled and genotyped to compute population statistics. No linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected, and the marker loci indicated that the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The markers were also used to genotype two full-sibling families consisting of a combined total of 99 individuals and were found to contain sufficient genetic information to assign paternity using a maximum likelihood method. C1 [Koch, J. L.; Carey, D. W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Mason, M. E.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Koch, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM jkoch@fs.fed.us FU Forest Health Monitoring, USDA Forest Service FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of JANY CHAN, BILL SICKINGER and DONNA WILBURN in carrying out this work. We also would like to thank T. POLAND, K. WOESTE, C. DANA NELSON and an unidentified reviewer for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was partially funded through a grant from the Special Technology Development Program of Forest Health Monitoring, USDA Forest Service. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2-3 BP 62 EP 68 PG 7 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 646NB UT WOS:000281546800003 ER PT J AU Aikpokpodion, PO Kolesnikova-Allen, M Adetimirin, VO Guiltinan, MJ Eskes, AB Motamayor, JC Schnell, RJ AF Aikpokpodion, P. O. Kolesnikova-Allen, M. Adetimirin, V. O. Guiltinan, M. J. Eskes, A. B. Motamayor, J. -C. Schnell, R. J. TI Population Structure and Molecular Characterization of Nigerian Field Genebank Collections of Cacao, Theobroma cacao L. SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE cacao; fixation index; germplasm; cultivars; gene diversity; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; INBREEDING COEFFICIENTS; GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS; CONSERVATION; AFRICA AB Inadequate knowledge of the population structure and diversity present often hamper the efficient use of germplasm collections. Using a high through-put system, twelve microsatellite loci were used to analyze genetic diversity and population structure in a national field genebank repository of 243 cacao accessions grouped into 11 populations based on their known sources. Based on multi-locus profiles, the Bayesian method was used for individual assignment to verify membership in each population, determine mislabeling and ancestry of some important accessions used in breeding program. A total of 218 alleles was revealed with a mean number of 18.2 alleles per locus. Gene diversity (H(e) = 0.70) and allelic richness (4.34 alleles per locus) were highest in the F(1) hybrid population. Differential mating system was suggested as responsible for the observed deficit and excess of heterozygotes observed among the populations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that within-population variance accounted for 63.0% of the total variance while the rest 37% was accounted for by the among-population variance. Cluster dendrogram based on UPGMA revealed two main subsets. The first group was made up of the Amelonado/Trinitario ancestry and the other of Nanay/Parinari ancestry. We found that Nanay and Parinari populations were the major source of Upper Amazon genes utilized while a large proportion of genetic diversity in the field genebank remained under-utilized in development of improved cultivars released to farmers in Nigeria. This study showed that the presence of alleles of the Upper Amazon Forasteros (Nanay, Parinari and Iquitos Mixed Calabacillo) genetic materials in the locally available accessions predated the formal large scale introduction of Upper Amazon materials in 1944. This is the first report of population structure of field genebank collections of cacao in Nigeria since more than seven decades of formal cacao breeding research. C1 [Aikpokpodion, P. O.] Cocoa Res Inst Nigeria, Div Plant Breeding, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Aikpokpodion, P. O.; Kolesnikova-Allen, M.] Int Inst Trop Agr, Cent Biotechnol Lab, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Adetimirin, V. O.] Univ Ibadan, Dept Agron, Ibadan, Nigeria. [Aikpokpodion, P. O.; Guiltinan, M. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Eskes, A. B.] Biovers Int, F-34397 Montpellier 5, France. [Motamayor, J. -C.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Mars Inc, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Aikpokpodion, PO (reprint author), Univ Calabar, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River Sta, Nigeria. EM paikpokpodion@yahoo.com FU UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA); MARS INCORPORATED; UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID) FX This study was part of the first author's Ph.D research and financially supported by UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA), MARS INCORPORATED AND UNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (USAID) through the Norman Borlaug LEAP (LEADERSHIP ENHANCEMENT IN AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM) Fellowship Award to the first author. The field and laboratory support of MESSRS. RAJI LO, EFUNLA MS (CRIN), SUNDAY TAIWO (IITA), WILBER QUINTERNELLA, NANNETTE LANGEVIN AND CECILE OLANO (USDA-ARS SHRS MIAMI) are highly appreciated. The authors are also grateful to Dr. DAPENG ZHANG (USDA-ARS BELTSVILLE) for STRUCTURE analysis of the data. The useful suggestions of the two anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2010 VL 59 IS 6 SI SI BP 273 EP 285 PG 13 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 733TO UT WOS:000288286100005 ER PT S AU Cao, JJ Sun, L Gao, HW AF Cao, Jay J. Sun, Li Gao, Hongwei BE Zaidi, M TI Diet-induced obesity alters bone remodeling leading to decreased femoral trabecular bone mass in mice SO SKELETAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT New York Skeletal Biology and Medicine Conference CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2009 CL Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY HO Mt Sinai Sch Med DE high-fat diet; obesity; bone; resorption; cytokine ID HIGH-FAT DIET; ADIPOGENESIS; CELLS AB Obesity-derived body mass may be detrimental to bone health through not well-defined mechanisms. In this study we determined changes in bone structure and serum cytokines related to bone metabolism in diet-induced obese mice. Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) had higher serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and leptin but lower osteocalcin concentrations than those fed the normal-fat diet. The HFD increased multinucleated TRAP-positive osteoclasts in bone marrow compared to the control diet. Despite being much heavier, mice fed the HFD had lower femoral bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density and higher trabecular separation than mice on the control diet. These findings suggest that obesity induced by a HFD increases bone resorption that may blunt any positive effects of increased body weight on bone. C1 [Cao, Jay J.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Sun, Li] Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Bone Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Gao, Hongwei] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Anesthesia Perioperat & Pain Med, Ctr Expt Therapeut & Reperfus Injury, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gao, Hongwei] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Cao, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM Jay.Cao@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-785-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1192 BP 292 EP 297 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05252.x PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BOV34 UT WOS:000277762400040 PM 20392249 ER PT J AU Szentirmai, E Kapas, L Sun, Y Smith, RG Krueger, JM AF Szentirmai, E. Kapas, L. Sun, Y. Smith, R. G. Krueger, J. M. TI SPONTANEOUS AND HOMEOSTATIC SLEEP REGULATION IN GHRELIN RECEPTOR KNOCKOUT MICE SO SLEEP LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Szentirmai, E.; Kapas, L.] Washington State Univ, WWAMI Med Educ, Spokane, WA USA. [Szentirmai, E.; Kapas, L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Szentirmai, E.; Kapas, L.; Krueger, J. M.] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Spokane, WA USA. [Szentirmai, E.; Kapas, L.; Krueger, J. M.] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sun, Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Huffington Ctr Aging HCOA, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sun, Y.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Huffington Ctr Aging HCOA, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, R. G.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Metab & Aging, Jupiter, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD SLEEP MEDICINE PI WESTCHESTER PA ONE WESTBROOK CORPORATE CTR, STE 920, WESTCHESTER, IL 60154 USA SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PY 2010 VL 33 SU S MA 0248 BP A87 EP A87 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA V21LB UT WOS:000208208000251 ER PT J AU Gaither, CJ Worthen, HD AF Gaither, Cassandra Johnson Worthen, H. Dreamal TI The influence of race and class on resident response to economic restructuring in Franklin County, Florida, USA SO SOCIAL & CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE whiteness; rural economic restructuring; structure of feeling; structure of expectation; fisheries ID WHITE PRIVILEGE; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; IDENTITY; POVERTY; PLACE AB This project offers a finer interpretation of whiteness by highlighting responses of white, working-class commercial fishermen and working-class African Americans to initiatives aimed at shifting Franklin County, Florida's economy from a production base to real estate and tourism development. We qualitatively examine the influence of working-class whiteness on workers' 'structure of feeling' or emotive responses regarding the move to post-production activities. Building on critical white studies, we argue that white fishermen have not been able to secure black support for the fishermen's resistance to restructuring because of differing structures of feeling these groups have towards economic diversification. In turn, alternative structures of feelings for whites and blacks derive from racialized, local landscapes and contemporary occupational segregation in fisheries. C1 [Gaither, Cassandra Johnson] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Worthen, H. Dreamal] Florida A&M Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Gaither, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cjohnson09@fs.fed.us NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1464-9365 J9 SOC CULT GEOGR JI Soc. Cult. Geogr. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 BP 451 EP 474 AR PII 923420783 DI 10.1080/14649365.2010.488748 PG 24 WC Geography SC Geography GA 618EI UT WOS:000279333800003 ER PT J AU Champ, PA Donovan, GH Barth, CM AF Champ, Patricia Ann Donovan, Geoffrey H. Barth, Christopher M. TI Homebuyers and Wildfire Risk: A Colorado Springs Case Study SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE economics; environmental attitudes and concerns; hedonic price model; homebuyers; human behavior in the environment; survey methods; wildfire AB In recent years, the threat that wildfire poses to homes has received much attention in both the mainstream press and academic literature. However, little is known about how homebuyers consider wildfire risk during the home-purchase process. In the context of a unique wildfire education program, we consider two approaches to examining the relationship between wildfire risk and home purchases. Results from a market-level analysis using home sales price data are compared to household survey results. The household survey validates the market-level analysis and provides further insight into homebuyers and wildfire risk. Specifically, we find that while homebuyers prefer locations near dangerous topography, they also prefer less flammable building materials. However, most homebuyers were unaware of wildfire risk when they made their home-purchase decisions. C1 [Champ, Patricia Ann] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Barth, Christopher M.] Montrose Interagency Fire Management Unit, Montrose, CO USA. [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Champ, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150-A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM pchamp@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 58 EP 70 AR PII 917378652 DI 10.1080/08941920802179766 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 528YC UT WOS:000272481900005 ER PT J AU Stewart, SI AF Stewart, Susan I. TI Backyard: Nature and Culture in Suburban Australia SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stewart, Susan I.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. RP Stewart, SI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Evanston, IL USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 281 EP 283 AR PII 918956954 DI 10.1080/08941920903490245 PG 3 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 550XT UT WOS:000274168200007 ER PT J AU Kyle, GT Theodori, GL Absher, JD Jun, J AF Kyle, Gerard T. Theodori, Gene L. Absher, James D. Jun, Jinhee TI The Influence of Home and Community Attachment on Firewise Behavior SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE community attachment; Firewise; home attachment; place attachment; wildland fire ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; PLACE ATTACHMENT; FIT INDEXES; NEIGHBORHOOD; MANAGEMENT; PERCEPTION; RESIDENTS; IDENTITY; MODEL; SELF AB The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of residents' attachment to their homes and community on their willingness to adopt Firewise recommendations. Our sample was drawn from a population residing in the wildland-urban interface where the threat of wildfire is acute. The Firewise recommendations concerned 13 activities affecting home design, construction and maintenance, landscaping, and community engagement. Consistent with the tenets offered by the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion and empirical evidence stemming from the place and community attachment literatures, we hypothesized that those most attached to their homes and community would be most inclined to adopt Firewise recommendations to protect these settings. For the most part, our findings were consistent with this hypothesis. We observed that the dimensions of home attachment were most strongly predictive of activities centered on and around the home, whereas community attachment was more strongly predictive of community-based activities. C1 [Kyle, Gerard T.; Jun, Jinhee] Texas A&M Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Theodori, Gene L.] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Sociol, Huntsville, TX 77340 USA. [Absher, James D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA USA. RP Kyle, GT (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Human Dimens Nat Resources Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM gerard@tamu.edu OI Kyle, Gerard/0000-0002-6944-9020 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PY 2010 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1075 EP 1092 AR PII 924624663 DI 10.1080/08941920902724974 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 659SG UT WOS:000282586600004 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ AF Peterson, Chris J. TI Review of Termite Forest Ecology and Opportunities to Investigate the Relationship of Termites to Fire SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Termites; soil engineering; fire; forest productivity; soil rehabilitation ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES KOLLAR; WEST-AFRICAN SAVANNA; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN-FIXATION; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; ISOPTERA-TERMITIDAE; SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE; CRUSTED SOIL AB In forests, termites serve as "soil engineers," translocating mineral soil to the surface, constructing macropores to improve water infiltration, increase soil minerals and organic carbon, facilitate the growth of microbes and affect the growth of vegetation. The future productivity of a forest site therefore depends to some degree on termite activity. Termites could reduce the probability of forest fire by reducing fuel loads, either through direct consumption of the wood or through the augmentation of decay fungi. Should a fire adversely affect termite populations in a forest, the decomposition of unburned woody debris will be delayed and nutrient cycling in the forest will be interrupted. For small fires, such as prescribed burning, such interruption is largely a non-issue. Catastrophic or stand-replacing wildfire, however, might affect termite populations in three non-mutually exclusive ways: direct mortality due to the fire itself, through the conversion of cellulose to indigestible materials, and through alterations of the soil. Due to their slow dispersal relative to other soil organisms, termites re-colonize severely burned areas slowly, but can be instrumental in the rehabilitation of waste areas. Termite presence might be augmented to increase the future productivity of a severely burned site. This paper is a review of termite contributions to forest health and fire prevention, the effects of fire on termite populations, the re-colonization of severely burned areas, and the contribution of termites to waste area rehabilitation. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Peterson, CJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 201 Lincoln Green, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 105 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 24 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 2 BP 313 EP 352 PG 40 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647MI UT WOS:000281622200003 ER PT J AU Cornelius, ML Osbrink, WLA AF Cornelius, Mary L. Osbrink, Weste L. A. TI Effect of Flooding on the Survival of Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Laboratory Tests SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; inundation; population; gallery system ID NEW-ORLEANS; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; FIELD POPULATIONS; LOUISIANA; PARK AB Underground monitoring stations were active with Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, less than a month after City Park, an urban park in New Orleans, Louisiana, was inundated with 0.5 to 2.5 meters of flood water. This study examines whether C. formosanus are able to survive inundation by finding air pockets in either wood or their gallery system in the soil and whether termites move up from the substrate to higher ground in response to rising water. We found no evidence that termites are able to survive in their gallery system or within wood after submersion, and no evidence that termites attempt to move up from the substrate in order to escape rising water. However, significant numbers of termites located within the hollowed-out core of a wood block at the time of the flooding were able to escape slowly rising water. Formosan subterranean termite colonies most likely survived the flooding of City Park because these colonies were living within trees at the time of the flood. The construction of carton nests within the hollowed-out trunks of living trees may be a behavioral adaptation to survive flooding. C1 [Cornelius, Mary L.; Osbrink, Weste L. A.] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cornelius, ML (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Mary.Cornelius@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 BP 699 EP 711 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 671QF UT WOS:000283522000012 ER PT J AU Wiltz, BA AF Wiltz, B. A. TI Laboratory Evaluation of Effects of Soil Properties on Termiticide Performance Against Formosan Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil properties; bifenthrin; chlorfenapyr; fipronil; Coptotermes formosanus ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; NONREPELLENT TERMITICIDES; APPLICATION RATES; FIELD CONDITIONS; DEGRADATION; FIPRONIL; EASTERN; ADSORPTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; MORTALITY AB Fourteen Mississippi soils representing a range of soil properties were treated with bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, or fipronil at two rates of each termiticide. Treated soils were placed in well-drained containers, then watered. Two weeks post-treatment, core samples were removed, divided into three 5-cm sections, and evaluated in constant exposure assays for efficacy against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Bifenthrin treatments had the highest overall mortality, followed by fipronil, then chlorfenapyr treatments after 24 and 48h exposure. After 24h, untreated controls and all termiticide treatments had highest mortality in low clay soils. In 0.06% bifenthrin treatments, mortality was highest at low pH. At both rates of chlorfenapyr and fipronil, there were interactions between clay and pH. When differences among soils occurred, mortality was highest at low pH. After 48h exposure, all treatments had highest mortality on low clay soils. In 0.06% bifenthrin, 0.125% chlorfenapyr, and 0.25% chlorfenapyr treatments, mortality was highest on low pH soils. Clay-pH interactions occurred at both fipronil rates, with higher mortality at low pH occurring only among medium clay soils. Effects of organic carbon could not be interpreted independently of clay and pH effects because not all combinations of soil properties were available for testing. Within a treatment, termite mortality did not differ with section of the core sample (top, center, or bottom) after 24 or 48h exposure. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Wiltz, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM Beverly.Wiltz@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2010 VL 56 IS 3 BP 755 EP 773 PG 19 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 671QF UT WOS:000283522000017 ER PT J AU Guillot, FS Ring, DR Lax, AR Morgan, A Brown, K Riegel, C Boykin, D AF Guillot, Frank S. Ring, Dennis R. Lax, Alan R. Morgan, Alan Brown, Kenneth Riegel, Claudia Boykin, Debbie TI Area-Wide Management of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), in the New Orleans French Quarter SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; FLIGHT PHENOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; SEX-RATIO; LOUISIANA; GESTROI; COLONIES; PROGRAM; BAIT AB The Formosan subterranean termite (FST), Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was first introduced to the continental US after WWII. New Orleans' French Quarter (FQ) in particular has been severely impacted experiencing reoccurring cycles of damages and repairs since FST was introduced to the region 65 years ago. Operation Full Stop is a federally funded program established in 1998 by the US Congress. As part of the Operation Full Stop, a project was begun in the FQ to apply area-wide management to suppress the FST population, thereby potentially limiting future damages. To measure the impact of the area-wide program, in-ground stations were placed throughout the FQ to monitor activity of termite foragers. Additionally, alate traps (sticky cards), suspended under street lamps at or near every intersection were use to determine the level of alate activity during the swarm season. An inspection program of structures was initiated in 2003 to determine the percentages of properties with active infestations and to reveal their location for additional treatment The percentages of active in-ground stations declined to 5% or less depending on the specific FQ neighborhood. Also, since 2006 there has been a 44% to 76% reduction in the number of alates captured, again depending on the neighborhood and how recently it was entered into the program. The inspection program has revealed lingering infestations in some structurally complex facilities. These infestations are problematic for successful area-wide suppression of FST in the FQ. Thus, finding and treating these persistent structural infestations and those in open spaces such as the adjacent levee are necessary for further reduction of FST. C1 [Guillot, Frank S.; Lax, Alan R.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Ring, Dennis R.; Morgan, Alan] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brown, Kenneth; Riegel, Claudia] City New Orleans Mosquito & Termite Control Board, New Orleans, LA 70126 USA. [Boykin, Debbie] USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Guillot, FS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM frank.guillot@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV ESTADUAL FEIRA SANTANA PI FEIRA DE SANTANA PA AV TRANSORDESTINA S N NOVO HORIZONTE, FEIRA DE SANTANA, BAHAI CEP44036-900, BRAZIL SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 311 EP 338 PG 28 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 581MW UT WOS:000276528800001 ER PT J AU Wiltz, BA Woodson, WD Puterka, GJ AF Wiltz, B. A. Woodson, W. D. Puterka, G. J. TI Potential of Kaolin-based Particle Film Barriers for Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Control SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coptotermes formosanus; kaolin; particle film; barrier ID DUST; PEAR; SUPPRESSION; PENETRATION; HOMOPTERA; BEHAVIOR; EASTERN; WEEVIL; SIZE AB Effects of three particle film products on Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated in feeding, tunneling, and contact assays. The particle films, hydrophobic M96-018 and hydrophilic Surround and Surround WP are based on the inert clay mineral kaolin. In 2-week long no-choice feeding tests, significant mortality occurred only with M96-018-coated wood. When a choice was provided, M96-018 and Surround were consumed at higher rates than untreated wood. Surround WP did not differ from controls in either test. In the tunneling assay termites were given the option of crossing a kaolin-sand mixture to reach an alternate food source. After 3-weeks, rates of 1% and 5% M96-018 provided an effective barrier to Formosan termite tunneling, while termites were not stopped by rates as high as 20% Surround and Surround WP. Dust treatments of all three formulations caused significant increases in mortality within 24 h, with mortality rates ranging from 72.0 - 97.3% within 72 h of treatment. The particle films were most effective when moisture levels were low, suggesting that desiccation was the mechanism for mortality. All particle films showed potential for use in above ground applications while hydrophobic M06-018 has the most potential as a soil barrier to subterranean termites. C1 [Wiltz, B. A.; Woodson, W. D.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Puterka, G. J.] ARS, USDA, PSRL, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Wiltz, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 405 EP 413 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 581MW UT WOS:000276528800008 ER PT J AU Busscher, WJ Novak, JM Evans, DE Watts, DW Niandou, MAS Ahmedna, M AF Busscher, Warren J. Novak, Jeff M. Evans, Dean E. Watts, Don W. Niandou, M. A. S. Ahmedna, Mohamed TI Influence of Pecan Biochar on Physical Properties of a Norfolk Loamy Sand SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gracenet; pyrolysis; Coastal Plains; penetration resistance; biochar; charcoal ID COTTON YIELD; SOIL; TILLAGE; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; AGGREGATION; AMENDMENTS; FERTILITY; STRENGTH AB Because the southeastern US Coastal Plain has high temperatures and abundant rainfall, its sandy soils have poor physical characteristics and low carbon (C) contents. To increase soil C, we added switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and nonactivated recalcitrant pecan biochar. Biochar was developed by pyrolyzing ground pecan shells at 700 degrees C. Biochar had 88% C, 0.4% N (C:N ratio, 220:1); 58% of its C resided in polymerized aromatic ring structures. Biochar treatments were 0, 5, 10, or 20 g kg(-1) of soil, which was the Ap horizon of a Norfolk loamy sand, a thermic Typic Kandiudult. Switchgrass was ground to a fine powder and added to the biochar treatments at rates of 0 or 10 g kg Treatments were incubated in 750-g columns for 70 days at 10% (wt wt(-1)) water content. Biochar decreased soil penetration resistance; adding switchgrass also decreased it by the end of the experiment. Biochar and switchgrass affected aggregation, infiltration, and water-holding capacity; but results were mixed. Although the nonactivated biochar (and switchgrass) improved some soil physical characteristics, other biochar formulations may have more of an effect on soil properties. C1 [Busscher, Warren J.; Novak, Jeff M.; Evans, Dean E.; Watts, Don W.] ARS, USDA, Florence, SC USA. [Niandou, M. A. S.; Ahmedna, Mohamed] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Busscher, WJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Florence, SC USA. EM warren.busscher@ars.usda.gov OI Ahmedna, Mohamed/0000-0001-8727-4300 FU US. Department Of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the US. Department Of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service under the ARS-GRACEnet project. The authors thank Mr Don Watts, Ms. Sheeneka Green, and Mr Dean Evans for laboratory assistance. Mention of trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product of the US. Department of Agriculture or by North Carolina A&T State University and does not inip v its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 27 TC 75 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 71 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 10 EP 14 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181cb7f46 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546SB UT WOS:000273830000003 ER PT J AU Watts, DB Torbert, HA Prior, SA AF Watts, Dexter B. Torbert, H. Allen Prior, Stephen A. TI Soil Property and Landscape Position Effects on Seasonal Nitrogen Mineralization of Composted Dairy Manure SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE N mineralization; manure; landscape position ID DIFFERENTLY TEXTURED SOILS; FILLED PORE-SPACE; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; N MINERALIZATION; PHYSICAL-CHARACTERISTICS; GRASSLAND SOILS; CARBON; TRANSFORMATIONS; TURNOVER AB To develop better management practices that optimize the N derived front manure, additional research is needed regarding the mineralization and dynamics of N under field conditions. Thus, an in situ field study using three different soil types located in an agricultural field was conducted to evaluate-N mineralization patterns during the summer and winter months. The three Coastal Plain soils (Ultisols) investigated were Bama (sandy loam), Lynchburg (loam), and Goldsboro (loam), representing the landscape position of a summit, drainageway, and sideslope, respectively. Composted dairy Manure was incorporated into in situ soil cores, at a rate of 350 kg N ha(-1), to evaluate mineralization rates of the soils and their landscape position during the summer and winter months. Addition of composted dairy manure on N mineralization was impacted by season and soil type. This was most evident during summer months (N mineralization was 24%), suggesting that seasonal timing of application will influence mineralization. The seasonal patterns of N mineralization were affected mostly by temperature; N mineralization was minimal during winter (N mineralization was 2%) when temperature was low (similar to 10 degrees C) but was greater during summer with higher temperatures (25 degrees C-30 degrees C). Landscape and soil texture played an additional role in mineralization. The soil type with the greatest percentage of sand and located in a low-lying area, although N mineralization was low during the winter months, significantly lost more of the added N from dairy compost (80%-90% more) compared with the other soils. During the summer, the loam soil with the greatest water-holding capacity mineralized the most N, significantly mineralizing 9% to 10% more than the other soils. These results show that soil variability, temperature, and landscapes need to be considered when applying manure to agricultural fields. C1 [Watts, Dexter B.; Torbert, H. Allen; Prior, Stephen A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Watts, DB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM dexter.watts@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 175 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181ca38ff PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546SB UT WOS:000273830000005 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD Green, TR Seyfried, M Evett, SR Bonta, J AF Logsdon, S. D. Green, T. R. Seyfried, M. Evett, S. R. Bonta, J. TI Hydra Probe and Twelve-Wire Probe Comparisons in Fluids and Soil Cores SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; WATER-CONTENT; TIME-DOMAIN; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CLAY SUSPENSIONS; CALIBRATION; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA; SENSOR AB Soil water content is often determined using various permittivity sensors. The Hydra Probe reports both the real (epsilon') and imaginary (epsilon '') components of complex permittivity (epsilon*) and estimates electrical conductivity (sigma'). Previously, a 12-wire probe was used with a vector network analyzer to determine epsilon' and epsilon '' and sigma' and sigma '' in undisturbed soil cores. The purpose of this study was to compare results from the Hydra Probe and the 12-wire probe for fluids as well as for soil samples taken from six locations, to better understand the interrelations of epsilon', epsilon '' and sigma' from the Hydra Probe. Undisturbed soil cores were collected from an Iowa prairie and adjacent soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] field, an Iowa forest and adjacent soybean field, Idaho burned and unburned sites, Colorado grassland and dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sites, Ohio grassed areas, and Texas rangeland and an irrigated field. Because of their density, some of the Texas samples were sieved and repacked. The reported sigma', epsilon' and epsilon '' values of fluids were compared between the two measurement systems and with theoretical values. Because the theoretical values for soils are not known, the measured values were compared between systems. Both probes showed, sigma', epsilon' and epsilon '' close to the theoretical values for fluids. In soils, we showed that an adjustment was needed in the calculated sigma' from the Hydra Probe to account for dielectric relaxation. The soil sigma' of the Hydra Probe matched sigma' from the 12-wire probe better after the adjustment was made. C1 [Logsdon, S. D.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Seyfried, M.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Green, T. R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Evett, S. R.] USDA ARS, Bushland, TX USA. [Bonta, J.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sally.logsdon@ars.usda.gov RI Green, Timothy/E-1178-2011 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0189 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100002 ER PT J AU Blank, RR AF Blank, Robert R. TI Effect of Temperature on Potassium and Sodium Exchange in a Sierra Nevada Riparian Soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In the course of investigating nutrient availability in a montane meadow ecosystem of the Sierra Nevada range, it was determined that resin availability of Na(+) and K(+) was significantly affected by season (winter vs. summer and fall). The underlying mechanism(s) controlling this seasonal effect was investigated in the laboratory. Four replicate A horizon samples of a Typic Humaquept (silty clay texture, kaolinitic mineralogy, 3% organic C, pH 5.10) were saturated with Mg(2+). Using 5-g subsamples from each replicate, soil was equilibrated for a period of 30 min with 30 mL of a 5.00 mmol solution of Na(+) and K(+) at 1, 15, 30, and 45 degrees C. After centrifugation, the supernatant was analyzed for K(+), Na(+), and Mg(2+). Exchanger sorption characteristics varied significantly with temperature. Overall, K(+) was preferentially sorbed over Na(+), but the proportional sorption of K(+) decreased significantly at a temperature of 1 degrees C. The temperature dependence of K(+) and Na(+) sorption partially explains seasonal differences in availability Net sorption (K(+) + Na(+) - Mg(2+)) was statistically similar to 0 at temperatures of 15, 30, and 50 degrees C, but significantly increased at 1 degrees C. This increase in cation exchange capacity at low temperature may have special relevance to ecosystems during snowmelt when increased retention of certain cations could occur. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM blank@unr.nevada.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0159N PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100013 ER PT J AU Stott, DE Andrews, SS Liebig, MA Wienhold, BJ Karlen, DL AF Stott, D. E. Andrews, S. S. Liebig, M. A. Wienhold, B. J. Karlen, D. L. TI Evaluation of beta-Glucosidase Activity as a Soil Quality Indicator for the Soil Management Assessment Framework SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; TILLAGE; ROTATIONS; IMPACTS; GLYCOSIDASES; NITROGEN; INDEXES AB The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was developed to assess conservation effects on soil,and uses multiple soil quality indicator measurements to compare soil functioning. Our objective was to develop a SMAF-compatible scoring equation for soil beta-glucosidase (BG) activity using published data sets representing different: soils and management. The resulting equation was an S-shaped curve: y = a/[1 + bexp(-cx)], where x is the measured BG activity (mg p-nitrophenol [PNP] released kg(-1) soil h(-1)), a and b arc constants, and c is a factor modified by soil classification, texture, and climate. Data from a study conducted near Mandan, ND were used to test the model for sensitivity to crop management systems. Soil organic C (SOC) content at the site measured 247 to 687 g kg(-1), while BG activity ranged from 33 to 675 mg kg(-1) h(-1). Using SMAF, SOC indicator scores ranged from 0.25 to 0,73, while BG activity scores varied from 0.17 to 0.93. As the work progressed, it became apparent that when BG activity values were normalized to the SOC content, the resulting ratio could indicate C sequestration trends, with ratios of 10 to 17 g PNP kg(-1) SOC h(-1) reflective of systems in equilibrium. Ratios >17 were mostly from recently altered management systems with SOC contents trending upward, while ratios <10 were generally from soils that were expected to continue to lose soil C. The application of a sensitive C cycling enzyme activity such as BG should improve the SMAF soil quality assessments for soil functions where soil metabolic activity or C-cycle enzyme activity play a role. C1 [Stott, D. E.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Andrews, S. S.] USDA NRCS, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. [Liebig, M. A.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Wienhold, B. J.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Karlen, D. L.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Stott, DE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM diane.stott@ars.usda.gov RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 53 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 9 U2 47 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 107 EP 119 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0029 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100014 ER PT J AU Muruganandam, S Israel, DW Robarge, WP AF Muruganandam, Subathra Israel, Daniel W. Robarge, Wayne P. TI Nitrogen Transformations and Microbial Communities in Soil Aggregates from Three Tillage Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; FERTILIZER NITROGEN; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; EXTRACTION METHOD; GRASSLAND SOILS; CONTINUOUS CORN; MINERALIZATION; BIOMASS; IMMOBILIZATION; SIZE AB Quantifying N transformation processes in soil aggregates is relevant since microbial communities central to the N cycle may differ among aggregate size fractions. Our objective was to rest the hypothesis that variations in microbial community composition of aggregate size fractions influence N transformation rates of soil from three long-term (22-yr) tillage systems (no-till, chisel plow, and moldboard plow). Aggregate size fractions (2-4, 0.5-1, and <0.25 rum) were obtained by dry sieving. Nitrogen transformation rates were estimated by analysis of (15)N pool dilution data with the FLUAZ model, and microbial community composition by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. Aggregate size fraction and tillage system had significant (P < 0.01) effects on total and microbial biomass C and N, gross N mineralization rate (GNMR), gross nitrification rate (GNR), and gross N immobilization rate (GIR). No-till soils and the 0.5- to 1.0-mm aggregate size fraction had the highest N transformation rates. Net N mineralization rates were greater for no-till than for tilled soils. Multiple response permutation analysis of PLFA data revealed that microbial community composition did not differ with aggregate size fraction. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that microbial community composition (nonmetric multidimensional scaling Axis 1) accounted for 89% of the variation in GIR, soil C and N concentrations accounted for 88% of the variation in GNMR, and microbial biomass C concentration accounted for 81% of the variation in GNR. These results indicate that greater N transformation rates in no-till than tilled soil were due primarily to increased microbial biomass (i.e., microbial population size) rather than altered microbial community composition. C1 [Israel, Daniel W.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dan_israel@ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Agricultural Foundation FX We extend our special thanks to Dr. Roxane Bowden for 15N analyses and Karen Dohrmann (Microbial ID Inc.) for FAME analysis. We also appreciate Dr. Dave Dickey for his assistance in statistical analysis. We thank North Carolina Agricultural Foundation for funding the research. NR 47 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 59 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0006 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100015 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, KL Pierce, DL Carlisle, EA Spencer, RGM Smart, DR AF Steenwerth, Kerri L. Pierce, Danielle L. Carlisle, Eli A. Spencer, Robert G. M. Smart, David R. TI A Vineyard Agroecosystem: Disturbance and Precipitation Affect Soil Respiration under Mediterranean Conditions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON DYNAMICS; CO2 EFFLUX; OAK FOREST; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LAND-USE; TILLAGE; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURE AB We investigated impacts of agricultural management practices on soil respiration (R(s)) in a Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera) vineyard (Oakville, CA; November 2003-December 2005). We determined (i) response of R(s) to covercropping, mowing and tillage; (ii) environmental factors controlling R(s); and (iii) total annual C lost through R(s). A winter cover crop was either mown (CC+mow), or mown and tilled (CC+Till), and resident vegetation was tilled (RV+Till). Precipitation amount and pattern differed between years, and low R, rates occurred during summer drought and high rates during wet periods. Total CO(2) emissions differed only in Year 2 (RV+Till: 10.99 0.30, CC+Till: 10.11 +/- 0.49, CC+mow: 8.57 +/- 0.54 Mg CO(2)-C ha(-1)). After tillage or mowing, R(s) increased five- to six-fold in tilled treatments and two-fold in the mown treatment (Year 1). In Year 2, R, increased two-to three-fold after tillage Only. R, increased after 'post-management' rainfall in spring and was 1.5- to 2-fold greater in tilled than mown treatments in both years due to prior incorporation of plant biomass during tillage. After fall rainfall, R(s) was 1.7-fold greater in mown than tilled treatments (Year 1). Our findings suggest that the interaction of management practice with climate and soil conditions before disturbance (i.e., management and rainfall) influenced R(s). Polynomial regressions of R(s) on GWC and soil temperature indicated that R(s) increased until gravimetric water content (GWC) reached 14 to 15% in tilled treatments and 20% in the mown treatment, subsequently declining, indicating thresholds of GWC at which soil temperature more strongly influences R,. C1 [Steenwerth, Kerri L.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS,Dep Viticulture & Enol, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS,Dep Viticulture & Enol, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, 595 Hilgard Ln, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ksteenwerth@ucdavis.edu FU Kearney Foundation of Soil Science; California Department of Food and Agriculture FX We thank Jason Benz, Brian Strand, Geoff Dervishian, Josh Hunt, and Sharon Schnabel for their assistance with field work. We thank Dr. David Block and Dr. Bruce Mackey for assistance with statistics exercises, and the two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. This research was funded by the Kearney Foundation of Soil Science and the California Department of Food and Agriculture. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 231 EP 239 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0346 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100026 ER PT J AU Kohake, DJ Hagen, LJ Skidmore, EL AF Kohake, D. J. Hagen, L. J. Skidmore, E. L. TI Wind Erodibility of Organic Soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; CRUSTED SOILS; EROSION; ABRASION; MOISTURE; ENTRAINMENT; PARTICLES; STABILITY; METER; AIR AB Intensively cropped organic soils are often subject to severe wind erosion. The objective of this study was to measure their Physical wind erodibility properties. Four organic sods were collected from Florida, North Carolina, and Michigan. The organic matter content, aggregate density, dry-aggregate stability, aggregate size distribution, and soil water characteristics were measured. Trays (122 by 20 by 6 cm) were filled with field-sampled soils and sieved soils with 80% of aggregates <0.84 mm. Trays of both crusted and uncrusted soil were place in a laboratory wind tunnel and exposed to wind of various speeds. Aggregate densities ranged from 0.93 to 1.13 Mg m(-3), which is less than typical mineral soils. Dry-aggregate stability was relatively high [2.9-4.7 ln(J kg(-1))]. Threshold friction velocity varied from 0,40 to 0.83 m s(-1) for the field condition and from 0.27 to 0.31 m s(-1) for the soil with 80% of the aggregates <0.84 mm. The aggregate abrasion coefficients ranged from 0.0006 to 0.0136 m(-1), meaning the aggregates should be moderately, resistant to abrasion losses. The crust abrasion coefficients varied from 0.039 to 0.123 m(-1). Hence, a crusted soil surface should abrade more easily than a well-aggregated soil. The loose erodible material on the crusts ranged from 0.010 to 0.068 kg m(-2) and varied directly with sand content and inversely with organic matter. The threshold friction velocities of organic soils were slightly higher than would be predicted for comparable mineral soils. From the results of this study, it is expected that for a given wind speed, a nearly equal mass of soil would be eroded from organic soils as from comparable mineral soil. C1 [Kohake, D. J.; Hagen, L. J.; Skidmore, E. L.] ARS, USDA, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wind Eros Res Unit, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM hagen@weru.ksu.edu NR 54 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 11 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 250 EP 257 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0163 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100028 ER PT J AU Levi, MR Shaw, JN Wood, CW Hermann, SM Carter, EA Feng, Y AF Levi, M. R. Shaw, J. N. Wood, C. W. Hermann, S. M. Carter, E. A. Feng, Y. TI Land Management Effects on Near-Surface Soil Properties of Southeastern US Coastal Plain Kandiudults SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; QUALITY INDICATORS; TILLAGE PRACTICE; ORGANIC-CARBON; CULTIVATION; IMPACTS; SYSTEMS; FOREST AB The National Cooperative Soil Survey is evaluating techniques for better characterization of near-surface, management-dependent soil properties associated with soil change (decade to century time scale). The U.S. Soil Taxonomy and soil surveys have been developed with emphasis on subsoil properties to reduce the impacts of management on taxonomic placement. Considering the importance of near-surface properties on ecosystem function, however, some degree of characterization of these properties is essential. The objectives of this study were to evaluate land use effects on management-dependent soil properties, C stocks, and soil quality of mature longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) systems relative to more intensively cultivated land use systems in the southeastern US. Coastal Plain. Sites in Thomas County, Georgia, representing well-drained, upland Kandiudults, were selected in each of three land use systems for comparison of near-surface soil properties. Studied land use systems were mature, multi-aged longleaf pine forest (LL), slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantation (PP), and conventional row crop (RC) systems, Concentrations of microbial biomass C (0-5 cm) in LL were 69% greater than RC, and LL sequestered. 64% more total organic C than RC systems. Inputs of fertilizer were evident in RC (0-30 cm) based on greater exchangeable K (433% greater in LL), base saturation, and extractable P (1700% greater in LL). The soil infiltration rate was 1015% greater in LL than in PP. Principal component analyses indicated that 80% of data variability was explained by exchangeable bases, C pools, and hydraulic soil properties. Clustering suggested that near-surface soil properties were more similar by land use than by taxonomic-based soil map units. Land use changed many of the investigated surface soil properties (0-30 cm) at these Coastal Plain sites, resulting in functional and interpretive differences of these soils within similar taxa. C1 [Levi, M. R.; Shaw, J. N.; Wood, C. W.; Feng, Y.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Hermann, S. M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Carter, E. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Levi, MR (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM mrlevi21@email.arizona.edu FU US. Forest Service [SRS 02-CA-11330132-160] FX This research was partially supported by the US. Forest Service, Grant no. SRS 02-CA-11330132-160. NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 258 EP 271 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0015 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100029 ER PT J AU Wei, H Nearing, MA Stone, JJ Guertin, DP Spaeth, KE Pierson, FB Nichols, MH Moffet, CA AF Wei, H. Nearing, M. A. Stone, J. J. Guertin, D. P. Spaeth, K. E. Pierson, F. B. Nichols, M. H. Moffet, C. A. TI Response to 'Comment on "A New Splash and Sheet Erosion Equation for Rangelands"' SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wei, H.; Nearing, M. A.; Stone, J. J.; Guertin, D. P.; Spaeth, K. E.; Pierson, F. B.; Nichols, M. H.; Moffet, C. A.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Wei, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM haiyan.wei@ars.usda.gov OI Moffet, Corey/0000-0002-7071-7539 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 342 EP 342 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0265r PG 1 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 543LM UT WOS:000273579100039 ER PT J AU Boomsma, CR Santini, JB West, TD Brewer, JC McIntyre, LM Vyn, TJ AF Boomsma, Christopher R. Santini, Judith B. West, Terry D. Brewer, Jason C. McIntyre, Lauren M. Vyn, Tony J. TI Maize grain yield responses to plant height variability resulting from crop rotation and tillage system in a long-term experiment SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Maize; Plant height variability; Continuous maize rotation; Maize-soybean rotation; No-till; Moldboard plow ID INTRA-SPECIFIC COMPETITION; ROW RESIDUE REMOVAL; CLAY LOAM SOIL; NO-TILLAGE; CORN GROWTH; SURFACE RESIDUE; KERNEL SET; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; STRESS AB Research emphasizing slower plant growth and delayed maturity in continuous maize (Zea mays L.), no-till (MM-NT) systems has often led to the conclusion that lower grain yields in this environment are associated with reduced plant heights. Yet prior research has shown that early-season and Mature plants are not always shorter in MM-NT systems, suggesting that overall plant height may not be an accurate morphometric indicator of decreased yield in MM-NT environments. Given that plant-to-plant morphophysiological uniformity is strongly associated with higher yield in maize, we hypothesized that greater plant height variability would provide a better agronomic explanation for yield loss in MM-NT environments than overall plant height reductions. This 14-year study primarily examined the effects of crop rotation (maize-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and Continuous maize) and tillage system (no-till and moldboard plow) on the yield, 4-week plant population, and 4- and 8-week plant height and plant height variability of a single maize cultivar. Due to sizeable year-to-year variation, actual crop response means for the MM-NT; maize-soybean, no-till (MB-NT); and continuous maize, moldboard plow (MMPC) treatment combinations were expressed relative to the accompanying means for the maize-soybean, moldboard plow (MB-PL) treatment. In numerous years, the MM-NT system exhibited reduced actual and relative yields and lower 4- and 8-week plant heights compared to the other treatment combinations. Both actual and relative 4- and 8-week plant height variability were rarely greatest for the MM-NT treatment, and in only a few years were actual and/or relative plant density lowest for this system. However, single-factor regression analyses between relative yield and the aforementioned relative agronomic measures revealed that a decline in relative MM-NT yield was most strongly associated with an increase in relative 4-week plant height variability. Multi-factor regression analyses between relative yield, relative 4-week plant height variability, and various weather parameters suggested that this strong inverse relationship was potentially a manifestation of (i) non-uniform germination, emergence, and early seedling growth and (ii) later-season intra-specific competition. Regression analyses between relative 4-week plant height variability and various weather parameters suggested that phenomenon (i) was potentially promoted by cool and moist or warm and dry pre-plant weather conditions while phenomenon (ii) was possibly encouraged by low precipitation and/or high temperatures during rapid stem elongation. While MM-NT systems should be managed to limit plant density reductions and minimize growth and developmental delays, increased focus should be placed on minimizing the occurrence of plant-to-plant variability in these environments. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Santini, Judith B.; West, Terry D.; Vyn, Tony J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Boomsma, Christopher R.] Dow AgroSci, Homer, IL 61849 USA. [Brewer, Jason C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McIntyre, Lauren M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Vyn, TJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, Lilly Hall Life Sci,915 W State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM tvyn@purdue.edu RI McIntyre, Lauren/J-8414-2012 OI McIntyre, Lauren/0000-0002-0077-3359 FU Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl., Inc.; Purdue University Andrews Foundation FX Drs. H. Galloway, J.V. Mannering, and D.R. Griffith of Purdue University initiated this long-term tillage and crop rotation experiment in 1975, and continued to coordinate research at this site until their respective retirements in 1980, 1989, and 1995. Numerous faculty, research agronomists, and graduate students have been involved over the years in various multi-disciplinary research investigations within these research plots. This work was partially Supported by a Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl., Inc. Fellowship in Plant Sciences (2006-2009) and a Purdue University Andrews Foundation Fellowship (2004-2006). Special thanks to Beck's Hybrids of Atlanta, Indiana for providing seed for this long-term study even after this variety was no longer commercially available. NR 72 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 106 IS 2 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.still.2009.12.006 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 571OV UT WOS:000275764600009 ER PT J AU Hartman, GL Hill, CB AF Hartman, Glen L. Hill, Curtis B. BE Singh, G TI Diseases of Soybean and Their Management SO SOYBEAN: BOTANY, PRODUCTION AND USES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUDDEN-DEATH SYNDROME; POD-MOTTLE-VIRUS; F-SP GLYCINES; SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; FROGEYE LEAF-SPOT; FUNGICIDE SEED TREATMENTS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FUSARIUM-SOLANI; PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; PHAKOPSORA-PACHYRHIZI C1 [Hartman, Glen L.; Hill, Curtis B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ghartman@illinois.edu; curthill@illinois.edu NR 123 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-644-0 PY 2010 BP 276 EP 299 DI 10.1079/9781845936440.0276 PG 24 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BWD91 UT WOS:000293692000014 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA Huettmann, F AF Cushman, Samuel A. Huettmann, Falk BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Introduction: Ecological Knowledge, Theory and Information in Space and Time SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID PROGRESS; HABITAT C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; fffh@uaf.edu; scushman@fs.fed.us; fffh@uaf.edu NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_1 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600001 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA AF Cushman, Samuel A. BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Space and Time in Ecology: Noise or Fundamental Driver? SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PREDATOR-MEDIATED COEXISTENCE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY; VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT; PATCHY ENVIRONMENT; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; VARIABILITY; POPULATION; STABILITY C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; scushman@fs.fed.us NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 19 EP 41 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_2 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600002 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA Littell, J McGarigal, K AF Cushman, Samuel A. Littell, Jeremy McGarigal, Kevin BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI The Problem of Ecological Scaling in Spatially Complex, Nonequilibrium Ecological Systems SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; AGGREGATION ERROR; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; GRADIENT ANALYSIS; GCM OUTPUT; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERN; GROWTH C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Littell, Jeremy] Univ Washington, CSES Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 43 EP 63 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600003 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA Evans, JS MeGarigal, K AF Cushman, Samuel A. Evans, Jeffrey S. MeGarigal, Kevin BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Landscape Ecology: Past, Present, and Future SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRAGMENTATION; SYSTEMS; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; PATTERN; DISTRIBUTIONS; PERSPECTIVES; ENVIRONMENT; THRESHOLDS; VEGETATION C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [MeGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; scushman@fs.fed.us NR 80 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 65 EP 82 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_4 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600004 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA Gutzweiler, K Evans, JS McGarigal, K AF Cushman, Samuel A. Gutzweiler, Kevin Evans, Jeffrey S. McGarigal, Kevin BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI The Gradient Paradigm: A Conceptual and Analytical Framework for Landscape Ecology SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; WAVELET ANALYSIS; GENETICS; FRAGMENTATION; ALGORITHM; PATTERNS; DISTANCE; FORESTS; OREGON C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Gutzweiler, Kevin] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [McGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; scushman@fs.fed.us NR 77 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 83 EP 108 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_5 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600005 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA McKelvey, KS AF Cushman, Samuel A. McKelvey, Kevin S. BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Data on Distribution and Abundance: Monitoring for Research and Management SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIPS; OREGON COAST RANGE; CONSERVATION; FOREST; DIVERSITY; UMBRELLA; CRITIQUE; TOOL C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.; McKelvey, Kevin S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 111 EP 129 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_6 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600006 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA AF Cushman, Samuel A. BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Animal Movement Data: GPS Telemetry, Autocorrelation and the Need for Path-Level Analysis SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HOME-RANGE SIZE; HABITAT USE; RADIO-TRACKING; AVAILABILITY; BIAS; TIME C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 131 EP 149 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_7 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600007 ER PT B AU Schwartz, MK Luikart, G McKelvey, KS Cushman, SA AF Schwartz, Michael K. Luikart, Gordon McKelvey, Kevin S. Cushman, Samuel A. BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Landscape Genomics: A Brief Perspective SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DETECT CANDIDATE LOCI; POPULATION-GENETICS; CONSERVATION; SELECTION; ADAPTATION; UNITS; POLYMORPHISMS; TECHNOLOGIES; BIODIVERSITY; SPECIATION C1 [Schwartz, Michael K.; McKelvey, Kevin S.; Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Luikart, Gordon] Univ Porto, CIBIO, Ctr Invest Biodiversidade & Recursos Genet, Oporto, Portugal. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; scushman@fs.fed.us OI Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 165 EP 174 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_9 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600009 ER PT B AU Beyer, HL Jenness, J Cushman, SA AF Beyer, Hawthorne L. Jenness, Jeff Cushman, Samuel A. BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Components of Spatial Information Management in Wildlife Ecology: Software for Statistical and Modeling Analysis SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Beyer, Hawthorne L.] Univ Glasgow, Fac Biomed & Life Sci Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Jenness, Jeff] Jenness Enterprises, Flagstaff, AZ 86004 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM hawthorne@spatialecology.com; jeffj@jennessent.com; scushman@fs.fed.us RI Beyer, Hawthorne/F-8050-2013; OI Beyer, Hawthorne/0000-0002-5430-0784; Jenness, Jeff/0000-0002-9448-1444 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_14 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600014 ER PT B AU Hegel, TM Cushman, SA Evans, J Huettmann, F AF Hegel, Troy M. Cushman, Samuel A. Evans, Jeffrey Huettmann, Falk BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Current State of the Art for Statistical Modelling of Species Distributions SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; USE-AVAILABILITY DATA; HABITAT SELECTION; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; PRESENCE-ABSENCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; QUANTILE REGRESSION C1 [Hegel, Troy M.] Yukon Govt, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 4Y9, Canada. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hegel, TM (reprint author), Yukon Govt, 10 Burns Rd, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 4Y9, Canada. EM troy.hegel@gov.yk.ca; fffh@uaf.edu; fffh@uaf.edu NR 204 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 273 EP 311 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_16 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 39 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600016 ER PT B AU McKelvey, KS Cushman, SA Schwartz, MK AF McKelvey, Kevin S. Cushman, Samuel A. Schwartz, Michael K. BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Landscape Genetics SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROE DEER POPULATION; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; FLOW; WOLVERINE; GENOME; CONNECTIVITY; PATTERNS; SEQUENCE; MONTANA; IDAHO C1 [McKelvey, Kevin S.; Cushman, Samuel A.; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; scushman@fs.fed.us NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 313 EP 328 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_17 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600017 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA Chase, M Griffin, C AF Cushman, Samuel A. Chase, Michael Griffin, Curtice BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Mapping Landscape Resistance to Identify Corridors and Barriers for Elephant Movement in Southern Africa SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HETEROGENEITY; CONSERVATION; POPULATION; ECOLOGY C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Chase, Michael] Elephants Borders, Kasane, Botswana. [Griffin, Curtice] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; er@info.bw; cgriffin@nrc.umass.edu NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 349 EP 367 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_19 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600019 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA Compton, BW McGarigal, K AF Cushman, Samuel A. Compton, Bradley W. McGarigal, Kevin BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Habitat Fragmentation Effects Depend on Complex Interactions Between Population Size and Dispersal Ability: Modeling Influences of Roads, Agriculture and Residential Development Across a Range of Life-History Characteristics SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OREGON COAST RANGE; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; AMPHIBIAN MOVEMENTS; LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; BREEDING BIRDS; DENSITY; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; GENETICS C1 [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Compton, Bradley W.; McGarigal, Kevin] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Cushman, SA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; scushman@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 369 EP 385 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_20 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600020 ER PT B AU Cushman, SA Huettmann, F AF Cushman, Samuel A. Huettmann, Falk BE Cushman, SA Huettmann, F TI Future and Outlook: Where Are We, and Where Will the Spatial Information Management in Wildlife Ecology Be in 50 Years from Now? SO SPATIAL COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS, AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Cushman, Samuel A.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Huettmann, F (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Dept Biol & Wildlife, EWHALE Lab, 419 IRVING I, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM scushman@fs.fed.us; fffh@uaf.edu; scushman@fs.fed.us; fffh@uaf.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-4-431-87770-7 PY 2010 BP 445 EP 449 DI 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4_24 D2 10.1007/978-4-431-87771-4 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BNH56 UT WOS:000274569600024 ER PT J AU Parmenter, BJ Raymond, J Singh, MAF AF Parmenter, Belinda J. Raymond, Jacqueline Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone TI The Effect of Exercise on Haemodynamics in Intermittent Claudication SO SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SUPERVISED EXERCISE; OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; WALKING PERFORMANCE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; LOWER-EXTREMITY; REHABILITATION; IMPROVES AB Changes in lower limb haemodynamics such as arterial pressure and/or flow have often been, and continue to be, cited as possible mechanisms for the improvement in walking performance that occurs with exercise training in individuals with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), but data are conflicting in this regard. There are a small number of literature reviews examining the effects of exercise on PAD, however, there has been insufficient analysis synthesizing possible mechanisms of effect, overall benefits and limitations of these trials. Our objective was therefore to systematically review the evidence for the effect of exercise on lower limb haemodynamic measures of resting and post-exercise ankle brachial index (ABI), resting toe pressure, and resting and reactive hyperaemic calf blood flow in PAD. A systematic search of studies published between 1934 and March 2010 was conducted using MEDLINE, EM BASE, AMED, Sport Discus (R), CINAHL (R), PEDro, Pre-medline, Google Scholar and Web of Knowledge databases. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials using an exercise intervention for the treatment of intermittent claudication with haemodynamic measures of disease severity as outcomes. Relative effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for outcomes. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to establish relationships between symptoms and haemodynamic outcomes. Thirty-three trials including 1237 subjects with mild to moderate claudication met the eligibility criteria. Exercise did not significantly change lower extremity haemodynamics in most trials; nor were clinical improvements related to changes in resting ABI (mean ES 0.09+/-0.26; r = 0.02; p = 0.94), post-exercise ABI (mean ES 0.18+/-0.3; r=-0.33; p = 0.52) or reactive hyperaemic calf blood flow (mean ES 0.38+/-0.67; r = 0.35; p = 0.26). A relationship may exist between a change in symptoms and changes in resting toe pressure (mean ES 0.22+/-0.22; r = 0.75; p = 0.25) and resting calf blood flow (mean ES 0.09+/-0.16; r = 0.59; p = 0.22). Changes in resting and post-exercise ABI and reactive hyperaemic calf blood flow do not appear to explain the clinical benefits of exercise in PAD. More study is required in the areas of resting toe pressure and resting calf blood flow. C1 [Parmenter, Belinda J.; Raymond, Jacqueline; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Univ Sydney, Sydney Med Sch, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone] Tufts Univ, Hebrew SeniorLife & Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Parmenter, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Hlth Sci, Exercise Hlth & Performance Fac Res Grp, POB 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia. EM belinda.parmenter@sydney.edu.au NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU ADIS INT LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 1311, NEW ZEALAND SN 0112-1642 J9 SPORTS MED JI Sports Med. PY 2010 VL 40 IS 5 BP 433 EP 447 PG 15 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 610FQ UT WOS:000278717500006 PM 20433214 ER PT J AU Mi, XJ Eskridge, K Wang, D Baenziger, PS Campbell, BT Gill, KS Dweikat, I Bovaird, J AF Mi, Xiaojuan Eskridge, Kent Wang, Dong Baenziger, P. Stephen Campbell, B. Todd Gill, Kulvinder S. Dweikat, Ismail Bovaird, James TI Regression-Based Multi-Trait QTL Mapping Using a Structural Equation Model SO STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE QTL mapping; multiple traits; structural equation model; least squares ID QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; LOCI; POPULATIONS; COMPLEXES; NETWORKS; MARKERS; WHEAT AB Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping often results in data on a number of traits that have well-established causal relationships. Many multi-trait QTL mapping methods that account for the correlation among multiple traits have been developed to improve the statistical power and the precision of QTL parameter estimation. However, none of these methods are capable of incorporating the causal structure among the traits. Consequently, genetic functions of the QTL may not be fully understood. Structural equation modeling (SEM) allows researchers to explicitly characterize the causal structure among the variables and to decompose effects into direct, indirect, and total effects. In this paper, we developed a multi-trait SEM method of QTL mapping that takes into account the causal relationships among traits related to grain yield. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation study and applied to data from a wheat experiment. Compared with single trait analysis and the multi-trait least-squares analysis, our multi-trait SEM improves statistical power of QTL detection and provides important insight into how QTLs regulate traits by investigating the direct, indirect, and total QTL effects. The approach also helps build biological models that more realistically reflect the complex relationships among QTL and traits and is more precise and efficient in QTL mapping than single trait analysis. C1 [Mi, Xiaojuan; Eskridge, Kent; Wang, Dong; Baenziger, P. Stephen; Dweikat, Ismail; Bovaird, James] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Campbell, B. Todd] ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Gill, Kulvinder S.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mi, XJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM xjmixu@yahoo.com; keskridg@unlserve.unl.edu; dwang3@unlnotes.unl.edu; pbaenziger1@unl.edu; todd.campbell@ars.usda.gov; ksgill@mail.wsu.edu; idweikat2@unl.edu; jbovaird2@unl.edu RI Baenziger, Peter/C-6490-2014 OI Baenziger, Peter/0000-0002-9109-6954 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1544-6115 J9 STAT APPL GENET MOL JI Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 DI 10.2202/1544-6115.1552 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 674JO UT WOS:000283737300001 ER PT B AU Ulyshen, MD Horn, S AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Horn, Scott BE Hayes, GD Flores, TS TI AN APPEAL TO PROTECT AND RESTORE EXPOSED RIVERINE SEDIMENTS (ERS) IN NORTH AMERICA SO STREAM RESTORATION: HALTING DISTURBANCES, ASSISTED RECOVERY AND MANAGED RECOVERY SE Environmental Remediation Technologies Regulations and Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEETLES COLEOPTERA; CONSERVATION VALUE; RIPARIAN BEETLES; CARABIDAE; COMMUNITIES; INVERTEBRATES; ENGLAND; SPIDERS; FLOOD; FAUNA AB Exposed riverine sediments (ERS) are relatively un-vegetated deposits of gravel, sand, silt or some combination found within the stream channel. These habitats support diverse disturbance-adapted arthropod faunas, including both specialist and opportunistic species, and are therefore important in maintaining riparian biodiversity. Because ERS habitat heterogeneity is essential in maintaining diverse arthropod faunas, anthropogenic stream modifications that alter the complexity and hydrological regime of streams have detrimental effects. Many species in Europe have gone extinct, at least regionally, and many others have become highly threatened. Though less well studied, there are some troubling indications that North American ERS arthropods are facing a similar crisis. While restoring ERS habitats should be possible, the lack of previous survey data will make it difficult to monitor arthropod community recovery. Therefore, protecting ERS habitats from further degradation should be a top priority. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-450-1 J9 ENV REMED TECH REGUL PY 2010 BP 173 EP 176 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BSE61 UT WOS:000284287400007 ER PT J AU Bensch, K Groenewald, JZ Dijksterhuis, J Starink-Willemse, M Andersen, B Summerell, BA Shin, HD Dugan, FM Schroers, HJ Braun, U Crous, PW AF Bensch, K. Groenewald, J. Z. Dijksterhuis, J. Starink-Willemse, M. Andersen, B. Summerell, B. A. Shin, H. -D. Dugan, F. M. Schroers, H. -J. Braun, U. Crous, P. W. TI Species and ecological diversity within the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales) SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cladosporium oxysporum; Cladosporium tenuissimum; epitypification; new species; phylogeny; taxonomy ID TAXONOMIC REVISION; SENSU-LATO; CAUSAL ORGANISM; LEAF-SPOT; PHYLOGENETIC LINEAGES; ASPERGILLUS-ORYZAE; GENE GENEALOGIES; S.-LAT; MYCOSPHAERELLA; EUCALYPTUS AB The genus Cladosporium is one of the largest genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, and is characterised by a coronate scar structure, conidia in acropetal chains and Davidiella teleomorphs. Based on morphology and DNA phylogeny, the species complexes of C. herbarum and C. sphaerospermum have been resolved, resulting in the elucidation of numerous new taxa. In the present study, more than 200 isolates belonging to the C. cladosporioides complex were examined and phylogenetically analysed on the basis of DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, the 5.8S nrDNA, as well as partial actin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequences. For the saprobic, widely distributed species Cladosporium cladosporioides, both a neotype and epitype are designated in order to specify a well established circumscription and concept of this species. Cladosporium tenuissimum and C. oxysporum, two saprobes abundant in the tropics, are epitypified and shown to be allied to, but distinct from C. cladosporioides. Twenty-two species are newly described on the basis of phylogenetic characters and cryptic morphological differences. The most important phenotypic characters for distinguishing species within the C. cladosporioides complex, which represents a monophyletic subclade within the genus, are shape, width, length, septation and surface ornamentation of conidia and conidiophores; length and branching patterns of conidial chains and hyphal shape, width and arrangement. Many of the treated species, e.g., C. acalyphae, C. angustisporum, C. australiense, C. basiinflatum, C. chalastosporoides, C. colocasiae, C. cucumerinum, C. exasperatum, C. exile, C. flabelliforme, C. gamsianum, and C. globisporum are currently known only from specific hosts, or have a restricted geographical distribution. A key to all species recognised within the C. cladosporioides complex is provided. C1 [Bensch, K.; Groenewald, J. Z.; Dijksterhuis, J.; Starink-Willemse, M.; Crous, P. W.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. [Bensch, K.] Bot Staatssammlung Munchen, D-80638 Munich, Germany. [Andersen, B.] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Summerell, B. A.] Royal Bot Gardens, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Summerell, B. A.] Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. [Shin, H. -D.] Korea Univ, Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Dugan, F. M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Intro Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Dugan, F. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Schroers, H. -J.] Agr Inst Slovenia, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia. [Braun, U.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, Bereich Geobot, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Braun, U.] Bot Garten, Herbarium, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. [Crous, P. W.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Biol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Bensch, K (reprint author), CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, POB 85167, NL-3508 AD Utrecht, Netherlands. EM konstanze.schubert@gmx.de RI Groenewald, Johannes/F-4667-2011; Summerell, Brett/B-4934-2010; Andersen, Birgitte/F-3922-2012; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Bensch, Konstanze/F-5525-2014; Dijksterhuis, Jan/K-5945-2014 OI Andersen, Birgitte/0000-0002-4544-9886; Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; Dijksterhuis, Jan/0000-0002-2649-1704 NR 140 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 7 U2 43 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 85167, 3508 AD UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PY 2010 IS 67 BP 1 EP 94 DI 10.3114/sim.2010.67.01 PG 94 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 669JJ UT WOS:000283343400001 PM 20877444 ER PT S AU Eggleston, G AF Eggleston, Gillian BE Eggleston, G TI Future Sustainability of the Sugar and Sugar-Ethanol Industries SO SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUGAR AND SUGAR-ETHANOL INDUSTRIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainabil Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc ID ALPHA-AMYLASE APPLICATION; OPTIMIZATION; BIOMATERIALS; MANUFACTURE; DEXTRANASES; VARIETIES; BIOFUELS; TRASH; FUEL AB Like many other food and chemical industries, the sugar and sugar ethanol industries are facing important sustainability issues. The relatively low and fluctuating profit for sugar, the world-wide impetus to produce alternatives to petroleum-based fuels and reduce green house gases, and water- and energy-intensive factories and refineries are putting pressure on the industries to diversify for sustainability. In sugar manufacture, there is a world-wide trend to produce very high purity (VHP) and very low color (VLC) raw sugars for vertical integration from the field to white sugar. All biomass from the sugarcane and sugar beet plants including tops and leaves, are being intensely investigated for utilization, including cogeneration of both heat and bioelectricity in some countries. Sugar, in a few years, is expected to be the "new oil" as sugar is a superior feedstock for the production of platform chemicals for the manufacture of a range of end-products, e.g., bioplastics, industrial solvents, and chemicals. Sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum fit well into the concept of a renewable carbohydrate feedstock for fuel ethanol production because of their availability, and they are amongst the plants giving the highest yields of carbohydrates per hectare. Green sustainability criteria are now in place in the European Union for the EU biofuels sector that have to be met to count against national biofuel targets. Processes to convert high-fiber, energy sugarcanes and sugar beets as well as traditional cellulosic by-products into fuel ethanol have been developed but are not yet commercialized. C1 ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov; gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2598-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1058 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BVT31 UT WOS:000292709200001 ER PT S AU Viator, R White, P Richard, E AF Viator, Ryan White, Paul Richard, Edward, Jr. BE Eggleston, G TI Sustainable Production of Energycane for Bio-Energy in the Southeastern United States SO SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUGAR AND SUGAR-ETHANOL INDUSTRIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainabil Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; SUGARCANE RED ROT; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; TRASH MANAGEMENT; CORN STOVER; NO-TILLAGE; REGISTRATION; YIELD; CARBON AB The U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandates that at least 36 billion gallons of biofuels are to be used by 2022 and that 16 billion gallons be derived from cellulosic sources. Sugarcane as a biofuels feedstock has tremendous potential for production of bioethanol and second-generation biofuels; growers could be paid for not just cane stalks but also for leafy material that is usually not harvested and left on the field. Sugarcane grown solely for the production of energy is referred to as energycane; energycane fiber can range from 14-30%, sucrose 4-15%, and leafy material 2-20%. Energycanes appear to have greater biomass yield potential, ratoon vigor, flood tolerance, and cold tolerance than commercial sugarcane varieties. Energycane may be grown for more ratoon crops, on marginal land, in cooler environments, and with fewer inputs than sugarcane. Economic sustainability will depend on biofuel yields from the conversion of feedstocks such as sugarcane and energycane via multiple techniques such as combustion and cellulosic conversion. Currently, there is a very broad range for fuel yields and conversion costs are also unknown. Once an economically viable and commercial conversion process is established, then the level of resources required to produce a sustainable feedstock from energycane can become more specific. C1 [Viator, Ryan; White, Paul; Richard, Edward, Jr.] ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. RP Viator, R (reprint author), ARS, Sugarcane Res Unit, USDA, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM ryan.viator@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2598-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1058 BP 147 EP 161 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BVT31 UT WOS:000292709200009 ER PT S AU Panella, L Kaftka, SR AF Panella, Lee Kaftka, Stephen R. BE Eggleston, G TI Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L) as a Biofuel Feedstock in the United States SO SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUGAR AND SUGAR-ETHANOL INDUSTRIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainabil Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SWEET SORGHUM; EMISSIONS; VARIABLES; TRENDS; FUEL AB Sugar beet is a biennial plant, which produces an enlarged root and hypocotyl in the first year, in which it stores sucrose to provide energy to flower in the next season. Technically, conversion of sugar to ethanol is a simple process requiring only yeast fermentation. A 2006 USDA study calculated the yield of ethanol from the sucrose in a sugar beet was 103.5 L per tonne of root (wet weight). Life cycle analysis (LCA) indicates that bioethanol from sugar beet reduces green house gases as well or better than maize. Both nitrogen and water use efficiency may be superior to maize on average. However, sugar beet with an area of 465,000 ha in 2009, compared with about 32 million ha of maize, likely will not displace maize as the primary feedstock for bioethanol in the U.S. More likely, co-products like pulp and molasses will find use as bioenergy feedstocks, probably for high value specialty fuels or as feedstocks for a whole generation of petroleum plastic substitutes. C1 [Panella, Lee] USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Panella, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Lee.panella@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2598-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1058 BP 163 EP 175 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BVT31 UT WOS:000292709200010 ER PT S AU Lingle, SE AF Lingle, Sarah E. BE Eggleston, G TI Opportunities and Challenges of Sweet Sorghum as a Feedstock for Biofuel SO SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUGAR AND SUGAR-ETHANOL INDUSTRIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainabil Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc ID ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; FERMENTABLE SUGARS; RAW SUGAR; GROWTH; JUICE; BICOLOR; FUEL; ACCUMULATION; REMOVAL; STARCH AB Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a grass crop with thick stalks adapted to warm climates. Sweet sorghum has a juicy, sweet stalk. The juice can be pressed from the stalks, and the sugars either directly fermented or evaporated to make syrup, which can be fermented after storage. The plant residue remaining can be burned to run the factory or cogenerate electricity, or used as feedstock for cellulosic ethanol. It can also be used as animal feed. Sweet sorghum has wide environmental adaptation, rapid growth, high productivity, relative tolerance to marginal growing conditions, and high concentrations of the easily fermentable sugars sucrose, glucose, and fructose. The sugars in sweet sorghum start to deteriorate once the stalk is harvested. Leaves and leaf sheaths are difficult to remove from the stalk. They add microorganisms, organic acids, and starch to the juice. Microorganisms deteriorate the sugars, organic acids react with the sugars when the juice is heated, and starch thickens or gels when the syrup cools after boiling. Ideas for addressing these challenges are discussed. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lingle, SE (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM sarah.lingle@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2598-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1058 BP 177 EP 188 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BVT31 UT WOS:000292709200011 ER PT S AU Eggleston, G Gober, J Alexander, C AF Eggleston, Gillian Gober, Jessica Alexander, Clay BE Eggleston, G TI Enzymatic Analysis of Mannitol as a Leuconostoc mesenteroides Deterioration Marker in Sugarcane and Sugar Beet Factories SO SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUGAR AND SUGAR-ETHANOL INDUSTRIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainabil Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc ID VARIETIES AB Sugarcane and sugar beet deterioration can still be a major technologocial constraint in processing, and better control of deterioration will contribute to the sustainability of the industries. The major (but not sole) contributor to deterioration in the U.S. and many other countries, particularly where warm and humid conditions prevail, is infection by hetero-fermentative Leuconostoc mesenteroides lactic acid bacteria. In recent years it has emerged that mannitol is a major product of L. mesenteroides deterioration of both sugarcane and sugar beet and a sensitive marker that can predict processing problems. An enzymatic factory method that is rapid, simple, accurate, and inexpensive is now available to measure mannitol in consignment juices and molasses. Cost of juice preparation was improved considerably by using Celite (TM) filter-aid and glass filters rather than PVDF microfilters. Precision and accuracy of the enzymatic method to measure low mannitol concentrations in sugar products were improved by spiking the buffer with mannitol and then calculating the final mannitol concentration by difference, although this was much better for diluted molasses than juice. Fructose up to 18% on a dissolved solids (Brix) basis was unequivocally shown not to interfere in the enzymatic determination of mannitol in both juices and molasses by comparing with gas and ion chromatography results. The increasing awareness of how mannitol detrimentally affects processing, e.g., crystallization, is discussed. C1 [Eggleston, Gillian; Gober, Jessica; Alexander, Clay] ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Eggleston, G (reprint author), ARS, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov; gillian.eggleston@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2598-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1058 BP 207 EP 227 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BVT31 UT WOS:000292709200013 ER PT S AU Hotchkiss, A Fishman, M Liu, LS AF Hotchkiss, Arland Fishman, Marshall Liu, LinShu BE Eggleston, G TI The Role of Sugar Beet Pulp Polysaccharides in the Sustainability of the Sugar Beet Industry SO SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SUGAR AND SUGAR-ETHANOL INDUSTRIES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 239th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 22, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Carbohydrate Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Sustainabil Theme Comm, Amer Sugar Cane League, V Lab Inc ID RICH PECTIC POLYSACCHARIDES; POLY(LACTIC ACID); PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; GREEN COMPOSITES; CELL-WALLS; CELLULOSE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; HEMICELLULOSES; EXTRACTION; ARABINOSE AB Sugar beet pulp was sequentially extracted with a microwave heating source under pressure to produce pectin, alkaline soluble polysaccharides, and cellulose which was converted into carboxymethyl-cellulose. The solution physical-chemical properties of these polysaccharides were compared to those obtained using other extraction methods. The molar mass, radius of gyration, and intrinsic viscosity quality of these sugar beet polysaccharides was very high compared to values reported in previous literature. A sugar beet biorefinery is discussed that could produce valuable polysaccharide co-products in addition to providing feedstocks for biofuel fermentation in conjunction with sucrose production. These methods and new co-products would improve the sustainability of sugar beet processing by reducing energy costs, replacing petroleum-based products, and decreasing chemical input to produce a common food gum. C1 [Hotchkiss, Arland; Fishman, Marshall; Liu, LinShu] ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hotchkiss, A (reprint author), ARS, Dairy & Funct Foods Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM arland.hotchkiss@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2598-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1058 BP 283 EP 290 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BVT31 UT WOS:000292709200017 ER PT B AU Truong, VD Avula, RY AF Truong, Van-Den Avula, Ramesh Y. BE Ray, RC Tomlins, KI TI SWEET POTATO PUREES AND DEHYDRATED POWDERS FOR FUNCTIONAL FOOD INGREDIENTS SO SWEET POTATO: POST HARVEST ASPECTS IN FOOD, FEED AND INDUSTRY SE Food Science and Technology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LYE PEELING CONDITIONS; FLOW MICROWAVE SYSTEM; IPOMOEA-BATATAS LAM.; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; BETA-CAROTENE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; EXTRUSION-COOKING; STARCH GRANULE; VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES AB Processing technologies have been developed in various parts of the world to convert sweet potatoes into purees and dehydrated forms that can be used as functional ingredients in numerous food products. This chapter reviews the processing operations involved in these technologies and their effects on quality, storability, nutritional values and rheological properties of sweet potato purees and powders/flours. For purees, the processing steps include peeling, cutting/grinding, and pre-cooking/finish-cooking with temperature-time program suitable for starch conversion by endogenous amylolytic enzymes to obtain the products with targeted maltose levels and viscosities. The purees can be subsequently preserved by refrigerated and frozen storage, canning, or aseptic packaging. However, poor product quality due to excessive thermal treatments in canning, high cost of investment associated with frozen products and limited package sizes of these preserved forms are the main hurdles for widespread applications of sweet potato purees in the food industry. These problems can be overcome by a new process using a continuous flow microwave system for rapid sterilization and aseptic packaging to produce shelf-stable purees with consistently high quality. Sweet potato purees can be further processed into drum- or spray-dried powders. In many countries, solar drying and mechanical drying in cabinets and tunnels are common in producing sweet potato dried chips which are pulverized into flours. Extrusion technology and chemical treatments are also applied to produce sweet potato powders for specific functionality. With high levels of carbohydrates, B-carotene (orange-fleshed varieties) and anthocyanins (purple-fleshed varieties), sweet potato purees and dehydrated forms can be used as functional ingredients to impart desired textural properties and phytonutrient content in processed food products. C1 [Truong, Van-Den] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Avula, Ramesh Y.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Truong, VD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Den.Truong@ars.usda.gov NR 236 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-343-6 J9 FOOD SCI TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 117 EP 161 PG 45 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA BOB70 UT WOS:000276109300005 ER PT S AU Applebaum, SW Ichelczik, D Humber, RA AF Applebaum, Shalom W. Ichelczik, Dana Humber, Richard A. BE Seckbach, J Grube, M TI THREE IN A BOAT: HOST-PLANT, INSECT HERBIVORE, AND FUNGAL ENTOMOPATHOGEN SO SYMBIOSES AND STRESS: JOINT VENTURES IN BIOLOGY SE Cellular Origin Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; DIATRAEA-SACCHARALIS LEPIDOPTERA; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA ASCOMYCOTA; LOCUST SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA; UDP-GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE GENE; CUTICLE-DEGRADING PROTEASES; MOSQUITO ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR LARVAE; ANISOPLIAE VAR ACRIDUM C1 [Applebaum, Shalom W.; Ichelczik, Dana] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Lab Insect Physiol, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. [Humber, Richard A.] ARS, USDA, Biol Integrated Management Res Unit, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Applebaum, SW (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Lab Insect Physiol, Rehovot Campus, IL-91905 Jerusalem, Israel. EM shalom@agri.huji.ac.il; Danaxe_2000@yahoo.com; Richard.humber@ars.usda.gov NR 284 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-661X BN 978-90-481-9448-3 J9 CELL ORIG LIFE EXTRE JI Cell. Orig. Life Extrem. Habitats Astrobiol. PY 2010 VL 17 BP 291 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9449-0_14 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9449-0 PG 38 WC Biology; Cell Biology; Ecology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BRH21 UT WOS:000282704600014 ER PT J AU Spooner, DM AF Spooner, David M. TI Sandra Diane Knapp-Recipient of the 2009 Peter Raven Award SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, ARS, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Spooner, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, ARS, USDA, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI LARAMIE PA UNIV WYOMING, DEPT BOTANY 3165, 1000 E UNIVERSITY AVE, LARAMIE, WY 82071 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 566DN UT WOS:000275350400003 ER PT B AU Yoon, SC Thai, CN AF Yoon, S. C. Thai, C. N. BE Elleithy, K Sobh, T Iskander, M Kapila, V Karim, MA Mahmood, A TI Stereo Spectral Imaging System for Plant Health Characterization SO TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN NETWORKING, EDUCATION AND AUTOMATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering (CISSE) CY DEC 04-12, 2009 CL Bridgeport, CT SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Univ Bridgeport ID REFLECTANCE AB Three-dimensional (3D) measurements of whole plants may provide detailed structure information about plant growth Patterns and also complement existing X-ray systems for the below-ground part. In addition to this structural characterization of plants, spectral information may also biochemically characterize plants' health. A stereo vision technique is a cost-effective and rapid imaging technique for measuring and reconstructing 3D structures. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) requiring measurements of two spectral wavelengths in the NIR and red spectral regions has been widely used in remote sensing as an index to estimate various vegetation properties including chlorophyll concentration in leaves, leaf area index, biomass, and plant productivity. We integrated both stereo vision and NDVI techniques and developed a stereo spectral imaging (SSI) system for chlorophyll and biomass quantification of plants in 3D space. We used a stereo vision camera system and custom designed a dual-wavelength filter system at 690 nm and 750 nm to develop the SSI system. Calibration techniques for NDVI computation using two spectral band images were developed by referencing a diffuse reflectance panel. We also developed a texture mapping technique for rendering NDVI values in 3D space. In this paper, the performance of the SSI system was evaluated with an artificial plant with spectral properties similar to real plant's green leaves. C1 [Thai, C. N.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Yoon, S. C.] Univ Georgia, Biol & Agricultural Engn Dept, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Yoon, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM seungchul.yoon@ars.usda.gov; thai@engr.uga.