FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Singer, SD Hily, JM Liu, ZR AF Singer, Stacy D. Hily, Jean-Michel Liu, Zongrang TI A 1-kb Bacteriophage Lambda Fragment Functions as an Insulator to Effectively Block Enhancer-Promoter Interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; Bacteriophage lambda; Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; Enhancer-blocking insulator; Enhancer-promoter interaction ID TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; PLANT TRANSFORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BINDING-PROTEIN; NUCLEAR-MATRIX; ATTACHMENT; SEQUENCE; TRANSCRIPTION; PATTERNS AB Enhancers are known to be capable of overriding the specificity of nearby promoters in a distance-dependent manner, which is problematic when multiple promoters coexist in a single transgene unit. In an attempt to determine whether enhancer activation function is inversely related to its distance from the target promoter, we inserted 1-, 2-, and 4-kb bacteriophage lambda fragments, respectively, between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer and a flower-specific AGAMOUS second intron-derived promoter (AGIP) fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region. In the absence of an insert sequence, the 35S enhancer activates AGIP-driven GUS expression in vegetative tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines. Moreover, neither the 2-kb nor the 4-kb lambda fragment was able to block GUS expression in transgenic leaves, implying that the 35S enhancer can override a distance barrier of at least 4 kb in our system. Unexpectedly, insertion of the 1- kb lambda insert into the same site resulted in diminished GUS expression in transgenic leaves. Our data indicate that this fragment functions as a true enhancer-blocking insulator that could potentially be utilized to minimize enhancer-promoter interference between multiple transcriptional units within a plasmid vector during plant transformation experiments. C1 [Singer, Stacy D.; Hily, Jean-Michel; Liu, Zongrang] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Liu, ZR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM zongrang.liu@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Headquarter; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research [2006-03701] FX We thank Mr. Dennis Bennett for technical assistance. This study was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service Headquarter 2005 and 2007 classes of postdoctoral grants and a USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research grant (2006-03701). NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 28 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11105-009-0122-3 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 551YN UT WOS:000274249700008 ER PT J AU Sattler, SE Funnell-Harris, DL Pedersen, JF AF Sattler, Scott E. Funnell-Harris, Deanna L. Pedersen, Jeffrey F. TI Brown midrib mutations and their importance to the utilization of maize, sorghum, and pearl millet lignocellulosic tissues SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE bm; bmr; CAD; COMT; Fusarium ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; CAFFEIC ACID 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; P-COUMAROYL TRANSFERASE; CELL-WALL BIOSYNTHESIS; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; ZEA-MAYS-L; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; FORAGE SORGHUM; CORN-SILAGE; LIGNIN BIOSYNTHESIS AB Brown midrib mutants have been isolated in maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) arising by either spontaneous or chemical mutagenesis The characteristic brown coloration of the leaf mid veins is associated with reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition, traits useful to improve forage digestibility for livestock. Brown midrib phenotype is correlated with two homologous loci in maize (bm1 and bm3) and sorghum (bmr6 and bmr12), which encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and a caffeic O-methyl transferase (COMT) These enzymes are involved in the last two steps of monolignol biosynthesis. In maize, bm phenotype is associated with increased livestock digestibility, but at the cost of significantly reduced forage and grain yields. In sorghum, yield reductions were apparent in near isogenic lines, but were ameliorated through construction of hybrids that maintain reduced lignin content and Increased digestibility. Near-isogenic sorghum brown midrib lines and hybrids are dispelling old beliefs that brown midrib mutants are significantly more susceptible to plant pathogen attack and to lodging than their non-brown midrib counterparts Brown midrib mutants from new chemically mutagenized populations hold promise of identifying a non-redundant set of genes Involved in lignification of grasses In addition, early reports indicate brown midrib mutants significantly Increase conversion rate in the lignocellulosic bioenergy process (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Sattler, Scott E.; Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Sattler, Scott E.; Pedersen, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anat & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Funnell-Harris, Deanna L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Grain Forage & Bioenergy Res Unit, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 99 TC 60 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 178 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.01.001 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 579BD UT WOS:000276340300001 ER PT J AU Thakare, D Kumudini, S Dinkins, RD AF Thakare, Dhiraj Kumudini, Saratha Dinkins, Randy D. TI Expression of flowering-time genes in soybean E1 near-isogenic lines under short and long day conditions SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Flowering; Flowering-time genes; E-gene near-isogenic lines; Circadian clock; Day length ID ARABIDOPSIS CIRCADIAN CLOCK; PHOTOPERIOD-INSENSITIVE PHASES; MAX L MERRILL; GLYCINE-MAX; MATURITY ISOLINES; RICE ORTHOLOG; FT; PLANT; CONSTANS; EHD1 AB Control of soybean flowering time is important for geographic adaptation and maximizing yield. Plant breeders have identified a series of genes (E genes) that condition time to flowering; however, the molecular basis in the control of flowering by these E genes, in conjunction with canonical flowering-time genes, has not been studied. Time to flowering in near-isogenic lines (NILs) at the E1 locus was tested using a reciprocal transfer experiment under short day (SD) and long day (LD) conditions. Beginning 8 days after planting, three plant samples were harvested every 3 h for a 48-h period. RNA was isolated from these plants, and RNA samples were pooled for each line and each time period for cDNA synthesis. RT-PCR analysis was performed using primers synthesized for a number of putative flowering-time genes based on homology of soybean EST and genomic sequences to Arabidopsis genes. The results of the reciprocal transfer experiment suggest that the pre-inductive photoperiod-sensitive phase of the E1 NILs responsible for inducing flowering is perceived as early as 5-7-day post-planting. No gene expression differences were found between the E1 and e1 NILs, suggesting that the E1 gene does not directly affect the flowering-time genes during the time period tested; however, differences were observed in gene expression between SD and LD treatments for the putative soybean TOC1, CO, and FT genes. The gene expression results in this study were similar to those of flowering-time genes found in other SD species, suggesting that the selected genes correspond to the soybean flowering-time orthologs. C1 [Dinkins, Randy D.] USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Thakare, Dhiraj; Kumudini, Saratha] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Dinkins, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Univ Kentucky Campus,N220 Agr Sci Bldg N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM randy.dinkins@ars.usda.gov OI Dinkins, Randy/0000-0002-2127-273X NR 64 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAR PY 2010 VL 231 IS 4 BP 951 EP 963 DI 10.1007/s00425-010-1100-6 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XF UT WOS:000274468800014 PM 20091337 ER PT J AU Huff, GR Huff, WE Farnell, MB Rath, NC de los Santos, FS Donoghue, AM AF Huff, G. R. Huff, W. E. Farnell, M. B. Rath, N. C. de los Santos, F. Solis Donoghue, A. M. TI Bacterial clearance, heterophil function, and hematological parameters of transport-stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; yeast extract; Escherichia coli; transport stress; heterophil ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI CHALLENGE; BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS; OXIDATIVE BURST RESPONSE; BROILER CHICKEN DIETS; BETA-GLUCAN; MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LYMPHOCYTE RATIO; HOLO-ANALYSIS AB Yeast extracts (YE) contain biological response modifiers that may be useful as alternatives to antibiotics for controlling pathogens in poultry production and mitigating the deleterious effects of production stressors. The objective of the present study was to determine the ability of a commercial dietary YE (Alphamune) to modulate the immune response in male turkey poults challenged with Escherichia coli and subjected to transport stress. Alphamune was added to turkey poult diets at 0, 500, or 1,000 g/ton. Poults were challenged by air sac injection with 60 cfu of E. coli at 1 wk of age. At 3 wk of age, these challenged birds were subjected to transport stress and birds were bled and necropsied the following morning. Blood cell numbers and percentages, hematological parameters, and clinical chemistry values were determined. Oxidative burst activity of isolated heterophils was measured using stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Data were analyzed using GLM and least squares means procedures of the SAS program. The numbers and percentages of heterophils in peripheral blood were increased and their oxidative burst activity was stimulated by YE. The stress challenge dramatically increased oxidative burst and this increase was significantly modulated by YE treatment. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and triglycerides were decreased and uric acid levels, erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased by YE supplementation. Bacteria were isolated from the air sac and liver of a lower percentage of birds provided with YE. These results suggest that dietary YE has potential as a nonantibiotic alternative for decreasing bacterial pathogens in turkey production. C1 [Huff, G. R.; Huff, W. E.; Rath, N. C.; Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Farnell, M. B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [de los Santos, F. Solis] ISA, Dept Anim Sci, Santiago, Dominican Rep. RP Huff, GR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM grhuff@uark.edu NR 63 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3 BP 447 EP 456 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00328 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 567DP UT WOS:000275423100009 PM 20181859 ER PT J AU Leigh, SA Branton, SL Evans, JD Collier, SD Peebles, ED AF Leigh, S. A. Branton, S. L. Evans, J. D. Collier, S. D. Peebles, E. D. TI Effects of vaccination with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum on egg production and quality parameters of commercial layer hens previously vaccinated with 6/85-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mycoplasma gallisepticum; vaccination; layer; egg production ID 44-WEEK LAYING CYCLE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; DUAL INFECTION; CHICKENS; SYNOVIAE AB This study was conducted to determine the effect of overlaying (revaccinating) F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum at 22 or 45 wk of age on commercial leghorn hens previously vaccinated with 6/85-strain M. gallisepticum at 10 wk of age. The treatment groups included unvaccinated hens (group 1), hens receiving 6/85-strain M. gallisepticum only (group 2), and hens receiving 6/85-strain M. gallisepticum followed by F-strain M. gallisepticum at either 22 (group 3) or 45 (group 4) wk of age. There was no significant effect on egg production or egg size distribution between any of the treatment groups, unlike previous studies looking at F-strain vaccination only. Egg quality parameters, including eggshell strength, Haugh unit score, and blood-meat spot were similar between the different treatment groups. There was a difference in the rate of pimpling at postpeak production for the treatment group receiving F-strain M. gallisepticum at 22 wk of age, consistent with previously published results. This work suggests that hens previously vaccinated with 6/85-strain M. gallisepticum can be safely revaccinated with F-strain M. gallisepticum to increase protection from field strains while ameliorating the adverse effects associated with F-strain M. gallisepticum vaccination in layers post onset of lay. C1 [Leigh, S. A.; Branton, S. L.; Evans, J. D.; Collier, S. D.] Mississippi State Univ, ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Leigh, SA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, ARS, USDA, S Cent Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM spencer.leigh@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3 BP 501 EP 504 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00519 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 567DP UT WOS:000275423100016 PM 20181866 ER PT J AU Tako, E Rutzke, MA Glahn, RP AF Tako, E. Rutzke, M. A. Glahn, R. P. TI Using the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) as an in vivo model for iron bioavailability SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; duodenum; iron bioavailability; iron absorption; biofortification ID CACO-2 CELL MODEL; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS; INTESTINAL TRANSPORT; RAT DUODENUM; NONHEME IRON; ABSORPTION; EXPRESSION; AVAILABILITY; KAEMPFEROL AB Iron fortification of foods and biofortification of staple food crops are strategies that can help to alleviate Fe deficiency. The broiler chicken may be a useful model for initial in vivo screening of Fe bioavailability in foods due to its growth rate, anatomy, size, and low cost. In this study, we assess the broiler as a model for hemoglobin (Hb) maintenance studies and present a unique duodenal loop technique for direct measurement of intestinal Fe absorption. One-week-old chicks were allocated into Fe-deficient versus Fe-adequate treatment groups. For 6 wk, blood Hb, feed consumption, and BW were measured. At wk 7, birds were anesthetized and their duodenal loops were exposed. The loop was isolated and a nonocclusive catheter was inserted into the duodenal vein for blood sampling. A stable isotope solution containing (58)Fe (1 mg of Fe in 10 mM ascorbic acid) was injected into the loop. Blood samples were collected every 5 min and for 120 min postinjection and analyzed by inductively coupled argon-plasma mass spectrometry for (58)Fe concentrations. In the low-Fe group, Hb concentrations, total body Hb Fe, and BW were lower and Hb maintenance efficiency (indicator for dietary Fe availability) was higher than in the high-Fe group (P < 0.05). Iron absorption was higher in the Fe-deficient birds (P < 0.05). In addition, expression of proteins involved in Fe uptake and transfer [i.e., divalent metal transporter 1 (Fe uptake transporter), ferroportin (involved in Fe transport across the enterocyte), and duodenal cytochrome B reductase (reduces Fe at brush border membrane)] were elevated in the low-Fe group. These results indicate that this model exhibits the appropriate responses to Fe deficiency and has potential to serve as a model for Fe bioavailability. Such a model should be most useful as an intermediate test of in vivo Fe bioavailability observations in preparation for subsequent human studies. C1 [Tako, E.; Rutzke, M. A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, R. P.] Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Tako, E (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM et79@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 12 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3 BP 514 EP 521 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00326 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 567DP UT WOS:000275423100018 PM 20181868 ER PT J AU Jones, DR AF Jones, D. R. TI Microbiological and physical quality changes in vacuum loader cups associated with the use of various sanitizing compounds SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sanitizer; shell egg; processing; equipment ID PLANT SANITATION PROGRAMS; EGG-CONTACT SURFACES; SHELL; EFFICACY; ACID AB Studies were conducted to determine the effects of various sanitizing compounds on the microbial and physical quality of shell egg processing vacuum loader cups. The sanitizing compounds used were as follows: sterile, distilled water; 200 mu L/L of sodium hypochlorite; 200 mu L/L of calcium hypochlorite; and 200 mu L/L of peracetic acid. In the microbial inoculation study, cups were inoculated with Enterobacter cloacae because it was the most common isolate from a commercial study examining the flora found on vacuum loader cups. In all 3 replicates, aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae levels were similar for the clean control cups and the cups from the 2 chlorine treatments. Physical quality was measured via serial static compression testing using texture profile analysis. The serial compression mimicked the movement of the vacuum loader cups on the processing line. The strength of the vacuum loader cups was enhanced with exposure to any sanitizer treatment, including distilled water, compared with the controls throughout the 20 applications of the sanitizers. Durometer measurements were not consistent in monitoring vacuum loader cup quality and were determined to not be effective assessments for this application. The use of 200 mu L/L of sodium hypochlorite or 200 mu L/L of calcium hypochlorite successfully reduced microbial contaminants, had a positive effect on vacuum loader cup physical quality, and should be considered when developing sanitation programs for shell egg processing facilities. C1 ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Deana.jones@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3 BP 564 EP 569 DI 10.3382/ps.2008-00397 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 567DP UT WOS:000275423100025 PM 20181875 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Musgrove, MT Anderson, KE Thesmar, HS AF Jones, D. R. Musgrove, M. T. Anderson, K. E. Thesmar, H. S. TI Physical quality and composition of retail shell eggs SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE shell egg; physical quality; composition; Haugh unit; shell strength ID NATIONAL SUPERMARKETS; STORAGE; WEIGHT AB There are a number of specialty shell eggs available to consumers in the US retail market. A survey consisting of white and brown large shell eggs with various production and nutritional differences (traditional, cage-free, free-roaming, pasteurized, nutritionally enhanced, and fertile) was conducted to determine if physical quality and compositional differences exist. Identical brands of eggs were purchased from the same retail outlets on 3 occasions (replicates) in a single city. The average range of time from processing to purchase for all eggs was 7.67 to 25.33 d, with traditional white eggs in retail having the shortest time. Haugh unit values ranged from 66.67 (cage-free, docosahexaenoic acid, and n-3 enhanced) to 84.42 (traditional white). Albumen height followed a similar pattern. Egg weight was greater for brown eggs (61.12 vs. 58.85 g). Brown eggs also had greater static compression shell strength than white eggs (4,130.61 vs. 3,690.31 g force). Vitelline membrane strength was greatest for traditional brown eggs (2.24 g force). Percentage of total solids and crude fat was greatest in the cage-free, n-3-enhanced white eggs (25.07 and 11.71%, respectively). Although significant differences were found between white and brown shell eggs and production methods, average values for quality attributes varied without one egg type consistently maintaining the highest or lowest values. C1 [Jones, D. R.; Musgrove, M. T.] ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30606 USA. [Anderson, K. E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Thesmar, H. S.] Egg Safety Ctr, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30606 USA. EM Deana.Jones@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 3 BP 582 EP 587 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00315 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 567DP UT WOS:000275423100027 PM 20181877 ER PT J AU Perez, AM Pauszek, SJ Jimenez, D Kelley, WN Whedbee, Z Rodriguez, LL AF Perez, Andres M. Pauszek, Steven J. Jimenez, Daniel Kelley, William N. Whedbee, Zachary Rodriguez, Luis L. TI Spatial and phylogenetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus over-wintering in the United States SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Veterinary-Epidemiology-and-Preventive-Medicine CY APR 01-03, 2009 CL London, ENGLAND SP Soc Vet Epidemiol & Prevent Med DE Vesicular stomatitis virus; Epidemiology; Over-wintering; Spatial clustering; Phylogeny ID NEW-JERSEY SEROTYPE; PHLEBOTOMINE SANDFLIES; INDIANA SEROTYPE; TRANSMISSION; REEMERGENCE; DIPTERA; MODEL AB From 2004 through 2006, 751 vesicular stomatitis (VS) outbreaks caused by vesicular stomatitis virus serotype New Jersey (VSNJV) were reported in nine states of the southwestern United States. The normal model of the spatial scan statistic and phylogenetic techniques were used to assess whether the spatial and genetic relations among VSNJV outbreaks were consistent with the hypothesis that VSNJV over-wintered in specific regions of the southwestern United States infected in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Use of the spatial scan statistic led to the identification of two clusters of outbreaks for which the Euclidean distance to the nearest outbreak reported in the previous or following year, whichever was shorter, was significantly (P < 0.01) shorter than the epidemic's (2004-2006) mean. Clusters were centered at Colorado and Wyoming and included 375 and 21 outbreaks, respectively. Results were supported by the phylogenetic analysis of 49 VSV samples collected from 2004 through 2006 in the United States and 10 VSV samples originated from Mexico. These findings, which were displayed using a publicly accessible web-based system referred to as the FMD BioPortal, were consistent with over-wintering of specific sub-lineages of VSNJV in a limited geographical region of the United States affected by a VS epidemic in 2005 and 2006. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Perez, Andres M.; Jimenez, Daniel; Whedbee, Zachary] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, CADMS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Perez, Andres M.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Pauszek, Steven J.; Rodriguez, Luis L.] ARS, USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient, NY USA. [Kelley, William N.] CEAH, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Perez, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, CADMS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amperez@ucdavis.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2010 VL 93 IS 4 SI SI BP 258 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.11.003 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 561DN UT WOS:000274956000003 PM 19962205 ER PT J AU Ager, TA Carrara, PE Smith, JL Anne, V Johnson, J AF Ager, Thomas A. Carrara, Paul E. Smith, Jane L. Anne, Victoria Johnson, Joni TI Postglacial vegetation history of Mitkof Island, Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Mitkof Island; Southeastern Alaska; Pollen records; Vegetation history; Late Quaternary; Paleoclimate; Radiocarbon dating ID LATE WISCONSIN GLACIATION; NORTH PACIFIC COAST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; CANADA; BP; CALIBRATION; MAXIMUM; DATES AB An AMS radiocarbon-dated pollen record from a peat deposit on Mitkof Island, Southeastern Alaska provides a vegetation history spanning similar to 12,900 cal yr BP to the present. Late Wisconsin glaciers covered the entire island: deglaciation occurred >15,400 cal yr BP. The earliest known vegetation to develop on the island (similar to 12,900 cal yr BP) was pine woodland (Pinus contorta) with alder (Alnus), sedges (Cyperaceae) and ferns (Polypodiaceae type). By -12,240 cal yr BP, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) began to colonize the island while pine woodland declined. By similar to 11,200 cal yr BP, Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) began to spread across the island. Sitka spruce-mountain hemlock forests dominated the lowland landscapes of the island until similar to 10,180 cal yr BP, when western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) began to colonize, and soon became the dominant tree species. Rising percentages of pine, sedge, and sphagnum after similar to 7100 cal yr BP may reflect an expansion of peat bog habitats as regional climate began to shift to cooler, wetter conditions. A decline in alders at that time suggests that coastal forests had spread into the island's uplands, replacing large areas of alder thickets. Cedars (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, Thuja plicata) appeared on Mitkof Island during the late Holocene. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington. C1 [Ager, Thomas A.; Carrara, Paul E.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Smith, Jane L.; Anne, Victoria; Johnson, Joni] US Forest Serv, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. RP Ager, TA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Mail Stop 980,Box 25046, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM tager@usgs.gov FU U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Surface Dynamics Program FX The U.S. Geological Survey's Earth Surface Dynamics Program supported this research. The authors thank John P. McGeehin at the U.S. Geological Survey Radiocarbon Laboratory for preparing our samples for AMS radiocarbon dating. We are grateful to Gary Clow for lending his mathematical expertise to construct the time vs. depth curve for Figure 2. We also thank Robert Thompson, Joe Rosenbaum, Terri Lacourse, and an anonymous reviewer for their many constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. Patrick Bartlein contributed additional insightful editorial suggestions on behalf of Quaternary Research. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 73 IS 2 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.005 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 564VS UT WOS:000275246700011 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Emmerich, W Bradford, JA Sims, PL Johnson, DA Sallendra, NZ Svejcar, T Angell, R Frank, AB Phillips, RL Snyder, KA Morgan, JA Sanabria, J Mielnick, PC Dugas, WA AF Polley, H. Wayne Emmerich, William Bradford, James A. Sims, Phillip L. Johnson, Douglas A. Sallendra, Nicanor Z. Svejcar, Tony Angell, Raymond Frank, Albert B. Phillips, Rebecca L. Snyder, Keirith A. Morgan, Jack A. Sanabria, Joaquin Mielnick, Patricia C. Dugas, William A. TI Precipitation Regulates the Response of Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange to Environmental Variation on United States Rangelands SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE climatic variability; deserts; functional change; grasslands; shrublands; variability in carbon flux ID CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUXES; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; LONG-TERM; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; USE EFFICIENCY; BOWEN-RATIO; NORTHERN; STEPPE; VEGETATION; BALANCE AB Rangelands occupy 50% of Earth's land surface and thus are important in the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle. For rangelands and other terrestrial ecosystems, the balance between photosynthetic uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) and CO2 loss to respiration varies among years in response to interannual variation in the environment. Variability in CO2 exchange results from interannual differences in 1) environmental variables at a given point in the annual cycle (direct effects of the environment) and in 2) the response Of fluxes to a given change in the environment because of interannual changes in biological factors that regulate photosynthesis and respiration (functional change). Functional change is calculated as the contribution of among-year differences in slopes Of flux-environment relationships to the total variance in fluxes explained by the environment. Functional change complicates environmental-based predictions Of CO2 exchange, yet its causes and contribution to flux variability remain poorly defined. We determine contributions Of functional change and direct effects of the environment to interannual variation in net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) of eight rangeland ecosystems in the western United States (58 site-years of data). We predicted that 1) functional change is correlated with interannual change in precipitation on each rangeland and 2) the contribution of functional change to variance in NEE increases among rangelands as mean precipitation increases. Functional change explained 10-40% of the variance in NEE and accounted for more than twice the variance in fluxes of direct effects of environmental variability for six of the eight ecosystems. Functional change was associated with interannual variation in precipitation on most rangelands but, contrary to prediction, contributed proportionally more to variance in NEE on and than more mesic ecosystems. Results indicate that we must account for the influence of precipitation on flux-environment relationships if we are to distinguish environmental from management effects on rangeland C balance. C1 [Polley, H. Wayne] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Emmerich, William] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Sims, Phillip L.] USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. [Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Sallendra, Nicanor Z.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. [Svejcar, Tony; Angell, Raymond] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Frank, Albert B.; Phillips, Rebecca L.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Snyder, Keirith A.] USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Morgan, Jack A.] USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sanabria, Joaquin] Int Fertilizer Dev Ctr, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662 USA. [Mielnick, Patricia C.; Dugas, William A.] Texas AgriLife Res, Blackland Res & Extens Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM wayne.polley@ars.usda.gov RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 EI 1551-5028 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2 BP 176 EP 186 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00015.