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-9150-5 PY 2010 BP 181 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9151-2_31 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BBJ28 UT WOS:000307044200031 ER PT S AU Mavsar, R Caban, AG Farreras, V AF Mavsar, Robert Caban, Armando Gonzalez Farreras, Veronica BE Silva, JS Rego, F Fernandes, P Rigolot, E TI The Importance of Economics in Fire Management Programmes Analysis SO TOWARDS INTEGRATED FIRE MANAGEMENT: OUTCOMES OF THE EUROPEAN PROJECT FIRE PARADOX SE European Forest Institute Research Report LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUELS REDUCTION ACTIONS; ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS; WILDFIRE; MODEL; RISK C1 [Mavsar, Robert; Farreras, Veronica] Forest Technol Ctr Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. [Caban, Armando Gonzalez] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Mavsar, R (reprint author), Forest Technol Ctr Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE PI JOENSUU PA TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND SN 1238-8785 BN 978-952-5453-45-4 J9 EUR FOR I RES REP PY 2010 VL 23 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQE41 UT WOS:000280776000008 ER PT J AU Anjos, BL Nobre, VMT Dantas, AFM Medeiros, RMT Neto, TSO Molyneux, RJ Riet-Correa, F AF Anjos, Bruno Leite Nobre, Veronica M. T. Dantas, Antonio F. M. Medeiros, Rosane M. T. Oliveira Neto, Temistocles S. Molyneux, Russell J. Riet-Correa, Franklin TI Poisoning of sheep by seeds of Crotalaria retusa: Acquired resistance by continuous administration of low doses SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Acute poisoning; Chronic poisoning; Monocrotaline; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Seeds; Sheep resistance ID PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; MONOCROTALINE; TOXICITY; METABOLISM; LIVER; INJURY AB Seeds of Crotalaria retusa containing 6.84% (dry weight) of monocrotaline (MCT) were administered experimentally to sheep. Three sheep that received 136.8 mg MCT/kg bw daily for 70 days had no clinical signs. Five out of six sheep ingesting single doses of 205.2 and 273.6 mg MCT/kg bw died with acute (three sheep) or chronic intoxication (two sheep). Acute intoxicated sheep had periacinar liver necrosis and chronic intoxicated sheep liver fibrosis and megalocytosis. Another three sheep had no clinical signs after the ingestion of 20 daily doses of 136.8 mg MCT/kg, followed by seven doses of 273.6 mg MCT/kg, and one single dose of 342 mg MCT/kg. These experiments demonstrated that sheep are susceptible to acute intoxication by MCT being intoxicated by a single oral dose of approximately 205.2 mg/kg. In contrast, they develop strong resistance to MCT after the daily ingestion of non lethal doses (136.8 mg/kg). It is suggested that chronic poisoning does not occur by the repeated ingestion of non acutely toxic doses, but probably by the ingestion of single toxic doses. It is also suggested that sheep do not become intoxicated with the ingestion of C retusa in the vegetative non-seeding stage. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anjos, Bruno Leite; Nobre, Veronica M. T.; Dantas, Antonio F. M.; Medeiros, Rosane M. T.; Oliveira Neto, Temistocles S.; Riet-Correa, Franklin] Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Vet Hosp, BR-58700310 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. [Molyneux, Russell J.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Riet-Correa, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Campina Grande, CSTR, Vet Hosp, BR-58700310 Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil. EM franklin.riet@pq.cnpq.br FU Institutos do Milenio, National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq) [420012/2005-2]; Programa de Apoio a Nucleos de Excelencia (PRONEX) [001/04]; FAPESQ, MCT FX This work was financially supported by Institutos do Milenio, National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq), grant No 420012/2005-2 and by the Programa de Apoio a Nucleos de Excelencia (PRONEX), grant No 001/04, CNPq, FAPESQ, MCT. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JAN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.06.028 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 547WX UT WOS:000273921500004 PM 19576921 ER PT S AU Brul, S Fratamico, P McMeekin, T AF Brul, S. Fratamico, P. McMeekin, T. BE Brul, S Fratamico, PM McMeekin, TA TI Tracing pathogens in the food chain Introduction SO TRACING PATHOGENS IN THE FOOD CHAIN SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter DE foodborne pathogens; tracing and tracking microorganisms in the food chain; modelling microbial behaviour; systems analysis of microbial food preservation ID PREDICTIVE MICROBIOLOGY; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; OUTGROWTH; FUTURE; SAFETY; SPORES AB The presence of microorganisms in our day-to-day lives is briefly put into perspective with a strong focus on those bacteria that cause food safety concerns. From considerations on their initial presence, we move to their identification with state-of-the-art molecular tools and close the loop with attention to surveillance and microbial behaviour in specific chains. The contemporary concept in (predictive) food microbiology of the need to transform mechanistic data as much as possible to models at different organisational levels of biological structure and function is introduced. C1 [Brul, S.] Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Fratamico, P.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [McMeekin, T.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Tasmanian Inst Agr Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Brul, S (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM S.Brul@uva.nl; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; Tom.McMeekin@utas.edu.au NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-496-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 196 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB43 UT WOS:000290956200002 ER PT S AU Brul, S Fratamico, PM McMeekin, TA AF Brul, Stanley Fratamico, Pina M. McMeekin, Tom A. BE Brul, S Fratamico, PM McMeekin, TA TI Tracing pathogens in the food chain Preface SO TRACING PATHOGENS IN THE FOOD CHAIN SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [McMeekin, Tom A.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Tasmanian Inst Agr Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Brul, Stanley] Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Brul, S (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Swammerdam Inst Life Sci, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, NL-1018 WV Amsterdam, Netherlands. EM S.Brul@uva.nl; pina.fratamico@ars.usda.gov; Tom.McMeekin@utas.edu.au NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-496-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 196 BP XXVII EP XXVII PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB43 UT WOS:000290956200001 ER PT S AU Buzby, JC AF Buzby, J. C. BE Brul, S Fratamico, PM McMeekin, TA TI Determining the economic costs and global burden of foodborne disease SO TRACING PATHOGENS IN THE FOOD CHAIN SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE cost-of-illness; economic costs; foodborne disease; food safety; willingness-to-pay ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; FOOD SAFETY; ILLNESS; HEALTH; CAMPYLOBACTER; SALMONELLOSIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; POULTRY AB This chapter presents eight epidemiological and methodological challenges that hinder the estimation of the economic costs and burden of foodborne disease. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the different types of societal costs of foodborne disease, why they are important to estimate, the general principles of economic analysis for US food safety regulations and the World Health Organization's collaboration to estimate the global burden of foodborne disease. The chapter summarizes the main methods used to value the costs or burden of foodborne disease and provides examples of US and international estimates. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Buzby, JC (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St,Room S2080, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jbuzby@ers.usda.gov NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-496-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 196 BP 114 EP 138 PG 25 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB43 UT WOS:000290956200007 ER PT S AU Hiett, KL AF Hiett, K. L. BE Brul, S Fratamico, PM McMeekin, TA TI Tracing pathogens in poultry and egg production and at the abattoir SO TRACING PATHOGENS IN THE FOOD CHAIN SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE poultry; eggs; zoonotic bacterial pathogens; food safety ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI INFECTION; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION; ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCES; ENTEROTOXIGENIC CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; COMMERCIAL BROILER HATCHERIES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FOOD SAFETY AB One of the most rapidly growing categories of food commodities consists of poultry meat and hen eggs. The rise in the production and consumption of these commodities has resulted in increased concerns regarding their safety to the consumer. This chapter presents a summary of the most common zoonotic bacterial pathogens associated with poultry meat and hen egg production, as well as a review of various intervention strategies aimed at the reduction of these pathogens on/in the products. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Kelli.hiett@ars.usda.gov NR 281 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-496-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 196 BP 465 EP 502 PG 38 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB43 UT WOS:000290956200021 ER PT S AU Van Kessel, JS Santin-Duran, M Karns, JS Schukken, Y AF Van Kessel, J. S. Santin-Duran, M. Karns, J. S. Schukken, Y. BE Brul, S Fratamico, PM McMeekin, TA TI Tracing zoonotic pathogens in dairy production SO TRACING PATHOGENS IN THE FOOD CHAIN SE Woodhead Publishing in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE dairy; zoonotic pathogens; E. coli; Salmonella; Cryptosporidium; Listeria monocytogenes ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; BULK TANK MILK; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT SALMONELLA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; DRINKING RAW-MILK; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS AB Dairy farming has become a highly productive system producing ample amounts of high-quality milk and meat from fewer cows on less land on fewer, but larger, farms. Despite this consolidation and modernization, zoonotic pathogenic bacteria and protozoans remain problems on the modern dairy farm. Although pasteurization has greatly reduced illness due to contaminated dairy products, post-processing contamination and an apparent increase in the consumption of raw milk, raw milk products and meat from dairy cows continue to result in outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness. Methods used for pathogen detection, identification, subtyping and characterization methods have shown the relationships between pathogens from cow feces and the surrounding environment and those contaminating milk and meat; however, control of these pathogens on the farm remains difficult. C1 [Van Kessel, J. S.; Santin-Duran, M.; Karns, J. S.] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schukken, Y.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Qual Milk Prod Serv, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Van Kessel, JS (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM joann.vankessel@ars.usda.gov; monica.santin-duran@ars.usda.gov; jeffrey.karns@ars.usda.gov; yhs2@cornell.edu RI Schukken, Ynte/C-3405-2008 OI Schukken, Ynte/0000-0002-8250-4194 NR 119 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-496-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 196 BP 503 EP 526 PG 24 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB43 UT WOS:000290956200022 ER PT S AU Mandrell, RE AF Mandrell, R. E. BE Brul, S Fratamico, PM McMeekin, TA TI Tracing pathogens in fruit and vegetable production chains SO TRACING PATHOGENS IN THE FOOD CHAIN SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE microbial source tracking; lettuce; spinach; leafy greens; pre-harvest; wildlife; genotyping; serovars; reservoirs; rainfall; climate; prevalence ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; TANDEM-REPEAT ANALYSIS; LOCUS VARIABLE-NUMBER; WHITE-TAILED DEER; MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING; ENTERICA SEROVAR NEWPORT; CONTAMINATED MANURE COMPOSTS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; FRESH PRODUCE AB The health benefits of fresh fruits and vegetables and year-round availability of many produce commodities has led to increased consumption in the United States and other western countries. This has, however, been correlated with a rise in the number of foodborne outbreaks. Although there are logical sources of pathogens, definitive explanations of how contamination occurs have been lacking. Biotic or abiotic processes linking primary pathogen reservoirs to fields are dynamic and difficult to identify. Tracking reservoirs and movement of pathogens in the environment require intensive sampling and accurate fingerprinting/genotyping. Fresh produce outbreaks associated with enteric pathogens, their sources and fitness in the environment will be presented along with methods for tracking pathogens and outcomes from recent investigations. Next generation DNA sequencing and genomics methods being developed will enhance microbial source tracking studies in complex produce production environments. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Mandrell, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM robert.mandrell@ars.usda.gov NR 272 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-496-8 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2010 IS 196 BP 548 EP 595 PG 48 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BVB43 UT WOS:000290956200024 ER PT J AU Ward, DM Nislow, KH Chen, CY Folt, CL AF Ward, Darren M. Nislow, Keith H. Chen, Celia Y. Folt, Carol L. TI Rapid, Efficient Growth Reduces Mercury Concentrations in Stream-Dwelling Atlantic Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; FOOD WEBS; BROOK TROUT; JUVENILE SALMON; FISH; LAKES; BIOACCUMULATION; METHYLMERCURY; CONTAMINATION AB Mercury (Hg) is a potent toxin that biomagnifies in aquatic food webs. Large fish generally have higher Hg concentrations than small fish of the same species. However, models predict that fish that grow large faster will have lower Hg concentrations than small, slow-growing fish owing to somatic growth dilution (SGD). We examined the relationship between Hg concentration and growth rate in fish by means of a large-scale field experiment. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fry hatched under uniform initial conditions were released at 18 sites in natural streams, collected after one growing season, and measured with respect to Hg concentration and growth. As expected for Hg accumulation from food, the Hg concentrations in the fish tracked those in their prey. Nonetheless, large, fast-growing fish had lower Hg concentrations than small, slow-growing ones, consistent with SGD. While the Hg concentration of the prey accounted for 59% of the explained variation in the Hg concentration in the Atlantic salmon across sites, the salmon growth rate accounted for 38%. A mass-balance Hg accumulation model shows that such SGD occurs when fast growth is associated with high growth efficiency. Fish growth is tremendously variable and sensitive to anthropogenic impacts, so the SGD of Hg has important implications for fisheries management. C1 [Ward, Darren M.; Chen, Celia Y.; Folt, Carol L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ward, DM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM darren.ward@dartmouth.edu RI Ward, Darren/F-1203-2010 OI Ward, Darren/0000-0002-0049-5299 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES07373]; U.S. Forest Service's Northern Research Station; Dartmouth College FX We thank Brian Jackson and the staff at the Dartmouth Trace Element Analysis Core for Hg analysis and Jim Sotiropoulos, Gonzalo Mendez, and numerous students for help in the field. John Armstrong, Matt Ayres, and Doug Bolger provided comments on an earlier draft. This project was funded by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-Superfund Basic Research Program grant ES07373, the U.S. Forest Service's Northern Research Station, and the Dartmouth College Cramer fund. NR 62 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1577/T09-032.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800001 PM 20436784 ER PT J AU Grzybowski, M Sepulveda-Villet, OJ Stepien, CA Rosauer, D Binkowski, F Klaper, R Shepherd, B Goetz, F AF Grzybowski, Michael Sepulveda-Villet, Osvaldo J. Stepien, Carol A. Rosauer, Daniel Binkowski, Frederick Klaper, Rebecca Shepherd, Brian Goetz, Frederick TI Genetic Variation of 17 Wild Yellow Perch Populations from the Midwest and East Coast Analyzed via Microsatellites SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; F-STATISTICS; FLAVESCENS; SOFTWARE; DNA; PATTERNS; MICHIGAN; USA AB We used microsatellite loci, including seven newly developed by us, to analyze the population genetic structure of wild yellow perch Perca flavescens from 17 sampling areas in the upper Midwest and East Coast of the United States. Our results reveal greater genetic differentiation and finer-scale geographic structure than were found in previous studies of yellow perch population structure. These findings show pronounced genetic divergence between Midwest and East Coast samples. Additional genetic partitioning was noted between Chesapeake Bay and Albemarle Sound populations, between inland lakes in the upper Mississippi River system, and among sites in Lake Michigan and Lake Ontario. Further, the structuring of yellow perch populations within the Chesapeake Bay may be significantly influenced by salinity. These findings are being used to help delineate wild populations for the development of captive yellow perch broodstocks for the aquaculture industry. C1 [Grzybowski, Michael; Rosauer, Daniel; Binkowski, Frederick; Klaper, Rebecca; Goetz, Frederick] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Shepherd, Brian] ARS, USDA, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Sepulveda-Villet, Osvaldo J.; Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. [Sepulveda-Villet, Osvaldo J.; Stepien, Carol A.] Univ Toledo, Great Lakes Genet Lab, Lake Erie Ctr, Toledo, OH 43616 USA. RP Goetz, F (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, 600 E Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. EM rick@uwm.edu RI Stepien, Carol/A-7898-2011 FU National Sea Grant College Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA06OAR4170011, R/AQ-41]; state of Wisconsin; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-3655-4-136, CRIS 3655-31000-020-00D] FX This work was funded by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under grants from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (grant NA06OAR4170011, project R/AQ-41) and from the state of Wisconsin. This work was also supported, in part, by a Specific Cooperative Agreement (58-3655-4-136) under U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, CRIS 3655-31000-020-00D. The views contained in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U. S. Government. Mention of trade names, proprietary products, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This manuscript is submitted for publication with the understanding that the U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 270 EP 287 DI 10.1577/T07-276.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800021 ER PT J AU Wissmar, RC Timm, RK Bryant, MD AF Wissmar, Robert C. Timm, Raymond K. Bryant, Mason D. TI Radar-Derived Digital Elevation Models and Field-Surveyed Variables to Predict Distributions of Juvenile Coho Salmon and Dolly Varden in Remote Streams of Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; HABITAT USE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; WASHINGTON STREAMS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; WESTERN CASCADES AB We used field-surveyed and digital elevation model (DEM) parameters to predict density distributions of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma in remote streams on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska, and to identify influences of associated reach-level habitat characteristics. Fish densities were highest in two reach types (low-gradient floodplain reaches and moderately contained reaches) characterized by numerous pool habitats, low pool spacing distances, and abundant large woody debris. Regression analyses indicated that channel gradients measured during field surveys (M-gradients) accounted for significant amounts of the variance in coho salmon and Dolly Varden juvenile densities. The DEMs derived from a 2000 space-shuttle radar mapping mission were used to estimate channel gradients (DEM-gradients) and gradient zones: (0-3, >3-6, >6-15, and >15%) in stream networks. A high correlation between DEM-gradients and M-gradients (r = 0.92), along with the regressions of M-gradient and fish density, provided a template for comparing DEM-gradient and M-gradient predictions of fish densities within gradient zones of the watersheds. Juvenile coho salmon and Dolly Varden densities (number/100 m(2)) predicted from the DEM-gradients and M-gradients were consistent for a majority of the gradient zones. Our results and expanded analyses should facilitate development of paradigms for assessing fish distributions in remote landscapes. C1 [Wissmar, Robert C.; Timm, Raymond K.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Timm, Raymond K.] King Cty Water & Land Resources, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. [Bryant, Mason D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wissmar, RC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Fishery Sci Bldg,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wissmar@u.washington.edu FU Tongass National Forest FX We thank the Tongass National Forest for the contract that supported this project. Accomplishments of this project can be attributed to the availability and the high quality of land-cover files from the Tongass National Forest. Jim Schramek of the Tongass National Forest provided valuable assistance with the Tongass GIS database. NR 91 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 288 EP 302 DI 10.1577/T08-204.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 589DE UT WOS:000277124800022 ER PT J AU Derksen, RC Ranger, CM Canas, LA Locke, JC Zhu, H Krause, CR AF Derksen, R. C. Ranger, C. M. Canas, L. A. Locke, J. C. Zhu, H. Krause, C. R. TI EVALUATION OF HANDGUN AND BROADCAST SYSTEMS FOR SPRAY DEPOSITION IN GREENHOUSE POINSETTIA CANOPIES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 21-24, 2009 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Air-assisted sprayers; Droplet; Greenhouse; Poinsettia; Spray deposition; Sprayers ID FIELD-EVALUATION; PENETRATION; VOLUME; BOOM AB Handgun applicators are popular, general-purpose greenhouse sprayers. However, there are few recommendations on how to use them to treat plant benches. Handgun applications made from one side can result in significant differences in deposits between the side of the plant facing the spray stream and the opposite side. Broadcast spraying over the top of the canopy may improve spray distribution across the canopy. The objective of this research was to determine differences in performance between different sprayers used to treat mature poinsettias and differences in the fate of the spray within the canopy with the aim to determine which techniques produced the highest spray retention on the abaxial leaf surface. A benchtop trial was conducted using a mature poinsettia canopy in a greenhouse. Sprayer treatments were used to apply tank mixes of pesticides and fluorescent trace,: Nylon screen targets were secured to the abaxial surfaces of leaves in the upper and lower parts of the canopy. Benchtop trials revealed significant differences between the amount of spray found on the upper and lower canopy target areas. Handgun nozzle pressure was a more significant factor in depositing material on the abaxial surfaces of leaves than changing application rate. A TwinJet boom system using dual-orifice nozzles did not treat abaxial surfaces differently from the handgun applications. The air-assist treatment with flat-fan nozzles produced the highest mean deposits on abaxial surfaces in the lower canopy area, but overall there were no statistical differences in lower canopy deposits between treatments. These results demonstrate the difficulty that ornamental producers have in targeting pesticide placement on abaxial leaf surfaces deeper in the canopy. The variability in spray deposits observed on foliage demonstrates the potential for significant variability in pest management. C1 [Derksen, R. C.; Ranger, C. M.; Locke, J. C.; Zhu, H.; Krause, C. R.] ARS, USDA, ATRU, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Canas, L. A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH USA. RP Derksen, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ATRU, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM rich.derksen@ars.usda.gov RI Canas, Luis/A-5651-2012 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 5 EP 12 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800001 ER PT J AU Xu, L Zhu, H Ozkan, HE Bagley, WE Derksen, RC Krause, CR AF Xu, L. Zhu, H. Ozkan, H. E. Bagley, W. E. Derksen, R. C. Krause, C. R. TI ADJUVANT EFFECTS ON EVAPORATION TIME AND WETTED AREA OF DROPLETS ON WAXY LEAVES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Contact angle; Droplet spread; Oil-based adjuvant; Residual pattern; Spray coverage; Surfactant ID LEAF SURFACES; FOLIAR UPTAKE; WATER; SURFACTANTS; HUMECTANTS; HERBICIDES; EFFICACY; CUTICLES AB The use of an appropriate adjuvant for pesticide applications is a critical process to improve spray deposit characteristics on waxy leaves and to reduce off-target losses. After deposition and evaporation, residue patterns of 500 mu m sessile droplets that incorporated four classes of adjuvants on five different waxy plants were investigated. Droplets were generated with a single-droplet generator and deposited on target leaves placed in an environmentally controlled chamber at 60% relative humidity and 25 degrees C ambient temperature. Adjuvants tested were two oil-based types (crop oil concentrate, or COC; and modified seed oil, or MSO), a nonionic surfactant (NIS), and a mixture (oil surfactant blend, or OSB). Water-only droplets were also tested for comparative purposes. The five waxy plants were difficult to wet and had a water contact angle greater than 90 degrees. The water-only droplets did not spread at all and formed extremely small wetted areas on the leaf surface. The addition of an adjuvant to the spray solution significantly reduced the contact angle and increased the wetted area, but the change or improvements varied with the plant species and adjuvant class. In general, MSO and NIS enhanced the droplet spread and maintained the droplet evaporation time on the waxy leaf surfaces. After evaporation, the residues formed patterns of "coffee rings". Droplets with oil-based adjuvants had more uniform residual distribution in the deposition patterns than droplets with the surfactant adjuvant. Results of this study demonstrated that selection of the appropriate class of adjuvants significantly improved deposit formation on waxy leaves, leading to more effectiveness of pesticides. C1 [Zhu, H.] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Xu, L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, OARDC, Wooster, OH USA. [Ozkan, H. E.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bagley, W. E.] Wilbur Ellis Co, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, OARDC, Ag Eng Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800002 ER PT J AU Swain, KC Thomson, SJ Jayasuriya, HPW AF Swain, K. C. Thomson, S. J. Jayasuriya, H. P. W. TI ADOPTION OF AN UNMANNED HELICOPTER FOR LOW-ALTITUDE REMOTE SENSING TO ESTIMATE YIELD AND TOTAL BIOMASS OF A RICE CROP SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biomass yield; NDVI; Nutrient stress; Remote sensing; Rice yield; Unmanned aerial vehicle; Vegetation index ID LEAF CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION; PRECISION AGRICULTURE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; SYSTEM; FIELD; PREDICTION; WHEAT; L. AB A radio-controlled unmanned helicopter-based low-altitude remote sensing (LARS) platform was used to acquire quality images of high spatial and temporal resolution in order to estimate yield and total biomass of a rice crop (Oriza sativa L.). Fifteen rice field plots with five N treatments (0, 33, 66, 99, and 132 kg ha 1) having three replicates each were arranged in a randomized complete block design for estimating yield and biomass as a function of applied N. Images were obtained by image acquisition sensors mounted on the LARS platform operating at the height of 20 m over experimental plots. The rice yield and total biomass for the five N treatments were found to be significantly different at the 0.05 and 0.1 levels of significance, respectively, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values at panicle initiation stage were highly correlated with yield and total biomass with regression coefficients (r(2)) of 0.728 (RMSE = 0.458 ton ha(-1)) and 0.760 (RMSE = 0.598 ton ha(-1)), respectively. The study demonstrated the suitability of using LARS images as a substitute for satellite images for estimating leaf chlorophyll content in terms of NDVI values (r(2) = 0.897, RMSE = 0.012). The LARS system described has potential to evaluate areas that require additional nutrients at critical growth stages to improve final yield in rice cropping. C1 [Swain, K. C.; Jayasuriya, H. P. W.] Asian Inst Technol, Dept Agr Syst Engn, Klongluang 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand. [Thomson, S. J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Swain, KC (reprint author), Asian Inst Technol, Dept Agr Syst Engn, Klongluang 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand. EM swainkc@yahoo.com NR 63 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800003 ER PT J AU Allred, BJ AF Allred, Barry J. TI LABORATORY BATCH TEST EVALUATION OF FIVE FILTER MATERIALS FOR REMOVAL OF NUTRIENTS AND PESTICIDES FROM DRAINAGE WATERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Atrazine; Batch tests; Filter materials; Nitrate; Phosphate; Subsurface drainage; Water quality ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; SURFACTANT-MODIFIED ZEOLITES; AGRICULTURAL TILE DRAINAGE; NO3-N LEACHING LOSSES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NITRATE REDUCTION; ACTIVATED CARBON; INORGANIC OXYANIONS; CORROSION PRODUCTS AB Where subsurface drainage practices are employed, fertilizer nutrients and pesticides applied on farm fields and municipal locations are commonly intercepted by the buried drainage pipes and then discharged into local streams and lakes, often times producing adverse environmental impacts on these surface water bodies. Various filter materials have the potential to remove nutrient and pesticide contaminants from subsurface drainage waters before these waters are released offsite. For this study, laboratory batch tests were conducted to evaluate the contaminant removal effectiveness and efficiency of five potential filter materials. The five materials, isolated from previous screening tests, were steam activated carbon, high calcium oxide-high carbon fly ash, iron sulfide, sulfur-modified iron, and surfactant-modified zeolite. Filter material effectiveness was tested against initial contaminant solution concentrations that varied between 10 and 200 mg L-1 for nitrate-N, 0.1 and 1.0 mg L-1 for phosphate-P, and 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1 for atrazine, while filter material efficiency was evaluated with respect to exposure time by varying test durations from 1 to 24 h. Sulfur-modified iron proved best for treating nitrate, based on reductions greater than 95% across the range of initial concentration levels and exposure times. Surfactant-modified zeolite and high calcium oxide-high carbon fly ash affected the greatest removal of phosphate, 50% or more in all cases. For atrazine, the most promising results were obtained with steam activated carbon and high calcium oxide-high carbon fly ash, which removed almost 100% of this particular pesticide regardless of initial concentration level and exposure time. Consequently, there are several filter materials, when used either alone or in combination, that show promise for removing mixed contaminants from subsurface drainage water; however; more laboratory testing followed by field experiments are needed to completely evaluate their feasibility for widespread use. C1 ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Allred, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Room 234,590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM barry.allred@ars.usda.gov NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800005 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD Smith, PK Migliaccio, KW AF Harmel, R. D. Smith, P. K. Migliaccio, K. W. TI MODIFYING GOODNESS-OF-FIT INDICATORS TO INCORPORATE BOTH MEASUREMENT AND MODEL UNCERTAINTY IN MODEL CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Index of agreement; Model evaluation; Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency; Watershed models ID WATER-QUALITY MODELS; PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY; DRAINMOD PREDICTIONS; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; RIVER-BASIN; SWAT; IMPLEMENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; METHODOLOGY; NITROGEN AB Because of numerous practical implications of uncertainty in measured data and model predictions, improved techniques are needed to analyze and understand uncertainty and incorporate it into hydrologic and water quality evaluations. In the present study, a correction factor was developed to incorporate measurement uncertainty and model uncertainty in evaluations of model goodness-of-fit (predictive ability). The correction factor, which was developed for pairwise comparisons of measured and predicted values, modifies the typical error term calculation to consider both sources of uncertainty. The correction factor was applied with common distributions and levels of uncertainty (represented by coefficients of variation ranging from 0.026 to 0.256) for each measured value and each predicted value from five example data sets. The modifications resulted in inconsequential changes in goodness-of-fit conclusions for example data sets with very good and poor model simulations, which is both logical and appropriate because very good model performance should not improve greatly and poor model performance should not become satisfactory when uncertainty is considered. In contrast, incorporating uncertainty in example data sets with initially moderate goodness-of-fit resulted in important improvements in indicator values and in model performance ratings. A model evaluation matrix was developed to present appropriate model performance conclusions, considering both model accuracy and precision, based on various levels of measurement and model uncertainty. In cases with highly uncertain calibration/validation data, definitive "good" fit conclusions are cautioned against even with "good" indicator values because of the uncertain standard of comparison; however, in these cases, poor model accuracy can be confidently concluded from "unsatisfactory" indicator values. In contrast, model accuracy can be confidently concluded from goodness-of-fit indicator values in cases with low measurement uncertainty. It is hoped that the modified goodness-of-fit indicators and the model evaluation matrix contribute to improved goodness-of-fit conclusions and to more complete assessments of model performance. C1 [Harmel, R. D.] ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Smith, P. K.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Migliaccio, K. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, IFAS, Homestead, FL USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM daren.harmel@ars.usda.gov RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 50 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800006 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR Hunsaker, DJ French, AN White, JW Clarke, TR Pinter, PJ AF Thorp, K. R. Hunsaker, D. J. French, A. N. White, J. W. Clarke, T. R. Pinter, P. J., Jr. TI EVALUATION OF THE CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-WHEAT MODEL AS A TOOL FOR CROP WATER MANAGEMENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Arizona; CERES-Wheat; Crop model; CROPSIM; CSM; DSSAT; Evaluation; Irrigation scheduling; Simulation; Wheat ID IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT; ENRICHMENT FACE; YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; COEFFICIENTS; SIMULATION; STRATEGIES; PREDICTION; FORECAST; BALANCE AB Development and implementation of improved methodologies for crop water management will conserve valuable water resources in agricultural regions that depend on irrigation. To address this problem for conditions in central Arizona, we have evaluated the CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-Wheat model using measured wheat growth and soil water data from plot-level irrigation scheduling experiments conducted during the winters of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005. During each season, wheat plots were managed using two FAO-56-based irrigation scheduling approaches at three planting densities (similar to 75, similar to 150, and similar to 300 plant m(-2)) and at two nitrogen application rates (similar to 80 and similar to 215 kg ha(-1) year(-1)). For these treatments, the calibrated model simulated wheat yield with relative root mean squared errors (RRMSE) of 7.4% and 1.7% for the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons, respectively. Time series plots of measured and simulated Zadoks number, leaf number, leaf mass, stem mass, spike mass, and green leaf area index demonstrated favorable wheat development and growth responses to experimental treatments and seasonal weather and management variability. The model was able to quantify average soil water contents in eight soil layers to a depth of 210 cm with RRMSEs ranging from 3.3% to 18.9% for the 2003-2004 season and from 2.7% to 11.3% for the 2004-2005 season. Evapotranspiration was simulated with RRMSEs of 2.4% and 3.2% for the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons, respectively. Deficiencies were demonstrated in the ability of the model's automatic irrigation routines to reproduce the FAO-56 irrigation schedules devised during field experimentation. With further development, the CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-Wheat model could become a valuable central component for decision tools designed to evaluate alternative water management scenarios and improve water management for irrigated agricultural systems. C1 [Thorp, K. R.; Hunsaker, D. J.; French, A. N.; White, J. W.; Clarke, T. R.; Pinter, P. J., Jr.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 87 EP 102 PG 16 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800009 ER PT J AU Hunt, SL Kadavy, KC AF Hunt, S. L. Kadavy, K. C. TI ENERGY DISSIPATION ON FLAT-SLOPED STEPPED SPILLWAYS: PART 1. UPSTREAM OF THE INCEPTION POINT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Air entrainment; Dam rehabilitation; Energy dissipation; Flood control; Inception point; Physical modeling; Roller compacted concrete (RCC); Stepped spillways; Stilling basin ID FLOW AB In recent years, hazard classifications for many existing embankment dams have changed because hydrologic conditions have been altered. Consequently, many of these dams no longer provide adequate spillway capacity according to state and federal dam safely regulations. Stepped spillways are a popular choice for providing increased spillway capacities to existing embankment dams. Stepped spillways in these applications are typically placed over the existing embankment or auxiliary spillway; thereby, the chute slope is the same as the downstream embankment face or auxiliary spillway slope. Design guidelines and literature in general for these stepped spillways are very limited, so further research on these stepped spillways is warranted. A two-dimensional, physical model was constructed to evaluate the inception point, velocities, and energy dissipation in a 4(H):1(V) spillway chute having 38 mm (1.5 in.) high steps. Model unit discharges ranging from 0.11 m(3) s(-1) (1.2 cfs ft(-1)) to 0.82 m(3) s(-1) m(-1) (8.8 cfs ft(-1)) were tested. Water surfaces, bed surfaces, and velocities were collected during the tests. An inception point relationship provided by H. Chanson may be used to determine the inception point for slopes as flat as 4(H):1(V)-when F* ranges between 10 and 100. The velocity profiles transition from uniform at the crest to approaching a one-sixth power law distribution at the inception point for all tested flows. Energy losses increase in a linear fashion from near zero at the crest to approximately 30% near the inception point for all tested flows. This research will assist engineers with the design of stepped spillways applied on relatively flat embankment dams. C1 [Hunt, S. L.; Kadavy, K. C.] ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hunt, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Sherry.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800010 ER PT J AU Hunt, SL Kadavy, KC AF Hunt, S. L. Kadavy, K. C. TI ENERGY DISSIPATION ON FLAT-SLOPED STEPPED SPILLWAYS: PART 2. DOWNSTREAM OF THE INCEPTION POINT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air entrainment; Dam rehabilitation; Energy dissipation; Flood control; Inception point; Physical modeling; Roller compacted concrete (RCC); Stepped spillways; Stilling basin ID SKIMMING FLOWS AB Many aging watershed dams require hazard classifications changes. As a result, these dams may no longer meet state and federal dam safety regulations because of inadequate spillway capacity and flood protection. Rehabilitation options for these embankments are often limited due to encroaching urban development. Roller compacted concrete (RCC) stepped spillways are a popular choice in these situations because the spillway capacity can be increased with little or no additional changes to the embankment dimensions. RCC stepped spillways are also selected because of the cost and time savings in the construction of these structures. Design engineers require more information about the inception point location and the approach velocity and energy dissipation in the spillway chute. These elements are important for properly dimensioning the spillway training walls and stilling basin. Research and more specifically design guidelines for RCC stepped spillways applied to small earthen embankments have been limited. A two-dimensional, physical model was constructed to evaluate the inception point, velocities, air concentrations, and energy dissipation in a 4(H):1 (V) slope spillway chute having 38 mm (1.5 in.) high steps. Model unit discharges ranging from 0.11 m(3) s(-1) m(-1) (1.2 cfs ft(-1)) to 0.82 m(3) s(-1) m(-1) (8.8 cfs ft(-1)) were tested. The findings from this research show that a relationship developed by H. Chanson can be used to determine the inception point location on stepped chutes with Froude surface roughness (F-*) ranging from 10 to 100 for slopes as flat as 4(H):1(V). Additionally, air concentrations near the inception point are approximately 0% and rapidly increase to 10% slightly downstream of the inception point. These air concentrations continue to increase gradually to a constant as the flow descends the chute. The study results show that energy losses increase front 30% when a normalized length (L/L-i and L/L-i*) equals 1 to 73% when L/L-i and L/L-i* equals 3.5. A first attempt at providing an energy loss relationship at any point downstream of the inception point is provided. This research will assist engineers with the design of stepped spillways applied on relatively flat embankment dams. C1 [Hunt, S. L.; Kadavy, K. C.] ARS Hydraul Engn Res, USDA, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Hunt, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM Sherry.Hunt@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 111 EP 118 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800011 ER PT J AU King, BA Bjorneberg, DL AF King, B. A. Bjorneberg, D. L. TI CHARACTERIZING DROPLET KINETIC ENERGY APPLIED BY MOVING SPRAY-PLATE CENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATION SPRINKLERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Center pivot; Infiltration; Kinetic energy; Runoff; Sprinkler irrigation ID RAINDROP IMPACT; SEAL FORMATION; INFILTRATION; SOIL; RUNOFF; DETACHMENT; UNIFORMITY; RAINFALL; YIELD AB The kinetic energy of discrete water drops impacting a bare soil surface is generally observed to lead to a drastic reduction in water infiltration rate due to soil surface seal formation. Under center-pivot sprinkler irrigation, kinetic energy transferred to the soil prior to crop canopy development can have a substantial effect on seasonal runoff and soil erosion. In the design of center-pivot irrigation systems, selection of sprinklers with minimum applied kinetic energy could potentially minimize the seasonal runoff and erosion hazard. The size and velocity of drops from five common center-pivot sprinklers with flow rates of approximately 43 L min(-1) were measured using a laser in the laboratory. The data were used to evaluate various approaches to characterize the kinetic energy transferred to the soil by each of the five sprinklers on a center-pivot irrigation system lateral with 2.5 m spacing between sprinklers. Specific power represents the rate at which kinetic energy per unit area is transferred to the soil as a function of distance from a sprinkler and is analogous to a sprinkler radial water application rate distribution. Specific power was used to estimate actual kinetic energy transferred to the soil by overlapping specific power profiles of sprinklers equally spaced along a center-pivot lateral. Kinetic energy of irrigation sprinklers has traditionally been characterized using area-weighted kinetic energy per unit drop volume. This method heavily favors the largest drops, which travel the farthest from the sprinkler and have the largest kinetic energy. Sprinkler kinetic energy per unit volume of sprinkler discharge was not correlated to actual kinetic energy transferred to the soil by the sprinklers. However, kinetic energy per unit volume of sprinkler discharge was found to be more representative than kinetic energy per unit drop volume. Measured runoff and sediment yield of the sprinklers from a previous study were compared to average specific power. Runoff and erosion appeared to be more dependent on sprinkler type than average specific power. The sprinklers with the lowest runoff and sediment yield had the lowest average specific power. However, there was a substantial increase in runoff and sediment yield with little associated increase in average specific power applied by some sprinklers. The functional difference between sprinklers was the manner in which water drops were distributed over the wetted area with respect to time. Sprinklers that distribute water drops more evenly over the wetted area with respect to time had the highest runoff and sediment yield, and sprinklers that had well defined rotating streams of water drops had the lowest runoff and sediment yield, largely independent of average specific power applied to the soil. C1 [King, B. A.; Bjorneberg, D. L.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP King, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NWISRL, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM brad.king@ars.usda.gov FU Nelson Irrigation Corporation, Walla Walla, Washington [58-3K95-9-1311] FX This research is partially supported by a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (No. 58-3K95-9-1311) with Nelson Irrigation Corporation, Walla Walla, Washington. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nelson Irrigation Corporation. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800014 ER PT J AU Sundaram, J Kandala, CVK Butts, CL Windham, WR AF Sundaram, J. Kandala, C. V. K. Butts, C. L. Windham, W. R. TI APPLICATION OF NIR REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY ON DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF IN-SHELL PEANUTS: A NON-DESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE In-shell peanuts; NIR spectroscopy; Partial least squares; Pretreatment; Relative percent deviation; Standard error of prediction ID NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; SEED; OIL; WATER AB NIR spectroscopy was used to measure the moisture content (MC) of Virginia and Valencia type in-shell peanuts. Peanuts were conditioned to various moisture levels between 7% and 26% (wet basis), and the MC was verified using the standard oven method. Sample from the various moisture levels were separated into two groups, as calibration and validation. NIR absorption spectral data from 400 nm to 2500 nm were collected using peanuts within the calibration and validation sample sets. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration set, and models were developed using the raw spectral data and its derivative function data. The standard error of calibration (SEC) and R-2 of the calibration models were calculated to select the best calibration model for each peanut market type. Both Valencia and Virginia types gave an R-2 value of 0.99 for the derivative spectral data treatment as well as for the raw data. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sample set. Predicted and reference moisture contents were compared. Relative percent deviation (RPD) and standard error of prediction (SEP) were calculated to validate the goodness of fit of the prediction model. The raw reflectance spectra model gave an RPD of 5.55 with a corresponding SEP of 0.97 for Valencia type peanuts, which is an indicator that the model is good for quality control and analysis. For Virginia type peanuts, the derivative reflectance spectra model gave the highest RPD value of 5.75 and the lowest SEP of 0.771. Thus, these two models were selected for the respective peanut types as the best models for prediction of moisture content. C1 [Sundaram, J.; Kandala, C. V. K.; Butts, C. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Windham, W. R.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Sundaram, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. EM jaya.sundaram@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 183 EP 189 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800019 ER PT J AU Thorp, KR Hunsaker, DJ French, AN AF Thorp, K. R. Hunsaker, D. J. French, A. N. TI ASSIMILATING LEAF AREA INDEX ESTIMATES FROM REMOTE SENSING INTO THE SIMULATIONS OF A CROPPING SYSTEMS MODEL SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biomass; CERES-Wheat; Crop model; Data assimilation; DSSAT; Evapotranspiration; Leaf area index; Monte Carlo; Remote sensing; Yield; Wheat ID CERES-WHEAT MODEL; SENSED INFORMATION; REGIONAL SCALES; SUGAR-BEET; WATER-USE; YIELD; GROWTH; MANAGEMENT; COEFFICIENTS; IRRIGATION AB Spatial extrapolation of cropping systems models for regional crop growth and water use assessment and farm-level precision management has been limited by the vast model input requirements and the model sensitivity to parameter uncertainty. Remote sensing has been proposed as a viable source of spatial information for guiding model simulations, but techniques for merging remote sensing with cropping systems models have not been rigorously explored. We developed and tested two techniques for assimilation of remotely sensed green leaf area index (GLAI) into the CSM-CROPSIM-CERES-Wheat model: one based on model "updating" and the other based on model "forcing". A dataset from two wheat irrigation scheduling experiments, conducted at Maricopa, Arizona, during the winters of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005, provided canopy spectral reflectance information and measurements of canopy weight, wheat yield, and evapotranspiration (ET) under varying planting densities and nitrogen rates for testing the ability of the assimilation techniques to improve model simulations. Monte Carlo simulation methods were used to assess the performance of GLAI data assimilation in light of uncertainty in the model parameters that govern the GLAI simulation. When considering this uncertainty, assimilation of GLAI by "updating" and by "forcing" was able to reduce error between measured and simulated canopy weight and ET by 43.6% and 56.5% and by 45.0% and 51.6%, respectively, as compared to the stand-alone model. The assimilation techniques had greater difficulty improving wheat yield simulations because simulated yield was more sensitive to parameters other than GLAI, especially in the 2004-2005 growing season. Assimilation of remotely sensed data into cropping systems models has potential to improve simulations of key model outputs, such as canopy weight and ET, but further efforts are warranted to explore and fine-tune techniques for merging these two technologies. C1 [Thorp, K. R.; Hunsaker, D. J.; French, A. N.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Thorp, KR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM kelly.thorp@ars.usda.gov RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014; Thorp, Kelly/C-2013-2009 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817; Thorp, Kelly/0000-0001-9168-875X FU University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center FX The authors express great appreciation to the people who supported the collection of the measured dataset during the intensive wheat irrigation scheduling field campaigns, including C. Arterberry, A. Ashley, M. Conley, R. Jackson, S. Johnson, W. Luckett, S. Maneely, D. Powers, S. Richards, and R. Rokey of the USDA-ARS U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, and M. Hartman, D. Langston, C. Jones, G. Main, C. O'Brien, and S. Hahnke of the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center. NR 42 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 251 EP 262 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800026 ER PT J AU Lu, R Cen, H Huang, M Ariana, DP AF Lu, R. Cen, H. Huang, M. Ariana, D. P. TI SPECTRAL ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING PROPERTIES OF NORMAL AND BRUISED APPLE TISSUE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 21-24, 2009 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Absorption; Apple; Bruise; Diffuse reflectance; Hyperspectral imaging; Optical properties; Scattering; Spatially resolved technique ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; TURBID MATERIALS; SPECTROSCOPY; DAMAGE AB Knowledge of the spectral absorption and scattering properties of apple tissue, especially bruised tissue, can help us develop an effective inspection method for detecting bruises during postharvest sorting and grading. This research was aimed at determining the optical properties of normal and bruised apple tissue for the wavelength range of 500-1,000 nm and quantifying their changes with time after bruising. Values for the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were determined for the normal or unbruised tissue of 'Golden Delicious' and 'Red Delicious' apples and then for the bruised tissue, for different time intervals after bruising, using a hyperspectral imaging-based spatially resolved technique. Bruising caused changes to the absorption coefficient, but no consistent pattern of changes was observed for 'Golden Delicious' and 'Red Delicious' apples after they were bruised. The reduced scattering coefficient for normal apples, however, was much higher than that for bruised apples; it decreased consistently with time after bruising. These results suggest that bruising has a greater impact on scattering than on absorption. Hence, an optical system that enhances scattering feature measurement would be better suited for bruise detection. C1 [Lu, R.] Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cen, H.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Huang, M.] Jiangnan Univ, Sch Commun & Control Engn, Wuxi, Peoples R China. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Renfu.lu@ars.usda.gov RI Cen, Haiyan/F-2633-2010 NR 18 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 263 EP 269 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800027 ER PT J AU Funk, DB Gillay, Z AF Funk, D. B. Gillay, Z. TI DIELECTRIC REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR MATHEMATICALLY MODELING AND STANDARDIZING GRAIN MOISTURE METERS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 21-24, 2009 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Alcohol; Dielectric; Glass; Grain; Moisture; Plastic; Radio frequency; Standardization AB Dielectric-type instruments are the most widely used technology for grain moisture measurement. Measuring fundamental dielectric parameters (dielectric constant and loss factor) rather than instrument-specific parameters is advantageous in terms of understanding the physical basis of the measurement and in transferring calibrations; however, few grain moisture meter models report such fundamental parameters. One reason for this is the difficulty in calibrating instruments to measure dielectric parameters. High molecular weight alcohols are commonly used as dielectric reference materials for calibrating research-type instruments. However, grain moisture meters are designed to handle grain rather than liquids, so performing meaningful tests on alcohols is very difficult. Suitable granular dielectric reference materials are needed. This article describes research assessing the suitability of three alcohols (1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-decanol) and low-loss dielectrics (glass beads, plastic beads, plastic pellets, and air) as dielectric reference materials for grain moisture meters. Complex reflection coefficient measurements were performed from 1 to 501 MHz with an HP-4291A material/impedance analyzer and a transmission-line dielectric test cell. Mathematical models based on ABCD matrix methods were created to predict complex permittivity from the measurements of complex reflection coefficient. The low-loss materials were used successfully for calibrating the system to measure permittivity in spite of the fact that their permittivity values were unknown. Two characteristics were assumed: constant dielectric constant over the frequency range, and constant (near zero) loss factor over the frequency range. These two constraints (along with electrical test cell parameters defined by finite element analysis and the test cell physical dimensions) permitted unambiguous determination of all parameters for the test cell mathematical model. The resulting test cell model accurately predicted dielectric characteristics of alcohols. C1 [Funk, D. B.] USDA GIPSA, Tech Serv Div, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. [Gillay, Z.] Corvinus Univ Budapest, Dept Phys & Control, Fac Food Sci, Budapest, Hungary. RP Funk, DB (reprint author), USDA GIPSA, Tech Serv Div, 10383 N Ambassador Dr, Kansas City, MO 64153 USA. EM David.B.Funk@usda.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 271 EP 281 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800028 ER PT J AU Wang, P Liu, W Johnston, DB Rausch, KD Schmidt, SJ Tumbleson, ME Singh, V AF Wang, P. Liu, W. Johnston, D. B. Rausch, K. D. Schmidt, S. J. Tumbleson, M. E. Singh, V. TI EFFECT OF ENDOSPERM HARDNESS ON AN ETHANOL PROCESS USING A GRANULAR STARCH HYDROLYZING ENZYME SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Corn; Dry grind process; Endosperm; Endosperm hardness; Ethanol; Granular starch hydrolyzing enzyme; Protease; Urea ID CORN; MAIZE; FERMENTATION; GRAIN AB Granular starch hydrolyzing enzymes (GSHE) can hydrolyze starch at low temperature (32 degrees C). The dry grind process using GSHE (GSH process) has fewer unit operations and no changes in process conditions (pH 4.0 and 32 degrees C) compared to the conventional process because it dispenses with the cooking and liquefaction step. In this study, the effects of endosperm hardness, protease, urea, and GSHE levels on GSH process were evaluated. Ground corn, soft endosperm, and hard endosperm were processed using two GSHE levels (0.1 and 0.4 mL per 100 g ground material) and four treatments of protease and urea addition. Soft and hard endosperm materials were obtained by grinding and sifting flaking grits from a dry milling pilot plant; classifications were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. During 72 h of simultaneous granular starch hydrolysis and fermentation (GSHF), ethanol and glucose profiles were determined using HPLC. Soft endosperm resulted in higher final ethanol concentrations compared to ground corn or hard endosperm. Addition of urea increased final ethanol concentrations for soft and hard endosperm. Protease addition increased ethanol concentrations and fermentation rates for soft endosperm, hard endosperm, and ground corn. The effect of protease addition on ethanol concentrations and fermentation rates was most predominant for soft endosperm, less for hard endosperm, and least for ground corn. Samples (soft endosperm, hard endosperm, or corn) with protease resulted in higher (1.0% to 10.5% v/v) ethanol concentration compared to samples with urea. The GSH process with protease requires little or no urea addition. For fermentation of soft endosperm, GSHE dose can be reduced. Due to nutrients (lipids, minerals, and soluble proteins) present in corn that enhance yeast growth, ground corn fermented faster at the beginning than hard and soft endosperm. C1 [Rausch, K. D.; Tumbleson, M. E.; Singh, V.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wang, P.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. [Johnston, D. B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Schmidt, S. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 360G AESB,1304 W Penn Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM vsingh@illinois.edu NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 579LC UT WOS:000276370800031 ER PT B AU Duke, SO Cerdeira, AL AF Duke, Stephen O. Cerdeira, Antonio L. BE Kole, C Michler, CH Abbott, AG Hall, TC TI Transgenic Crops for Herbicide Resistance SO TRANSGENIC CROP PLANTS: VOL 2: UTILIZATION AND BIOSAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED CROPS; GLYPHOSATE-TOLERANT CORN; MAIZE ZEA-MAYS; AMERICAN CROPPING SYSTEMS; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; GROWING-FINISHING SWINE; SUGAR-BEET PRODUCTION; SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; RATS FED GRAIN C1 [Duke, Stephen O.] Univ Mississippi, ARS, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. [Cerdeira, Antonio L.] EMBRAPA Environm, Brazilian Dept Agr, ARS, BR-13820000 Jaguariuna, SP, Brazil. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, ARS, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@olemiss.edu NR 218 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-04811-1 PY 2010 BP 133 EP 166 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-04812-8_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-04812-8 PG 34 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BNX65 UT WOS:000275826100003 ER PT B AU Goldman, SL Rudrabhatla, S Muszynski, MG Scott, P Al-Abed, D Potlakayala, SD AF Goldman, Stephen L. Rudrabhatla, Sairam Muszynski, Michael G. Scott, Paul Al-Abed, Diaa Potlakayala, Shobha D. BE Kole, C Michler, CH Abbott, AG Hall, TC TI Understanding and Manipulation of the Flowering Network and the Perfection of Seed Quality SO TRANSGENIC CROP PLANTS: VOL 2: UTILIZATION AND BIOSAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; MADS-BOX GENES; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL.; DENDROCALAMUS-STRICTUS NEES; FLORAL INDUCTIVE SIGNALS; ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN; SOYBEAN SEEDS; PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL; FT PROTEIN; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION C1 [Rudrabhatla, Sairam] Penn State Univ, Coll Sci Engn & Technol, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. [Goldman, Stephen L.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Muszynski, Michael G.; Scott, Paul] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Scott, Paul] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Al-Abed, Diaa] Edenspace Syst Corp, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Potlakayala, Shobha D.] Penn State Milton S Hershey Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Rudrabhatla, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Sci Engn & Technol, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. EM sgoldma@utoledo.edu; svr11@psu.edu; mgmuszyn@iastate.edu; mgmuszyn@iastate.edu; dalabed@edenspace.com; p_shobhadevi@yahoo.com RI Muszyndski, Michael/L-2843-2016 OI Muszyndski, Michael/0000-0002-0817-7594 NR 137 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-04811-1 PY 2010 BP 167 EP 198 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-04812-8_4 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-04812-8 PG 32 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BNX65 UT WOS:000275826100004 ER PT B AU Chamberlin, KDC AF Chamberlin, Kelly D. Chenault BE Kole, C Michler, CH Abbott, AG Hall, TC TI Deployment: Regulations and Steps for Commercialization SO TRANSGENIC CROP PLANTS: VOL 2: UTILIZATION AND BIOSAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROPS C1 ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Unit, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Chamberlin, KDC (reprint author), ARS, Wheat Peanut & Other Field Crops Unit, USDA, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM kelly.chamberlin@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-04811-1 PY 2010 BP 391 EP 410 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-04812-8_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-04812-8 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BNX65 UT WOS:000275826100011 ER PT J AU Wacker, JP Groenier, J AF Wacker, James P. Groenier, James (Scott) TI Comparative Analysis of Design Codes for Timber Bridges in Canada, the United States, and Europe SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The United States recently completed its transition from the allowable stress design code to the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) reliability-based code for the design of most highway bridges. For an international perspective on the LRFD-based bridge codes, a comparative analysis is presented: a study addressed national codes of the United States, Canada, and Europe. The study focused on codes related to timber bridges and involved the following parameters: organization format, superstructure types, loads, materials, design for bending, design for shear, deflection criteria, and durability requirements. The investigation found many similarities and some distinctive differences between the three bridge codes. Although the United States and Canada have different design load configurations, these result in similar bending moments and shear effects over a typical span range. However, the design load configuration in the European code produces bending moment and shear effects that are two to three times greater than the U.S. and Canadian levels. The comparative design of a glulam girder bridge revealed that the smallest beam size was required by the Canadian code and the largest was required by the European code. C1 [Wacker, James P.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Groenier, James (Scott)] US Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, USDA, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Wacker, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM jwacker@fs.fed.us NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2010 IS 2200 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.3141/2200-19 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 701IC UT WOS:000285810600019 ER PT J AU Hozain, MI Salvucci, ME Fokar, M Holaday, AS AF Hozain, Moh'd I. Salvucci, Michael E. Fokar, Mohamed Holaday, A. Scott TI The differential response of photosynthesis to high temperature for a boreal and temperate Populus species relates to differences in Rubisco activation and Rubisco activase properties SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat stress ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE RUBISCO; THERMALLY CONTRASTING GENOTYPES; MODERATELY HIGH-TEMPERATURES; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; HEAT-STRESS; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; LEAF TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HIGHER-PLANTS; PIMA COTTON AB Significant inhibition of photosynthesis occurs at temperatures only a few degrees (< 10 degrees C) above the optimum, resulting in a considerable loss of potential productivity. Most studies of heat stress have focused on crop or weedy annual plants, whereas similar studies with trees have been limited in number. As temperature is a major factor limiting the geographic ranges of most plants, the aim of this study was to use two Populus species adapted to contrasting thermal environments for determining the factors that constrain photosynthetic assimilation (A) under moderate heat stress in tree species. Consistent with its native range in temperate regions, Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. exhibited a significantly higher temperature optimum for A than did Populus balsamifera L., a boreal species. The higher A exhibited by P. deltoides at 33-40 degrees C compared to that for P. balsamifera was associated with a higher activation state of Rubisco and correlated with a higher ATPase activity of Rubisco activase. The temperature response of minimal chlorophyll a fluorescence for darkened leaves was similar for both species and was not consistent with a thylakoid lipid phase change contributing to the decline in A in the range of 30-40 degrees C. Taken together, these data support the idea that the differences in the temperature response of A for the two Populus species could be attributed to the differences in the response of Rubisco activation and ultimately to the thermal properties of Rubisco activase. That the primary sequence of Rubisco activase differed between the species, especially in regions associated with ATPase activity and Rubisco recognition, indicates that the genotypic differences in Rubisco activase might underlie the differences in the heat sensitivity of Rubisco activase and photosynthesis at moderately high temperatures. C1 [Hozain, Moh'd I.; Fokar, Mohamed; Holaday, A. Scott] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Salvucci, Michael E.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Holaday, AS (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM scott.holaday@ttu.edu NR 60 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X EI 1758-4469 J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp091 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 542OQ UT WOS:000273504400003 PM 19864261 ER PT J AU Bertolde, FZ De Almeida, AAF Correa, RX Gomes, FP Gaiotto, FA Baligar, VC Loguercio, LL AF Bertolde, Fabiana Zanelato De Almeida, Alex-Alan Furtado Correa, Ronan Xavier Gomes, Fabio Pinto Gaiotto, Fernanda Amato Baligar, Virupax C. Loguercio, Leandro Lopes TI Molecular, physiological and morphological analysis of waterlogging tolerance in clonal genotypes of Theobroma cacao L. SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anoxia stress; cacao; genetic variability; photosynthesis; SSR markers ID LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; ADAPTIVE RESPONSES; OXYGEN DEFICIENCY; GROWTH-RESPONSES; FLOOD-TOLERANT; SEEDLINGS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; HYPOXIA AB In soil, anoxia conditions generated by waterlogging induce changes in genetic, morphological and physiological processes, altering the growth and development of plants. Mass propagation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) plantlets (clones) is affected by waterlogging caused by heavy rains and irrigation methods used to induce rooting. An experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of a 45-day flooding (anoxia) on physiological and morphological traits of 35 elite cacao genotypes, aiming at potentially identifying those with greater tolerance to flooding of the growth substrate. Eighteen fluorochrome-labeled microsatellite (SSR) primer pairs were used to assess genetic variability among clones, with 248 alleles being amplified and used to calculate similarity coefficients. The resulting dendrogram indicated the presence of four major groups, in which two represented 60% and 31% of the genotypes tested. A general trend toward high levels of heterozygosity was also found for physiological and morphological traits. The survival index (IS) for flood tolerance observed varied from 30 to 96%. Clones TSA-654, TSA-656, TSA-792, CA-1.4, CEPEC-2009 and PH-17 showed an IS value above 94%, whereas CEPEC-2010, CEPEC-2002, CA-7.1 and VB-903 clones were those mostly affected by waterlogging, with IS value below 56%. All genotypes displayed lenticel and adventitious root formation in response to waterlogging, although with different intensities. To determine whether patterns of physiological response could be associated with tolerance to anoxia, a similarity-grouping analysis was performed using the ratio between waterlogged and control values obtained for a series of physiological variables assessed. No specific pattern of physiological and morphological responses to waterlogging was strictly associated with survival of plantlets. However, results revealed by the dendrogram suggest that absence of leaf chlorosis may be a proper trait to indicate cacao clones with higher survival rates under flooding conditions. Consequences of these findings are discussed in the context of developing improved strategies for mass production of clones from elite cacao genotypes. C1 [Bertolde, Fabiana Zanelato; De Almeida, Alex-Alan Furtado; Correa, Ronan Xavier; Gomes, Fabio Pinto; Gaiotto, Fernanda Amato; Loguercio, Leandro Lopes] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45662000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. [Baligar, Virupax C.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP De Almeida, AAF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, Rod BR 415,Km 16, BR-45662000 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. EM alexalan@uesc.br RI Correa, Ronan/K-7976-2012; Gomes, Fabio/C-4066-2013; Gaiotto, Fernanda A./F-3382-2010 OI Correa, Ronan/0000-0002-4010-1565; Gomes, Fabio/0000-0001-7140-0456; Gaiotto, Fernanda A./0000-0002-7140-565X FU IBC; UESC; CAPES; FAPESB (Brazil) FX The authors are grateful to Mr. Lucimar Souza Amorim and Mrs. Fernanda Sousa for great collaboration in this work. Logistic and financial supports were provided by IBC, UESC, CAPES and FAPESB (Brazil). We thank Drs C. D. Foy and D. Zhang for their excellent review and constructive comments. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 56 EP 67 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp101 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 542OQ UT WOS:000273504400005 PM 19959598 ER PT J AU Calfapietra, C Ainsworth, EA Beier, C De Angelis, P Ellsworth, DS Godbold, DL Hendrey, GR Hickler, T Hoosbeek, MR Karnosky, DF King, J Korner, C Leakey, ADB Lewin, KF Liberloo, M Long, SP Lukac, M Matyssek, R Miglietta, F Nagy, J Norby, RJ Oren, R Percy, KE Rogers, A Mugnozza, GS Stitt, M Taylor, G Ceulemans, R AF Calfapietra, Carlo Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. Beier, Claus De Angelis, Paolo Ellsworth, David S. Godbold, Douglas L. Hendrey, George R. Hickler, Thomas Hoosbeek, Marcel R. Karnosky, David F. King, John Korner, Christian Leakey, Andrew D. B. Lewin, Keith F. Liberloo, Marion Long, Stephen P. Lukac, Martin Matyssek, Rainer Miglietta, Franco Nagy, John Norby, Richard J. Oren, Ram Percy, Kevin E. Rogers, Alistair Mugnozza, Giuseppe Scarascia Stitt, Mark Taylor, Gail Ceulemans, Reinhart CA ESF-Forest Face Grp TI Challenges in elevated CO2 experiments on forests SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; ENRICHMENT SYSTEM; GROWTH DYNAMICS; AIR FUMIGATION; DESIGN; SPRUCE; OZONE AB Current forest Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments are reaching completion. Therefore, it is time to define the scientific goals and priorities of future experimental facilities. In this opinion article, we discuss the following three overarching issues (i) What are the most urgent scientific questions and how can they be addressed? (ii) What forest ecosystems should be investigated? (iii) Which other climate change factors should be coupled with elevated CO2 concentrations in future experiments to better predict the effects of climate change? Plantations and natural forests can have conflicting purposes for high productivity and environmental protection. However, in both cases the assessment of carbon balance and how this will be affected by elevated CO2 concentrations and the interacting climate change factors is the most pressing priority for future experiments. C1 [Calfapietra, Carlo] IBAF NR Monterotondo Scalo Roma, Rome, Italy. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.] USDA, Urbana, IL USA. [Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.; Leakey, Andrew D. B.; Long, Stephen P.; Rogers, Alistair] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Beier, Claus] Tech Univ Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark. [De Angelis, Paolo] Univ Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. [Ellsworth, David S.] Univ Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia. [Godbold, Douglas L.] Bangor Univ, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. [Hendrey, George R.] CUNY, Queens Coll, New York, NY USA. [Hickler, Thomas] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Hoosbeek, Marcel R.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Karnosky, David F.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [King, John] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Korner, Christian] Univ Basel, Basel, Switzerland. [Lewin, Keith F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Liberloo, Marion; Ceulemans, Reinhart] Univ Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. [Lukac, Martin] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot, Berks, England. [Matyssek, Rainer] Tech Univ Munich, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Miglietta, Franco] IBIMET CNR, Florence, Italy. [Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Percy, Kevin E.] KE Percy Air Qual Effects Consulting Ltd, Ft McMurray, AB, Canada. [Mugnozza, Giuseppe Scarascia] Forestry & Land Use CRA, Dept Agron, Rome, Italy. [Stitt, Mark] Max Planck Inst Mol Plant Physiol, Golm, Germany. [Taylor, Gail] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Calfapietra, C (reprint author), IBAF NR Monterotondo Scalo Roma, Rome, Italy. EM carlo.calfapietra@ibaf.cnr.it RI Miglietta, Franco/A-1257-2009; Hickler, Thomas/S-6287-2016; De Angelis, Paolo/A-6863-2012; Rogers, Alistair/E-1177-2011; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Lukac, Martin/A-4379-2013; Beier, Claus/E-6288-2013; Korner, Christian/B-6592-2014; Calfapietra, Carlo/E-2269-2015; Beier, Claus/C-1789-2016; Ceulemans, Reinhart/F-2109-2016; Leakey, Andrew/Q-9889-2016 OI Miglietta, Franco/0000-0003-1474-8143; Hickler, Thomas/0000-0002-4668-7552; De Angelis, Paolo/0000-0001-8310-8831; Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272; Rogers, Alistair/0000-0001-9262-7430; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Lukac, Martin/0000-0002-8535-6334; Beier, Claus/0000-0003-0348-7179; Leakey, Andrew/0000-0001-6251-024X FU European Science Foundation (ESF) FX This paper was produced at an Interdisciplinary New Initiative Fund (INIF) workshop 'FACEing the Future: Planning the Next Generation of Elevated CO2 Experiments on Crops and Ecosystems', which was financed by the European Science Foundation (ESF). This paper is dedicated to our friend and colleague Dr. David F. Karnosky, who passed away suddenly on October 24, 2008. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.001 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 553OU UT WOS:000274377500002 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Bantchev, GB AF Biresaw, Girma Bantchev, Grigor B. TI Elastohydrodynamic (EHD) Traction Properties of Seed Oils SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Castor Oil; Jojoba; Hexadecane; Polyalphaolefins; Seed Oils; Slide-to-Roll Ratio; Limiting Traction Coefficient; Elastohydrodynamic Traction Coefficient ID FILM-FORMING PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; VEGETABLE-OILS; BASE OILS; LUBRICATION; FRICTION; BIODEGRADABILITY; COMPOSITES; BIODIESEL; MODELS AB The elastohydrodynamic traction coefficient (tc) properties of nine seed oils of varying chemical structures, polyalphaolefin oil (PAO) and hexadecane, were investigated using a ball-on-disk traction apparatus. The seed oils were castor oil, a triglyceride with hydroxyl functional group; jojoba, a monoglyceride; and seven triglyceride seed oils with varying fatty acid compositions. Two types of experiments were conducted at constant temperature (40 or 100 degrees C) and constant load (10, 20, 30, or 40 N): tc as a function of slide-to-roll ratio (srr) at 1 m/s entrainment speed (u); and tc as a function of u at 50% srr. In both types of experiments, tc increased with decreasing temperature, increasing load, and increasing srr. All u vs. tc experiments gave the familiar Stribeck-type profiles. A maximum in tc values was observed in some srr vs. tc experiments. Regression analysis showed excellent agreement between limiting tc (tc at 1 m/s u and 50% srr) values from these two types of experiments. Hexadecane and PAO displayed higher tc values than the seed oils, even though their viscosities were up to 80 and 7 times lower, respectively, than that of seed oils. This observation cannot be rationalized using molecular structure arguments. The results were attributed to differences in polarity between the two groups of oils. Unlike PAO and hexadecane, seed oils are polar, adsorb on friction surfaces, and lower boundary friction, which contributes to the lowering of tc in the EHD regime. C1 [Biresaw, Girma; Bantchev, Grigor B.] Agr Res Serv, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Bantchev, Grigor/0000-0003-2790-5195 NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PY 2010 VL 53 IS 4 BP 573 EP 583 DI 10.1080/10402001003599769 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 642IA UT WOS:000281201000002 ER PT J AU Morris, JB AF Morris, J. B. TI Morphological, phenological and reproductive trait analysis for the pasture species, siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) SO TROPICAL GRASSLANDS LA English DT Article ID HETEROPOGON-CONTORTUS GRASSLANDS; DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS; HERBACEOUS LEGUMES; TROPICAL LEGUMES; PRODUCTIVITY; LAMBS AB Variation in agronomic traits among 66 siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) accessions being regenerated in Byron and Griffin, GA, USA during May - June 2000, 2005 and 2007 - 2008 was measured. At 50% maturity, individual plants of the accessions were evaluated for branching, foliage growth, height, diameter, days to maturity (DTM) and seed numbers. Most accessions displayed prolific branching and foliage growth. Accessions exhibiting early maturity (96 DTM) and high seed production (averaging 2429 seeds per accession) included PI 451726, PI 543331 and PI 543380. The Australian accession, PI 543332, matured later (121 DTM) than the above accessions but produced slightly smaller plants and the highest number of seeds (4480). The coefficient of variation was 109% for DTM and 169% for seed number, indicating high variability for these traits. Potential exists to develop cultivars which would mature early and produce high seed numbers. These accessions require further field evaluation in the south-eastern USA for pasture value (production and persistence) under grazing conditions and variation among the remaining 82 accessions in the collection should also be examined when the opportunity arises, possibly during regeneration cycles. C1 Univ Georgia, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Morris, JB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM Brad.Morris@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TROPICAL GRASSLAND SOC AUST PI ST LUCIA PA CUNNINGHAM LAB, CSIRO 306 CARMODY RD, ST LUCIA, OLD 4067, AUSTRALIA SN 0049-4763 J9 TROP GRASSLANDS JI Trop. Grassl. PY 2010 VL 44 BP 266 EP 273 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 794OW UT WOS:000292910800030 ER PT J AU Calicioglu, M Buege, DR Luchansky, JB AF Calicioglu, Mehmet Buege, Dennis R. Luchansky, John B. TI Effect of pre-evisceration, skin-on carcass decontamination sanitation strategies for reducing bacterial contamination of cattle during skinning SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Pre-evisceration; beef carcass decontamination; sanitation; adhesive; trisodium phosphate (TSP); iodophor; ethanol; hot water ID BEEF CARCASSES; HIDES; CLEANLINESS; SLAUGHTER; EFFICACY; ABATTOIR; MEAT AB The effectiveness of pre-evisceration, skin-on carcass sanitation on reducing bacterial contamination of beef carcasses was tested using 3 cattle per treatment and 3 cattle as controls at each of 3 abattoirs in southern Wisconsin. The sanitation procedure included stunning, bleeding, tying off the esophagus, sealing the anus, and then sanitizing the hide with: i) 20% trisodium phosphate, ii) 200 ppm iodophor, iii) 75% ethanol, or iv) hot water (ca. 80 degrees C). Two sets of combined sponge samples (3 x 100 cm(2)) were taken from the hide before and after the sanitation step, as well as from the carcass after the final wash. Our results revealed that average reductions in numbers of total aerobic bacteria on the hide ranged from 0.06 to 3.58 log(10) cfu per cm(2) depending on the sanitation method. However, regardless of the various sanitation methods tested, no significant differences were found between test and control groups in the level of total aerobic bacterial contamination on the carcasses after the final wash. C1 [Calicioglu, Mehmet] Firat Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg & Technol, TR-23119 Elazig, Turkey. [Calicioglu, Mehmet; Buege, Dennis R.] Univ Wisconsin, Meat Sci & Muscle Biol Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Luchansky, John B.] USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Calicioglu, M (reprint author), Firat Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food Hyg & Technol, TR-23119 Elazig, Turkey. EM mcalicioglu@firat.edu.tr FU Wisconsin Beef Council FX We thank John and Jim Straka of Straka Meats, Plain, WI, and Rick McClimans of The Butcher Shop, Fennimore, WI for cooperating with us for conducting experiments in operating meat plants. We also thank Dr. Donald Baker, Veterinary Inspector of Department of Agriculture, WI, and Terry Timm and Lynn Laufenbergm of Meat Science and Muscle Biology Laboratory, the University of Wisconsin-Madison. We also acknowledge the Wisconsin Beef Council for funding portions of this research. Lastly, we respectfully dedicate this manuscript to our dear friend and long time colleague/collaborator, Dr. Dennis Buege, who passed away after this study was completed. His many and valued contributions and his kindness and inspiring spirit are not forgotten. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK PI ANKARA PA ATATURK BULVARI NO 221, KAVAKLIDERE, TR-06100 ANKARA, TURKEY SN 1300-0128 J9 TURK J VET ANIM SCI JI Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.3906/vet-0902-14 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 625KK UT WOS:000279893900007 ER PT J AU Koch, KA Quiram, GL Venette, RC AF Koch, Karrie A. Quiram, Gina L. Venette, Robert C. TI A review of oak wilt management: A summary of treatment options and their efficacy SO URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING LA English DT Review DE Ceratocystis fagacearum; Forest pathogen; Invasive species; Pest management; Quercus ID CERATOCYSTIS-FAGACEARUM; FRESH WOUNDS; LIVE OAK; RED OAK; FUNGUS; MINNESOTA; BEETLE; TEXAS; PROPICONAZOLE; TRANSMISSION AB Oak wilt, caused by the invasive fungal pathogen Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt, is a serious and fatal disease of oaks, Quercus spp., with red oaks (section Lobatae) generally being more susceptible than white oaks (section Quercus). Oak wilt was first recognized in North America in 1944 and has since been confirmed in 24 eastern, midwestern, and southern states. The purpose of this paper is to review relevant literature on the efficacy of oak wilt treatment options. Root disruption, sanitation, and chemical control methods have been used most often to manage the disease. Root disruption has primarily focused on severing root grafts between oaks. Sanitation has focused on removal and proper disposal of potential spore-producing trees. Chemical control has focused on the use of systemic triazole fungicides. Efficacy of treatments can vary significantly, for example from 54% to 100% for root graft barriers. Educational programs can increase prevention efforts, detection, compliance with recommended management methods, and overall efficacy. Our review confirms that management programs should address underground and overland spread and include an educational component. Published by Elsevier GmbH. C1 [Koch, Karrie A.] Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Quiram, Gina L.] Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Venette, Robert C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Koch, KA (reprint author), Dept Entomol, 219 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM kochx141@umn.edu FU NSF IGERT [NSF DGE-0653827] FX Partial funding for KAK and GLQ provided by the NSF IGERT: Risk Analysis for Introduced Species and Genotypes (NSF DGE-0653827). We thank J. Pokorny, USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, for useful information on recommended oak wilt treatments. We also thank F. Homans, J. Juzwik, J. Pokorny, K. Smith, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on previous drafts. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1618-8667 J9 URBAN FOR URBAN GREE JI Urban For. Urban Green. PY 2010 VL 9 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.ufug.2009.11.004 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry; Urban Studies SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Urban Studies GA 556KA UT WOS:000274588400001 ER PT S AU Parnell, LD Schueller, CME AF Parnell, Laurence D. Schueller, Christine M. E. BE Rai, AJ TI Bioinformatics of the Urinary Proteome SO URINARY PROTEOME: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Bioinformatics; Genome annotation; Protein annotation; Protein sequence analysis; Polymorphism; Interactome; Database mining ID TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; FACTOR-BETA; FIBROSIS AB Proteomics-based biomarker discovery studies usually entail the isolation or peptide fragments from candidate biomarkers of interest. Detection of such peptides from biological or clinical samples and identification of the corresponding hill-length protein and the gene encoding that protein provide the means to gather a wealth of information. This information, termed annotation because it is attached to the gene or protein sequence under study, describes relationships to human disease, cytogenetic map position, protein domains, protein protein and small molecule interactions, tissues or cell types in which the gene is expressed, as well as several other aspects of gene and protein function. Bioinformatics tools, are employed and genome databases arc mined to retrieve this information. Coupled with extensive gene and protein annotation, detected peptides are better placed in a biological context with respect to the health status of the subject. Examples of the status include cancers (bladder, kidney), metabolic disorders (diabetes and kidney function), and the nutritional state of the subject. C1 [Parnell, Laurence D.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schueller, Christine M. E.] Biomax Informat AG, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Parnell, LD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-710-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 641 BP 101 EP 122 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-711-2_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-711-2 PG 22 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BOU38 UT WOS:000277627500007 PM 20407944 ER PT B AU Gao, W Davis, JM Tree, R Slusser, JR Schmoldt, D AF Gao, Wei Davis, John M. Tree, Roger Slusser, James R. Schmoldt, Daniel BA Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR BF Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR TI An Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring and Research Program for Agriculture SO UV RADIATION IN GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: MEASUREMENTS, MODELING AND EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE USDA UVMRP; ultraviolet; solar UV-B radiation; monitoring network; crop damage; UV climatology; agricultural sustainability; column ozone; crop yield ID SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; B RADIATION; UV-B; OPTICAL DEPTH; RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS; FILTER RADIOMETERS; COSINE RESPONSE AB The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Ultraviolet-B Monitoring and Research Program (UVMRP) was initiated in 1992 through a grant to Colorado State University (Fort Collins, CO, USA), authorized by Congress under the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Special Research Grant authority, to provide the agricultural science research community with the information necessary to determine if changing levels of UV-B radiation would threaten food and fiber production in the United States. The UVMRP consists of three major components: (1) monitoring solar radiation with an emphasis on UV-B radiation; (2) research to determine the effects of UV radiation on specific plants and crops; and (3) crop growth and production assessment modeling to assess the impact of climate change scenarios on crop production. The monitoring network, consisting of UV and visible solar radiation measurement instrumentation installed at 37 climatological sites, is described in this chapter, along with the basic algorithms used to process the data and the calibration methods designed to provide accurate long term data records. Procedures developed to provide aerosol optical depth, columnar ozone, and enhanced products, such as integrated irradiances weighted with biological spectral weighting functions and summed over selected time periods, are also described. An updated, flexible web page interface that allows users to access various data products is documented. The UVMRP's role in UV-B agricultural effects studies is summarized, including contributions by scientists at several collaborating universities. The UVMRP's component that models agricultural sustainability by coupling a state of the science climate forecasting model to crop growth models in order to obtain the impact of climate change scenarios on crop yield is introduced. Future directions of UVMRP are also presented. C1 [Gao, Wei; Davis, John M.; Tree, Roger; Slusser, James R.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schmoldt, Daniel] Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; dschmoldt@csrees.usda.gov; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu NR 90 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-302-20360-5 PY 2010 BP 205 EP 243 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1_8 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1 PG 39 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOX64 UT WOS:000277962100008 ER PT B AU Gao, W Gao, ZQ Chang, NB AF Gao, Wei Gao, Zhiqiang Chang, Ni-Bin BA Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR BF Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR TI Comparative Analysis of UV-B Exposure Between Nimbus 7/TOMS Satellite Estimates and Ground-Based Measurements SO UV RADIATION IN GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: MEASUREMENTS, MODELING AND EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE UV-B; UV-I; remote sensing; TOMS; US ID LONG-TERM VARIATIONS; SURFACE; OZONE; IRRADIANCE; RADIATION; NORTHERN; RETRIEVALS; CANADA; CLOUDS AB This study describes the patterns of variation in ultraviolet (UV) exposure across time and space, using two continental scale datasets on UV radiation, and conducts a comparative analysis of two sources of noontime UV-B exposure data across the continental U.S. One dataset was collected from 37 ground-based stations equipped with broadband UV-B-1 Pyranometers across North America whereas the other dataset was of synchronous satellite data collected from the Nimbus-7/TOMS sensor. Comparisons of these datasets,confirmed agreement between the ground-based measurements and the TOMS satellite estimates with correlation coefficients of 0.87 and 0.95 for daily and monthly Ultraviolet Index (UV-I) time series (i.e., a common metric of UV radiation exposure), respectively. The UV-I value observed by the TOMS sensor is generally greater than that of the USDA ground-based measurements, and the relative error of daily change is, on average, between 5% and 12%. With these two datasets from 1999 to 2005, the trend analyses for daily and monthly UV-I change are statistically summarized at four representative stations distributed across the western U.S as an integral part of the USDA monitoring network. Spatial and temporal features may then be illuminated and retrieved according to UV-I distribution. Overall, the UV-I data acquired by the TOMS sensor can sufficiently detect the effect of spatial variation in topography, whereas continuous measurements through the USDA UV-B ground-based monitoring network can provide better temporal resolution on holistic changes in UV-I within the last few years. C1 [Gao, Wei; Gao, Zhiqiang] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chang, Ni-Bin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; zgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; nchang@mail.ucf.edu NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-302-20360-5 PY 2010 BP 270 EP 290 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1_10 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOX64 UT WOS:000277962100010 ER PT B AU Heisler, GM AF Heisler, Gordon M. BA Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR BF Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR TI Urban Forest Influences on Exposure to UV Radiation and Potential Consequences for Human Health SO UV RADIATION IN GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: MEASUREMENTS, MODELING AND EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE human health; ozone depletion; skin cancer; urban climate; UV-B radiation; vitamin D ID SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-B; CANCER-MORTALITY-RATES; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY-ACTIVE RADIATION; SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES; VITAMIN-D SYNTHESIS; UNITED-STATES; SUN EXPOSURE AB This chapter explores the literature on ultraviolet (UV) irradiance in urban ecosystems with respect to the likely effects on human health. The focus was the question of whether the health effects of UV radiation should be included in the planning of landscape elements such as trees and shading structures, especially for high use pedestrian areas and school play grounds. Ultraviolet radiation can have a strong effect on humans, primarily as a cause or contributing factor for skin cancer and eye cataracts. It is also a probable factor in the development of immune deficiencies. However, UV can also positively affect human health, primarily because it is essential for photosynthesis of vitamin D in human skin. Vitamin D has long been recognized as a requirement for bone health. Recent epidemiological findings attribute vitamin D for the reduction of many types of non-skin cancers. Moreover, there is evidence that it may reduce mortality for those diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer. Alternatively, some public health authorities, particularly those from countries with a large population of northern European descent, strongly recommend that exposure to UV radiation should be minimized to prevent skin cancer. Other agencies, including the World Health Organization, that take a broader world view, differentiate their recommendations according to skin color. They recommend that humans with darker skin, who are likely deficient in vitamin D and also have little access to vitamin D fortified foods, should have moderate UV exposure. Judging from current knowledge of typical spectra of solar radiation in tree shade and the difference between the action spectra (effectiveness versus radiation wavelength) for vitamin D synthesis and that for sunburn in human skin, tree shade has advantages for moderate exposure to solar radiation. Where trees are separated, as is typical in heavily populated urban areas, the shortest wavelengths of UV radiation are scattered from the sky into shady locations with some sky view, and to a small extent, vitamin-D-promoting wavelengths are increased over the radiation spectrum that causes sunburn. The sunburn action spectrum includes longer wavelengths that are less readily scattered into direct beam shade. Global climate change, which is expected to increase temperatures, especially at higher latitudes, may have a variety of effects on UV exposure for human populations. For example, warming could lead to greater exposure as people adapt to increased temperatures by wearing less clothing. However, empirical evidence for a temperature influence on human exposure independent of radiation climate does not seem to exist. C1 SUNY ESF, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Heisler, GM (reprint author), SUNY ESF, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 5 Moon Lib, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM gheisler@fs.fed.us NR 160 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-302-20360-5 PY 2010 BP 331 EP 369 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1_12 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1 PG 39 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOX64 UT WOS:000277962100012 ER PT B AU Sullivan, JH Pope, LC Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Blum, JE Stapleton, AE Gitz, DC AF Sullivan, Joseph H. Pope, Linda C. Sutherland, Betsy M. Bennett, Paula V. Blum, James E. Stapleton, Aim E. Gitz, Dennis C., III BA Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR BF Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR TI Assessment of DNA Damage as a Tool to Measure UV-B Tolerance in Soybean Lines Differing in Foliar Flavonoid Composition SO UV RADIATION IN GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: MEASUREMENTS, MODELING AND EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Glycine max; soybean; DNA damage; pyrimidine dimers; UV-B radiation; stratospheric ozone depletion ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-B; BARLEY PRIMARY LEAVES; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; LEAF EXPANSION; EPIDERMAL-TRANSMITTANCE; LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA; SCREENING EFFECTIVENESS; ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT; BALANCING DAMAGE; MOLECULAR LENGTH AB Damage to DNA, in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), may occur in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Men) plants when they are exposed to increasing levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Flavonoids and other phenolics accumulate in the epidermal layer of leaves and may provide protection for sensitive tissues including DNA molecules. We evaluated the steady state levels of accumulated damage and the protection afforded by flavonoids in two soybean isolines: Clark producing high levels of flavonoids, and Clark-magenta producing extremely low flavonoid levels. Both cultivars were grown in the field under ambient and supplemental UV-B radiation. Leaf tissue was harvested in a diurnal sequence, and the samples were analyzed. Two methods of analysis were used in order to develop a common reference point between the two. In one method, DNA was isolated and treated with UV endonuclease, and the DNA fragments were separated using unidirectional pulsed field electrophoresis and quantified through electronic imaging. In the alternate method, a western blotting procedure, immobilized DNA was reacted with monoclonal antibodies specific to CPD DNA damage. Results were similar in both techniques and show lesion frequency to be low in both isolines. However significant differences were found between cultivars, UV treatments, time of day collected, and levels of PAR. The average level of dimers per megabase for the isoline Clark was similar to 4 (with or without supplemental UV), and for Clark-magenta, similar to 4 for samples with no supplemental UV and similar to 6 for those exposed to supplemental UV radiation. Diurnally, dimer levels were frequently higher in the Clark-magenta isoline, especially when exposed to supplemental UV-B. Both isolines appear to be either well-protected from DNA damage, or repair is efficient enough to minimize biologically significant accumulation of DNA damage. This suggests that protection mechanisms, other than flavonoids alone, contribute to maintenance of DNA integrity in soybean. C1 [Sullivan, Joseph H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sutherland, Betsy M.; Bennett, Paula V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Blum, James E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math & Stat, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Stapleton, Aim E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Gitz, Dennis C., III] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Sullivan, JH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2122 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jsull@umd.edu; bms@bnl.gov; blumj@uncw.edu; stapletona@uncw.edu NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-302-20360-5 PY 2010 BP 437 EP 457 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1_15 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOX64 UT WOS:000277962100015 ER PT B AU Qi, YD Heisler, GM Gao, W Vogelmann, TC Bai, SJ AF Qi, Yadong Heisler, Gordon M. Gao, Wei Vogelmann, Thomas C. Bai, Shuju BA Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR BF Gao, W Schmoldt, DL Slusser, JR TI Characteristics of UV-B Radiation Tolerance in Broadleaf Trees in Southern USA SO UV RADIATION IN GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: MEASUREMENTS, MODELING AND EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Leaf optical property; UV-B penetration; concentration of total UV-B absorbing compounds; UV-B tolerance; broadleaf tree species ID ABSORBING-COMPOUND CONCENTRATION; ULTRAVIOLET-B; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EPIDERMAL-TRANSMITTANCE; TISSUE LOCALIZATION; LEAF; LEAVES; PLANTS; PENETRATION; SENSITIVITY AB Research has indicated that the ozone layer in the earth's stratosphere has decreased significantly in the last two decades. Such a reduction has led to an increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280 nm - 315 nm) striking the earth's surface. Nearly two-thirds of the 400 plant species and cultivars tested to date appear to be UV-B sensitive, one-third of which show certain tolerant characteristics. However, the majority of plants evaluated thus far have been annual agricultural species. Very few studies have been conducted on tree species which account for more than 80% of the global net primary production. Scientists from Southern University, the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station, the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, and the University of Vermont, have recently completed a five-year program of collaborative research to assess UV-B (280 nm - 315 nm) radiation tolerance characteristics of more than 30 common broadleaf tree species in the southern US. The project has established a database of leaf optical properties, depth of UV-B penetration into leaves, concentration of UV-B absorbing compounds, and leaf anatomy. The study concluded that on a whole leaf basis, the tree leaves absorb 91% - 95%, reflect 5% - 9%, and transmit very little (<1%) incident UV-B radiation. At the tissue level, the upper leaf epidermis appears to be the main site absorbing the most UV-B radiation. The study has identified 23 broadleaf tree species that possess strong epidermal UV-B screening functions and attenuate 92% - 99% of the UV-B through their epidermal layers. These species include Arizona ash, chestnut oak, mocker nut hickory, pecan, American sycamore, bitternut hickory, green ash, sawtooth oak, American elm, blue Japanese oak, cherrybark oak, cottonwood, southern live oak, southern magnolia, shumard oak, sweetgum, American beech, white oak, Chinese tallow, water oak, yellow poplar, Bradford pear, and red maple. The epidermal attenuation is shown to be the dominant UV-B screening characteristic in most of the species studied. Thus, the effectiveness of the epidermal function of UV-B screening underlines the important aspect of the UV-B protection mechanism in the broadleaf trees. Within the species, there are cumulative increases in leaf thickness, leaf total concentration of UV-B absorbing compounds, and leaf chlorophyll content with an increase in UV-B radiation during the period of leaf growth and development (from April to August). The increased concentration in leaf UV-B absorbing compounds may help protect plants against the enhanced UV-B level during the growing season. Comparisons among the species, however, showed that large inter-specific variations exist in the leaf total UV-B absorbing compound concentration, leaf epidermal thickness, leaf total thickness, and depth of UV-B penetration, indicating the individualistic nature of the species. The knowledge of UV-B absorbing compounds and their strategic locations within leaf tissues may increase our current understanding of UV-B tolerance characteristics. Further research is necessary to identify and localize these compounds in leaf tissues. Such information may help us define the biochemical aspects of UV-B protection in broadleaf trees. C1 [Qi, Yadong] Southern Univ, Urban Forestry Program, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Heisler, Gordon M.] SUNY ESF, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Radiat Monitoring Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vogelmann, Thomas C.] Univ Vermont, Dept Bot, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Bai, Shuju] Southern Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RP Qi, YD (reprint author), Southern Univ, Urban Forestry Program, POB 11288, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. EM yadong_qi@subr.edu; gheisler@fs.fed.us; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; Thomas.Vogelmann@uvm.edu; bais@cmps.subr.edu; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu OI Qi, Yadong/0000-0002-7634-6441 NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-302-20360-5 PY 2010 BP 509 EP 530 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1_18 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BOX64 UT WOS:000277962100018 ER PT B AU Linthicum, KJ Anyamba, A Chretien, JP Small, J Tucker, CJ Britch, SC AF Linthicum, Kenneth J. Anyamba, Assaf Chretien, Jean-Paul Small, Jennifer Tucker, Compton J. Britch, Seth C. BE Atkinson, PW TI The Role of Global Climate Patterns in the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Vector-Borne Disease SO VECTOR BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND CONTROL LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate change; ENSO; Disease; Vectors ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; MALARIA; VIRUS; KENYA; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; EPIDEMICS; WEATHER AB Global climate variability patterns, such as those associated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena, have been shown to have an impact on vector-borne infectious disease outbreaks. Evidence of the links between ENSO driven climate anomalies and infectious diseases, particularly those transmitted by insects, can allow us to provide improved long range forecasts of an epidemic or epizootic. Using satellite generated data developing climate anomalies suggested potential disease risks for 2006 and 2007. Sea surface temperatures in the equatorial east Pacific Ocean anomalously increased significantly during July-October 2006 indicating the typical development of El Nino conditions. The persistence of these conditions led to extremes in global-scale climate anomalies comparable to what has been observed during similar conditions in the past. The 2006 development of El Nino conditions had significant implications for global public health. Extremes in climate events with above normal rainfall and flooding in some regions and extended drought periods in other regions occurred. Forecasting disease is critical for timely and effective planning of operational control programs. Here we describe global climate anomalies that led to forecasts of elevated disease risks that gave decision makers additional tools to make rational judgments concerning implementation of disease prevention and mitigation strategies. C1 [Linthicum, Kenneth J.; Britch, Seth C.] USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Anyamba, Assaf; Small, Jennifer; Tucker, Compton J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chretien, Jean-Paul] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Prevent Med, Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance & Re, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Linthicum, KJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Kenneth.Linthicum@ars.usda.gov; Assaf@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov; Jean-Paul.Chretien@na.amedd.army.mil; jsmall@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov; compton@ltpmailx.gsfc.nasa.gov; Seth.Britch@ars.usda.gov OI Chretien, Jean-Paul/0000-0001-8143-6823 NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-2457-2 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2458-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-2458-9 PG 11 WC Entomology; Infectious Diseases SC Entomology; Infectious Diseases GA BNH47 UT WOS:000274565700001 ER PT J AU Hailat, NQ Hananeh, W Metekia, AS Stabel, JR Al-Majali, A Lafi, S AF Hailat, N. Q. Hananeh, W. Metekia, A. S. Stabel, J. R. Al-Majali, A. Lafi, S. TI Pathology of subclinical paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) in Awassi sheep with reference to its occurrence in Jordan SO VETERINARNI MEDICINA LA English DT Article DE sheep; paratuberculosis; histopathology; acid fast stain; ileum; immunohistochemistry ID AVIUM SUBSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; BACTERIAL ISOLATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CROHNS-DISEASE; CATTLE; DIAGNOSIS; MILK; LESIONS AB In this study, the pathological lesions and occurrence of subclinical Johne's disease in Awassi sheep is investigated using histopathological (HP) and immunohistochemical (IHC) examinations, Acid Fast Staining (AFS) of tissue sections, direct smears from tissues and culture. Histopathological examination of 202 ilea and the corresponding mesenteric lymph nodes (179) was conducted. In addition, IHC examination, using rabbit polyclonal antiserum, of 134 ilea and 123 mesenteric lymph nodes was also conducted. The occurrence of the disease was observed in 50% and 93% of the ilea examined using histopathology and IHC techniques, respectively. Fifty nine percent of lymph nodes were positive by IHC. The histopathological lesions were graded from I-IV, I being the least severe, based on the type of cellular infiltrate (lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelioid cells) and the severity of the lesions. Grades III and IV (SP) were considered positive while I and II were considered suspected. Analysis of the results also revealed that the majority of suspected cases (grades I and II) reacted positive with the IHC. Furthermore, the IHC reactions were classified into three categories depending on the number of stained cells and the intensity of the staining (I-mild, II-moderate and III-strong). Direct smears, and tissue sections obtained from the ilea and stained with AFS revealed that out of 202 tissue samples, 53 (26%) and 22 (11%) were positive, respectively. Results of the culture revealed that 22 (11%) out of 202 were positive. These results showed that the occurrence of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in Awassi sheep is very high in Jordan and needs further study in order to develop rational methods of control effective for the Jordanian sheep population. C1 [Hailat, N. Q.] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pathol & Anim Hlth, Irbid, Jordan. [Stabel, J. R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Hailat, NQ (reprint author), Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pathol & Anim Hlth, POB 3030, Irbid, Jordan. EM Hailatn@just.edu.jo NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU CZECH ACAD AGRIC SCI PI PRAGUE PA TESNOV 17, PRAGUE, 00000, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0375-8427 J9 VET MED-CZECH JI Vet. Med. PY 2010 VL 55 IS 12 BP 590 EP 602 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 699ER UT WOS:000285647200003 ER PT J AU Pacheco, JM Arzt, J Rodriguez, LL AF Pacheco, Juan M. Arzt, Jonathan Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Early events in the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle after controlled aerosol exposure SO VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV); Cattle; Aerosol infection; Pathogenesis ID VIRUS; HYBRIDIZATION; LOCALIZATION; INFECTION; PIGS; O1 AB The goal of this study was to identify the primary sites of replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle subsequent to aerogenous inoculation. A novel aerosol inoculation method was developed to simulate natural, airborne transmission and thereby allow the identification of early replication sites. Virus distribution after aerosol inoculation was compared at 24 h post inoculation with simple nasal instillation. Aerosol inoculation of FMDV consistently resulted in virus detection by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and viral isolation in the soft palate, pharynx, and lungs. Viral antigen was also detected in each of these tissues by immunohistochemistry. Aerosol exposure resulted in typical clinical signs of FMD when animals were kept alive long enough to develop disease. This aerosol infection method is highly reproducible regarding inoculum dose and volume, and allowed the detailed study of early events in FMDV-infected cattle. Extensive postmortem sampling and trimodal virus detection system allows a more precise determination of FMDV localization than previously reported. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pacheco, Juan M.; Arzt, Jonathan; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Unit PIADC, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foot & Mouth Dis Unit PIADC, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM luis.rodriguez@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 FU ARS-CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D] FX We want to thank the research animal resource unit personnel at PIADC for their patience and help in caring and collecting samples from animals. We also acknowledge Dr. Douglas Gregg for help in some of the necropsies. Diana Alejo, Elizabeth Bishop, Ethan Hartwig and George Smoliga played a key role in collecting and processing samples. We thank Dr. A. Clavijo for supplying monoclonal antibodies to FMDV 3D polymerase. This research was funded by ARS-CRIS Project 1940-32000-052-00D. NR 22 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1090-0233 J9 VET J JI Vet. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 183 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.08.023 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 549MO UT WOS:000274054500008 PM 18930417 ER PT B AU Li, RW Gasbarre, LC AF Li, Robert W. Gasbarre, Louis C. BE LaMann, GV TI GENE EXPRESSION IN THE BOVINE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT DURING NEMATODE INFECTION SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE cattle; bovine; gene expression; microarray; laser capture microdissection (LCM); networks; pathway; cytokine; adhesion molecule; collectin; galectin; cadherins ID BINDING PROTEIN GALECTIN-3; OSTERTAGIA-OSTERTAGI; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; HELMINTH-PARASITES; COLON-CANCER; TRICHOSTRONGYLUS-COLUBRIFORMIS; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; COOPERIA-ONCOPHORA; RECEPTOR WSX-1 AB Gastro-intestinal nematodes have been ranked among the top three diseases that may have a significant economic impact on the American cattle industry with an estimated annual cost in excess of $2 billion. At least 41 different species of parasitic nematodes have been described in the bovine gastrointestinal tract with predilection sites in the abomasum, small intestine and large intestine. Understanding molecular mechanisms that contribute to acquired immunity, immunosuppression and innate resistance is an important prerequisite for developing sound alternative nematode control strategies, such as vaccination and breeding for resistant populations based on genetic variations in the host genome. Evidence suggests that parasitic nematode infection elicits drastic changes in gene expression patterns in host cells. Gene expression profiling represents the first step in understanding of the mechanism underlying protective immunity and host resistance. In this chapter, we organize our discussion into four topics: 1) A summary of recent advances on alterations in cytokine expression profiles during nematode infection; 2) A discussion of gene expression patterns of cell adhesion molecules, such as collectins, galectins, and cadherins, and their possible roles in host immune responses; 3) The effect of mucins and mucin biosynthesis during nematode infection and cell-specific patterns of expression of select genes; and 4) Perturbations in pathways and regulatory networks during nematode infection. The gene expression data accumulated over years will provide insight into cattle-parasite interactions and protective immunity against gastro-intestinal nematodes. C1 [Li, Robert W.; Gasbarre, Louis C.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM robert.li@ars.usda.gov NR 97 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-631-9 PY 2010 BP 157 EP 178 PG 22 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BQP04 UT WOS:000281463200006 ER PT B AU Guerrero, FD Dowd, SE AF Guerrero, Felix D. Dowd, Scot E. BE LaMann, GV TI TICK G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS AS TARGETS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ACARICIDES SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS ACARI; SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; RESOURCE UNIPROT; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; IXODIDAE; RESISTANCE; CHANNELS; GPCRS; TOOL AB The GPCR class of receptors is a source of many pharmacologicals in human medicine and is still being pursued in research programs as promising targets for drug development. GPCRs have been identified in arthropods, and with the advent of expressed sequence tag (EST) and genome projects in the ticks Ixodes scapularis, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, there is an opportunity for mining these sequence databases to identify tick GPCRs. These tick GPCRs can be identified using GPCR-targeted bioinformatic approaches and investigated for their potential in the development of novel tick control chemical technologies. There is precedence for developing acaricides targeting membrane-associated proteins like the GPCR family, as the pyrethroid, formamidine, and macrocyclic lactone families of acaricides target membrane-associated proteins. Current acaricides are becoming less efficacious due to problems with resistance and new chemistries which attack new targets are desperately needed by the cattle industry. We have used bioinformatics approaches to identify and classify putative tick-specific GPCRs in our R. microplus gene index of assembled EST sequences. Opportunities for using high throughput screening approaches are identified and discussed which can facilitate discovery of chemical compounds which inactivate the GPCR and can serve as an acaricide. C1 [Guerrero, Felix D.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Dowd, Scot E.] Res & Testing Lab, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-631-9 PY 2010 BP 241 EP 250 PG 10 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA BQP04 UT WOS:000281463200011 ER PT J AU Arzt, J White, WR Thomsen, BV Brown, CC AF Arzt, J. White, W. R. Thomsen, B. V. Brown, C. C. TI Agricultural Diseases on the Move Early in the Third Millennium SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; climate change; disease; epidemiology; globalization; trends; transboundary; foot-and-mouth disease ID RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; AFRICAN-SWINE-FEVER; MOUTH-DISEASE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; SAUDI-ARABIA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PANDEMIC STRAIN; CLINICAL SIGNS; SEROTYPE-O AB With few exceptions, the diseases that present the greatest risk to food animal production have been largely similar throughout the modern era of veterinary medicine. The current trend regarding the ever-increasing globalization of the trade of animals and animal products ensures that agricultural diseases will continue to follow legal and illegal trade patterns with increasing rapidity. Global climate changes have already had profound effects on the distribution of animal diseases, and it is an inevitable reality that continually evolving climatic parameters will further transform the ecology of numerous pathogens. In recent years, many agricultural diseases have given cause for concern regarding changes in distribution or severity. Foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, and African swine fever continue to cause serious problems. The expected announcement of the global eradication of rinderpest is one of the greatest successes of veterinary preventative medicine, yet the closely related disease peste des petits ruminants still spreads throughout the Middle East and Asia. The spread of novel strains of bluetongue virus across Europe is an ominous indicator that climate change is sure to influence trends in movement of agricultural diseases. Overall, veterinary practitioners and investigators are advised to not only maintain vigilance against the staple disease threats but to always be sufficiently broad-minded to expect the unexpected. C1 [Arzt, J.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [White, W. R.] APHIS, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY USA. [Thomsen, B. V.] APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Brown, C. C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Athens, GA USA. RP Arzt, J (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM jonathan.arzt@ars.usda.gov OI Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 NR 99 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 47 IS 1 SI SI BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1177/0300985809354350 PG 13 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 551OJ UT WOS:000274218600005 PM 20080480 ER PT S AU Wang, SY AF Wang, S. Y. BE Erkan, M Aksoy, U TI Maximizing Antioxidants in Fruits SO VI INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Postharvest Symposium CY APR 08-12, 2009 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE antioxidants; free radical; preharvest and postharvest factors; health benefits ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; UV-C IRRADIATION; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; FLAVONOID CONTENT; VITAMIN-C; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; SCAVENGING CAPACITY; ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT AB Fruits contain high levels of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins and phenols. These antioxidants are capable of performing a number of functions including free radical scavengers, peroxide decomposers, singlet and triplet oxygen quenchers, enzyme inhibitors, and synergists. Antioxidants can also delay or prevent the oxidation of lipids or other molecules by inhibiting the initiation or propagation of oxidizing chain reactions. Preharvest conditions such as climate, temperature, light intensity, soil type, compost mulching, fertilization, increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, and application of naturally occurring compounds, all can affect the antioxidant content and antioxidant activity of the harvested fruits. Other factors affecting antioxidant activities including crop genotype variation and maturity, culture practices, postharvest handling and storage are also discussed. Methods to maximize antioxidants in fruits such as improving selection criteria among different horticultural cultivars, improving preharvest conditions and postharvest handling are presented. C1 USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 93 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-613-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 877 BP 81 EP 93 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BGO20 UT WOS:000323614700005 ER PT S AU Amaro, AL Almeida, DPF Malcata, FX Beaulieu, JC Stein, RE AF Amaro, A. L. Almeida, D. P. F. Malcata, F. X. Beaulieu, J. C. Stein, R. E. BE Erkan, M Aksoy, U TI Volatile Composition and Quality of Fresh-Cut Cucumis melo var. Cantaloupensis and Inodorus as Affected by Modified and Controlled Atmospheres SO VI INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Postharvest Symposium CY APR 08-12, 2009 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE acetates; aroma profile; esters; firmness; melon; quality; respiration ID HONEYDEW; FRUIT; MATURATION; MATURITIES; STORAGE; GROWTH; ESTERS; CHUNKS; AROMA; DIPS AB Cantaloupensis melons are aromatic and fast senescing, whereas Inodorus have less odor and are slower senescing. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is used to reduce respiration rate and extend shelf-life but may alter the synthesis of volatile compounds. We assessed the effects of passive MAP and controlled atmosphere (CA; 5 kPa O-2 + 10 kPa CO2) upon quality and volatile production by fresh-cut 'Cantaloupe' and 'Honeydew' melons, stored at 5 C for 14 days. O-2 concentration inside the MAP packages decreased during the 14 days, to 11.1 and 14.2 kPa, in 'Cantaloupe' and 'Honeydew', respectively. CO2 levels increased to 11.3 and 7.9 kPa during storage, for 'Cantaloupe' and 'Honeydew', respectively. In MAP, during the first 4 days of storage, cantaloupe cubes softened at a higher rate (2.0 N.day(-1)) than 'Honeydew' cubes (0.9 N.day(-1)). Conversely in CA, fresh-cut 'Honeydew' softened faster (1.9 N.day(-1)) than fresh-cut 'Cantaloupe' (0.9 N.day(-1)) which, softened faster between days 4 and 7 (2.1 N.day(-1)). Initial 'Cantaloupe' respiration was 17.5 ml CO2 center dot kg(-1).h(-1), which increased to 63.8 and 43.4 ml CO2 center dot kg(-1).h(-1) when stored in CA and MAP, respectively. Initial respiration of 'Honeydew' melon was 7.7 ml CO2 center dot kg(-1).h(-1), and increased to 55.5 and 30.0 ml CO2 center dot kg(-1).h(-1) when stored in CA and MAP, respectively. Volatile compounds that are known to be flavor-important in melons, were extracted using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) and quantified via GC-MS. The production of acetate esters increased in both melons stored in MAP, but decreased in 'Cantaloupe' under CA conditions. Non-acetate esters increased in both cultivars and storage conditions. Alcohols, initially more abundant in 'Honeydew', underwent a decrease throughout storage. Aldehydes, initially more abundant in 'Cantaloupe', decreased in both melons for MAP but not in 'Honeydew' stored in CA. Lower O-2 availability in fresh-cut fruit, stored under CA conditions utilized in this experiment, likely suppressed some of the acetate esters relevant to the aroma of fresh-cut melon. C1 [Amaro, A. L.; Almeida, D. P. F.; Malcata, F. X.] Univ Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Super Biotecnol, Rua Dr Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal. [Beaulieu, J. C.; Stein, R. E.] Southern Regional Res Ctr, Agr Res Service, USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Amaro, AL (reprint author), Univ Catolica Portuguesa, Escola Super Biotecnol, Rua Dr Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, P-4200072 Oporto, Portugal. RI Almeida, Domingos/F-1835-2010; OI Almeida, Domingos/0000-0001-8429-8585; Amaro, Ana/0000-0002-0857-8232; Beaulieu, John/0000-0001-7767-5901; Malcata, Francisco/0000-0003-3073-1659 FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia Portugal [SFRH/BD/39143/2007 PTDC/AGR-ALI/66144/2006] FX This work was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) through a PhD grant (ref. SFRH/BD/39143/2007) and a Project grant (PTDC/AGR-ALI/66144/2006) which also funded author Amaro to perform most of these analyses at USDA, ARS, SRRC in New Orleans. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-613-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 877 BP 603 EP 609 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BGO20 UT WOS:000323614700079 ER PT S AU Obenland, D Collin, S Sievert, J Fjeld, K Arpaia, ML AF Obenland, D. Collin, S. Sievert, J. Fjeld, K. Arpaia, M. L. BE Erkan, M Aksoy, U TI Relationship of Soluble Solids, Acidity and Aroma Volatiles to Flavor in Late-Season Navel Oranges SO VI INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Postharvest Symposium CY APR 08-12, 2009 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE sensory; hedonic; BrimA; sweetness; tartness AB Late-season navel oranges in California sometimes have poor flavor even though they have high soluble solids content (SSC) and are very sweet. The reasons for this low flavor quality were investigated by evaluating individual late-season navel oranges for sensory attributes and then measuring SSC, titratable acidity (TA) and aroma volatiles from juice taken from the same oranges. A wide range in hedonic scores from below a rating of 4 (dislike slightly) to above 8 (like very much) was obtained for the 95 fruit evaluated, although 78% of the fruit were above a rating of 6 (like slightly). Correlation coefficients calculated between the sensory and chemical (SSC, TA and flavor volatiles) attributes were mostly non-significant and, in every case, very low, indicating that there were no clearly identifiable reasons for the flavor differences observed among the individual fruit. Partial least squares analysis using the combined chemical data as a dependent variable came to a similar conclusion and was able to account for only 25% of the variation in the sensory data by using the chemical data. It is possible that components other than those that were evaluated were responsible for the flavor differences or that the fruit were too similar in taste for our sensory panel to accurately categorize on an individual fruit basis. C1 [Obenland, D.] USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. [Collin, S.; Sievert, J.; Fjeld, K.; Arpaia, M. L.] Univ Calif, Kearney Agr Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. RP Obenland, D (reprint author), USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-613-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 877 BP 749 EP 755 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BGO20 UT WOS:000323614700099 ER PT S AU Wisniewski, M Macarisin, D Droby, S AF Wisniewski, M. Macarisin, D. Droby, S. BE Erkan, M Aksoy, U TI Challenges and Opportunities for the Commercialization of Postharvest Biocontrol SO VI INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Postharvest Symposium CY APR 08-12, 2009 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE tritrophic interactions; mechanism of action; additives; integrated approaches; molecular biology ID YEAST CANDIDA SAKE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; ANTAGONISTIC YEASTS; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; FOOD-ADDITIVES; CITRUS-FRUIT; HOT-WATER; BROWN-ROT; DISEASES AB The past twenty years has seen the field of postharvest biocontrol evolve into a sophisticated science with global research programs worldwide, numerous yearly publications, patented technologies, and the development of new commercial products. The use of these products, however, still remains limited. The practical application of postharvest biocontrol has changed from a very classical view of using one organism to control another organism to a broader, more integrated approach where antagonists are combined with natural products, physical treatments, and used with both a pre- and postharvest application. These integrated approaches offer the potential of helping to overcome problems related to the performance of postharvest biocontrol agents and are generally used to increase reliability and efficacy. These integrated approaches, however, need to be standardized if they are to be readily adopted by industry. Continued research is needed on many aspects of the science and technology of postharvest biocontrol in order to integrate biocontrol agents into a combined pre- and postharvest production and handling system. The tools of molecular biology, such as genome sequences, microarrays, and genetic transformation now provide the ability to develop a better understanding of the mode of action of postharvest biocontrol agents as part of a tritrophic interaction between the host, antagonist, and pathogen. From an industrial viewpoint, knowledge regarding the short and long term effects of fermentation and packaging technologies on efficacy is still very rudimentary. These topics are reviewed with the objective of highlighting the barriers that need to be overcome for the widespread commercialization of postharvest bicontrol agents. C1 [Wisniewski, M.; Macarisin, D.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Droby, S.] ARO, Dept Postharvest Sci, Volcani Ctr, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. [Macarisin, D.] World Food Presentat Ctr, LLC, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-613-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 877 BP 1577 EP 1582 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BGO20 UT WOS:000323614700217 ER PT S AU Yin-Chih, L Imsabai, W Reid, MS Wagstaff, C Cai-Zhong, J AF Yin-Chih, L. Imsabai, W. Reid, M. S. Wagstaff, C. Cai-Zhong, J. BE Erkan, M Aksoy, U TI A Universal Primer for Isolation of Fragments of a Gene Encoding Phytoene Desaturase for Use in Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Studies SO VI INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Postharvest Symposium CY APR 08-12, 2009 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE PDS (phytoene desaturase); VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing); TRV (tobacco rattle virus); PCR ID PLANTS AB We have been using Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) to test the function of genes that are candidates for involvement in floral senescence. Although VIGS is a powerful tool for assaying the effects of gene silencing in plants, relatively few taxa have been studied using this approach, and most that have are in the Solanaceae. We typically use silencing of phytoene desaturase (PDS) in preliminary tests of the feasibility of using VIGS. Silencing this gene, whose product is involved in carotene biosynthesis, results in a characteristic photobleaching phenotype in the leaves. We have found that efficient silencing requires the use of fragments that are more than 90% homologous to the target gene. To simplify testing the effectiveness of VIGS in a range of species, we designed a set of universal primers to a region of the PDS gene that is highly conserved among species, and that therefore allows an investigator to isolate a fragment of the homologous PDS gene from the species of interest. We report the sequences of these primers and the results of VIGS experiments in horticultural species from the Asteraceae, Leguminosae, Balsaminaceae and Solanaceae. C1 [Yin-Chih, L.; Imsabai, W.; Reid, M. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cai-Zhong, J.] Unvi Calif, USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. RP Yin-Chih, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU American Floral Endowment; USDA Floriculture Initiative; US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development [IS-3815-05]; BBSRC LINK; Vitacress Salads Ltd. (CW). FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the American Floral Endowment, the USDA Floriculture Initiative, and the US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development (BARD, IS-3815-05) and a BBSRC LINK grant in collaboration with Vitacress Salads Ltd. (CW). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-613-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 877 BP 1697 EP 1703 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BGO20 UT WOS:000323614700233 ER PT S AU Macnish, AJ Reid, MS Marrero, A Jiang, CZ AF Macnish, A. J. Reid, M. S. Marrero, A. Jiang, C-Z BE Erkan, M Aksoy, U TI Improving the Postharvest Performance of Bird-of-Paradise Flowers SO VI INTERNATIONAL POSTHARVEST SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Postharvest Symposium CY APR 08-12, 2009 CL Antalya, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE chilling; cytokinin; ethylene; gibberellic acid; sucrose; temperature; thidiazuron ID LEAF SENESCENCE; VASE LIFE; THIDIAZURON; CUT; INFLORESCENCES; STORAGE; CYTOKININS; INHIBITOR; PLANTS AB The postharvest life of Strelitzia reginae (bird-of-paradise) inflorescences is limited by the opening and longevity of individual florets, and an apparent susceptibility to chilling injury. In the current study, we found that pulsing cut stems with 500 mu M thidiazuron (TDZ) for 24 hours at 20 degrees C extended floret longevity by 2.3-3.2 days (20-30%). Pulsing with TDZ plus 20% sucrose increased the number of florets that opened from 1.0 (control) to 2.0 per inflorescence. We also showed that exposing stems to 1 mu l/L ethylene for 24 hours at 20 degrees C reduced floret longevity by 5.5 days (43%) relative to control stems. Pre-treatment with inhibitors of ethylene action (500 nl/L 1-methylcyclopropene or 0.2 mM silver thiosulfate) for 6 hours at 20 degrees C reduced the ethylene-related loss in floret life. Short-term (7 days) storage at 0 degrees C did not cause chilling injury to bracts and florets and reduced the loss in vase life associated with storage at 10, 20 or 25 degrees C. Storage at 0 degrees C for 21 and 28 days resulted in chilling injury. Taken together, our findings highlight the potential for TDZ and sucrose pulsing, anti-ethylene treatments, and shipment at low temperature to improve the postharvest performance of bird-of-paradise inflorescences. C1 [Macnish, A. J.; Reid, M. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jiang, C-Z] Univ Calif, USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. RP Macnish, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Jiang, Cai-Zhong/0000-0002-5972-7963 FU Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain [PR2008-0119]; American Floral Endowment; USDA Floriculture Initiative FX Antonio Marrero was the recipient of a Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain research scholarship number PR2008-0119. We also acknowledge the American Floral Endowment and the USDA Floriculture Initiative for partial funding of this study. We thank Mellano and Company, San Diego, California for supplying flowers, and Sireena Chieng for technical assistance with experiments NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-613-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 877 BP 1763 EP 1769 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Plant Sciences; Agriculture GA BGO20 UT WOS:000323614700242 ER PT S AU Bryla, DR Shireman, AD Machado, RMA AF Bryla, D. R. Shireman, A. D. Machado, R. M. A. BE Pestana, M Correia, PJ TI Effects of Method and Level of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Soil pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Availability of Ammonium and Nitrate in Blueberry SO VI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MINERAL NUTRITION OF FRUIT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Crops CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Faro, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Vaccinium corymbosum; ammonium; electrical conductivity; nitrate; soil pH ID HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) require low soil pH and prefer N primarily as NH4+ for optimum production. Nitrogen fertilizer methods and rates were evaluated in a new field of 'Bluecrop' blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to determine their effects on soil pH and availability of NH4+ and NO3- in soil solution. Treatments included four application methods (split fertigation, continuous fertigation, and two non-fertigated controls) and four rates of N application (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg.ha(-1) N). Fertigation treatments were irrigated by drip and injected with liquid urea fertilizer; split fertigation was applied as a triple-split from April to June while continuous fertigation was applied weekly from leaf emergence to approximate to 2 months prior to the end of the growing season. Non-fertigated controls were fertilized with a triple-split of granular ammonium sulfate and irrigated by drip or microsprays. Soil pH was usually lower with microsprays than with drip, even when no N fertilizer was applied; however, soil pH was also reduced with higher N applications and, in fact, was similar between continuous fertigation and granular fertilizer (microspray) treatments when 150 kg.ha(-1) N was added. Nitrogen application with granular fertilizer, whether irrigated by microspray or drip, maintained much higher NH4+ concentrations than continuous or split fertigation but often increased electrical conductivity (salinity) of the soil solution (ECw) to >2 dS.m(-1). By comparison, ECw was always <1.5 dS.m(-1) with either fertigation method. Granular N application coupled with microsprays also resulted in higher NO3- concentrations than any other treatment, which may lead to more N leaching since the ability of blueberry to acquire NO3--N is limited. C1 [Bryla, D. R.; Shireman, A. D.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. OI Machado, Rui/0000-0003-1238-6097 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 15 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66054-69-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 868 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDJ02 UT WOS:000313520000008 ER PT S AU Wood, BW AF Wood, B. W. BE Pestana, M Correia, PJ TI Nickel Deficiency Symptoms Are Influenced by Foliar Zn:Ni or Cu:Ni Concentration Ratio SO VI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MINERAL NUTRITION OF FRUIT CROPS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Crops CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Faro, PORTUGAL SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE copper; interactions; micronutrients; pecan; trace elements; toxicity; zinc; yield ID MOUSE-EAR; PECAN AB The occurrence of nickel (Ni) deficiency of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] in orchards is an increasingly common problem. There is uncertainly regarding the primary cause of the problem, as orchard soils have plenty of Ni. The influence of essential micronutrients on the endogenous bioavailability of Ni is unknown and is a possible factor triggering Ni deficiency. This study examines the linkage between Ni deficiency and endogenous foliar concentration of Ni, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). This relationship was tested in a greenhouse study using 'Desirable' seedlings trees growing in an orchard soil known to cause Ni deficiency in potted trees. Amendment of the potting soil with various amounts of either Zn-sulfate or Cu-sulfate produced seedling trees possessing a variety of Zn:Ni and Cu:Ni concentration ratios in developing foliage, and growth/morphological symptoms expressing various degrees of Ni deficiency. Severity of Ni deficiency was unrelated to foliar Ni concentration, but strongly linked to foliar Zn:Ni or Cu:Ni ratios. Deficiency symptoms increased sigmoidally with increasing Zn:Ni or Cu:Ni ratio, and were correctable, regardless of the Zn:Ni or Cu:Ni ratio, in seedling trees by foliar applications of Ni-malate extracted from Alyssum biomass. Thus, Zn and Cu in foliage can function antagonistically to reduce the bioavailability of Ni and therefore trigger expression of Ni deficiency. Soil Zn or Cu supplements did not detectably affect foliar Ni concentration; thus, root uptake does not appear to be inhibited by Zn or Cu. It is concluded that Ni deficiency in pecan orchards is likely to be partially due to either Zn or Cu fertilization-induced reductions in the physiological availability of Ni, perhaps via either competitive inhibition or sequestration. It is also concluded that long-term or excessive Zn and/or Cu fertilization of crops potentially triggers Ni deficiency through endogenous antagonisms; thus, potentially threatening the sustainability of commercial pecan enterprises. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66054-69-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 868 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDJ02 UT WOS:000313520000018 ER PT S AU Aradhya, M Woeste, K Velasco, D AF Aradhya, M. Woeste, K. Velasco, D. BE McNeil, DL TI Genetic Diversity, Structure and Differentiation in Cultivated Walnut (Juglans regia L.) SO VI INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Walnut Symposium CY FEB 25-27, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Int Soc Food, Agr & Environm (ISFAE) DE fixation index; gene diversity; heterozygosity; Juglans regia; molecular characterization; walnut ID JUGLANDACEAE; PHYLOGENY; MARKERS; POPULATIONS AB An analysis of genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated walnut (Juglans regia) using 15 microsatellite loci revealed a considerable amount of genetic variation with a mild genetic structure indicating five genetic groups corresponding to the centers of diversity within the home range of walnut in Eurasia. Despite the narrow genetic differentiation among groups accounting for only 10 to 15% of the total variation, the groups differed significantly with respect to frequency and composition of alleles for different loci. Moderate to high genetic variability with mild genetic structure is found to be ideal for association genetic analysis. C1 [Aradhya, M.; Velasco, D.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Woeste, K.] Purdue Univ, Hardwood Tree Improvement Ctr, US Forest Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Aradhya, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU California Walnut Board; University of California Discovery Grants FX This study was funded by the California Walnut Board and the University of California Discovery Grants. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-96-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 861 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDL68 UT WOS:000313675000016 ER PT S AU Ibrahimov, Z McGranahan, GH Leslie, CA Aradhya, M AF Ibrahimov, Z. McGranahan, G. H. Leslie, C. A. Aradhya, M. BE McNeil, DL TI Genetic Diversity in Walnut (Juglans regia) from the Caucasus Nation of Azerbaijan SO VI INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Walnut Symposium CY FEB 25-27, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Int Soc Food, Agr & Environm (ISFAE) DE forest farming; genetic differentiation; microsatellite polymorphism; Panmixia AB Analysis of genetic structure and differentiation using 12 microsatellite loci of six walnut populations, three each from the Greater Caucasus and the Talysh, revealed a moderate range of variation. The observed number of alleles ranged from 2 to 11 alleles with a mean of 5.6 alleles per locus. The populations differed significantly for the frequency and composition of alleles for ten out of twelve loci assayed, and the mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.0 to 4.6 with approximately 92% of the loci polymorphic. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity for different populations indicated that the populations conformed to Panmixia. The mean FST value indicates a significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting that there was significant differentiation among populations. The cluster analysis based on population pair-wise Nei's unbiased genetic distances and the distance Wagner tree indicated that the Talysh populations are significantly different from and placed as a sister group to the Caucasus populations. C1 [Ibrahimov, Z.] Azerbaijan Agr Acad, Ganja, Azerbaijan. [McGranahan, G. H.; Leslie, C. A.] Univ Calif, Plant Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Aradhya, M.] USDA Germplasm Repository, USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. RP Ibrahimov, Z (reprint author), Azerbaijan Agr Acad, Ganja, Azerbaijan. FU Plant Exploration Office, USDA- ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Genetic Resources Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan FX Funding for plant exploration in Azerbaijan was provided by the Plant Exploration Office, USDA- ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. The exploration was carried out in collaboration with the Genetic Resources Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-96-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 861 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDL68 UT WOS:000313675000021 ER PT S AU Van Sambeek, JW AF Van Sambeek, J. W. BE McNeil, DL TI Database for Estimating Tree Responses of Walnut and Other Hardwoods to Ground Cover Management Practices SO VI INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Walnut Symposium CY FEB 25-27, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Int Soc Food, Agr & Environm (ISFAE) DE black walnut; Juglans nigra L.; competition; weed control; legume cover crops; living mulches; grass competition; tillage ID SAPLINGS; GROWTH AB The ground cover in plantings of walnut and other hardwoods can substantially affect tree growth and seed production. The number of alternative ground covers that have been suggested for establishment in tree plantings far exceeds the number that have already been tested with walnut and other temperate hardwoods. Knowing how other hardwood species respond to ground covers and which have responses statistically similar to that for walnut would greatly expand our knowledge base for making predictions and recommendations for ground covers in hardwood plantings. Data from over 110 reports of which nearly half included walnut species were compiled into a spreadsheet. The spreadsheet database compares multi-year growth and nut or fruit production of trees growing in different ground covers to that of trees in plots either with little or no management of the weedy vegetation or vegetation-free plots maintained through cultivation, herbicides, or mulches. For most hardwoods with moderate growth rates, growth as a percentage of growth in vegetation-free treatments is similar to the reduction observed for walnut saplings and pole-sized trees managed with forage legumes and grasses. In general, forage grasses have a greater impact on tree growth than do forage legumes. Although frequently used as a method of competition control, mowing does not alleviate the negative impacts of most ground covers on tree growth. Additional studies will likely need to be done before predictions similar to those for growth can be made on the effect of ground covers on fruit or nut production. C1 US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, UMC, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Sambeek, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, UMC, 202 Nat Resource Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-96-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 861 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDL68 UT WOS:000313675000032 ER PT S AU Johnson, JA Mitcham, EJ Monzon, M Tang, J Wang, S AF Johnson, J. A. Mitcham, E. J. Monzon, M. Tang, J. Wang, S. BE McNeil, DL TI Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Postharvest Insect Disinfestation of California Walnuts SO VI INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Walnut Symposium CY FEB 25-27, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Int Soc Food, Agr & Environm (ISFAE) DE Juglans regia; navel orangeworm; Amyelois transitella; Indianmeal moth; Plodia interpunctella; codling moth; Cydia pomonella; red flour beetle; Tribolium castaneum ID RADIO-FREQUENCY TREATMENTS; NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; IN-SHELL WALNUTS; HEATING UNIFORMITY; PYRALIDAE; TEMPERATURE; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Before shipment, California inshell walnuts destined for the valuable export market must be disinfested of both field pests (codling moth and navel orangeworm) and common storage pests (Indianmeal moth and red flour beetle). Until recently fumigation with methyl bromide has been the most common disinfestation method, but access to methyl bromide is now greatly restricted in developed countries, causing walnut processors to seek alternative methods. In addition to alternative chemical fumigants, non-chemical physical treatments are being developed. One treatment uses radio frequency energy to rapidly heat walnuts to an average temperature of 60 degrees C for 5 minutes. Large-scale tests using an industrial radio frequency heater successfully disinfested walnuts of navel orangeworm while maintaining good product quality. A second alternative treatment is the use of cold storage (0-5 degrees C) to either disinfest product or prevent reinfestation of clean product. At temperatures of 0 and 5 degrees C, 95% mortality of test insects was achieved at 10 and 18 days, respectively. Storage at 10 degrees C prevented reproduction, product damage and reinfestation, but 127 day exposures were required to kill 95% of Indianmeal moth larvae. A third alternative treatment exposes product to a low pressure (vacuum) environment of 50 mm Hg in flexible polyvinyl chloride containers. Temperature and moisture content of the product strongly affects treatment efficacy, with complete mortality of test insects achieved at treatment exposures of 48 hours or less under optimal conditions. C1 [Johnson, J. A.] ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Mitcham, E. J.; Monzon, M.] Univ Calif, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA USA. [Tang, J.; Wang, S.] Washington State Univ, Biol Syst Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-96-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 861 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDL68 UT WOS:000313675000052 ER PT S AU Leslie, CA Seybold, SJ Graves, AD Cranshaw, W Tisserat, N AF Leslie, C. A. Seybold, S. J. Graves, A. D. Cranshaw, W. Tisserat, N. BE McNeil, DL TI Potential Impacts of Thousand Cankers Disease on Commercial Walnut Production and Walnut Germplasm Conservation SO VI INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Walnut Symposium CY FEB 25-27, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Int Soc Food, Agr & Environm (ISFAE) DE Geosmithia sp.; Juglans californica; Juglans hindsii; Juglans nigra; Juglans regia; Pityophthorus juglandis; walnut twig beetle AB Thousand cankers disease (TCD) is a recently identified insect/fungal disease complex responsible for mortality of eastern black walnut trees, Juglans nigra, planted in non-native areas of the western United States. The presence in California of both the insect vector, the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, and the fungal pathogen, a species of Geosmithia, raises concerns regarding the potential impact of the disease on commercial walnut production and the long term health of other walnut species native to California and American Southwest. Movement of the disease eastward could threaten native J. nigra populations in hardwood forests of the eastern United States. Identification of both the vector and the fungal pathogen of TCD from trees in the USDA Germplasm Collection near Davis, CA may impact ex situ germplasm management. C1 [Leslie, C. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Seybold, S. J.] Pacif Southwest Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Chem Ecol Forest Insects, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Graves, A. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Cranshaw, W.; Tisserat, N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagricultural Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Leslie, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-96-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 861 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDL68 UT WOS:000313675000059 ER PT S AU Hasey, JK Lampinen, BD Anderson, KK Grant, JA Caprile, JL Beede, RH Kluepfel, DA AF Hasey, J. K. Lampinen, B. D. Anderson, K. K. Grant, J. A. Caprile, J. L. Beede, R. H. Kluepfel, D. A. BE McNeil, DL TI Crown Gall Incidence: Seedling Paradox Walnut Rootstock versus Own-Rooted English Walnut Trees SO VI INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Walnut Symposium CY FEB 25-27, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Int Soc Food, Agr & Environm (ISFAE) DE Juglans hindsii x J. regia; walnut blackline; cherry leafroll virus; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; survey; micropropagated AB Seedling 'Paradox' (Juglans hindsii x J. regia) has been the rootstock of choice for English walnut in California because of its vigor and greater tolerance of wet soil conditions. However, seedling 'Paradox' rootstock is highly susceptible to crown gall, a disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In regions where tree death from walnut blackline disease (cherry leafroll virus) is prevalent, seedling English rootstock is used to avoid the hypersensitive response at the graft union associated with 'Paradox'. Own-rooted English walnut trees have replaced seedling English in the nursery trade and are now often used in counties where walnut blackline disease is severe. Early observations revealed no crown gall on own-rooted trees. In 2006-2007, we conducted a systematic statewide crown gall survey of own-rooted English walnut trees and 'Paradox' rooted walnut trees at five rootstock research sites and 14 commercial orchards planted in 2003 or earlier. Crown gall incidence was determined by visual inspection, and rated as present or absent at the crown level. Every own-rooted tree site was compared to 100 English trees on 'Paradox' rootstock growing within or near each site. Across the five research sites, seedling 'Paradox' had significantly more crown gall (20.5%) compared to the own-rooted trees (0.9%). The commercial orchards had a similar pattern with seedling 'Paradox' exhibiting 22.2% crown gall versus 0.3% in the own-rooted trees. C1 [Hasey, J. K.] Univ Calif, Yuba City, CA 95991 USA. [Anderson, K. K.] Univ Calif, Modesto, CA 95350 USA. [Caprile, J. L.] Univ Calif, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 USA. [Kluepfel, D. A.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beede, R. H.] Univ Calif Hanford, Hanford, CA 93230 USA. [Grant, J. A.] Univ Calif, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. [Lampinen, B. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hasey, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif, Yuba City, CA 95991 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-96-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 861 BP 453 EP 456 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDL68 UT WOS:000313675000064 ER PT S AU Kluepfel, DA McClean, AE Yakabe, LE Maccree, MM Parker, SR AF Kluepfel, D. A. McClean, A. E. Yakabe, L. E. Maccree, M. M. Parker, S. R. BE McNeil, DL TI Detection and Implication of Early Agrobacterium tumefaciens Infection of Paradox Seeds and Seedlings SO VI INTERNATIONAL WALNUT SYMPOSIUM SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Walnut Symposium CY FEB 25-27, 2009 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS), Int Soc Food, Agr & Environm (ISFAE) DE crown gall; walnut; systemic infection; bacterial endophyte ID SOIL AB Paradox (Juglans hindsii x J. regia), the dominant rootstock used in California, USA walnut production, has many desirable horticultural characteristics, but is highly susceptible to crown gall. Crown gall, caused by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is not consistently controlled with soil fumigation. This observation, in conjunction with observations of galls occurring in above ground grafting wounds, led to the hypothesis that A. tumefaciens inoculum may be endophytic in walnut seedlings. Paradox seeds collected directly from commercial Paradox mother trees (i.e., Juglans hindsii) were free of A. tumefaciens. Sampling conducted at multiple times during seed production revealed that seed-borne A. tumefaciens populations increased as a function of contact time with the orchard floor. In greenhouse experiments, seeds inoculated with A. tumefaciens produce seedlings with galls at the crown and/or roots in the absence of artificial wounding. Endophytic populations of A. tumefaciens were also found in shoot and root tissue. These data suggest that A. tumefaciens inoculum may exist as a resident endophyte and that timely seed collection, limiting contact with the orchard floor, may be an important first step in preventing crown gall disease of walnut. C1 [Kluepfel, D. A.; McClean, A. E.; Yakabe, L. E.; Maccree, M. M.; Parker, S. R.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kluepfel, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66052-96-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 861 BP 497 EP 500 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDL68 UT WOS:000313675000070 ER PT S AU Vargas, RI Shelly, TE Leblanc, L Pinero, JC AF Vargas, Roger I. Shelly, Todd E. Leblanc, Luc Pinero, Jaime C. BE Litwack, G TI RECENT ADVANCES IN METHYL EUGENOL AND CUE-LURE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FRUIT FLY DETECTION, MONITORING, AND CONTROL IN HAWAII SO VITAMINS AND HORMONES: PHEROMONES SE Vitamins and Hormones LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BACTROCERA-DORSALIS DIPTERA; MELON FLIES DIPTERA; RASPBERRY KETONE FORMATE; MALE-ANNIHILATION; BUCKET TRAPS; DACUS-CUCURBITAE; MATING SUCCESS; RECTAL GLANDS; FAGRAEA-BERTERIANA; NONTARGET INSECTS AB Worldwide, an important aspect of invasive insect pest management is more effective, safer detection and control systems. Phenyl propanoids are attractive to numerous species of Dacinae fruit flies. Methyl eugenol (ME) (4-allyl-1, 2-dimethoxybenzene-carboxylate), cue-lure (C-L) (4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone), and raspberry ketone (RK) (4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone) are powerful male-specific lures. Most evidence suggests a role of ME and C-L/RK in pheromone synthesis and mate attraction. ME and C-L/RK are used in current fruit fly programs for detection, monitoring, and control. During the Hawaii Area-Wide Pest Management Program in the interest of worker safety and convenience, liquid C-LIME and insecticide (i.e., naled and malathion) mixtures were replaced with solid lures and insecticides. Similarly, Male Annihilation Technique (MAT) with a sprayable Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology (SPLAT), in combination with ME (against Bactrocera dorsalis, oriental fruit fly) or C-L/RK (against B. cucurbitae, melon fly), and the reduced-risk insecticide, spinosad, was developed for area-wide suppression of fruit flies. The nontarget effects of ME and C-L/RK to native invertebrates were examined. Although weak attractiveness was recorded to flower-visiting insects, including bees and syrphid flies, by ME, effects to native Drosophila and other Hawaiian endemics were found to be minimal. These results suggested that the majority of previously published records, including those of endemic Drosophilidae, were actually for attraction to dead flies inside fruit fly traps. Endemic insect attraction was not an issue with C-L/RK, because B. cucurbitae were rarely found in endemic environments. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. C1 [Vargas, Roger I.] ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. [Shelly, Todd E.] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI USA. [Leblanc, Luc; Pinero, Jaime C.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Pinero, Jaime C.] Lincoln Univ Missouri, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. NR 106 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0083-6729 BN 978-0-12-381516-3 J9 VITAM HORM JI Vitam. Horm. PY 2010 VL 83 BP 575 EP 595 DI 10.1016/S0083-6729(10)83023-7 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BRB26 UT WOS:000282301000023 PM 20831962 ER PT J AU Robinson, JRC Michelsen, AM Gollehon, NR AF Robinson, John R. C. Michelsen, Ari M. Gollehon, Noel R. TI Mitigating water shortages in a multiple risk environment SO WATER POLICY LA English DT Article DE Agricultural diversification; Irrigation; Irrigation water; Mexico; Optimization; Rio Grande; Risk management; Water shortages; Water values ID KLAMATH BASIN AB This paper estimates the economic value of irrigation water shortfalls and mitigation responses of farmers in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. The water shortage levels closely correspond to supply shortfalls experienced by the U.S. during the 1990s when Mexico fell behind on treaty delivery obligations. We identify and evaluate a range of crop choices, appropriate irrigation technology use, water source substitution, and other mitigation strategies used by farmers to deal with water shortages. The effects of exogenous crop price and yield risk, as well as other structural considerations are incorporated in the estimation of the marginal value of irrigation water. Results show that South Texas farmers react to risk by diversifying their crop mix, with implications for the imputed value of water and soil resources. The inclusion of exogenous risk refines the prediction of what decision makers would have grown assuming strict Mexican treaty compliance. The resulting marginal values reflect grower adjustments for risk using crop mix, irrigation level, and irrigation technology. The aggregate damage estimates using this approach are realistically smaller than previous damage estimates that were based on fixed cropping patterns and average water values. C1 [Robinson, John R. C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Michelsen, Ari M.] Texas A&M Res Ctr, El Paso, TX USA. [Gollehon, Noel R.] USDA ERS, Resource & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC USA. RP Robinson, JRC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jrcr@tamu.edu FU USDA-ERS; Texas Agricultural Experiment Station; USDA-CSREES Rio Grande Basis Initiative FX This research was supported by a Cooperative Agreement between the USDA-ERS and the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station with additional support provided by the USDA-CSREES Rio Grande Basis Initiative through the Texas Water Resources Institute. The views expressed in this report are the authors and do not necessarily express the views or policies of the Texas A&M University System or the USDA. The authors express thanks to Ron Lacewell, Ed Rister, and Allen Sturdivant for helpful comments on this manuscript, as well as to Caroline Gleaton for manuscript preparation. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 18 PU I W A PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1366-7017 J9 WATER POLICY JI Water Policy PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 114 EP 128 DI 10.2166/wp.2009.099 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 548UC UT WOS:000273992000007 ER PT J AU Royo-Esnal, A Torra, J Conesa, JA Forcella, F Recasens, J AF Royo-Esnal, Aritz Torra, Joel Antoni Conesa, Josep Forcella, Frank Recasens, Jordi TI Modeling the Emergence of Three Arable Bedstraw (Galium) Species SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cleavers; corn cleavers; degree days; hydrothermal time; Weibull function ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE; APARINE L; CATCHWEED BEDSTRAW; SPURIUM L; GERMINATION; POPULATIONS; TRICORNUTUM; GROWTH AB Multiyear Field data from Spain were used to model seedling emergence for three bedstraw species (Galium) that can coexist in winter cereal fields. The relationships between cumulative emergence and both growing degree days (GDD) and hydrothermal time (HTT) in soil were analyzed as sigmoid growth functions (Weibull). Iterations of base temperature and base water potential were used to optimize the HTT scale. All species were well described with Weibull functions. Both GDD and HTT models provided good descriptions of catchweed bedstraw emergence, as its seedlings have less dependence on soil water potential than false cleavers and threehorn bedstraw, which were described best with HTT. The HTT model for catchweed bedstraw was validated Successfully With independent data from the United Kingdom. The models may be useful for predicting bedstraw emergence in semiarid Mediterranean regions and elsewhere. C1 [Royo-Esnal, Aritz; Torra, Joel; Antoni Conesa, Josep; Recasens, Jordi] Univ Lleida, Dept Hortofruticultura Bot & Jardineria, ETSEA, Lleida 25198, Spain. [Forcella, Frank] ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Royo-Esnal, A (reprint author), Univ Lleida, Dept Hortofruticultura Bot & Jardineria, ETSEA, Avda Rovira Roure 191, Lleida 25198, Spain. EM aritz@hbj.udl.cat RI Royo-Esnal, Aritz/B-4174-2011; Torra, Joel/B-3959-2011; Recasens, Jordi/B-3970-2011 OI Royo-Esnal, Aritz/0000-0003-2534-8372; Torra, Joel/0000-0002-8666-6780; Recasens, Jordi/0000-0002-8799-9958 FU Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [AGL2004-04836/AGR] FX Special thanks to Angels Blazquez and Monica Fernandez for their help during the experimental work, Dr. Jonathan Storkey, who supplied the U.K. weather data, and Dr. Kurt Spokas for assistance with STM2. This work was Supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (AGL2004-04836/AGR). Particular thanks are extended to Dr. Paula Westerman for her help. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 10 EP 15 DI 10.1614/WS-09-063.1 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 548UR UT WOS:000273994100002 ER PT J AU Webster, TM Sosnoskie, LM AF Webster, Theodore M. Sosnoskie, Lynn M. TI Loss of Glyphosate Efficacy: A Changing Weed Spectrum in Georgia Cotton SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Amaranthus palmeri; Benghal dayflower; Commelina benghalensis; glyphosate; herbicide resistance; herbicide tolerance; Palmer amaranth; tragedy of the commons; tropical spiderwort ID AMARANTH AMARANTHUS-PALMERI; SPIDERWORT COMMELINA-BENGHALENSIS; RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; CRITICAL PERIOD; UNITED-STATES; TRAGEDY; COMMONS; INTERFERENCE AB Introduction of glyphosate resistance into crops through genetic modification has revolutionized crop protection. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide with favorable environmental characteristics and effective broad-spectrum weed control that has greatly improved crop protection efficiency. However, in less than a decade, the utility Of this technology is threatened by the Occurrence of glyphosate-tolerant and glyphosate-resistant weed species. Factors that have contributed to this shift in weed species composition ill Georgia cotton production are reviewed, along with the implications of continued overreliance on this technology. potential scenarios for managing glyphosate-resistant populations, as well as implications on the role of various sectors for dealing with this purported tragedy of the commons, are presented. Benghal dayflower, a glyphosate-tolerant species, Continues to spread through Georgia and Surrounding states, whereas glyphosate susceptibility in Palmer amaranth is endangered in Georgia and other cotton-producing states in the southern United States. Improved understanding of how glyphosate Susceptibility in our weed species spectrum was compromised (either through occurrence of herbicide-tolerant or -resistant weed species) may allow Lis to avoid repeating these mistakes with the next herbicide-resistant technology. C1 [Webster, Theodore M.] ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Webster, TM (reprint author), ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM ted.webster@ars.usda.gov RI Webster, Theodore/A-4468-2009; Sosnoskie, Lynn/A-8854-2014 OI Webster, Theodore/0000-0002-8259-2059; Sosnoskie, Lynn/0000-0002-1892-7934 NR 89 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 22 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1614/WS-09-058.1 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 548UR UT WOS:000273994100011 ER PT J AU Johnson, WC Prostko, EP Mullinix, BG AF Johnson, W. Carroll, III Prostko, Eric P. Mullinix, Benjamin G., Jr. TI Annual Grass Control in Strip-Tillage Peanut Production with Delayed Applications of Pendimethalin SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conservation tillage; groundnut; southern crabgrass; Texas panicum ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA; DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES; INTERFERENCE; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR AB In strip-tillage peanut production, situations Occur when dinitroaniline herbicides are not applied in a timely manner. In these cases, dinitroaniline herbicides would be applied days or weeks after seeding. However, there is no information that documents the effects of delayed applications on weed control. Trials were conducted in 2004, 2005, and 2007 in Georgia to determine the weed control efficacy of delayed applications of pendimethalin in strip-tillage peanut production. Treatments included seven timings of pendimethalin application and three pendimethalin-containing herbicide combinations. Timings of application were immediately after seeding (PRE), vegetative emergence of peanut (VE), 1 wk after VE (VE+1wk), VE+2wk, VE+3wk, VE+4wk, and a nontreated control. Pendimethalin containing herbicide programs included pendimethalin plus paraquat, pendimethalin plus imazapic, and pendimethalin alone. Among the possible treatment combinations was a current producer standard timing for nonpendimethalin weed control programs in peanut, which was either imazapic or paraquat alone applied VE+3wk. Pendimethalin alone did not effectively control Texas millet regardless of time of application (69 to 77%), whereas southern crabgrass was controlled by pendimethalin alone PRE. (87%). Delayed applications of pendimethalin controlled Texas millet and Southern crabgrass when combined with either paraquat or imazapic, with imazapic being the preferred combination due to better efficacy on southern crabgrass than paraquat at most delayed applications. Peanut yield was improved when any of the herbicide combinations were applied PRE compared to later applications. Across all times of application, pendimethalin Plus imazapic effectively maximized peanut yield with interference from annual grasses. C1 [Johnson, W. Carroll, III; Prostko, Eric P.; Mullinix, Benjamin G., Jr.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Johnson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Carroll.Johnson@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1614/WT-08-133.1 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 564AP UT WOS:000275183200001 ER PT J AU Page-Dumroese, DS Jurgensen, M Terry, T AF Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Jurgensen, Martin Terry, Thomas TI Maintaining Soil Productivity during Forest or Biomass-to-Energy Thinning Harvests in the Western United States SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Biomass Utilization - Impact on Forest Resources CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Spokane, WA DE thinning; best management practices (BMP); site productivity; soil management ID MIXED-CONIFER STANDS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR; GROWTH-RESPONSE; SIERRA-NEVADA; SITE PRODUCTIVITY; NUTRIENT RELEASE; LITTER REMOVAL; WATER-CONTENT AB Forest biomass thinnings, to promote forest health or for energy production, can potentially impact the soil resource by altering soil physical, chemical, and/or biological properties. The extent and degree of impacts within a harvest unit or across a watershed will subsequently determine if site or soil productivity is affected. Although the impacts of stand removal on soil properties in the western United States have been documented, much less is known on periodic removals of biomass by thinnings or other partial cutting practices. However, basic recommendations and findings derived from stand-removal studies are also applicable to guide biomass thinnings for forest health, fuel reduction, or energy production. These are summarized as follows: (1) thinning operations are less likely to cause significant soil compaction than a stand-removal harvest, (2) risk-rating systems that evaluate soil susceptibility to compaction or nutrient losses from organic or mineral topsoil removal can help guide management practices, (3) using designated or existing harvesting traffic lanes and leaving some thinning residue in high traffic areas can reduce soil compaction on a stand basis, and (4) coarse-textured low fertility soils have greater risk of nutrient limitations resulting from whole-tree thinning removals than finer textured soils with higher fertility levels. C1 [Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Jurgensen, Martin] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Terry, Thomas] Weyerhaeuser Corp, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. [Terry, Thomas] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Stn, Olympia, WA 98516 USA. RP Page-Dumroese, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM ddumroese@fs.fed.us; mfjurgen@mtu.edu; taterry45@comcast.net NR 100 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 EI 1938-3770 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 544IA UT WOS:000273646800002 ER PT J AU Elliot, WJ AF Elliot, William J. TI Effects of Forest Biomass Use on Watershed Processes in the Western United States SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Biomass Utilization - Impact on Forest Resources CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Spokane, WA DE energy; wood fuel; timber harvest ID SEDIMENT CONCENTRATION; INFILTRATION CAPACITY; REDUCING EROSION; ROADS; IDAHO AB As society looks to our nation's forests as sources of energy, there is a risk of increased runoff and erosion. This report gives an overview of watershed processes, discusses the impacts of biomass removal on those processes, provides some guidelines to minimize adverse impacts, and describes an approach for estimating the effects of biomass removal an soil erosion. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Elliot, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow Forestry Sci Lab, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM welliot@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 12 EP 17 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 544IA UT WOS:000273646800003 ER PT J AU Farr, AK Atkins, D AF Farr, Angela K. Atkins, David TI Fuel Supply Planning for Small-Scale Biomass Heating Systems SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Biomass Utilization - Impact on Forest Resources CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Spokane, WA DE biomass supply assessment; biomass fuel production; biomass heat; biomass boiler fuel AB The Fuels for Schools and Beyond initiative partners have gained experience assisting with installation and fuel supply planning for woody biomass heating systems in six western states. In attempting to use forest management waste or slash that would otherwise be piled and burned, the partners are promoting changes in currently available biomass systems technology and current forest practices. The many benefits of forest biomass heat can be realized today with careful communication about fuel supply specifications. Guidance based on the partners' experience in fuel supply planning and defining fuel specifications is presented. C1 [Farr, Angela K.] Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Div Forestry, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. [Atkins, David] US Forest Serv, S&PF, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Farr, AK (reprint author), Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Div Forestry, 2705 Spurgin Rd, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. EM afarr@mt.gov; datkins@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 18 EP 21 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 544IA UT WOS:000273646800004 ER PT J AU Sutherland, S Nelson, CR AF Sutherland, Steve Nelson, Cara R. TI Nonnative Plant Response to Silvicultural Treatments: A Model Based on Disturbance, Propagule Pressure, and Competitive Abilities SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Biomass Utilization - Impact on Forest Resources CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Spokane, WA DE competition; disturbance; propagule pressure; exotics; invasives ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; UNDERSTORY VEGETATION RESPONSE; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; SOIL SEED BANKS; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; MANAGED FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON AB Invasion by normative plants can result in substantial adverse effects on the functions of native forest ecosystems, including nutrient cycling and fire regimes. Thus, forest managers need to be aware of the potential impacts of management activities, including silvicultural treatments, on normative vegetation. To aid in that effort, we created a conceptual model of potential responses of normative plants to silvicultural treatments, used the model to make a general set of predictions, and tested our predictions against observed responses published in the scientific literature. Of a total of 42 studies that addressed the effects of silvicultural treatments on normative plants, 90% found a posttreatment increase in at least one normative plant species. All of the studies that assessed the effect of disturbance intensity on normative plants found that invasion success increased with increasing disturbance intensity or number of management entries. As predicted by the model, there was substantial among-species and among-site variation in normative plant responses to silvicultural treatments; variation in responses were probably driven by local conditions including propagule pressure, condition of the forest community, or characteristics of the local flora (native and normative species). Because species- and location-specific changes in normative plants are dependent on local conditions, local knowledge is important for predicting invasion potential. In addition, monitoring is essential for early detection of postharvest invasions and/or expansions of normative plants. C1 [Nelson, Cara R.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Sutherland, Steve] US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Nelson, CR (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM cara.nelson@umontana.edu NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 544IA UT WOS:000273646800006 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, ED Holsinger, L Keane, R AF Reinhardt, Elizabeth D. Holsinger, Lisa Keane, Robert TI Effects of Biomass Removal Treatments on Stand-Level Fire Characteristics in Major Forest Types of the Northern Rocky Mountains SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forest Biomass Utilization - Impact on Forest Resources CY MAY 14-14, 2008 CL Spokane, WA DE fire hazard; fuel treatment; whole tree harvest; mastication; fire behavior; fire effects ID PRINCIPLES AB Removal of dead and live biomass from forested stands affects subsequent fuel dynamics and fire potential. The amount of material left onsite after biomass removal operations can influence the intensity and severity of subsequent unplanned wildfires or prescribed burns. We developed a set of biomass removal treatment scenarios and simulated their effects on a number of stands that represent two major forests types of the northern Rocky Mountains: lodgepole and ponderosa pine. The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator was used to simulate effects including stand development, fire behavior, and fire effects prior to the biomass removal treatment and 1, 10, 30, and 60 years after the treatment. Analysis of variance was used to determine whether these changes in fuel dynamics and fire potential differed significantly from each other. Results indicated that fire and fuel characteristics varied within and between forest types and depended on the nature of the treatment, as well as time since treatment. Biomass removal decreased fire potential in the short term, but results were mixed over the long term. C1 [Reinhardt, Elizabeth D.; Holsinger, Lisa; Keane, Robert] US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Reinhardt, ED (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Missoula Fire Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 5775 Hwy 10 W, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM ereinhardt@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 34 EP 41 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 544IA UT WOS:000273646800007 ER PT J AU Mauldin, RE Savarie, PJ AF Mauldin, Richard E. Savarie, Peter J. TI Acetaminophen as an oral toxicant for Nile monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) and Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acetaminophen; Burmese python; Florida; invasive species; Nile monitor; Python molurus bivittatus; Varanus niloticus ID BROWN TREE SNAKES; TREESNAKES; GUAM; PARACETAMOL; TOXICITY; ACID AB Context. Invasive species are a growing global problem. Biological invasions can result in numerous harmful impacts on local ecologies, and non-native herpetofauna are frequently ignored. Nile monitor lizards (Varanus niloticus) and Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus, recently reassessed as Python bivittatus bivittatus), have become established in southern Florida. Both are large, semi-aquatic predators that pose serious threats to a variety of threatened and endangered species, as well as to the unique ecology of the area. Aims. Acetaminophen (CAS#103-90-2), a lethal oral toxicant for the invasive brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on Guam, was investigated as a possible toxicant in juvenile Burmese pythons and Nile monitors. Methods. Dead neonatal mouse (DNM) baits containing 0, 10, 20, or 40 mg acetaminophen were force-fed to Nile monitors, whereas DNM containing doses of 0, 20, 40, or 80 mg were freely consumed by Burmese pythons. Subjects were frequently observed post-treatment for general condition and position, with special attention paid to activity (if any), behaviour, respiration, bleeding, emesis, ataxia, and mortality. Key results. In Nile monitors, acetaminophen doses of 10, 20, or 40 mgresulted in 0, 50 and 100% mortality, respectively. In Burmese pythons, doses of 20, 40, or 80 mg resulted in 14.3, 85.7 and 100% mortality, respectively. No mortality was observed in control individuals of either species. A negative correlation between dosage (mg kg(-1)) and time-to-death was observed in both species. Dosages ranging from 522 to 2438 mg kg(-1) and 263 to 703 mg kg(-1) were uniformly lethal to monitors and pythons, respectively. Neither species exhibited signs of pain or discomfort following acetaminophen treatment. Conclusions. Acetaminophen is an effective toxicant in juvenile Nile monitors and Burmese pythons. Further investigation into acetaminophen toxicity in adults of these species is merited. Implications. Although further investigation into adult lethal dosages and strategies to optimise bait deployment while minimising secondary hazards is required, acetaminophen may have a role to play in the control of these invasive species in Florida. C1 [Mauldin, Richard E.; Savarie, Peter J.] USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Mauldin, RE (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Richard.E.Mauldin@usda.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 39 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 3 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1071/WR08168 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 615UQ UT WOS:000279163600005 ER PT J AU Gray, ME Thain, DS Cameron, EZ Miller, LA AF Gray, Meeghan E. Thain, David S. Cameron, Elissa Z. Miller, Lowell A. TI Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single-injection immunocontraceptive formulations SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE field study; GnRH vaccine; immunocontraception; population control; PZP vaccine; side effects; wild horses ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; PORCINE ZONA-PELLUCIDA; REMOTELY-DELIVERED IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION; GNRH VACCINE; OVULATORY CYCLES; GREAT-BASIN; SEX-RATIO; WILDLIFE; CONTRACEPTION; REPRODUCTION AB Context. Contraception is increasingly used as a management technique to reduce fertility in wildlife populations; however, the feasibility of contraceptive formulations has been limited until recently because they have required multiple treatments to achieve prolonged infertility. Aims. We tested the efficacy and evaluated potential side effects of two contraceptive formulations, a porcine zona pellucida (PZP) formulation, SpayVac (R) and a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) formulation GonaCon-B (TM), in a population of free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus). Both formulations were developed to provide several years of infertility with one injection. Methods. Females were treated in June 2005 with either GonaCon-B (n = 24), SpayVac (n = 20), adjuvant only (n = 22), or received no injection (n = 18). Females were monitored for fertility status year round for 3 years after treatment. Key results. Both contraceptive treatments significantly reduced fertility for 3 years. Fertility rates for GonaCon-B mares were 39%, 42% and 31%, respectively, and 37%, 50% and 44% for SpayVac mares. During the same seasons, 61%, 67% and 76% of control females were fertile. We found no significant effects from contraceptive treatment on the sex ratio of foals, birthing season or foal survival. Conclusions. These results demonstrated that both vaccines are capable of significantly reducing fertility for several years without boosters. Implications. Contraceptive vaccines examined in the present study represent a useful tool for the management of feral horses, because of their being efficacious for 3 years in the absence of booster immunisations. C1 [Gray, Meeghan E.; Thain, David S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Gray, Meeghan E.] Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Cameron, Elissa Z.] Univ Pretoria, Dept Zool & Entomol, Mammal Res Inst, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Miller, Lowell A.] USDA APHIS WS NWRC, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gray, ME (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, 1664 N Virginia St,MS 202, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM mgray@cabnr.unr.edu RI Cameron, Elissa/E-4280-2010; Cameron, Elissa/B-8053-2014 OI Cameron, Elissa/0000-0002-9243-0547 FU Nevada Arid Rangeland Initiative [NOA15353CG, 110615253BS, 140115253BS, 140215253BS]; Animal Behaviour Society [13215353BS] FX This research was funded by grants (NOA15353CG, 110615253BS, 140115253BS, 140215253BS) from the Nevada Arid Rangeland Initiative, Hatch Grant 13215353BS and a research grant from the Animal Behaviour Society. We thank the National Wildlife Research Center and ImmunoVaccine Technologies for providing all of the contraceptive formulations. We are grateful to anonymous land owners for access to their land for both treatment and observations. We thank Mike Holmes for managing the population and assisting with the research. We thank Joan Bauman from the St Louis Zoo Endocrinology Laboratory for her valuable guidance with the faecal hormone analysis. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 25 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 6 BP 475 EP 481 DI 10.1071/WR09175 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 667GQ UT WOS:000283181400004 ER PT J AU Delgado-Acevedo, J Zamorano, A DeYoung, RW Campbell, TA Hewitt, DG Long, DB AF Delgado-Acevedo, Johanna Zamorano, Angeline DeYoung, Randy W. Campbell, Tyler A. Hewitt, David G. Long, David B. TI Promiscuous mating in feral pigs (Sus scrofa) from Texas, USA SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; SOUTHERN TEXAS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; UNITED-STATES; MANAGEMENT; EVOLUTION; FEMALES; SWINE; PHARMACEUTICALS AB Context. Feral pigs represent a significant threat to agriculture and ecosystems and are disease reservoirs for pathogens affecting humans, livestock and other wildlife. Information on the behavioural ecology of feral pigs might increase the efficiency and effectiveness of management strategies. Aims. We assessed the frequency of promiscuous mating in relation to oestrous synchrony in feral pigs from southern Texas, USA, an agroecosystem with a widespread and well established population of feral pigs. An association between multiple paternity of single litters and synchrony of oestrous may indicate alternative mating strategies, such as mateguarding. Methods. We collected gravid sows at nine sites in southern Texas during 2005-07. We used a panel of DNA microsatellite markers to estimate frequency of multiple paternity and the distribution of male mating among litters of feral pigs. Conception dates were determined by fitting average fetal crown-rump measurements within litters to expected fetal development relative to gestation time. Key results. We found evidence of multiple paternity in 21 of 64 litters (33%) from seven of nine sites sampled. Synchrony of oestrous did not influence promiscuous mating, as we found multiple paternity at sites with synchronous and asynchronous oestrous. Males sired from 8 to 11 offspring at three sites where >10 litters were sampled. Mean litter size (5.4) was less than the best-fit value for the number of offspring, indicating that some males sired offspring with >= 2 females. Key conclusions. Feral pigs in Texas appear to be promiscuous under a range of demographic conditions, unlike wild boar and feral pigs in other regions. The ecological and behavioural factors affecting multiple paternity are not clear, but may include male-male competition, harassment avoidance, genetic benefits for offspring, response to macro-habitat conditions, or selection. Implications. A high incidence of sexual contact among individuals may increase the opportunity for diseases transmitted by oral or venereal routes, such as swine brucellosis and pseudorabies. In addition, fertility-control methods targeting males only are likely to be inefficient if female promiscuity is high; methods targeting females or both sexes jointly may be more effective. C1 [Delgado-Acevedo, Johanna; Zamorano, Angeline; DeYoung, Randy W.; Hewitt, David G.] Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. RP DeYoung, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Res Inst, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM randall.deyoung@tamuk.edu FU Texas A&M University-Kingsville University Research Council; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) [TEXR-2006-03606]; USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center FX We are grateful to M. Reidy, E. Wehland, L. Grassman, G. Timmons, D. Sanders, C. Kubala and Texas Wildlife Services for assistance with sample collection. We thank the many private and public land stewards who granted access to their properties, including the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Lower Rio Grande National Wildlife Refuge, Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Fort Hood Military Installation, King Ranch Inc., the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation, Texas Agrilife and the La Copita Research and Demonstration Area, Shining Ranch, Comanche Ranch, Kubala Family Ranch, and El Pintor Ranch. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Texas A&M University-Kingsville approved all procedures and we followed the guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists (Gannon and Sikes 2007). This research was supported by a Texas A&M University-Kingsville University Research Council grant, the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) Biology of Weedy and Invasive Species Program (Project TEXR-2006-03606), and the USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center. This is publication number 09-106 of the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 7 BP 539 EP 546 DI 10.1071/WR10052 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 695SG UT WOS:000285392300001 ER PT J AU Walter, WD Lavelle, MJ Fischer, JW Johnson, TL Hygnstrom, SE VerCauteren, KC AF Walter, W. David Lavelle, Michael J. Fischer, Justin W. Johnson, Therese L. Hygnstrom, Scott E. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Management of damage by elk (Cervus elaphus) in North America: a review SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Cervus elaphus; damage; ecosystem; elk; fence; fertility control; frightening; habituation; hazing; lethal; non-lethal; regeneration ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; LIVESTOCK PROTECTION DOGS; MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; FRIGHTENING DEVICE; VEHICLE COLLISIONS; WINTER RANGE; HABITAT USE; URBAN DEER AB Abundant populations of elk (Cervus elaphus) are cherished game in many regions of the world and also cause considerable human-wildlife conflicts through depredation on agriculture and speciality crops, lack of regeneration to native ecosystems, collisions with vehicles and transmission of disease between free-ranging and farmed hoofstock. Management of elk varies, depending on current and historical agency objectives, configuration of the landscapes elk occupy, public perception, population density and behaviour of elk. Selection of the method to manage elk often requires knowledge of timing of impacts, duration relief from elk damage is desired, cost-effectiveness of management activities, tolerance of impacts, public perception of management strategies and motivation or habituation of elk to determine the likelihood of success for a proposed management action. We reviewed methods that are available to control abundant populations of elk that include lethal (e.g. hunting, sharpshooting) and non-lethal (e.g. fertility control, frightening) options. We promote an integrated approach that incorporates the timely use of a variety of cost-effective methods to reduce impacts to tolerable levels. Lethal options that include regulated hunting, sharpshooting and aerial gunning vary by likelihood of success, duration needed for population reduction, cost to implement reduction and public perceptions. Several non-lethal options are available to affect population dynamics directly (e.g. fertility control, translocation), protect resources from damage (e.g. fences, repellents) or influence space use of elk on a regular basis (e.g. harassment, frightening, herding dogs, humans). Public perception should be considered by agencies that are looking for feasible methods to control populations of elk. Disturbance to residents or visitors of public property may influence methods of management employed. Future research should explore the duration of harassment needed to avert elk from sensitive areas and costs to implement such programs. Several methods in our review were implemented on deer and additional research on elk and other cervids in conflict with human interests would provide a much needed component to our understanding of management methods available for ungulate species. C1 [Walter, W. David; Lavelle, Michael J.; Fischer, Justin W.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Johnson, Therese L.] Rocky Mt Natl Pk, Estes Pk, CO 80517 USA. [Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Kurt.C.VerCauteren@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; National Park Service FX Support for this research was provided by the National Park Service, USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Special thanks go to H. Van Roekel and M. Howell for obtaining the literature and G. Clements and A. Hildreth for compiling and organising the database of literature used during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 255 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 14 U2 97 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 EI 1448-5494 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 8 BP 630 EP 646 DI 10.1071/WR10021 PG 17 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 697YY UT WOS:000285556900002 ER PT J AU Lance, NJ Breck, SW Sime, C Callahan, P Shivik, JA AF Lance, N. J. Breck, S. W. Sime, C. Callahan, P. Shivik, J. A. TI Biological, technical, and social aspects of applying electrified fladry for livestock protection from wolves (Canis lupus) SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WOLF DEPREDATION; ANIMALS; MANAGEMENT AB Context. Wolf predation on livestock can cause economic hardship for livestock producers as well as reduce tolerance for wolves. Lethal control of wolves is often controversial; thus, development of effective non-lethal methods for reducing wolf-livestock conflict is important. Electrified fladry is a new tool that is similar to fladry (i.e. a barrier system that scares wolves), but electrified fladry also incorporates an electric shock designed to decrease the potential for wolves to habituate to the barriers. Aim. Evaluation of electrified fladry requires understanding of its effectiveness relative to fladry and the costs and benefits of applying it in the field. Methods. By using captive wolves, we compared the effectiveness of electrified fladry v. fladry for protecting a food resource during 2-week trials. We then performed a field trial with electrified fladry for managing wolves in Montana, USA. We measured livestock depredation and wolf activity on six treatment and six control pastures, calculated the cost of installation and maintenance, and surveyed all study participants about application of electrified fladry. Key results. We found electrified fladry 2-10 times more effective than fladry at protecting food in captivity and that hunger increased the likelihood of wolves testing fladry barriers. In field trials, we installed 14.0 km of EF systems in treatment pastures and detected wolves twice in control pastures but never in the treatment pastures. No livestock were killed by wolves in treatment or control pastures. A completed electrified fladry system cost $2303 for the first km and $2032 for each additional km, and required 31.8 person-hours per kilometre to install. We observed 18 failures (i.e. electrified system stopped working) during a total of 394 days of use. In total, 83% of ranchers who used fladry would continue to use it under certain conditions, indicating some psychological benefit to users. Conclusions and implications. The present study has demonstrated that electrified fladry offers superior protection compared with non-electrified fladry; however, further field tests are warranted to help determine whether benefits outweigh costs. C1 [Lance, N. J.; Breck, S. W.; Shivik, J. A.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lance, N. J.; Shivik, J. A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lance, N. J.; Sime, C.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Butte, MT 59701 USA. [Callahan, P.] Wildlife Sci Ctr, Forest Lake, MN 55025 USA. RP Breck, SW (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM stewart.w.breck@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA-Wildlife Services-National Wildlife Research Center; Montana Fish; Wildlife Parks; USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service; Animal Welfare Institute FX Funding was provided by the USDA-Wildlife Services-National Wildlife Research Center, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, USDA-Natural Resource Conservation Service and the Animal Welfare Institute. Logistical support was provided by USDA-WS-Montana Program, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation. We thank S. Durham and M. Lewis for their valuable statistical and survey-design expertise, J. Fischer for help with GIS, and K. Malsom, M. Row, M. Buckman, J. Cade and B. Ebson for long hours and patience during daunting captures. In addition, we thank S. Courville for help with landowner relations, F. Provenza and two anonymous reviewers for input on earlier drafts, and many volunteers for help in the field. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 48 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 8 BP 708 EP 714 DI 10.1071/WR10022 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 697YY UT WOS:000285556900010 ER PT J AU Gehring, TM VerCauteren, KC Provost, ML Cellar, AC AF Gehring, Thomas M. VerCauteren, Kurt C. Provost, Megan L. Cellar, Anna C. TI Utility of livestock-protection dogs for deterring wildlife from cattle farms SO WILDLIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; coyote; grey wolf; livestock protection dog; mesopredators; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage management ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; GUARDING DOGS; DAMAGE MANAGEMENT; DOMESTIC SHEEP; WOLF; MICHIGAN; CONSERVATION; DEPREDATION; PREDATION AB Context. Livestock producers worldwide are negatively affected by livestock losses because of predators and wildlife-transmitted diseases. In the western Great Lakes Region of the United States, this conflict has increased as grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have served as a wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis). Aims. We conducted field experiments on cattle farms to evaluate the effectiveness of livestock-protection dogs (LPDs) for excluding wolves, coyotes (C. latrans), white-tailed deer and mesopredators from livestock pastures. Methods. We integrated LPDs on six cattle farms (treatment) and monitored wildlife use with tracking swaths on these farms, concurrent with three control cattle farms during 2005-2008. The amount of time deer spent in livestock pastures was recorded using direct observation. Key results. Livestock pastures protected by LPDs had reduced use by these wildlife compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs. White-tailed deer spent less time in livestock pastures protected by LPDs compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs. Conclusions. Our research supports the theory that LPDs can be an effective management tool for reducing predation and disease transmission. We also demonstrate that LPDs are not limited to being used only with sheep and goats; they can also be used to protect cattle. Implications. On the basis of our findings, we support the use of LPDs as a proactive management tool that producers can implement to minimise the threat of livestock depredations and transmission of disease from wildlife to livestock. LPDs should be investigated further as a more general conservation tool for protecting valuable wildlife, such as ground-nesting birds, that use livestock pastures and are affected by predators that use these pastures. C1 [Gehring, Thomas M.; Provost, Megan L.; Cellar, Anna C.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [VerCauteren, Kurt C.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gehring, TM (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Biol, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM gehri1tm@cmich.edu FU Central Michigan University; Central Michigan University College of Graduate Studies; USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center; USDA; Animal Welfare Institute; CITGO Petroleum, Inc.; Defenders of Wildlife; National Geographic Society-Conservation Trust FX Our study was funded by Central Michigan University (Research Excellence Fund Award), Central Michigan University College of Graduate Studies, USDA-APHIS-WS-National Wildlife Research Center, USDA-Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, Animal Welfare Institute (Christine Stevens Wildlife Award), CITGO Petroleum, Inc., Defenders of Wildlife, and National Geographic Society-Conservation Trust. Logistical support was provided by Michigan Department of Natural Resources & Environment, USA Forest Service, and the Warren family. We are grateful to livestock producers who participated in this study and to A. Boetcher, R. Brown, J. Detraz, K. Luzinski and J. Pejza for valuable field assistance. We thank B. Swanson, D. Uzarski and D. Woolnough for assistance with statistical analyses and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 73 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1035-3712 J9 WILDLIFE RES JI Wildl. Res. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 8 BP 715 EP 721 DI 10.1071/WR10023 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 697YY UT WOS:000285556900011 ER PT B AU Liu, GE Hou, YL Brown, T AF Liu, George E. Hou, Yali Brown, Twain BE Callaos, N Chu, HW Lesso, W Zinn, CD TI Analysis of CR1 repeats in the zebra finch genome SO WMSCI 2010: 14TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL IV (POST-CONFERENCE EDITION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE CR1 repeats; comparative genomics; zebra finch; genome ID CHICKEN GENOME; ELEMENTS AB Most bird species have smaller genomes and fewer repeats than mammals. Chicken Repeat 1 (CR1) repeat is one of the most abundant families of repeats, ranging from similar to 133,000 to similar to 187,000 copies accounting for similar to 50 to similar to 80% of the interspersed repeats in the zebra finch and chicken genomes, respectively. CR1 repeats are believed to have arisen from the retrotransposition of a small number of master elements, which gave rise to multiple CR1 subfamilies in the chicken. In this study, we performed a global assessment of the divergence distributions, phylogenies, and consensus sequences of CR1 repeats in the zebra finch genome. We identified and validated 34 CR1 subfamilies and further analyzed the correlation between these subfamilies. We also discovered 4 novel lineage-specific CR1 subfamilies in the zebra finch when compared to the chicken genome. We built various evolutionary trees of these subfamilies and concluded that CR1 repeats may play an important role in reshaping the structure of bird genomes. C1 [Liu, George E.; Hou, Yali; Brown, Twain] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hou, Yali] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-10-8 PY 2010 BP 132 EP 137 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG7LC UT WOS:000391419700028 ER PT J AU Williams, DL Tortu, S Thomson, J AF Williams, Donna L. Tortu, Stephanie Thomson, Jessica TI Factors Associated with Delays to Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in Women in a Louisiana Urban Safety Net Hospital SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; early detection; cancer disparities; mammography ID SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; FOLLOW-UP; MORTALITY; CARCINOMA; REDUCTION; SURVIVAL; PROJECT; IMPACT AB Only lung cancer surpasses breast cancer as a cause of death from cancer. However, the burden of cancer is not borne equally across racial and ethnic groups. In the United States, African American women have significantly higher mortality rates from breast cancer than white women. Delayed follow-up of breast abnormalities and delays from diagnosis to treatment may contribute to higher mortality. This study examined factors associated with delays to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in a group of white and African American women. Identified from tumor registry records were 247 women with pathology-confirmed first primary in situ and invasive breast carcinomas with no known previous cancer diagnosis. Factors associated with delays from provider recognition of abnormality to breast cancer diagnosis (diagnostic delays) and from diagnosis to treatment (treatment delays) were determined using chi-square tests and logistic regression. Factors that were considered included age, race, stage of disease at diagnosis, tumor size, type of abnormality, type of medical service at presentation, and prior mammogram within the past two years. The proportion of women experiencing diagnostic delays was high, with more African American women experiencing delays than white women (34% versus 17%, respectively). African American and white women did not differ in distribution of stage of cancer at diagnosis. Significantly smaller tumor sizes were found in women experiencing diagnostic delays compared to those not experiencing delays. Conversely, women experiencing treatment delays were significantly older and had larger tumor sizes compared to those not experiencing delays. More African American women experienced delays in diagnosis; however these delays did not appear to affect outcomes. Older age as a significant factor in treatment delays suggests that comorbidities as well as other possible barriers to treatment warrant further investigation in older women. The reasons for racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes remain and call for further study. C1 [Williams, Donna L.; Tortu, Stephanie] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. [Thomson, Jessica] ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Williams, DL (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, 1615 Poydras St,Suite 1400, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM DWilli3@lsuhsc.edu NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0363-0242 EI 1541-0331 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2010 VL 50 IS 8 BP 705 EP 718 AR PII 931304562 DI 10.1080/03630242.2010.530928 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 696DH UT WOS:000285421600001 PM 21170814 ER PT J AU Abou-Shanab, RAI van Berkum, P Angle, JS Delorme, TA Chaney, RL Ghozlan, HA Ghanem, K Moawad, H AF Abou-Shanab, R. A. I. van Berkum, P. Angle, J. S. Delorme, T. A. Chaney, R. L. Ghozlan, H. A. Ghanem, K. Moawad, H. TI Characterization of Ni-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere of the hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hyperaccumulator; Alyssum murale; Phytoremediation; Rhizosphere; Ni-resistant bacteria; PCR; 16S rDNA; ARDRA ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA; CONTAMINATED SOIL; THLASPI-CAERULESCENS; RHIZOBIUM-GALEGAE; INDIAN MUSTARD; DISTINCT TYPES; ACCUMULATION; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; SELENIUM AB The diversity of 184 isolates from rhizosphere and bulk soil samples taken from the Ni hyperaccumulator Alyssum murale, grown in a Ni-rich serpentine soil, was determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Restriction digestion of the 16S rRNA gene was used to identify 44 groups. Representatives of each of these groups were placed within the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. By combining the 16S rRNA gene restriction data with the gene sequence analysis it was concluded that 44.6% (82/184) of the isolates were placed within the phylum Proteobacteria, among these 35.9% (66/184) were placed within the class alpha-Proteobacteria, and 20.7% (38/184) had 16S rRNA gene sequences indicative of bacteria within genera that form symbioses with legumes (rhizobia). Of the remaining isolates, 44.6% (82/184) and 5.4% (10/184) were placed within the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, respectively. No placement was obtained for a small number (10/184) of the isolates. Bacteria of the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most numerous within the rhizosphere of A. murale and represented 32.1% (59/184) and 42.9% (79/184) of all isolates, respectively. The approach of using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in this study has enabled a comprehensive characterization of bacteria that predominate in the rhizosphere of A. murale growing in Ni-contaminated soil. C1 [Abou-Shanab, R. A. I.] Mubarak City Sci Res, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Genet Engn Inst, New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt. [van Berkum, P.; Chaney, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Angle, J. S.] Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Delorme, T. A.] Kent State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ashtabula, OH 44004 USA. [Ghozlan, H. A.; Ghanem, K.] Univ Alexandria, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Alexandria, Egypt. [Moawad, H.] Natl Res Ctr, Agr Microbiol Dept, Cairo, Egypt. RP Abou-Shanab, RAI (reprint author), Mubarak City Sci Res, Dept Environm Biotechnol, Genet Engn Inst, POB 21934, New Borg El Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt. EM redaabushanab@yahoo.com OI Abou-Shanab, Reda/0000-0002-3338-8094; moawad, hassan/0000-0002-7810-9562 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1007/s11274-009-0148-6 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 542GU UT WOS:000273481800013 ER PT S AU Ledbetter, CA AF Ledbetter, C. A. BE Xiloyannis, C TI Apricot Breeding in North America: Current Status and Future Prospects SO XIV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APRICOT BREEDING AND CULTURE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium on Apricot Breeding and Culture CY JUN 16-20, 2008 CL Matera, ITALY SP Int Soc Hort Sci (ISHS) DE Brix; California; cultivar; hybridization; interspecific; private; public AB For many North American consumers, apricot remains a little known and underappreciated fruit. Apricot tonnage and total harvested orchard area are increasing on a worldwide basis while both production and acreage have been declining in North America for several decades. This is in spite of the fact that approximately 50 new apricot cultivars have been released for production by North American breeders in the last 30 years. In California, the major growing region for apricot production in North America, acreage has now declined to slightly more than 5,200 ha, whereas nearly 40,000 ha of apricot once grew in California's orchards. Currently, there are only two publicly-funded apricot breeding efforts that remain active in North America. The present absence of PPV from North American apricot growing regions has allowed breeders to focus available resources on other important breeding criteria. An expanded ripening season is being pursued by both breeding efforts, as are the incorporation of novel flesh and skin characteristics into the locally adapted apricot selections. Late-bloom interval is also pursued in an effort to broaden apricot production regions as well as to improve crop reliability to growers in regions prone to late spring frosts. Funding for publicly-sponsored breeding programs has remained static while personnel and overhead costs associated with breeding have increased significantly in recent years. The lack of resources will undoubtedly limit publicly-sponsored apricot breeding efforts in the future. Private breeding efforts, funded by varietal tree sale royalties or other proprietary charges, may dominate North American apricot development in the near future. C1 ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Ledbetter, CA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Crop Dis Pests & Genet Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-66053-56-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2010 VL 862 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BDI97 UT WOS:000313516500012 ER PT S AU Ward, DM Nislow, KH Folt, CL AF Ward, Darren M. Nislow, Keith H. Folt, Carol L. BE Ostfeld, RS Schlesinger, WH TI Bioaccumulation syndrome: identifying factors that make some stream food webs prone to elevated mercury bioaccumulation SO YEAR IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2010 SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE biomagnification; methylmercury; stream fish; trace elements; trophic transfer ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATES; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; METHYL MERCURY; ATLANTIC SALMON; BOREAL FOREST; FISH CONSUMPTION; MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION AB Mercury is a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic ecosystems, posing a significant health risk to humans and wildlife that eat fish. Mercury accumulates in aquatic food webs as methylmercury (MeHg), a particularly toxic and persistent organic mercury compound. While mercury in the environment originates largely from anthropogenic activities, MeHg accumulation in freshwater aquatic food webs is not a simple function of local or regional mercury pollution inputs. Studies show that even sites with similar mercury inputs can produce fish with mercury concentrations ranging over an order of magnitude. While much of the foundational work to identify the drivers of variation in mercury accumulation has focused on freshwater lakes, mercury contamination in stream ecosystems is emerging as an important research area. Here, we review recent research on mercury accumulation in stream-dwelling organisms. Taking a hierarchical approach, we identify a suite of characteristics of individual consumers, food webs, streams, watersheds, and regions that are consistently associated with elevated MeHg concentrations in stream fish. We delineate a conceptual, mechanistic basis for explaining the ecological processes that underlie this vulnerability to MeHg. Key factors, including suppressed individual growth of consumers, low rates of primary and secondary production, hydrologic connection to methylation sites (e.g., wetlands), heavily forested catchments, and acidification are frequently associated with increased MeHg concentrations in fish across both streams and lakes. Hence, we propose that these interacting factors define a syndrome of characteristics that drive high MeHg production and bioaccumulation rates across these freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Finally, based on an understanding of the ecological drivers of MeHg accumulation, we identify situations when anthropogenic effects and management practices could significantly exacerbate or ameliorate MeHg accumulation in stream fish. C1 [Ward, Darren M.; Folt, Carol L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, HB 6044, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA USFS, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA USA. RP Ward, DM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, HB 6044, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM darren.ward@dartmouth.edu RI Ward, Darren/F-1203-2010 OI Ward, Darren/0000-0002-0049-5299 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07373, P42 ES007373, P42 ES007373-160016] NR 173 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 10 U2 89 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-791-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1195 BP 62 EP 83 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05456.x PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BRJ37 UT WOS:000282828200004 PM 20536817 ER PT J AU Klimaszewski, J Pace, R Center, TD Couture, J AF Klimaszewski, Jan Pace, Roberto Center, Ted D. Couture, Jerome TI A remarkable new species of Himalusa Pace from Thailand (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): phytophagous aleocharine beetle with potential for bio-control of skunkvine-related weeds in the United States SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Himalusa; Aleocharinae; Coleoptera; Thailand; new species; phytophagous; biological control; weeds; Paederia pilifera; sewer vine AB A new aleocharine species, Himalusa thailandensis Pace, Klimaszewski & Center sp. n., found feeding on sewer vine, Paederia pilifera Hook. f., in Thailand, is described and illustrated. This is the first record of the genus Himalusa for Thailand. Himalusa was previously known from the Himalayan region in Nepal where it was originally described. New data on bionomics and distribution are provided, including a discussion on the potential use of this species in the biological control of weeds in the United States. A short diagnosis, description, colour habitus images of adult and larva, and black and white genital images are provided. A key to the world species of Himalusa is also given. A new tribe Himalusini Klimaszewski, Pace & Center, is erected to accommodate Himalusa species. C1 [Klimaszewski, Jan; Couture, Jerome] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Center, Ted D.] ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Klimaszewski, J (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Laurentian Forestry Ctr, 1055 PEPS,POB 10380,Stn St Foy, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. EM jan.klimaszewski@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca RI Klimaszewski, Jan/E-6584-2010 FU Natural Resources Canada FX We thank Natural Resources Canada for supporting this project under the Biodiversity Program. We appreciate the assistance of Pamela Cheers (LFC) for editing the manuscript. Our colleague, Munetoshi Maruyama, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan, shared our interesting discussions regarding the potential relationship of Himalusa to other aleocharine taxa. We are extremely grateful to Amporn Winotai (Thailand Department of Agriculture) and Tony Wright (CSIRO, Australia) for invaluable field work in Thailand, for specimens, and for biological observations. We thank Bob Pemberton (IPRL) for providing specimens. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBLISHERS PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 35 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.3897/zookeys.35.329 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 566SB UT WOS:000275392200001 ER PT J AU Rightmyer, MG Griswold, T Arduser, MS AF Rightmyer, Molly G. Griswold, Terry Arduser, Michael S. TI A review of the non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, with additional notes on palearctic Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Review DE Bee; Apoidea; Megachilinae; Osmiini ID APOIDEA AB We review the six species of non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, including the description of two new species found in Canada and the northern United States: Osmia (Melanosmia) aquilonaria sp. n., and Osmia (Melanosmia) nearctica sp. n., respectively belonging to the inermis and xanthomelana species groups. We additionally provide keys to the non-metallic Melanosmia found in North America, and update keys to the palearctic Melanosmia based on study of the type specimens of Osmia disjuncta Tkalcu, O. ephippiata Smith, O. ishikawai Hirashima, and O. pamirensis Gussakovskij. C1 [Rightmyer, Molly G.; Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Arduser, Michael S.] Missouri Dept Conservat, St Charles, MO 63304 USA. RP Griswold, T (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, BNR 244,UMC 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM terry.griswold@ars.usda.gov FU Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University [8200] FX We are grateful to the individuals associated with the institutions listed above for providing access to the material described herein; in addition, we thank A. Muller (Zurich), D. Notton (London), K. Schneider (Halle), and O. Tadauchi (Fukuoka) for providing access to holotype and paratype material of palearctic Melanosmia. We thank H. Ikerd, E. Bourne, and C. Hunt for entering label data for these species into the U. S. National Pollinating Insects Database. Reviews by Lynnette Harris, Andreas Muller, Christophe Praz, Cory Sheffield, and an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated. This research was supported by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University, and approved as journal paper number 8200. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 60 BP 37 EP 77 DI 10.3897/zookeys.60.484 PG 41 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 683SM UT WOS:000284495500004 PM 21594200 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI A new species of Schinia Hubner from the southeastern United States (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Heliothinae) SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Southern coastal plain; East Gulf coastal plain; sand dunes; taxonomy AB Schinia psamathea sp. n. is described from the southern coastal plain in Georgia and the East Gulf coastal plain in Florida and Alabama in habitats associated with sandy soil or dunes. Adult males and females and their genitalia are described and illustrated. Schinia psamathea is compared to Schinia saturata (Grote). C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,NMNH,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM michael.pogue@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 52 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.3897/zookeys.52.476 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 662SM UT WOS:000282832300004 PM 21594126 ER PT J AU Buffington, ML AF Buffington, Matthew L. TI A revision of Ganaspidium Weld, 1952 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae, Eucoilinae): new species, bionomics, and distribution SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Eucoilinae; Liriomyza; Agromyzidae; new species; genus revision; species revision; parasitoid ID UTILIS HYMENOPTERA; LIRIOMYZA; AGROMYZIDAE; DIPTERA; CYNIPOIDEA; GENUS; WATERMELON AB The New World eucoiline genus Ganaspidium is revised. Species in this genus are parasitoids of some of the most pestiferous species of leaf-mining Agromyzidae (Diptera), including the notorious Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). The following new species are described: Ganaspidium didionae, G. eldiablo, G. flemingi, G. kolmaci, and G. konzaensis. Ganaspidium navajoe (Miller), comb. n., is recognized as junior synonym of G. pusillae Weld (syn. n.). Ganaspidium nigrimanus (Kieffer) and G. utilis Beardsley are removed from synonymy, and together with G. hunteri (Crawford), are now in Banacuniculus Buffington. Species of Ganaspidium are recorded from a wide geographic area within North America, and several species appear to be adapted to arid environments. New distribution data, new host records, and a key to known species are provided. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC USA. RP Buffington, ML (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, POB 30712 MRC 168,10th & Constitut Ave NW, Washington, DC USA. EM matt.buffington@ars.usda.gov FU NSF [DEB9712543] FX Thanks are given to Smithsonian Institution intern Jaime Choi and Systematic Entomology Laboratory Museum Specialist David Adamski for entering label data and labeling specimens; Joe Cora (Ohio State University) assisted with data management and digital map generation. Ricardo Hernandez (Texas A&M University (TAMU), College Station, Texas) sent specimens of Ganaspidium pusillae for identification and allowed me to keep them in the USNM; Robert Kula (Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), ARS/USDA) and Gregory Zolnerowich (Kansas State University) assisted with obtaining specimens from the Konza Prairie Reserve; Jennifer Read (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada), Robert Zuparko (California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California), Doug Yanega (Entomology Research Museum, UC Riverside, California), Ed Riley (Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas) and Steve Heydon (Bohart Museum, UC Davis, California) lent specimens critical to this research. Ted Buffington made the original artwork for Ganaspidium pusillae featured in Fig. 1; Smithsonian Institution interns Cristy Falcone and Nick Olson provided the environmental SEM image in Fig. 4; Shelah Morita (Smithsonian Institution) assisted with Larrea references. I also thank Robert Wharton, James Woolley, Jack Beardsley and Joan Didion for advice and positive influences over the years. Finally, I extend thanks to Steve Lingafelter (SEL) and Thomas Henry (SEL), John LaPolla (Towson University, Baltimore, Maryland), Mattias Forshage (Uppsala University), and two anonymous reviewers for constructive and useful comments to earlier drafts of this paper. Initial research for this project was begun under NSF PEET Grant # DEB9712543 awarded to Robert Wharton and James Woolley (Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas). I dedicate this paper to my late mother, Martha Elise Buffington. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 37 BP 81 EP 101 DI 10.3897/zookeys.37.311 PG 21 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 585FE UT WOS:000276809100006 ER PT J AU Rabaglia, RJ Knizek, M Johnson, W AF Rabaglia, Robert J. Knizek, Milos Johnson, Wood TI First records of Xyleborinus octiesdentatus (Murayama) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from North America SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Coleoptera Curculionidae; Scolytidae; Xyleborina; Xylebornius octiesdentatus; new North American record; exotic species ID BEETLES COLEOPTERA; AMBROSIA BEETLE; KEY AB Xyleborinus octiesdentatus (Murayama), an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, is reported for the first time in North America based on specimens from Alabama and Louisiana This is the twenty-first species of exotic Xylebornia documented in North America A re-description of the female and a key to the four North American species of Xylebornius are presented C1 [Rabaglia, Robert J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. [Knizek, Milos] Forestry & Game Management Res Inst Jiloviste Str, CZ-15604 Prague 5, Zbraslav, Czech Republic. [Johnson, Wood] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Rabaglia, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1601 N Kent St,RPC-7, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. FU Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic [MZe 002070203]; USDA Forest Service FX We express our appreciation to the following people Tessa Bauman (formerly with USDA Forest Service) for first recognizing the specimen as a species unknown in the US, Brian Strom (USDA Forest Service) for conducting the field test of lures which detected the species in Louisiana, Erich Vallery for taking the images for figures 1 and 2, Valli Peacher, Saul Petty, Billy Bruce, Chris Steiner, Jacob Hudson, Jim Meeker (all with USDA Forest Service) for field assistance in the delimiting survey, Dana McReynolds, Alabama Forestry Commission for setting up survey traps in Alabama This work was partly supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Project No MZe 002070203 Stabilization of forest functions in anthropicly disturbed and changing environmental conditions USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Early Detection and Rapid Response project provided funding for the trapping study and delimiting survey NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA 12 PROF GEORGI ZLATARSKI ST, SOFIA, 1700, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2010 IS 56 SI SI BP 219 EP 226 DI 10.3897/zookeys.56.528 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 683SE UT WOS:000284494700016 ER PT J AU Healy, B Huynh, S Mullane, N O'Brien, S Iversen, C Lehner, A Stephan, R Parker, CT Fanning, S AF Healy, B. Huynh, S. Mullane, N. O'Brien, S. Iversen, C. Lehner, A. Stephan, R. Parker, C. T. Fanning, S. TI Microarray-based comparative genomic indexing of the Cronobacter genus (Enterobacter sakazakii) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Cronobacter CY JAN 22-23, 2009 CL Univ Coll Dublin, Belfield, IRELAND SP UCD Ctr Food Safety, FAO, WHO, DAFF, Food Safety Author Ireland, safefood, Soc Gen Microbiol, Teagase, Sci Fdn Ireland HO Univ Coll Dublin DE Microarray; Comparative; Genome; Cronobacter; Enterobacter sakazakii ID DUBLINENSIS SP-NOV; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; REVEALS; STRAINS; PROPOSAL AB Cronobacter (Enterobacter sakazakii) is a recently defined genus consisting of 6 species. To extend our understanding of the genetic relationship between Cronobacter sakazakii BAA-894 and the other species of this genus, microarray-based comparative genomic indexing (CGI) was undertaken to determine the presence/absence of genes identified in the former sequenced genome and to compare 276 selected open reading frames within the different Cronobacter strains. Seventy-eight Cronobacter strains (60 C. sakazakii, 8 C. malonaticus, 5 C dublinensis, 2 C. muytjensii, 1 C. turicensis, 1 C genomospecies 1, and 1 Cronobacter sp.) representing clinical and environmental isolates from various geographical locations were investigated. Hierarchical clustering of the CGI data showed that the species grouped as clusters. The 5 C dublinensis and 2 C. muytjensii strains examined formed distinct species clusters. Moreover, all of the C. sakazakii and 3 of 8 C malonaticus strains formed a large cluster. The remaining C malonaticus strains formed a sub-group within a larger cluster that also contained C. turicensis, C. genomospecies 1, and an unknown Cronobacter sp. Cronobacter sakazakii and 3 of 8 C malonaticus strains could be distinguished from the others within the collection by the presence of 10 fimbrial related genes. Similarly, capsule and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) related glycosyltransferases differentiated several of the C sakazakii strains from each other. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huynh, S.; Parker, C. T.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Healy, B.; Mullane, N.; O'Brien, S.; Iversen, C.; Fanning, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Ctr Food Safety, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Healy, B.; Mullane, N.; O'Brien, S.; Iversen, C.; Fanning, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, UCD Vet Sci Ctr, Ctr Food Borne Zoon, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Lehner, A.; Stephan, R.] Univ Zurich, Inst Food Hyg & Safety, VetSuisse Fac, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Parker, CT (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM craig.parker@ars.usda.gov; sfanning@ucd.ie OI Fanning, Seamus/0000-0002-1922-8836 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 136 IS 2 SI SI BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.07.008 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 530DS UT WOS:000272569800003 PM 19664834 ER PT J AU Beuchat, LR Kim, H Gurtler, JB Lin, LC Ryu, JH Richards, GM AF Beuchat, Larry R. Kim, Hoikyung Gurtler, Joshua B. Lin, Li-Chun Ryu, Jee-Hoon Richards, Glenner M. TI Cronobacter sakazakii in foods and factors affecting its survival, growth, and inactivation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Cronobacter CY JAN 22-23, 2009 CL Univ Coll Dublin, Belfield, IRELAND SP UCD Ctr Food Safety, FAO, WHO, DAFF, Food Safety Author Ireland, safefood, Soc Gen Microbiol, Teagase, Sci Fdn Ireland HO Univ Coll Dublin DE Cronobacter sakazakii; Enterobacter sakazakii; Foodborne illness; Infant formula ID POWDERED INFANT FORMULA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; ENTEROBACTER-SAKAZAKII; MILK FORMULA; BIOFILM FORMATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STAINLESS-STEEL; RICE CEREAL; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; LACTOPEROXIDASE SYSTEM AB Cronobacter sakazakii has been isolated from a wide range of environmental sources and from several foods of animal and plant origin. While infections caused by C. sakazakii have predominantly involved neonates and infants, its presence on or in foods other than powdered infant formula raises concern about the safety risks these foods pose to immunocompromised consumers. We have done a series of studies to better understand the survival and growth characteristics of C. sakazakii in infant formula, infant cereal, fresh-cut produce, and juices made from fresh produce. Over a 12-month storage period, the pathogen survived better in dried formula and cereal at low a(w) (0.25-0.30) than at high a(w) (0.69-0.82) and at 4 degrees C compared to 30 degrees C. C. sakazakii grows in formulas and cereals reconstituted with water or milk and held at 12-30 degrees C. The composition of formulas or cereals does not markedly affect the rate of growth. C. sakazakii grows well on fresh-cut apple, cantaloupe, watermelon, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, and tomato at 25 degrees C and in some types of produce at 12 degrees C. Treatment of fresh fruits and vegetables with sanitizers such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based solution causes reductions of 1.6-5.4 log CFU/apple, tomato, and lettuce. Cells of C sakazakii in biofilms formed on stainless steel and enteral feeding tubes or dried on the surface of stainless steel have increased resistance to disinfectants. Death of cells in biofilms is affected by atmospheric relative humidity. These studies have contributed to a better understanding of the behavior of C. sakazakii in and on foods and on food-contact surfaces, thereby enabling the development of more effective strategies and interventions for its control. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Beuchat, Larry R.; Lin, Li-Chun] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Beuchat, Larry R.; Lin, Li-Chun] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Kim, Hoikyung] Wonkwang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Div Human Environm Sci, Iksan 570749, Jeonbuk, South Korea. [Gurtler, Joshua B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Ryu, Jee-Hoon] Korea Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Richards, Glenner M.] Evangel Univ, Dept Sci & Technol, Springfield, MO 65802 USA. RP Beuchat, LR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM lbeuchat@uga.edu RI Ryu, Jee-Hoon/F-2065-2013 NR 113 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 136 IS 2 SI SI BP 204 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.02.029 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 530DS UT WOS:000272569800011 PM 19346021 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK AF Nakasone, K. K. TI Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei SO SYDOWIA LA English DT Article DE Hydnum limonicolor; Odontia latemarginata; Odonticium monfraguense; Odonticium flavicans AB Nakasone, K. K. (2009) Type studies of corticioid Hymenomycetes (Basidiomycota) with aculei. - Sydowia 61 (2): 273-285. Type specimens of ten, resupinate, corticioid basidiomycetes with aculei described by various authors were examined. Five species are later synonyms: Acia conferta P.H.B. Talbot (= Phanerochaete subquercina), Hydnum squalinum Fr.: Fr. (= Cerrena unicolor), Melzerodontia udamentiens P. Roberts (= Phlebia badia), Mycoleptodon ljubarskii Pildt (= Hydnophlebia chrysorhiza), Odontia griseo-olivacea Hohn. (= Phlebia uda). The new combination, Scopulodontia webbii (equivalent to Hydnum webbii Berk.), is proposed. Phaeoradulum guadelupense Pat. is a species of unknown affinities. Three species were tentatively identified to species: Hydnum bresadolae Quel. (= Dentipellis cf. fragilis), Hydnum stalagmodes Berk. & M.A. Curtis (= Phlebia cf. fuscoatra), and Odontia palumbina Hohn. (= Scopuloides cf. rimosa). The misapplication of the name Hydnum squalina is discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, No Res Stn, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU VERLAG FERDINAND BERGER SOHNE GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, 3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0082-0598 J9 SYDOWIA JI Sydowia PD DEC 31 PY 2009 VL 61 IS 2 BP 273 EP 285 PG 13 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 565KK UT WOS:000275290800008 ER PT J AU Oliver, HF Orsi, RH Ponnala, L Keich, U Wang, W Sun, Q Cartinhour, SW Filiatrault, MJ Wiedmann, M Boor, KJ AF Oliver, Haley F. Orsi, Renato H. Ponnala, Lalit Keich, Uri Wang, Wei Sun, Qi Cartinhour, Samuel W. Filiatrault, Melanie J. Wiedmann, Martin Boor, Kathryn J. TI Deep RNA sequencing of L. monocytogenes reveals overlapping and extensive stationary phase and sigma B-dependent transcriptomes, including multiple highly transcribed noncoding RNAs SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COLD SHOCK PROTEINS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; STRESS-RESPONSE; CODON USAGE; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION; GENE; VIRULENCE AB Background: Identification of specific genes and gene expression patterns important for bacterial survival, transmission and pathogenesis is critically needed to enable development of more effective pathogen control strategies. The stationary phase stress response transcriptome, including many sigma(B)-dependent genes, was defined for the human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) with the Illumina Genome Analyzer. Specifically, bacterial transcriptomes were compared between stationary phase cells of L. monocytogenes 10403S and an otherwise isogenic Delta sigB mutant, which does not express the alternative sigma factor sigma(B), a major regulator of genes contributing to stress response, including stresses encountered upon entry into stationary phase. Results: Overall, 83% of all L. monocytogenes genes were transcribed in stationary phase cells; 42% of currently annotated L. monocytogenes genes showed medium to high transcript levels under these conditions. A total of 96 genes had significantly higher transcript levels in 10403S than in Delta sigB, indicating sigma(B)-dependent transcription of these genes. RNA-Seq analyses indicate that a total of 67 noncoding RNA molecules (ncRNAs) are transcribed in stationary phase L. monocytogenes, including 7 previously unrecognized putative ncRNAs. Application of a dynamically trained Hidden Markov Model, in combination with RNA-Seq data, identified 65 putative sigma(B) promoters upstream of 82 of the 96 sigma(B)-dependent genes and upstream of the one sigma(B)-dependent ncRNA. The RNA-Seq data also enabled annotation of putative operons as well as visualization of 5'- and 3'-UTR regions. Conclusions: The results from these studies provide powerful evidence that RNA-Seq data combined with appropriate bioinformatics tools allow quantitative characterization of prokaryotic transcriptomes, thus providing exciting new strategies for exploring transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria. C1 [Oliver, Haley F.; Orsi, Renato H.; Wiedmann, Martin; Boor, Kathryn J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ponnala, Lalit; Sun, Qi] Cornell Univ, Computat Biol Serv Unit, Ithaca, NY USA. [Keich, Uri] Cornell Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keich, Uri] Univ Sydney, Sch Math & Stat, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Wang, Wei] Cornell Univ, Life Sci Core Labs Ctr, Ithaca, NY USA. [Cartinhour, Samuel W.; Filiatrault, Melanie J.] ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY USA. [Cartinhour, Samuel W.; Filiatrault, Melanie J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Boor, KJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM haf9@cornell.edu; rho2@cornell.edu; ponnala@cac.cornell.edu; uri@maths.usyd.edu.au; ww77@cornell.edu; qisun@tc.cornell.edu; sam.cartinhour@ars.usda.gov; melanie.filiatrault@ars.usda.gov; mw16@cornell.edu; kjb4@cornell.edu RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008; Ponnala, Lalit/B-2354-2010; Boor, Kathryn/B-3545-2009 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662; Boor, Kathryn/0000-0001-6810-3434 FU NIH-NIAID [R01 AI052151]; NSF [0644136] FX This work was funded by NIH-NIAID (R01 AI052151 to K.J.B.). U. K. was supported by NSF (award no. 0644136). We thank P. Schweitzer and the staff at the Cornell DNA Sequencing and Genotyping Core Facility for sample preparation and sequencing and A. G. Clark and T. B. Sackton for helpful discussion. NR 72 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 641 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-641 PG 22 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 552IM UT WOS:000274283100001 PM 20042087 ER PT J AU Brezinski, DK Cecil, CB Skema, VW Kertis, CA AF Brezinski, David K. Cecil, C. Blaine Skema, Viktoras W. Kertis, Carla A. TI Evidence for long-term climate change in Upper Devonian strata of the central Appalachians SO PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late Devonian; Paleoclimate; Appalachian basin; Catskill; Hampshire Formation ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; MASS EXTINCTION; SOUTH-AMERICA; BLACK SHALES; TETRAPOD; PENNSYLVANIA; USA; FLUCTUATIONS; GLACIATION; EVOLUTION AB The highest 1 to 200 m of the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Catskill and equivalent Hampshire formations exhibit a noticeable vertical or stratigraphic change in color and a shift in lithologic character. The lower part of the unit is characterized by typically red, channel-phase sandstones and overbank siltstone and mudstone containing thin calcareous paleosols. These lithologies give way to greenish gray sandstone containing abundant coaly plant fragments, coalified logs, and pyrite, interbedded with thick intervals of non-calcareous paleo-vertisols. The increase in the prominence of preserved terrestrial organic matter suggests that there was a corresponding increase in the abundance of plants in terrestrial ecosystems. The stratigraphic change in lithology within the upper part of the Catskill-Hampshire succession suggests the onset of environmental conditions that became increasingly wet in response to elevated humid climatic conditions during the final stages of Catskill alluvial plain deposition. The sedimentological signature suggesting increased climatic wetness within the uppermost Catskill and Hampshire formations is nearly contemporaneous with the initiation of Late Devonian Gondwanan glaciation in the paleo-high-latitudes. The Appalachian climate record indicates that this change began during the Fa2c and continued through the latest Famennian, reaching its peak during the Fa2d when glacial deposits are recorded in the paleo-mid-latitudes of the Appalachian basin. Evidence of this late Famennian increase in precipitation also is recorded in the adjacent marine environments. Equivalent-age marine units in Ohio and Kentucky record progressive increases in both total organic carbon and the percentage of terrestrially-derived organic carbon. This suggests that there was a late Famennian increase in terrestrial organic matter productivity, and that during the late Famennian, there were elevated levels of runoff produced by the interpreted increase in precipitation that washed progressively higher amounts of terrestrial organic matter into the local marine environments. The late Famennian climate changes identified within the Appalachian basin strata have been recognizable globally, and appear to have had both positive and negative effects on the Earth's biota. Some marine groups exhibit sharp diversity drops or even extinction coincident with the maximum development of the late Famennian ice age. Conversely, terrestrial biota appears to have been more positively affected by the late Famennian increased wetness that accompanied this progressive climate change. Marked diversification and evolutionary innovation, which appear to coincide with this climatic deviation, can be recognized within terrestrial plant communities and early tetrapod amphibians. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brezinski, David K.] Maryland Geol Survey, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cecil, C. Blaine] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Skema, Viktoras W.] Penn Geol Survey, Harrisburg, PA 17111 USA. [Kertis, Carla A.] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Brezinski, DK (reprint author), Maryland Geol Survey, 2300 St Paul St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM dbrezinski@dnr.state.md.us FU Maryland Geological Survey FX Field work for this study was supported by the Maryland Geological Survey. Constructive comments by G.S. Soreghan, T.W. Kammer, and P.E. Isaacson improved the manuscript. NR 85 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-0182 EI 1872-616X J9 PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL JI Paleogeogr. Paleoclimatol. Paleoecol. PD DEC 30 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 3-4 BP 315 EP 325 DI 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.10.010 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Paleontology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Paleontology GA 535IJ UT WOS:000272960700015 ER PT J AU Cai, YF He, XH Mo, JC Sun, Q Yang, JP Liu, JG AF Cai, Yingfan He Xiaohong Mo, Jianchuan Sun, Quan Yang, Jianping Liu, Jinggao TI Molecular research and genetic engineering of resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton: A review SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Verticillium wilt; genetics of resistance; molecular research; genetic engineering ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; DEFENSE RESPONSES; HEMOGLOBIN GENE; EXPRESSION; BARBADENSE; DAHLIAE; CLONING; TOMATO; PLANTS; GHHB1 AB Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne pathogen, causes Verticillium wilt, one of the most serious diseases in cotton, deleteriously influencing crop's production and quality. Verticillium wilt has become a major obstacle in cotton production since Helicoverpa armigera, the cotton bollworm, became effectively controlled in recent years. The wilt is becoming a key subject of research in cotton-resistance genetics, breeding and plant pathology. This paper reviews the recent research progress on genetic methods of resistance, the status and existing problems, traditional breeding, the main resistance mechanism, molecular markers and genetic engineering of resistance genes. It is hoped that new breeding methods and new varieties resistant to Verticillium wilt will be developed in the very near future. C1 [Cai, Yingfan; He Xiaohong; Mo, Jianchuan; Sun, Quan; Yang, Jianping] Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Coll Bioinformat, Chongqing 400065, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jinggao] USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Cai, YF (reprint author), Chongqing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Coll Bioinformat, Chongqing 400065, Peoples R China. EM caiyf3000@yahoo.com.cn NR 64 TC 29 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC JOURNALS PI VICTORIA ISLAND PA P O BOX 5170-00200 NAIROBI, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS 73023, NIGERIA SN 1684-5315 J9 AFR J BIOTECHNOL JI Afr. J. Biotechnol. PD DEC 29 PY 2009 VL 8 IS 25 BP 7363 EP 7372 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 545WT UT WOS:000273768400020 ER PT J AU Tomoyasu, Y Arakane, Y Kramer, KJ Denell, RE AF Tomoyasu, Yoshinori Arakane, Yasuyuki Kramer, Karl J. Denell, Robin E. TI Repeated Co-options of Exoskeleton Formation during Wing-to-Elytron Evolution in Beetles SO CURRENT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA IMAGINAL DISKS; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; PIGMENT PATTERNS; HALTERE DEVELOPMENT; GENE-EXPRESSION; LEG DEVELOPMENT; DPP EXPRESSION; YELLOW GENE; DUAL ROLE; PROTEIN AB Background: The vast diversity in morphology of insect wings provides an excellent model to study morphological evolution. The best-described wing modification is the specification of halteres in Drosophila by a Hox-dependent mechanism, in which a Hox gene affects the expression of genes important for wing development to modify the resulting structure. We have previously shown that highly modified beetle elytra are Hox-free structures despite their divergent morphology, suggesting another mode of evolutionary modification. Results: To understand how elytra. have evolved without Hox input, we have analyzed wing development in a coleopteran, Tribolium castaneum. Based on Drosophila mutant phenotypes, we first hypothesized that changes in the wing gene network might have contributed to elytral evolution. However, we found that the wing gene network defined in Drosophila is largely conserved in Tribolium and is also used to pattern the elytra. Instead, we found evidence that the exoskeleton formation has been co-opted downstream of the conserved wing gene network multiple times. We also show evidence that one of these co-options happened prior to the others, suggesting that repeated co-options may have strengthened an advantageous trait. In addition, we found that the Tribolium apterous genes are not only essential for exoskeletalization of the elytra but also are required for the proper identity of the hindwing-an unexpected role that we find to be conserved in Drosophila. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that elytral evolution has been achieved by co-opting a beneficial trait several times while conserving the main framework of wing patterning genes. C1 [Tomoyasu, Yoshinori; Denell, Robin E.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arakane, Yasuyuki; Kramer, Karl J.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Kramer, Karl J.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Tomoyasu, Y (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM tomoyay@muohio.edu RI Tomoyasu, Yoshinori/D-3061-2017 OI Tomoyasu, Yoshinori/0000-0001-9824-3454 FU Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research at Kansas State University; National Science Foundation; Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science FX We thank J. Thomas and the Bloomington Stock Center for fly stocks, the Gottingen/Eriangen/Kansas State University/USDA Grain Marketing and Production Research Center insertional mutagenesis screen project (GEKU project) for the KS217 strain, J. Doctor for dpp cDNA, and G. Boekhoff-Falk and the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank for antibodies. We also thank K. Ruyle-Greene for technical support, T. Shippy for discussion and critical reading, R. Beeman for discussion about cuticle protein genes, and all Brown and Denell laboratory members for helpful discussion and comments. We also thank the Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research at Kansas State University for providing funding for research equipment. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (R.E.D. and Y.A.) and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (Y.T.). NR 61 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 19 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0960-9822 EI 1879-0445 J9 CURR BIOL JI Curr. Biol. PD DEC 29 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 24 BP 2057 EP 2065 DI 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.014 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 541JR UT WOS:000273411600018 PM 20005109 ER PT J AU Hood, E Fellman, J Spencer, RGM Hernes, PJ Edwards, R D'Amore, D Scott, D AF Hood, Eran Fellman, Jason Spencer, Robert G. M. Hernes, Peter J. Edwards, Rick D'Amore, David Scott, Durelle TI Glaciers as a source of ancient and labile organic matter to the marine environment SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST ALASKA; SEA-LEVEL; CARBON; OCEAN; EXPORT; FATE AB Riverine organic matter supports of the order of one-fifth of estuarine metabolism(1). Coastal ecosystems are therefore sensitive to alteration of both the quantity and lability of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) delivered by rivers. The lability of DOM is thought to vary with age, with younger, relatively unaltered organic matter being more easily metabolized by aquatic heterotrophs than older, heavily modified material(2-4). This view is developed exclusively from work in watersheds where terrestrial plant and soil sources dominate streamwater DOM. Here we characterize streamwater DOM from 11 coastal watersheds on the Gulf of Alaska that vary widely in glacier coverage (0-64 per cent). In contrast to non-glacial rivers, we find that the bioavailability of DOM to marine microorganisms is significantly correlated with increasing (14)C age. Moreover, the most heavily glaciated watersheds are the source of the oldest (similar to 4 kyr (14)C age) and most labile (66 per cent bioavailable) DOM. These glacial watersheds have extreme runoff rates, in part because they are subject to some of the highest rates of glacier volume loss on Earth(5). We estimate the cumulative flux of dissolved organic carbon derived from glaciers contributing runoff to the Gulf of Alaska at 0.13 +/- 0.01 Tg yr(-1) (1 Tg = 10(12) g), of which similar to 0.10 Tg is highly labile. This indicates that glacial runoff is a quantitatively important source of labile reduced carbon to marine ecosystems. Moreover, because glaciers and ice sheets represent the second largest reservoir of water in the global hydrologic system, our findings indicate that climatically driven changes in glacier volume could alter the age, quantity and reactivity of DOM entering coastal oceans. C1 [Hood, Eran] Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci & Geog Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Fellman, Jason] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Spencer, Robert G. M.; Hernes, Peter J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Edwards, Rick; D'Amore, David] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Scott, Durelle] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Hood, E (reprint author), Univ Alaska SE, Environm Sci & Geog Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM eran.hood@uas.alaska.edu FU US National Science Foundation [EAR-0838587]; University of Alaska Seed Grant; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station FX E. Neal and K. Smikrud contributed to the GOA glacier water flux estimates and K. Smikrud also provided Fig. 1. A. Arendt provided data on glacial wastage. We thank X. Xu at the KCCAMS facility for 14C analyses, and R. Dyda and B. Holmes at UC Davis for assistance with lignin and 13C-DOC analyses, respectively. Funding came from the US National Science Foundation (EAR-0838587), a University of Alaska Seed Grant ( to E. H.) and the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. The use of trade or firm names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 34 TC 161 Z9 163 U1 12 U2 128 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 24 PY 2009 VL 462 IS 7276 BP 1044 EP U100 DI 10.1038/nature08580 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535UB UT WOS:000272996000044 PM 20033045 ER PT J AU Yan, JB Shah, T Warburton, ML Buckler, ES McMullen, MD Crouch, J AF Yan, Jianbing Shah, Trushar Warburton, Marilyn L. Buckler, Edward S. McMullen, Michael D. Crouch, Jonathan TI Genetic Characterization and Linkage Disequilibrium Estimation of a Global Maize Collection Using SNP Markers SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID INBRED LINES; CIMMYT MAIZE; SSR MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENOME ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; COMPLEX TRAITS; EUROPEAN MAIZE; TROPICAL MAIZE; HUMAN HEIGHT AB A newly developed maize Illumina GoldenGate Assay with 1536 SNPs from 582 loci was used to genotype a highly diverse global maize collection of 632 inbred lines from temperate, tropical, and subtropical public breeding programs. A total of 1229 informative SNPs and 1749 haplotypes within 327 loci was used to estimate the genetic diversity, population structure, and familial relatedness. Population structure identified tropical and temperate subgroups, and complex familial relationships were identified within the global collection. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was measured overall and within chromosomes, allelic frequency groups, subgroups related by geographic origin, and subgroups of different sample sizes. The LD decay distance differed among chromosomes and ranged between 1 to 10 kb. The LD distance increased with the increase of minor allelic frequency (MAF), and with smaller sample sizes, encouraging caution when using too few lines in a study. The LD decay distance was much higher in temperate than in tropical and subtropical lines, because tropical and subtropical lines are more diverse and contain more rare alleles than temperate lines. A core set of inbreds was defined based on haplotypes, and 60 lines capture 90% of the haplotype diversity of the entire panel. The defined core sets and the entire collection can be used widely for different research targets. C1 [Yan, Jianbing; Crouch, Jonathan] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Genet Resources Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Yan, Jianbing] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Dept Bioinformat, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Shah, Trushar] China Agr Univ, Natl Maize Improvement Ctr China, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Warburton, Marilyn L.] ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Starkville, MS USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Div, Ithaca, NY USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Res Unit, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. [Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. RP Yan, JB (reprint author), Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Genet Resources Program, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. EM marilyn.warburton@ars.usda.gov OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X FU National Science Foundation [DBI0321467]; United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service FX This research was supported by the Generation Challenge Program of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Award DBI0321467 and funds provided by the United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 161 Z9 170 U1 4 U2 43 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 24 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8451 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008451 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 537HN UT WOS:000273104000015 PM 20041112 ER PT J AU Evans, JD AF Evans, Jay D. TI Host-parasite interactions: resist or tolerate but never stop running SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE innate immunity; immune memory; host-parasite interactions; antimicrobial peptides; epidemiology; Red Queen AB A conference exploring 'The impact of the environment on innate immunity: the threat of diseases' was held on 4-9 May 2009 in Obergurgl, Austria, thanks to the support from the European Science Foundation, Innsbruck University and the Austrian Science Foundation. The goals of the conference were to explore how the outcomes of host-parasite interactions depend on variation across individuals, their parasites and the environment in which they both find themselves. Central themes were the inherent costs of mounting an immune response, the ability of some organisms to preempt infection by 'priming' their immune systems, the fact that parasites learn to evade immune responses over time and the use of theory to predict when diseases will get out of hand. Many of the systems presented had clear impacts on human health, agriculture or the maintenance of complex ecosystems. There was common ground throughout in developing methodologies and embracing what one of the organizers termed the 'interactome' between hosts and those which would exploit them. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jay.evans@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 721 EP 722 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0444 PG 2 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 517QM UT WOS:000271632000001 PM 19605387 ER PT J AU Yin, CT Chen, XM Wang, XJ Han, QM Kang, ZS Hulbert, SH AF Yin, Chuntao Chen, Xianming Wang, Xiaojie Han, Qingmei Kang, Zhensheng Hulbert, Scot H. TI Generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp Tritici SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE VIRULENCE; UROMYCES-FABAE; SECRETION SYSTEM; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; UNITED-STATES; FLAX RUST; LEAF RUST; GENES; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. In spite of its agricultural importance, the genomics and genetics of the pathogen are poorly characterized. Pst transcripts from urediniospores and germinated urediniospores have been examined previously, but little is known about genes expressed during host infection. Some genes involved in virulence in other rust fungi have been found to be specifically expressed in haustoria. Therefore, the objective of this study was to generate a cDNA library to characterize genes expressed in haustoria of Pst. Results: A total of 5,126 EST sequences of high quality were generated from haustoria of Pst, from which 287 contigs and 847 singletons were derived. Approximately 10% and 26% of the 1,134 unique sequences were homologous to proteins with known functions and hypothetical proteins, respectively. The remaining 64% of the unique sequences had no significant similarities in GenBank. Fifteen genes were predicted to be proteins secreted from Pst haustoria. Analysis of ten genes, including six secreted protein genes, using quantitative RT-PCR revealed changes in transcript levels in different developmental and infection stages of the pathogen. Conclusions: The haustorial cDNA library was useful in identifying genes of the stripe rust fungus expressed during the infection process. From the library, we identified 15 genes encoding putative secreted proteins and six genes induced during the infection process. These genes are candidates for further studies to determine their functions in wheat-Pst interactions. C1 [Yin, Chuntao; Chen, Xianming; Hulbert, Scot H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wang, Xiaojie; Han, Qingmei; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xiaojie; Han, Qingmei; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Hulbert, SH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM chunto_yin@wsu.edu; xianming@wsu.edu; sealover2001@gmail.com; hanqm9@163.com; kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn; scot_hulbert@wsu.edu RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; yin, chuntao/C-8503-2012; OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 FU Ministry of Education of China [B07049] FX PPNS No. 0524, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Agricultural Research Center, Project no. WNPO0663, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430. This research was supported in part by the 111 Project from the Ministry of Education of China (B07049). We thank Dr. Timothy Paulitz for critical review of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 626 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-626 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 543JI UT WOS:000273571600002 PM 20028560 ER PT J AU Yan, L Graef, GL Reeves, PG Johnson, LK AF Yan, Lin Graef, George L. Reeves, Philip G. Johnson, LuAnn K. TI Selenium Bioavailability from Soy Protein Isolate and Tofu in Rats Fed a Torula Yeast-Based Diet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Selenium; selenium bioavailability; Torula yeast; soybean; rats ID THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; GLYCINE-MAX L; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; PROSTATE-CANCER; SUPPLEMENTATION; SELENOCYSTEINE; SOYBEANS; MEN AB Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient, and soy is a major plant source of dietary protein to humans. The United States produces one-third of the world's soybeans, and the Se-rich Northern Plains produce a large share of the nation's soybeans. The present study used a rat model to determine the bioavailability of Se from a protein isolate and tofu (bean curd) prepared from a soybean cultivar we recently developed specifically for food grade markets. The soybean seeds contained 2.91 mg Se/kg. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were depleted of Se by feeding them a 30% Torula yeast-based diet containing 5 mu g Se/kg; after 56 days, they were replenished of Se for an additional 50 days by feeding them the same diet supplemented with 20, 30, or 40 mu g Se/kg from soy protein isolate or tofu. L-Selenomethionine (SeMet) was used as a reference. Selenium bioavailability was determined on the basis of the responses of Se-dependent enzyme activities and tissue Se contents, comparing those responses for each soy product to those for SeMet using a slope-ratio method. Dietary supplementation with the protein isolate or tofu resulted in dose-dependent increases in glutathione peroxidase activities in blood and liver and thioredoxin reductase activity in liver, as well as dose-dependent increases in the Se contents of plasma, liver, muscle, and kidneys. These responses indicated an overall bioavailability of approximately 97% for Se from both the protein isolate and tofu, relative to SeMet. These results demonstrate that Se from this soybean cultivar is highly bioavailable in this model and that high-Se soybeans can be good dietary sources of Se. C1 [Yan, Lin; Reeves, Philip G.; Johnson, LuAnn K.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Graef, George L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Yan, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lin.yan@ars.usda.gov OI yan, lin/0000-0003-3646-6374 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS [5450-51000-035-00D]; Nebraska Soybean Board FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS, Research project 5450-51000-035-00D and by the Nebraska Soybean Board. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Area, is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and all agency services are available without discrimination. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 24 BP 11575 EP 11580 DI 10.1021/jf901985t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531EG UT WOS:000272645300018 PM 19919094 ER PT J AU Bergen, KM Goetz, SJ Dubayah, RO Henebry, GM Hunsaker, CT Imhoff, ML Nelson, RF Parker, GG Radeloff, VC AF Bergen, K. M. Goetz, S. J. Dubayah, R. O. Henebry, G. M. Hunsaker, C. T. Imhoff, M. L. Nelson, R. F. Parker, G. G. Radeloff, V. C. TI Remote sensing of vegetation 3-D structure for biodiversity and habitat: Review and implications for lidar and radar spaceborne missions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Review ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SIR-C/X-SAR; FOREST STRUCTURE; TROPICAL FORESTS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TEMPERATE FOREST; BIRD COMMUNITIES; AIRBORNE LIDAR; INTERFEROMETRIC RADAR; STAND STRUCTURE AB Biodiversity and habitat face increasing pressures due to human and natural influences that alter vegetation structure. Because of the inherent difficulty of measuring forested vegetation three-dimensional (3-D) structure on the ground, this important component of biodiversity and habitat has been, until recently, largely restricted to local measurements, or at larger scales to generalizations. New lidar and radar remote sensing instruments such as those proposed for spaceborne missions will provide the capability to fill this gap. This paper reviews the state of the art for incorporatinginformation on vegetation 3-D structure into biodiversity and habitat science and management approaches, with emphasis on use of lidar and radar data. First we review relationships between vegetation 3-D structure, biodiversity and habitat, and metrics commonly used to describe those relationships. Next, we review the technical capabilities of new lidar and radar sensors and their application to biodiversity and habitat studies to date. We then define variables that have been identified as both useful and feasible to retrieve from spaceborne lidar and radar observations and provide their accuracy and precision requirements. We conclude with a brief discussion of implications for spaceborne missions and research programs. The possibility to derive vegetation 3-D measurements from spaceborne active sensors and to integrate them into science and management comes at a critical juncture for global biodiversity conservation and opens new possibilities for advanced scientific analysis of habitat and biodiversity. C1 [Bergen, K. M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Goetz, S. J.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Dubayah, R. O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hunsaker, C. T.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA 93729 USA. [Imhoff, M. L.; Nelson, R. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Parker, G. G.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Radeloff, V. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bergen, KM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Dana Bldg,440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM kbergen@umich.edu RI Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015; Beckley, Matthew/D-4547-2013; Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308; Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU Diane Wickland; NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program FX Colead authors are K. M. Bergen and S. J. Goetz; all additional coauthors contributed equally to this paper and are listed alphabetically. The authors extend appreciation to the many organizers and participants in several NASA workshops on vegetation structure and on DESDynI/ICESAT-II; to Diane Wickland, NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program for continued support of such workshops; and to the anonymous reviewers of this paper for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 115 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 7 U2 85 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G00E06 DI 10.1029/2008JG000883 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 536LX UT WOS:000273047000001 ER PT J AU Gasbarre, LC Smith, LL Hoberg, E Pilitt, PA AF Gasbarre, Louis C. Smith, Larry L. Hoberg, Eric Pilitt, Patricia A. TI Further characterization of a cattle nematode population with demonstrated resistance to current anthelmintics SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Drug resistance; Anthelmintic; Ematodes ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; NORTH-AMERICA; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; NEW-ZEALAND; KEY; TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA; OXFENDAZOLE; HAEMONCHUS; CALVES AB We previously documented the appearance of cattle nematode parasites resistant to avermectins, milbemycin, and a benzimidazole at the end of a grazing season in a backgrounding operation in the upper Midwestern US. To further characterize the pattern of drug resistance, we extended the study to (I) monitor the animals over the course of the grazing season; (2) increase the number of animals slaughtered at the end of the season to minimize the effect of potential outlying observations; (3) increase the time interval between treatment and slaughter to ensure sufficient time for drug action; (4) utilize repeated fecal sampling in the fecal egg reduction test to minimize procedural variation; (5) increase the number of drugs tested. The results of the present study were in agreement with those of the previous study and demonstrated that during the course of the grazing season the pastures harbored significant numbers of parasites that were refractory to avermectins, milbemycin, and a benzimidazole at the label recommended doses. As seen previously, Haemonchus contortus resistant to all these anthelmintics were present over the course of the study period. In contrast, Cooperia sp., mainly punctata, and Haemonchus placei were resistant only to the macrocyclic lactones. There was no apparent resistance against the older anthelmintic levamisole, which had not been used for >20 years in the operation. However, animals treated with this drug continued to harbor small but measurable numbers of Ostertagia ostertagi. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gasbarre, Louis C.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Larry L.] Larry L Smith Res & Dev Inc, Lodi, WI USA. [Hoberg, Eric; Pilitt, Patricia A.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gasbarre, LC (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Bldg 200,Rm 6,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lgasbarr@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.08.019 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 533XX UT WOS:000272860600014 PM 19897305 ER PT J AU Gasbarre, LC Smith, LL Lichtenfels, JR Pilitt, PA AF Gasbarre, Louis C. Smith, Larry L. Lichtenfels, J. Ralph Pilitt, Patricia A. TI The identification of cattle nematode parasites resistant to multiple classes of anthelmintics in a commercial cattle population in the US SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Drug resistance; Anthelmintic; Nematodes ID CUTICULAR RIDGE-PATTERNS; NORTH-AMERICA; DOMESTIC RUMINANTS; KEY; TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA; OXFENDAZOLE; IVERMECTIN; HAEMONCHUS AB Resistance to modern anthelmintics by ruminant nematode parasites is an increasing problem throughout the world. To date the problem has largely been reported in parasites of small ruminants, but there are increasing reports of such resistance in nematodes recovered from cattle. Until now there have been no published reports of drug resistant parasites from cattle in North America. In 2002 a producer in the upper Midwest who backgrounds young cattle acquired from the southeastern US experienced lower than expected weight gain as well as apparent parasitic gastroenteritis in his cattle during he fall. Fecal sample results supported the suspicion that decreased productivity and diarrhea were the result of G1 nematode parasitism. The operation used intensive grazing management and practiced strategically timed deworming for >17 year. In 2003, all animals were dewormed the first week of May with Ivornec Plus(R), then with Dectomax(R) Injectable on 4 June and 17 July. On 31 July, 10 randomly taken fecal samples showed EPG values from 0 to 55. To assess whether the apparent decreased drug efficacy was the result of drug resistance in the nematode population, on 18 August approximately 150 heads, previously strategic timed dewormed, of 9-11 month old cattle from one pasture were selected for study. The calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups: untreated (U), ivermectin injectable (1), moxidectin pour-on (M), doramectin injectable (D), eprinomectin pour-on (E). albendazole oral (A). Cattle were weighed prior to treatment and the drug was dosed according to label directions. Seven days later, 3 calves from each group were slaughtered for worm recovery. Fecal samples taken from the remaining animals at 14 days after treatment showed that the reduction of mean fecal EPG value for each group was: U-46%, I-52%, M-72%. D-61%, E-8%, and A-68%. Worm recovery from the slaughter calves showed that all groups harbored significant numbers of Haemonchus placei and H. contortus. In addition, all avermectin-treated groups contained significant numbers of Cooperia punctata, and smaller numbers of C. oncophora and C. spatulata. These results imply that the pastures studied contain substantial numbers of H. contortus resistant to both avermectins and benzimidazoles, and H. placei and Cooperia sp. resistant to all the commonly used avermectin anthelmintics. This is the first report of anthelmintic resistance in American cattle parasites. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gasbarre, Louis C.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Smith, Larry L.] Larry L Smith Res & Dev Inc, Lodi, WI USA. [Lichtenfels, J. Ralph; Pilitt, Patricia A.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gasbarre, LC (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Bldg 200,Rm 6,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lgasbarr@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 23 PY 2009 VL 166 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.08.018 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 533XX UT WOS:000272860600015 PM 19900760 ER PT J AU Nasrin, N Kaushik, VK Fortier, E Wall, D Pearson, KJ de Cabo, R Bordone, L AF Nasrin, Nargis Kaushik, Virendar K. Fortier, Eric Wall, Daniel Pearson, Kevin J. de Cabo, Rafael Bordone, Laura TI JNK1 Phosphorylates SIRT1 and Promotes Its Enzymatic Activity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXTENDS LIFE-SPAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; CALORIE RESTRICTION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; CELL APOPTOSIS; LONGEVITY; TRANSCRIPTION; PATHWAYS; SURVIVAL AB SIRT1 is a NAD-dependent deacetylase that regulates a variety of pathways including the stress protection pathway. SIRT1 deacetylates a number of protein substrates, including histones, FOXOs, PGC-1 alpha, and p53, leading to cellular protection. We identified a functional interaction between cJUN N-terminal kinase (JNK1) and SIRT1 by coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins. The interaction between JNK1 and SIRT1 was identified under conditions of oxidative stress and required activation of JNK1 via phosphorylation. Modulation of SIRT1 activity or protein levels using nicotinamide or RNAi did not modify JNK1 activity as measured by its ability to phosphorylate cJUN. In contrast, human SIRT1 was phosphorylated by JNK1 on three sites: Ser27, Ser47, and Thr530 and this phosphorylation of SIRT1 increased its nuclear localization and enzymatic activity. Surprisingly, JNK1 phosphorylation of SIRT1 showed substrate specificity resulting in deacetylation of histone H3, but not p53. These findings identify a mechanism for regulation of SIRT1 enzymatic activity in response to oxidative stress and shed new light on its role in the stress protection pathway. C1 [Nasrin, Nargis; Kaushik, Virendar K.; Fortier, Eric; Bordone, Laura] Novartis Inst BioMed Res Inc, Cardiovasc & Metab Dis Area, Cambridge, MA USA. [Kaushik, Virendar K.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Pearson, Kevin J.; de Cabo, Rafael] NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Nasrin, N (reprint author), Novartis Inst BioMed Res Inc, Cardiovasc & Metab Dis Area, Cambridge, MA USA. EM laura.bordone@novartis.com RI de Cabo, Rafael/J-5230-2016; OI de Cabo, Rafael/0000-0002-3354-2442; , rafael/0000-0003-2830-5693 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute on Aging (NIA); Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on Aging (NIA), and by internal funding from Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research. Employees of the entities sponsoring the work were involved in conception, experimental design, analysis, and preparation of the paper. NR 24 TC 124 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 5 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8414 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008414 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535US UT WOS:000272998000018 PM 20027304 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, JE Bin-Umer, MA Tortora, A Mendez, N McCormick, S Tumer, NE AF McLaughlin, John E. Bin-Umer, Mohamed Anwar Tortora, Andrew Mendez, Natasha McCormick, Susan Tumer, Nilgun E. TI A genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a critical role for the mitochondria in the toxicity of a trichothecene mycotoxin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Fusarium head blight; ribosome; translation; deoxynivalenol; mycotoxin ID PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE CENTER; RIBOTOXIC STRESS-RESPONSE; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; ALPHA-SARCIN/RICIN LOOP; 28S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EUKARYOTIC RIBOSOMES; ANTIBIOTICS; RESISTANCE; YEAST; TRICHODERMIN AB Trichothecene mycotoxins synthesized by Fusarium species are potent inhibitors of eukaryotic translation. They are encountered in both the environment and in food, posing a threat to human and animal health. They have diverse roles in the cell that are not limited to the inhibition of protein synthesis. To understand the trichothecene mechanism of action, we screened the yeast knockout library to identify genes whose deletion confers resistance to trichothecin (Tcin). The largest group of resistant strains affected mitochondrial function, suggesting a role for fully active mitochondria in trichothecene toxicity. Tcin inhibited mitochondrial translation in the wild-type strain to a greater extent than in the most resistant strains, implicating mitochondrial translation as a previously unrecognized site of action. The Tcin-resistant strains were cross-resistant to anisomycin and chloramphenicol, suggesting that Tcin targets the peptidyltransferase center of mitochondrial ribosomes. Tcin-induced cell death was partially rescued by mutants that regulate mitochondrial fusion and maintenance of the tubular morphology of mitochondria. Treatment of yeast cells with Tcin led to the fragmentation of the tubular mitochondrial network, supporting a role for Tcin in disruption of mitochondrial membrane morphology. These results provide genome-wide insight into the mode of action of trichothecene mycotoxins and uncover a critical role for mitochondrial translation and membrane maintenance in their toxicity. C1 [McLaughlin, John E.; Bin-Umer, Mohamed Anwar; Tortora, Andrew; Mendez, Natasha; Tumer, Nilgun E.] Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [McLaughlin, John E.; Bin-Umer, Mohamed Anwar; Tortora, Andrew; Mendez, Natasha; Tumer, Nilgun E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [McCormick, Susan] ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tumer, NE (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM tumer@aesop.rutgers.edu RI McLaughlin, John/D-6966-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the United States Wheat [59-0790-6-069]; Barley Scab Initiative; National Institutes of Health Research Supplement [AI072425] FX We thank Dr. Andreas Ivessa for help with verification of the rho0 strain, Dr. Thomas Fox for the mitochondrial translation protocol, Dr. Benedikt Westermann for pVT100U-mtGFP, and Drs. Jennifer Nielsen Kahn, Xiao-Ping Li, and Zhennan Xu for critical reading of the manuscript. This is a cooperative project No. 59-0790-6-069 supported by the United States Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the United States Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative. N. M. was supported by a National Institutes of Health Research Supplement (AI072425) to promote Diversity in a Health Related Research Program. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 51 BP 21883 EP 21888 DI 10.1073/pnas.0909777106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535TM UT WOS:000272994200076 PM 20007368 ER PT J AU Yuan, YA Chung, JD Fu, XY Johnson, VE Ranjan, P Booth, SL Harding, SA Tsai, CJ AF Yuan, Yinan Chung, Jeng-Der Fu, Xueyan Johnson, Virgil E. Ranjan, Priya Booth, Sarah L. Harding, Scott A. Tsai, Chung-Jui TI Alternative splicing and gene duplication differentially shaped the regulation of isochorismate synthase in Populus and Arabidopsis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE defense; phenylpropanoid; splice site sequence; phylloquinone; salicylic acid ID MESSENGER-RNA DECAY; SALICYLIC-ACID; STRUCTURAL GENES; CONDENSED TANNIN; CELL-CULTURES; PLANTS; GENOME; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHORISMATE; DEFENSE AB Isochorismate synthase (ICS) converts chorismate to isochorismate for the biosynthesis of phylloquinone, an essential cofactor for photosynthetic electron transport. ICS is also required for salicylic acid (SA) synthesis during Arabidopsis defense. In several other species, including Populus, SA is derived primarily from the phenylpropanoid pathway. We therefore sought to investigate ICS regulation in Populus to learn the extent of ICS involvement in SA synthesis and defense. Arabidopsis harbors duplicated AtICS genes that differ in their exon-intron structure, basal expression, and stress inducibility. In contrast, we found a single ICS gene in Populus and six other sequenced plant genomes, pointing to the AtICS duplication as a lineage-specific event. The Populus ICS encodes a functional plastidic enzyme, and was not responsive to stresses that stimulated phenylpropanoid accumulation. Populus ICS underwent extensive alternative splicing that was rare for the duplicated AtICSs. Sequencing of 184 RT-PCR Populus clones revealed 37 alternative splice variants, with normal transcripts representing approximate to 50% of the population. When expressed in Arabidopsis, Populus ICS again underwent alternative splicing, but did not produce normal transcripts to complement AtICS1 function. The splice-site sequences of Populus ICS are unusual, suggesting a causal link between junction sequence, alternative splicing, and ICS function. We propose that gene duplication and alternative splicing of ICS evolved independently in Arabidopsis and Populus in accordance with their distinct defense strategies. AtICS1 represents a divergent isoform for inducible SA synthesis during defense. Populus ICS primarily functions in phylloquinone biosynthesis, a process that can be sustained at low ICS transcript levels. C1 [Yuan, Yinan; Ranjan, Priya; Harding, Scott A.; Tsai, Chung-Jui] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Chung, Jeng-Der; Johnson, Virgil E.; Harding, Scott A.; Tsai, Chung-Jui] Univ Georgia, Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chung, Jeng-Der] Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Div Silviculture, Taipei, Taiwan. [Fu, Xueyan; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tsai, Chung-Jui] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Tsai, CJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM cjtsai@warnell.uga.edu RI Ranjan, Priya/F-6835-2011; Tsai, CJ/C-2450-2009 OI Tsai, CJ/0000-0002-9282-7704 FU U. S. National Science Foundation Plant Genome [DBI-0421756, 0836433]; U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Cooperative [58-1950-7-707] FX We thank Kate Tay for technical assistance, Frederick Ausubel (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston) for providing the sid2-2 mutant seed, Eckhard Leistner (Institut fur Pharmazeutische Biologie, Bonn, Germany) for providing the PBB7 mutant, and Toby Bradshaw (University of Washington, Seattle) for providing P. trichocarpa Nisqually-1 cuttings. This work was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program Grants DBI-0421756 and 0836433 (to C. J. T. and S. A. H.) and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 (to X. F. and S. L. B.). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. National Science Foundation and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 22 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 51 BP 22020 EP 22025 DI 10.1073/pnas.0906869106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535TM UT WOS:000272994200099 PM 19996170 ER PT J AU Herbert, DR Yang, JQ Hogan, SP Groschwitz, K Khodoun, M Munitz, A Orekov, T Perkins, C Wang, Q Brombacher, F Urban, JF Rothenberg, ME Finkelman, FD AF Herbert, De'Broski R. Yang, Jun-Qi Hogan, Simon P. Groschwitz, Kathryn Khodoun, Marat Munitz, Ariel Orekov, Tatyana Perkins, Charles Wang, Quan Brombacher, Frank Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Rothenberg, Marc E. Finkelman, Fred D. TI Intestinal epithelial cell secretion of RELM-beta protects against gastrointestinal worm infection SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATIVELY ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES; IN-VIVO; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; NEMATODE PARASITES; HELMINTH INFECTION; IFN-GAMMA; IL-4 AB Th2 cells drive protective immunity against most parasitic helminths, but few mechanisms have been demonstrated that facilitate pathogen clearance. We show that IL-4 and IL-13 protect against intestinal lumen-dwelling worms primarily by inducing intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to differentiate into goblet cells that secrete resistin-like molecule (RELM) beta. RELM-beta is essential for normal spontaneous expulsion and IL-4-induced expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which both live in the intestinal lumen, but it does not contribute to immunity against Trichinella spiralis, which lives within IEC. RELM-beta is nontoxic for H. polygyrus in vitro but directly inhibits the ability of worms to feed on host tissues during infection. This decreases H. polygyrus adenosine triphosphate content and fecundity. Importantly, RELM-beta-driven immunity does not require T or B cells, alternative macrophage activation, or increased gut permeability. Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for host protection at the mucosal interface that explains how stimulation of epithelial cells by IL-4 and IL-13 contributes to protection against parasitic helminthes that dwell in the intestinal lumen. C1 [Herbert, De'Broski R.; Khodoun, Marat; Orekov, Tatyana; Perkins, Charles; Finkelman, Fred D.] Cincinnati Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. [Herbert, De'Broski R.; Khodoun, Marat; Orekov, Tatyana; Finkelman, Fred D.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Wang, Quan] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Yang, Jun-Qi] Univ Cincinnati, Genome Res Inst, Cincinnati, OH 45227 USA. [Hogan, Simon P.; Groschwitz, Kathryn; Munitz, Ariel; Rothenberg, Marc E.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Perkins, Charles; Finkelman, Fred D.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Immunobiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. [Brombacher, Frank] Univ Cape Town, Int Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Brombacher, Frank] Univ Cape Town, Inst Infect Dis & Mol Med, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. [Perkins, Charles; Finkelman, Fred D.] USDA ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Finkelman, FD (reprint author), Cincinnati Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. EM ffinkelman@pol.net RI Herbert, De'Broski/J-7357-2012 OI Herbert, De'Broski/0000-0002-2449-5365 FU U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs and National Institutes of Health [RO1GM083204, RO1 GM49758, RO1 AI052099] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs and National Institutes of Health grants RO1GM083204, RO1 GM49758, and RO1 AI052099. NR 43 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 206 IS 13 BP 2947 EP 2957 DI 10.1084/jem.20091268 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 535RE UT WOS:000272987500012 PM 19995957 ER PT J AU Verner-Jeffreys, DW Welch, TJ Schwarz, T Pond, MJ Woodward, MJ Haig, SJ Rimmer, GSE Roberts, E Morrison, V Baker-Austin, C AF Verner-Jeffreys, David W. Welch, Timothy J. Schwarz, Tamar Pond, Michelle J. Woodward, Martin J. Haig, Sarah J. Rimmer, Georgina S. E. Roberts, Edward Morrison, Victoria Baker-Austin, Craig TI High Prevalence of Multidrug-Tolerant Bacteria and Associated Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Isolated from Ornamental Fish and Their Carriage Water SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; INTEGRONS; ENVIRONMENT; AQUACULTURE; PLASMIDS; IDENTIFICATION; DETERMINANTS AB Background: Antimicrobials are used to directly control bacterial infections in pet (ornamental) fish and are routinely added to the water these fish are shipped in to suppress the growth of potential pathogens during transport. Methodology/Principal Findings: To assess the potential effects of this sustained selection pressure, 127 Aeromonas spp. isolated from warm and cold water ornamental fish species were screened for tolerance to 34 antimicrobials. Representative isolates were also examined for the presence of 54 resistance genes by a combination of miniaturized microarray and conventional PCR. Forty-seven of 94 Aeromonas spp. isolates recovered from tropical ornamental fish and their carriage water were tolerant to >= 15 antibiotics, representing seven or more different classes of antimicrobial. The quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance gene, qnrS2, was detected at high frequency (37% tested recent isolates were positive by PCR). Class 1 integrons, IncA/C broad host range plasmids and a range of other antibiotic resistance genes, including floR, blaTEM21, tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), qacE2, sul1, and a number of different dihydrofolate reductase and aminoglycoside transferase coding genes were also detected in carriage water samples and bacterial isolates. Conclusions: These data suggest that ornamental fish and their carriage water act as a reservoir for both multi-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. C1 [Verner-Jeffreys, David W.; Schwarz, Tamar; Pond, Michelle J.; Haig, Sarah J.; Rimmer, Georgina S. E.; Roberts, Edward; Baker-Austin, Craig] Weymouth Lab, Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. [Welch, Timothy J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV USA. [Schwarz, Tamar; Haig, Sarah J.] Univ Glasgow, Div Infect & Immun, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Woodward, Martin J.; Morrison, Victoria] Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. RP Verner-Jeffreys, DW (reprint author), Weymouth Lab, Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, Dorset, England. EM david.verner-jeffreys@cefas.co.uk RI Woodward, Martin/E-8955-2010; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 FU UK government's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs [FC1178, FB001, FC1172] FX This study was funded by The UK government's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs through projects FC1178, FB001 and a sandwich placement studentship for T.S. (Project FC1172). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript NR 42 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 21 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8388 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008388 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 535AY UT WOS:000272940100021 PM 20027306 ER PT J AU Megens, HJ Crooijmans, RPMA Bastiaansen, JWM Kerstens, HHD Coster, A Jalving, R Vereijken, A Silva, P Muir, WM Cheng, HH Hanotte, O Groenen, MAM AF Megens, Hendrik-Jan Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A. Bastiaansen, John W. M. Kerstens, Hindrik H. D. Coster, Albart Jalving, Ruud Vereijken, Addie Silva, Pradeepa Muir, William M. Cheng, Hans H. Hanotte, Olivier Groenen, Martien A. M. TI Comparison of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype diversity on macro- and microchromosomes in chicken SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; HUMAN GENOME; SNPS; MAP; BIODIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; BREEDS; EXTENT AB Background: The chicken (Gallus gallus), like most avian species, has a very distinct karyotype consisting of many micro-and a few macrochromosomes. While it is known that recombination frequencies are much higher for micro-as compared to macrochromosomes, there is limited information on differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype diversity between these two classes of chromosomes. In this study, LD and haplotype diversity were systematically characterized in 371 birds from eight chicken populations (commercial lines, fancy breeds, and red jungle fowl) across macro-and microchromosomes. To this end we sampled four regions of similar to 1 cM each on macrochromosomes (GGA1 and GGA2), and four 1.5 -2 cM regions on microchromosomes (GGA26 and GGA27) at a high density of 1 SNP every 2 kb (total of 889 SNPs). Results: At a similar physical distance, LD, haplotype homozygosity, haploblock structure, and haplotype sharing were all lower for the micro-as compared to the macrochromosomes. These differences were consistent across populations. Heterozygosity, genetic differentiation, and derived allele frequencies were also higher for the microchromosomes. Differences in LD, haplotype variation, and haplotype sharing between populations were largely in line with known demographic history of the commercial chicken. Despite very low levels of LD, as measured by r(2) for most populations, some haploblock structure was observed, particularly in the macrochromosomes, but the haploblock sizes were typically less than 10 kb. Conclusion: Differences in LD between micro- and macrochromosomes were almost completely explained by differences in recombination rate. Differences in haplotype diversity and haplotype sharing between micro- and macrochromosomes were explained by differences in recombination rate and genotype variation. Haploblock structure was consistent with demography of the chicken populations, and differences in recombination rates between micro- and macrochromosomes. The limited haploblock structure and LD suggests that future whole-genome marker assays will need 100+K SNPs to exploit haplotype information. Interpretation and transferability of genetic parameters will need to take into account the size of chromosomes in chicken, and, since most birds have microchromosomes, in other avian species as well. C1 [Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A.; Bastiaansen, John W. M.; Kerstens, Hindrik H. D.; Coster, Albart; Groenen, Martien A. M.] Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jalving, Ruud] Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Sci & Soc, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Vereijken, Addie] Hendrix Genet, Boxmeer, Netherlands. [Silva, Pradeepa] Univ Peradeniya, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. [Muir, William M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Cheng, Hans H.] ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI USA. [Hanotte, Olivier] Univ Nottingham, Populat & Evolutionary Genet Dept, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hanotte, Olivier] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Megens, HJ (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, Anim Breeding & Genom Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. EM hendrik-jan.megens@wur.nl; richard.crooijmans@wur.nl; john.bastiaansen@wur.nl; hindrik.kerstens@wur.nl; albart.coster@wur.nl; ruud_jalving@yahoo.com; Addie.Vereijken@hendrix-genetics.com; pradeepas@pdn.ac.lk; bmuir@purdue.edu; hcheng@msu.edu; Olivier.Hanotte@nottingham.ac.uk; martien.groenen@wur.nl RI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/E-9676-2010; Bastiaansen, John/A-5733-2010; Groenen, Martien/D-8408-2012; Crooijmans, Richard/E-2492-2012; Hanotte, Olivier/B-4669-2013 OI Megens, Hendrik-Jan/0000-0002-3619-7533; Bastiaansen, John/0000-0002-6562-176X; Groenen, Martien/0000-0003-0484-4545; FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRICGP) [2004-05434] FX We would like to thank Andreia Amaral for aid in statistical analysis and Coline van Moorsel for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRICGP) grant no. 2004-05434. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 86 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-10-86 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 543ES UT WOS:000273554200001 PM 20021697 ER PT J AU Suguitan, AL Marino, MP Desai, PD Chen, LM Matsuoka, Y Donis, RO Jin, H Swayne, DE Kemble, G Subbarao, K AF Suguitan, Amorsolo L., Jr. Marino, Michael P. Desai, Purvi D. Chen, Li-Mei Matsuoka, Yumiko Donis, Ruben O. Jin, Hong Swayne, David E. Kemble, George Subbarao, Kanta TI The influence of the multi-basic cleavage site of the H5 hemagglutinin on the attenuation, immunogenicity and efficacy of a live attenuated influenza A H5N1 cold-adapted vaccine virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Influenza; H5N1; HA cleavability; Attenuation; Pandemic; Immunogenicity; A/VietNam/1203/04; Live vaccine; Multi-basic cleavage site ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; GENE CONSTELLATION; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; HIGH VIRULENCE; AMINO-ACID; PATHOGENICITY; STRAINS AB A recombinant live attenuated influenza virus Delta H5N1 vaccine with a modified hemagglutinin I (HA) and intact neuraminidase genes from A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) and six remaining genome segments from A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) cold-adapted (AA ca) virus was previously shown to be attenuated in chickens, mice and ferrets. Evaluation of the recombinant H5N1 viruses in mice indicated that three independent factors contributed to the attenuation of the Delta H5N1 vaccine: the attenuating mutations specified by the AA ca loci had the greatest influence, followed by the deletion of the H5 HA multi-basic cleavage site (MBS), and the constellation effects of the AA genes acting in concert with the H5N1 glycoproteins. Restoring the MBS in the H5 HA of the vaccine virus improved its immunogenicity and efficacy, likely as a consequence of increased virus replication, indicating that removal of the MBS had a deleterious effect on the immunogenicity and efficacy of the Delta H5N1 vaccine in mice. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chen, Li-Mei; Matsuoka, Yumiko; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jin, Hong; Kemble, George] MedImmune, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Suguitan, Amorsolo L., Jr.; Marino, Michael P.; Desai, Purvi D.; Subbarao, Kanta] NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Rm 3E13C1,33 North Dr,MSC 3203, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM suguitanjra@medimmune.com; Michael.Marino@fda.hhs.gov; desaip@mail.nih.gov; bpr5@cdc.gov; matsuokay@niaid.nih.gov; rvd6@cdc.gov; jinh@medimmune.com; David.Swayne@ARS.USDA.GOV; kembleg@medimmune.com; ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov FU NIAID; NIH FX We thank Jadon Jackson and the staff of the Comparative Medicine Branch, NIAID for superior technical Support for the animal studies performed at the NIH and Joan Beck for excellent assistance in performing studies in chickens at SEPRL. We are grateful to Dr. Le Quynh Mai, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam for providing the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1 wt virus used in this study which was made available to us by Drs. Nancy Cox and Alexander Klimov, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH and was performed as a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA No: Al-0155) between the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID and MedImmune. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CDC. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 20 PY 2009 VL 395 IS 2 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2009.09.017 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 531EU UT WOS:000272647300012 PM 19833372 ER PT J AU Crouch, JA Beirn, LA AF Crouch, J. A. Beirn, L. A. TI Anthracnose of cereals and grasses SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Review DE anthracnose; Colletotrichum; corn; disease epidemics; endophyte; oats; plant disease; phylogenetics; Poaceae; prairie; sorghum; sugarcane; turfgrass; wheat ID SPORED GRAMINICOLOUS COLLETOTRICHUM; INDUCED POINT MUTATION; ANNUAL BLUEGRASS; CORN ANTHRACNOSE; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA POPULATIONS; CONIDIAL MUCILAGE; SORGHUM-BICOLOR; PERFECT STAGE; MAIZE LEAVES AB Anthracnose impacts on the health of cereals and grasses worldwide and is caused by a monophyletic group of taxa in the genus Colletotrichum. During the past decade there have been important changes in our knowledge of flow the grass-associated Colletotrichum have evolved, and an increased understanding of the mechanisms by which these fungi engage in hemibiotrophic interactions with their host plants. Several new species of graminicolous Colletotrichum have been described from both cool- and warm-season grasses, revealing a pattern of distinctly specialized relationships between these fungi and their hosts. In this review, an overview of the Colletotrichum species that cause anthracnose disease in cereals and grasses is provided. The current knowledge of how these organisms interact with and impact their hosts, their evolutionary histories, population processes, and how these factors come together to influence the diversity and ecology of the graminicolous Colletotrichum group are highlighed. C1 [Crouch, J. A.; Beirn, L. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Crouch, JA (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM joannecrouch@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Crouch, Jo Anne/F-4322-2012; OI Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 FU Rutger Center for Turfgrass Science FX We are grateful to Gary Bergstrom, Ester Buiate, John Inguagiato, Eric McKenzie and Jeff Hoy for sharing photographs, and to the Rutger Center for Turfgrass Science for financial support. NR 181 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD DEC 18 PY 2009 VL 39 BP 19 EP 44 PG 26 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 543TB UT WOS:000273600400002 ER PT J AU Hyde, KD Cai, L Cannon, PF Crouch, JA Crous, PW Damm, U Goodwin, PH Chen, H Johnston, PR Jones, EBG Liu, ZY McKenzie, EHC Moriwaki, J Noireung, P Pennycook, SR Pfenning, LH Prihastuti, H Sato, T Shivas, RG Tan, YP Taylor, PWJ Weir, BS Yang, YL Zhang, JZ AF Hyde, K. D. Cai, L. Cannon, P. F. Crouch, J. A. Crous, P. W. Damm, U. Goodwin, P. H. Chen, H. Johnston, P. R. Jones, E. B. G. Liu, Z. Y. McKenzie, E. H. C. Moriwaki, J. Noireung, P. Pennycook, S. R. Pfenning, L. H. Prihastuti, H. Sato, T. Shivas, R. G. Tan, Y. P. Taylor, P. W. J. Weir, B. S. Yang, Y. L. Zhang, J. Z. TI Colletotrichum - names in current use SO FUNGAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Review DE anthracnose; molecular phylogeny; nomenclature; plant disease; plant pathogens; plant pathology; quarantine; taxonomy ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; IWOKRAMA-FOREST-RESERVE; COFFEA-ARABICA L.; POTATO BLACK DOT; INFECTION PROCESS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LEAF-SPOT; SP-NOV; ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AB Filamentous fungi in the genus Colletotrichum are destructive pathogens that cause disease and crop losses in plants worldwide. Taxonomy and nomenclature in the group is confusing, even to scientists working in the field, and inaccurate diagnosis of species is not uncommon. In this review, we provide a overview of the 66 Colletotrichum names that are in common use, and the 19 recently used names which are regarded as doubtful. This paper represents the first comprehensive overview of the genus in 17 years, and is the first summary treatment of Colletotrichum to incorporate data generated through DNA analysis and phylogenetic systematics. Species are listed alphabetically and annotated with their taxonomic entry, teleomorph, hosts and disease, brief summaries of taxonomic and phylogenetic research, and outstanding issues for the genus that are neccesary to stabilize species names. Sequence data and type culture collection resources are also summarized. The paper serves to provide a new starting point for usage of current names in Colletotrichum and indicates future work needed. C1 [Hyde, K. D.; Noireung, P.; Prihastuti, H.] Mae Fah Luang Univ, Sch Sci, Chaing Rai, Thailand. [Cai, L.] Novozymes, Ctr Res & Dev, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Cannon, P. F.] CABI, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. [Cannon, P. F.] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Crouch, J. A.] Agr Res Serv, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Crous, P. W.; Damm, U.] CBS KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Goodwin, P. H.] Univ Guelph, Sch Environm Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Hyde, K. D.; Chen, H.] Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Resource Insects, Int Fungal Res & Dev Ctr, Kunming 650224, Peoples R China. [Johnston, P. R.; McKenzie, E. H. C.; Pennycook, S. R.; Weir, B. S.] Landcare Res, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Jones, E. B. G.] NSTDA, Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, BIOTEC Bioresources Technol Unit, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand. [Liu, Z. Y.; Yang, Y. L.] Guizhou Acad Agr Sci, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, Peoples R China. [Moriwaki, J.] Natl Agr Res Ctr, Hokuriku Res Ctr, Natl Agr & Food Res Org, Niigata 9430193, Japan. [Pfenning, L. H.] Univ Fed Lavras UFLA, Dept Fitopatol, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Sato, T.] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [Shivas, R. G.; Tan, Y. P.] Queensland Primary Ind & Fisheries, Plant Pathol Herbarium, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Taylor, P. W. J.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Sch Land & Environm, BioMarka Ctr Plant Hlth, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Yang, Y. L.] Liupanshui Normal Coll, Dept Biol & Geog, Shuicheng 553006, Guizhou, Peoples R China. [Zhang, J. Z.] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Hyde, KD (reprint author), Mae Fah Luang Univ, Sch Sci, Chaing Rai, Thailand. EM kdhyde2@gmail.com RI Weir, Bevan/B-5057-2008; Crouch, Jo Anne/F-4322-2012; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012; Jones, Gareth/C-5137-2013; Damm, Ulrike/C-9539-2013; CAI, LEI/K-7226-2014; Taylor, Paul/K-4602-2015; OI Weir, Bevan/0000-0003-2580-0701; Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825; CAI, LEI/0000-0002-8131-7274; Taylor, Paul/0000-0003-3076-2084; Crouch, Jo Anne/0000-0001-6886-8090 FU Mae Fah Luang University [51101010029 and 52101010002]; National Non-profit Institute, China [CAFYBB2007002] FX Parts of this research were funded by research grants 51101010029 and 52101010002 awarded by Mae Fah Luang University and the China Grant for Essential Scientific Research of National Non-profit Institute (no. CAFYBB2007002). NR 262 TC 138 Z9 171 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1560-2745 J9 FUNGAL DIVERS JI Fungal Divers. PD DEC 18 PY 2009 VL 39 BP 147 EP 182 PG 36 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 543TB UT WOS:000273600400007 ER PT J AU Vincent, AL Lager, KM Harland, M Lorusso, A Zanella, E Ciacci-Zanella, JR Kehrli, ME Klimov, A AF Vincent, Amy L. Lager, Kelly M. Harland, Michelle Lorusso, Alessio Zanella, Eraldo Ciacci-Zanella, Janice R. Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr. Klimov, Alexander TI Absence of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus in Fresh Pork SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; SWINE; PIGS; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOGENESIS AB The emergence of the pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus in humans and subsequent discovery that it was of swine influenza virus lineages raised concern over the safety of pork. Pigs experimentally infected with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus developed respiratory disease; however, there was no evidence for systemic disease to suggest that pork from pigs infected with H1N1 influenza would contain infectious virus. These findings support the WHO recommendation that pork harvested from pandemic influenza A H1N1 infected swine is safe to consume when following standard meat hygiene practices. C1 [Vincent, Amy L.; Lager, Kelly M.; Harland, Michelle; Lorusso, Alessio; Zanella, Eraldo; Ciacci-Zanella, Janice R.; Kehrli, Marcus E., Jr.] ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Iowa City, IA USA. [Zanella, Eraldo] Univ Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. [Ciacci-Zanella, Janice R.] EMBRAPA Brazilian Agr Res Corp, Labex USA, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Klimov, Alexander] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vincent, AL (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Pr Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Iowa City, IA USA. EM amy.vincent@ars.usda.gov RI Zanella, Janice/C-3632-2014; Lorusso, Alessio/A-7311-2016; OI Lorusso, Alessio/0000-0001-7933-7367; Lorusso, Alessio/0000-0001-6156-8212 FU USDA-ARS; DHHS-CDC FX Funding was provided by USDA-ARS and DHHS-CDC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 18 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8367 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008367 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 534BN UT WOS:000272870600008 PM 20020048 ER PT J AU Gao, ZQ Zhang, WJ Gao, W Chang, NB AF Gao, Zhiqiang Zhang, Wenjiang Gao, Wei Chang, Ni-Bin TI Modeling the land surface heat exchange process with the aid of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer images SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem; heat flux; MODIS; remote sensing ID ENERGY BALANCE ALGORITHM; FLUXES; VEGETATION; TEMPERATURE; SOIL AB Most ecosystems and crops experience water stress in arid and semiarid areas of the Inner Mongolia grassland, Northern China. Yet the lack of long-term in situ monitoring data hinders the managerial capacity of changing water vapor environment, which is tied with sustaining the grassland in the Inner Mongolia. Environmental remote sensing monitoring and modeling may provide synergistic means of observing changes in thermodynamic balance during drought onset at the grassland surface, providing reliable projections accounting for variations and correlations of water vapor and heat fluxes. It is the aim of this paper to present a series of estimates of latent heat, sensible heat, and net radiation using an innovative first-principle, physics-based model (GEOMOD: GEO-model estimated the land surface heat with MODis data) with the aid of integrated satellite remote sensing and in situ eddy covariance data. Based on the energy balance principle and aerodynamics diffusion theory, the GEOMOD model is featured with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data with 250 m spatial resolution to collectively reflect the spatial heterogeneity of surface properties, supplement missing data with the neighborhood values across both spatial and temporal domains, estimate the surface roughness height and zero-plane displacement with dynamic look-up table, and implement a fast iterative algorithm to calculate sensible heat. Its analytical framework is designed against overreliance on local micro-meteorological parameters. Practical implementation was assessed in the study area, the Xilin Gol River Basin, a typical grassland environment, Northern China. With 179 days of MODIS data in support of modeling, coincident ground-based observations between 2000 and 2006 were selected for model calibration. The findings indicate that GEOMOD performs reasonably well in modeling the land surface heat exchange process, as demonstrated by a case study of Inner Mongolia. C1 [Gao, Zhiqiang; Zhang, Wenjiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, USDA UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Gao, Wei] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ctr Remote Sensing & Modeling Agr Sustainabil, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Gao, Zhiqiang; Zhang, Wenjiang; Gao, Wei] E China Normal Univ, Joint Lab Environm Remote Sensing & Data Assimila, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Chang, Ni-Bin] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil Environm & Construct Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Gao, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM gaozq@igsnrr.ac.cn; wgao@uvb.nrel.colostate.edu; nchang@mail.ucf.edu RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 FU national key laboratory [1088RA400S]; National 973 Key Project of China [2006CB403404]; National Key Technology RD Program [2006BAB04A08]; USDA CSREES [2006-34263-16926] FX This work was collectively supported by creative group project of national key laboratory (1088RA400S), National 973 Key Project of China (2006CB403404), the project of "The Modification of Meteorological Observation of Anhui Province based on Technology of Remote Sensing and Modeling", National Key Technology R&D Program (2006BAB04A08) and USDA CSREES (g2006-34263-16926). NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD DEC 17 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033573 DI 10.1117/1.3290811 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 540BF UT WOS:000273304800001 ER PT J AU Cornman, RS AF Cornman, R. Scott TI Molecular Evolution of Drosophila Cuticular Protein Genes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CIS-REGULATORY SEQUENCES; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CUTICLE GENE; R CONSENSUS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; FAMILY EVOLUTION; PUPAL CUTICLE; GENOMIC DNA; MELANOGASTER AB Several multigene families have been described that together encode scores of structural cuticular proteins in Drosophila, although the functional significance of this diversity remains to be explored. Here I investigate the evolutionary histories of several multigene families (CPR, Tweedle, CPLCG, and CPF/CPFL) that vary in age, size, and sequence complexity, using sequenced Drosophila genomes and mosquito outgroups. My objective is to describe the rates and mechanisms of 'cuticleome' divergence, in order to identify conserved and rapidly evolving elements. I also investigate potential examples of interlocus gene conversion and concerted evolution within these families during Drosophila evolution. The absolute rate of change in gene number (per million years) is an order of magnitude lower for cuticular protein families within Drosophila than it is among Drosophila and the two mosquito taxa, implying that major transitions in the cuticle proteome have occurred at higher taxonomic levels. Several hotspots of intergenic conversion and/or gene turnover were identified, e. g. some gene pairs have independently undergone intergenic conversion within different lineages. Some gene conversion hotspots were characterized by conversion tracts initiating near nucleotide repeats within coding regions, and similar repeats were found within concertedly evolving cuticular protein genes in Anopheles gambiae. Rates of amino-acid substitution were generally several fold higher along the branch connecting the Sophophora and Drosophila species groups, and 13 genes have Ka/Ks significantly greater than one along this branch, indicating adaptive divergence. Insect cuticular proteins appear to be a source of adaptive evolution within genera and, at higher taxonomic levels, subject to periods of gene-family expansion and contraction followed by quiescence. However, this relative stasis is belied by hotspots of molecular evolution, particularly concerted evolution, during the diversification of Drosophila. The prominent association between interlocus gene conversion and repeats within the coding sequence of interacting genes suggests that the latter promote strand exchange. C1 [Cornman, R. Scott] Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cornman, RS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM scott.cornman@gmail.com FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [A155624] FX The author was supported during the initiation of this work by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant A155624 to Judith H. Willis, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The remainder of the work was completed with no outside funding. NR 49 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 17 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8345 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008345 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533OR UT WOS:000272834200012 PM 20019874 ER PT J AU Lim, C Yildirim-Aksoy, M Li, MHH Welker, TL Klesius, PH AF Lim, Chhorn Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha Li, Menghe H. Welker, Thomas L. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Influence of dietary levels of lipid and vitamin E on growth and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Lipid; Vitamin E; Nile tilapia; Immune responses; Disease resistance ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; SPARUS-AURATA L.; JUVENILE HYBRID TILAPIA; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; ALPHA-TOCOPHERYL ACETATE; X OREOCHROMIS-AUREUS; OXIDIZED FISH-OIL; CHANNEL CATFISH AB A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary levels of lipid and vitamin E on growth performance, immune responses and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge. A basal purified diet (35% protein and 3.4 kcal DE/g) supplemented with 6, 10 and 14% of 1:1 mixture of corn oil and menhaden fish oil was each supplemented with 50, 100 and 200 mg vitamin E/kg. Each diet was fed to Nile tilapia in triplicate aquaria for 12 weeks. Weight gain, feed intake and survival were not affected by dietary levels of either lipid or vitamin E. Feed efficiency in fish fed 14% lipid diets was significantly lower than that fed 6% dietary lipid but these did not differ from that of the 10% dietary lipid diet. These variables were not affected by dietary vitamin E levels. Whole body lipid significantly increased in fish fed 14% lipid diets and 100 mg/kg vitamin E diets. Liver alpha-tocopherol levels were reflective of dietary levels of vitamin E. Increasing dietary levels of lipid to 14%, however, significantly decreased liver concentration of (x-tocopherol. Hematological parameters and hepatosomatic indices were not affected by dietary treatments. Serum protein significantly increased in fish fed 14% lipid diets but was not affected by supplemental levels of vitamin E. Lysozyme activity was not affected by dietary lipid levels but significantly increased in fish fed 200 mg vitamin E diets. Alternative complement activity significantly decreased in fish fed 10 or 14% dietary lipids but increased when dietary vitamin E levels was increased to 100 or 200 mg. Dietary lipid and vitamin E levels had no effect on the resistance of Nile tilapia to S. iniae infection and on antibody titer against that bacterium. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lim, Chhorn; Yildirim-Aksoy, Mediha; Welker, Thomas L.; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Li, Menghe H.] Mississippi State Univ, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, MSA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM clim@ars.usda.gov NR 71 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 16 PY 2009 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 76 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.09.025 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 533XL UT WOS:000272859100011 ER PT J AU Harpster, MH Zhang, H Sankara-Warrier, AK Ray, BH Ward, TR Kollmar, JP Carron, KT Mecham, JO Corcoran, RC Wilson, WC Johnson, PA AF Harpster, Mark H. Zhang, Hao Sankara-Warrier, Ajaya K. Ray, Bryan H. Ward, Timothy R. Kollmar, J. Pablo Carron, Keith T. Mecham, James O. Corcoran, Robert C. Wilson, William C. Johnson, Patrick A. TI SERS detection of indirect viral DNA capture using colloidal gold and methylene blue as a Raman label SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Surface enhanced Raman scattering; DNA; West Nile Virus; Indirect nucleic acid capture; Methylene blue; Quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SILVER ELECTRODE; SURFACE-PLASMON; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT AB An indirect capture model assay using colloidal Au nanoparticles is demonstrated for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy detection of DNA. The sequence targeted for capture was derived from the West Nile Virus (WNV) RNA genome and selected on the basis of exhibiting minimal secondary structure formation. Upon incubation with colloidal Au, hybridization complexes containing the WNV target sequence, a complementary capture oligonucleotide conjugated to a strong tethering group and a complementary reporter oligonucleotide conjugated to methylene blue (MB), a Raman label, anchors the resultant ternary complex to Au nanoparticles and positions MB within the required sensing distance for SERS enhancement. The subsequent elicitation of surface enhanced plasmon resonance by laser excitation provides a spectral peak signature profile that is capture-specific and characteristic of the Raman spectrum for MB. Detection sensitivity is in the submicromolar range and was shown to be highest for thiol, and less so for amino, modifications at the 51 terminus of the capture oligonucleotide. Finally, using Quartz Crystal Microbalance-Dissipation as a tool for modeling ternary complex binding to Au surfaces, quantitative measurements of surface mass coverage on Au plated sensor crystals established a positive correlation between levels of ternary complex adsorption and their correspondent levels of SERS signal intensification. Adapted to a compact Raman spectrometer, which is designed for analyte detection in capillary tubes, this assay provides a rapid, mobile and cost effective alternative to expensive spectroscopic instrumentation, which is often restricted to analytical laboratories. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Hao; Johnson, Patrick A.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Harpster, Mark H.; Mecham, James O.; Wilson, William C.] USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sankara-Warrier, Ajaya K.; Ward, Timothy R.; Kollmar, J. Pablo; Corcoran, Robert C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ray, Bryan H.; Carron, Keith T.] DeltaNu Inc, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM pjohns27@uwyo.edu FU Rocky Mountain Regional Center for Excellence (NIH) [U54 AI-065357-03]; USDA-ARS [5410-32000-015-00D] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Rocky Mountain Regional Center for Excellence (NIH grant U54 AI-065357-03) and by USDA-ARS projects 5410-32000-015-00D. We also thank Samantha Granum for technical assistance in the early stages of this work. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility Of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NIH or the USDA. NR 60 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 674 EP 681 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.020 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 528JI UT WOS:000272439800003 PM 19740646 ER PT J AU Adhikari, BN Lin, CY Bai, XD Ciche, TA Grewal, PS Dillman, AR Chaston, JM Shapiro-Ilan, DI Bilgrami, AL Gaugler, R Sternberg, PW Adams, BJ AF Adhikari, Bishwo N. Lin, Chin-Yo Bai, Xiaodong Ciche, Todd A. Grewal, Parwinder S. Dillman, Adler R. Chaston, John M. Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Bilgrami, Anwar L. Gaugler, Randy Sternberg, Paul W. Adams, Byron J. TI Transcriptional profiling of trait deterioration in the insect pathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES; HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; BRUGIA-MALAYI; C-ELEGANS; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; IONIZING-RADIATION; LIFE-SPAN; KINASE AB Background: The success of a biological control agent depends on key traits, particularly reproductive potential, environmental tolerance, and ability to be cultured. These traits can deteriorate rapidly when the biological control agent is reared in culture. Trait deterioration under laboratory conditions has been widely documented in the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb) but the specific mechanisms behind these genetic processes remain unclear. This research investigates the molecular mechanisms of trait deterioration of two experimental lines of Hb, an inbred line (L5M) and its original parental line (OHB). We generated transcriptional profiles of two experimental lines of Hb, identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and validated their differential expression in the deteriorated line. Results: An expression profiling study was performed between experimental lines L5M and OHB of Hb with probes for 15,220 ESTs from the Hb transcriptome. Microarray analysis showed 1,185 DEGs comprising of 469 down-and 716 up-regulated genes in trait deteriorated nematodes. Analysis of the DEGs showed that trait deterioration involves massive changes of the transcripts encoding enzymes involved in metabolism, signal transduction, virulence and longevity. We observed a pattern of reduced expression of enzymes related to primary metabolic processes and induced secondary metabolism. Expression of sixteen DEGs in trait deteriorated nematodes was validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) which revealed similar expression kinetics for all the genes tested as shown by microarray. Conclusion: As the most closely related major entomopathogen to C. elegans, Hb provides an attractive near-term application for using a model organism to better understand interspecies interactions and to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying trait deterioration in biological control agents. This information could also be used to improve the beneficial traits of biological control agents and better understand fundamental aspects of nematode parasitism and mutualism. C1 [Adhikari, Bishwo N.; Adams, Byron J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Adhikari, Bishwo N.; Adams, Byron J.] Brigham Young Univ, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Lin, Chin-Yo; Dillman, Adler R.; Chaston, John M.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bai, Xiaodong; Grewal, Parwinder S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ciche, Todd A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dillman, Adler R.; Sternberg, Paul W.] CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Chaston, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53076 USA. [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Bilgrami, Anwar L.; Gaugler, Randy] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Adhikari, BN (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM adhikaribn@hotmail.com; chinyolin@byu.edu; bai.29@osu.edu; ciche@msu.edu; grewal.4@osu.edu; adlerd@caltech.edu; chaston@wisc.edu; david.shapiro@ars.usda.gov; anwarbil@rci.rutgers.edu; gaugler@rci.rutgers.edu; pws@caltech.edu; bjadams@byu.edu RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009; Adhikari, Bishwo /E-8144-2013; OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352; Adhikari, Bishwo /0000-0003-1594-8470; Lin, Chin-Yo/0000-0002-4461-6216; Dillman, Adler/0000-0001-7171-4332; Ciche, Todd/0000-0002-1462-5269; Sternberg, Paul/0000-0002-7699-0173; Adhikari, Bishwo/0000-0003-4840-9609 FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/National Science Foundation (NSF); National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); USDA National Research Initiative (NRI) FX This work was supported by a grant from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)/National Science Foundation (NSF) Microbial Genome Sequence Program and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) awarded to PSG, TAC, RG, PWS and BJA, and a USDA National Research Initiative (NRI) grant to DIS, RG and BJA. W. E. Johnson provided important advice concerning microarray data analysis. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 609 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-609 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 543JB UT WOS:000273570700003 PM 20003534 ER PT J AU Peyretaillade, E Goncalves, O Terrat, S Dugat-Bony, E Wincker, P Cornman, RS Evans, JD Delbac, F Peyret, P AF Peyretaillade, Eric Goncalves, Olivier Terrat, Sebastien Dugat-Bony, Eric Wincker, Patrick Cornman, Robert S. Evans, Jay D. Delbac, Frederic Peyret, Pierre TI Identification of transcriptional signals in Encephalitozoon cuniculi widespread among Microsporidia phylum: support for accurate structural genome annotation SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; CORE PROMOTER; ANTONOSPORA-LOCUSTAE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GIARDIA-LAMBLIA; SEQUENCE; MITOCHONDRIA; CHROMOSOME; MUTATIONS AB Background: Microsporidia are obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites with genomes ranging in size from 2.3 Mbp to more than 20 Mbp. The extremely small (2.9 Mbp) and highly compact (similar to 1 gene/kb) genome of the human parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi has been fully sequenced. The aim of this study was to characterize noncoding motifs that could be involved in regulation of gene expression in E. cuniculi and to show whether these motifs are conserved among the phylum Microsporidia. Results: To identify such signals, 5' and 3'RACE-PCR experiments were performed on different E. cuniculi mRNAs. This analysis confirmed that transcription overrun occurs in E. cuniculi and may result from stochastic recognition of the AAUAAA polyadenylation signal. Such experiments also showed highly reduced 5'UTR's (< 7 nts). Most of the E. cuniculi genes presented a CCC-like motif immediately upstream from the coding start. To characterize other signals involved in differential transcriptional regulation, we then focused our attention on the gene family coding for ribosomal proteins. An AAATTT-like signal was identified upstream from the CCC-like motif. In rare cases the cytosine triplet was shown to be substituted by a GGG-like motif. Comparative genomic studies confirmed that these different signals are also located upstream from genes encoding ribosomal proteins in other microsporidian species including Antonospora locustae, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Anncaliia algerae (syn. Brachiola algerae) and Nosema ceranae. Based on these results a systematic analysis of the similar to 2000 E. cuniculi coding DNA sequences was then performed and brings to highlight that 364 translation initiation codons (18.29% of total CDSs) had been badly predicted. Conclusion: We identified various signals involved in the maturation of E. cuniculi mRNAs. Presence of such signals, in phylogenetically distant microsporidian species, suggests that a common regulatory mechanism exists among the microsporidia. Furthermore, 5'UTRs being strongly reduced, these signals can be used to ensure the accurate prediction of translation initiation codons for microsporidian genes and to improve microsporidian genome annotation. C1 [Peyretaillade, Eric; Goncalves, Olivier; Terrat, Sebastien; Dugat-Bony, Eric; Peyret, Pierre] Clermont Univ, Lab Microorganismes Genome & Environm, Univ Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Peyretaillade, Eric; Goncalves, Olivier; Terrat, Sebastien; Dugat-Bony, Eric; Delbac, Frederic; Peyret, Pierre] CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, F-63173 Aubiere, France. [Delbac, Frederic] Clermont Univ, Lab Microorganismes Genome & Environm, Univ Blaise Pascal, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Wincker, Patrick] Genoscope, IG, DSV, CEA, F-91000 Evry, France. [Cornman, Robert S.; Evans, Jay D.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Peyret, P (reprint author), Clermont Univ, Lab Microorganismes Genome & Environm, Univ Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France. EM eric.peyretaillade@iut.u-clermont1.fr; olivier.goncalves@iut.u-clermont1.fr; sebastien.terrat@gmail.com; eric.dugat@univ-bpclermont.fr; pwincker@genoscope.cns.fr; scott.cornman@gmail.com; Jay.Evans@ARS.USDA.GOV; frederic.delbac@univ-bpclermont.fr; pipeyret@univ-bpclermont.fr RI Goncalves, Olivier/C-6869-2013; Parisot, Nicolas/C-8116-2012; Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; Dugat-Bony, Eric/K-2455-2014; OI Goncalves, Olivier/0000-0002-9498-6194; Parisot, Nicolas/0000-0001-5217-8415; Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; Dugat-Bony, Eric/0000-0002-5182-0063; PEYRET, Pierre/0000-0003-3114-0586 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 607 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-607 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 543JB UT WOS:000273570700001 PM 20003517 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Liu, WZ Li, Z Zheng, FL AF Zhang, X. -C. Liu, W. -Z. Li, Z. Zheng, F. -L TI Simulating site-specific impacts of climate change on soil erosion and surface hydrology in southern Loess Plateau of China SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Impact of Environmental Change on Sediment Sources and Sediment Delivery CY JUL 09-13, 2007 CL Perugia, ITALY DE Climate change; Impact assessment; Runoff; Soil erosion ID CROP PRODUCTION; MODEL OUTPUT; PRECIPITATION; PRODUCTIVITY; RUNOFF AB Proper spatial and temporal treatments of climate change scenarios projected by General Circulation Models (GCMs) are critical to accurate assessment of climatic impacts on natural resources and ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the site-specific impacts of climate change on soil erosion and surface hydrology at the Changwu station of Shaanxi, China using a new spatiotemporal downscaling method. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and climate change scenarios projected by the U.K. Hadley Centre's GCM (HadCM3) under the A2, B2, and GGa emissions scenarios were used in this study. The monthly precipitation and temperature projections were downloaded for the periods of 1900-1999 and 2010-2039 for the grid box containing the Changwu station. Univariate transfer functions were derived by matching probability distributions between station-measured and GCM-projected monthly precipitation and temperature for the 1950-1999 period. The derived functions were used to spatially downscale the GCM monthly projections of 2010-2039 in the grid box to the Changwu station. The downscaled monthly data were further disaggregated to daily weather series using a stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN). The HadCM3 projected that average annual precipitation during 2010-2039 would increase by 4 to 18% at Changwu and that frequency and intensity of large storms would also increase. Under the conventional tillage, simulated percent increases during 2010-2039, compared with the present climate, would be 49-112% for runoff and 31-167% for soil loss. However, simulated soil losses under the conservation tillage during 2010-2039 would be reduced by 39-51% compared with those under the conventional tillage in the present climate. The considerable reduction in soil loss in the conservation tillage indicates the importance of adopting conservation tillage in the region to control soil erosion under climate change. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhang, X. -C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Liu, W. -Z.; Li, Z.; Zheng, F. -L] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resource & Environm, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Liu, W. -Z.; Zheng, F. -L] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM John.Zhang@ars.usda.gov RI LI, ZHI/D-7204-2015 OI LI, ZHI/0000-0002-9268-6497 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 EI 1872-6887 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 79 IS 3 SI SI BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2009.01.006 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 522SP UT WOS:000272019300008 ER PT J AU Pan, YD Birdsey, R Hom, J McCullough, K AF Pan, Yude Birdsey, Richard Hom, John McCullough, Kevin TI Separating effects of changes in atmospheric composition, climate and land-use on carbon sequestration of US Mid-Atlantic temperate forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Ecosystem productivity; Elevated CO2; Ozone pollution; N deposition; Ecosystem process model; FIA data ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PROGRESSIVE NITROGEN LIMITATION; UNITED-STATES; ELEVATED CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HARDWOOD FORESTS; USE HISTORY; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES AB Terrestrial carbon dynamics have been vastly modified because of changes in atmospheric composition, climate, and land-use. However, few studies provide a complete analysis of the factors and interactions that affect carbon dynamics over a large landscape. This study examines how changes in atmospheric composition (CO2, O-3 and N deposition), climate and land-use affected carbon dynamics and sequestration in Mid-Atlantic temperate forests during the 20th century. We modified and applied the PnET-CN model, a well established process-based ecosystem model with a strong foundation of ecosystem knowledge from experimental studies. We validated the model results using the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data. Our results suggest that chronic changes in atmospheric chemistry over the past century markedly affected carbon dynamics and sequestration in Mid-Atlantic temperate forests, while climate change only had a minor impact although inter-annual climatic variability had a far more substantial effect. The NPP response to a century of chronic change in atmospheric composition at the regional scale was an increase of 29%, of which, 14% was from elevated CO2, 17% from N deposition, 6% from the interaction between CO2 and N deposition, and minus 8% from tropospheric ozone. Climate change increased NPP by only 4%. Disturbed forests had 6% lower NPP than undisturbed forests after seven decades. Regrowing forests after harvesting and natural disturbances had much greater capacity for sequestering carbon than undisturbed old-growth forests even though the newer forests had slightly lower net primary production (NPP). The modeling results indicated that N deposition was a stronger force than elevated CO2 for increasing NPP and fast turnover tissues, while elevated CO2 favored more sustainable carbon storage and sequestration. The model results are consistent with various experiments and observations and demonstrate a powerful approach to integrate and expand our knowledge of complex interactive effects of multiple environmental changes on forest carbon dynamics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard; Hom, John; McCullough, Kevin] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Pan, YD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq Corp Campus,11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM ypan@fs.fed.us RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015 FU USDA Forest Service; USFS Climate Change Research; NASA [NS-7641] FX We wish to acknowledge the ongoing support of the USDA Forest Service Global Change Research Program, USFS Climate Change Research Funds, and the support from NASA grant NS-7641. NR 82 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.049 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 534IO UT WOS:000272890000002 ER PT J AU Roznik, EA Johnson, SA Greenberg, CH Tanner, GW AF Roznik, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Steve A. Greenberg, Cathryn H. Tanner, George W. TI Terrestrial movements and habitat use of gopher frogs in longleaf pine forests: A comparative study of juveniles and adults SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Burrow; Fire suppression; Gopher frog; Habitat use; Longleaf pine; Movement; Migration; Pinus palustris; Refuge; Rana capito ID POND-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS; RANA-CAPITO; FLORIDA; FIRE; SIZE; CONSERVATION; SALAMANDERS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; MIGRATION AB Many animals exhibit changes in patterns of movement and habitat use as they age, and understanding such ontogenetic shifts is important for ensuring that habitat management is appropriate for all life stages. We used radiotelemetry to study movements and habitat use of juvenile and adult gopher frogs (Rana capito) as they migrated from the same ponds following metamorphosis or breeding. To supplement radiotelemetry data, we also captured adult gopher frogs at drift fences as they left ponds for the terrestrial environment. We directly compared patterns of movement, directional orientation, macrohabitat use (forest type), and microhabitat use (refugia) between the two life stages. Both juveniles and adults moved considerable distances from breeding ponds (up to 691 m) and selected fire-maintained longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forest over fire-suppressed forest. However, fire-suppressed habitat appeared to be a greater barrier to juveniles than adults. Additionally, we found differences in microhabitat use; both juveniles and adults used underground refuges (e.g., burrows and stump holes) for shelter, but juveniles used such refuges less often than adults. juveniles also took more time than adults to locate their first refuge after exiting ponds. These differences may reflect the juveniles' lack of experience in terrestrial habitats. Unlike juveniles, adults are likely more familiar with the locations of specific habitat features (e.g., burrows and ponds) and may take the shortest routes when moving among them, even if it requires moving through fire-suppressed habitat. Previous research has recommended that terrestrial habitats surrounding breeding ponds should be managed with frequent prescribed fire (i.e., 1-3-year intervals) in order to maintain suitable terrestrial habitat for juvenile gopher frogs, and our study suggests that these management practices are also likely beneficial to adults. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Roznik, Elizabeth A.; Johnson, Steve A.; Tanner, George W.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnson, Steve A.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Plant City, FL 33563 USA. [Greenberg, Cathryn H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Roznik, EA (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM elizabeth.roznik@jcu.edu.au FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) [05169, WX06175]; U.S. Forest Service and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission [05044]; Institute of Food and Agricultural Science at the University of Florida FX The radiotelemetry portion of our study was supported by a Nongame Wildlife Grant from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC contract no. 05169) and a research permit issued by the same agency (permit no. WX06175). We acknowledge V. Mattson, C. Sanders, and M. Evans for help administering this grant. The U.S. Forest Service and the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (through a State Wildlife Grant, FWC agreement no. 05044) provided financial support for maintaining and operating the drift fences at our study ponds. We thank D. Pike and B. Todd for helpful comments on the manuscript, C. Bugbee, S. Doucette-Riise, Y. Kornilev, D. Pike, and T. Sheltra for assisting with fieldwork, students from the University of Florida and Eckerd College for help installing drift fences, and the many technicians and volunteers who monitored drift fences over the past 14 years. The Institute of Food and Agricultural Science at the University of Florida provided partial support for E. Roznik. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.007 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 534IO UT WOS:000272890000005 ER PT J AU Foley, TG Richter, DD Galik, CS AF Foley, Timothy G. Richter, Daniel deB. Galik, Christopher S. TI Extending rotation age for carbon sequestration: A cross-protocol comparison of North American forest offsets SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Carbon market; Forest carbon; Forest management; Offset ID SOIL CARBON; STORAGE; OREGON; STOCKS; USA AB Through carbon offset programs, forest owners can be offered financial incentives to enhance the uptake and storage of carbon on their lands, The amount of carbon that can be claimed by an individual landowner will ultimately depend on multiple factors, including the productivity of the forest, the management history of the stand, and the program in which the landowner is participating. This project presents a modeling framework for forest carbon accounting which is driven by forest yield curves and carbon pool partitioning. Within this model the amount of creditable carbon generated from adjusting the rotation age of multiple forest stands can be estimated for 46 distinct North American forest types. The model also provides a comparison of total creditable carbon generated under three carbon accounting methodologies: the Department of Energy 1605b Registry, the Chicago Climate Exchange, and the Voluntary Carbon Standard. In our evaluation of a 5-year rotation extension across 102 unique modeling scenarios, we find large differences among the carbon accounting schemes. This has implications for both forest landowners and policymakers alike. in particular, methodologies to account for such issues as leakage, permanence, additionality, and baseline establishment, while potentially increasing the overall legitimacy of any forest carbon offset program, can reduce creditable carbon to the forest owner (by up to 70%). Regardless of the protocol used, we also note strong regional differences, with Pacific Northwest forests of fir, spruce, hemlock, alder and maple being the most effective at sequestering carbon on a per area basis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Foley, Timothy G.; Richter, Daniel deB.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Foley, TG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM tfoley@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.014 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 534IO UT WOS:000272890000007 ER PT J AU Pelster, DE Kolka, RK Prepas, EE AF Pelster, David E. Kolka, Randall K. Prepas, Ellie E. TI Overstory vegetation influence nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon flux from the atmosphere to the forest floor: Boreal Plain, Canada SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Inorganic nitrogen; Dissolved organic carbon; Runoff; Boreal forest; Throughfall; Atmospheric deposition ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; CANOPY EXCHANGE; THROUGHFALL DEPOSITION; DRY DEPOSITION; NEW-YORK; PHOSPHORUS; CHEMISTRY; PRECIPITATION; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS AB Nitrate, ammonium, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and flux were measured for one year in bulk deposition and throughfall from three stand types (upland deciduous, upland conifer and wetland conifer) on the Boreal Plain, Canada. Annual (November 2006 to October 2007 water year) flux rates in bulk deposition were 80, 216,114 and 410 mg N m(-2) for nitrate, ammonium, DON and TDN, respectively, and 3.5 g C m(-2) for DOC. The nitrate and ammonium flux in throughfall were approximately 50% of the flux in bulk deposition, while TDN flux in throughfall was 60-74% of the flux in bulk deposition. The DOC flux in throughfall was approximately 2 times greater than DOC flux in bulk deposition, while there was no detectable difference in DON flux. The forest canopy generally had the most impact on throughfall chemistry during the active growing season as compared with the dormant season, although DOC concentrations in throughfall of deciduous stands was highest during autumn. For the upland stands, TDN flow-weighted mean concentrations in the snowpack were not detectably different from the concentrations in throughfall and bulk deposition throughout the rest of the year. However, ammonium concentrations were lower and DON concentrations were higher in the snowpack than in either throughfall or bulk deposition for the other seasons, suggesting some transformation of ammonium to DON within the snowpack. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pelster, David E.; Prepas, Ellie E.] Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Kolka, Randall K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Prepas, Ellie E.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. RP Pelster, DE (reprint author), Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. EM dpelster@lakeheadu.ca FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Collaborative Research and Development; Millar Western Forest Products Ltd.; Blue Ridge Lumber Inc. (a Division of West Fraser Timber Company Ltd.); Alberta Newsprint Company (ANC Timber); Vanderwell Contractors (1971) Ltd.; AbitibiBowater Inc. (formerly Bowater Canadian Forest Products Ltd.); Buchanan Forest Products Ltd. (Ontario); Buchanan Lumber (Alberta); Talisman Energy Inc.; TriStar Oil Gas Ltd.; Alberta Forestry Research Institute; Forest Resource Improvement Association of Alberta; Living Legacy Research; NSERC FX The FORWARD project is funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery and Collaborative Research and Development Programs and Millar Western Forest Products Ltd., as well as Blue Ridge Lumber Inc. (a Division of West Fraser Timber Company Ltd.), Alberta Newsprint Company (ANC Timber), Vanderwell Contractors (1971) Ltd., AbitibiBowater Inc. (formerly Bowater Canadian Forest Products Ltd.), Buchanan Forest Products Ltd. (Ontario), Buchanan Lumber (Alberta), Talisman Energy Inc., TriStar Oil & Gas Ltd., the Alberta Forestry Research Institute, The Forest Resource Improvement Association of Alberta and the Living Legacy Research Program. During the period of study, the senior author received support from an NSERC Postgraduate Scholarship. Zachary Long and Scott Eberwein helped out with the fieldwork, while Dr. Mingsheng Ma with the Biogeochemical Analytical Laboratory at the University of Alberta analyzed the water samples. Janice Burke (Lakehead University) contributed to earlier drafts of this manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers also contributed greatly in improving the quality of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 2 BP 210 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.017 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 534IO UT WOS:000272890000008 ER PT J AU Bonnot, TW Millspaugh, JJ Rumble, M AF Bonnot, Thomas W. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Rumble, Mark TI Multi-scale nest-site selection by black-backed woodpeckers in outbreaks of mountain pine beetles SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Discrete choice; Wood borer; Picoides arcticus; Post-fire; Habitat ID PICOIDES-TRIDACTYLUS; RESOURCE SELECTION; BIRD POPULATIONS; CONIFER FORESTS; SIERRA-NEVADA; FIRE; ABUNDANCE; WILDFIRE; ECOLOGY; COMMUNITIES AB Areas of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks in the Black Hills can provide habitat for black-backed woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus), a U.S. Forest Service, Region 2 Sensitive Species. These outbreaks are managed through removal of trees infested with mountain pine beetles to control mountain pine beetle populations and salvage timber resources. To minimize impacts to black-backed woodpeckers while meeting management objectives, there is a need to identify characteristics of these areas that support black-backed woodpeckers. We examined the habitat associations of this species nesting in areas of beetle outbreaks in the Black Hills, South Dakota in 2004 and 2005. We used an information theoretic approach and discrete choice models to evaluate nest-site selection of 42 woodpecker nests at 3 spatial scales-territory, nest area, and nest tree. At the territory scale (250 m around nest), availability and distribution of food best explained black-backed woodpecker selection of beetle outbreaks versus the surrounding forest. Selection at the territory scale was positively associated with densities of trees currently infested by mountain pine beetles and indices of wood borer (Cerambycidae and Buprestidae) abundance, and was greatest at distances of 50-100 m from the nearest patch of infestation. At the nest-area scale (12.5 m radius around the nest), densities of snags positively influenced nest-area selection. Finally, at the nest-tree scale, aspen (Populus tremuloides) and 3-5-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) snags were important resources. The association between abundant wood-boring insects and black-backed woodpeckers creates a difficult challenge for forest managers. In the absence of fire, areas of beetle outbreak might serve as the only substantial source of habitat in the Black Hills. Regulating insect populations via salvage logging will reduce key food resources to black-backed woodpeckers during nesting. Therefore, given the relatively infrequent occurrence of large-scale fire in the Black Hills, management should recognize the importance of beetle-killed forests to the long-term viability of the black-backed woodpecker population in the Black Hills. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bonnot, Thomas W.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Rumble, Mark] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RP Bonnot, TW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, 302 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bonnott@missouri.edu; millspaughj@missouri.edu; mrumble@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station [03-JV-11221609-228]; South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks [04-CO-11221609-254]; Wildlife Diversity Small Grants; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia FX Funding and support for this study were provided by the U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (03-JV-11221609-228), South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks (04-CO-11221609-254 and Wildlife Diversity Small Grants), and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia). Thanks to F.R. Thompson, III, Mj. Linit, R.M. King, and BE Washburn and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments and contributions to this manuscript. We thank J. Butler, S. Deisch and D. Backlund for their support of our research and T. Juntti for providing technical support. NR 62 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 2 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.021 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 534IO UT WOS:000272890000009 ER PT J AU Kong, XB Dao, TH Qin, J Qin, HY Li, CZ Zhang, FR AF Kong, Xiangbin Dao, Thanh H. Qin, Jing Qin, Haiyi Li, Cuizheng Zhang, Fengrong TI Effects of soil texture and land use interactions on organic carbon in soils in North China cities' urban fringe SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil organic carbon; Land use conversion; Soil texture; Urban fringe; North China Plain ID CROPPING SYSTEMS; GREAT-PLAINS; N CHANGES; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; MATTER; NUTRIENTS; ROTATION; STORAGE; POOLS AB Limited information exists on the linkages between soil texture and land use on C storage efficiency. Organic C concentration in soils at the rural-urban interface was measured in 1982, 2000, and 2006 to determine controlling factors and optimal land use type to enhance soil organic C (SOC) storage in benchmark soil textural classes in the North China Plain's Daxing district. Soil texture was the key to attaining elevated SOC concentrations in different land use types under different management intensities. From 1982 to 2006, the order of increasing SOC concentrations across land use types was fine sand (FS) < sand loam (SL) < light loam (LL) < middle loam (ML), indicating that soil with larger proportions of fine particles has larger storage capacities and rates of SOC accumulation. Since 1982, increased use of inorganic fertilizers, intensive cropping and increased crop yields, and the practice of returning crop residues to the soil have been beneficial to C storage in agricultural soils across the district. Diversification of land uses was extensive since 2000, but only the continuous wheat-maize (WM1982-WM2000-WM2006) system has maintained elevated SOC concentrations across the range of soil texture classes ranging from FS to ML Differential declines in SOC concentrations were observed in most other land uses that included vegetables, watermelon, fruits, and other cash crops. Conversion of a WM land use type to horticultural land use types was more detrimental to FS soils than to finer-textured SL or LL soils, particularly with the continuous use of low-biomass producing land use types in urban fringe areas in the North China Plain. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kong, Xiangbin; Qin, Jing; Qin, Haiyi; Li, Cuizheng; Zhang, Fengrong] China Agr Univ, Dept Land Resource Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Dao, Thanh H.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kong, XB (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Dept Land Resource Sci, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM kxb@cau.edu.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China [40871254, 70573111] FX The authors sincerely acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Project no. 40871254 and 70573111. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.09.016 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 534MW UT WOS:000272902800012 ER PT J AU Zhu, Q Schmidt, JP Lin, HS Sripada, RP AF Zhu, Q. Schmidt, J. P. Lin, H. S. Sripada, R. P. TI Hydropedological processes and their implications for nitrogen availability to corn SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Matric potential; Precision agriculture; Soil texture; Soil water content; Subsurface flow; Yield ID LANDSCAPE POSITION; SOIL PROPERTIES; VARIABLE LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT ZONES; VARIABILITY; MINERALIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; TOPOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; IMPACT AB Hydropedological processes affect soil water and nutrient transport and cycling. This study evaluated the impact of hydropedological properties on soil N availability and corn (Zea mays L) growth in three areas within the same field representing distinguishing but typical mid-Atlantic (USA) landforms. These areas included: a depressional area (Site A), a steep (14%) slope area (Site B), and a flood plain area with 1% slope (Site C) different soil types (Hagerstown, Opequon, and Melvin series, respectively); and varying hydrological features (soil water content, matric potential, and subsurface flow) in a Ridge and Valley agricultural landscape. A small-plot replicated study was conducted in each of these three areas, including four blocks of two N treatments (NH(4)NO(3)) applied to corn at planting (0 and 150 kg N ha(-1)). Soil and above-ground plant biomass samples were collected during the growing season and grain yield was determined at harvest. Site A had the greatest mean grain yield (fertilized: 8.5 Mg ha(-1); control: 4.5 Mg ha(-1)) and above-ground plant biomass (at physiological maturity or PM, fertilized: 11.7 Mg ha(-1); control: 7.1 Mg ha(-1)), probably due to the fine-textured (> 19% clay) and low saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat<0.3 cm min(-1)) soil with good water and N holding capacity. In contrast Site B had the smallest grain yield (fertilized: 6.9 Mg ha(-1); control: 3.5 Mg ha(-1)), which corresponded to the smallest inorganic soil N content due to its thin Apl (10 cm) and Ap2 (21 cm) horizons, greater Ap1 horizon Ksat (1.61 cm min(-1)), and shallow lateral subsurface flow at the steep soil-bedrock interface (0.4 m below the surface). Despite the greater inorganic soil N content at Site C, the above-ground plant biomass (at PM, fertilized: 7.0 Mg ha(-1); control: 6.2 Mg ha(-1)) and grain yield (fertilized: 7.1 Mg ha(-1); control: 4.5 Mg ha(-1)) were less than observed at Site A and probably resulted from the low soil water content during the growing season, which also corresponded to greater solar radiation (564 kw h m(-2)), coarser texture (>20% sand), and deep subsurface lateral convergent flow (0.7 m below the surface). Understanding these types of relationships between corn response to N fertilizer and hydropedological features will improve N management decisions for corn production. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, Q.; Lin, H. S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schmidt, J. P.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sripada, R. P.] Monsanto Co, Technol Dev, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. RP Zhu, Q (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 Agr Sci & Ind Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM qxz121@psu.edu RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.004 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 534MW UT WOS:000272902800015 ER PT J AU Liu, X Zhang, GC Heathman, GC Wang, YQ Huang, CH AF Liu, Xia Zhang, Guangcan Heathman, Gary C. Wang, Yaqin Huang, Chi-hua TI Fractal features of soil particle-size distribution as affected by plant communities in the forested region of Mountain Yimeng, China SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Soil physical properties; Soil particle-size distribution; Fractal dimension; Soil porosity; Plant communities; Yimeng mountainous area ID MULTIFRACTAL ANALYSIS; WATER RETENTION; SANDY SOILS; FRAGMENTATION; EROSION; DESERTIFICATION; CONDUCTIVITY; SANDSTONE; PLATEAU; TILLAGE AB Fractal dimension analyses of PSD and soil porosity were determined for the 0-20 cm soil layer representing different plant communities and land management in the Yimeng mountainous region of mid-eastern China. The soil types in this area are typically comprised of coarse sand and gravel. The results show that, compared with the protected forest preserve areas, soil physical properties in commercial Chinese chestnut groves (CM), cropland (ZM) and mixed shrub-grass lands (SH) were more sensitive to soil degradation under their respective long-term management strategies. In general, amounts of silt and clay decreased under CM, ZM, and SH land practices, while fine sand content increased, resulting in lower values for soil total porosity and capillary porosity. For protected forest, soil physical properties were enhanced due to litter decomposition and plant root development under long-term preservation measures. Considering the different plant communities, the overall fractal dimensions of PSD ranged from 2.141 to 2.526, with the fractal dimensions of ZM, SH and CM being far lower (2.141 to 2.166) than the mean value (2.395) of the protected forest land. The relationships between fractal dimension and PSD and soil porosity were also examined. There were significant correlations found between fractal dimension and the amount of silt and clay (R(2) = 0.83), and fine sand (R(2) = 0.64), with increasing fractal dimension values corresponding to higher silt and clay contents and lower sand content. There also existed strong linear relationships between fractal dimension and soil porosity with R(2) values ranging from 0.74 to 0.91. Correlations of D(m) with capillary porosity, in association with the type of plant community, provided strong evidence that vegetation management affects small scale aggregation which influences the water-holding capacity of the soil, thus implying that Dm may be considered a good measure for quantifying aggregation and the effects of vegetation management on soil quality or soil degradation. This study demonstrates that fractal dimension analysis may be used to better quantify differences in PSD and soil porosity associated with soil degradation caused by anthropogenic disturbance of plant community environments. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heathman, Gary C.; Huang, Chi-hua] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, MWA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Liu, Xia; Zhang, Guangcan] Shandong Agr Univ, Ecol & Environm Key Lab, Tai An 271018, Shandong, Peoples R China. RP Heathman, GC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, MWA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gheathman@purdue.edu NR 42 TC 34 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 154 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.005 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 534MW UT WOS:000272902800016 ER PT J AU Trampel, DW Zack, JT Clouse, TL Bickett-Weddle, DA Brown, GB Rao, VS Hurd, HS Garris, GI Roth, JA AF Trampel, Darrell W. Zack, Jonathan T. Clouse, Timothy L. Bickett-Weddle, Danelle A. Brown, Gayle B. Rao, Venkatshesh S. Hurd, H. Scott Garris, Glenn I. Roth, James A. TI A federal and state transport plan for movement of eggs and egg products from commercial egg production premises in a high-pathogenicity avian influenza control area SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WILD BIRDS; VIRUS; H5N1; POULTRY; EPIDEMIC; NETHERLANDS; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK; ASIA; PCR C1 [Trampel, Darrell W.; Hurd, H. Scott] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bickett-Weddle, Danelle A.; Brown, Gayle B.; Rao, Venkatshesh S.; Roth, James A.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Food Secur & Publ Hlth, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zack, Jonathan T.; Garris, Glenn I.] Vet Serv Emergency Management & Diagnost, USDA, APHIS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Clouse, Timothy L.] Vet Serv, USDA, APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Trampel, DW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod Anim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dtrampel@iastate.edu RI Roth, James/A-7122-2009 OI Roth, James/0000-0003-3562-668X FU USDA APHIS FX Supported by USDA APHIS. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 235 IS 12 BP 1412 EP 1419 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 532BT UT WOS:000272719500013 PM 20001773 ER PT J AU Treuhaft, RN Chapman, BD dos Santos, JR Goncalves, FG Dutra, LV Graca, PMLA Drake, JB AF Treuhaft, R. N. Chapman, B. D. dos Santos, J. R. Goncalves, F. G. Dutra, L. V. Graca, P. M. L. A. Drake, J. B. TI Vegetation profiles in tropical forests from multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar, field, and lidar measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-FOOTPRINT LIDAR; LASER ALTIMETER; MAPPING VEGETATION; CANOPY STRUCTURE; RAIN-FOREST; BAND DATA; BIOMASS; SAR; BACKSCATTER; FUSION AB This paper addresses the estimation of vertical vegetation density profiles from multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the AirSAR aircraft at C band over primary, secondary, and abandoned-pasture stands at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica in 2004. Profiles were also estimated from field data taken in 2006 and lidar data taken with the LVIS, 25 m spot instrument in 2005. After motivating the study of tropical forest profiles based on their role in the global carbon cycle, ecosystem state, and biodiversity, this paper describes the InSAR, field, and lidar data acquisitions and analyses. Beyond qualitative agreement between profiles from the 3 measurement techniques, results show that InSAR and lidar profile-averaged mean height have RMS scatters about field-measured means of 3.4 m and 3.2 m, 16% and 15% of the average mean height, respectively. InSAR and lidar standard deviations of the vegetation distribution have RMS scatters about the field standard deviations of 1.9 m and 1.5 m, or 27% and 21%, respectively. Dominant errors in the profile-averaged mean height for each measurement technique were modeled. InSAR inaccuracies, dominated by ambiguities in finding the ground altitude and coherence calibration, together account for about 3 m of InSAR error in the mean height. The dominant, modeled error for the field measurements was the inaccuracy in modeling the trees as uniformly filled volumes of leaf area, inducing field errors in mean height of about 3 m. The dominant, modeled lidar error, also due to finding the ground, was 2 m. C1 [Treuhaft, R. N.; Chapman, B. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [dos Santos, J. R.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Sensoriamento Remoto, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Drake, J. B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. [Dutra, L. V.] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Div Proc Imagens, BR-12201 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Goncalves, F. G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Graca, P. M. L. A.] Inst Nacl de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Dept Ecol, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. RP Treuhaft, RN (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 138-212, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM robert.treuhaft@jpl.nasa.gov; bruce.chapman@jpl.nasa.gov; jroberto@dsr.inpe.br; Fabio.Goncalves@oregonstate.edu; dutra@dpi.inpe.br; pmlag@inpa.gov.br; jasondrake@fs.fed.us RI de Alencastro Graca, Paulo Mauricio/B-3375-2013; Dutra, Luciano/C-6582-2009 OI Dutra, Luciano/0000-0002-7757-039X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Brazilian Research Council [308253/2008-6] FX The research described in this paper was carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Terrestrial Ecology Program, managed by Diane Wickland for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Science Mission Directorate. We also acknowledge cooperation with the Brazilian Research Council under grant 308253/2008-6. We thank Danilo Vargas Ramirez and Walter Cruz Cambronero of La Selva Biological Station for invaluable assistance with field measurements. Thanks also go to Marcia Snyder and the La Selva Biological Station GIS laboratory for assistance with the coordination of the InSAR and field measurements, and for providing the QuickBird image in Figure 1. We thank David Clark of La Selva for suggesting flight lines for the AirSAR acquisition. We also thank Ralph Dubaya for suggestions on analysis strategies for the lidar data and J. Bryan Blair for the delivery and explanation of the 2005 LVIS data. We are grateful to Lawrence Young of Jet Propulsion Laboratory for a careful reading of the manuscript and numerous helpful suggestions. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D23110 DI 10.1029/2008JD011674 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 535CL UT WOS:000272944100001 ER PT J AU Mountjoy, JJ McKean, J Barnes, PM Pettinga, JR AF Mountjoy, Joshu J. McKean, Jim Barnes, Philip M. Pettinga, Jarg R. TI Terrestrial-style slow-moving earthflow kinematics in a submarine landslide complex SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE submarine earthflow; mass transport complex; morphometric analysis; landslide kinematics; EM300 multibeam; submarine geomorphology ID NEW-ZEALAND; CONTINENTAL-MARGIN; HIKURANGI MARGIN; MASS MOVEMENTS; HAWKES BAY; DEFORMATION; MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; EARTHQUAKE AB Morphometric analysis of Simrad EM300 multibeam bathymetric DEMs reveals details of deformation patterns in a similar to 145 km(2) submarine landslide complex that are commonly associated with slow-moving earthflows in terrestrial settings. This mode of failure, where existing landslide debris is remobilised repeatedly along discrete shear boundaries and is progressively conveyed through the complex, has not previously been recognised in the submarine environment. The kinematics contrast with the more traditional models of submarine landslide complex development in which repeated catastrophic failures each mobilise new source material to form a composite stacked landslide deposit. In our study of the Tuaheni landslide complex on the Hikurangi Margin of New Zealand, remobilisation has formed boundary shear zones imaged at the seafloor surface in multibeam data, and at depth in multichannel seismic reflection data. A significant amount of internal deformation has occurred within the debris streams. Phases of deformation appear to be partitioned longitudinally as extensional and contractional zones rooted into a basal decollement, and laterally with strike-slip shears partitioning discrete debris streams. While slow-moving terrestrial earthflows are activated by fluctuating piezometric levels typically controlled by precipitation, different processes cause the equivalent mobility in a submarine earthflow. Elevated pore pressures in submarine earthflows are produced by processes such as earthquake-gene rated strong ground motion and/or gas/fluid release. Earthflow movement in submarine settings is prolonged by slow dissipation in pore pressure. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mountjoy, Joshu J.; Barnes, Philip M.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand. [Mountjoy, Joshu J.; Pettinga, Jarg R.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Geol Sci, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [McKean, Jim] US Forest Serv, USDA, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Mountjoy, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Private Bag 14901, Wellington, New Zealand. EM J.Mountjoy@niwa.co.nz RI McKean, Jim/C-3581-2011 FU NZ FRST [C01X0702]; NIWA; New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission FX Special thanks to Geoffroy Lamarche for collecting the principle multibeam data set used in this study. The assistance of NIWA technicians Claire Castellazzi, Kevin Mackay, Arne Pallentin and Anne-Laure Verdier is greatly appreciated. Josh Roering assisted with coded spherical statistics routines. This research was partly supported by NZ FRST research contract C01X0702, and by NIWA capability funding. JJM received a Top Achiever Doctoral Scholarship from the New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission. An early draft benefitted from a review by Alan Orpin. The manuscript was much improved following reviews by David Mosher and an anonymous reviewer. Editor David Piper is thanked for his constructive feedback. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 3-4 BP 114 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.09.007 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 534DN UT WOS:000272875800002 ER PT J AU Martinuzzi, S Vierling, LA Gould, WA Falkowski, MJ Evans, JS Hudak, AT Vierling, KT AF Martinuzzi, Sebastian Vierling, Lee A. Gould, William A. Falkowski, Michael J. Evans, Jeffrey S. Hudak, Andrew T. Vierling, Kerri T. TI Mapping snags and understory shrubs for a LiDAR-based assessment of wildlife habitat suitability SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE LiDAR metrics; Wildlife habitat; Woodpeckers; Keystone structures; Species distribution modeling; Forest structure ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; FOREST STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TROPICAL FOREST; CONIFER FORESTS; COASTAL OREGON; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BOREAL FORESTS AB The lack of maps depicting forest three-dimensional structure, particularly as pertaining to snags and understory shrub species distribution, is a major limitation for managing wildlife habitat in forests. Developing new techniques to remotely map snags and understory shrubs is therefore an important need. To address this, we first evaluated the use of LiDAR data for mapping the presence/absence of understory shrub species and different snag diameter classes important for birds (i.e. >= 15 cm, >= 25 cm and >= 30 cm) in a 30.000 ha mixed-conifer forest in Northern Idaho (USA). We used forest inventory plots, LiDAR-derived metrics, and the Random Forest algorithm to achieve classification accuracies of 83% for the understory shrubs and 86% to 88% for the different snag diameter classes. Second, we evaluated the use of LiDAR data for mapping wildlife habitat suitability using four avian species (one flycatcher and three woodpeckers) as case studies. For this, we integrated LiDAR-derived products of forest structure with available models of habitat suitability to derive a variety of species-habitat associations (and therefore habitat suitability patterns) across the study area. We found that the value of LiDAR resided in the ability to quantify 1) ecological variables that are known to influence the distribution of understory vegetation and snags, such as canopy cover, topography, and forest succession, and 2) direct structural metrics that indicate or suggest the presence of shrubs and snags, such as the percent of vegetation returns in the lower strata of the canopy (for the shrubs) and the vertical heterogeneity of the forest canopy (for the snags). When applied to wildlife habitat assessment, these new LiDAR-based maps refined habitat predictions in ways not previously attainable using other remote sensing technologies. This study highlights new value of LiDAR in characterizing key forest structure components important for wildlife, and warrants further applications to other forested environments and wildlife species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gould, William A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Falkowski, Michael J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Evans, Jeffrey S.] Nature Conservancy, Rocky Mt Conservat Reg, Ft Collins, CO 80534 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Martinuzzi, S (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM smartinuzzi@vandals.uidaho.edu RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016; OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Evans, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5533-7044; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 FU USGS Gap Analysis Program; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) FX This work was made possible through funding by the USGS Gap Analysis Program and the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF). The LiDAR acquisition, processing, and analysis were supported by the Agenda 2020 program, a research partnership between the USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, Bennett Lumber Products, Inc., and Potlatch Forest Holdings, Inc., and the University of Idaho. We thank G. Roloff for facilitating the HSI model for the dusky flycatcher, R. Nelson for commenting on an earlier version of this manuscript, N. Crookston and R. Diaz-Uriarte for fruitful discussions about Random Forest and varSeIRF, and three anonymous reviewers. Work at IITF is done in collaboration with the University of Puerto Rico. NR 103 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 10 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 12 BP 2533 EP 2546 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.002 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 519MS UT WOS:000271771300001 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818) CD156a (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8): cDNA clone, characterization and expression in tissues SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD156a; A disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 8; ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8 (ADAM-8); Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID MOLECULAR-CLONING; METALLOPROTEASE-DISINTEGRIN; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; GENE; PROTEIN; CANCER; CD59; INVASIVENESS; LOCATION AB CD156a, also known as a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain 8 (ADAM-8), is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein of the ADAM family. This protein plays important roles in immune and other physiological functions. In this communication, the channel catfish CD156a cDNA was characterized and its expression in various tissues was determined. The full-length of channel catfish CD156a cDNA had 3035 nucleotides, including an open reading frame which appears to encode an 850 amino acid peptide with a calculated molecular mass of 94.6 kDa. The peptide had three potential N-glycosylation sites. By comparison with other species, the degree of homology of the CD156a amino acid sequences ranged from 31.6% (vs. chicken CD156a) to 59.5% (vs. zebrafish CD156a). The channel catfish CD156a peptide could be structurally divided into nine domains. Several canonical features for CD156a functions were conserved in channel catfish. The CD156a transcript was detected by two-step RT-PCR in anterior kidney and gill, suggesting that CD156a may be involved in the innate immune response in channel catfish. Reagents for further elucidating the immune functions of channel catfish CD156a are under development. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [6420-32000-020-00D] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 132 IS 2-4 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.05.001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 533YC UT WOS:000272861100032 PM 19501921 ER PT J AU Yoo, J Jang, SI Kim, S Cho, JH Lee, HJ Rhee, MH Lillehoj, HS Min, W AF Yoo, Jeongmi Jang, Seung I. Kim, Suk Cho, Jae-Hyeon Lee, Hu-Jang Rhee, Man H. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Min, Wongi TI Molecular characterization of duck interleukin-17 SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Duck IL17 cDNA; mRNA expression; Genomic DNA; Cross-reactivity ID GENE-EXPRESSION; T-CELLS; CHICKEN INTERLEUKIN-17; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; IL-17; INFECTION; FAMILY; CDNA AB Interleukin-17 (IL17), belonging to the Th17 family, is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated T cells. A 1034 bp cDNA encoding duck IL17 (duIL17) was cloned from Con A-activated splenic lymphocytes of ducks. The encoded protein, which is predicted to consist of 169 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 18.8 kDa and includes a 29 residue NH(2)-terminal signal peptide, a single potential N-linked glycosylation site, and six cysteine residues that are conserved in mammalian IL17. The duIL17 shared 84% amino acid sequence identity with the previously described chicken IL17 (chIL17), 36-47% to mammalian homologues, and open reading frame 13 of Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS13). The genomic structure of duIL17 was quite similar to its chicken and mammalian counterparts. The duIL17 mRNA expression was detected only in Con A-activated splenic lymphocytes by RT-PCR, although its expression was undetectable in a variety of normal tissues. Two mAbs against chIL17 showed cross-reactivity with duIL17 as detected by indirect ELISA and Western blot analysis. These findings indicate that the structure of IL17 is highly conserved among poultry, and two mAbs detecting common epitopes of IL17 are available for molecular and immunological studies of IL17 in birds. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoo, Jeongmi; Kim, Suk; Cho, Jae-Hyeon; Lee, Hu-Jang; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Yoo, Jeongmi; Kim, Suk; Cho, Jae-Hyeon; Lee, Hu-Jang; Min, Wongi] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Res Inst Life Sci, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Jang, Seung I.] Daejeon Metropolitan City, Inst Hlth & Environm, Taejon 305338, South Korea. [Rhee, Man H.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Jang, Seung I.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.] USDA ARS, APDL, ANRI, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Min, W (reprint author), Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, 900 Gajwa Dong, Jinju 660701, Gyeongnam, South Korea. EM wongimin@gnu.ac.kr OI Rhee, Man Hee/0000-0002-3088-1318; Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 FU Korean Government [KRF-2006-311-E00512] FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-311-E00512). NR 25 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 15 PY 2009 VL 132 IS 2-4 BP 318 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.06.003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 533YC UT WOS:000272861100034 PM 19573930 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Vallejo, RL AF Rexroad, Caird E., III Vallejo, Roger L. TI Estimates of linkage disequilibrium and effective population size in rainbow trout SO BMC GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; REPEAT-ENRICHED LIBRARIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; STEELHEAD TROUT; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; GENETIC COMPENSATION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB Background: The use of molecular genetic technologies for broodstock management and selective breeding of aquaculture species is becoming increasingly more common with the continued development of genome tools and reagents. Several laboratories have produced genetic maps for rainbow trout to aid in the identification of loci affecting phenotypes of interest. These maps have resulted in the identification of many quantitative/qualitative trait loci affecting phenotypic variation in traits associated with albinism, disease resistance, temperature tolerance, sex determination, embryonic development rate, spawning date, condition factor and growth. Unfortunately, the elucidation of the precise allelic variation and/or genes underlying phenotypic diversity has yet to be achieved in this species having low marker densities and lacking a whole genome reference sequence. Experimental designs which integrate segregation analyses with linkage disequilibrium (LD) approaches facilitate the discovery of genes affecting important traits. To date the extent of LD has been characterized for humans and several agriculturally important livestock species but not for rainbow trout. Results: We observed that the level of LD between syntenic loci decayed rapidly at distances greater than 2 cM which is similar to observations of LD in other agriculturally important species including cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens. However, in some cases significant LD was also observed up to 50 cM. Our estimate of effective population size based on genome wide estimates of LD for the NCCCWA broodstock population was 145, indicating that this population will respond well to high selection intensity. However, the range of effective population size based on individual chromosomes was 75.51 - 203.35, possibly indicating that suites of genes on each chromosome are disproportionately under selection pressures. Conclusions: Our results indicate that large numbers of markers, more than are currently available for this species, will be required to enable the use of genome-wide integrated mapping approaches aimed at identifying genes of interest in rainbow trout. C1 [Rexroad, Caird E., III; Vallejo, Roger L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Leetown, WV 25430 USA. EM caird.rexroadiii@ars.usda.gov; roger.vallejo@ars.usda.gov NR 80 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2156 J9 BMC GENET JI BMC Genet. PD DEC 14 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 83 DI 10.1186/1471-2156-10-83 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 540RC UT WOS:000273353600001 PM 20003428 ER PT J AU Laarmann, D Korjus, H Sims, A Stanturf, JA Kiviste, A Koster, K AF Laarmann, Diana Korjus, Henn Sims, Allan Stanturf, John A. Kiviste, Andres Koester, Kajar TI Analysis of forest naturalness and tree mortality patterns in Estonia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems and Landscapes CY AUG, 2008 CL Thompson Rivers Univ, Kamloops, CANADA SP IUFRO Forest Biodivers Res Grp, British Columbia Minist Forest & Range HO Thompson Rivers Univ DE Deadwood; Forest disturbance; Forest naturalness; Mingling; Tree mortality ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH; STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; EASTERN FENNOSCANDIA; STAND STRUCTURE; BOREAL FORESTS; INDEXES; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY; DISTURBANCE AB New methods for evaluating structural properties of stands and individual tree mortality within forests are needed to enhance biodiversity assessment in forest inventories. One approach is to assess the degree of naturalness in a forest. We assessed forest naturalness by examining patterns and causes of mortality and deadwood amount and spatial distribution as indicators of naturalness, or degree of anthropogenic disturbance. This study is based on 5-year interval measurement using 294 permanent samples plots from a forest growth network in Estonia. The average annual mortality was 1.3% from stem number counting 29% of Scots pine, 27% of silver and downy birch and 20% of Norway spruce. Most common reasons for the individual tree death were growth-dependent reasons (45%), fungi (23%) and wind damage (16%). Modelling showed that relative diameter of a tree in a stand is significantly related to mortality probability. Modelling the reasons of tree death showed that with increasing relative diameter there was a greater probability that mortality was caused by wind or damage from game (mostly moose (Alces alces L.)), insect or fungi and a lower probability that mortality was due to competition between trees. Use of structural variable such as deadwood mingling, which was based on the neighbouring trees, improved the assessment of forest naturalness and helped to distinguish recent disturbances. A comparison of deadwood mingling and nature value scores in managed and semi-natural forests showed that dead trees were more dispersed and the naturalness score was higher in semi-natural forest stands. The nature score was significantly correlated with the diversity of mortality causes indicating that mortality causes are more diverse in semi-natural stands. Mean values and distribution of the deadwood mingling index in managed and semi-natural forests were not significantly different. In middle-aged semi-natural forests, mortality is spatially more random than in managed forests, thus there is no evidence of gap formation yet. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Laarmann, Diana; Korjus, Henn; Sims, Allan; Kiviste, Andres; Koester, Kajar] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Tartu, Estonia. [Stanturf, John A.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Laarmann, D (reprint author), Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Kreutzwaldi 5, Tartu, Estonia. EM diana.laarmann@emu.ee RI Sims, Allan/A-5119-2009; Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010; Korjus, Henn/N-3919-2014; Koster, Kajar/C-8397-2012 OI Sims, Allan/0000-0003-1312-6940; Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459; Korjus, Henn/0000-0001-8522-7869; Koster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788 NR 49 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 14 PY 2009 VL 258 BP S187 EP S195 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.014 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 537US UT WOS:000273140300020 ER PT J AU Olson, DH Burnett, KM AF Olson, Deanna H. Burnett, Kelly M. TI Design and management of linkage areas across headwater drainages to conserve biodiversity in forest ecosystems SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems and Landscapes CY AUG, 2008 CL Thompson Rivers Univ, Kamloops, CANADA SP IUFRO Forest Biodivers Res Grp, British Columbia Minist Forest & Range HO Thompson Rivers Univ DE Headwater stream; Connectivity; Riparian buffer; Species diversity; Dispersal corridors; Forest conservation ID OREGON COAST RANGE; SOUTHERN TORRENT SALAMANDER; ZERO-ORDER BASINS; WESTERN OREGON; DEBRIS FLOWS; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UPSLOPE AREAS; TAILED FROGS; RIPARIAN AB Biota in managed forest landscapes may be at risk from habitat fragmentation that prevents dispersal among subpopulations. Management provisions to provide connectivity are often considered independently for aquatic and terrestrial species. Of increasing concern is that dichotomous approaches are economically inefficient and may fragment populations that rely on both water and land. To provide habitat connectivity over ridgelines for such populations, which include many species of amphibians and arthropods, we propose designation of headwater "linkage areas." Essentially, we propose that headwater ridgelines be managed as important "linkage areas" to retain forested areas for species dispersal. Our process of linkage area planning, as demonstrated for headwater streams in the Coast Range of Oregon, USA, includes considerations at three spatial scales: landscape, drainage basin, and forest stand. At the landscape scale, linking headwater drainages across 7th-code hydrologic units (HUs) is a practical design regarding landscape connectivity for headwater species. In the Coast Range, each 7th-code HU adjoins an average of six 7th-code HUs. If each of these were linked via extending buffers or alternative forest management practices, about 5000 linkage areas would be provided in the 2.3-million ha landscape. We propose that the layout of such links considers site-to-landscape scale factors including known locations of target species, existing protections, land ownership patterns, dispersal capability of species of concern, climate change predictions, and the natural disturbance regime, such as landslide prone areas for managing wood and sediment inputs to streams. Although the proposed linkage areas target sensitive headwater species by design, the resulting web of connection across the landscape can be expected to benefit a host of forest-dependent species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Olson, Deanna H.; Burnett, Kelly M.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Olson, DH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dedeolson@fs.fed.us NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 14 PY 2009 VL 258 BP S117 EP S126 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.04.018 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 537US UT WOS:000273140300013 ER PT J AU Picciani, PHS Soares, BG Medeiros, ES de Souza, FG Wood, DF Orts, WJ Mattoso, LHC AF Picciani, Paulo H. S. Soares, Bluma G. Medeiros, Eliton S. de Souza, Fernando G., Jr. Wood, Delilah F. Orts, William J. Mattoso, Luiz H. C. TI Electrospinning of Polyaniline/Poly(Lactic Acid) Ultrathin Fibers: Process and Statistical Modeling using a Non-Gaussian Approach SO MACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS LA English DT Article DE electrospinning; factorial design; poly(lactic acid); polyaniline; statistical modeling ID EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; NANOFIBERS; SENSOR; FABRICATION; MEMBRANES; SYSTEM AB Fibers of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blended with p-toluenesulfonic acid-doped polyaniline, PAni.TSA, were obtained by electrospinning, following a factorial design which was used mainly to study the effect of four process parameters (PLA solution concentration, PAni solution concentration, applied voltage, and flow rate) on fiber diameter. Due to the non-Gaussian spread of the fiber diameters, probability density functions (PDF's) were used to describe them, and the main effect analysis was performed considering the most representative values of these PDF's. This study suggests that the main factor which governs the fiber dimension is the concentration of the PAni solution and its synergy with the others factors. Furthermore, in spite of the high complexity of the electrospinning process, the statistical model was able to describe the process with 95% confidence, therefore enabling one to precisely predict fiber diameter. Nanofiber formation was simulated using the results of the experimental design and validation tests were performed to minimize the fiber diameter. C1 [Picciani, Paulo H. S.; de Souza, Fernando G., Jr.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Tecnol, Inst Macromol, Ilha Fundao, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] Embrapa Instrumentacao Agropecuaria, Lab Nacl Nanotecnol Aplicada Agronegocio, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Medeiros, Eliton S.; Wood, Delilah F.; Orts, William J.; Mattoso, Luiz H. C.] ARS, Bioprod Chem & Engn Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Picciani, PHS (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Ctr Tecnol, Inst Macromol, Ilha Fundao, Bloco J,POB 68525, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM paulopicciani@gmail.com; bluma@ima.ufrj.br RI Medeiros, Eliton/C-5768-2013; Picciani, Paulo/H-8847-2013; Gomes de Souza Jr, Fernando/C-1629-2015; Souza Jr, Fernando/J-7337-2016; Mattoso, Luiz H C/D-2794-2016 OI Gomes de Souza Jr, Fernando/0000-0002-8332-4953; Souza Jr, Fernando/0000-0002-8332-4953; Mattoso, Luiz H C/0000-0001-7586-1014 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1344 J9 MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL JI Macromol. Theory Simul. PD DEC 12 PY 2009 VL 18 IS 9 BP 528 EP 536 DI 10.1002/mats.200900053 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 537HR UT WOS:000273104400004 ER PT J AU Elliott, EM Kendall, C Boyer, EW Burns, DA Lear, GG Golden, HE Harlin, K Bytnerowicz, A Butler, TJ Glatz, R AF Elliott, E. M. Kendall, C. Boyer, E. W. Burns, D. A. Lear, G. G. Golden, H. E. Harlin, K. Bytnerowicz, A. Butler, T. J. Glatz, R. TI Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: Utility for partitioning NOx source contributions to landscape nitrogen deposition SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE; PASSIVE SAMPLER; UNITED-STATES; AMMONIA CONCENTRATIONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MAJOR HIGHWAY; ALPINE LAKES; FRESH-WATER; AMBIENT AIR; DIOXIDE AB Dry deposition is a major component of total atmospheric nitrogen deposition and thus an important source of bioavailable nitrogen to ecosystems. However, relative to wet deposition, less is known regarding the sources and spatial variability of dry deposition. This is in part due to difficulty in measuring dry deposition and associated deposition velocities. Passive sampling techniques offer potential for improving our understanding of the spatial distribution and sources of gaseous and aerosol N species, referred to here as dry deposition. We report dual nitrate isotopic composition (delta N-15 and delta O-18) in actively collected dry and wet deposition across the high-deposition region of Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania. We also present results from initial tests to examine the efficacy of using passive nitric acid collectors as a collection medium for isotopic analysis at a site in New York. Isotopic values in actively collected dry deposition, including particulate nitrate and gaseous nitric acid, are compared with those in wet nitrate deposition and surrounding NOx emission sources. delta N-15 values in dry and wet fractions are highest at the westernmost sites and lowest at the easternmost sites, and stationary source NOx emissions (e. g., power plants and incinerators) appear to be the primary control on delta N-15 spatial variability. In contrast, delta O-18 values show a less consistent spatial pattern in dry deposition. Both delta N-15 and delta O-18 show strong seasonality, with higher values in winter than summer. Seasonal variations in stationary source NOx emissions appear to be the most likely explanation for seasonal variations in delta N-15, whereas seasonal variations in air temperature and solar radiation indicate variable chemical oxidation pathways control delta O-18 patterns. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of passive samplers for collecting the nitric acid (HNO3) component of dry deposition suitable for isotopic analysis. We observe slight differences in delta N-15-HNO3 values between simultaneous samples collected actively and passively (0.6%). However, we observe a larger offset in delta O-18 values between actively and passively collected samples; the causes for this offset warrant further investigation. Nonetheless, passive sample collection represents a significant cost savings over active sampling techniques and could allow a more extensive understanding of patterns of dry deposition and associated insights to nitrogen sources across landscapes. C1 [Elliott, E. M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Elliott, E. M.; Kendall, C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Boyer, E. W.] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Burns, D. A.] US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lear, G. G.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Golden, H. E.] US EPA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Harlin, K.] Natl Atmospher Deposit Program, Cent Analyt Lab, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Bytnerowicz, A.] US Forest Serv, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Butler, T. J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Butler, T. J.] Cornell Univ, Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Elliott, EM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 200 SRCC,4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM eelliott@pitt.edu RI Elliott, Emily /E-8122-2011; Burns, Douglas/A-7507-2009; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Boyer, Elizabeth/D-6617-2013 OI Elliott, Emily /0000-0002-9653-1513; FU New York State Energy Research and Development Authority; Electric Power Research Institute; U.S. Geological Survey FX We gratefully acknowledge laboratory assistance from Cecily Chang, Mark Rollog, and Steve Silva. We also thank Scott Wankel for his laboratory assistance and work with the microbial denitrifier method. We thank Michael Brown for his assistance in deployment of the passive samplers and in determining concentrations of eluted passive samples, and Dan Bain for his assistance with GIS. We are grateful to the CASTNET (MACTEC) and NADP staff for their cooperation in this study and assistance with receiving archived samples for isotopic analysis. We appreciate review comments from Robert Vet, Scott Wankel, and two anonymous reviewers that substantially improved this manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the U. S. Geological Survey; we are especially grateful to Ellen Burkhard, Rick Carlton, and Mark Watson for their interest in this work and support of this effort. This paper has been reviewed in accordance with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's peer and administrative review policies and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the agency, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 57 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR G04020 DI 10.1029/2008JG000889 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 532AJ UT WOS:000272715100001 ER PT J AU Kitikoon, P Vincent, AL Janke, BH Erickson, B Strait, EL Yu, S Gramer, MR Thacker, EL AF Kitikoon, Pravina Vincent, Amy L. Janke, Bruce H. Erickson, B. Strait, Erin L. Yu, Shan Gramer, Marie R. Thacker, Eileen L. TI Swine influenza matrix 2 (M2) protein contributes to protection against infection with different H1 swine influenza virus (SIV) isolates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Swine influenza virus; Vaccine; M2 vaccine ID A VIRUS; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; CROSS-PROTECTION; UNITED-STATES; VACCINE; PIGS; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE AB A swine influenza virus (SIV) vaccine-challenge pig model was used to study the potential of a conserved matrix 2 (M2) protein vaccine alone or in combination with an inactivated H1N1-vaccine to protect against H1N1 and H1N2 viruses. The H1N1-vaccine and heterologous H1N2-challenge virus model has previously been shown to prolong fever and increase SIV-associated pneumonic lesions. The M2 vaccine in combination with the H1N1-vaccine reduced the H1N2 induced fever but not virus shedding. The M2 vaccine alone reduced respiratory signs and pneumonic lesions to levels similar to the negative control pigs following H1N2 infection. This study found that the M2 protein has potential as a vaccine for SIV-associated disease prevention. However, development of an immune response towards the major envelope HA protein was required to reduce SIV shedding. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kitikoon, Pravina; Janke, Bruce H.; Erickson, B.; Strait, Erin L.; Yu, Shan; Thacker, Eileen L.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vincent, Amy L.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Gramer, Marie R.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Vet Diagnost Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Thacker, EL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM eileen.thacker@ars.usda.gov FU Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council FX The authors thank Dr. Cornelia Schroeder (Abteilung Virologie, Institut fur Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitat des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany) for her guidance in rM2 protein purification. We also would like to thank Nancy Upchurch and the students in the Thacker lab for their assistance in this project. This work was supported by a grant from Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council. NR 45 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 523 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.130 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 559YS UT WOS:000274869300030 PM 19837089 ER PT J AU Boncristiani, HF Di Prisco, G Pettis, JS Hamilton, M Chen, YP AF Boncristiani, Humberto F., Jr. Di Prisco, Gennaro Pettis, Jeffery S. Hamilton, Michele Chen, Yan Ping TI Molecular approaches to the analysis of deformed wing virus replication and pathogenesis in the honey bee, Apis mellifera SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; MITES VARROA-DESTRUCTOR; PICORNA-LIKE VIRUS; TAGGED RT-PCR; PARALYSIS VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; RNA AB Background: For years, the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie honey bee viral diseases has been severely hindered because of the lack of a cell culture system for virus propagation. As a result, it is very imperative to develop new methods that would permit the in vitro pathogenesis study of honey bee viruses. The identification of virus replication is an important step towards the understanding of the pathogenesis process of viruses in their respective hosts. In the present study, we developed a strand-specific RT-PCR-based method for analysis of Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) replication in honey bees and in honey bee parasitic mites, Varroa Destructor. Results: The results shows that the method developed in our study allows reliable identification of the virus replication and solves the problem of falsely-primed cDNA amplifications that commonly exists in the current system. Using TaqMan real-time quantitative RT-PCR incorporated with biotinylated primers and magnetic beads purification step, we characterized the replication and tissue tropism of DWV infection in honey bees. We provide evidence for DWV replication in the tissues of wings, head, thorax, legs, hemolymph, and gut of honey bees and also in Varroa mites. Conclusion: The strategy reported in the present study forms a model system for studying bee virus replication, pathogenesis and immunity. This study should be a significant contribution to the goal of achieving a better understanding of virus pathogenesis in honey bees and to the design of appropriate control measures for bee populations at risk to virus infections. C1 [Boncristiani, Humberto F., Jr.; Pettis, Jeffery S.; Chen, Yan Ping] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Di Prisco, Gennaro] Dipartimento Entomol & Zool Agr Filippo Silvestri, I-80055 Naples, Italy. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM humberto.boncristianai@ars.usda.gov; gennaro.diprisco@unina.it; jeff.pettis@ars.usda.gov; Michele.hamilton@ars.usda.gov; judy.chen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associate Program FX We thank Dr. Jay Evans for helpful discussions and USDA-ARS Headquarters Postdoctoral Research Associate Program Grant. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD DEC 11 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 221 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-6-221 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 536VE UT WOS:000273071200001 PM 20003360 ER PT J AU Sturtevant, BR Scheller, RM Miranda, BR Shinneman, D Syphard, A AF Sturtevant, Brian R. Scheller, Robert M. Miranda, Brian R. Shinneman, Douglas Syphard, Alexandra TI Simulating dynamic and mixed-severity fire regimes: A process-based fire extension for LANDIS-II SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE LANDIS-II; Fire disturbance; Labrador; Boreal forest; Sierra Nevada; Mixed conifer forest; Fire regime; Fire effects ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; BOREAL FOREST; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; SPATIAL SIMULATION; SIERRA-NEVADA; MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES; LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS; SUCCESSION MODELS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; SPRUCE BUDWORM AB Fire regimes result from reciprocal interactions between vegetation and fire that may be further affected by other disturbances, including climate, landform, and terrain. In this paper, we describe fire and fuel extensions for the forest landscape simulation model, LANDIS-II, that allow dynamic interactions among fire, vegetation, climate, and landscape structure, and incorporate realistic fire characteristics (shapes, distributions, and effects) that can vary within and between fire events. We demonstrate the capabilities of the new extensions using two case study examples with very different ecosystem characteristics: a boreal forest system from central Labrador, Canada, and a mixed conifer system from the Sierra Nevada Mountains (California, USA). In Labrador, comparison between the more complex dynamic fire extension and a classic fire simulator based on a simple fire size distribution showed little difference in terms of mean fire rotation and potential severity, but cumulative burn patterns created by the dynamic fire extension were more heterogeneous due to feedback between fuel types and fire behavior. Simulations in the Sierra Nevada indicated that burn patterns were responsive to topographic features, fuel types, and an extreme weather scenario, although the magnitude of responses depended on elevation. In both study areas, simulated fire size and resulting fire rotation intervals were moderately sensitive to parameters controlling the curvilinear response between fire spread and weather, as well as to the assumptions underlying the correlation between weather conditions and fire duration. Potential fire severity was more variable within the Sierra Nevada landscape and also was more sensitive to the correlation between weather conditions and fire duration. The fire modeling approach described here should be applicable to questions related to climate change and disturbance interactions, particularly within locations characterized by steep topography, where temporally or spatially dynamic vegetation significantly influences spread rates, where fire severity is variable, and where multiple disturbance types of varying severities are common. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sturtevant, Brian R.; Miranda, Brian R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Scheller, Robert M.] Conservat Biol Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas] Nature Conservancy, Minneapolis, MN 55415 USA. [Shinneman, Douglas] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Syphard, Alexandra] Conservat Biol Inst, San Diego, CA 91941 USA. RP Sturtevant, BR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, 5985 Hwy K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM bsturtevant@fs.fed.us RI Scheller, Robert/B-3135-2009 FU USDA Forest Service; Sustainable Forest Management Network of Canada FX Funding for this project was provided by the USDA Forest Service, including the National Fire Plan, Northern Research Station, and Pacific Southwest Region (Region 5). Input on Sierra Nevada fire parameters was provided by Donald Yasuda, Bernhard Bahro, Klaus Barber, and Joe Sherlock. Data resources and cross-fertilization of ideas between American and Canadian scientists was made possible through a grant from the Sustainable Forest Management Network of Canada (Christian Messier, lead investigator) and cooperation with the Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources. Input on Labrador fire and succession parameters were provided by Neal Simon, Darren Jennings, Frederick Doyon, Leanne Elson, and Daniel Kneeshaw. We thank Eric Gustafson, Steve Van Tuyl, Stephen Yamasaki for critical feedback on the conceptual model and beta versions of the model. Robert Costanza, and Tina Scupien performed the sensitivity analysis runs and summarized the output. We also thank Andrew Fall, Stephen Yamasaki, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 80 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 10 PY 2009 VL 220 IS 23 BP 3380 EP 3393 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.030 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 527MN UT WOS:000272371300014 ER PT J AU Huwe, J Pagan-Rodriguez, D Abdelmajid, N Clinch, N Gordon, D Holterman, J Zaki, E Lorentzsen, M Dearfield, K AF Huwe, Janice Pagan-Rodriguez, Doritza Abdelmajid, Naser Clinch, Nelson Gordon, Donald Holterman, James Zaki, Ezzat Lorentzsen, Margaret Dearfield, Kerry TI Survey of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Non-ortho-polychlorinated Biphenyls in US Meat and Poultry, 2007-2008: Effect of New Toxic Equivalency Factors on Toxic Equivalency Levels, Patterns, and Temporal Trends SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dioxins; PCBs; food survey; meat; poultry; TEFs; temporal trends ID HEALTH-ORGANIZATION REEVALUATION; PENTACHLOROPHENOL-TREATED WOOD; DIETARY-INTAKE; UNITED-STATES; BACKGROUND LEVELS; MARKET BASKET; PCBS; EXPOSURE; BEEF; CONTAMINATION AB A statistically based survey of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in domestic meat and poultry was conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) from September 2007 to September 2008. Seventeen toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and four non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (no-PCBs) were measured in 510 beef (steer/heifer), market hog, young turkey, and young chicken samples. The results of the survey showed the sum of PCDD/F and no-PCB toxic equivalencies (sum-TEQs) ranging from not detected to 4.5 pg/g of lipid. Mean sum-TEQ levels for beef, turkey, chicken, and pork were 0.66, 0.61, 0.17, and 0.16 pg/g of lipid, respectively. To compare the new survey data with data from previous USDA surveys in the mid-1990s and 2002-2003, TEQs from all data sets were calculated using the most recent 2005 toxic equivalency factors (TEFs). The results of the recalculation on the older survey data was a small increase (4-13%) in mean TEQs for the mid-1990s data, which initially used pre-1994 TEFs, and a small decrease (2-4%) for the 2002-2003 data, which initially used 1998 TEFs. A comparison of the three surveys indicates declining TEQ trends in all slaughter classes over the 10 year period; however, the congener patterns remain relatively constant between 2002 and 2008, indicating similar animal exposures to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds during these time periods. Several samples from the 2008 survey with the highest TEQ values are undergoing follow-up investigations to determine possible sources that may be contributing to these levels. C1 [Huwe, Janice; Lorentzsen, Margaret] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Pagan-Rodriguez, Doritza; Abdelmajid, Naser; Dearfield, Kerry] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Clinch, Nelson] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Food Def & Emergency Response, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Gordon, Donald] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Midwestern Lab, USDA, St Louis, MO 63120 USA. [Holterman, James; Zaki, Ezzat] US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Policy & Program Dev, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Huwe, J (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Janice.huwe@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC 9 PY 2009 VL 57 IS 23 BP 11194 EP 11200 DI 10.1021/jf902251t PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 525BO UT WOS:000272188300020 PM 19950998 ER PT J AU Weber, AL Zhao, Q McMullen, MD Doebley, JF AF Weber, Allison L. Zhao, Qiong McMullen, Michael D. Doebley, John F. TI Using Association Mapping in Teosinte to Investigate the Function of Maize Selection-Candidate Genes SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MAYS SSP PARVIGLUMIS; ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; CROP IMPROVEMENT; DOMESTICATION; ARCHITECTURE; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; PLANT; INHIBITION AB Background: Large-scale screens of the maize genome identified 48 genes that show the putative signature of artificial selection during maize domestication or improvement. These selection-candidate genes may act as quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control the phenotypic differences between maize and its progenitor, teosinte. The selection-candidate genes appear to be located closer in the genome to domestication QTL than expected by chance. Methods and Findings: As a step toward defining the traits controlled by these genes, we performed phenotype-genotype association mapping in teosinte for 32 of the 48 plus three other selection-candidate genes. Our analyses assayed 32 phenotypic traits, many of which were altered during maize domestication or improvement. We observed several significant associations between SNPs in the selection-candidate genes and trait variation in teosinte. These included two associations that surpassed the Bonferroni correction and five instances where a gene significantly associated with the same trait in both of our association mapping panels. Despite these significant associations, when compared as a group the selection-candidate genes performed no better than randomly chosen genes. Conclusions: Our results suggest association analyses can be helpful for identifying traits under the control of selection-candidate genes. Indeed, we present evidence for new functions for several selection-candidate genes. However, with the current set of selection-candidate genes and our association mapping strategy, we found very few significant associations overall and no more than we would have found with randomly chosen genes. We discuss possible reasons that a large number of significant genotype-phenotype associations were not discovered. C1 [Weber, Allison L.; Zhao, Qiong; Doebley, John F.] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. [McMullen, Michael D.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO USA. RP Weber, AL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alweber@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0321467]; National Institutes of Health [GM-58816]; US Department of Agriculture [WIS04772] FX This work was funded by National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov) grant DBI-0321467, National Institutes of Health (www.nih.gov) grant GM-58816, and US Department of Agriculture (www.usda.gov) Hatch grant WIS04772. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 9 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 12 AR e8227 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008227 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 533NE UT WOS:000272829800015 PM 20011044 ER PT J AU Ma, JB Huang, XL Wang, XJ Chen, XM Qu, ZP Huang, LL Kang, ZS AF Ma, Jinbiao Huang, Xueling Wang, Xiaojie Chen, Xianming Qu, Zhipeng Huang, Lili Kang, Zhensheng TI Identification of expressed genes during compatible interaction between stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and wheat using a cDNA library SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; F-SP TRITICI; FUNGUS UROMYCES-FABAE; CYCLASE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; BAX INHIBITOR-1; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; CHITIN DEACETYLASE; TOBACCO PLANTS; VICIAE-FABAE AB Background: Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. To establish compatibility with the host, Pst forms special infection structures to invade the plant with minimal damage to host cells. Although compatible interaction between wheat and Pst has been studied using various approaches, research on molecular mechanisms of the interaction is limited. The aim of this study was to develop an EST database of wheat infected by Pst in order to determine transcription profiles of genes involved in compatible wheat-Pst interaction. Results: Total RNA, extracted from susceptible infected wheat leaves harvested at 3, 5 and 8 days post inoculation (dpi), was used to create a cDNA library, from which 5,793 ESTs with high quality were obtained and clustered into 583 contigs and 2,160 singletons to give a set of 2,743 unisequences (GenBank accessions: GR302385 to GR305127). The BLASTx program was used to search for homologous genes of the unisequences in the GenBank non-redundant protein database. Of the 2,743 unisequences, 52.8% (the largest category) were highly homologous to plant genes; 16.3% to fungal genes and 30% of no-hit. The functional classification of all ESTs was established based on the database entry giving the best E-value using the Bevan's classification categories. About 50% of the ESTs were significantly homologous to genes encoding proteins with known functions; 20% were similar to genes encoding proteins with unknown functions and 30% did not have significant homology to any sequence in the database. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis determined the transcription profiles and their involvement in the wheat-Pst interaction for seven of the gene. Conclusion: The cDNA library is useful for identifying the functional genes involved in the wheat-Pst compatible interaction, and established a new database for studying Pst pathogenesis genes and wheat defense genes. The transcription patterns of seven genes were confirmed by the qRT-PCR assay to be differentially expressed in wheat-Pst compatible and incompatible interaction. C1 [Ma, Jinbiao; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xueling; Wang, Xiaojie; Qu, Zhipeng; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xueling; Wang, Xiaojie; Qu, Zhipeng; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM mjb780510@163.com; xiaoxiong79221@yahoo.com.cn; wangxiaojie@nwsuaf.edu.cn; xianming@wsu.edu; quzp2005@126.com; huanglili@nwsuaf.edu.cn; kangzs@nwsuaf.edu.cn RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 NR 55 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 8 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 586 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-586 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535PY UT WOS:000272983900001 PM 19995415 ER PT J AU Martinuzzi, S Vierling, LA Gould, WA Vierling, KT Hudak, AT AF Martinuzzi, Sebastian Vierling, Lee A. Gould, William A. Vierling, Kerri T. Hudak, Andrew T. TI Incorporating remotely sensed tree canopy cover data into broad scale assessments of wildlife habitat distribution and conservation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE species distribution model; National Land Cover Database; avian habitat; GAP; horizontal vegetation structure; wildlife conservation ID GAP ANALYSIS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; MODELS; BIODIVERSITY; DIVERSITY; SENSITIVITY AB Remote sensing provides critical information for broad scale assessments of wildlife habitat distribution and conservation. However, such efforts have been typically unable to incorporate information about vegetation structure, a variable important for explaining the distribution of many wildlife species. We evaluated the consequences of incorporating remotely sensed information about horizontal vegetation structure into current assessments of wildlife habitat distribution and conservation. For this, we integrated the new NLCD tree canopy cover product into the US GAP Analysis database, using avian species and the finished Idaho GAP Analysis as a case study. We found: (1) a 15-68% decrease in the extent of the predicted habitat for avian species associated with specific tree canopy conditions, (2) a marked decrease in the species richness values predicted at the Landsat pixel scale, but not at coarser scales, (3) a modified distribution of biodiversity hotspots, and (4) surprising results in conservation assessment: despite the strong changes in the species predicted habitats, their distribution in relation to the reserves network remained the same. This study highlights the value of area wide vegetation structure data for refined biodiversity and conservation analyses. We discuss further opportunities and limitations for the use of the NLCD data in wildlife habitat studies. C1 [Martinuzzi, Sebastian; Vierling, Lee A.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Gould, William A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Vierling, Kerri T.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Martinuzzi, S (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Geospatial Lab Environm Dynam, 975 W 6th St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM smartinuzzi@vandals.uidaho.edu; leev@uidaho.edu; wgould@fs.fed.us; kerriv@uidaho.edu; ahudak@fs.fed.us RI Vierling, Lee/E-6428-2010; Vierling, Kerri/N-6653-2016; OI Vierling, Lee/0000-0001-5344-1983; Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735 FU US GAP Analysis Program; USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF) FX This work was made possible through funding by the US GAP Analysis Program and the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (IITF). We thank L. Svancara at the ID-GAP for facilitating the species lists for the accuracy assessment, and A. Haines and H. Jageman for providing information about species-habitat associations for some species. Work at IITF is done in collaboration with the University of Puerto Rico. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD DEC 7 PY 2009 VL 3 AR 033568 DI 10.1117/1.3279080 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 540BB UT WOS:000273304400001 ER PT J AU Lang, KD Schulte, LA Guntenspergen, GR AF Lang, Katharyn D. Schulte, Lisa A. Guntenspergen, Glenn R. TI Windthrow and salvage logging in an old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Wind; Post-disturbance logging; Sanitary logging; Forest recovery; Microtopography; Tip-up; Flambeau River; Wisconsin ID CATASTROPHIC WIND; TSUGA-CANADENSIS; GREAT-LAKES; EXPERIMENTAL HURRICANE; DISTURBANCE; REGENERATION; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION; IMPACTS; DEER AB Although the initial response to salvage (also known as, post-disturbance or sanitary) logging is known to vary among system components, little is known about longer term forest recovery. We examine forest overstory, understory, soil, and microtopographic response 25 years after a 1977 severe wind disturbance on the Flambeau River State Forest in Wisconsin, USA, a portion of which was salvage logged. Within this former old-growth hemlock-northern hardwoods forest, tree dominance has shifted from Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) to broad-leaf deciduous species (Ulmus americana, Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, Populus tremuloides, and Betula alleghaniensis) in both the salvaged and unsalvaged areas. While the biological legacies of pre-disturbance seedlings, saplings, and mature trees were initially more abundant in the unsalvaged area, regeneration through root suckers and stump sprouts was common in both areas. After 25 years, tree basal area, sapling density, shrub layer density, and seedling cover had converged between unsalvaged and salvaged areas. In contrast, understory herb communities differed between salvaged and unsalvaged forest, with salvaged forest containing significantly higher understory herb richness and cover, and greater dominance of species benefiting from disturbance, especially Solidago species. Soil bulk density, pH, organic carbon content, and organic nitrogen content were also significantly higher in the salvaged area. The structural legacy of tip-up microtopography remains more pronounced in the unsalvaged area, with significantly taller tip-up mounds and deeper pits. Mosses and some forest herbs, including Athyrium filix-femina and Hydrophyllum virginianum, showed strong positive responses to this tip-up microrelief, highlighting the importance of these structural legacies for understory biodiversity. In sum, although the pathways of recovery differed, this forest appeared to be as resilient to the compound disturbances of windthrow plus salvage logging as to wind disturbance alone, by most vegetative measures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lang, Katharyn D.; Schulte, Lisa A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Guntenspergen, Glenn R.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. RP Lang, KD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1831 Highway 169E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM katharynlang@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Federal McIntire-Stennis Funds; Iowa State University; U.S. Geological Survey; National Geographic Society; American Philosophical Society FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Federal McIntire-Stennis Funds, Iowa State University, and the U.S. Geological Survey. G.R. Guntenspergen also acknowledges the support of a Sigma Xi Grant-In-Aid of Research that initiated this study in 1979 and support from the National Geographic Society and the American Philosophical Society to continue the long-term monitoring at this site. We thank T. Anderson for assistance in the field work, M.J. Burkgren for soil sample preparation, L. Burras for assistance with and advice on soil analysis, C. Mabry McMullen for assistance in analyzing understory herb data, P. Caragea for statistical advice, and R. Atwell and especially C. Peterson for comments on the manuscript. C.P. Dunn and J. Dorney were instrumental in helping to establish permanent plots in 1979. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 5 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.042 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 530IM UT WOS:000272582800007 ER PT J AU Owen, SM Sieg, CH Gehring, CA Bowker, MA AF Owen, Suzanne M. Sieg, Carolyn Hull Gehring, Catherine A. Bowker, Matthew A. TI Above- and belowground responses to tree thinning depend on the treatment of tree debris SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); Exotic plants; Mechanical mastication; Pinyon-juniper woodlands; Soil nutrients and stability; Slash pile burning ID PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BROMUS-TECTORUM; FIRE REGIMES; SOIL; SLASH; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY AB Mechanical mastication is increasingly prescribed for wildfire mitigation, yet little is known about the ecological impacts of this fuels treatment. Mastication shreds trees into woodchips as an alternative to tree thinning and burning the resulting slash, which can create soil disturbances that favor exotic plants. Previous research on mastication has not simultaneously considered both the responses of soil organisms and understory plant communities. We compared mastication to slash pile burning (both 6-months and 2.5-years post-treatment) and untreated controls in pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) woodland and measured soil properties, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and understory plant composition. Our results showed that slash pile burns had severely degraded soil properties and low AMIF abundance and richness compared to untreated or mastication plots. Pile burns were dominated by exotic plant species and had approximately 6x less understory plant abundance and richness than untreated plots. Only two variables differed between mastication and untreated plots 6-months post-treatment: mastication had lower soil temperature and higher soil moisture. Mastication plots 2.5-years post-treatment had more plant cover and richness than untreated plots or pile burns, although non-native Bromus tectorum cover was also greater and AMF spore richness was lower than untreated plots. The structural equation model (SEM) we developed showed that plant cover strongly influenced AMF abundance (0.50) and both plant cover (0.36) and AMF (0.31) positively influenced soil stability. In the short-term, mastication is a preferable method as it creates fewer disturbances than pile burning; however long-term impacts of mastication need further study as this practice could affect native plant communities. Our results suggest that the manner in which woody debris is treated following tree thinning has an important influence on soil stability and native plant biodiversity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Owen, Suzanne M.; Gehring, Catherine A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Sieg, Carolyn Hull] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Bowker, Matthew A.] Univ Rey Juan Carlos, Area Biodiversidad & Conservac, E-28993 Madrid, Spain. RP Owen, SM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Suzanne.Owen@nau.edu; csieg@fs.fed.us; Catherine.Gehring@nau.edu; Matthew.Bowker@urjc.es FU USDA Forest Service: Rocky Mountain Research Station [05CS-11221615-152] FX We thank Nancy Johnson, Steve Overby, Andrew Owen, Noah Barstatis, Rudy King, Cara MacMillan,Jim Fowler, Lauren Hertz, Dan Guido, John Hockersmith, Anita Antoninka, Bala Chaudhary, Bradford Blake, Ron Hartman and members of the Dolores Forest Service Station, CO and the Gehring and Johnson lab groups at NAU. This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service: Rocky Mountain Research Station: (Cost share agreement: 05CS-11221615-152). NR 47 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 5 PY 2009 VL 259 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.044 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 530IM UT WOS:000272582800009 ER PT J AU Netramai, S Rubino, M Auras, R Annous, BA AF Netramai, Siriyupa Rubino, Maria Auras, Rafael Annous, Bassam A. TI Mass Transfer Study of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Through Polymeric Packaging Materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE activation energy; diffusion; films; gas permeation; chlorine dioxide ID KILLING SALMONELLA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SANITIZER; YEASTS; FILMS; WATER; VAPOR; MOLDS; FRESH AB The mass transfer profile (permeability, diffusion, and solubility coefficients) of chlorine dioxide POD, a strong oxidizing agent that is used in food and pharmaceutical packaging, was determined through various common polymeric packaging materials. A continuous system for measuring permeation of ClO(2), using an electrochemical detector, was developed. It was observed that biaxially-oriented poly(propylene), poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly(lactic acid), nylon, and a multilayer structure of ethylene vinyl acetate and ethylene vinyl alcohol were better barriers for gaseous ClO(2), as compared to polyethylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and polystyrene. The activation energies of permeation for 002 through poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(lactic acid) were determined to be 51.05 +/- 4.35 and 129.03 +/- 2.82 kJ/mol, respectively. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 114: 2929-2936, 2009 C1 [Netramai, Siriyupa; Rubino, Maria; Auras, Rafael] Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Annous, Bassam A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rubino, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mariar@msu.edu FU USDA; USDA-CSREES-ICGP-00111 Integrated Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program-National Integrated Food Safety Initiative FX Contract grant sponsors: USDA, USDA-CSREES-ICGP-00111 Integrated Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program-National Integrated Food Safety Initiative. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD DEC 5 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 5 BP 2929 EP 2936 DI 10.1002/app.30869 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 502YO UT WOS:000270497200042 ER PT J AU Anderson, M Twine, T Black, A AF Anderson, Martha Twine, Tracy Black, Andy TI Foreword for special issue on Environmental Biophysics Dr. John Norman SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Anderson, Martha] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Twine, Tracy] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Black, Andy] Univ British Columbia, Biometeorol & Soil Phys Grp, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Twine, Tracy/H-2337-2013; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Twine, Tracy/0000-0002-8457-046X; Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 12 BP 2061 EP 2063 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.09.003 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536DU UT WOS:000273023700001 ER PT J AU Welles, JM Anderson, MC AF Welles, J. M. Anderson, M. C. TI Historical overview of John M. Norman's involvement in the development of several key instruments for biophysical measurement SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Instrumentation; Canopy architecture; Porometry; Photosynthesis ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; SITCHENSIS BONG CARR; PLANT CANOPIES; DIRECT SUNLIGHT; SOIL; RADIATION; LEAVES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSMITTANCE; ARCHITECTURE AB If you have ever used a quantum sensor, or measured the LAI of a plant canopy, or lugged around a portable photosynthesis system, then you are likely the beneficiary of just some of John Norman's work in instrumentation. In his nearly 40-year career of trying to understand plants and their environment through modeling and measurements, John's boundless creativity and enthusiasm have never let lack of available instrumentation stop him for long. He leaves behind an impressive wake of gadgets and devices. Most served their purpose, and provided the missing information being sought. Some of his devices have gone on to world-wide success, while others are found only in the dust of former students' memories. John's legacy, however, is clear, and goes well beyond instrumentation: he is a joyful, creative resource, as all who have had the privilege of knowing him can attest. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Anderson, M. C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Welles, J. M.] LI COR Biosci Inc, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Anderson, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM martha.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 12 BP 2064 EP 2070 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.05.013 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536DU UT WOS:000273023700002 ER PT J AU Kustas, W Anderson, M AF Kustas, William Anderson, Martha TI Advances in thermal infrared remote sensing for land surface modeling SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radiometric surface temperature; Energy balance; Thermal-based two-source modeling; One-source modeling; Evapotranspiration ID RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE OBSERVATIONS; SOIL HEAT-FLUX; ENERGY-BALANCE; VEGETATED SURFACES; SPARSE VEGETATION; ROUGHNESS LENGTH; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; HETEROGENEOUS TERRAIN; 2-SOURCE MODEL; NET-RADIATION AB Over 10 years ago, John Norman and co-authors proposed a thermal-based land surface modeling strategy that treated the energy exchange and kinetic temperatures of the soil and vegetated components in a unique "Two-Source Model" (TSM) approach. The TSM formulation addresses key factors affecting the convective and radiative exchange within the soil-canopy-atmosphere system. focusing on the relationship between radiometric and aerodynamic temperature. John Norman's contribution came at a time when thermal-based techniques applied to standard "One-Source Model" (OSM) for large scale land surface flux and evapotranspiration (ET) estimation were generally considered unreliable and not viable for operational remote sensing applications. Others have subsequently modified OSM schemes to accommodate the radiometric-aerodynamic temperature relationship for partial canopy cover conditions, approaching accuracies achieved with the TSM. In this study, Norman's TSM and two current OSM schemes are evaluated over a range in canopy cover and moisture conditions simulated by the Cupid model-a complex soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) scheme developed by Norman that simulates the complete radiation, convection/turbulence and hydrologic processes occurring at the soil/canopy interface. The use of SVAT simulations permitted the evaluation of TSM and OSM approaches over a greater range of hydrometeorological and vegetation cover conditions than typically available from field observations. The utility of the TSM versus OSM approaches in handling extremes in moisture/vegetation cover conditions simulated by the SVAT model Cupid is presented. Generally the TSM approach outperformed the OSM schemes for the extreme conditions. Moreover, the ability of the TSM to partition ET into evaporation and transpiration components provides additional hydrologic information about the moisture status of the soil and canopy system, and about the vertical distribution of moisture in the soil profile (surface layer vs. root zone). Examples for actual landscapes are presented in the application of the TSM as incorporated within in the Atmosphere Land EXchange Inverse/Disaggregation ALEXI (ALEXI/DisALEXI) modeling system, designed for operational applications at local to continental scales using multi-scale thermal imagery. This strategy for utilizing radiometric surface temperature in land surface modeling has converted many skeptics and more importantly rejuvenated many in the research and operational remote sensing community to reconsider the utility of thermal infrared remote sensing for monitoring land surface fluxes from local to regional scales. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kustas, William; Anderson, Martha] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Kustas, W (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Bill.Kustas@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 NR 83 TC 124 Z9 132 U1 10 U2 118 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 12 SI SI BP 2071 EP 2081 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.05.016 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536DU UT WOS:000273023700003 ER PT J AU Choi, M Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Allen, RG Li, FQ Kjaersgaard, JH AF Choi, Minha Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Allen, Richard G. Li, Fuqin Kjaersgaard, Jeppe H. TI An intercomparison of three remote sensing-based surface energy balance algorithms over a corn and soybean production region (Iowa, US) during SMACEX SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Surface energy balance; Evapotranspiration modeling; Surface temperature; Trapezoid interpolation model; METRIC; Two-source model ID EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; SOUTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; LAND-SURFACE; MAPPING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SPARSE VEGETATION; 2-SOURCE MODEL; FLUXES; HEAT; EVAPORATION; TEMPERATURE AB Reliable estimation of the surface energy balance from local to regional scales is crucial for many applications including weather forecasting, hydrologic modeling, irrigation scheduling, water resource management, and climate change research. Numerous models have been developed using remote sensing, which permits spatially distributed mapping of the surface energy balance over large areas. This study compares flux maps over a relatively simple agricultural landscape in central Iowa, comprised of soybean and corn fields, generated with three different remote sensing-based surface energy balance models: the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model, Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution using Internalized Calibration (METRIC), and the Trapezoid Interpolation Model (TIM). The three models have different levels of complexity and input requirements, but all have operational capabilities. METRIC and TIM make use of the remotely sensed surface temperature-vegetation cover relation to define key model variables linked to wet and dry hydrologic extremes, while TSEB uses these remotely sensed inputs to define component soil and canopy temperatures, aerodynamic resistances, and fluxes. The models were run using Landsat imagery collected during the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) in 2002 and model results were compared with observations from a network of flux towers deployed within the study area. While TSEB and METRIC yielded similar and reasonable agreement with measured heat fluxes, with root-mean-square errors (RMSE) of similar to 50-75 W/m(2), errors for TIM exceeded 100 W/m(2). Despite the good agreement between TSEB and METRIC at discrete locations sampled by the flux towers, a spatial intercomparison of gridded model output (i.e., comparing output on a pixel-by-pixel basis) revealed significant discrepancies in modeled turbulent heat flux patterns that were largely correlated with vegetation density. Generally, the largest discrepancies, primarily a bias in H, between these two models occurred in areas with partial vegetation cover and a leaf area index (LAI) < 2.0. Adjustment of the minimum LE assumed for the hot/dry hydrologic extreme condition in METRIC reduced the bias in H between METRIC and TSEB, but caused a significant increase in bias in LE between the models. Spatial intercomparison of modeled flux patterns over a variety of landscapes will be required to better assess uncertainties in remote sensing surface energy balance models, and to work toward an improved hybrid modeling system. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Choi, Minha] Hanyang Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Allen, Richard G.; Kjaersgaard, Jeppe H.] Univ Idaho, Kimberly Res Ctr, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Li, Fuqin] Australian Ctr Remote Sensing, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bill.Kustas@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU USDA-ARS Beltsville Area; NASA [SMEX02/SMACEX] FX This research would not have been possible without support of the USDA-ARS Beltsville Area and NASA funding of the SMEX02/SMACEX projects. Additionally we are grateful for the technical assistance provided by Drs. Rick Allen and Jeppe Kjaersgaard, which has been critical in guiding our development and implementation of METRIC to the satellite imagery used in the current study. NR 47 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 12 SI SI BP 2082 EP 2097 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.07.002 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536DU UT WOS:000273023700004 ER PT J AU Baker, JM Griffis, TJ AF Baker, John M. Griffis, Timothy J. TI Evaluating the potential use of winter cover crops in corn-soybean systems for sustainable co-production of food and fuel SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cover crops; Rye; Biofuel; Biomass ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER-BASIN; REDUCE NITRATE LOSS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PLANT-GROWTH; RYE; MODEL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CARBON; LEAF; BALANCE AB Climate change and economic concerns have motivated intense interest in the development of renewable energy sources, including fuels derived from plant biomass. However, the specter of massive biofuel production has raised other worries, specifically that by displacing food production it will lead to higher food prices, increased incidence of famine, and acceleration of undesirable land use change. One proposed solution is to increase the annual net primary productivity of the existing agricultural land base, so that it can sustainably produce both food and biofuel feedstocks. This might be possible in corn and soybean production regions through the use of winter cover crops, but the biophysical feasibility of this has not been systematically explored. We developed a model for this purpose that simulates the potential biomass production and water use of winter rye in continuous corn and corn-soybean rotations. The input data requirements represent an attempt to balance the demands of a physically and physiologically defensible simulation with the need for broad applicability in space and time. The necessary meteorological data are obtainable from standard agricultural weather stations, and the required management data are simply planting dates and harvest dates for corn and soybeans. Physiological parameters for rye were taken from the literature, supplemented by experimental data specifically collected for this project. The model was run for a number of growing seasons for 8 locations across the Midwestern USA. Results indicate potential rye biomass production of 1-8 Mg ha(-1), with the lowest yields at the more northern sites, where both PAR and degree-days are limited in the interval between fall corn harvest and spring corn or soybean planting. At all sites rye yields are substantially greater when the following crop is soybean rather than corn, since soybean is planted later. Not surprisingly, soil moisture depletion is most likely in years and sites where rye biomass production is greatest. Consistent production of both food and biomass from corn/winter rye/soybean systems will probably require irrigation in many areas and additional N fertilizer, creating possible environmental concerns. Rye growth limitations in the northern portion of the corn belt may be partially mitigated with aerial seeding of rye into standing corn. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baker, John M.] Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Baker, JM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM John.Baker@ars.usda.gov RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011 FU USDA-ARS; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0203ER63684] FX Support for this project was provided by the USDA-ARS Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP) and the Office of Science (B.E.R.), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG0203ER63684. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 12 BP 2120 EP 2132 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.05.017 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536DU UT WOS:000273023700007 ER PT J AU Moran, MS Scott, RL Hamerlynck, EP Green, KN Emmerich, WE Collins, CDH AF Moran, M. Susan Scott, Russell L. Hamerlynck, Erik P. Green, Kristin N. Emmerich, William E. Collins, Chandra D. Holifield TI Soil evaporation response to Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) invasion in a semiarid watershed SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evaporation; Invasive species; Climate change; Arid watershed ID EXOTIC ARIZONA GRASSLAND; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; NONNATIVE GRASSES; BARE SOIL; VEGETATION; MOISTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; DYNAMICS AB Across the western United States, warm-season grasslands are being invaded by the exotic perennial grass, Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass). The objective of this study was to quantify the change in surface water balance, particularly the evaporation from bare soil, associated with E. lehmanniana invasion. Following a protracted drought, the Kendall grassland in the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeast Arizona transitioned from a diverse, native bunchgrass community to one dominated by E. lehmanniana. A network of 20 microlysimeters was deployed to measure daily soil evaporation (E-D) in 2005 and again in 2007 (pre- and post-invasion years, respectively). This was supported with continuous measurements of evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation (P), runoff (R), surface soil moisture (theta), and solar irradiance (L) at Kendall from 2002 to the present. An empirical equation was developed to derive E-D based on theta measured midday at 5 cm depth and average daily L. This was applied to years 2002-2007 during the vegetation growing season (June through October). Results confirmed that total ET over the growing season (ETS) was a function of season-long infiltration (where I-S = P-S - R-S) for growing seasons over the past decade regardless of vegetation type, where ETS/I-S was slightly greater than one in years drier than average and close to one in years with greater than average infiltration. For years of similar precipitation patterns and ETS/I-S, the contribution of evaporation E to ET for the growing season (E-S/ETS) doubled with the invasion of E. lehmanniana. Variation in E-S/ETS ranged from 0.26 to 0.60 for years 2002-2007, where variation was related primarily to inter-annual precipitation patterns in the early season and to distinctive vegetation transformation in the middle season. These results are a first step toward understanding the ecohydrological consequences of E. lehmanniana invasion in semiarid grasslands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moran, M. Susan; Scott, Russell L.; Hamerlynck, Erik P.; Green, Kristin N.; Emmerich, William E.; Collins, Chandra D. Holifield] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM susan.moran@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9876800]; NSF [DEB - 0415977] FX We appreciate the assistance of the ARS Staff at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed led by John Smith. This analysis benefited greatly from the funding and findings of the SMEX04 campaign led by Tom Jackson. K. Green's work was supported in part by SAHRA (Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas) under the STC program of the National Science Foundation, Agreement No. EAR-9876800 and NSF award DEB - 0415977. This manuscript was written expressly as a tribute to the career accomplishments of John Norman and we acknowledge the substantial impact he has had on our understanding of environmental biophysics. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 EI 1873-2240 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 12 SI SI BP 2133 EP 2142 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.03.018 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536DU UT WOS:000273023700008 ER PT J AU Houborg, R Anderson, MC Norman, JM Wilson, T Meyers, T AF Houborg, Rasmus Anderson, Martha C. Norman, John M. Wilson, Tim Meyers, Tilden TI Intercomparison of a 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' modeling paradigm for estimating carbon and energy fluxes over a variety of vegetative regimes across the US SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CO2 fluxes; Evapotranspiration; Light-use-efficiency; Leaf photosynthesis; Bottom-up model; Top-down model; Stomatal conductance ID WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; EDDY-COVARIANCE; TEMPERATURE RESPONSE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LEAF NITROGEN AB Biophysical models intended for routine applications at a range of scales should attempt to balance the competing demands of generality and simplicity and be capable of realistically simulating the response of CO2 and energy fluxes to environmental and physiological forcings. At the same time they must remain computationally inexpensive and sufficiently simple to be effectively parameterized at the scale of application. This study investigates the utility of two modeling strategies for quantifying coupled land surface fluxes of carbon and water, which differ distinctly in their description of CO2 assimilation processes. 'Bottom-up' models of land-atmosphere carbon exchange are based on detailed mechanistic descriptions of leaf-level photosynthetic processes scaled to the canopy whereas 'top-down' scaling approaches neglect the behavior of individual leaves and consider the canopy response to its environment in bulk. Effective intercomparisons of a light-use-efficiency (LUE)-based model of canopy conductance and a mechanistic model of leaf photosynthesis-stomatal response that employs a 'two-leaf' scaling strategy are facilitated by embedding both canopy sub-models in the Atmosphere-Land Exchange (ALEX) surface energy balance model. Water and carbon flux simulations are evaluated across time scales of hours, days, seasons and years for a variety of natural and agricultural ecosystems, using micrometeorological data from several AmeriFlux sites across the U.S. While both modeling paradigms reproduced observed magnitudes and variances of carbon and water vapor exchange on hourly and daily timescales with acceptable accuracy, the simpler LUE-based model often performed better than the more detailed scaled-leaf model, which has many adjustable species-specific model parameters. Actual light-use efficiencies vary significantly in response to changing environmental conditions and the success of LUE-based modeling frameworks rely on their ability to realistically respond to changes in light environment, atmospheric humidity, CO2 concentration and a desiccating environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Houborg, Rasmus] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Houborg, Rasmus] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Anderson, Martha C.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Norman, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wilson, Tim; Meyers, Tilden] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Houborg, R (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rasmus.houborg@nasa.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Wilson, Timothy/C-9863-2016 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Wilson, Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323 NR 83 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 149 IS 12 SI SI BP 2162 EP 2182 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.10.002 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 536DU UT WOS:000273023700010 ER PT J AU Close, TJ Bhat, PR Lonardi, S Wu, YH Rostoks, N Ramsay, L Druka, A Stein, N Svensson, JT Wanamaker, S Bozdag, S Roose, ML Moscou, MJ Chao, SAM Varshney, RK Szucs, P Sato, K Hayes, PM Matthews, DE Kleinhofs, A Muehlbauer, GJ DeYoung, J Marshall, DF Madishetty, K Fenton, RD Condamine, P Graner, A Waugh, R AF Close, Timothy J. Bhat, Prasanna R. Lonardi, Stefano Wu, Yonghui Rostoks, Nils Ramsay, Luke Druka, Arnis Stein, Nils Svensson, Jan T. Wanamaker, Steve Bozdag, Serdar Roose, Mikeal L. Moscou, Matthew J. Chao, Shiaoman Varshney, Rajeev K. Szuecs, Peter Sato, Kazuhiro Hayes, Patrick M. Matthews, David E. Kleinhofs, Andris Muehlbauer, Gary J. DeYoung, Joseph Marshall, David F. Madishetty, Kavitha Fenton, Raymond D. Condamine, Pascal Graner, Andreas Waugh, Robbie TI Development and implementation of high-throughput SNP genotyping in barley SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY CONSENSUS MAP; HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; DART MARKERS; GENOME; STRESS; SSR; DNA; POPULATION; WHEAT; RICE AB Background: High density genetic maps of plants have, nearly without exception, made use of marker datasets containing missing or questionable genotype calls derived from a variety of genic and non-genic or anonymous markers, and been presented as a single linear order of genetic loci for each linkage group. The consequences of missing or erroneous data include falsely separated markers, expansion of cM distances and incorrect marker order. These imperfections are amplified in consensus maps and problematic when fine resolution is critical including comparative genome analyses and map-based cloning. Here we provide a new paradigm, a high-density consensus genetic map of barley based only on complete and error-free datasets and genic markers, represented accurately by graphs and approximately by a best-fit linear order, and supported by a readily available SNP genotyping resource. Results: Approximately 22,000 SNPs were identified from barley ESTs and sequenced amplicons; 4,596 of them were tested for performance in three pilot phase Illumina GoldenGate assays. Data from three barley doubled haploid mapping populations supported the production of an initial consensus map. Over 200 germplasm selections, principally European and US breeding material, were used to estimate minor allele frequency (MAF) for each SNP. We selected 3,072 of these tested SNPs based on technical performance, map location, MAF and biological interest to fill two 1536-SNP "production" assays (BOPA1 and BOPA2), which were made available to the barley genetics community. Data were added using BOPA1 from a fourth mapping population to yield a consensus map containing 2,943 SNP loci in 975 marker bins covering a genetic distance of 1099 cM. Conclusion: The unprecedented density of genic markers and marker bins enabled a high resolution comparison of the genomes of barley and rice. Low recombination in pericentric regions is evident from bins containing many more than the average number of markers, meaning that a large number of genes are recombinationally locked into the genetic centromeric regions of several barley chromosomes. Examination of US breeding germplasm illustrated the usefulness of BOPA1 and BOPA2 in that they provide excellent marker density and sensitivity for detection of minor alleles in this genetically narrow material. C1 [Close, Timothy J.; Bhat, Prasanna R.; Svensson, Jan T.; Wanamaker, Steve; Roose, Mikeal L.; Moscou, Matthew J.; Madishetty, Kavitha; Fenton, Raymond D.; Condamine, Pascal] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Lonardi, Stefano; Wu, Yonghui; Bozdag, Serdar] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Comp Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Rostoks, Nils; Ramsay, Luke; Druka, Arnis; Marshall, David F.; Waugh, Robbie] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. [Stein, Nils; Varshney, Rajeev K.; Graner, Andreas] Leibniz Inst Plant Genet & Crop Plant Res IPK, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany. [Chao, Shiaoman] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Szuecs, Peter; Hayes, Patrick M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sato, Kazuhiro] Okayama Univ, Bioresources Res Inst, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100046, Japan. [Matthews, David E.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Kleinhofs, Andris] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Muehlbauer, Gary J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [DeYoung, Joseph] Univ Calif Los Angeles, So Calif Genotyping Consortium, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bhat, Prasanna R.] Monsanto Res Ctr, Bangalore 560092, Karnataka, India. [Wu, Yonghui] Google, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Stein, Nils] Latvian State Univ, Fac Biol, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia. [Svensson, Jan T.] Univ Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Bozdag, Serdar] NCI, NIH, Neurooncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Moscou, Matthew J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Varshney, Rajeev K.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Condamine, Pascal] NetSocial Mkt, F-15600 Le Puech, Montmurat, France. RP Close, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM timothy.close@ucr.edu; prasannarb@gmail.com; stelo@cs.ucr.edu; yonghui@cs.ucr.edu; nrostoks@latnet.lv; Luke.Ramsay@scri.ac.uk; arnisdruka@aol.com; stein@ipk-gatersleben.de; jsv@life.ku.dk; steve.wanamaker@ucr.edu; sbozdag@cs.ucr.edu; mikeal.roose@ucr.edu; moscou@iastate.edu; Shiaoman.Chao@ars.usda.gov; r.k.varshney@cgiar.org; Peter.Szucs@oregonstate.edu; kazsato@rib.okayama-U.ac.jp; hayesp@css.orst.edu; Matthews@greengenes.cit.cornell.edu; andyk@wsu.edu; Gary.J.Muehlbauer-1@tc.umn.edu; Jdeyoung@mednet.ucla.edu; D.F.Marshall@scri.sari.ac.uk; kavithavcs@yahoo.com; raymond.fenton@ucr.edu; pascalcondamine@yahoo.fr; a_graner@IPK-Gatersleben.de; rwaugh@scri.sari.ac.uk RI Marshall, David/F-2471-2011; svensson, jan/D-1815-2009; Varshney, Rajeev/C-5295-2014; Moscou, Matthew/D-5266-2011; OI Marshall, David/0000-0001-9309-2570; Varshney, Rajeev/0000-0002-4562-9131; Moscou, Matthew/0000-0003-2098-6818; Rostoks, Nils/0000-0002-4047-2438 FU NSF DBI [0321756]; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department; Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics; Crop Plant Research FX This research was supported by NSF DBI Grant No. 0321756 "Coupling EST and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Resources to Access the Barley Genome", USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No. 2006-55606-16722 "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement", the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department, and core funding from the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research. NR 26 TC 314 Z9 318 U1 9 U2 97 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 582 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-582 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535PW UT WOS:000272983700001 PM 19961604 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Connorton, JM Guo, YQ Li, XK Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD Pittman, JK AF Zhao, Jian Connorton, James M. Guo, YingQing Li, Xiangkai Shigaki, Toshiro Hirschi, Kendal D. Pittman, Jon K. TI Functional Studies of Split Arabidopsis Ca2+/H+ Exchangers SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIMOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE COMPLEMENTATION; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SUCROSE TRANSPORTERS; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; ABC TRANSPORTER; CROSS-TALK; CAX1; YEAST; IDENTIFICATION AB In plants, high capacity tonoplast cation/H+ antiport is mediated in part by a family of cation exchanger (CAX) transporters. Functional association between CAX1 and CAX3 has previously been shown. In this study we further examine the interactions between CAX protein domains through the use of nonfunctional halves of CAX transporters. We demonstrate that a protein coding for an N-terminal half of an activated variant of CAX1(sCAX1) can associate with the C-terminal half of either CAX1 or CAX3 to form a functional transporter that may exhibit unique transport properties. Using yeast split ubiquitin, in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and gel shift experiments, we demonstrate a physical interaction among the half proteins. Moreover, the half-proteins both independently localized to the same yeast endomembrane. Co-expressing variants of N- and C-terminal halves of CAX1 and CAX3 in yeast suggested that the N-terminal region mediates Ca2+ transport, whereas the C-terminal half defines salt tolerance phenotypes. Furthermore, in yeast assays, auto-inhibited CAX1 could be differentially activated by CAX split proteins. The N-terminal half of CAX1 when co-expressed with CAX1 activated Ca2+ transport, whereas co-expressing C-terminal halves of CAX variants with CAX1 conferred salt tolerance but no apparent Ca2+ transport. These findings demonstrate plasticity through hetero-CAX complex formation as well as a novel means to engineer CAX transport. C1 [Zhao, Jian; Guo, YingQing; Li, Xiangkai; Shigaki, Toshiro; Hirschi, Kendal D.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Connorton, James M.; Pittman, Jon K.] Univ Manchester, Fac Life Sci, Manchester M13 9PT, Lancs, England. [Hirschi, Kendal D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St,Suite 9018,Campus Mail Stop BCM 320, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kendalh@bcm.edu OI Zhao, Jian/0000-0002-4416-7334; Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001]; National Science Foundation [90344350]; United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, & Extension Service [2005-34402-17121]; Designing Foods for Health grant; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/B502152/1] FX This work was supported by funding from the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6001, National Science Foundation Grant 90344350, United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, & Extension Service Grant 2005-34402-17121, a Designing Foods for Health grant (to K. D. H.), and by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant BB/B502152/1 (to J. K. P.). NR 44 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD DEC 4 PY 2009 VL 284 IS 49 BP 34075 EP 34083 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.070235 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 524TE UT WOS:000272165200040 PM 19819871 ER PT J AU Chui, KKH Webb, P Russell, RM Naumova, EN AF Chui, Kenneth K. H. Webb, Patrick Russell, Robert M. Naumova, Elena N. TI Geographic variations and temporal trends of Salmonella-associated hospitalization in the US elderly, 1991-2004: A time series analysis of the impact of HACCP regulation SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; TEMPERATURE; SEASONALITY; FOODNET; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY AB Background: About 1.4 million Salmonella infections, a common food-borne illness, occur in the U.S. annually; the elderly (aged 65 or above) are most susceptible. In 1997, the USDA introduced the Pathogen Reduction and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points Systems (PR/HACCP) which demands regular Salmonella testing in various establishments processing meat products, such as broiler chickens. Impact evaluations of PR/HACCP on hospitalizations related to Salmonella are lacking. Methods: Hospitalization records of the U. S. elderly in 1991-2004 were obtained from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services. Harmonic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the long-term trends of Salmonella-related hospitalizations in pre- and post-HACCP periods. Seasonal characteristics of the outcome in the nine Census divisions of the contiguous U.S. were also derived and contrasted. Results: Predicted rates decreased in most divisions after 1997, except South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central. These three divisions also demonstrated higher overall hospitalization rates, pronounced seasonal patterns, and consistent times to peak at about 32(nd) to 34(th) week of the year. Conclusion: The impact of HACCP was geographically different. South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central divisions should be targeted in further Salmonella preventive programs. Further research is needed to identify the best program type and timing of implementation. C1 [Chui, Kenneth K. H.; Naumova, Elena N.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Webb, Patrick] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Russell, Robert M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chui, KKH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM kenneth.chui@tufts.edu; patrick.webb@tufts.edu; rob.russell@tufts.edu; elena.naumova@tufts.edu RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [NIH-NIEHS-R01ES013171]; PHS HHS [NIH-NIAID HHSN266200500032C] NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 447 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-9-447 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 537VZ UT WOS:000273143700001 PM 19958556 ER PT J AU LaFrentz, BR LaPatra, SE Call, DR Wiens, GD Cain, KD AF LaFrentz, B. R. LaPatra, S. E. Call, D. R. Wiens, G. D. Cain, K. D. TI Proteomic analysis of Flavobacterium psychrophilum cultured in vivo and in iron-limited media SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Flavobacterium psychrophilum; Pathogenesis; Vaccine candidate; Bacterial coldwater disease; Proteomic; In vivo growth; Iron-limited growth ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; UNIVERSAL STRESS-PROTEIN; HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FRY SYNDROME; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; BACTERIAL PATHOGEN AB Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiologic agent of bacterial coldwater disease, but the pathogenic mechanisms of this important fish pathogen are not fully understood. Identifying bacterial genes of F. psychrophilum differentially expressed in vivo may lead to a better understanding of pathogenesis and provide targets for vaccine development. Therefore, the present study used a proteomic approach to identify and quantify proteins of F psychrophilum following growth in vivo and under iron-limited growth conditions. As determined by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), numerous proteins exhibited different spot intensities following culture of the bacterium in vivo, and of these, 20 were selected and identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and Mascot searches of the F psychrophilum genome. Eighteen proteins exhibited increased spot intensities in vivo, and these included: several chaperone and stress proteins, gliding motility protein GldN, outer membrane protein OmpH, 2 probable Outer membrane proteins (OmpA family), probable aminopeptidase precursor, probable lipoprotein precursor, 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-reductase, and several proteins with unknown function. Two proteins exhibited decreased spot intensities in vivo and were identified as ferritin FtnA and outer membrane protein OmpA (P60). Culture of F psychrophilum in iron-limited media resulted in similar protein spot intensity changes for 6 of the 20 proteins identified following growth in vivo. Results from the present study suggest a role of upregulated proteins in the pathogenesis of F psychrophilum and these may represent potential vaccine candidate antigens. C1 [LaFrentz, B. R.; Cain, K. D.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [LaFrentz, B. R.; Cain, K. D.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [LaPatra, S. E.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Div Res, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [Call, D. R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wiens, G. D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Cain, KD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, POB 441136, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM kcain@uidaho.edu OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780 FU USDA [2003-33610-13945]; Idaho and Washington Aquaculture Initiative USDA-CSREES [2003-34468-14085, 2004-34468-15199] FX This research was funded in part by the USDA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program (grant no, 2003-33610-13945) and the Idaho and Washington Aquaculture Initiative USDA-CSREES (award nos. 2003-34468-14085, 2004-34468-15199). The authors gratefully acknowledge D. Whitten at the Proteomics Core Facility of Michigan State University for assistance with mass spectrometry analysis and protein identification. NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 87 IS 3 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.3354/dao02122 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 537KR UT WOS:000273112300003 PM 20099411 ER PT J AU Santin, M Zarlenga, DS AF Santin, Monica Zarlenga, Dante S. TI A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay to simultaneously distinguish Cryptosporidium species of veterinary and public health concern in cattle SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle; Cryptosporidium; C. andersoni; C. bovis; C. parvum; C. ryanae; Multiplex; PCR ID N. SP APICOMPLEXA; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DEER-LIKE GENOTYPE; DAIRY-CATTLE; BOS-TAURUS; PREVALENCE; CALVES; INFECTIONS; PARVUM; BOVIS AB Four species of Cryptosporidium are routinely found in cattle: Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae, and Cryptosporidium andersoni. It is important to determine the species of Cryptosporidium in infected cattle because C parvum is the only serious pathogen for humans as well as cattle. Identification of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes currently relies on molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or gene sequencing. Incorporation of these techniques in a routine veterinary diagnostic laboratory is cost prohibitive. As such, their applications are limited primarily to research and a few public health laboratories. To overcome this problem, a multiplex PCR assay was developed for simultaneously detecting the 4 species of Cryptosporidium that commonly infect cattle. This assay specifically identifies Cryptosporidium oocysts present in cattle feces, improves the detection of mixed infections, reduces the time and cost relative to current sequencing methods, and further demonstrates the shortcomings of sequencing as the definitive method for identification when analyzing samples containing mixed infections. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Santin, Monica] ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zarlenga, Dante S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Santin, M (reprint author), ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 173,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM monica.santin-duran@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.039 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 523QW UT WOS:000272090400006 PM 19713046 ER PT J AU Silva, MG Henriques, G Sanchez, C Marques, PX Suarez, CE Oliva, A AF Silva, Marta G. Henriques, Gisela Sanchez, Claudia Marques, Patricia X. Suarez, Carlos E. Oliva, Abel TI First survey for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle from Central and Southern regions of Portugal using serological and DNA detection methods SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Babesia bigemina; Portugal; ELISA; PCR ID RHOPTRY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-1; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; B-CELL EPITOPES; ANTIBODIES; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; ANAPLASMOSIS; VACCINATION; HEPATOZOON; VALIDATION AB Incidence of bovine babesiosis in Portugal is currently unknown. In this study, a first survey of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in cattle was carried out using blood samples from 406 clinically healthy individuals from different districts from Central and Southern regions of Portugal and analyzed by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Overall, serological testing revealed that 79% and 52% of cattle were positive for B. bovis and B. bigemina antibodies, respectively, whereas nPCR testing detected 71% and 34% cattle infected with B. bovis and B. bigemina protozoan, respectively. This is the first report of the prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina in cattle obtained by serological and DNA analysis studies in Central and Southern regions of Portugal. These data suggests high incidence of Babesia sp. infection in Portugal and can be used for designing adequate control programs, (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Silva, Marta G.; Henriques, Gisela; Sanchez, Claudia; Marques, Patricia X.; Oliva, Abel] Univ Nova Lisboa, ITQB IBET, Biomol Diagnost Lab, P-2781901 Oeiras, Portugal. [Suarez, Carlos E.] WSU, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. RP Silva, MG (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, ITQB IBET, Biomol Diagnost Lab, Av Republ,Apt 12, P-2781901 Oeiras, Portugal. EM msilva@itqb.unl.pt RI Oliva, Abel/B-9118-2011; Sanchez, Claudia/B-7643-2016 OI Oliva, Abel/0000-0001-8320-0937; Sanchez, Claudia/0000-0002-8596-7821 FU European Project (MEDLABAB) [003691]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal) FX This work was financed by the European Project (MEDLABAB) INCO-EV-2005-2007 Proj. No: 003691. Marta Silva is grateful for a scholarship from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal). Thanks to Paul Lacy for all his help, Debbie Alperin and Carl Johnson for their help in protein expression, purification and ELISA. To Silvina Wilkowsky who kindly provided us a purified sample of B. bigernina DNA. An acknowledgement to Prof. Isabel Neto for her help in statistic analyzes, and also the authors want to acknowledge Isabel Fazendeirci and all veterinary support: ADS Beja, ADS Litoral Alentejano and Dr. Carsten. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 3 PY 2009 VL 166 IS 1-2 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.031 PG 7 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 523QW UT WOS:000272090400011 PM 19699587 ER PT J AU Parks, M Cronn, R Liston, A AF Parks, Matthew Cronn, Richard Liston, Aaron TI Increasing phylogenetic resolution at low taxonomic levels using massively parallel sequencing of chloroplast genomes SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT SEQUENCES; PLASTID GENOMES; PINUS PINACEAE; LAND PLANTS; SHORT READS; DNA; BOOTSTRAP; CONFIDENCE; INFERENCE; GENES AB Background: Molecular evolutionary studies share the common goal of elucidating historical relationships, and the common challenge of adequately sampling taxa and characters. Particularly at low taxonomic levels, recent divergence, rapid radiations, and conservative genome evolution yield limited sequence variation, and dense taxon sampling is often desirable. Recent advances in massively parallel sequencing make it possible to rapidly obtain large amounts of sequence data, and multiplexing makes extensive sampling of megabase sequences feasible. Is it possible to efficiently apply massively parallel sequencing to increase phylogenetic resolution at low taxonomic levels? Results: We reconstruct the infrageneric phylogeny of Pinus from 37 nearly-complete chloroplast genomes (average 109 kilobases each of an approximately 120 kilobase genome) generated using multiplexed massively parallel sequencing. 30/33 ingroup nodes resolved with >= 95% bootstrap support; this is a substantial improvement relative to prior studies, and shows massively parallel sequencing-based strategies can produce sufficient high quality sequence to reach support levels originally proposed for the phylogenetic bootstrap. Resampling simulations show that at least the entire plastome is necessary to fully resolve Pinus, particularly in rapidly radiating clades. Metaanalysis of 99 published infrageneric phylogenies shows that whole plastome analysis should provide similar gains across a range of plant genera. A disproportionate amount of phylogenetic information resides in two loci (ycf1, ycf2), highlighting their unusual evolutionary properties. Conclusion: Plastome sequencing is now an efficient option for increasing phylogenetic resolution at lower taxonomic levels in plant phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. With continuing improvements in sequencing capacity, the strategies herein should revolutionize efforts requiring dense taxon and character sampling, such as phylogeographic analyses and species-level DNA barcoding. C1 [Parks, Matthew; Liston, Aaron] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cronn, Richard] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Liston, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM parksma@science.oregonstate.edu; rcronn@fs.fed.us; listona@science.oregonstate.edu OI Cronn, Richard/0000-0001-5342-3494 FU National Science Foundation [ATOL-0629508, DEB-0317103]; Oregon State University College of Science Venture; US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX We thank Mariah Parker-deFeniks and Sarah Sundholm for lab assistance, Uranbileg Daalkhaijav, Zachary Foster and Brian Knaus for computing assistance, Linda Raubeson for providing a chloroplast isolation of Larix occidentalis, Christopher Campbell and Justen Whittall for DNA samples, David Gernandt, Chris Pires, Jonathan Wendel and Mark Fishbein for editorial comments, and Steffi Ickert-Bond for timely questions. We also thank Mark Dasenko, Scott Givan, Chris Sullivan and Steve Drake of the OSU Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants (ATOL-0629508 and DEB-0317103 to A. L. and R. C.), the Oregon State University College of Science Venture Fund and the US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. NR 61 TC 156 Z9 162 U1 6 U2 54 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD DEC 2 PY 2009 VL 7 AR 84 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-7-84 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 532XI UT WOS:000272783300001 PM 19954512 ER PT J AU Regier, JC Zwick, A Cummings, MP Kawahara, AY Cho, S Weller, S Roe, A Baixeras, J Brown, JW Parr, C Davis, DR Epstein, M Hallwachs, W Hausmann, A Janzen, DH Kitching, IJ Solis, MA Yen, SH Bazinet, AL Mitter, C AF Regier, Jerome C. Zwick, Andreas Cummings, Michael P. Kawahara, Akito Y. Cho, Soowon Weller, Susan Roe, Amanda Baixeras, Joaquin Brown, John W. Parr, Cynthia Davis, Donald R. Epstein, Marc Hallwachs, Winifred Hausmann, Axel Janzen, Daniel H. Kitching, Ian J. Solis, M. Alma Yen, Shen-Horn Bazinet, Adam L. Mitter, Charles TI Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CODING NUCLEAR GENES; BAYESIAN PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; POSTERIOR PROBABILITY; HIGHER CLASSIFICATION; TREE SELECTION; SEQUENCE DATA; MITOCHONDRIAL; SUBSTITUTION; BOOTSTRAP; GLOSSATA AB Background: In the mega-diverse insect order Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths; 165,000 described species), deeper relationships are little understood within the clade Ditrysia, to which 98% of the species belong. To begin addressing this problem, we tested the ability of five protein-coding nuclear genes (6.7 kb total), and character subsets therein, to resolve relationships among 123 species representing 27 (of 33) superfamilies and 55 (of 100) families of Ditrysia under maximum likelihood analysis. Results: Our trees show broad concordance with previous morphological hypotheses of ditrysian phylogeny, although most relationships among superfamilies are weakly supported. There are also notable surprises, such as a consistently closer relationship of Pyraloidea than of butterflies to most Macrolepidoptera. Monophyly is significantly rejected by one or more character sets for the putative clades Macrolepidoptera as currently defined (P < 0.05) and Macrolepidoptera excluding Noctuoidea and Bombycoidea sensu lato (P <= 0.005), and nearly so for the superfamily Drepanoidea as currently defined (P < 0.08). Superfamilies are typically recovered or nearly so, but usually without strong support. Relationships within superfamilies and families, however, are often robustly resolved. We provide some of the first strong molecular evidence on deeper splits within Pyraloidea, Tortricoidea, Geometroidea, Noctuoidea and others. Separate analyses of mostly synonymous versus non-synonymous character sets revealed notable differences (though not strong conflict), including a marked influence of compositional heterogeneity on apparent signal in the third codon position (nt3). As available model partitioning methods cannot correct for this variation, we assessed overall phylogeny resolution through separate examination of trees from each character set. Exploration of "tree space" with GARLI, using grid computing, showed that hundreds of searches are typically needed to find the best-feasible phylogeny estimate for these data. Conclusion: Our results (a) corroborate the broad outlines of the current working phylogenetic hypothesis for Ditrysia, (b) demonstrate that some prominent features of that hypothesis, including the position of the butterflies, need revision, and (c) resolve the majority of family and subfamily relationships within superfamilies as thus far sampled. Much further gene and taxon sampling will be needed, however, to strongly resolve individual deeper nodes. C1 [Kawahara, Akito Y.; Cho, Soowon; Mitter, Charles] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Regier, Jerome C.; Zwick, Andreas] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Biosyst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cummings, Michael P.; Bazinet, Adam L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, Lab Mol Evolut, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cho, Soowon] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Plant Med, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Weller, Susan; Roe, Amanda] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Roe, Amanda] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada. [Baixeras, Joaquin] Univ Valencia, Cavanilles Inst Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol, Valencia 46071, Spain. [Brown, John W.; Solis, M. Alma] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Davis, Donald R.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Epstein, Marc] Calif Dept Food & Agr, Plant Pest Diagnost Branch, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. [Hallwachs, Winifred; Janzen, Daniel H.] Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hausmann, Axel] Bavarian State Collect Zool, D-81247 Munich, Germany. [Kitching, Ian J.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Entomol, London SW7 5BD, England. [Yen, Shen-Horn] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan. RP Mitter, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM regier@umbi.umd.edu; zwick@umbi.umd.edu; mike@umiacs.umd.edu; kawahara@umd.edu; soowon@umd.edu; welle008@umn.edu; aroe@ualberta.ca; joaquin.baixeras@uv.es; john.brown@ars.usda.gov; parrc@si.edu; davisd@si.edu; mepstein@cfda.ca.gov; whallwac@sas.upenn.edu; axel.hausmann@zsm.mwn.de; djanzen@sas.upenn.edu; i.kitching@nhm.ac.uk; alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; shenhornyen@hotmail.com; pknut777@umiacs.umd.edu; cmitter@umd.edu RI Roe, Amanda/A-3902-2013; Parr, Cynthia/E-8013-2010; Baixeras, Joaquin/L-1734-2014; Zwick, Andreas/A-5735-2015 OI Parr, Cynthia/0000-0002-8870-7099; Baixeras, Joaquin/0000-0002-6092-0496; FU U.S. National Science Foundation [0531626, 0531769]; NSF [BSR 9024770, DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, 0515699] FX We are greatly indebted to generous colleagues for supplying specimens for this study, including J. K. Adams, D. Adamski, K. Nishida, V. Becker, N. Bloomfield, T. Burbidge, J. Farr, G. Clarke, R. F. Denno, E. Edwards, M. Fibiger, T. Friedlander, J. Giebultowicz, R.J.B. Hoare, K. R. Horst, R. Hutchings, N. Hyde'n, W. Kelly, R. LeClerc, M. J. Matthews, N. McFarland, D. Messersmith, A. Mitchell, R. Poole, K.-T. Park, J. O. Nelson, E. S. Nielsen, R. S. Peigler, K. Pullen, R. Robertson, G. Tremewan, A. Venables, A. Willis, and K. Wolfe. Suwei Zhao and Kongyi Jiang provided technical assistance, and K. Mitter made essential contributions as specimen collection and database manager. We are grateful to M. Mutanen, L. Kaila, N. Wahlberg for permission to cite their work in progress. We thank D. Sean Brady, Sonja Scheffer and the five anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation's Assembling the Tree of Life program, award numbers 0531626 and 0531769, and by NSF grants BSR 9024770 and DEB 9306296, 9400829, 9705072, 0072730, and 0515699 to DHJ. NR 77 TC 130 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 42 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD DEC 2 PY 2009 VL 9 AR 280 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-9-280 PG 21 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535PH UT WOS:000272982200001 PM 19954545 ER PT J AU Takov, D Pilarska, D Moser, J AF Takov, Danail Pilarska, Daniela Moser, John TI Phoretic mites associated with spruce bark beetle Ips typographus L. (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Bulgaria SO ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA LA English DT Article DE phoretic mites; Ips typographus; Bulgaria ID COLEOPTERA AB A total of 818 specimens of Ips typographus L. were investigated for the presence of phoretic mites. They were collected from 4 localities in Vitosha Mountain, near Sofia. Five phoretic mites were found: Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Trichouropoda polytricha, Histiostoma piceae, Uroobovella ipidis and Protolaelaps fiseri. 11.1% from all investigated specimens of Ips typographus had phoretic mites, but local percentages varied from 5.2% in Zlatni Mostove to 51.1% in Yavorova polyana. This is the first report of phoretic mites associated with I. typographus in Bulgaria. C1 [Takov, Danail; Pilarska, Daniela] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. [Moser, John] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA USA. RP Takov, D (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. EM dtakov@yahoo.com; dpilarska@zoology.bas.bg FU National Science Fund of Bulgaria [DO-02-251/2008] FX We are especially indebted to the National Science Fund of Bulgaria grant DO-02-251/2008 for its contribution to this work. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST ZOOLOGY, BULGARIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI SOFIA PA 1 TSAR OSVOBODITEL BLVD., SOFIA, 00000, BULGARIA SN 0324-0770 J9 ACTA ZOOL BULGAR JI Acta Zool. Bulg. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 61 IS 3 BP 293 EP 296 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 537XN UT WOS:000273147700006 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Leytem, AB AF Dungan, Robert S. Leytem, April B. TI The effect of extraction, storage, and analysis techniques on the measurement of airborne endotoxin from a large dairy SO AEROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Airborne; Bioaerosol; Concentrated animal feeding operations; Endotoxin; Limulus amebocyte lysate assay ID ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOTOXIN; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; DUST; BACTERIA; FARMERS; GLUCANS; ASSAY AB The objective of this study was to fill in additional knowledge gaps with respect to the extraction, storage, and analysis of airborne endotoxin, with a specific focus on samples from a dairy production facility. We utilized polycarbonate filters to collect total airborne endotoxins, sonication as the extraction technique, and 0.05% Tween 20 in pyrogen-free water (PFW) as the extraction solution. Endotoxin concentrations were determined via the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The endotoxin concentrations in extracts after 15 and 30 min of filter sonication were similar, while the concentration in 60 min extracts was about twofold lower. Rapidly vortexing samples for up to 15 min after sonication did not increase the endotoxin concentration. However, concentrations were 13 and 26% lower in extracts that were centrifuged at 1,000 and 10,000g for up to 15 min, respectively. Field samples and endotoxin standard were also sonicated in glass or polypropylene tubes for up to 120 min. Regardless of the extraction vessel, a decrease in endotoxin concentration occurred when sonicated for >30 min. Samples and endotoxin standard subjected to 12 freeze-thaw cycles at -20 degrees C only showed a slight but not significant decrease in endotoxin concentration. Our results also demonstrate the importance of simultaneously adding LAL reagent to 96-well plates before initiating the LAL assay. C1 [Dungan, Robert S.; Leytem, April B.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0393-5965 J9 AEROBIOLOGIA JI Aerobiologia PD DEC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 4 BP 265 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s10453-009-9131-9 PG 9 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UW UT WOS:000271197300007 ER PT J AU Nguyen, SV Ollinger, M AF Nguyen, Sang V. Ollinger, Michael TI Mergers and Acquisitions, Employment, Wages, and Plant Closures in the US Meat Product Industries SO AGRIBUSINESS LA English DT Article AB The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on wages, employment, and plant closures in the meat packing, prepared meat products, and poultry slaughter and processing industries during two merger periods, 1977-1987 and 1982-1992. The analysis relies on two balanced panel datasets of all plants owned by meat and Poultry firms that existed in the 1977 Census of Manufacturing and survived until 1987 and another dataset of plants that existed in 1982 and survived until 1992. We find that (a) M&As are positively associated with wages in the meat packing and prepared meat products industries during 1977-1987, but not during 1982-1992; (b) changes in employment are positively related to M&As in all three meat and poultry industries during 1977-1987, but only in the Poultry industry during 1982-1992; and (c) M&As are generally negatively associated with plant closures [EconLit. Citations: J630]. (c) 2009 wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Nguyen, Sang V.] US Bur Census, Ctr Econ Studies, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Ollinger, Michael] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Nguyen, SV (reprint author), US Bur Census, Ctr Econ Studies, Washington, DC 20233 USA. EM sang.v.nguyen@census.gov; ollinger@ers.usda.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0742-4477 J9 AGRIBUSINESS JI Agribusiness PD WIN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 70 EP 89 DI 10.1002/agr.20186 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA 398KC UT WOS:000262730000005 ER PT J AU Ko, JH Piccinni, G Marek, T Howell, T AF Ko, Jonghan Piccinni, Giovanni Marek, Thomas Howell, Terry TI Determination of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) of cotton and wheat SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Crop coefficient; ET measurement; Weighing lysimeter ID IRRIGATED WINTER-WHEAT; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; WEIGHING LYSIMETERS; WATER-USE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; YIELD; MODEL AB Development of crop coefficient (Kc), the ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) to reference evapotranspiration (ETo), can enhance ETc estimates in relation to specific crop phenological development. This research was conducted to determine growth-stage-specific Kc and crop water use for cotton (Gossypium hirstitum) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) at the Texas AgriLife Research field at Uvalde, TX, USA from 2005 to 2008. Weighing lysimeters were used to measure crop water use and local weather data were used to determine the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). Seven lysimeters, weighing about 14 Mg, consisted of undisturbed 1.5 m x 2.0 m x 2.2 m deep soil monoliths. Six lysimeters were located in the center of a I-ha field beneath a linear-move sprinkler system equipped with low energy precision application (LEPA) and a seventh lysimeter was established to measure reference grass ETo. Crop water requirements, Kc determination, and comparison to existing FAO Kc values were determined over a 2-year period on cotton and a 3-year period on wheat. Seasonal total amounts of crop water use ranged from 689 to 830 mm for cotton and from 483 to 505 mm for wheat. The Kc values determined over the growing seasons varied from 0.2 to 1.5 for cotton and 0.1 to 1.7 for wheat. Some of the values corresponded and some did not correspond to those from FAO-56 and from the Texas High Plains and elsewhere in other states. We assume that the development of regionally based and growth-stage-specific Kc helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for this region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ko, Jonghan] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Piccinni, Giovanni] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. [Marek, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Howell, Terry] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Ko, Jonghan; Piccinni, Giovanni] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. RP Ko, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jonghan.Ko@ars.usda.gov FU Texas Water Development Board [0603580596]; Rio Grande Basin Initiative [2005-34461-15661] FX This study is a partial outcome of the Precision Irrigators Network (PIN) project, funded by Texas Water Development Board (TWDB: Project No. 0603580596), and Rio Grande Basin Initiative (RGBI: Grant No. 2005-34461-15661). The authors would like to express their appreciation to Texas Water Resources Institute (TWRI) for administrative project assistance. We also thank Dr. Clothier and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1691 EP 1697 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.06.023 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 513TG UT WOS:000271345800002 ER PT J AU Piccinni, G Ko, JH Marek, T Howell, T AF Piccinni, Giovanni Ko, Jonghan Marek, Thomas Howell, Terry TI Determination of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (K-C) of maize and sorghum SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Crop coefficient; ET measurement; Weighing lysimeter ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; HIGH-PLAINS; WEIGHING LYSIMETERS; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; YIELD; COTTON; CORN; MODEL AB A ratio of crop evapotranspiration (ETC) to reference evapotranspiration (ETO) determines a crop coefficient (K-C) value. which is related to specific crop phenological development to improve transferability of the K-C values. Development of K-C can assist in predicting crop irrigation needs using meteorological data from weather stations. The objective of the research was conducted to determine growth-stage-specific K-C and Crop Water use for maize (Zea Mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) at Texas AgriLife Research field in Uvalde, TX, USA from 2002 to 2008. Seven lysimeters, weighing about 14 Mg, consisted of undisturbed 1.5 m x 2.0 m x 2.2 m deep soil monoliths. Six lysimeters were located in the center of a 1-ha field beneath a linear-move sprinkler system equipped with low energy precision application (LEPA). A seventh lysimeter was established to measure reference grass ETO. Crop water requirements, K-C determination, and comparison to existing FAO K-C values were determined over a 3-year period for both maize and sorghum. Accumulated seasonal crop water use ranged between 441 and 641 mm for maize and between 491 and 533 mm for sorghum. The K-C values determined during the growing seasons varied from 0.2 to 1.2 for maize and 0.2 to 1.0 for sorghum. Some of the values corresponded and some did not correspond to those from FAO-56 and from the Texas High Plains and elsewhere in other states. We assume that the development of regionally based and growth-stage-specific K-C helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for this region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ko, Jonghan] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Piccinni, Giovanni] Monsanto Co, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA. [Marek, Thomas] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Howell, Terry] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Piccinni, Giovanni; Ko, Jonghan] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. RP Ko, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Suite 200, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Jonghan.Ko@ars.usda.gov FU Texas Water Development Board [0603580596]; Rio Grande Basin Initiative [2005-34461-15661] FX This study is a partial outcome of the Precision Irrigators Network (PIN) project, funded by Texas Water Development Board (TWDB: Project no. 0603580596), and Rio Grande Basin Initiative (RGBI: grant no. 2005-34461-15661). The authors would like to express their appreciation to Texas Water Resources Institute (TWRI) for administrative project assistance. We also thank Dr. Clothier and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 96 IS 12 BP 1698 EP 1704 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.06.024 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 513TG UT WOS:000271345800003 ER PT J AU Bavin, TK Griffis, TJ Baker, JM Venterea, RT AF Bavin, T. K. Griffis, T. J. Baker, J. M. Venterea, R. T. TI Impact of reduced tillage and cover cropping on the greenhouse gas budget of a maize/soybean rotation ecosystem SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Reduced tillage; Cover cropping; Ecosystem respiration; Soil respiration; Nitrous oxide fluxes; Methane fluxes ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NORTH CENTRAL REGION; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; QUALITY ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-CARBON; UNITED-STATES; LONG-TERM; RESPIRATION AB Agricultural ecosystems have been viewed with the potential to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) by increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) through reduced tillage and cover cropping practices. There remains considerable uncertainty, however, regarding the carbon (C) sink/source potential of these systems and few studies have examined C dynamics in conjunction with other important greenhouse gases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an alternative management scenario (reduced tillage and cover cropping) on ecosystem respiration (RE) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and methane (CH(4)) fluxes in a maize (Zea mays L.)/soybean (Glycine max L) rotation ecosystem in east-central Minnesota, United States. The control treatment was managed using fall tillage with a chisel plow in combination with a tandem disk, and the experimental treatment was managed using strip tillage and a winter rye (Secal cereale) cover crop. Over the two-year study period (2004-2005), cumulative RE was 222.7 g C m(-2) higher in the alternatively managed treatment as a result of increased decomposition of the cover crop residue. N(2)O fluxes were similar in both treatments during the 2004 growing season and were 100.1 mg N m(-2) higher in the conventional treatment during the 2005 growing season after nitrogen (N) fertilization. N fertilization and fertilizer type were the dominant factors controlling N(2)O fluxes in both treatments. CH(4) fluxes were negligible in both treatments and often below the detection limit. Cumulative growing season N(2)O losses in the control and experimental treatments, which totalled 38.9 +/- 3.1 and 26.1 +/- 1.7 g C m(-2) when converted to CO(2) equivalents, were comparable to the annual estimates of net ecosystem CO(2) exchange in both treatments. This study further supports that N(2)O losses are an important component of the total greenhouse gas budget of agroecosystems. It also suggests that spring cover cropping, without residue removal, has limited C sequestration potential. The results from this study, however, may not necessarily represent equilibrium conditions in the experimental treatment. Rather, they are a measure of the transient response of the system after tillage conversion and cover crop addition. It is expected that the soil microbes will continue to adjust to the reduction in tillage and increased C inputs. Therefore, continued, long-term monitoring is needed to confirm whether the results are representative of equilibrium conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bavin, T. K.; Baker, J. M.; Venterea, R. T.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bavin, TK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Soil Sci Room 331, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM bavi0001@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG0203ER63684] FX We gratefully thank Jeremy Smith, Matt Erickson, and Bill Breiter for their help with data collection and analysis. This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG0203ER63684. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 7 U2 72 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 234 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.07.005 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 510HR UT WOS:000271079300011 ER PT J AU Ahearn, MC Kilkenny, M Low, SA AF Ahearn, Mary Clare Kilkenny, Maureen Low, Sarah A. TI Trends and Volatility in School Finance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Allied-Social-Science-Associations CY JAN 03-05, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Allied Social Sci Assoc C1 [Ahearn, Mary Clare; Low, Sarah A.] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Kilkenny, Maureen] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Low, Sarah A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ahearn, MC (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1208 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01284.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 522BN UT WOS:000271972800006 ER PT J AU Cline, S Seidl, A AF Cline, Sarah Seidl, Andrew TI Surf and Turf: Tourists' Values for Multifunctional Working Landscapes and Water Quality in Colorado SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Agricultural-and-Applied-Economics-Association CY AUG, 2009 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Agr & Appl Econ Assoc ID CONTINGENT BEHAVIOR C1 [Cline, Sarah] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Seidl, Andrew] Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cline, S (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1360 EP 1367 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01348.x PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 522BN UT WOS:000271972800033 ER PT J AU Berck, P Leibtag, E Solis, A Villas-Boas, S AF Berck, Peter Leibtag, Ephraim Solis, Alex Villas-Boas, Sofia TI Patterns of Pass-through of Commodity Price Shocks to Retail Prices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Agricultural-and-Applied-Economics-Association CY AUG, 2009 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Agr & Appl Econ Assoc ID CONSUMER INVENTORY; FOOD-INDUSTRY; PANEL-DATA; SALES; TESTS; WHOLESALE; BEHAVIOR C1 [Berck, Peter; Solis, Alex; Villas-Boas, Sofia] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leibtag, Ephraim] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RI nipe, cef/A-4218-2010; OI Solis, Alex/0000-0001-6311-9963 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1456 EP 1461 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01364.x PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 522BN UT WOS:000271972800049 ER PT J AU Leibtag, E AF Leibtag, Ephraim TI How Much and How Quick ? Pass through of Commodity and Input Cost Changes to Retail Food Prices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Agricultural-and-Applied-Economics-Association CY AUG, 2009 CL Milwaukee, WI SP Agr & Appl Econ Assoc C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Leibtag, E (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Food Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1462 EP 1467 DI 10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01365.x PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 522BN UT WOS:000271972800050 ER PT J AU Garaulet, M Lee, YC Shen, J Parnell, LD Arnett, DK Tsai, MY Lai, CQ Ordovas, JM AF Garaulet, Marta Lee, Yu-Chi Shen, Jian Parnell, Laurence D. Arnett, Donna K. Tsai, Michael Y. Lai, Chao-Qiang Ordovas, Jose M. TI CLOCK genetic variation and metabolic syndrome risk: modulation by monounsaturated fatty acids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MEDITERRANEAN AREA; OBESE POPULATION; LIPID PROFILE; SLEEP; RHYTHM; HEART; POLYMORPHISM AB Background: Disruption of the circadian system may be causal for manifestations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective: The objective was to study the associations of 5 CLOCK polymorphisms with MetS features by analyzing fatty acid (FA) composition from dietary and red blood cell (RBC) membrane sources. Design: Participants (n = 1100) in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study were included. Dietary intake was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements and genotypes were determined. Postprandial lipids and the FA composition of RBC membranes were analyzed. Results: CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with obesity and individual components of MetS. For single nucleotide polymorphism rs4580704, minor allele carriers had a 46% lower risk of hypertension than did noncarriers. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of RBC membranes, particularly oleic acid, changed according to CLOCK genetic variants (P < 0.05). We identified significant gene-diet interactions associated with MetS at the CLOCK locus. By dichotomizing MUFA intake, we found different effects across rs4580704 genotypes for glucose (P = 0.020) and insulin resistance (P = 0.026). The protective effect of the minor allele on insulin sensitivity was only present when MUFA intake was >13.2% of energy. We also found different effects across CLOCK 3111T -> C genotypes for saturated fatty acid intake (% of energy) (P = 0.017). The deleterious effect of gene variants on waist circumference was only found with high saturated fatty acid intakes (>11.8%). Conclusions: CLOCK polymorphisms interact with FAs to modulate MetS traits. The dietary source and membrane content of MUFAs are implicated in the relations between alterations in the circadian system and MetS. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1466-75. C1 [Garaulet, Marta] Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. [Garaulet, Marta; Lee, Yu-Chi; Shen, Jian; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Arnett, Donna K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL USA. [Tsai, Michael Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Expt & Clin Pharmacol, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Garaulet, M (reprint author), Univ Murcia, Dept Physiol, Fac Biol, Campus Espinardo S-N, E-30100 Murcia, Spain. EM garaulet@um.es OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Government of Murcia [02934/PI/05]; Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia [BIO/FFA 07/01-0004]; Spanish Government of Science and Innovation [AGL2008-01655/ALI]; NIH [1R21AR055228-01A1, U01 HL72524, HL54776, DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX Supported by the Seneca Foundation from the Government of Murcia (project 02934/PI/05 to MG); the Government of Education, Science and Research of Murcia (project BIO/FFA 07/01-0004 to MG); The Spanish Government of Science and Innovation (projects AGL2008-01655/ALI to MG); and NIH (1R21AR055228-01A1, U01 HL72524, HL54776, and DK075030) and the US Department of Agriculture Research Service (53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001) to JMO and DKA. NR 61 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1466 EP 1475 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27536 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 522XZ UT WOS:000272034900005 PM 19846548 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Garrod, MG Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R AF Miller, Joshua W. Garrod, Marjorie G. Allen, Lindsay H. Haan, Mary N. Green, Ralph TI Metabolic evidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency, including high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and low holotranscobalamin, is more pronounced in older adults with elevated plasma folate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SACRAMENTO AREA LATINO; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; HOLO-TRANSCOBALAMIN; ELDERLY LATINOS; SERUM FOLATE; FORTIFICATION; CANCER AB Background: An analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicated that in older adults exposed to folic acid fortification, the combination of low serum vitamin B-12 and elevated folate is associated with higher concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and higher odds ratios for cognitive impairment and anemia than the combination of low vitamin B-12 and nonelevated folate. These findings await confirmation in other populations. Objective: The purpose was to compare metabolic indicators of vitamin B-12 status, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms among elderly Latinos with elevated and nonelevated plasma folate. Design: Cross-sectional data were analyzed for 1535 subjects (age: >= 60 y) from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. Subjects were divided into 4 groups on the basis of plasma vitamin B-12 (< or >= 148 pmol/L) and folate (<= or >45.3 nmol/L). Homocysteine, methylmalonic acid, holotranscobalamin, ratio of holotranscobalamin to vitamin B-12, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, delayed recall, and depressive symptom scores were compared between the groups. Results: Individuals with low vitamin B-12 and elevated folate (n = 22) had the highest concentrations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and the lowest concentration of holotranscobalamin and ratio of holotranscobalamin to vitamin B-12 when compared with all other groups (P <= 0.003). No differences in Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, delayed recall, and depressive symptom scores were observed between the low vitamin B-12 and elevated-folate group compared with other groups. Conclusions: Low vitamin B-12 is associated with more pronounced metabolic evidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency when folate is elevated than when folate is not elevated. These data should be considered when assessing the potential costs, risks, and benefits of folic acid and vitamin B-12 fortification programs. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1586-92. C1 [Green, Ralph] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Garrod, Marjorie G.; Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Allen, Lindsay H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Haan, Mary N.] Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Green, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Med Ctr, PATH Bldg,4400 V St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM ralph.green@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu FU NIH [AG12975, AG10129, AG10220]; USDA [00-35200-9073] FX Supported by NIH grants AG12975, AG10129, and AG10220 and USDA grant 00-35200-9073. NR 40 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1586 EP 1592 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27514 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 522XZ UT WOS:000272034900020 PM 19726595 ER PT J AU Rumawas, ME Meigs, JB Dwyer, JT McKeown, NM Jacques, PF AF Rumawas, Marcella E. Meigs, James B. Dwyer, Johanna T. McKeown, Nicola M. Jacques, Paul F. TI Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, reduced risk of metabolic syndrome traits, and incidence in the Framingham Offspring Cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ENERGY-INTAKE; HEALTH; REPRODUCIBILITY; HOMEOSTASIS; PREVALENCE; MANAGEMENT AB Background: The benefit of the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in mitigating metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease has not been well investigated among nondiabetic Americans. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the prospective association between the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome. Design: The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score (MSDPS) was used to characterize a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. We examined the longitudinal association between MSDPS and metabolic syndrome traits (including homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting glucose, waist circumference, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) among 2730 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort without type 2 diabetes (baseline median age: 54 y; 55% women), who were followed from the fifth (baseline) to the seventh study examinations (mean follow-up time: 7 y), and metabolic syndrome incidence (according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition) in 1918 participants free of the condition at baseline. Results: A higher MSDPS was associated with lower homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (P = 0.02), waist circumference (P < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.03), and triglycerides (P < 0.001) and higher HDL cholesterol (P = 0.02) after adjustment for the corresponding baseline values and for several confounding factors associated with type 2 diabetes risk. Participants in the highest quintile category of the MSDPS had a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome than those in the lowest quintile category (38.5% compared with 30.1%; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the consumption of a diet consistent with the principles of the Mediterranean-style diet may protect against metabolic syndrome in Americans. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1608-14. C1 [Rumawas, Marcella E.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; McKeown, Nicola M.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr Epidemiol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Rumawas, Marcella E.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; McKeown, Nicola M.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Med Ctr Hosp, Boston, MA USA. [Dwyer, Johanna T.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Meigs, James B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Meigs, James B.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Div Gen Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Jacques, PF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr Epidemiol Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.jacques@tufts.edu OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 FU USDA [58-1950-7-707]; Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH [NO1-HC-25195]; Helen Smith Brownstein Memorial Scholarship; American Diabetes Association's Career Development Award; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [K24 DK080140]; General Mills Bell Institute of Health FX Supported by the USDA (agreement 58-1950-7-707) and the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH (contract NO1-HC-25195). MER was a recipient of the Helen Smith Brownstein Memorial Scholarship. JBM was supported in part by the American Diabetes Association's Career Development Award and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant K24 DK080140. NMM was supported in part by the General Mills Bell Institute of Health. NR 30 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1608 EP 1614 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27908 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 522XZ UT WOS:000272034900023 PM 19828705 ER PT J AU Wu, K Platz, EA Willett, WC Fuchs, CS Selhub, J Rosner, BA Hunter, DJ Giovannucci, E AF Wu, Kana Platz, Elizabeth A. Willett, Walter C. Fuchs, Charles S. Selhub, Jacob Rosner, Bernard A. Hunter, David J. Giovannucci, Edward TI A randomized trial on folic acid supplementation and risk of recurrent colorectal adenoma SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOLATE; PREVENTION; CANCER; SAFETY AB Background: Evidence from observational studies suggests that inadequate folate status enhances colorectal carcinogenesis, but results from some randomized trials do not support this hypothesis. Objective: To assess the effect of folic acid supplementation on recurrent colorectal adenoma, we conducted a cost-efficient, double-blind, randomized trial among participants of 2 large prospective cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and the Nurses' Health Study. Design: Participants were randomly assigned to receive folic acid (1 mg/d) (n = 338) or placebo (n = 334) for 3-6.5 y. The primary endpoint was any new diagnosis of adenoma during the study period (May 1996-March 2004). Secondary outcomes were adenoma by site and stage and number of recurrent adenomas. Associations were also examined by plasma folate concentrations at baseline. Results: Incidence of at least one recurrent adenoma was not significantly associated with folic acid supplementation [relative risk (RR): 0.82; 95% CI: 0.59,1.13; P = 0.22]. Among participants with low plasma folate concentrations at baseline (<= 7.5 ng/mL), those randomly assigned to receive folic acid experienced a significant decrease in adenoma recurrence (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.90; P = 0.01), whereas for subjects with high folate concentrations at baseline (>7.5 ng/mL), supplemental folic acid had no significant effect (RR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.99; P = 0.27, P(interaction) = 0.01). Contrary to findings from another clinical trial, there was no evidence for an increased risk of advanced or multiple adenomas. Conclusions: Our results do not support an overall protective effect of folic acid supplementation on adenoma recurrence. Folic acid supplementation may be beneficial among those with lower folate concentrations at baseline. This trial was registered at clinical trials. gov as NCT00512850. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1623-31. C1 [Wu, Kana; Willett, Walter C.; Hunter, David J.; Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Willett, Walter C.; Hunter, David J.; Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Rosner, Bernard A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Platz, Elizabeth A.] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. [Willett, Walter C.; Fuchs, Charles S.; Rosner, Bernard A.; Hunter, David J.; Giovannucci, Edward] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Fuchs, Charles S.] Dana Farber Canc Inst, Div Med Oncol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Wu, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 2, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kana.wu@channing.harvard.edu FU National Cancer Institute [CA 55075, CA 95589]; NIH [U54 100971, R01 CA 67883] FX Supported by the National Cancer Institute grants CA 55075 and CA 95589 and NIH grants U54 100971 and R01 CA 67883. Folic acid and placebo pills were provided by the pharmaceutical company Lederle (now Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA). NR 17 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1623 EP 1631 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28319 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 522XZ UT WOS:000272034900025 PM 19864409 ER PT J AU Phillips, CM Goumidi, L Bertrais, S Ferguson, JF Field, MR Kelly, ED Peloso, GM Cupples, LA Shen, J Ordovas, JM McManus, R Hercberg, S Portugal, H Lairon, D Planells, R Roche, HM AF Phillips, Catherine M. Goumidi, Louisa Bertrais, Sandrine Ferguson, Jane F. Field, Martyn R. Kelly, Enda D. Peloso, Gina M. Cupples, L. Adrienne Shen, Jian Ordovas, Jose M. McManus, Ross Hercberg, Serge Portugal, Henri Lairon, Denis Planells, Richard Roche, Helen M. TI Complement component 3 polymorphisms interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate risk of metabolic syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ACYLATION STIMULATING PROTEIN; DIETARY-FAT; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; SERUM-LIPIDS; FISH-OIL; PLASMA; WOMEN; MEN AB Background: Complement component 3 (C3) is a novel determinant of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gene-nutrient interactions with dietary fat may affect MetS risk. Objectives: The objectives were to determine the relation between C3 polymorphisms and MetS and whether interaction with plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a biomarker of dietary PUFA, modulate this relation. Design: C3 polymorphisms (rs11569562, rs2250656, rs1047286, rs2230199, rs8107911, rs344548, rs344550, rs2241393, rs7257062, rs163913, and rs2230204), biochemical measurements, and plasma fatty acids were measured in the LIPGENE SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study in MetS cases and matched controls (n = 1754). Results: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with MetS. rs11569562 GG homozygotes had decreased MetS risk compared with minor A allele carriers [odds ratio (OR): 0.53; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.82; P = 0.009], which was augmented by high plasma PUFA status (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.93; P = 0.04). GG homozygotes had lower C3 concentrations than those in AA homozygotes (P = 0.03) and decreased risk of hypertriglyceridemia compared with A allele carriers (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.92; P = 0.02), which was further ameliorated by an increase in long-chain n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.97; P = 0.04) or a decrease in n-6 PUFAs (OR: 0.32; CI: 0.16, 0.62; P = 0.002). rs2250656 AA homozygotes had increased MetS risk relative to minor G allele carriers (OR: 1.78; CI: 1.19, 2.70; P = 0.02), which was exacerbated by low n-6 PUFA status (OR: 2.20; CI: 1.09, 4.55; P = 0.03). Conclusion: Plasma PUFAs may modulate the susceptibility to MetS that is conferred by C3 polymorphisms, which suggests novel gene-nutrient interactions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272428. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1665-73. C1 [Phillips, Catherine M.; Ferguson, Jane F.; Roche, Helen M.] Univ Coll Dublin, Conway Inst, Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Nutrigenom Res Grp, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Goumidi, Louisa; Portugal, Henri; Lairon, Denis; Planells, Richard] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, INRA 1260, INSERM 476, Marseille, France. [Bertrais, Sandrine; Hercberg, Serge] Univ Paris 13, INRA CNAM, INSERM, U557, Bobigny, France. [Field, Martyn R.; Kelly, Enda D.] Hitachi Dublin Lab, Dublin, Ireland. [Peloso, Gina M.; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. [Shen, Jian; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [McManus, Ross] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Inst Mol Med, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Roche, HM (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Conway Inst, Sch Publ Hlth & Populat Sci, Nutrigenom Res Grp, Dublin 4, Ireland. EM helen.roche@ucd.ie RI Ferguson, Jane/C-7154-2011; Phillips, Catherine/E-4412-2013; OI Ferguson, Jane/0000-0001-6896-1025; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965; McManus, Ross/0000-0002-0529-9617 FU European Commission [FOOD-CT-2003-505944] FX Supported by the European Commission, Framework Programme 6 (LIPGENE) (contract no. FOOD-CT-2003-505944). NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1665 EP 1673 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28101 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 522XZ UT WOS:000272034900030 PM 19828715 ER PT J AU Thymann, T Moller, HK Stoll, B Stoy, ACF Buddington, RK Bering, SB Jensen, BB Olutoye, OO Siggers, RH Molbak, L Sangild, PT Burrin, DG AF Thymann, Thomas Moller, Hanne K. Stoll, Barbara Stoy, Ann Cathrine F. Buddington, Randal K. Bering, Stine B. Jensen, Bent B. Olutoye, Oluyinka O. Siggers, Richard H. Molbak, Lars Sangild, Per T. Burrin, Douglas G. TI Carbohydrate maldigestion induces necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactose; maltodextrin; premature; enteral nutrition ID PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; LACTOSE DIGESTION; COLONIC FERMENTATION; EXPERIMENTAL-MODEL; PREMATURE-INFANT; SMALL-INTESTINE; MUCOSAL INJURY; NEONATAL PIGS; IN-VIVO; ABSORPTION AB Thymann T, Moller HK, Stoll B, Stoy AC, Buddington RK, Bering SB, Jensen BB, Olutoye OO, Siggers RH, Molbak L, Sangild PT, Burrin DG. Carbohydrate maldigestion induces necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 297: G1115-G1125, 2009. First published October 1, 2009; doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2009.-Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the most severe gastrointestinal disorder in preterm infants. It is associated with the initiation of enteral nutrition and may be related to immature carbohydrate digestive capacity. We tested the hypothesis that a formula containing maltodextrin vs. a formula containing lactose as the principal source of carbohydrate would predispose preterm pigs to a higher NEC incidence. Cesarean-derived preterm pigs were given total parenteral nutrition for 48 h followed by total enteral nutrition with a lactose-based (n = 11) or maltodextrin-based (n = 11) formula for 36 h. A higher incidence (91% vs. 27%) and severity (score of 3.3 vs. 1.8) of NEC were observed in the maltodextrin than in the lactose group. This higher incidence of NEC in the maltodextrin group was associated with significantly lower activities of lactase, maltase, and aminopeptidase; reduced villus height; transiently reduced in vivo aldohexose uptake; and reduced ex vivo aldohexose uptake capacity in the middle region of the small intestine. Bacterial diversity was low for both diets, but alterations in bacterial composition and luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were observed in the maltodextrin group. In a second study, we quantified net portal absorption of aldohexoses (glucose and galactose) during acute jejunal infusion of a maltodextrin-or a lactose-based formula (n = 8) into preterm pigs. We found lower net portal aldohexose absorption (4% vs. 42%) and greater intestinal recovery of undigested carbohydrate (68% vs. 27%) in pigs acutely perfused with the maltodextrin-based formula than those perfused with the lactose-based formula. The higher digestibility of the lactose than the maltodextrin in the formulas can be attributed to a 5- to 20-fold higher hydrolytic activity of tissue-specific lactase than maltases. We conclude that carbohydrate maldigestion is sufficient to increase the incidence and severity of NEC in preterm pigs. C1 [Burrin, Douglas G.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Olutoye, Oluyinka O.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Div Pediat Surg, Michael E DeBakey Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Buddington, Randal K.] Univ Memphis, Dept Hlth & Sport Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Thymann, Thomas; Moller, Hanne K.; Bering, Stine B.; Siggers, Richard H.; Sangild, Per T.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Human Nutr, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Moller, Hanne K.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Syst Biol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Stoy, Ann Cathrine F.; Molbak, Lars] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Vet Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Jensen, Bent B.] Univ Aarhus, Fac Agr Sci, Tjele, Denmark. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu OI Sangild, Per Torp/0000-0002-5462-7760 FU US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine; Texas Children's Hospital; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001]; Danish Research Councils (F SU Committee); Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center [P30 DK-56338] FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital. This work was supported by federal funds from the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6-001, the Danish Research Councils (F SU Committee), and the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant P30 DK-56338). NR 52 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 297 IS 6 BP G1115 EP G1125 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00261.2009 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 524OF UT WOS:000272151900009 PM 19808655 ER PT J AU Oesterle, PT Nemeth, NM VanDalen, K Sullivan, H Bentler, KT Young, GR McLean, RG Clark, L Smeraski, C Hall, JS AF Oesterle, Paul T. Nemeth, Nicole M. VanDalen, Kaci Sullivan, Heather Bentler, Kevin T. Young, Ginger R. McLean, Robert G. Clark, Larry Smeraski, Cynthia Hall, Jeffrey S. TI Experimental Infection of Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) with Varying Doses of West Nile Virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DIPTERA-CULICIDAE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; NORTH-AMERICA; BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; COLORADO; HEMISPHERE AB Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) were inoculated with differing doses of West Nile virus (WNV) to evaluate their potential role as reservoir hosts in nature. Swallows often nest in large colonies in habitats and months associated with high mosquito abundance and early WNV transmission in North America. Additionally, cliff swallow diet consists of insects, including mosquitoes, leading to an additional potential route of WNV infection. The average peak viremia titer among infected cliff swallows was 106.3, plaque-forming units (PFU)/mL serum and the reservoir competence index was 0.34. There was no correlation between dose and probability of becoming infected or viremia peak and duration. Oral shedding was detected from 2 to 14 days post-inoculation with an average peak titer of 10(4.4) PFU/swab. These results suggest that cliff swallows are competent reservoir hosts of WNV and therefore, they may play a role in early seasonal amplification and maintenance of WNV. C1 [Oesterle, Paul T.; Nemeth, Nicole M.; VanDalen, Kaci; Sullivan, Heather; Bentler, Kevin T.; Young, Ginger R.; McLean, Robert G.; Clark, Larry] Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Nemeth, Nicole M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Smeraski, Cynthia] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hall, Jeffrey S.] USGS, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Oesterle, PT (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Paul.T.Oesterle@aphis.usda.gov; Nicole.M.Nemeth@aphis.usda.gov; Kaci.Vandalen@aphis.usda.gov; Heather.Sullivan@aphis.usda.gov; Kevin.T.Bentler@aphis.usda.gov; gpj2@cdc.gov; Robert.G.McLean@aphis.usda.gov; Larry.Clark@aphis.usda.gov; Cynthia.Smeraski@colostate.edu; jshall@usgs.gov OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [07-7488-0587]; National Institutes of Health [1 RO1CI000219-01]; Colorado State University Infectious Disease Initiative (Office of Vice President for Research and Information Technology) FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (grant number 07-7488-0587) by the National Institutes of Health [grant number 1 RO1CI000219-01 (LC)] and by Colorado State University Infectious Disease Initiative (Office of Vice President for Research and Information Technology). NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 81 IS 6 BP 1159 EP 1164 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.09-0136 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 531YN UT WOS:000272709600036 PM 19996452 ER PT J AU Norman, KN Harvey, RB Scott, HM Hume, ME Andrews, K Brawley, AD AF Norman, K. N. Harvey, R. B. Scott, H. M. Hume, M. E. Andrews, K. Brawley, A. D. TI Varied prevalence of Clostridium difficile in an integrated swine operation SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Congress of the Anaerobe-Society-of-the-Americas CY JUN 24-27, 2008 CL Long Beach, CA SP Anaerobe Soc Amer DE Clostridium difficile; Piglets; Prevalence; Antimicrobial resistance; Toxin ID PCR RIBOTYPES; CALVES; IDENTIFICATION; CANADA AB The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of Clostridium difficile (Cd) among different age and production groups of swine in a vertically integrated swine operation in Texas in 2006 and to compare our isolates to other animal and human isolates. Results are based on 131 Cd isolates from 1008 swine fecal samples and pork trim samples (overall prevalence of 13%). The prevalence (number positive/number tested in production type) of Cd was different between the groups (P <= 0.001), and was highest among suckling piglets at 50.0% (61/122), followed by 23.8% (34/143) for lactating sows and effluent from the farrowing barn, 8.4% (10/119) for nursery, 6.5% (4/62) for pork products, 3.9% (15/382) for grower-finisher, and 3.9% (7/180) for breeding boars and sows. Of the 131 isolates, 122 were positive by PCR for both toxins A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) genes, 129 isolates harbored a 39 base pair deletion in the tcdC gene, 120 isolates were toxinotype V, and all 131 of the isolates were positive for the binary toxin gene cdtB. All isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, whereas all were sensitive to metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and vancomycin. The majority of isolates were resistant to clindamycin; resistant or intermediate to ampicillin; and sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. There was an increased (P <= 0.001) number of isolates for the timeframe of September to February compared to March to August. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Harvey, R. B.; Hume, M. E.; Andrews, K.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Norman, K. N.; Scott, H. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Brawley, A. D.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Mol & Cellular Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Harvey, RB (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM KNorman@cvm.tamu.edu; Roger.Harvey@ars.usda.gov; HMScott@cvm.tamu.edu; Michael.Hume@ars.usda.gov; Kate.Andrews@ars.usda.gov; brawley7@neo.tamu.edu NR 23 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD DEC PY 2009 VL 15 IS 6 SI SI BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.09.006 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 547XH UT WOS:000273922700010 PM 19778624 ER PT J AU Steibel, JP Wysocki, M Lunney, JK Ramos, AM Hu, ZL Rothschild, MF Ernst, CW AF Steibel, J. P. Wysocki, M. Lunney, J. K. Ramos, A. M. Hu, Z. -L. Rothschild, M. F. Ernst, C. W. TI Assessment of the swine protein-annotated oligonucleotide microarray SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE amplified antisense RNA; long oligo array; pig; quantitative PCR ID EST DATA EXPLORER; BINDING-PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNAS; LIVER; TISSUES; CLONING; PIG; IDENTIFICATION; VALIDATION AB P>The specificity and utility of the swine protein-annotated oligonucleotide microarray, or Pigoligoarray (http://www.pigoligoarray.org), has been evaluated by profiling the expression of transcripts from four porcine tissues. Tools for comparative analyses of expression on the Pigoligoarray were developed including HGNC identities and comparative mapping alignments with human orthologs. Hybridization results based on the Pigoligoarray's sets of control, perfect match (PM) and deliberate mismatch (MM) probes provide an important means of assessing non-specific hybridization. Simple descriptive diagnostic analyses of PM/MM probe sets are introduced in this paper as useful tools for detecting non-specific hybridization. Samples of RNA from liver, brain stem, longissimus dorsi muscle and uterine endothelium from four pigs were prepared and hybridized to the arrays. Of the total 20 400 oligonucleotides on the Pigoligoarray, 12 429 transcripts were putatively differentially expressed (DE). Analyses for tissue-specific expression [over-expressed in one tissue with respect to all the remaining three tissues (q < 0.01)] identified 958 DE transcripts in liver, 726 in muscle, 286 in uterine endothelium and 1027 in brain stem. These hybridization results were confirmed by quantitative PCR (QPCR) expression patterns for a subset of genes after affirming that cDNA and amplified antisense RNA (aRNA) exhibited similar QPCR results. Comparison to human ortholog expression confirmed the value of this array for experiments of both agricultural importance and for tests using pigs as a biomedical model for human disease. C1 [Steibel, J. P.; Ramos, A. M.; Ernst, C. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Steibel, J. P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wysocki, M.; Lunney, J. K.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, ANRI, BARC,USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hu, Z. -L.; Rothschild, M. F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Integrated Anim Gen, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Steibel, JP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM steibelj@msu.edu FU National Research Initiative [2004-35604-14580]; USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service Animal Genome Program FX We acknowledge Dr. Scott Fahrenkrug and Dr. Christine Elsik for their roles in development of the Swine Protein-Annotated Oligonucleotide Microarray. We also thank Nancy Raney, Valencia Rilington and the Center for Animal Functional Genomics at MSU, and Daniel Kuhar and Samuel Abrams at USDA ARS BARC for technical assistance and Dr. Ron Bates for assistance in obtaining pigs for this study. Funding provided by the USDA CSREES NRSP8 programme and the Swine Genome Coordinator and funds provided by the State of Iowa and Hatch funds are appreciated. This project was partially supported by National Research Initiative Grant Number 2004-35604-14580 from the USDA Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service Animal Genome Program. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 6 BP 883 EP 893 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01928.x PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 516CQ UT WOS:000271519700010 PM 19515086 ER PT J AU Marquez, GC Enns, RM Grosz, MD Alexander, LJ MacNeil, MD AF Marquez, G. C. Enns, R. M. Grosz, M. D. Alexander, L. J. MacNeil, M. D. TI Quantitative trait loci with effects on feed efficiency traits in Hereford x composite double backcross populations SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE feed conversion; quantitative trait loci; residual feed intake ID BEEF-CATTLE; CARCASS TRAITS; GROWTH; GENOME; INTERVAL; SCANS; MAP AB P>Two half-sib families of backcross progeny were produced by mating F(1) Line 1 Hereford (L1) x composite gene combination (CGC) bulls with L1 and CGC cows. Feed intake and periodic weights were measured for 218 backcross progeny. These progenies were genotyped using 232 microsatellite markers that spanned the 29 BTA. Progeny from L1 and CGC females was analysed separately using composite interval mapping to find quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting daily dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). Results from both backcrosses were pooled to find additional QTL. In the backcross to L1, QTL were detected for RFI and DMI on BTA11, FCR on BTA16, and ADG on BTA9. In the backcross to CGC, QTL were detected for RFI on BTA10, FCR on BTA12 and 16 and ADG on BTA15 and 17. After pooling, QTL were detected for RFI on BTA 2, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13 and 16; for FCR on BTA 9, 12, 16, 17 and 21; for ADG on BTA 9, 14, 15, 17; and for DMI on BTA 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 20 and 23. C1 [Alexander, L. J.; MacNeil, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Marquez, G. C.; Enns, R. M.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Grosz, M. D.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63198 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike.macneil@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 6 BP 986 EP 988 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01946.x PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 516CQ UT WOS:000271519700027 PM 19744142 ER PT J AU Kongchum, P Rexroad, CE Hallerman, EM David, L Palti, Y AF Kongchum, P. Rexroad, C. E., III Hallerman, E. M. David, L. Palti, Y. TI Single nucleotide polymorphism identification, genetic mapping and tissue expression of the rainbow trout TLR9 gene SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kongchum, P.; Rexroad, C. E., III; Palti, Y.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Kongchum, P.; Hallerman, E. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [David, L.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Anim Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov RI David, Lior/G-8754-2012 OI David, Lior/0000-0002-6555-0594 FU US-Israel BARD [IS-3997-07] FX The authors thank Renee Fincham, Roseanna Long, Kristy Shewbridge and Cecilia Castano for their technical support. This study was supported in part by the US-Israel BARD grant No IS-3997-07. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1001 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01924.x PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 516CQ UT WOS:000271519700031 PM 19515088 ER PT J AU Wolters, WR Barrows, FT Burr, GS Hardy, RW AF Wolters, William R. Barrows, Frederic T. Burr, Gary S. Hardy, Ronald W. TI Growth parameters of wild and selected strains of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, on two experimental diets SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Diets; Growth ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENETIC-IMPROVEMENT; QUALITY TRAITS; FEED-INTAKE; FISH-MEAL; PLANT; PROTEIN; GLUTEN; WEIGHT AB Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, part from Penobscot (wild) and St. John River (selected) strains were cultured in 0.265 m(3) tanks filled with 20-30 ppt salinity well water and connected to a common bio-filter system. Because state and federal regulations require the culture of North American salmon by producers in Maine and the fact that most salmon currently cultured in the northeastern US and Atlantic Canada are from the St. John strain, the St. John River strain was chosen for inclusion in this study and compared to a local wild strain from the Penobscot River. Salmon part were stocked at approximately 5 kg/m(3) (100 fish/tank) and fed one of two experimental diets in a 2 x 2 factorial design with 4 tanks for each treatment. Each strain was fed a diet formulated to represent either a traditional high protein (THP), lower energy salmon diet (46% protein, 18% fat) or a newer high energy diet (NHE) (40% protein, 32% fat). Fish were anesthetized, counted and weighed at approximately 2 week intervals during a 23 week trial. Significant effects of strain on initial weight, final weight, specific growth rate, % feed consumed per day, and thermal growth coefficient were found. St. John strain salmon weighed more at the end of the trial (117.2 +/- 2.5 g) than Penobscot River salmon (71.2 +/- 2.5 g). There was a significant diet effect on final weight, specific growth rate, and thermal growth unit coefficient. There was no effect of strain, diet or interaction of these effects on feed conversion ratio. Diet had a significant effect on final weight of St. John River salmon (NHE 99.0 +/- 2.0 and THP 89.4 +/- 2.0 g), and no effect on the final weight of Penobscot strain salmon. Strain and diet also had significant effects on lipid composition and protein efficiency, while diet had a significant effect on protein retention. Strain differences accounted for 85.9% of the difference in final weight compared to 14.2% due to diet. Results indicate that St. John River salmon, which are commercially cultured and are being used in selective breeding programs, have superior growth rate compared to wild Penobscot River salmon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wolters, William R.; Burr, Gary S.] USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. [Barrows, Frederic T.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Hardy, Ronald W.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. RP Wolters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Ctr, 25 Salmon Farm Rd, Franklin, ME 04634 USA. EM bill.wolters@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The authors wishes to thank Davin O'Connell, Melissa Albert, Ryan Hastey, and Sharon Baron for fish culture activities and data collection, Jason Frost for feed production, Beth Cleveland for manuscript review and John Phillips for assistance with data analyses. This research was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 297 IS 1-4 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.09.021 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 523ID UT WOS:000272065100020 ER PT J AU Gutsche, AR Heng-Moss, TM Higley, LG Sarath, G Mornhinweg, DW AF Gutsche, Andrea R. Heng-Moss, Tiffany M. Higley, Leon G. Sarath, Gautam Mornhinweg, Dolores W. TI Physiological responses of resistant and susceptible barley, Hordeum vulgare to the Russian wheat aphid, Diurpahis noxia (Mordvilko) SO ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Plant physiology; Plant resistance; Plant-insect interactions; Gas exchange; Chlorophyll content; Chlorophyll fluorescence ID GERMPLASM LINES RESISTANT; HOMOPTERA-APHIDIDAE; REGISTRATION; CHLOROPHYLL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GENOTYPES; INJURY; DAMAGE AB Knowledge of the physiological responses of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., to the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is critical to understanding the defense response of barley to aphid injury and identifying resistance mechanisms. This study documented the impact of D. noxia feeding on resistant ('Sidney') and susceptible ('Otis') barley through chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, chlorophyll content, and carbon assimilation (A-C(i)) curves recorded at 1, 3, 6, 10, and 13 days after aphid introduction. All chlorophyll fluorescence parameters evaluated were similar between aphid-infested and control plants for both cultivars. A-C(i) curves showed that D. noxia feeding negatively impacts the photosynthetic capacity in both cultivars, but this effect was greater in the susceptible plants. From the A-C(i) curves, it is apparent that compensation occurs in resistant barley by day 10, but by the conclusion of the experiment, aphid populations reached levels that overwhelmed the resistant barley seedlings. Differences observed in carbon assimilation curves between control and infested plants show that D. noxia feeding impacts the dark reaction, specifically rubisco activity and RuBP regeneration. It is likely that declines in the photochemical efficiency and chlorophyll content of the plants may be a secondary effect and not the primary trigger of declines in host plant function. C1 [Gutsche, Andrea R.; Heng-Moss, Tiffany M.; Higley, Leon G.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Mornhinweg, Dolores W.] USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Heng-Moss, TM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM thengmoss2@unl.edu RI Heng-Moss, Tiffany/F-8200-2013 FU University of Nebraska Agriculture Experiment Station [17-078, 17-080] FX We gratefully acknowledge Blair Siegfried for reviewing this manuscript. We also thank Gary Hein and Frank Peairs for plant material. This research was supported in part by the University of Nebraska Agriculture Experiment Station Projects 17-078 and 17-080. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1872-8855 J9 ARTHROPOD-PLANT INTE JI Arthropod-Plant Interact. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s11829-009-9067-6 PG 8 WC Ecology; Entomology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Entomology GA 512PF UT WOS:000271261500006 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Dutta, V Huff, WE Johnson, MG Nannapaneni, R Sayler, RJ AF Huff, G. R. Dutta, V. Huff, W. E. Johnson, M. G. Nannapaneni, R. Sayler, R. J. TI Co-infection of Market-Age Turkeys with Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in Two Stress Models SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkeys; Listeria monocytogenes; Escherichia coli; transport stress; dexamethasone; turkey osteomyelitis complex; cellulitis ID OSTEOMYELITIS COMPLEX; BROILER-CHICKENS; SALMONELLA; CAMPYLOBACTER; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; TRANSPORTATION; DEXAMETHASONE; POPULATIONS AB We have hypothesized that stress-induced subclinical infection of turkeys with Listeria monocytogenes may be an overlooked source of processing plant contamination, and we have shown that concurrent Escherichia coli challenge can increase L. monocytogenes colonization. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) immunosuppressive treatment and transport stress on the isolation of L. monocytogenes in an E. coli-L. monocytogenes challenge model. Thirteen-week-old male turkeys housed in floor pens were either nonchallenged (NCH) or challenged (CH) by environmental exposure to E. coli and L. monocytogenes Scott A, using both a coarse spray and feed inclusion. One group of both NCH and CH birds was not stressed (NCH-Con and CH-Con, respectively), a second group was treated with Dex during challenge (NCH-Dex and CH-Dex, respectively), and a third group was subjected to a 12-hour transport (Trans) stress protocol at 15 wk of age (NCH-Trans and CH-Trans, respectively). All birds were bled and necropsied the morning after transport. Dexamethasone treatment increased mortality and disease incidence. The CH-Con, CH-Trans, and CH-Dex birds, as well as the NCH-Dex birds, had lowered body weights compared to the NCH-Con. The relative liver and heart weights were increased, and the relative bursal weights were decreased by both NCH-Dex and CH-Dex treatments. The heterophil: lymphocyte ratio, a measure of the stress response, was increased by CH-Trans, NCH-Dex, and CH-Dex. Total erythrocyte counts and hematocrit were decreased by NCH-Trans, CH-Trans, NCH-Dex and CH-Dex. The challenge strain of E. coli was isolated from the organs of a significant number of CH-Dex birds using direct plating and occasionally from CH-Trans birds. Listeria monocytogenes was not isolated from significant numbers of birds using direct plating, but was isolated from the knee or hip synovial tissues of a significant percentage of CH-Dex birds using pre-enrichment cultural methods, and from CH-Trans and CH-Dex birds using real-time PCR detection. These data suggest that L. monocytogenes colonization of processing-age turkeys can be increased by stress, and the organism may be harbored within inapparent infections of turkey synovial tissue. C1 [Huff, G. R.; Huff, W. E.] Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Dutta, V.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Johnson, M. G.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Ctr Food Safety IFSE, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Nannapaneni, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci Nutr & Hlth Promot, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sayler, R. J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA, ARS, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 BP 495 EP 501 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 538QH UT WOS:000273198500005 PM 20095148 ER PT J AU Gaukler, SM Linz, GM Sherwood, JS Dyer, NW Bleier, WJ Wannemuehler, YM Nolan, LK Logue, CM AF Gaukler, Shannon M. Linz, George M. Sherwood, Julie S. Dyer, Neil W. Bleier, William J. Wannemuehler, Yvonne M. Nolan, Lisa K. Logue, Catherine M. TI Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in Wild European Starlings at a Kansas Cattle Feedlot SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE European starling; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Salmonella; Mycobacterium avium subsp.; paratuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium subsp avium; antimicrobial resistance; multiplex PCR; avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) ID CROHNS-DISEASE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; MIGRATING BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; VIRULENCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; STRAINS AB The prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from the feces of wild European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) humanely trapped at a feedlot in central Kansas was assessed. All E. coli and Salmonella isolates recovered were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System panels and the E. coli isolates were classified as to their content of genes associated with pathogenic E. coli of birds and cattle, including cvaC, iroN2, ompTp, hlyF2, eitC, iss, iutA, ireA, papC, stxI, stxII, sta, K99, F41, and eae. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were not detected and Salmonella was isolated from only three samples, two of which displayed antimicrobial resistance. Approximately half of the E. coli isolates were resistant to antimicrobial agents with 96% showing resistance to tetracycline. Only one isolate was positive for a single gene associated with bovine pathogenic E. coli. An interesting finding of this study was that 5% of the E. coli isolates tested met the criteria established for identification as avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Thus these findings suggest that starlings are not a significant source of Salmonella spp., Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, E. coli O157, or other shiga toxin-producing E. coli in this feedlot. However, they may have the potential to spread APEC, an important pathogen of poultry and a potential pathogen to human beings. C1 [Sherwood, Julie S.; Logue, Catherine M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Gaukler, Shannon M.; Bleier, William J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Linz, George M.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. [Dyer, Neil W.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost Serv, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Wannemuehler, Yvonne M.; Nolan, Lisa K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logue, CM (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM Catherine.Logue@ndsu.edu FU U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service [087438-002] FX This project was funded by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, cooperative agreement 087438-002; Kansas Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center; and the Department of Biological Sciences at North Dakota State University. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 BP 544 EP 551 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 538QH UT WOS:000273198500012 PM 20095155 ER PT J AU Morales, AC Hilt, DA Williams, SM Pantin-Jackwood, MJ Suarez, DL Spackman, E Stallknecht, DE Jackwood, MW AF Morales, Antonio C., Jr. Hilt, Deborah A. Williams, Susan M. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. Suarez, David L. Spackman, Erica Stallknecht, David E. Jackwood, Mark W. TI Biologic Characterization of H4, H6, and H9 Type Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses from Wild Birds in Chickens and Turkeys SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; biological characterization; low pathogenicity; wild birds ID A VIRUSES; HOST-RANGE; H5N1; NORTH; ADAPTATION; SHOREBIRDS; AMERICA; VACCINE; HEALTH; DUCKS AB The pathogenesis, virus shedding, and serologic response in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and commercial turkeys against H4, H6, and H9 type low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAI) from wild birds was examined. Four-week-old chickens and three-week-old turkeys were given 1 x 10(6) EID(50) of LPAI per bird, intrachoanally, and examined for clinical signs for 3 wk. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, and fecal samples, were collected at 2, 4, and 7 days postinoculation (PI) for virus detection by real-time RT-PCR. Serum was collected at 7, 14, and 21 days PI and examined for antibodies against avian influenza virus (AIV) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Tissue samples for histopathology were collected from three birds per group at 3 days PI. The hemagglutinin genes of the viruses were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. Clinical signs ranged from no clinical signs to moderate depression, decreased activity, and decreased food and water consumption. Based on virus detection results, SPF chickens were generally found to be shedding more virus from both the oropharynx and cloaca than were commercial turkeys. Microscopic lesion results in both species showed the predominance of lesions in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, which is consistent with the fact that these viruses are of low pathogenicity. In chickens and turkeys, oropharyngeal shedding strongly correlated with the lesions found in the upper respiratory tract. Turkeys had fewer lesions in the respiratory tract and more lesions in the gastrointestinal tract compared to chickens. Thirteen LPAI viruses caused seroconversion in commercial turkeys, whereas only 6 LPAI viruses caused seroconversion in SPF chickens. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA genes showed that the H4, H6, and H9 viruses evaluated here represented the full genetic diversity of North American AIVs of their respective subtypes. This data is important for surveillance and control because some of the LPAI viruses (of wild bird origin and examined in this study) that can infect and be shed by chickens and turkeys would be difficult to detect in commercial poultry. Specifically, detection is difficult because these viruses did not cause overt clinical disease or mortality, but only induced mild microscopic lesions and exhibited poor seroconversion. C1 [Morales, Antonio C., Jr.; Hilt, Deborah A.; Williams, Susan M.; Jackwood, Mark W.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Suarez, David L.; Spackman, Erica] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Stallknecht, David E.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jackwood, MW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, 953 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mjackwoo@uga.edu NR 32 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 BP 552 EP 562 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 538QH UT WOS:000273198500013 PM 20095156 ER PT J AU Strother, KO Zsak, L AF Strother, Keith O. Zsak, Laszlo TI Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Chicken Parvovirus-Specific Antibodies SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE parvovirus; ELISA; chicken; poultry; enteric disease ID TURKEY-ORIGIN REOVIRUSES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; POULT ENTERITIS COMPLEX; VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; STUNTING SYNDROME; BROILER-CHICKENS; GENOME SEQUENCE; ASTROVIRUS; INFECTIONS AB Here we report the development and application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect parvovirus-specific antibodies in chicken sera. We used an approach previously described for other parvoviruses to clone and express viral structural proteins in insect cells from recombinant baculovirus vectors. In baculovirus recombinant-infected Sf9 cells, the chicken parvovirus (ChPV) structural viral protein 2 (VP2) was detected as an abundant protein, and the 60-kDa VP2 strongly reacted with parvovirus-infected chicken serum in Western blot. A semipurified VP2 was then used in capture ELISA. Sera from chickens experimentally infected with ChPV and sera from uninfected chickens were tested to evaluate the assay. The ELISA was 93.3% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting ChPV-infected birds. Subsequent assays identified IgG type ChPV-specific maternally acquired antibodies in day-old chickens and demonstrated the production of virus-specific antibodies in young birds following infection with ChPV. In our study, a specific antibody response of infected chickens was observed starting with IgM production between 14 and 21 days postinfection (DPI) and switching into a predominant IgG response by 32 DPI. The availability of an ELISA for detection of virus-specific antibodies and its ability to differentiate between maternally acquired antibodies and antibodies produced following acute infection could prove to be a valuable tool to characterize pathobiological properties and immunogenicity of ChPV. C1 [Strother, Keith O.; Zsak, Laszlo] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Strother, KO (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM laszlo.zsak@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 53 IS 4 BP 585 EP 591 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 538QH UT WOS:000273198500018 PM 20095161 ER PT J AU Wei, JR Yang, ZQ Poland, TM Du, JW AF Wei, Jian-Rong Yang, Zhong-Qi Poland, Therese M. Du, Jia-Wei TI Parasitism and olfactory responses of Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) to different Cerambycid hosts SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Population differences; Anoplophora glabripennis; Monochamus alternatus; Massicus raddei; Wood borer; Tritrophic interactions ID ANOPLOPHORA-GLABRIPENNIS; INSECT PARASITOIDS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES; BEETLE PREDATOR; HYMENOPTERA; PLANTS; VOLATILES; SELECTION; TREES AB Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important natural enemy of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). It is distributed throughout most Provinces in China. We investigated whether there were differences among D. helophoroides populations collected from different hosts in different geographic locations. Results showed that different D. helophoroides populations displayed different olfactory responses to larval frass from different longhorned beetle species. All populations were significantly attracted to the frass of their original hosts. Parasitism rates of different populations also varied when supplied with host larvae of the same longhorned beetle species. These results indicate that the three D. helophoroides populations tested differed in host-related behaviors. Therefore, the population of D. helophoroides must be taken into consideration when implementing biological control programs for different species of longhorned beetle. C1 [Wei, Jian-Rong; Yang, Zhong-Qi] Chinese Acad Forestry, Key Lab Forest Protect, State Forestry Adm China, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Poland, Therese M.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Du, Jia-Wei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Shanghai 200032, Peoples R China. RP Wei, JR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Key Lab Forest Protect, State Forestry Adm China, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM weijr@caf.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [30371162] FX We gratefully acknowledge two anonymous referees for their very helpful comments on the manuscript. We would also like to thank Dr. beetle species'' (no. 30371162) funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). NR 45 TC 21 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2009 VL 54 IS 6 BP 733 EP 742 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9224-y PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515BV UT WOS:000271442200002 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Popham, HJR Ellersieck, MR AF Coudron, Thomas A. Popham, Holly J. R. Ellersieck, Mark R. TI Influence of diet on cold storage of the predator Perillus bioculatus (F.) SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Perillus bioculatus; Podisus maculiventris; Cold storage; Diet; Nutrient quality; Survival; Fecundity ID PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS SAY; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; SHORT-TERM STORAGE; LIFE-HISTORY; ARTIFICIAL DIET; COST-ANALYSIS; PENTATOMIDAE; HETEROPTERA; ADULTS; REPRODUCTION AB Cold storage of insects is a common practice used when transporting insects or to assist with efforts to increase the size of a colony. However, cold storage affects egg, nymphal and adult survival, fecundity, and egg viability. We evaluated the influence of nutrient source on the response of eggs, nymphs and adults of Perillus bioculatus when exposed to two temperatures most likely to be used for short and extended storage by comparing natural prey-fed insects to artificial diet-fed insects. The results of our study showed that the survival of eggs from either prey-fed or diet-fed insects declined at both 4 and 10A degrees C as the length of storage exceeded one week. The survival of nymphs exposed to cold storage treatment was slightly higher than for eggs, with a similar response to time of storage. Unique to the nymphal stage was the superior performance of diet-fed insects over prey-fed insects. However, of the three developmental stages tested, the best survival was obtained with adults. Our results show that both prey-fed and diet-fed adults were able to withstand cold storage at 10A degrees C for three weeks with very little loss of survival, fecundity or viability of eggs oviposited by those adults. Longer periods of storage resulted in a decline in survival, fecundity and egg viability and that decline was greatest at 4A degrees C. Outcross mating of cold stored adults with adults held at 26A degrees C indicated that adult females were more detrimentally affected by cold storage than males. There were differences in the response of P. bioculatus to cold storage compared to previously reported responses of P. maculiventris. However, the most notable difference is that P. maculiventris did better at almost all parameters than P. bioculatus. Collectively, these results demonstrate a nutrient influence on the response to cold storage at different developmental stages. C1 [Coudron, Thomas A.; Popham, Holly J. R.] USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn Statisticians, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. EM Tom.Coudron@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture FX We thank the following ARS employees: Maureen Wright for her contributions to the statistical analyses, Darrel Davis, James Smith and John Willenberg for their creative contributions to rearing and technical assistance in this project and Dr. David Stanley for his critique of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD DEC PY 2009 VL 54 IS 6 BP 773 EP 783 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9227-8 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 515BV UT WOS:000271442200006 ER PT J AU Sollins, P Kramer, MG Swanston, C Lajtha, K Filley, T Aufdenkampe, AK Wagai, R Bowden, RD AF Sollins, Phillip Kramer, Marc G. Swanston, Christopher Lajtha, Kate Filley, Timothy Aufdenkampe, Anthony K. Wagai, Rota Bowden, Richard D. TI Sequential density fractionation across soils of contrasting mineralogy: evidence for both microbial- and mineral-controlled soil organic matter stabilization SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE (15)N; (13)C; (14)C; Lignin phenol; Primary mineral; Protein ID FOREST SOILS; CARBON DYNAMICS; ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; TEMPERATE SOILS; TURNOVER TIME; PLANT-TISSUES; SURFACE-AREA AB Sequential density fractionation separated soil particles into "light" predominantly mineral-free organic matter vs. increasingly "heavy" organo-mineral particles in four soils of widely differing mineralogy. With increasing particle density C concentration decreased, implying that the soil organic matter (OM) accumulations were thinner. With thinner accumulations we saw evidence for both an increase in (14)C-based mean residence time (MRT) of the OM and a shift from plant to microbial origin. Evidence for the latter included: (1) a decrease in C/N, (2) a decrease in lignin phenols and an increase in their oxidation state, and (3) an increase in delta(13)C and delta(15)N. Although bulk-soil OM levels varied substantially across the four soils, trends in OM composition and MRT across the density fractions were similar. In the intermediate density fractions (similar to 1.8-2.6 g cm(-3)), most of the reactive sites available for interaction with organic molecules were provided by aluminosilicate clays, and OM characteristics were consistent with a layered mode of OM accumulation. With increasing density (lower OM loading) within this range, OM showed evidence of an increasingly microbial origin. We hypothesize that this microbially derived OM was young at the time of attachment to the mineral surfaces but that it persisted due to both binding with mineral surfaces and protection beneath layers of younger, less microbially processed C. As a result of these processes, the OM increased in MRT, oxidation state, and degree of microbial processing in the sequentially denser intermediate fractions. Thus mineral surface chemistry is assumed to play little role in determining OM composition in these intermediate fractions. As the separation density was increased beyond similar to 2.6 g cm(-3), mineralogy shifted markedly: aluminosilicate clays gave way first to light primary minerals including quartz, then at even higher densities to various Fe-bearing primary minerals. Correspondingly, we observed a marked drop in delta(15)N, a weaker decrease in extent of microbial processing of lignin phenols, and some evidence of a rise in C/N ratio. At the same time, however, (14)C-based MRT time continued its increase. The increase in MRT, despite decreases in degree of microbial alteration, suggests that mineral surface composition (especially Fe concentration) plays a strong role in determining OM composition across these two densest fractions. C1 [Sollins, Phillip] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kramer, Marc G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Swanston, Christopher] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Lajtha, Kate] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Filley, Timothy] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Aufdenkampe, Anthony K.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Wagai, Rota] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Bowden, Richard D.] Allegheny Coll, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. RP Sollins, P (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM phil.sollins@orst.edu RI Wagai, Rota/A-5978-2012 FU NSF; USDA [2002-35107-12249, 2005-35107-16336, 2007-03184]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship Program FX We thank Gesa Thomas, Lisa Ganio, Dave Beilman, and Sarah Beldin for help with sample and data analyses and graphics. Funding was provided by grants from NSF and USDA NRI to PS and from USDA NRI to KL. Analysis of the Kinabalu soil was facilitated by funding to PS from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship Program as a visiting scientist, and by Prof. K. Kitayama who provided laboratory supplies and facilities at the Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University. Lastly, we acknowledge the critical contribution of B. A. Caldwell during the inception of this project in introducing us to the extensive literature on preferential sorption of protein to mineral surfaces. Funding for this work was provided by grants from the USDA CSREES NRI program (2002-35107-12249 to KL, 2005-35107-16336 to PS, and 2007-03184 to MK). NR 74 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 7 U2 120 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD DEC PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1-3 BP 209 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s10533-009-9359-z PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 500EG UT WOS:000270280500014 ER PT J AU Taris, N Boudry, P Bonhomme, F Camara, MD Lapegue, S AF Taris, Nicolas Boudry, Pierre Bonhomme, Francois Camara, Mark D. Lapegue, Sylvie TI Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Analysis of Genetic Heterogeneity Among Recruitment Cohorts of the European Flat Oyster Ostrea edulis SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PINCTADA-MARGARITIFERA-CUMINGII; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PACIFIC OYSTER; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ALLELIC RICHNESS; LARGE VARIANCE; MARINE FISH AB Marine species with high fecundity and high early mortality may also have high variance in reproductive success among individuals due to stochastic factors, making successful reproduction a "sweepstakes." In some cases, the impact is sufficient to reduce the effective number of breeders in wild populations. We tested two predictions of the sweepstakes reproductive success hypothesis in a French Atlantic population of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, by evaluating (1) whether individuals belonging to temporally discrete recruitment cohorts within a single reproductive season displayed reduced genetic variation relative to the entire adult population, and (2) whether these temporal cohorts of recruits were genetically differentiated from each other. We assayed genetic variation at four nuclear microsatellites and a 12S mitochondrial fragment in four recruitment cohorts. Nuclear markers provided no evidence for differentiation between recruitment cohorts and adults or between temporal cohorts. However, mitochondrial data indicate that the first temporal cohort showed significant differentiation with the last (Fst = 0.052, P < 0.05) and with the adult sample (Fst = 0.058, P < 0.05). These differences are most likely due to the smaller effective size of the mitochondrial genome-and hence its increased sensitivity to drift compared to the nuclear genome. This slight mitochondrial signal indicates a certain limitation in the number of contributing female parents in this species. The "sweepstakes" phenomenon was therefore limited in our case. Hypothetically, this phenomenon may occur or not, with a high variance as a result of the interaction between the oyster reproductive biology and different environmental conditions. C1 [Taris, Nicolas; Lapegue, Sylvie] IFREMER, Lab Genet & Pathol, F-17390 La Tremblade, France. [Taris, Nicolas; Bonhomme, Francois] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, UMR 5554, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France. [Boudry, Pierre] IFREMER, UMR Physiol & Ecophysiol Mollusques Marins M100, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Camara, Mark D.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, USDA ARS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lapegue, S (reprint author), IFREMER, Lab Genet & Pathol, F-17390 La Tremblade, France. EM Sylvie.Lapegue@ifremer.fr RI Boudry, Pierre/G-2406-2010; Lapegue, Sylvie/H-5042-2011; Rivet, Florence/H-5039-2011; Bonhomme, Francois/C-6290-2012 OI Boudry, Pierre/0000-0002-5150-2276; Bonhomme, Francois/0000-0002-8792-9239 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 EI 1939-8697 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 217 IS 3 BP 233 EP 241 PG 9 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 541IT UT WOS:000273409200004 PM 20040748 ER PT J AU Bailey, LL Reid, JA Forsman, ED Nichols, JD AF Bailey, Larissa L. Reid, Janice A. Forsman, Eric D. Nichols, James D. TI Modeling co-occurrence of northern spotted and barred owls: Accounting for detection probability differences SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Competitive exclusion; Endangered species; Occupancy modeling; Interaction; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia ID STRIX-VARIA; HABITAT; OCCIDENTALIS; WASHINGTON; OCCUPANCY; INVASION; DYNAMICS AB Barred owls (Strix varia) have recently expanded their range and now encompass the entire range of the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). This expansion has led to two important issues of concern for management of northern spotted owls: (1) possible competitive interactions between the two species that could contribute to population declines of northern spotted owls, and (2) possible changes in vocalization behavior and detection probabilities of northern spotted owls induced by presence of barred owls. We used a two-species occupancy model to investigate whether there was evidence of competitive exclusion between the two species at study locations in Oregon, USA. We simultaneously estimated detection probabilities for both species and determined if the presence of one species influenced the detection of the other species. Model selection results and associated parameter estimates provided no evidence that barred owls excluded spotted owls from territories. We found strong evidence that detection probabilities differed for the two species, with higher probabilities for northern spotted owls that are the object of current surveys. Non-detection of barred owls is very common in surveys for northern spotted owls, and detection of both owl species was negatively influenced by the presence of the congeneric species. Our results suggest that analyses directed at hypotheses of barred owl effects on demographic or occupancy vital rates of northern spotted owls need to deal adequately with imperfect and variable detection probabilities for both species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Bailey, Larissa L.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Reid, Janice A.; Forsman, Eric D.] Natl Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bailey, LL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM Larissa.Bailey@colostate.edu; janice_reid@or.blm.gov; eforsman@fs.fed.us; jnichols@usgs.gov RI Bailey, Larissa/A-2565-2009 FU US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring FX We wish to thank Robert Anthony for constructive comments and insights and Jim Hines for implementing models in Program PRESENCE. We thank field crew members Jason Mowdy, Amy Price and Scott Graham whose diligence and attention to detail are commendable. Research funding for LLB was provided by the US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Program. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2983 EP 2989 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.028 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523UM UT WOS:000272100100020 ER PT J AU Cordell, S Ostertag, R Rowe, B Sweinhart, L Vasquez-Radonic, L Michaud, J Cole, TC Schulten, JR AF Cordell, Susan Ostertag, Rebecca Rowe, Barbara Sweinhart, Linda Vasquez-Radonic, Lucero Michaud, Jene Cole, T. Colleen Schulten, Jodie R. TI Evaluating barriers to native seedling establishment in an invaded Hawaiian lowland wet forest SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Germination; Melastoma; Metrosideros; Non-native species; Seed bank; Seed rain ID RESOURCE-USE EFFICIENCY; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; TROPICAL DRY FOREST; SPECIES REMOVAL; RESTORATION; METROSIDEROS; INVASIBILITY; VEGETATION; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM AB Many tropical island forest ecosystems are dominated by non-native plant species and lack native species regeneration in the understorey. Comparison of replicated control and removal plots offers an opportunity to examine not only invasive species impacts but also the restoration potential of native species. In lowland Hawaiian wet forests little is known about native species seed dynamics, recruitment requirements, or the effects of management. In a heavily invaded lowland wet forest, we examined the relationship between seed presence and seedling establishment in control and removal plots. Non-native species were competitively superior because they had higher germination percentages and dominated the seed bank; only seven out of 33,375 seedlings were native. In contrast, the seed rain contained native seed, but native seedling recruitment was almost exclusively limited to removal plots, suggesting that optimum establishment conditions are not met in the presence of a dense mid-storey of non-native species. Non-native species dominance was altered and biomass significantly decreased over time resulting in a reduced weeding effort (12.38-0.77 g day(-1)). We suggest that with opening of the canopy through non-native species removal and subsequent weeding. it may be possible to reduce the seed bank enough to skew the regeneration potential towards native species. Our results suggest that germination success and lack of a seed bank are the main bottlenecks for native species. We conclude that without invasive species control, future regeneration of Hawaiian lowland wet forests is likely to be almost entirely non-native. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cordell, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Ostertag, Rebecca; Rowe, Barbara; Sweinhart, Linda; Michaud, Jene; Schulten, Jodie R.] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Vasquez-Radonic, Lucero] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cole, T. Colleen] State Hawaii, Div Forestry & Wildlife, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Cordell, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 60 Nowelo St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM scordell01@fs.fed.us; ostertag@hawaii.edu; browe@hawaii.edu; lindars@hawaii.edu; lu_radonic@hotmail.com; jene@hawaii.edu; tcolleencole@gmail.com; schulten@hawaii.edu RI Ostertag, Rebecca/B-1756-2013 FU NSF EPSCoR [0237065, 0554657]; NSF REU [0139379]; NSF TCUP [0223040]; NSF CAREER [0546868]; USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry FX This research was funded and facilitated through NSF EPSCoR Awards 0237065 and 0554657, NSF REU 0139379, NSF TCUP 0223040, NSF CAREER 0546868 and The USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. For student support we thank L. Canale, K. Gunderson, S. Juvik, D. Kapp, H.E. Perry, C. Perez-Frayne, D. Price, and S. Ziegler-Chong. Access to field sites was provided by the Hawaii Army National Guard Environmental Office (Col. O. Peterson), and C. Blaisdell, C. Thurkins, and Major Lindsey facilitated this research at Keaukaha Military Reservation. We also thank C. Thurkins for her guidance and hard work and the numerous volunteers who assisted in plot creation. We thank all of those who helped us in the field, A. Skipper, K. Publico, and J. Enoka. C. Baskin and K. Holl provided helpful comments. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 142 IS 12 BP 2997 EP 3004 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.033 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 523UM UT WOS:000272100100022 ER PT J AU Herr, JC Carruthers, RI Bean, DW DeLoach, CJ Kashefi, J AF Herr, John C. Carruthers, Raymond I. Bean, Daniel W. DeLoach, C. Jack Kashefi, Javid TI Host preference between saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) and native non-target Frankenia spp. within the Diorhabda elongata species complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control of weeds; Host range; Host specificity testing; Non-target impacts; Diorhabda elongata; Tamarix; Frankenia ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ASIAN LEAF BEETLE; DESERTICOLA COLEOPTERA; DIFFERENT POPULATIONS; RISK; SPECIFICITY; BIOCONTROL; ECOLOGY; PLANTS AB Since its release in 2001 for the biological control of saltcedar (Tamarix spp., Tamaricaceae), the leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata (Brulle) from China and Kazakhstan, has become successfully established in many locations in the western United States. However, it failed to establish in the southern and western portions of the saltcedar infestation, creating the need to test additional populations of the beetle from other areas within its region of origin. The host specificity of seven Eurasian populations of D. elongata was evaluated by testing larval development and adult ovipositional preference on a variety of non-target agricultural, ornamental and native plants, with emphasis placed on native Frankenia spp. (Frankeniaceae), which were shown to be laboratory hosts in previous tests. No larvae survived on any of the non-target test plants except for Frankenia spp., where survival to the adult stage ranged between 15% and 92%, and was often not significantly different from survival on Tamarix controls. Adult Diorhabda from Crete laid significantly more eggs on Tamarix ramosissima Ledebour than on Frankenia spp. in a multiple-choice oviposition test but showed very little discrimination between Tamarix and Frankenia species in a no-choice test. In paired-choice tests, all seven Diorhabda populations laid significantly more eggs on T. ramosissima than Frankenia salina (Molina) I. M. Johnston. However, the percentage of total eggs laid on F. salina ranged from 0.8% to 15.7%, suggesting that some utilization of this native plant might occur in the field, despite the presence of a preferred host plant. Significant differences were found between some Diorhabda populations in the percent of total eggs laid on F. salina, indicating a variable degree of risk to these non-target plants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Herr, John C.; Carruthers, Raymond I.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Bean, Daniel W.] Colorado Dept Agr, Palisade, CO 81526 USA. [DeLoach, C. Jack] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Kashefi, Javid] USDA ARS, European Biol Control Lab, Thessaloniki 54622, Greece. RP Herr, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM john.herr@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CSREES IFAFS; USDI BLM FX We would like to thank Rouhollah Sobhian and Alan Kirk (USDA-ARS EBCL, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France), Massimo Cristofaro (ENEA C. R. Casaccia, Rome, Italy) and Li Bao Ping (Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China) for collecting populations of Eurasian Diorhabda; Alexander Konstantinov (USDA-ARS SEL, Washington, DC) for identification of insect specimens; John Gaskin (USDA-ARS Sidney, MT) for identification of saltcedar specimens; Debra Eberts (USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO) for Frankenia jamesii plants; and the excellent technical staff at the USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, including: Tammy Chew and Julie Keller for insect colony maintenance, and Dave Leclergue, Hillary Thomas, Angelica Herrera, Anni Ala and Connie Ganong for assistance with the host range tests. Mike Pitcairn (California Dept. of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA) and Andrew Lawson (California State University, Fresno, CA) provided valuable comments on the manuscript. This research was funded in part by grants from the USDA CSREES IFAFS and USDI BLM. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.07.015 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 515MW UT WOS:000271476900001 ER PT J AU Faria, M Hajek, AE Wraight, SP AF Faria, Marcos Hajek, Ann E. Wraight, Stephen P. TI Imbibitional damage in conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium acridum, and Metarhizium anisopliae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Microbial control; Mycoinsecticides; Anhydrobiosis; Rehydration; Germination; Sorption isotherm ID MOISTURE-CONTENT; FLAVOVIRIDE CONIDIA; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE; ANHYDROBIOSIS; FORMULATIONS; STABILITY; VIABILITY; POLLEN; INJURY AB When dried organisms are immersed in water, rapid imbibition may cause severe damage to plasma membranes; in unicellular organisms, such damage is usually lethal. This study investigated effects of water activity (dryness) of organisms and immersion temperature on imbibitional damage in three insect pathogenic fungi. Conidial powders of Beauveria bassiana (Bb), Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and Metarhizium acridum (Mac) were dried/hydrated to a broad range of water activities (a(w)) (0.023-0.961) prior to immersion in water at 0.5-33 degrees C. Imbibitional damage in conidia of each fungus occurred rapidly, with no differences in viabilities observed following immersion for 2 vs. 60 min. Damage increased with decreasing water activity of the conidia and decreasing temperature of the immersion water. Dry (a(w) <= 0.333) Metarhizium spp. conidia were highly susceptible to imbibitional damage, with viability declining to <= 5% after immersion at 0.5 degrees C and <= 63% following immersion at 15 degrees C. Germination of the driest Ma conidia was reduced to 66% after treatment at 25 degrees C. In contrast, Bb was highly tolerant to damage, with significant reductions in viability (to levels as low as 43-65%) occurring only when dry conidia were immersed at 0.5 degrees C. Damage was prevented when conidia were slowly rehydrated by humidification prior to immersion and immersion temperature was increased to 33-34 degrees C; germination of all fungi was >= 94% under these optimal conditions. However, immersion of the driest Bb, Ma, and Mac powders in warm water (33 degrees C) also resulted in high viabilities (95%, 89%, and 94%, respectively), and slow-rehydrated conidia also retained high viability (87%, 92%, and 83%, respectively) after immersion in ice-cold water (0.5 degrees C). Formulation of conidia in pure (non-emulsifiable) paraffinic oil provided considerable protection from imbibitional damage. This study underscores a need for establishing standard protocols for preparing aqueous suspensions of sensitive fungi for both research and commercial applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Faria, Marcos] EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Faria, Marcos; Hajek, Ann E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wraight, Stephen P.] USDA ARS, Biol Integrated Pest Management Res Unit, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Faria, M (reprint author), EMBRAPA Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, Caixa Postal 02372, BR-70849970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM faria@cenargen.embrapa.br RI Faria, Marcos/E-1446-2012 OI Faria, Marcos/0000-0001-9420-0916 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.06.012 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 515MW UT WOS:000271476900002 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Mbata, GN Nguyen, KB Peat, SM Blackburn, D Adams, BJ AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Mbata, George N. Nguyen, Khuong B. Peat, Scott M. Blackburn, Dana Adams, Byron J. TI Characterization of biocontrol traits in the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis georgiana (Kesha strain), and phylogenetic analysis of the nematode's symbiotic bacteria SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beneficial traits; Biological control; Entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis georgiana; Photorhabdus; Phylogenetic; Steinernema ID STEINERNEMA-CARPOCAPSAE RHABDITIDA; INTERPUNCTELLA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; N-SP RHABDITIDA; ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SUBSP-NOV; PHOTORHABDUS-ASYMBIOTICA; GENUS PHOTORHABDUS; BLACK CUTWORM; NEW-JERSEY AB Our objective was to estimate the biocontrol potential of the recently discovered entomopathogenic nematode species Heterorhabditis georgiana (Kesha strain). Additionally, we conducted a phylogenetic characterization of the nematode's symbiotic bacterium. In laboratory experiments, we compared H. georgiana to other entomopathogenic nematodes for virulence, environmental tolerance (to heat, desiccation, and cold), and host seeking ability. Virulence assays targeted Acheta domesticus, Agrotis ipsilon, Diaprepes abbreviatus, Musca domestica, Plodia interpunctella, Solenopsis invicta, and Tenebrio molitor. Each assay included H. georgiana and five or six of the following species: Heterorhabditis floridensis, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis mexicana, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema rarum, and Steinernema riobrave. Environmental tolerance assays included Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. georgiana, H. indica, S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae, and S. riobrave (except cold tolerance did not include S. carpocapsae or S. riobrave). Host seeking ability was assessed in H. bacteriophora, H. georgiana, S. carpocapsae, and Steinernema glaseri, all of which showed positive orientation to the host with S. glaseri having greater movement toward the host than S. carpocapsae (and the heterorhabditids being intermediate). Temperature range data (tested at 10, 13, 17, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C) indicated that H. georgiana can infect Galleria mellonella between 13 and 35 degrees C (with higher infection at 17-30 degrees C), and could reproduce between 17 and 30 degrees C (with higher nematode yields at 25 degrees C). Compared with other nematode species, H. georgiana expressed low or intermediate capabilities in all virulence and environmental tolerance assays indicating a relatively low biocontrol potential. Some novel observations resulted from comparisons among other species tested. In virulence assays, H. indica caused the highest mortality in P. interpunctella followed by S. riobrave; S. carpocapsae caused the highest mortality in A. domesticus followed by H. indica; and S. riobrave was the most virulent nematode to S. invicta. In cold tolerance, S. feltiae exhibited superior ability to cause mortality in G. mellonella (100%) at 10 degrees C, yet H. bacteriophora and H. georgiana exhibited the ability to produce attenuated infections at 10 degrees C, i.e., the infections resumed and produced mortality at 25 degrees C. In contrast, H. indica did not show an ability to cause attenuated infections. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the bacterium associated with H. georgiana was identified as Photorhabdus luminescens akhurstii. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Mbata, George N.] Ft Valley State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Nguyen, Khuong B.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Peat, Scott M.; Blackburn, Dana; Adams, Byron J.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Peat, Scott M.; Blackburn, Dana; Adams, Byron J.] Brigham Young Univ, Evolutionary Ecol Labs, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Blackburn, Dana] Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009; OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352; Blackburn, Dana/0000-0001-5153-3366 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 377 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.07.009 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 515MW UT WOS:000271476900006 ER PT J AU Hough-Goldstein, J Mayer, MA Hudson, W Robbins, G Morrison, P Reardon, R AF Hough-Goldstein, Judith Mayer, Mark A. Hudson, Wayne Robbins, George Morrison, Patricia Reardon, Richard TI Monitored releases of Rhinoncomimus latipes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a biological control agent of mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata), 2004-2008 SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Persicaria perfoliata; Polygonum perfoliatum; Rhinoncomimus latipes; Mile-a-minute weed; Weed biological control; Agent establishment; Monitoring ID TREE MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; KOROTYAEV COLEOPTERA; L. POLYGONALES; BIOCONTROL; DISPERSAL; INSECT AB Mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross, is an invasive annual vine of Asian origin that has developed extensive monocultures, especially in disturbed open areas in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A host-specific Asian weevil, Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev, was approved for release in North America in 2004, and weevils have been reared at the New Jersey Department of Agriculture Beneficial Insect Laboratory since then. By the end of 2007 more than 53,000 weevils had been reared and released, mostly in New Jersey, but also in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The beetles established at 63 out of 65 sites (96.9%) where they were released between 2004 and 2007, with successful releases consisting of as few as 200 weevils. Weevils were recorded at 30 additional non-release sites in New Jersey, where they had dispersed at an average rate of 4.3 km/year. Standardized monitoring of fixed quadrats was conducted in paired release and control sites at eight locations. Significant differences in mile-a-minute weed populations in the presence and absence of weevils were found at three locations, with reduction in spring densities to 25% or less of what they had been at the start within 2-3 years at release sites, while weed densities at control sites were largely unchanged. Mile-a-minute weed populations at a fourth site were similarly reduced at the release site, but without control data for comparison due to rapid colonization of the paired control site. At the other four locations, all on islands, mile-a-minute weed populations were reduced at both release and control sites without large weevil populations developing, apparently due to environmental conditions such as late frost and extreme drought. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hough-Goldstein, Judith] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Mayer, Mark A.; Hudson, Wayne; Robbins, George] NJ Dept Agr, Phillip Alampi Beneficial Insect Lab, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Morrison, Patricia] Ohio River Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge, Williamstown, WV 26187 USA. [Reardon, Richard] USDA, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hough-Goldstein, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM jhough@udel.edu FU Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia FX We thank Rachel Cliche, formerly of the Chesapeake Island Refuges (including Garrett Island), who oversaw monitoring and contributed data from that site. Megan Schiff, Kelsey Paras, Jamie Pool, Shane LaCoss, and Rachel Schnaitman assisted with monitoring in Delaware. We thank Daniel Palmer, Amy Diercks, Caryl Ott, and Tom Dorsey, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, for rearing and supplying the weevils. Thanks to Fred Doutthit and Vince D'Amico for assisting with preparation of the release site map. Funding was provided by the Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.08.005 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 515MW UT WOS:000271476900015 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC AF Naranjo, Steven E. Ellsworth, Peter C. TI The contribution of conservation biological control to integrated control of Bemisia tabaci in cotton SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; Life tables; Key factor; Irreplaceable mortality; Predation; Parasitism; Contemporaneous mortality; Selective insecticides; Bioresidual; Integrated control ID CONTEMPORANEOUS MORTALITY FACTORS; LIFE-TABLE ANALYSIS; NATURAL ENEMIES; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ARTHROPOD PESTS; SAMPLING PLANS; HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; MANAGEMENT; LEPIDOPTERA AB Integrated control systems are based on the complimentary contribution of chemical and biological control fostered by conservation of natural enemies. Yet, in the 50 years since the integrated control concept [ICC] [Stern, V. M., Smith, R. F., van den Bosch, R., Hagen, K. S., 1959. The integrated control concept. Hilgardia 29, 81-101] was introduced there are few operational programs and even fewer attempts to analyze the mechanisms that allow chemical and biological control to act in concert. The dearth of demonstrable evidence for the ICC has eroded the credibility of biological control and its usage in operational IPM plans. We used in situ life tables within an experimental design to measure and compare the contribution and interaction of biological control and insecticides as tactical components within three pest management systems for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton. Insecticides were the key factor immediately following applications of broad-spectrum materials or one of two selective insect growth regulators (IGRs), and this mortality replaced that provided by natural enemies. Two to six weeks later, however, mortality from natural enemies, primarily predation, in the IGR regimes rebounded to the high levels observed in untreated controls and became the key factor. Mortality from natural enemies remained depressed in the broad-spectrum insecticide regime. Single IGR applications were sufficient to suppress B. tabaci populations throughout the season, while up to five broad-spectrum applications were needed to achieve comparable control. The chemical residual of IGRs was limited to several weeks, demonstrating a key role for mortality from conserved natural enemies that extended the control interval. This "bioresidual" allows for long-term, commercially-acceptable pest suppression following the use of selective insecticides. We provide a rare experimental illustration of integrated control, where chemical and biological controls "augment one another". Our approach and methodology could be applied to demonstrate and validate integrated control in many other systems, addressing a critical need for implementation of biological control in practicing IPM systems. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ellsworth, Peter C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM steve.naranjo@ars.usda.gov OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 FU USDACREES; Pest Management Alternatives and Extension IPM Programs; NAPIAP (Western Region); Western Region IPM Program; Western IPM Center; Arizona Cotton Growers Association; agrochemical industry; Cotton Incorporated FX We thank Geoff Gurr, Charles Pickett, and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript, and especially Jon Diehl for his critical contributions to the development and conduct of this research. We also thank Daniel Ashton, Virginia Barkley, Kim Beimfohr, Francisco Bojorquez, Jeff Cantrell, Gilberto Castro, Rochelle Christensen, Johnny Fearn, Celso Jara, Donna Meade, Gregory Owens, Doug Sieglaff, and Enrique Yescas for technical assistance. Partial support was provided by USDACREES, Pest Management Alternatives and Extension IPM Programs, NAPIAP (Western Region), Western Region IPM Program, Western IPM Center, Arizona Cotton Growers Association, agrochemical industry and Cotton Incorporated. NR 78 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 458 EP 470 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.08.006 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 515MW UT WOS:000271476900016 ER PT J AU Moser, SE Obrycki, JJ AF Moser, Susan E. Obrycki, John J. TI Non-target effects of neonicotinoid seed treatments; mortality of coccinellid larvae related to zoophytophagy SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Clothianidin; Harmonia axyridis; Insecticide; Leaf-feeding; Non-target effects; Predator-plant interaction; Thiamethoxam ID HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS COLEOPTERA; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; PREDATOR ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SOYBEAN APHID; SEPTEMPUNCTATA COLEOPTERA; NEUROPTERA-CHRYSOPIDAE; SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; TETRANYCHUS-URTICAE AB Third and fourth instar Harmonia axyridis Pallas larvae feed directly on corn seedlings; therefore they may be at risk if the seedlings are chemically treated. Neonicotinoids are broad-spectrum systemic insecticides that are frequently applied to corn seeds prior to planting to protect seedlings from early-season root and leaf-feeding. In this study, H. axyridis larvae were exposed for 360 min to corn seedlings that had been grown from seeds treated with either thiamethoxam or clothianidin. Neurotoxic symptoms (trembling, paralysis, and loss of coordination) were observed in 72% of the H. axyridis larvae; recovery following neurotoxic symptoms rarely occurred (7%). Starvation of larvae for 48 h prior to seedling exposure may increase tissue consumption; however, there was no difference in the number of starved or satiated larvae that displayed neurotoxic symptoms and died. Neurotoxic symptoms and larval mortality were significantly more likely to occur if larvae were exposed to seedlings grown from seeds treated with neonicotinoids compared to the control. In addition, clothianidin resulted in significantly greater larval mortality (80%) compared to thiamethoxam (53%). Symptoms and mortality were rarely observed if seedlings were not treated with a neonicotinoid seed treatment (3% and 3%, respectively). Coccinellids are abundant in agroecosystems in which neonicotinoid seed treatments are likely to be applied. Therefore, the use of neonicotinoids may have negative effects on these non-target species if early-season leaf-feeding occurs in the field. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Moser, Susan E.; Obrycki, John J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Moser, SE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM smoser@iastate.edu FU Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky FX Thanks to C. Fox and B. Wallin for laboratory assistance. Thanks also to R. Bessin, J. Harwood, K. Haynes, J. Snyder, D. Westneat, K. Yeargan for comments on an earlier version of this paper. S. E. M. was supported by a Graduate Research Assistantship from the Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky. This is publication number 09-08-054 of the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD DEC PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.09.001 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 515MW UT WOS:000271476900020 ER PT J AU Morin, RS Liebhold, AM Gottschalk, KW AF Morin, Randall S. Liebhold, Andrew M. Gottschalk, Kurt W. TI Anisotropic spread of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Adelges tsugae; Eastern hemlock; Tsuga canadensis; Invasive pest; Invasion; Range expansion; Habitat ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CAMERARIA-OHRIDELLA; INSECT INVASIONS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; SPATIAL SPREAD; HOMOPTERA; PREDICTION; MANAGEMENT; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS AB Simple population models predict that the spread of an invading species through a homogenous habitat should be equal in all directions, but geographic variation in the habitat that affects either reproduction or movement could result in variable rates of spread. We analyse records of the historical range expansion of the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae Annand) in the eastern United States from 1951 to 2006 to document that this species has spread in an anisotropic fashion. Furthermore, the magnitude and direction of this anisotropy has varied through time. We explore the extent to which this spatial and temporal variation in spread can be explained by geographical variation in climate and by the abundance of hosts, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.). We found that a significant component of the spatial anisotropy in HWA spread rate can be explained by the geographical distribution of host trees. January temperatures were negatively associated with spread rates but this may be an artifact of the association between hemlock and cold climates. The current distribution of the adelgid in eastern N. America may be approaching the extent of its potential range to the south and west determined by availability of host hemlock and to the north determined by lethal cold winter temperatures. C1 [Morin, Randall S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Morin, RS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM rsmorin@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 FU USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Programme FX We would like to thank the USDA Forest Service Special Technology Development Programme for the funding the project. We also are grateful to Gino Luzader who provided technical assistance. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2009 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2341 EP 2350 DI 10.1007/s10530-008-9420-1 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 512PH UT WOS:000271261700014 ER PT J AU Hawkes, WC Wang, TTY Alkan, Z Richter, BD Dawson, K AF Hawkes, Wayne Chris Wang, Thomas T. Y. Alkan, Zeynep Richter, B. Diane Dawson, Kevin TI Selenoprotein W Modulates Control of Cell Cycle Entry SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Cancer; G1/S transition; Cell cycle entry; Nutrition; Chemoprevention ID BREAST-CANCER; SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; EXPRESSION; RISK; MICROARRAYS; INDUCTION; PROTEINS; HEALTH; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE-1 AB The present study was conducted to identify targets of selenium (Se) provided to cultured human cells in physiologically relevant doses and forms. Breast and prostate epithelial cells were supplemented with Se provided as 100 nM sodium selenite or high-Se serum and gene expression was profiled with DNA microarrays. Pure sodium selenite affected expression of 560 genes in MCF-10A breast cells, including 60 associated with the cell cycle (p = 2.8 x 10(-16)). Selenoprotein W (SEPW1) was the only selenoprotein messenger RNA (mRNA) increased by both sodium selenite (specific) and high-Se serum (physiologic). SEPW1 small interfering RNA inhibited G1-phase progression and increased G1-phase gene transcripts, while decreasing S-phase and G2/M-phase gene transcripts, indicating the cell cycle was interrupted at the G1/S transition. SEPW1 mRNA levels were maximal during G1-phase, dropped after the G1/S transition and increased again after G2/M-phase. SEPW1-underexpressing prostate cells had increased mRNA for BCL2, which can induce a G1 arrest, and decreased mRNA for RBBP8 and KPNA2, which modulate the Rb/p53 checkpoint pathway. These results suggest that SEPW1 and the G1/S transition are physiological targets of Se in breast and prostate epithelial cells. C1 [Hawkes, Wayne Chris; Alkan, Zeynep; Richter, B. Diane] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Thomas T. Y.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. [Dawson, Kevin] Univ Calif Davis, NCMHD Ctr Excellence Nutr Genom, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hawkes, WC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wayne.hawkes@ars.usda.gov; tom.wang@ars.usda.gov; zeynep.alkan@ars.usda.gov; bdrichter@ucdavis.edu; kdawson@ucdavis.edu FU US Department of Agriculture CRIS [5306-51530-009-00D, 123552530-003-00]; NCMHD [1 P60 MD00222]; NCI Cancer Center [P30 CA93373] FX US Department of Agriculture CRIS project no. 5306-51530-009-00D and no. 123552530-003-00 and NCMHD grant no. 1 P60 MD00222 supported this research. The UC Davis Cancer Center Gene Expression Resource supported by NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA93373 performed the microarray labeling, hybridizations, and scanning. Mention of trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the US Department of Agriculture nor does it imply approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. The opinions expressed herein represent those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the US Department of Agriculture. NR 67 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 131 IS 3 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s12011-009-8367-0 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 514LP UT WOS:000271396500003 PM 19387567 ER PT J AU Kipnis, V Midthune, D Buckman, DW Dodd, KW Guenther, PM Krebs-Smith, SM Subar, AF Tooze, JA Carroll, RJ Freedman, LS AF Kipnis, Victor Midthune, Douglas Buckman, Dennis W. Dodd, Kevin W. Guenther, Patricia M. Krebs-Smith, Susan M. Subar, Amy F. Tooze, Janet A. Carroll, Raymond J. Freedman, Laurence S. TI Modeling Data with Excess Zeros and Measurement Error: Application to Evaluating Relationships between Episodically Consumed Foods and Health Outcomes SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Dietary measurement error; Dietary survey; Episodically consumed foods; Excess zero models; Food frequency questionnaire; Fish; Individual usual intake; Mercury; Nonlinear mixed models; Regression calibration; 24-hour recall ID LONGITUDINAL DATA; TRANSFORMATIONS; VALIDATION; COVARIATE AB P>Dietary assessment of episodically consumed foods gives rise to nonnegative data that have excess zeros and measurement error. Tooze et al. (2006, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 106, 1575-1587) describe a general statistical approach (National Cancer Institute method) for modeling such food intakes reported on two or more 24-hour recalls (24HRs) and demonstrate its use to estimate the distribution of the food's usual intake in the general population. In this article, we propose an extension of this method to predict individual usual intake of such foods and to evaluate the relationships of usual intakes with health outcomes. Following the regression calibration approach for measurement error correction, individual usual intake is generally predicted as the conditional mean intake given 24HR-reported intake and other covariates in the health model. One feature of the proposed method is that additional covariates potentially related to usual intake may be used to increase the precision of estimates of usual intake and of diet-health outcome associations. Applying the method to data from the Eating at America's Table Study, we quantify the increased precision obtained from including reported frequency of intake on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) as a covariate in the calibration model. We then demonstrate the method in evaluating the linear relationship between log blood mercury levels and fish intake in women by using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and show increased precision when including the FFQ information. Finally, we present simulation results evaluating the performance of the proposed method in this context. C1 [Kipnis, Victor; Midthune, Douglas; Dodd, Kevin W.] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Buckman, Dennis W.] Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20904 USA. [Guenther, Patricia M.] USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. [Krebs-Smith, Susan M.; Subar, Amy F.] NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Tooze, Janet A.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Biostat Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Carroll, Raymond J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Freedman, Laurence S.] Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, IL-52161 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Kipnis, V (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Div, 6130 Execut Blvd,EPN 3131, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM kipnisv@mail.nih.gov FU National Cancer Institute [CA57030]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology [KUS-CI-016-04] FX R.J.C.'s research was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA57030) and by Award KUS-CI-016-04, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. NR 18 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2009 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01223.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 524FC UT WOS:000272128200001 PM 19302405 ER PT J AU Smagghe, BJ Hoy, JA Percifield, R Kundu, S Hargrove, MS Sarath, G Hilbert, JL Watts, RA Dennis, ES Peacock, WJ Dewilde, S Moens, L Blouin, GC Olson, JS Appleby, CA AF Smagghe, Benoit J. Hoy, Julie A. Percifield, Ryan Kundu, Suman Hargrove, Mark S. Sarath, Gautam Hilbert, Jean-Louis Watts, Richard A. Dennis, Elizabeth S. Peacock, W. James Dewilde, Sylvia Moens, Luc Blouin, George C. Olson, John S. Appleby, Cyril A. TI Correlations Between Oxygen Affinity and Sequence Classifications of Plant Hemoglobins SO BIOPOLYMERS LA English DT Review DE plant hemoglobins; leghemoglobins; O-2 binding ID NITRIC-OXIDE DIOXYGENASE; DISTAL HEME POCKET; LIGAND-BINDING; SOYBEAN LEGHEMOGLOBIN; HEXACOORDINATE HEMOGLOBIN; TRUNCATED HEMOGLOBINS; NONSYMBIOTIC HEMOGLOBINS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; HYPOXIC STRESS AB Plants express three phylogenetic classes of hemoglobins (Hb) based on sequence analyses. Class 1 and 2 Hbs are full-length globins with the classical eight helix Mb-like fold, whereas Class 3 plant Hbs resemble the truncated globins found in bacteria. With the exception of the specialized leghemoglobins, the physiological functions of these plant hemoglobins remain unknown. We have reviewed and, in some cases, measured new oxygen binding properties of a large number of Class 1 and 2 plant nonsymbiotic Hbs and leghemoglobins. We found that sequence classification correlates with distinct extents of hexacoordination with the distal histidine and markedly different overall oxygen affinities and association and dissociation rate constants. These results suggest strong selective pressure for the evolution of distinct physiological functions. The leghemoglobins evolved from the Class 2 globins and show no hexacoordination, very high rates of O-2 binding (similar to 250 mu M-1 s(-1)), moderately high rates of O-2 dissociation (similar to 5-15 s(-1)), and high oxygen affinity (K-d or P-50 approximate to 50 nM). These properties both facilitate O-2 diffusion to respiring N-2 fixing bacteria and reduce O-2 tension in the root nodules of legumes. The Class 1 plant Hbs show weak hexacoordination (K-HisE7 approximate to 2), moderate rates of O-2 binding (similar to 25 mu M-1 s(-1)), very small rates of O-2 dissociation (similar to 0.16 s(-1)), and remarkably high O-2 affinities (P-50 approximate to 2 nM), suggesting a function involving O-2 and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. The Class 2 Hbs exhibit strong hexacoordination (K-HisE7 approximate to 100), low rates of O-2 binding (similar to 1 mu M-1 s(-1)), moderately low O-2 dissociation rate constants (similar to 1 s(-1)), and moderate, Mb-like O-2 affinities (P-50 approximate to 340 nM), perhaps suggesting a sensing role for sustained low, micromolar levels of oxygen. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1083-1096, 2009. C1 [Blouin, George C.; Olson, John S.] Rice Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Smagghe, Benoit J.; Hoy, Julie A.; Percifield, Ryan; Kundu, Suman; Hargrove, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hoy, Julie A.] Iowa State Univ, Off Biotechnol, Macromol Xray Crystallog Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sarath, Gautam] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Hilbert, Jean-Louis] Univ Sci & Technol Lille, INRA, UMR SADV Stress Abiot & Differenciat Vegetaux Cul, ERT 1016, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Watts, Richard A.; Dennis, Elizabeth S.; Peacock, W. James] CSIRO, Div Plant Ind, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Watts, Richard A.] Australian Natl Univ, Sch Biochem & Mol Biol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Dewilde, Sylvia; Moens, Luc] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biomed Sci, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Olson, JS (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM msh@iastate.edu; olson@rice.edu RI Watts, Richard/D-2744-2009; Peacock, William /B-7139-2009; HILBERT, Jean-Louis/C-1715-2015; Dennis, Elizabeth/A-6074-2008; OI HILBERT, Jean-Louis/0000-0002-0561-6483; Olson, John/0000-0002-0760-5403 FU National Institutes of Health [GM065948, GM035649, HIA7020, GM008280]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C0612]; Iowa State University plant Sciences Institute; Conseil Regional du Nord-Pas de Calais [G.0331.04N] FX USA Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health Contract grant number: GM065948, GM035649, HIA7020 Contract grant sponsor: Robert A. Welch Foundation (C0612), Iowa State University plant Sciences Institute, Contrat Plan-Etat-R gion, Scientific Research Flanders (FNVO) Contract grant sponsor: Conseil Regional du Nord-Pas de Calais (Hypoxia and nerve globins) Contract grant number: G.0331.04N Contract grant sponsor: NIH predoctoral traineeship (Houston Area Molecular Biophysics Training) Contract grant number: GM008280 NR 83 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-3525 EI 1097-0282 J9 BIOPOLYMERS JI Biopolymers PD DEC PY 2009 VL 91 IS 12 SI SI BP 1083 EP 1096 DI 10.1002/bip.21256 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 508UF UT WOS:000270961600012 PM 19441024 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Steidley, KR AF Knothe, Gerhard Steidley, Kevin R. TI A comparison of used cooking oils: A very heterogeneous feedstock for biodiesel SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acid value; Used cooking oil biodiesel; Gas chromatography; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Viscosity ID LONG STORAGE STABILITY; FRYING OIL; DIESEL FUEL; ORIGINATED BIODIESEL; ENGINE PERFORMANCE; VEGETABLE-OILS; FATTY-ACIDS; EMISSIONS; TESTS; COMPONENTS AB Used cooking or frying oils are of increasing interest as inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel production. In this work, used frying oils obtained from 16 local restaurants were investigated regarding their fatty acid profile vs. the fatty acid profile of the oil or fat prior to use. The fatty acid profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Besides the fatty acid profile, the acid value and dynamic viscosity of the samples were determined. Dynamic viscosity was determined because of non-Newtonian behavior of some samples. The results indicate that oils and fats experience various degrees of increase in saturation during cooking/frying use, with the magnitude of these changes varying from sample to sample, i.e., a high degree of randomness of composition is found in used frying oil samples. Properties of the samples that were investigated were acid value and viscosity which consistently increased with use, also in a random fashion. Multiple independent samples obtained from the same restaurants indicate that there is little consistency of used cooking oil obtained from the same source. These results are discussed with regards to the potential fuel properties of biodiesel derived from these used frying oils. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Knothe, Gerhard; Steidley, Kevin R.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 100 IS 23 BP 5796 EP 5801 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.064 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 494KV UT WOS:000269812600037 PM 19592239 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Rodrigues, RCLB Jeffries, TW AF Lee, Jae-Won Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B. Jeffries, Thomas W. TI Simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation of oxalic acid pretreated corncob assessed with response surface methodology SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Pichia stipitis; Cellulase; SSF; beta-Glucosidase ID HYDROLYSIS; DECAY AB Response surface methodology was used to evaluate optimal time, temperature and oxalic acid concentration for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of corncob particles by Pichia stipitis CBS 6054. Fifteen different conditions for pretreatment were examined in a 2(3) full factorial design with six axial points. Temperatures ranged from 132 to 180 degrees C, time from 10 to 90 min and oxalic acid loadings from 0.01 to 0.038 g/g solids. Separate maxima were found for enzymatic saccharification and hemicellulose fermentation, respectively, with the condition for maximum saccharification being significantly more severe. Ethanol production was affected by reaction temperature more than by oxalic acid and reaction time over the ranges examined. The effect of reaction temperature was significant at a 95% confidence level in its effect on ethanol production. Oxalic acid and reaction time were statistically significant at the 90% level. The highest ethanol concentration (20 g/l) was obtained after 48 h with an ethanol volumetric production rate of 0.42 g ethanol l(-1) h(-1). The ethanol yield after SSF with P. stipitis was significantly higher than predicted by sequential saccharification and fermentation of substrate pretreated under the same condition. This was attributed to the secretion of beta-glucosidase by P. stipitis. During SSF, free extracellular beta-glucosidase activity was 1.30 pNPG U/g with P. stipitis, while saccharification without the yeast was 0.66 pNPG U/g. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Jae-Won; Jeffries, Thomas W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Rodrigues, Rita C. L. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, EEL, Dept Biotecnol, DEBIQ,Escola Engn Lorena, BR-12600970 Lorena, SP, Brazil. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM twjeffri@wisc.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU Korean Government [KRF-2007-357-F00016]; CNPq, Brazil [200702/2006-8]; EdenIQ, Visalia, CA FX This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2007-357-F00016). Rita de C.L.B. Rodrigues gratefully acknowledges financial support by CNPq, Brazil, grant number 200702/2006-8. T.W. Jeffries acknowledges partial support for this research from EdenIQ, Visalia, CA. NR 18 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 100 IS 24 BP 6307 EP 6311 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.088 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 498NK UT WOS:000270147700024 PM 19660935 ER PT J AU Jiang, N Chen, JY Parikh, DV AF Jiang, N. Chen, J. Y. Parikh, D. V. TI Acoustical evaluation of carbonized and activated cotton nonwovens SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Activated carbon fiber; Nonwoven; Cotton; Noise absorption; Transmission loss ID NOISE ABSORPTION CAPACITY; CHARCOAL CLOTH; PHOSPHATE IMPREGNANTS; CELLULOSE FIBERS; SOUND-ABSORPTION; TUFTED CARPETS; DIOXIDE GAS; ADSORPTION AB An activated carbon fiber nonwoven (ACF) was manufactured from a cotton nonwoven fabric. For the ACF acoustic application, a nonwoven composite of ACF with cotton nonwoven as a base layer was developed. Also produced were the composites of the cotton nonwoven base layer with a layer of glassfiber nonwoven, and the cotton nonwoven base layer with a layer of cotton fiber nonwoven. Their noise absorption coefficients and sound transmission loss were measured using the Bruel and Kjaer impedance tube instrument. Statistical significance of the differences between the composites was tested using the method of Duncan's grouping. The study concluded that the ACF composite exhibited a greater ability to absorb normal incidence sound waves than the composites with either glassfiber or cotton fiber. The analysis of sound transmission loss revealed that the three composites still obeyed the mass law of transmission loss. The composite with the surface layer of cotton fiber nonwoven possessed a higher fabric density and therefore showed a better sound insulation than the composites with glassfiber and ACF. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, N.; Chen, J. Y.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Parikh, D. V.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Chen, JY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jychen2@austin.utexas.edu FU Governor's Biotechnology Initiative FX The authors would like to acknowledge their thanks to the Louisiana Board of Regents for the funding support through the Governor's Biotechnology Initiative. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 100 IS 24 BP 6533 EP 6536 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.062 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 498NK UT WOS:000270147700054 PM 19664919 ER PT J AU Rosentrater, KA Kongar, E AF Rosentrater, Kurt A. Kongar, Elif TI Modeling the effects of pelleting on the logistics of distillers grains shipping SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuels; DDGS; Distillers grains; Logistics; Simulation ID DRIED GRAINS; FLOW PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; SOLUBLES DDGS; BY-PRODUCTS; CORN; COPRODUCTS; ETHANOL; PIGS AB The energy security needs of energy importing nations continue to escalate. It is clear that biofuels can help meet some of the increasing need for energy. Theoretically, these can be produced from a variety of biological materials, including agricultural residues (such as corn stover and wheat straw), perennial grasses, legumes, algae, and other biological materials. Currently, however, the most heavily utilized material is corn starch. Industrial fuel ethanol production in the US primarily uses corn, because it is readily converted into fuel at a relatively low cost compared to other biomass sources. The production of corn-based ethanol in the US is dramatically increasing. As the industry continues to grow, the amount of byproducts and coproducts also increases. At the moment, the nonfermentable residues (which are dried and sold as distillers dried grains with solubles - DDGS) are utilized only as livestock feed. The sale of coproducts provides ethanol processors with a substantial revenue source and significantly increases the profitability of the production process. Even though these materials are used to feed animals in local markets, as the size and scope of the industry continues to grow, the need to ship large quantities of coproducts grows as well. This includes both domestic as well as international transportation. Value-added processing options offer the potential to increase the sustainability of each ethanol plant, and thus the industry overall. However, implementation of new technologies will be dependent upon how their costs interact with current processing costs and the logistics of coproduct deliveries. The objective of this study was to examine some of these issues by developing a computer model to determine potential cost ramifications of using various alternative technologies during ethanol processing. This paper focuses specifically on adding a densification unit operation (i.e., pelleting) to produce value-added DDGS at a fuel ethanol manufacturing plant. We have examined the economic implications of pelleting DDGS for varying DDGS production rates (100-1000 tons/d) and pelleting rates (0-100%), for a series of DDGS sales prices ($50-$200/ton). As the proportion of pelleting increases, the cost of transporting DDGS to distant markets drastically declines, because the rail cars can be filled to capacity. For example, at a DDGS sales price of $50/ton, 100% pelleting will reduce shipping costs (both direct and indirect) by 89% compared to shipping the DDGS in bulk form (i.e., no pelleting), whereas at a DDGS sales price of $200/ton, it will reduce costs by over 96%. It is clear that the sustainability of the ethanol industry can be improved by implementing pelleting technology for the coproducts, especially at those plants that ship their DDGS via rail. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Kongar, Elif] Univ Bridgeport, Dept Mech Engn, Sch Engn, Bridgeport, CT 06604 USA. [Kongar, Elif] Univ Bridgeport, Dept Technol Management, Sch Engn, Bridgeport, CT 06604 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov; kongar@bridgeport.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 100 IS 24 BP 6550 EP 6558 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.051 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 498NK UT WOS:000270147700057 PM 19683438 ER PT J AU Liu, K AF Liu, KeShun TI Fractionation of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) by sieving and winnowing SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Distillers grains; Sieving; Winnowing; Air separation; DDGS ID DRY FRACTIONATION; CORN; ETHANOL; FIBER AB Four commercial samples of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) were sieved. All sieved fractions except for the pan fraction, constituting about 90% of original mass, were then winnowed with an air blast seed cleaner. Sieving was effective in producing fractions with varying composition. As the particle size decreased, protein and ash contents increased, and total carbohydrate (CHO) decreased. Winnowing sieved fractions was also effective in shifting composition, particularly for larger particle classes. Heavy sub-fractions were enriched in protein, oil and ash, while light sub-fractions were enriched for CHO. For protein, the combination of the two procedures resulted in a maximum 56.4% reduction in a fraction and maximum 60.2% increase in another fraction. As airflow velocity increased, light sub-fraction mass increased, while the compositional difference between the heavy and light sub-fractions decreased. Winnowing three times at a lower velocity was as effective as winnowing one time at a medium velocity. Winnowing the whole DDGS was much less effective than winnowing sieved fractions in changing composition, but sieving winnowed fractions was more effective than sieving whole DDGS. The two combination sequences gave comparable overall effects but sieving followed by winnowing is recommended because it requires less time. Regardless of combinational sequence, the second procedure was more effective in shifting composition than the first procedure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Chem & Utilizat Lab, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 100 IS 24 BP 6559 EP 6569 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.053 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 498NK UT WOS:000270147700058 PM 19692227 ER PT J AU Liu, GE Ventura, M Cellamare, A Chen, L Cheng, Z Zhu, B Li, CJ Song, JZ Eichler, EE AF Liu, George E. Ventura, Mario Cellamare, Angelo Chen, Lin Cheng, Ze Zhu, Bin Li, Congjun Song, Jiuzhou Eichler, Evan E. TI Analysis of recent segmental duplications in the bovine genome SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COPY-NUMBER VARIATION; BROWN-NORWAY RAT; GENE FAMILY; CHROMOSOME EVOLUTION; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOUSE GENOME; BOS-TAURUS; SEQUENCE; CATTLE AB Background: Duplicated sequences are an important source of gene innovation and structural variation within mammalian genomes. We performed the first systematic and genome-wide analysis of segmental duplications in the modern domesticated cattle (Bos taurus). Using two distinct computational analyses, we estimated that 3.1% (94.4 Mb) of the bovine genome consists of recently duplicated sequences (>= 1 kb in length, >= 90% sequence identity). Similar to other mammalian draft assemblies, almost half (47% of 94.4 Mb) of these sequences have not been assigned to cattle chromosomes. Results: In this study, we provide the first experimental validation large duplications and briefly compared their distribution on two independent bovine genome assemblies using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Our analyses suggest that the (75-90%) of segmental duplications are organized into local tandem duplication clusters. Along with rodents and carnivores, these results now confidently establish tandem duplications as the most likely mammalian archetypical organization, in contrast to humans and great ape species which show a preponderance of interspersed duplications. A cross-species survey of duplicated genes and gene families indicated that duplication, positive selection and gene conversion have shaped primates, rodents, carnivores and ruminants to different degrees for their speciation and adaptation. We identified that bovine segmental duplications corresponding to genes are significantly enriched for specific biological functions such as immunity, digestion, lactation and reproduction. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in most mammalian lineages segmental duplications are organized in a tandem configuration. Segmental duplications remain problematic for genome and assembly and we highlight genic regions that require higher quality sequence characterization. This study provides insights into mammalian genome evolution and generates a valuable resource for cattle genomics research. C1 [Liu, George E.; Li, Congjun] ARS, USDA, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ventura, Mario; Cellamare, Angelo] Univ Bari, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Chen, Lin; Cheng, Ze; Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zhu, Bin] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Eichler, Evan E.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM george.liu@ars.usda.gov; m.ventura@biologia.uniba.it; a.cellamare@biologia.uniba.it; linchen2@u.washington.edu; ginger2@u.washington.edu; zhubin@umd.edu; congjun.li@ars.usda.gov; songj88@umd.edu; eee@gs.washington.edu RI Ventura, Mario/E-6420-2011; Zhu, Bin/E-4911-2010 OI Ventura, Mario/0000-0001-7762-8777; FU USDA CSREES [2007-35205-17869]; NIH [GM058815] FX We thank members of the Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analyses Consortium for open discussion and access to unpublished data. This work was supported in part by AFRI/NRI grant No. 2007-35205-17869 from USDA CSREES and by NIH grant GM058815 to EEE. EEE is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 62 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD DEC 1 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 571 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-571 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 535PT UT WOS:000272983400001 PM 19951423 ER PT J AU Kongprakhon, P Cuesta-Marcos, A Hayes, PM Richardson, KL Sirithunya, P Sato, K Steffenson, B Toojinda, T AF Kongprakhon, Phinyarat Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso Hayes, Patrick M. Richardson, Kelley L. Sirithunya, Pattama Sato, Kazuhiro Steffenson, Brian Toojinda, Theerayuth TI Validation of rice blast resistance genes in barley using a QTL mapping population and near-isolines SO BREEDING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rice blast; barley; resistance gene; QTL mapping; near-isolines ID POWDERY MILDEW; QUANTITATIVE RESISTANCE; STRIPE RUST; LEAF; DISEASE; CULTIVARS; RYEGRASS; LINES; LOCI; MLA AB There are prior reports of Pyricularia grisea-the causal agent of blast of rice-causing disease in barley. In order to determine the specificity of this resistance in barley, we extended our previous mapping efforts to include blast isolates from barley and rice grown in Thailand and we assessed two resistance phenotypes: leaf blast (LB) and neck blast (NB). The largest-effect resistance QTL, on chromosome I H, was associated with NB and LB and is located in a region rich in resistance genes, including QTL conferring resistance to stripe rust (incited by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) and the mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) resistance gene Mla. The LB, NB and mildew resistance alleles trace to one parent (Baronesse) whereas the stripe rust resistance allele traces to the other parent (BCD47) of the mapping population. Baronesse is the susceptible recurrent parent of a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for three stripe rust resistance QTL, including one on 1H. Unigene (EST) derived single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes of these NILs were aligned with the blast mapping population QTL using Mla as an anchor. Baronesse and all NILs without the 1H introgression were resistant to LB and NB. However, two NILs with the I H introgression were resistant to LB and NB. Both are resistant to stripe rust. Therefore, the QTL conferring resistance to stripe rust is separable by recombination from the blast resistance QTL. C1 [Cuesta-Marcos, Alfonso; Hayes, Patrick M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kongprakhon, Phinyarat] Kasetsart Univ Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Prov, Fac Nat Resources & Agro Ind, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand. [Richardson, Kelley L.] ARS, USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Sirithunya, Pattama] Rajamangala Univ Technol Lanna, Lampang Agr Res & Training Ctr, Lampang 52100, Thailand. [Sato, Kazuhiro] Okayama Univ, Res Inst Bioresources, Chuo Ku, Okayama 7100046, Japan. [Steffenson, Brian] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Toojinda, Theerayuth] Kasetsart Univ, Rice Gene Discovery Unit, Natl Res Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Nakhon Pathom 70340, Thailand. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM patrick.m.hayes@oregonstate.edu OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 FU Rice Gene Discovery Unit.. BIOTEC, Thailand; Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University; Commission on Higher Education; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722] FX Funding for this research was provided by Rice Gene Discovery Unit.. BIOTEC, Thailand and the Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University and the Commission on Higher Education. The SNP genotyping of the BISON lines was supported by USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No 2006-55606-16722 "Barley Coordinated Agricultural Project: Leveraging Genomics, Genetics, and Breeding for Gene Discovery and Barley Improvement". NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU JAPANESE SOC BREEDING PI TOKYO PA UNIV TOKYO, GRADUATE SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL LIFE SCIENCES, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-8657, JAPAN SN 1344-7610 EI 1347-3735 J9 BREEDING SCI JI Breed. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 59 IS 4 BP 341 EP 349 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 558PQ UT WOS:000274757300004 ER PT J AU Lizotte, RE Knight, SS Shields, FD Bryant, CT AF Lizotte, Richard E., Jr. Knight, Scott S. Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. Bryant, Charles T. TI Effects of an Atrazine, Metolachlor and Fipronil Mixture on Hyalella azteca (Saussure) in a Modified Backwater Wetland SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Floodplain wetland; Pesticide mixture ID TOXICITY; FATE AB We examined the toxicity mitigation efficiency of a hydrologically modified backwater wetland amended with a pesticide mixture of atrazine, metolachlor, and fipronil, using 96 h survival bioassays with Hyalella azteca. Significant H. azteca 96 h mortality occurred within the first 2 h of amendment at the upstream amendment site but not at any time at the downstream site. H. azteca survival varied spatially and temporally in conjunction with measured pesticide mixture concentrations. Hyalella azteca 96 h survival pesticide mixture effects concentrations ranges were 10.214-11.997, 5.822-6.658, 0.650-0.817, and 0.030-0.048 mu g L(-1) for atrazine, metolachlor, fipronil, and fipronil-sulfone, respectively. C1 [Lizotte, Richard E., Jr.; Knight, Scott S.; Shields, F. Douglas, Jr.; Bryant, Charles T.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Lizotte, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM richard.lizotte@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 83 IS 6 BP 836 EP 840 DI 10.1007/s00128-009-9850-1 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 521TV UT WOS:000271948100015 PM 19701594 ER PT J AU Weaver, CP Liang, XZ Zhu, J Adams, PJ Amar, P Avise, J Caughey, M Chen, J Cohen, RC Cooter, E Dawson, JP Gilliam, R Gilliland, A Goldstein, AH Grambsch, A Grano, D Guenther, A Gustafson, WI Harley, RA He, S Hemming, B Hogrefe, C Huang, HC Hunt, SW Jacob, DJ Kinney, PL Kunkel, K Lamarque, JF Lamb, B Larkin, NK Leung, LR Liao, KJ Lin, JT Lynn, BH Manomaiphiboon, K Mass, C McKenzie, D Mickley, LJ O'Neill, SM Nolte, C Pandis, SN Racherla, PN Rosenzweig, C Russell, AG Salathe, E Steiner, AL Tagaris, E Tao, Z Tonse, S Wiedinmyer, C Williams, A Winner, DA Woo, JH Wu, S Wuebbles, DJ AF Weaver, C. P. Liang, X. -Z. Zhu, J. Adams, P. J. Amar, P. Avise, J. Caughey, M. Chen, J. Cohen, R. C. Cooter, E. Dawson, J. P. Gilliam, R. Gilliland, A. Goldstein, A. H. Grambsch, A. Grano, D. Guenther, A. Gustafson, W. I. Harley, R. A. He, S. Hemming, B. Hogrefe, C. Huang, H. -C. Hunt, S. W. Jacob, D. J. Kinney, P. L. Kunkel, K. Lamarque, J. -F. Lamb, B. Larkin, N. K. Leung, L. R. Liao, K. -J. Lin, J. -T. Lynn, B. H. Manomaiphiboon, K. Mass, C. McKenzie, D. Mickley, L. J. O'Neill, S. M. Nolte, C. Pandis, S. N. Racherla, P. N. Rosenzweig, C. Russell, A. G. Salathe, E. Steiner, A. L. Tagaris, E. Tao, Z. Tonse, S. Wiedinmyer, C. Williams, A. Winner, D. A. Woo, J. -H. Wu, S. Wuebbles, D. J. TI A PRELIMINARY SYNTHESIS OF MODELED CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON US REGIONAL OZONE CONCENTRATIONS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; FUTURE CLIMATE; URBAN AREAS; EMISSIONS; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY C1 [Weaver, C. P.; Cooter, E.; Gilliam, R.; Gilliland, A.; Grambsch, A.; Grano, D.; Hemming, B.; Hunt, S. W.; Nolte, C.; Winner, D. A.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Liang, X. -Z.; Zhu, J.; Caughey, M.; Kunkel, K.; Lin, J. -T.; Tao, Z.; Williams, A.; Wuebbles, D. J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Adams, P. J.; Dawson, J. P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Amar, P.; He, S.] NE States Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA USA. [Avise, J.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Chen, J.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Cohen, R. C.; Goldstein, A. H.; Harley, R. A.; Steiner, A. L.; Tonse, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guenther, A.; Lamarque, J. -F.; Wiedinmyer, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gustafson, W. I.; Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hogrefe, C.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Huang, H. -C.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Lin, J. -T.; Mickley, L. J.; Wu, S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kinney, P. L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Lamb, B.] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Larkin, N. K.; McKenzie, D.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Liao, K. -J.; Manomaiphiboon, K.; Russell, A. G.; Tagaris, E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lynn, B. H.] Weather It Is Ltd, Efrat, Israel. [Mass, C.; Salathe, E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [O'Neill, S. M.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Portland, OR USA. [Pandis, S. N.] Univ Patras, Rion, Greece. [Racherla, P. N.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Iraklion, Crete, Greece. [Rosenzweig, C.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Woo, J. -H.] Konkuk Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Kunkel, K.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Weaver, CP (reprint author), US EPA, 8601-P,1200 Penn Ave, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM weaver.chris@epamail.epa.gov RI Adams, Peter/D-7134-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016; Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Mickley, Loretta/D-2021-2012; Tao, Zhining/E-1432-2012; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012; Pandis, Spyros/D-3680-2013; Steiner, Allison/F-4942-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Adams, Peter/0000-0003-0041-058X; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; Pandis, Spyros/0000-0001-8085-9795; Chen, Jack/0000-0002-3764-1149; Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Mickley, Loretta/0000-0002-7859-3470; Tao, Zhining/0000-0003-0608-712X; Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU EPA's National Center for Environmental Research FX The authors wish to thank the three anonymous reviewers whose comments helped lead to a significantly improved paper. In addition, CPW wishes to thank members of the Global Change Assessment staff in the National Center for Environmental Assessment for its many helpful discussions and comments throughout the development of this paper. As stated in the text, much of the research synthesized here was funded through the STAR grant program of EPA's National Center for Environmental Research. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Illinois State Water Survey, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, or any of the other institutions with which the authors are affiliated. NR 70 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 90 IS 12 BP 1843 EP 1863 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2568.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546SJ UT WOS:000273831400007 ER PT J AU Tonina, D Buffington, JM AF Tonina, Daniele Buffington, John M. TI A three-dimensional model for analyzing the effects of salmon redds on hyporheic exchange and egg pocket habitat SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; FALL CHINOOK SALMON; GRAVEL-BED STREAMS; SPAWNING HABITAT; FINE SEDIMENT; FLOW PATTERNS; BURIAL DEPTHS; RIVER; SURVIVAL; SURFACE AB A three-dimensional fluid dynamics model is developed to capture the spatial complexity of the effects of salmon redds on channel hydraulics, hyporheic exchange, and egg pocket habitat. We use the model to partition the relative influences of redd topography versus altered hydraulic Conductivity (winnowing of fines during spawning) oil egg pocket conditions for a simulated pool-riffle channel with a redd placed at the pool tail. Predictions show that altered hydraulic conductivity is the primary factor for enhancing hyporheic velocities and dissolved oxygen content within the egg pocket. Furthermore, the simulations indicate that redds induce hyporheic Circulation that is nested within that caused by pool-riffle topography and that spawning-related changes in hyporheic velocities and dissolved oxygen content Could create conditions Suitable for incubation in locations that otherwise Would be unfavorable (reinforcing the notion that salmonids actively modify their environment in ways that may be beneficial to their progeny). C1 [Tonina, Daniele] Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Buffington, John M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Tonina, D (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, 322 E Front St,Suite 340, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM dtonina@uidaho.edu RI Tonina, Daniele/I-7688-2012 OI Tonina, Daniele/0000-0002-1866-1013 FU US Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education [P116Z010107]; US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station [03-JV-11222014-060] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (P116Z010107) and by the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (03-JV-11222014-060). We thank Bruce Rieman for thoughtful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript, Russ Thurow for his advice on redd characteristics, and Nick Scheidt for field assistance. Additionally, we thank four anonymous reviewers and the assistant editor for comments that improved the paper. NR 82 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 66 IS 12 BP 2157 EP 2173 DI 10.1139/F09-146 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 541MG UT WOS:000273419200011 ER PT J AU Anderson, PD Meleason, MA AF Anderson, Paul D. Meleason, Mark A. TI Discerning responses of down wood and understory vegetation abundance to riparian buffer width and thinning treatments: an equivalence-inequivalence approach SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; DENSITY MANAGEMENT; HEADWATER STREAMS; TIMBER HARVEST; YOUNG; MICROCLIMATE; HABITATS AB The combined effectiveness of thinning and riparian buffers for increasing structural complexity while maintaining riparian function in second-growth forests is not well documented. We surveyed down wood and vegetation cover along transects from stream center, through buffers ranging from <5 to 150 m width into thinned stands, patch openings, or unthinned stands of 40- to 65-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests in western Oregon, USA. Small-wood cover became more homogeneous among stream reaches within 5 years following thinning, primarily due to decreases for reaches having the greatest pretreatment abundance. Mean shrub cover converged, predominantly because of decreases in patch openings. Herbaceous cover increased, particularly in patch openings. Relative to unthinned stands, herbaceous cover was similar in wide buffers and increased in the narrowest buffers and in narrow buffers adjacent to patch openings. Moss cover tended to increase in thinned areas and decrease in patch openings. Both conventional point-null hypothesis tests and inequivalence tests suggested that wood and vegetation responses within buffers of >= 15 m width were insensitive to the treatments. However, inherently conservative equivalence tests infrequently inferred similarity between thinned stands or buffers and untreated stands. Difficulties defining ecologically important effect size can limit the inferential utility of equivalence-inequivalance testing. C1 [Anderson, Paul D.; Meleason, Mark A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Anderson, PD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM pdanderson@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; USDI BLM Oregon State Office [HA-101-0010] FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station and the USDI BLM Oregon State Office agreement HA-101-0010. We thank Samuel Chan for initiating the study; Dan Mikowski, Howard Weatherly, Valerie Banner, Jon Sewell, and Emmalie Goodwin for their assistance in data collection and management; Kathryn Ronnenberg for her editing; and Graham McBride, Janet Ohmann, Pat Cunningham, Philip Dixon, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2470 EP 2485 DI 10.1139/X09-151 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 541MA UT WOS:000273418600018 ER PT J AU Bumgardner, M Nicholls, D Barber, V AF Bumgardner, Matthew Nicholls, David Barber, Valerie TI Character-marked furniture made from red alder harvested in southeast Alaska: product perspectives from consumers and retailers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PREFERENCES; INFORMATION; HARDWOOD; CABINETS; PRICE AB In recent decades, red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) has become an important Pacific Northwest hardwood in appearance-grade lumber markets, such as exports, furniture, and cabinets. However, red alder generally is a short-lived pioneer species, and small logs can result in proportionally large volumes of lower grade lumber containing numerous visual defects, such as knots, often referred to as character marks. Given that markets for character-marked wood could provide an income stream for management of red alder, it becomes important to understand consumer and retailer response to character-marked red alder products. In the current study, we used a policy capturing approach (the lens model) to assess the cues used by furniture consumers and retailers to evaluate several furniture pieces constructed from character-marked red alder lumber. The cues used by consumers and retailers to form willingness-to-pay judgments were found to be different. Character marks, design, and naturalness were important to consumers. None of the investigated cues were significant to retailers, suggesting they were using an entirely different model. Such divergence creates challenges in the forestry supply chain for development of new forest products. C1 [Nicholls, David] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Bumgardner, Matthew] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Barber, Valerie] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Forest Prod Program, Palmer Res & Extens Stn, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Nicholls, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 204 Siginaka Way, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. EM dlnicholls@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service,; Pacific Northwest and Northern Research Stations; University of Alaska - Fairbanks FX Support for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest and Northern Research Stations, as well as the University of Alaska - Fairbanks. Use of trade names in this manuscript does not constitute endorsement of any product or service. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2450 EP 2459 DI 10.1139/X09-154 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 541MA UT WOS:000273418600016 ER PT J AU Krueger, LM Peterson, CJ Royo, A Carson, WP AF Krueger, Lisa M. Peterson, Chris J. Royo, Alejandro Carson, Walter P. TI Evaluating relationships among tree growth rate, shade tolerance, and browse tolerance following disturbance in an eastern deciduous forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; HARDWOOD FOREST; SAPLING GROWTH; IMPACT; REGENERATION; MORTALITY; SEEDLINGS AB Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among woody species are considered a primary driving force underlying forest succession. However, variation in shade tolerance may be only one of many interspecific differences that cause species turnover. For example, tree species may differ in their sensitivity to herbivory. Nonetheless, existing conceptual models of forest dynamics rarely explicitly consider the impact of herbivores. We examined whether browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann) alters the relationship between light availability and plant performance. We monitored growth and survival for seedlings of six woody species over 2 years within six windthrow gaps and the nearby intact forest in the presence and absence of deer. Browsing decreased seedling growth for all species except beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). More importantly, browsing altered growth rankings among species. Increased light availability enhanced growth for three species when excluded from deer, but browsing obscured these relationships. Browsing also reduced survival for three species; however, survival rankings did not significantly differ between herbivory treatments. Our results indicated that browsing and light availability operated simultaneously to influence plant growth within these forests. Thus, existing models of forest dynamics may make inaccurate predictions of the timing and composition of species reaching the canopy, unless they can account for how plant performance varies as a result of a variety of environmental factors, including herbivory. C1 [Krueger, Lisa M.; Peterson, Chris J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Royo, Alejandro] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. [Carson, Walter P.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Krueger, LM (reprint author), Fairchild Trop Bot Garden, Ctr Trop Plant Conservat, 11935 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM lkrueger@fairchildgarden.org RI Carson, Walter/A-2569-2013 FU Plant Biology Department; University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia FX The authors thank the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station in Warren, Pennsylvania, for data concerning deer populations at the study sites in the ANF and Dr. Lawrence Krueger, Joe Rodriguez, Jennie Osborne, and Cassandra Bruno for assistance in the field. We also thank Tom Pendergast for his comments concerning this manuscript. Funding for this study was provided by the Plant Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 33 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2460 EP 2469 DI 10.1139/X09-155 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 541MA UT WOS:000273418600017 ER PT J AU Regassa, LB Murphy, AC Zarzuela, AB Jandhyam, HL Bostick, DS Bates, CR Gasparich, GE Whitcomb, RF French, FE AF Regassa, Laura B. Murphy, April C. Zarzuela, Alexander B. Jandhyam, Haritha L. Bostick, David S. Bates, C. Ryan Gasparich, Gail E. Whitcomb, Robert F. French, Frank E. TI An Australian environmental survey reveals moderate Spiroplasma biodiversity: characterization of four new serogroups and a continental variant SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spiroplasma; serology; biodiversity; mollicute; Tabanidae ID REVISED GROUP CLASSIFICATION; GENUS SPIROPLASMA; CLASS MOLLICUTES; SP. NOV; DIPTERA TABANIDAE; PATHOGENICITY; INFERENCE; INSECTS; FLOWERS; MRBAYES AB An environmental survey of tabanid host spiroplasma carriage was undertaken at 10 collection sites in Australia during February 1999. A total of 164 tabanid flies, representing 27 species, were collected and sustainable spiroplasma isolations were made from 48 of the flies. The morphology of the cultured spiroplasmas, as observed in MID medium under dark-field microscopy, was typical of either (i) Apis group spiroplasmas (relatively thick cells (similar to 150 nm) with six or more turns) or (ii) chrysopicola-syrphidicola-TAAS-1 clade spiroplasmas (narrower, often much shorter cells) serologically related to Spiroplasma serogroup VIII. Repetitive serological analyses. involving successive rounds of dilution cloning and serological reevaluation, identified one serotype referable to the Spiroplasma serogroup VIII strain complex and five putative members of the Apis clade. Apis clade placement for these five groups was verified using 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyses. Among the Apis clade members, one serotype representing I I isolates was identified as a geographic variant of Spiroplasma turonicum. Spiroplasma turonicum (Tab4C) was originally isolated from a tabanid Haematopoda sp. in France. The other 34 isolates represented four new serogroups (= putative species), The following strains are proposed as representatives of the new serogroups: strain GSU5478 (group XXXIX), strain GSU5490 (group XL), strain GSU5508 (group XLI), and strain GSU5603 (group XLII). In summary, six serogroups were observed from isolations originating from seven distinct sample sites in Australia. Surprisingly, the serotype with the greatest geographical range (five sites from 16 degrees 48.9'S to 35 degrees 40.0'S) and the greatest host diversity (nine species over three genera) was the geographic variant of S. turonicum, which had only been reported previously in France. C1 [Regassa, Laura B.; Murphy, April C.; Zarzuela, Alexander B.; Jandhyam, Haritha L.; Bostick, David S.; Bates, C. Ryan; French, Frank E.] Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Gasparich, Gail E.] Towson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Whitcomb, Robert F.] USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Regassa, LB (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM LRegassa@GeorgiaSouthem.edu FU Georgia Southern University; National Geographic Society [6183-98]; United States Department of Agriculture [58-3K47-0-007]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0481430] FX We gratefully acknowledge Greg Daniels (Curator, Insect Collections, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia) for critical logistical assistance. We thank James H. Oliver and Craig Banks (Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia) for support with antiscra preparation and Tammie E. Young, Michael J. Gutierrez, and Amanda E. Slider for laboratory assistance. This work was funded by Georgia Southern University, the National Geographic Society (No. 6183-98) (F.E. French), the United States Department of Agriculture (No. 58-3K47-0-007) (F.E. French), and the National Science Foundation (DEB-0481430) (L.B. Regassa). NR 45 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 55 IS 12 BP 1347 EP 1354 DI 10.1139/W09-097 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 541MC UT WOS:000273418800002 PM 20029526 ER PT J AU Siegel, DS Aldridge, RD Clark, CS Poldemann, EH Gribbins, KM AF Siegel, D. S. Aldridge, R. D. Clark, C. S. Poldemann, E. H. Gribbins, K. M. TI Stress and reproduction in Boiga irregularis with notes on the ultrastructure of the sexual segment of the kidney in squamates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE; COTTONMOUTH SNAKE; MALE COPPERHEADS; GROUND SKINK; LIZARDS; GUAM; CONFINEMENT; SCINCIDAE; VIPERIDAE; REPTILIA AB The reproductive tract of wild-caught male Boiga irregularis (Merrem, 1802) (Brown Treesnake) and the changes that result in these tissues from captivity are described. Wild-caught snakes were compared with snakes kept in captivity and sacrificed at approximately 10, 30, 50, and 60+ days. Snakes sacrificed after 10 days in captivity showed no differences in histological appearance or epithelial height in either the testis or sexual segment of the kidney (SSK) compared with wild snakes. Normal spermatogenic stages and SSK ultrastructure were observed in the testes and kidney from wild specimens and captive specimens after 10 days. In terms of the SSK, large electron-dense secretory vacuoles occupied the apices of the epithelial cells, while a basal nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies filled the bases of these cells. All SSK cells were actively secretory in a mode that could most accurately be termed apocrine. At time of secretion, released vacuoles become diffuse and the apical membrane ruptures, spilling the SSK contents into the distal nephron lumen. Between 10 and 30 days in captivity, spermatogenesis and secretion in the SSK ceased and the epithelial height of both tissues decreased. At approximately 60 days, testicular epithelial height increased and spermatogenic activity was reestablished. The SSK, however, remained regressed at 60 days. C1 [Siegel, D. S.; Aldridge, R. D.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Clark, C. S.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Barrigada, GU USA. [Poldemann, E. H.; Gribbins, K. M.] Wittenberg Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. RP Siegel, DS (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, 3507 Laclede Ave, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM dsiegel2@slu.edu NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1138 EP 1146 DI 10.1139/Z09-103 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 541MF UT WOS:000273419100004 ER PT J AU Horton, JL Clinton, BD Walker, JF Beier, CM Nilsen, ET AF Horton, Jonathan L. Clinton, Barton D. Walker, John F. Beier, Colin M. Nilsen, Erik T. TI Variation in Soil and Forest Floor Characteristics Along Gradients of Ericaceous, Evergreen Shrub Cover in the Southern Appalachians SO CASTANEA LA English DT Article ID RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM THICKETS; CANOPY TREE SEEDLINGS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; KALMIA-ANGUSTIFOLIA; LIGHT ENVIRONMENT; LONG-TERM; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION; SURVIVAL; HETEROGENEITY AB Ericaceous shrubs can influence soil properties in many ecosystems. In this study, we examined how soil and forest floor properties vary among sites with different ericaceous evergreen shrub basal area in the southern Appalachian mountains. We randomly located plots along transects that included open understories and understories with varying amounts of Rhododendron maximum (rosebay rhododendron) and Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) at three sites. The three sites were a mid-elevation ridge, a low-elevation cove, and a high-elevation southwest-facing slope. Basal area of R. maximum was more correlated with soil properties of the forest floor than was K. latifolia. Increasing R. maximum basal area was correlated with increasing mass of lower quality litter and humus as indicated by higher C:N ratios. Moreover, this correlation supports our prediction that understory evergreen shrubs may have considerable effect on forest floor resource heterogeneity in mature stands. C1 [Horton, Jonathan L.; Walker, John F.; Beier, Colin M.; Nilsen, Erik T.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Horton, Jonathan L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Clinton, Barton D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Horton, JL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jhorton@unca.edu FU USDA-NRI [99-35101-7778] FX This study was funded under USDA-NRI grant # 99-35101-7778. The authors would like to thank D. DiStefano, B. Hacker, and I. Von Hoff for help in data collection and the personnel of the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory for facilitating the project. The authors would like to thank several anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 18 PU SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BOTANICAL SOC, NEWBERRY COLL PI NEWBERRY PA DEPT BIOLOGY, C/O CHARLES N HORN, SECRETARY-TREASURER, 2100 COLLEGE ST, NEWBERRY, SC 29108 USA SN 0008-7475 J9 CASTANEA JI Castanea PD DEC PY 2009 VL 74 IS 4 BP 340 EP 352 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 544XI UT WOS:000273693300003 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP AF French, Alfred D. Johnson, Glenn P. TI Cellulose and the twofold screw axis: modeling and experimental arguments SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Helix shape; Carbohydrate conformation; Computational chemistry; Ramachandran map; Space group; Helical chirality ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; I-BETA; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; CELLOBIOSE; MONOHYDRATE AB Crystallography indicates that molecules in crystalline cellulose either have twofold screw-axis (2(1)) symmetry or closely approximate it, leading to short distances between H4 and H1' across the glycosidic linkage. Therefore, modeling studies of cellobiose often show elevated energies for 2(1) structures, and experimental observations are often interpreted in terms of intramolecular strain. Also, some computer models of cellulose crystallites have an overall twist as well as twisted individual chains, again violating 2(1) symmetry. To gain insight on the question of inherent strain in 2(1) structures, modeling was employed and crystal structures of small molecules were surveyed. (Residues in a disaccharide cannot be related by 2(1) symmetry because they are not identical but if their linkage geometry would lead to 2(1) symmetry for an infinite cellulose chain, the disaccharide would have 2(1) pseudo symmetry.) Several initial structures in quantum mechanics (QM) studies of cellobiose minimized to structures having 2(1) pseudo symmetry. Similarly, a number of relevant small molecules in experimental crystal structures have pseudo symmetry. While the QM models of cellobiose with 2(1) pseudo symmetry had inter-residue hydrogen bonding, the experimental studies included cellotriose undecaacetate, a molecule that cannot form conventional hydrogen bonds. Limitations in characterizing symmetry based on the linkage torsion angles I center dot and psi were also explored. It is concluded that 2(1) structures have little intrinsic strain, despite indications from empirical models. C1 [French, Alfred D.; Johnson, Glenn P.] Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70174 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70174 USA. EM Al.French@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service, CRIS [44000-6435-070-00D] FX This work was funded by normal research funding from the Agricultural Research Service, CRIS project 44000-6435-070-00D. We thank Professor Carlos Stortz, Dr. Michael Santiago Cintro n and Dr. James Rodgers for helpful comments on the paper. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 959 EP 973 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9347-4 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 527NK UT WOS:000272373600002 ER PT J AU Corella, D Ordovas, JM AF Corella, Dolores Ordovas, Jose M. TI Nutrigenomics in Cardiovascular Medicine SO CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular diseases; genetics; lipoproteins; nutrition; prevention; Nutrigenomics ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN; HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE; HDL-CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; BODY-MASS INDEX; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS; SATURATED-FAT C1 [Corella, Dolores; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. [Corella, Dolores] Univ Valencia, Sch Med, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr Initiat ISCIII, Valencia, Spain. [Ordovas, Jose M.] CNIC, Dept Cardiovasc Epidemiol & Populat Genet, Madrid, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [U 01 HL72524, HL-54776]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [DK075030]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain [PI070954, CNIC06, CIBER CB06/03/0035] FX This work was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants U 01 HL72524 and HL-54776, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease grant DK075030, contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service, and grants PI070954, CNIC06, and CIBER CB06/03/0035 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. NR 120 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1942-325X J9 CIRC-CARDIOVASC GENE JI Circ.-Cardiovasc. Genet. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 2 IS 6 BP 637 EP 651 DI 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.109.891366 PG 15 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Genetics & Heredity SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 574HI UT WOS:000275979600015 PM 20031645 ER PT J AU Mader, TL Frank, KL Harrington, JA Hahn, GL Nienaber, JA AF Mader, Terry L. Frank, Katrina L. Harrington, John A., Jr. Hahn, G. Leroy Nienaber, John A. TI Potential climate change effects on warm-season livestock production in the Great Plains SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; HEAT-STRESS; RESPONSES; KANSAS AB Projected production responses were derived for confined swine and beef and for milk-producing dairy cattle based on climate change projections in daily ambient temperature. Milk production from dairy cattle and the number of days to grow swine and beef cattle were simulated. Values were obtained for three central United States transects and three climate scenarios which were based on projected mean daily ambient temperatures associated with a baseline, doubling, and tripling of atmospheric greenhouse gas (CO(2)) levels for the period June 1 to October 31. For swine, a slight northwest to southeast gradient is evident. Transect 1 (west side) shows no losses under the doubling scenario and losses up to 22.4% under the tripling scenario. Transect 3 (east side) displays losses of over 70% under the tripling scenario. For beef, positive benefits were simulated in Transect 1 with increasing temperatures, although a northwest to southeast gradient was also evident. For dairy, no positive benefits in milk production were found due to climate effects. Projected production declines ranged from 1% to 7.2%, depending on location. However, ranges in predicted differences were less than those simulated for beef and swine. These simulations suggest regional differences in animal production due to climate change will be apparent. For small changes in climate conditions, animals will likely be able to adapt, while larger changes in climate conditions will likely dictate that management strategies be implemented. Exploration of the effects of climate changes on livestock should allow producers to adjust management strategies to reduce potential impact and economic losses due to environmental changes. C1 [Mader, Terry L.] Univ Nebraska, NE Res & Extens Ctr, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [Frank, Katrina L.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geog, Ctr Climat Res, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Harrington, John A., Jr.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Geog, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Hahn, G. Leroy; Nienaber, John A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Mader, TL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, NE Res & Extens Ctr, 57905 866 Rd, Concord, NE 68728 USA. EM tmader1@unl.edu FU National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) through the United States Department of Energy [DE-FC03-90ER61010]; University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division FX This research was funded wholly or in part by the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC) through the United States Department of Energy (Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC03-90ER61010). Funding was partially provided through the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD DEC PY 2009 VL 97 IS 3-4 BP 529 EP 541 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9615-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 522VN UT WOS:000272027500013 ER PT J AU Toka, FN Nfon, C Dawson, H Golde, WT AF Toka, Felix N. Nfon, Charles Dawson, Harry Golde, William T. TI Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction during Acute Infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; NK-CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; T-CELLS; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; PERFORIN EXPRESSION; SURFACE EXPRESSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DOWN-REGULATION AB Natural killer (NK) cells provide one of the initial barriers of cellular host defense against pathogens, in particular intracellular pathogens. The role of these cells in foot-and-mouth disease virus ( FMDV) infection is unknown. Previously, we characterized the phenotype and function of NK cells from swine (F.N. Toka et al., J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 29: 179-192, 2009). In the present study, we report the analysis of NK cells isolated from animals infected with FMDV and tested ex vivo and show that NK-dependent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells as targets was impaired. More relevantly to this infection, the killing of target cells infected with FMDV also was inhibited. Further, the proportion of NK cells capable of producing gamma interferon and storing perforin was reduced. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from infected animals are not productively infected, but virus exposure in vivo resulted in the significant induction of NKp30 and Toll-like receptor 3 expression and the moderate activation of SOCS3 and interleukin-15 receptor mRNA. However, there was little alteration of mRNA expression from a number of other receptor genes in these cells, including SH2D1B and NKG2A ( inhibitory) as well as NKp80, NKp46, and NKG2D ( activating). These data indicate that this virus infection influences the ability of NK cells to recognize and eliminate FMDV-infected cells. In addition, a reduction in NK cell cytotoxicity coincided with the increase in virus titers, indicating the virus blocking of NK cell-associated innate responses, albeit temporarily. These effects likely culminate in brief but effective viral immune evasion, allowing the virus to replicate and disseminate within the host. C1 [Toka, Felix N.; Nfon, Charles; Golde, William T.] ARS, PIADC, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Toka, Felix N.] Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Preclin Sci, Warsaw, Poland. [Dawson, Harry] ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Golde, WT (reprint author), ARS, PIADC, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM william.golde@ars.usda.gov RI Toka, Felix/C-4853-2011; Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU CRIS [1940-32000-052-00D, 1235-51000-051-00]; Agricultural Research Service, USDA [60-1940-8-037] FX This work was supported by CRIS 1940-32000-052-00D ( W. T. G.) and 1235-51000-051-00 ( H. D.) from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, and interagency agreement number 60-1940-8-037 between the Department of Homeland Security, Science, and Technology Directorate and the USDA ( W. T. G.). NR 58 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 16 IS 12 BP 1738 EP 1749 DI 10.1128/CVI.00280-09 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 524QG UT WOS:000272157200004 PM 19828769 ER PT J AU Parnell, LD AF Parnell, Laurence D. TI Gene-environment interactions and the impact on obesity and lipid profile phenotypes SO CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Parnell, LD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM laurence.parnell@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1758-4299 J9 CLIN LIPIDOL JI Clin. Lipidol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 4 IS 6 BP 687 EP 690 DI 10.2217/CLP.09.69 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 532XA UT WOS:000272782500002 ER PT J AU Triplehorn, CA Thomas, DB Riley, EG AF Triplehorn, Charles A. Thomas, Donald B. Riley, Edward G. TI THE GENUS ELEODES ESCHSCHOLTZ (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) IN TEXAS SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EASTERN WASHINGTON; BEETLES COLEOPTERA AB False wireworms are larvae of the darkling beetle genus Eleodes Eschscholtz, some of which are agricultural pests of dryland wheat. Because of the large number of species in the genus (approximately 235), identifications can be problematic. Hence, regional keys are of great utility. Within the state of Texas a total of 31 species are known to occur: E. acutus, E arcuatus, E. carbonarius, E. caudiferus, E. debilis, E. delicatus, E. dissimilis, E. easterlai, E extricatus, E. fusiformis, E. goryi, E. gracilis, E. hispilabris, E. knullorum, E. labialis, E longicollis, E. mirabilis, E. neomexicanus, E. nigrinus, E. obscurus, E. opacus, E. pedinoides, E. spiculiferus, E. spinipes, E. sponsus, E. striolatus, E. suturalis, E. tenuipes, E. tricostatus, E veterator, and E. wenzeli. Herein we provide a key with illustrations and a brief diagnosis for the adult of each Texas species, along with notes on ecology, distribution, and pest status. C1 [Triplehorn, Charles A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thomas, Donald B.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Riley, Edward G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Triplehorn, CA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Entomol, 1735 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM ctriplhrn@aol.com; donald.thomas@ars.usda.gov; egrchryso@tamu.edu NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 413 EP 437 DI 10.1649/1177.1 PG 25 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 540XB UT WOS:000273373200003 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Catangui, MA Losey, JE Helbig, JB Mesman, A AF Hesler, L. S. Catangui, M. A. Losey, J. E. Helbig, J. B. Mesman, A. TI RECENT RECORDS OF ADALIA BIPUNCTATA (L.), COCCINELLA TRANSVERSOGUTTATA RICHARDSONI BROWN, AND COCCINELLA NOVEMNOTATA HERBST (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) FROM SOUTH DAKOTA AND NEBRASKA SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LADY BEETLE; NORTH-AMERICA; NATIVE COCCINELLIDS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; UNITED-STATES; ABUNDANCE; EASTERN; ALFALFA; GENERA AB Adalia bipunciata (L.), Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown, and C. novemnotata Herbst (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were previously common throughout much of North America, but their numbers have declined drastically over the last few decades. This paper reports on recent findings of these species at nine sites in western South Dakota and western Nebraska in 2008. Nine A. bipunctata, 11 C. transversoguttata richardsoni, and 12 C. novemnotata were among 930 coccinellids sampled overall. An additional C. transversoguttata richardsoni was among coccinellids captured on a sticky trap in a wheat field during survey for cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), in Butte, County, South Dakota in 2000. In several instances, adult C. transversoguttata richardsoni and C. novemnotata were observed on plants with other coccinellids, especially Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, a native species, and Coccinella septempunctata L., it non-native species. Coccinella septempunctata wits observed feeding upon two native aphids, Aphis helianthi Monell and Uroleucon atripes (Gillette and Palmer), providing additional records of predation by this coccinellid on non-target, native prey. Results are discussed with respect to other recent discoveries of A. bipunctata, C. transversoguttala richardsoni, and C. novemnotata and in relation to future research and conservation efforts. C1 [Hesler, L. S.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Catangui, M. A.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Losey, J. E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Helbig, J. B.; Mesman, A.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Pierre, SD 57501 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Agr Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM louis.hesler@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey, USDA-ARS CRIS [5447-21220-001-00D]; National Science Foundation FX We thank the National Park Service, Oglala Sioux Tribe, Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge, Panhandle Research and Extension Center-University of Nebraska, and Myron Williams for permission to sample for coccinellids on their lands. Thanks to John Rickertsen for allowing us to sample in his winter wheat field. J. T. Vogt, Jeff Willers and Scott Samson graciously assisted in developing the map. We thank Paul J. Johnson and Brett Ratcliffe for allowing us access to the coccinellid collections at their respective institutions. Eric Beckendorf, Josh Kiesow, and Benjamin Losey helped sample for coccinellids and record data. Sara Ackman and Sara Haberling assisted in processing specimens and recording data. Gary Larson identified plants and Doris Lagos identified aphids. Robert Manasek and Jim Schild kindly suggested some sample sites in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. Doug Backlund, Robert Kieckhefer, Eric Beckendorf, and Lauren Hesler reviewed drafts of this paper. Research was supported by funding through the USDA Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey, USDA-ARS CRIS Project Number 5447-21220-001-00D, and the National Science Foundation. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, 413 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BUILDING, ATHENS, GA 30602-2603 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 63 IS 4 BP 475 EP 484 DI 10.1649/1189.1 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 540XB UT WOS:000273373200010 ER PT J AU Small, BC Quiniou, SMA Kaiya, H AF Small, Brian C. Quiniou, Sylvie M. A. Kaiya, Hiroyuki TI Sequence, genomic organization and expression of two channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, ghrelin receptors SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catfish; Gene organization; Ghrelin; Ghrelin receptor; Growth hormone secretagogue-receptor; Sequence; Expression ID HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; GROWTH-HORMONE; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; (GHS-R)-LIKE RECEPTOR; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PROLACTIN-RELEASE; NATURAL GHRELIN; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Two ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) genes were isolated from channel catfish tissue and a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. The two receptors were characterized by determining tissue distribution, ontogeny of receptor mRNA expression, and effects of exogenous homologous ghrelin administration on target tissue mRNA expression. Analysis of sequence similarities indicated two genes putatively encoding GHS-R1 and GHS-R2, respectively, which have been known to be present in zebrafish. Organization and tissue expression of the GHS-R1 gene was similar to that reported for other species, and likewise yielded two detectable mRNA products as a result of alternative splicing. Expression of both full-length, GHS-R1 a, and splice variant, GHS-R1b, mRNA was highest in the pituitary. Gene organization of GHS-R2 was similar to GHS-R1, but no splice variant was identified. Expression of GHS-R2a mRNA was highest in the Brockmann bodies. GHS-R1a mRNA was detected in unfertilized eggs and throughout embryogenesis, whereas GHR-R2a mRNA was not expressed in unfertilized eggs or early developing embryos and was the highest at the time of hatching. Catfish intraperitoneally injected with catfish ghrelin-Gly had greater mRNA expression of GHS-R la in pituitaries at 2 h and Brockmann bodies at 4 h, and of GHS-R2a in Brockmann bodies at 6 h post injection. Amidated catfish ghrelin (ghrelin-amide) had no observable effect on expression of either pituitary receptor; however, GHS-R1a and GHS-R2a mRNA expression levels were increased 4 h post injection of ghrelin-amide in Brockmann bodies. This is the first characterization of GHS-R2a and suggests regulatory and functional differences between the two catfish receptors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Small, Brian C.; Quiniou, Sylvie M. A.] USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Kaiya, Hiroyuki] Natl Cardiovasc Ctr, Res Inst, Dept Biochem, Osaka 5658565, Japan. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Brian.Small@ars.usda.gov RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010; Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X; NR 40 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1095-6433 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS A JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 154 IS 4 BP 451 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.027 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physiology; Zoology GA 515UT UT WOS:000271499100003 PM 19703578 ER PT J AU Cates, EA Connor, EE Mosser, DM Bannerman, DD AF Cates, Elizabeth A. Connor, Erin E. Mosser, David M. Bannerman, Douglas D. TI Functional characterization of bovine TIRAP and MyD88 in mediating bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial NF-kappa B activation and apoptosis SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Apoptosis; Bovine; Endothelial cell; Endotoxin; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Lipopolysaccharide; Toll-like receptor ID INHIBITORY PROTEIN FLIP; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; SEPTIC SHOCK; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; ADAPTER MOLECULE; SEVERE SEPSIS; CELLS; ENDOTOXIN; RECOGNITION AB Mastitis is a prevalent disease in dairy cows. Gram-negative bacteria, which express the pro-inflammatory molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are responsible for the majority of acute clinical cases of mastitis. Previous studies have identified differential susceptibility of human and bovine endothelial cells (EC) to the pro-inflammatory and injury-inducing effects of LIPS. The Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling pathway, which is activated by LPS, has been well studied in humans, but not in ruminants. Human myeloid differentiation-factor 88 (MyD88) and TIR-domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) are critical proteins in the LPS-induced NF-kappa B and apoptotic signaling pathways. To assess the role of the bovine orthologs of these proteins in bovine TLR-4 signaling, dominant-negative constructs were expressed in bovine EC, and LPS-induced NF-kappa B activation and apoptosis evaluated. The results from this study indicate that bovine MyD88 and TIRAP play functional roles in transducing LPS signaling from TLR-4 to downstream effector molecules involved in NF-kappa B activation, and that TIRAP promotes apoptotic signaling. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cates, Elizabeth A.; Connor, Erin E.; Bannerman, Douglas D.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cates, Elizabeth A.; Mosser, David M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bannerman, DD (reprint author), ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM douglas.bannerman@ars.usda.gov RI Mosser, David/I-6697-2016; OI Mosser, David/0000-0002-9503-4187; GONZALEZ, ELIZABETH/0000-0002-6379-2354 FU National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35204-16028] FX The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (grant#: 2005-35204-16028). Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 32 IS 6 BP 477 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.06.001 PG 14 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 491SI UT WOS:000269599300002 PM 18760477 ER PT J AU Saxena, A Elder, TJ Pan, S Ragauskas, AJ AF Saxena, Amit Elder, Thomas J. Pan, Shaobo Ragauskas, Arthur J. TI Novel nanocellulosic xylan composite film SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Xylan; Film; Cellulose whiskers; Strength; Nanocomposites ID CELLULOSE WHISKERS; MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; KRAFT PULP; BEHAVIOR; POLY(OXYETHYLENE); NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOCRYSTALS; SUSPENSION; SURFACE AB Nanocellulosic-xylan films were prepared employing oat spelt xylan, cellulose whiskers and a plasticizer. The mechanical properties of the films were evaluated using tensile testing under controlled temperature and humidity conditions. The tensile data showed that the addition of sulfonated cellulose whiskers lead to a substantial improvement in strength properties. Addition of 7 wt% of sulfonated whiskers increased the tensile energy absorption of xylan films by 445% and the tensile strength of the film by 141%. Furthermore, films to which 7% cellulose whiskers were added showed that nanocellulose whiskers produced with sulfuric acid (sulfonated whiskers) were significantly better at increasing film strength than cellulose whiskers produced by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of cellulosic fibers. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saxena, Amit; Pan, Shaobo; Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Elder, Thomas J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. [Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Chalmers, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Ragauskas, AJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, 500 10th St, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM arthur.ragauskas@chemistry.gatech.edu OI Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU IPST; Gunnar Nicholson Foundation FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the member companies of IPST at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the IPST Fellowship. Portions of this work are being used by Amit Saxena as partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. in Chemistry from the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the Georgia Institute of Technology. AJR also wishes to thank the Gunnar Nicholson Foundation for support of his research efforts while at Chalmers University of Technology. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 40 IS 8 BP 727 EP 730 DI 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.05.003 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 522SE UT WOS:000272018000005 ER PT J AU Chazdon, RL Peres, CA Dent, D Sheil, D Lugo, AE Lamb, D Stork, NE Miller, SE AF Chazdon, Robin L. Peres, Carlos A. Dent, Daisy Sheil, Douglas Lugo, Ariel E. Lamb, David Stork, Nigel E. Miller, Scott E. TI The Potential for Species Conservation in Tropical Secondary Forests SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest biodiversity; habitat specialization; secondary forest; succession; tropical forest ID RAIN-FOREST; SHIFTING CULTIVATION; AMAZONIAN FOREST; COSTA-RICA; PLANTATION FORESTS; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; SOLOMON-ISLANDS; PUERTO-RICO; OLD-GROWTH; LAND-USE AB In the wake of widespread loss of old-growth forests throughout the tropics, secondary forests will likely play a growing role in the conservation of forest biodiversity. We considered a complex hierarchy of factors that interact in space and time to determine the conservation potential of tropical secondary forests. Beyond the characteristics of local forest patches, spatial and temporal landscape dynamics influence the establishment, species composition, and persistence of secondary forests. Prospects for conservation of old-growth species in secondary forests are maximized in regions where the ratio of secondary to old-growth forest area is relatively low, older secondary forests have persisted, anthropogenic disturbance after abandonment is relatively low, seed-dispersing fauna are present, and old-growth forests are close to abandoned sites. The conservation value of a secondary forest is expected to increase over time, as species arriving from remaining old-growth forest patches accumulate. Many studies are poorly replicated, which limits robust assessments of the number and abundance of old-growth species present in secondary forests. Older secondary forests are not often studied and few long-term studies are conducted in secondary forests. Available data indicate that both old-growth and second-growth forests are important to the persistence of forest species in tropical, human-modified landscapes. C1 [Chazdon, Robin L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Peres, Carlos A.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Dent, Daisy] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Sheil, Douglas] Mbarara Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Trop Forest Conservat, Kabale, Uganda. [Lugo, Ariel E.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Lamb, David] Univ Queensland, Ctr Mined Land Rehabil, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Stork, Nigel E.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Resource Management & Geog, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Miller, Scott E.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Chazdon, RL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM robin.chazdon@uconn.edu RI Sheil, Douglas/H-1466-2012; Peres, Carlos/B-1276-2013; Sheil, Douglas/A-3867-2015; Dent, Daisy/L-3549-2016; OI Peres, Carlos/0000-0002-1588-8765; Sheil, Douglas/0000-0002-1166-6591; Dent, Daisy/0000-0002-1219-7344; Chazdon, Robin/0000-0002-7349-5687; Miller, Scott/0000-0002-4138-1378 FU NSF [DEB 0639393]; Wildlife Conservation Society; Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species (DEFRA-UK) FX We thank S. J. Wright and W. F. Laurance and the Smithsonian Institution for bringing us all together in Panama to develop this synthesis. This manuscript was improved by comments from four reviewers, S. J. Wright, and W. F. Laurance. We acknowledge support from NSF DEB 0639393, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and the Darwin Initiative for the Survival of Species (DEFRA-UK). NR 89 TC 197 Z9 206 U1 18 U2 150 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2009 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1406 EP 1417 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01338.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 524SL UT WOS:000272163100013 PM 20078641 ER EF