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574DX UT WOS:000275970000002 ER PT J AU Rau, BM Tausch, R Reiner, A Johnson, DW Chambers, JC Blank, RR Lucchesi, A AF Rau, Benjamin M. Tausch, Robin Reiner, Alicia Johnson, Dale W. Chambers, Jeanne C. Blank, Robert R. Lucchesi, Annmarrie TI Influence of Prescribed Fire on Ecosystem Biomass, Carbon, and Nitrogen in a Pinyon Juniper Woodland SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon storage; ecosystem maintenance; fuels management ID GREAT-BASIN; ENCROACHMENT; VIRGINIANA; GRASSLAND; STORAGE; CYCLE AB Increases in pinyon and juniper woodland cover associated with land-use history are suggested to provide offsets for carbon emissions in arid regions. However, the largest pools of carbon in arid landscapes are typically found in soils, arid aboveground biomass cannot be considered long-term storage in fire-prone ecosystems. Also, the objectives of carbon storage may conflict with management for other ecosystem services and fuels reduction. Before appropriate decisions call be made it is necessary to understand the interactions between woodland expansion, management treatments, and carbon retention. We quantified effects of prescribed fire as a fuels reduction and ecosystem maintenance treatment on fuel loads, ecosystem carbon, arid nitrogen in a pinyon-juniper woodland in the central Great Basin. We found that plots containing 30% tree cover averaged nearly 40000 kg . ha(-1) in total aboveground biomass, 80000 kg . ha(-1) in ecosystem carbon (C), and 5 000 kg . ha(-1) in ecosystem nitrogen (N). Only 25% of ecosystem C and 5% of ecosystem N resided in aboveground biomass pools. Prescribed burning resulted in a 65% reduction in aboveground biomass, a 68% reduction in aboveground C, and a 78% reduction ill aboveground N. No statistically significant change in soil or total ecosystem C or N Occurred. Prescribed fire was effective at reducing fuels on the landscape and resulted in losses of C and N from aboveground biomass. However, the immediate and long-term effects of burning on soil and total ecosystem C and N is still unclear. C1 [Rau, Benjamin M.; Johnson, Dale W.; Lucchesi, Annmarrie] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Tausch, Robin; Chambers, Jeanne C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Researcb Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Reiner, Alicia] US Forest Serv, USDA, Adapt Management Serv Enterprise Team, Sparks, NV 89431 USA. [Blank, Robert R.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rau, BM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM brau@unr.nevada.edu FU USDA Forest Service; Rocky Mountain Research Station and Joint Fire Sciences Program FX This research was funded by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station and Joint Fire Sciences Program. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00088.1 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574DX UT WOS:000275970000004 ER PT J AU Espeland, EK Perkins, LB Leger, EA AF Espeland, Erin K. Perkins, Lora B. Leger, Elizabetb A. TI Comparison of Seed Bank Estimation Techniques Using Six Weed Species in Two Soil Types SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE emergence; germination; seed bank methods; seed pool; weed seed bank ID GERMINATION; COMMUNITY; SEEDBANKS AB Evaluation of the viable seeds in a soil, otherwise known as the seed pool or seed bank, is a crucial component of many weed dynamic and plant ecology studies. Seed bank estimation is used to predict the possibility of future weed infestations in rangelands as well as the nascent native plant diversity within them. However, there is no standardized method of reporting seed bank evaluation techniques, limiting the ability to compare across studies. After sowing known quantities of cheatgrass, Bromus tectorum (L.); brome fescue, Vulpia bromoides (L., S.F. Gray); pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus (L.); kochia, Kochia scoparia (L. Schrad.); lambsquarters, Chenopodium album (L.); and field pepperweed, Lepidium campestre (L. R. Br.) into sterile soil, we compared two different watering regimes in two soil types to Petri plate germination of these seeds. Seed bank estimations from the emergence method were lower compared to estimations from the Petri plate germination. Top-and-bottom watering increased absolute abundance, and the rank order of abundance among species changed with watering method. Emergence levels were the same between the two soil types. The higher water availability of the top-and-bottom watering method resulted in greater seedling emergence (26.3% +/- 10% SD vs. 9.1% +/- 7.5% SD). Lower emergence compared to germination (62.3% +/- 24.4%) may indicate that emergence is an important postgermination barrier to seedling establishment. While emergence techniques may not accurately portray the volume of seeds in the soil, they may more accurately predict which plants can become established in field conditions. Our different species abundances between watering methods show that multiple emergence methods may need to be employed to forecast a range of future rangeland conditions from the soil seed bank. C1 [Espeland, Erin K.] ARS, USDA, NPARL, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Espeland, Erin K.; Perkins, Lora B.; Leger, Elizabetb A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Espeland, EK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NPARL, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM erin.espeland@ars.usda.gov RI Perkins, Lora/C-3329-2016; OI Perkins, Lora/0000-0002-0689-4995; Espeland, Erin/0000-0001-8541-3610 FU US Bureau of Reclamation [06FC204044] FX This project was funded in part by a grant under Public Law 109-103, Section 208(a), through the US Bureau of Reclamation (Cooperative Agreement 06FC204044). NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00109.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574DX UT WOS:000275970000008 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Davies, KW AF Boyd, Chad S. Davies, Kirk W. TI Shrub Microsite Influences Post-Fire Perennial Grass Establishment SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE heterogeneity; interspace; resource island; revegetation; sagebrush; wildfire ID HERBACEOUS VEGETATION HETEROGENEITY; BIG SAGEBRUSH COMMUNITIES; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SOUTHEASTERN OREGON; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-BASIN; GROWTH-RATE; SEEDLINGS; PATTERNS; NITROGEN AB Woody plants can cause localized increases in resources (i.e., resource islands) that can persist after fire and create a heterogeneous environment for restoration. Others have found that subcanopies have increased soil organic matter, nitrogen, and carbon and elevated post-fire soil temperature. We tested the hypothesis that burned sagebrush subcanopies would have increased seedling establishment and performance of post-fire seeded perennial bunchgrasses compared to burned interspaces. We used a randomized complete block design with five study sites located in southeast Oregon. The area was burned in a wildfire (2007) and reseeded in the same year with a seed mix that included non-native and native perennial bunchgrasses. Seedling density, height, and reproductive status were measured in October 2008 in burned subcanopy and interspace microsites. Non-native perennial grasses had greater densities than native species (P < 0.001) and were six times more abundant in burned subcanopies compared to burned interspaces (P < 0.001). Density of natives in burned subcanopies was 24-fold higher than burned interspaces (P = 0.043). Seedlings were taller in burned subcanopies compared to burned interspaces (P = 0.001). Subcanopy microsites had more reproductive seedlings than interspace microsites (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that under the fire conditions examined in this study, pre-burn shrub cover may be important to post-fire restoration of perennial grasses. Determining the mechanisms responsible for increased seeding success in subcanopy microsites may suggest tactics that could be used to improve existing restoration technologies. C1 [Boyd, Chad S.; Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM chad.boyd@oregonstate.edu FU US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 35 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2 BP 248 EP 252 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00025.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574DX UT WOS:000275970000009 ER PT J AU Kronberg, SL AF Kronberg, Scott L. TI Sheep Ingestion of Water Containing Quebracho or Black Wattle Tannin SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE condensed tannin; livestock; water intake ID DIETARY CONDENSED TANNINS; REDUCE METHANE EMISSIONS; LOTUS-PEDUNCULATUS; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; NITROGEN; PREFERENCE; RUMINANTS; DIGESTION; SELECTION; CATTLE AB Ingestion of small amounts of condensed tannin (CT) by ruminants can produce valuable outcomes such as improved nitrogen use and reduced bloating, methane output, and gastrointestinal parasitism. However, many grasses and forbs contain little if any CT. The specific types of CT vary in plants and can have somewhat different effects on ruminants. Individual ruminants can respond differently to CT intake. Not all livestock will consistently consume supplements while grazing, but they all usually drink water daily. Therefore, in order to determine how sheep would respond to CT in their drinking water, eight lambs with the same initial weight of 43 kg were individually penned, fed alfalfa pellets twice daily, and had ad libitum access to two waters. Water intake was measured daily. After an adjustment period to pens, feeding, watering conditions, and water containing CT, three sequential week-long trials were conducted. In Trial 1, lambs chose between tap water and a quebracho tannin (QT)-water mixture (0.19% QT w/w; ca. 1 % dry matter intake of QT). In Trial 2, lambs chose between tap water and a QT-water mixture of lower concentration (0.14% QT w/w). In Trial 3, lambs chose between a QT-water mixture and a wattle tannin-water mixture, both with the same concentration (0.14% CT w/w). In Trials 1 and 2, lambs had inconsistent intakes of tannin water and tap water from day to day (P <= 0.02) and neither preferred nor avoided tannin solutions. They also had inconsistent daily intakes of the two different tannin solutions offered simultaneously (P = 0.01), and showed no preference for either tannin solution (P >= 0.15). Results support other observations that sheep will voluntarily consume water with small amounts of CT in it, and provide no evidence that sheep prefer consuming small amounts of QT vs. black wattle tannin in water. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Kronberg, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM scott.kronberg@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.2111/08-254.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574DX UT WOS:000275970000011 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Gardner, DR Panter, KE AF Pfister, J. A. Gardner, D. R. Panter, K. E. TI Consumption of Low Larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum) by Grazing Sheep SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alkaloids; diet selection; larkspur; poisonous plants; sheep ID TALL LARKSPUR; ALKALOID LEVELS; CATTLE AB Low larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz.) poisoning causes serious economic loss to livestock producers that graze cattle on foothill and mountain ranges in western North America. In general, all Delphinium spp. are five times less toxic to sheep than to cattle. Because low larkspurs are less toxic to sheep than cattle, grazing sheep before cattle on rangelands with dense populations of low larkspur can reduce larkspur density and risk of poisoning to grazing cattle. All previous published work on sheep and larkspur interactions has involved tall larkspurs. This series of studies was conducted to determine if sheep would consume sufficient low larkspur to reduce subsequent risk to cattle. Four summer trials were conducted in Collbran, Colorado, and Soda Springs, Idaho on pastures with dense (> 9 plants . m(-2)) low larkspur populations. In all trials, sheep ate very little low larkspur (< 0.5% of bites). During one final trial using high sheep density (two sheep . 0.015 ha(-1) for 9 d), sheep consumed little low larkspur, but animals appeared to trample Much of the low larkspur. Toxic alkaloid concentrations in low larkspur ranged from 1.1 mg . g(-1) to 1.6 mg . g(-1) in all trials. The use of sheep to graze low larkspurs to reduce subsequent consumption by grazing cattle does not appear to be a viable option. C1 [Pfister, J. A.; Gardner, D. R.; Panter, K. E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Jim.Pfister@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 63 IS 2 BP 263 EP 266 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00084.1 PG 4 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 574DX UT WOS:000275970000012 ER PT J AU Francis, C Doran, J AF Francis, Charles Doran, John CA Editorial Team TI 'Food for Life': Looking beyond the horizon SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Francis, Charles; Doran, John] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Doran, John] ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Francis, C (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cfrancis2@unl.edu; doranrafs@gmail.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1017/S1742170509990305 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 564BZ UT WOS:000275187700001 ER PT J AU Karsten, HD Patterson, PH Stout, R Crews, G AF Karsten, H. D. Patterson, P. H. Stout, R. Crews, G. TI Vitamins A, E and fatty acid composition of the eggs of caged hens and pastured hens SO RENEWABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE omega-3 fat; pastured poultry; vitamin A; vitamin E; poultry eggs; pasture; legumes ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; LAYING HEN; FEEDSTUFFS; INDICATORS; PROFILES; FORAGES; SYSTEMS AB In the US farmers often market pastured poultry eggs for a premium price, claiming animal and human health benefits. We examined how moving pastured hens to forage legumes or mixed grasses influenced hen (Gallus gallus L.) egg omega-3 fatty acids and concentrations of vitamins A and E. We also compared the eggs of the pastured hens to those of hens fed a commercial diet in cages. We used a cross-over design to compare pasture species: 75 sister hens were assigned to one of three pasture treatment groups: (1) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), (2) red and white clover (Trifolium pretense L. and Trifolium repens L.) or (3) mixed cool season grasses. Groups were rotated to all three pasture treatments, each for 2 weeks and supplemented with 70 g commercial hen mash bird(-1) day(-1). Pasture botanical composition, forage mass, leaf to total ratio and plant fatty acid composition were compared among pasture treatments. Eggs of the pastured hens were compared to eggs of 50 sister hens that were fed only commercial hen mash in cages for the entire 6 weeks. Forage parameters varied somewhat, but did not explain plant linolenic acid variation. Seventeen of the 18 quantified egg fatty acids, and vitamin A concentrations did not (P < 0.05) differ among the three pasture treatment groups. Eggs of the hens that foraged grasses had 23% more (P < 0.0001) vitamin E than eggs of hens that foraged clover. Compared to eggs of the caged hens, pastured hens' eggs had twice as much vitamin E and long-chain omega-3 fats, 2.5-fold more total omega-3 fatty acids, and less than half the ratio of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids (P < 0.0001). Vitamin A concentration was 38% higher (P < 0.05) in the pastured hens' eggs than in the caged hens' eggs, but total vitamin A per egg did not differ. At the end of the experiment, pastured hens weighed 14% less and averaged 15% lower hen-day egg production than caged birds (P < 0.0001). Results suggest that grass pastures may enhance vitamin E in eggs of pastured hens more than clover, and pastured hens supplemented with commercial mash will produce eggs with significantly more vitamin E and total omega-3 fatty acids compared to eggs from caged hens fed only commercial hen mash. Pastured hens may have lower body weight and egg production than caged hens, unless they are supplemented adequately to meet their dietary energy and crude protein needs. C1 [Karsten, H. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Patterson, P. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stout, R.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Crews, G.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. RP Karsten, HD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM hdk3@psu.edu NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1742-1705 J9 RENEW AGR FOOD SYST JI Renew. Agr. Food Syst. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 SI SI BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1017/S1742170509990214 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 564BZ UT WOS:000275187700007 ER PT J AU Meador, AJS Parysow, PF Moore, MM AF Meador, Andrew J. Sanchez Parysow, Pablo F. Moore, Margaret M. TI Historical Stem-Mapped Permanent Plots Increase Precision of Reconstructed Reference Data in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Northern Arizona SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arizona; forest structure; G; A; Pearson; Pinus ponderosa; pre-settlement; reconstruction modeling; T; S; Woolsey; Jr; Woolsey plots ID ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION TREATMENTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NATURAL VARIABILITY; USA; STAND; PERSPECTIVE; ECOSYSTEMS; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; SYSTEMS AB Forest structural reference conditions are widely used to understand how ecosystems have been altered and guide restoration and management objectives. We used six stem-mapped permanent plots established in the early twentieth century to provide precise structural reference conditions for ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona prior to Euro-American settlement. Reference conditions for these plots in 1873-1874 included the following historical attributes: tree densities of 45-127 trees/ha, mean tree diameter at breast height (dbh) of 43.8 cm with a corresponding quadratic mean diameter range of 41.5-51.3 cm, and a stand basal area of 9.2-18.0 m2/ha. The reconstructed diameter distributions (for live ponderosa pine trees with dbh >= 9.14 cm) prior to fire exclusion varied in shape but generally displayed an irregular unimodal distribution. We suggest that management objectives for the structural restoration of ponderosa pine forests of northern Arizona emphasize: (1) conservation and retention of all pre-settlement (> 130 years) trees; (2) reduction of tree densities with a restoration objective ranging between 50 and 150 trees/ha having a large-tree component between 25 and 50% of the total trees per hectare, respectively; (3) manipulation of the diameter distribution to achieve a unimodal or irregular, uneven-aged shape (possibly targeting a balanced, uneven-aged shape on cinder soil types) through the use of harvest and thinning practices that mimic gap disturbances (i.e., individual tree selection system); and (4) retention of 3-11 snags and logs per hectare resulting from natural mortality. C1 [Meador, Andrew J. Sanchez; Parysow, Pablo F.; Moore, Margaret M.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Meador, AJS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Management Serv Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A,Suite 341A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM asanchezmeador@fs.fed.us OI Sanchez Meador, Andrew/0000-0003-4238-8587 FU USFS [28-JV7939]; U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative [2003-35101-12919] FX We thank S. Olberding, historian and archivist, U. S. Forest Service (USFS) Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS), Flagstaff, Arizona, for locating historical documents, ledger data, and maps in the Fort Valley Experimental Forest archives. We acknowledge field and laboratory assistance of many people in the Ecological Restoration Institute at Northern Arizona University (NAU), especially S. Blazewicz, S. Buckley, J. Dyer, E. Gilbert, D. Huffman, E. Hulme, D. Normandin, S. Pandey, K. Rask, L. Shapiro, A. Wilkerson, B. DeBlois, D. Gift, and N. Yepa. We are indebted to G. A. Pearson and T. S. Woolsey, Jr., who had the foresight to establish these permanent plots and map and record the forest structure in 1909. This research was supported, in part, by McIntireStennis appropriations to NAU and the State of Arizona, USFS RMRS Research Joint Venture Agreement 28-JV7939 and U. S. Department of Agriculture-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative grant no. 2003-35101-12919. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 224 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00442.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571NC UT WOS:000275757500013 ER PT J AU Horning, ME McGovern, TR Darris, DC Mandel, NL Johnson, R AF Horning, Matthew E. McGovern, Theresa R. Darris, Dale C. Mandel, Nancy L. Johnson, Randy TI Genecology of Holodiscus discolor (Rosaceae) in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common garden; genecology; germplasm; Holodiscus discolor; Oceanspray ID DOUGLAS-FIR; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; RESTORATION; POPULATIONS; OREGON AB An important goal for land managers is the incorporation of appropriate (e.g., locally adapted and genetically diverse) plant materials in restoration and revegetation activities. To identify these materials, researchers need to characterize the variability in essential traits in natural populations and determine how they are related to environmental conditions. This common garden study was implemented to characterize the variability in growth and phenological traits relative to climatic and geographic variables of 39 Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. accessions from locations throughout the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A. Principal component analysis of 12 growth and phenological traits explained 48.2% of the observed variability in the first principal component (PC-1). With multiple regressions, PC-1 was compared to environmental values at each source location. Regression analysis identified a four-variable model containing elevation, minimum January temperature, maximum October temperature, and February precipitation that explained 86% of the variability in PC-1 (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.0001). Spatial analysis using this regression model identified patterns of genetic diversity within the Pacific Northwest that can help guide germplasm selection (i.e., seed collections) for restoration and revegetation activities. C1 [Horning, Matthew E.; Mandel, Nancy L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McGovern, Theresa R.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Tangent Serv Ctr, Tangent, OR 97389 USA. [Darris, Dale C.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Corvallis Plant Mat Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Johnson, Randy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Horning, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mhorning@fs.fed.us FU USDA [2005-35101-15341]; USDA NRCS; Corvallis Plant Materials Center FX This study was funded by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, a USDA-NRI Managed Ecosystems competitive grant (2005-35101-15341), and the USDA NRCS, Corvallis Plant Materials Center. Our use of trade names is to provide information to the reader and does not constitute endorsement or preferential treatment of the named products. The authors thank S. Baxter for her help with data processing, K. Vance-Borland for his valuable assistance with the spatial analysis, and M. Corning for contributing to the initial seed collections. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 235 EP 243 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00441.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571NC UT WOS:000275757500014 ER PT J AU Kim, T Cho, BK Kim, MS AF Kim, Taemin Cho, Byoung -Kwan Kim, Moon S. TI Emission filter design to detect poultry skin tumors using fluorescence hyperspectral imaging SO REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIENCIAS PECUARIAS LA English DT Article DE emission filter; hyperspectral imaging model; image enhancement; linear discriminant analysis; poultry skin tumors; spectrofluorimetry ID FECAL CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN CARCASSES; FOOD QUALITY; SYSTEM; REFLECTANCE; INSPECTION; SAFETY; IMAGES AB This paper presents an optimal emission filter of the fluorescence imaging system to detect skin tumors on poultry carcasses. The secure production of disease-free meat is crucial in the mass production environment. The fluorescence spectra have been gaining the practical use in many areas because the fluorescence response is very sensitive in detecting trace elements. The spectral features of the specimen are embedded across broad spectral bands and have been analyzed in various methods. We apply the linear discriminant analysis to determine the emission filter of fluorescence imaging system. It provides the optimal attenuation of emission wavelengths in terms of discriminant power. The attenuation values prioritize wavelengths to select significant spectral bands. With the optimal filter, skin tumor parts of chicken carcasses are enhanced saliently in resultant fluorescence images. C1 [Cho, Byoung -Kwan] Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Kim, Taemin] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kim, Moon S.] ARS, Food Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cho, BK (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, 220 Gung Dong, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM tmkim@kaist.ac.kr NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV ANTIOQUIA, FAC CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PI MEDELLIN PA CIUDADELA ROBLEDO, CARRERA 75 NO 65-87 OF 6-225, APARTADO AEREO 1226, MEDELLIN, 00000, COLOMBIA SN 0120-0690 J9 REV COLOMB CIENC PEC JI Rev. Colomb Cienc. Pecu. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 23 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 583ZE UT WOS:000276718600002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, VH Griswold, T Ayala, R AF Gonzalez, Victor H. Griswold, Terry Ayala, Ricardo TI Two new species of nocturnal bees of the genus Megalopta (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with keys to species SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE Augochlorini; Apoidea; parasites; keys; systematics ID AUGOCHLORINI AB Megalopta Smith, 1853, is a Neotropical genus of nocturnal or crepuscular bees. Two subgenera are recognized with most of its nearly 30 species placed in the nominate subgenus. Species of Megalopta s. str. are more commonly collected than species of Noctoraptor Engel et al. 1997, all presumably parasites of Megalopta s. str. Two new species of Megalopta are described here: M (Megalopta) tetewana, n. sp., from Mexico and M (Noctoraptor) huaoranii, n. sp., from Ecuador. Identification keys to the Central American species of Megalopta s. str. and the species of the parasitic subgenus Noctoraptor arc presented. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1): 255-263. Epub 2010 March 01. C1 [Gonzalez, Victor H.; Griswold, Terry] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Ayala, Ricardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Estac Biol Chamela, San Patricio Jalisco 48980, Mexico. RP Gonzalez, VH (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM victorgonzab@gmail.com; Terry.Griswold@ars.usda.gov; rayala@ibiologia.unam.mx RI Gonzalez Betancourt, Victor /B-9528-2011; Gonzalez, Victor/B-4072-2015 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0742998] FX Claus Rasmussen, Cecilia Waichert, and three anonymous reviewers made significant comments that helped to improve this note; Harold Ikerd (BBSL) produced the map and assisted with the database; Charles D. Michener, Michael S. Engel, Zack Falin, and Jennifer Thomas provided access to the bee collection at SEMC; Wojciech Pulawski at CAS for lending us the Megalopta specimens from Nicaragua. This study was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DEB-0742998. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, 00000, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 EI 2215-2075 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 255 EP 263 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 585VU UT WOS:000276859100018 PM 20411720 ER PT J AU Jong, YK AF Jong, Yoon Kee TI Recent Developments in Protective Clothing SO SEN-I GAKKAISHI LA Japanese DT Review C1 [Jong, Yoon Kee] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jong, Yoon Kee] USDA, No Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Jong, Yoon Kee] Dankook Univ, Personal Protect Equipment Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Jong, Yoon Kee] Dankook Univ, Dept Fiber Syst Engn, Seoul, South Korea. [Jong, Yoon Kee] Dankook Univ, Ctr Innovat Engn Educ, Seoul, South Korea. RP Jong, YK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Text, Fiber & Polymer Sci Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC FIBER SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI TOKYO PA KAMIOSAKI 3-3-9-208, SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141-0025, JAPAN SN 0037-9875 J9 SEN-I GAKKAISHI JI Sen-I Gakkaishi PD MAR PY 2010 VL 66 IS 3 BP P106 EP P113 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 589SH UT WOS:000277173200007 ER PT J AU Parrado, EA Kandel, WA AF Parrado, Emilio A. Kandel, William A. TI Hispanic Population Growth and Rural Income Inequality SO SOCIAL FORCES LA English DT Article ID ECONOMIC-GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; LABOR-MARKET; IMMIGRATION; COUNTRIES; FAMILIES; EARNINGS; TRENDS; WAGES; IMPACT AB We analyze the relationship between Hispanic population growth and changes in U.S. rural income inequality from 1990 through 2000. Applying comparative approaches used for urban areas we disentangle Hispanic population growth's contribution to inequality by comparing and statistically modeling changes in the family income Gini coefficient across four rural county types: established Hispanic, rapidly growing Hispanic, rapidly growing non-Hispanic, and slow-growth or declining counties. Results support perspectives that stress growing social heterogeneity for understanding the contribution of minority population growth to inequality, including changes in human capital and industrial restructuring. We find remarkably similar inequality growth across rapidly growing Hispanic and non-Hispanic counties. This suggests that growing rural inequality stems largely from economic expansion and population growth rather than changing Hispanic composition. C1 [Parrado, Emilio A.] Univ Penn, Dept Sociol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kandel, William A.] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Parrado, EA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Sociol, 3718 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM eparrado@sas.upenn.edu NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU UNIV NORTH CAROLINA PRESS PI CHAPEL HILL PA BOX 2288, JOURNALS DEPT, CHAPEL HILL, NC 27515-2288 USA SN 0037-7732 J9 SOC FORCES JI Soc. Forces PD MAR PY 2010 VL 88 IS 3 BP 1421 EP 1450 PG 30 WC Sociology SC Sociology GA 581CV UT WOS:000276499600018 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S AF Goldberg, Sabine TI Competitive Adsorption of Molybdenum in the Presence of Phosphorus or Sulfur on Gibbsite SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Constant capacitance model; triple-layer model; surface complexation model ID ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION INTERFACE; PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION; MOLYBDATE SORPTION; WATER INTERFACE; OXIDE MINERALS; SOILS; SURFACE; MODEL AB Anion adsorption on the aluminum oxide, gibbsite, was investigated as a function of solution pH (3Y11) and equilibrium solution Mo (3.13, 31.3, or 313 mu mol/L), P (96.9 mu mol/L), or S (156 mu mol/L) concentration. Adsorption of all three anions decreased with increasing pH. Electrophoretic mobility measurements indicated a downward shift in point of zero charge, indicative of an inner-sphere adsorption mechanism for all three anions. The constant capacitance model, having an inner-sphere adsorption mechanism, was able to describe Mo and P adsorption; whereas the triple-layer model with an outer-sphere adsorption mechanism was used to describe S adsorption. Competitive adsorption experiments showed a reduction of Mo adsorption at a Mo/P ratio of 1:30 and 1:300 but no reduction at a Mo/S ratio of 1:52 and 1:520. These concentrations are realistic of natural systems where Mo is found in much lesser concentrations than P or S. Using surface complexation constants from single-ion systems, the triple-layer model predicted that even elevated S concentrations did not affect Mo adsorption. The constant capacitance model was able to predict the competitive effect of P on Mo adsorption semiquantitatively. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Goldberg, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM sabine.goldberg@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 175 IS 3 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181d3462f PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 574HM UT WOS:000275980000001 ER PT J AU Follett, RF AF Follett, Ronald F. TI Symposium: Soil Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Follett, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM Ronald.Follett@ars.usda.ars NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 345 EP 346 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.cseqghgsymp.intro PG 2 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300001 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. TI Achieving Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration with Conservation Agricultural Systems in the Southeastern United States SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN PIEDMONT USA; GREENHOUSE-GAS CONTRIBUTIONS; NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; LONG-TERM; COASTAL-PLAIN; BULK-DENSITY; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN STORAGE; NO-TILL AB Conservation management of degraded land has the potential to build soil fertility, restore soil functions, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions as a consequence of surface soil organic matter accumulation. Literature from the southeastern United States was reviewed and synthesized to: (i) quantitatively evaluate the magnitude and rate of soil organic C (SOC) sequestration with conservation agricultural management; (ii) evaluate how conservation management affects surface SOC accumulation and its implications on ecosystem services; and (iii) recommend practical soil sampling strategies based on spatial and temporal issues to improve the detection of statistically significant SOC sequestration. Soil organic C sequestration was 0.45 +/- 0.04 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean +/- standard error, n = 147, 20 +/- 1 cm depth, 11 +/- 1 yr) with conservation tillage compared with conventional tillage cropland. Establishment of perennial pastures sequestered 0.84 +/- 0.11 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) (n = 35, 25 +/- 2 cm depth, 17 +/- 1 yr). Stratification of SOC with depth was common under conservation agricultural management and appears to be integrally linked to abatement of soil erosion, improvement in water quality, and SOC sequestration. Sampling of conservation management systems should ideally occur repeatedly with time in controlled and replicated experiments, but there is also an urgent need for chronosequence and paired-field surveys of SOC on working farms in the region to validate and expand the scope of inference of experimental results. Landowners in the southeastern United States have great potential to restore soil fertility and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions with the adoption of and improvement in conservation agricultural systems (e.g., continuous no-till, high-residue crop rotations, high organic matter inputs). C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [2001-35107-11126, 2007-35107-17868]; U.S. Dep. of Energy, Office of Science [DE-IA02-00ER63021]; Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn, and Cotton Incorporated [05-712] FX The excellent technical support provided by Steve Knapp is greatly appreciated. Thanks are also extended to Kim Lyness, Josh Cown, Amanda Limbaugh, Devin Berry, Carson Pruitt, and Zack Schroer, who provided assistance at various times. Appreciation is extended to the multiple funding sources that fostered data collection and synthesis of ideas, including USDA-ARS (base and GRACEnet sources), U.S. Dep. of Energy, Office of Science (Grant no. DE-IA02-00ER63021), USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program, Soil Processes (Agr. no. 2001-35107-11126 and 2007-35107-17868), Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Corn, and Cotton Incorporated (Agr. no. 05-712). NR 65 TC 98 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 78 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 347 EP 357 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0079 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300002 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Tanaka, DL Gross, JR AF Liebig, M. A. Tanaka, D. L. Gross, J. R. TI Fallow Effects on Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Flux in Central North Dakota SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; GREAT-PLAINS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; WESTERN CANADA; ORGANIC-CARBON; COVER CROPS; LONG-TERM; NO; QUALITY AB The inclusion of cover crops during fallow (i.e., green fallow) may mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dryland cropping systems. An investigation was conducted to quantify the effects of chemical and green fallow on soil organic C (SOC) and CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O flux within spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (chemical fallow) and spring wheat-safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) (green fallow) under no-till management in west-central North Dakota. Using static chamber methodology, flux measurements were made during 19 mo of the fallow period of each cropping system. Soil samples collected before initiation of flux measurements indicated no difference in SOC in the surface 10 cm between cropping systems. Additionally, differences in gas flux between cropping systems were few Emission of CO(2) was greater under green fallow than chemical fallow during spring thaw until the termination of rye (P = 0.0071). Uptake of atmospheric CH(4) was the dominant exchange process during the evaluation period, and was significantly (P = 0.0124) greater under chemical fallow (-2.7 g CH(4)-C ha(-1) d(-1)) than green fallow (-1.5 g CH(4)-C ha(-1) d(-1)) following the termination of rye. Cumulative fluxes of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O did not differ between the chemical- and green-fallow phases during the 19-mo period (P = 0.1293, 0.2629, and 0.9979, respectively). The results from this evaluation suggest there was no net GHG benefit from incorporating a rye cover crop during the fallow phase of a dryland cropping system under no-till management. C1 [Liebig, M. A.; Tanaka, D. L.; Gross, J. R.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM mark.liebig@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX We acknowledge the Area IV Soil Conservation Districts in North Dakota for providing land to conduct the research reported here. We thank Angela Renner, Becky Wald, and Danny Wikenheiser for their assistance with sample collection and laboratory analyses. We also thank Hero Gollany and Ardell Halvorson for their helpful suggestions to improve an earlier version of this manuscript. This publication is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS GRACEnet Project. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 358 EP 365 DI 10.2136/sssaj2008.0368 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300003 ER PT J AU Qian, YL Follett, RF Kimble, JM AF Qian, Yaling Follett, Ronald F. Kimble, John M. TI Soil Organic Carbon Input from Urban Turfgrasses SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEQUESTRATION; TURNOVER; SYSTEMS; STORAGE; MATTER; CORN; GRASSES; MODEL AB Turfgrass is a major vegetation type in the urban and suburban environment. Management practices such as species selection, irrigation, and mowing may affect C input and storage in these systems. Research was conducted to determine the rate of soil organic C (SOC) changes, soil C sequestration, and SOC decomposition of fine fescue (Festuca spp.) (rainfed and irrigated), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (irrigated), and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) (irrigated) using C isotope techniques. We found that 4 yr after establishment, about 17 to 24% of SOC at 0 to 10 cm and 1 to 13% from 10 to 20 cm was derived from turfgrass. Irrigated fine fescue added the most SOC (3.35 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1)) to the 0- to 20-cm soil profile but also had the highest rate of SOC decomposition (2.61 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1)). The corresponding additions and decomposition rates for unirrigated fine fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and creeping bentgrass in the top 20-cm soil profile were 1.39 and 0.87, 2.05 and 1.73, and 2.28 and 1.50 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. Irrigation increased both SOC input and decomposition. We found that all turfgrasses exhibited significant C sequestration (0.32-0.78 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) during he first 4 yr after turf establishment. The net C sequestration rate was higher, however, for irrigated fine fescue and creeping bentgrass than for Kentucky bluegrass. To evaluate total C balance, additional work is needed to evaluate the total C budget and fluxes of the other greenhouse gases in turfgrass systems. C1 [Qian, Yaling] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Follett, Ronald F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Kimble, John M.] USDA NRCS, Addison, NY 14801 USA. RP Qian, YL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Yaling.Qian@colostate.edu FU USDA-ARS; Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station; International Turf Producer's Foundation FX We gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of Mr. Edward Buenger and Ms. Elizabeth Pruessner in the Soil-Plant-Nutrient Research Unit of the USDA-ARS, the important contributions of Ms. Sarah Wilhelm in the Dep. of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at Colorado State University, the important assistance provided by the National Soil Survey Laboratory of the NRCS, and field assistance and coordination with NRCS by Mr. Steve Scheinost, Assistant State Soil Scientist for the NRCS in Nebraska. We are grateful to Mr. Ryan Krings, the superintendent of Arbor Links Golf Course. This study is partially supported by USDA-ARS funding to address the objectives of the GRACEnet Cross Location Research project, by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, and by the International Turf Producer's Foundation. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 366 EP 371 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0075 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300004 ER PT J AU Gollany, HT Novak, JM Liang, Y Albrecht, SL Rickman, RW Follett, RF Wilhelm, WW Hunt, PG AF Gollany, H. T. Novak, J. M. Liang, Y. Albrecht, S. L. Rickman, R. W. Follett, R. F. Wilhelm, W. W. Hunt, P. G. TI Simulating Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics with Residue Removal Using the CQESTR Model SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; NO-TILL CORN; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; COASTAL-PLAIN SOIL; CROP RESIDUE; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; STOVER REMOVAL; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; REDUCED TILLAGE AB Concerns about CO(2) emissions and fossil fuel supplies have enhanced interest in using crop residues for biofuel production; however, maintaining soil organic C (SOC) through residue return is vital for maintaining sod productivity. Our objectives were to simulate long-term SOC dynamics using CQESTR and to examine the effect of residue harvest on SOC stocks under disking (DT) and conservation tillage (CS). A long-term study in the mid-Coastal Plain region of South Carolina was used to simulate four residue harvest rates (0, 50,66, and 90%) during two harvest periods. The yearly variation of SOC was predicted well (r(2) = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Without residue removal, average increases of 0.10 and 0.39 g SOC kg(-1) yr(-1) were predicted under DT and CS, respectively, consistent with observed increases of 0.12 and 0.44 g SOC kg(-1) yr(-1). After 23 yr, simulated SOC stock gain was more than threefold greater under CS than DT (9.0 vs. 2.4 g SOC kg(-1)). The model predicted 1.86 and 4.47 g SOC kg(-1) losses in the top 5 cm of soil under DT and CS, respectively, during 23 yr of 66% residue harvest compared with no residue harvest. The predicted SOC stocks under CS were similar to 5 g SOC kg(-1) greater than under DT, however, even with 90% residue harvest. The quantities of crop residue that can be sustainably harvested were directly influenced by the initial SOC concentration and tillage practices. While CS can somewhat mitigate the loss of soil C, residue harvest from loamy sand soils may have an adverse impact on SOC stocks. C1 [Gollany, H. T.; Albrecht, S. L.; Rickman, R. W.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Novak, J. M.; Hunt, P. G.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Liang, Y.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Follett, R. F.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wilhelm, W. W.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gollany, HT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM hero.gollany@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Wallace W. Wilhelm. We thank Dr. C. Walthall for his support of the modeling effort, and Dr. M.A. Liebig for helpful comments. Technical assistance and data collection by Mr. Don Watts is gratefully acknowledged. This publication is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS under the GRACEnet and REAP projects. NR 86 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 372 EP 383 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0086 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300005 ER PT J AU Johnson, JMF Archer, D Barbour, N AF Johnson, Jane M. F. Archer, David Barbour, Nancy TI Greenhouse Gas Emission from Contrasting Management Scenarios in the Northern Corn Belt SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; IRRIGATED CROPPING SYSTEMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX; SOIL CARBON; N2O EMISSIONS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; SAMPLING FREQUENCY; TILLAGE; AGRICULTURE; METHANE AB The agricultural sector is a small but significant contributor to the overall anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and a major contributor of N(2)O emission in the United States. Land management practices or systems that reduce GHG emission would aid in slowing climate change. We measured the emission of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O from three management scenarios: business as usual (BAU), maximum C sequestration (MAXC), and optimum greenhouse gas benefits (OGGB). The BAU scenario was chisel or moldboard plowed, fertilized, in a 2-yr rotation (corn [Zea mays L.]-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]). The MAXC and OGGB scenarios were strip tilled in a 4-yr rotation (corn-soybean-wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]/alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.]-alfalfa). The MAXC received fertilizer inputs but the OGGB scenario was not fertilized. Nitrous oxide, CO(2), and CH(4) emissions were collected using vented static chambers. Carbon dioxide flux increased briefly following tillage, but the impact of tillage was negligible when CO(2) flux was integrated across an entire year. The sod tended to be neutral to a slight CH(4) sink under these managements scenarios. The N(2)O flux during spring thaw accounted for up to 65% of its annual emission, compared with 6% or less due to application of N fertilizer. Annual cumulative emissions of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O did not vary significantly among these three management scenarios. Reducing tillage and increasing the length of the crop rotation did not appreciably change GHG emissions, Strategies that reduce N(2)O flux during spring thaw could reduce annual N(2)O emission. C1 [Johnson, Jane M. F.; Barbour, Nancy] USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Archer, David] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Johnson, JMF (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM jane.johnson@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040; Johnson, Jane/0000-0002-1687-4007 NR 71 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 43 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 396 EP 406 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0008 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300007 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Dolan, MS Ochsner, TE AF Venterea, Rodney T. Dolan, Michael S. Ochsner, Tyson E. TI Urea Decreases Nitrous Oxide Emissions Compared with Anhydrous Ammonia in a Minnesota Corn Cropping System SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; N2O EMISSIONS; GAS FLUXES; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; ROTATION; CHAMBER; DENITRIFICATION AB Quantifying N(2)O emissions from corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] fields under different fertilizer regimes is essential to developing national inventories of greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study was to compare N(2)O emissions in plots managed for more than 15 yr under continuous corn (C/C) vs. a corn-soybean (C/S) rotation that were fertilized during the corn phase with either anhydrous NH(3) (AA) or urea (U). During three growing seasons, N(2)O emissions from corn following corn were nearly identical to corn following soybean. In both systems, however, N(2)O emissions with AA were twice the emissions with U After accounting for N(2)O emissions during the soybean phase, it was estimated that a shift from C/S to C/C would result in an increase in annual emissions of 0.78 kg N ha(-1) (equivalent to 0.11 Mg CO(2)-C ha(-1)) when AA was used, compared with only 0.21 kg N ha(-1) (0.03 Mg N(2)O-C ha(-1)) with U In light of trends toward increased use of U, these results suggest that fertilizer-induced soil N(2)O emissions may decline in the future, at least per unit of applied N, although further study is needed in different soils and cropping systems. While soil CO(2) emissions were 20% higher under C/C, crop residue from the prior year did not affect soil inorganic N or dissolved organic C during the subsequent season. We also compared different flux-calculation schemes, including a new method for correcting chamber-induced errors, and found that selection of a calculation method altered N(2)O emissions estimates by as much as 35%. C1 [Venterea, Rodney T.; Dolan, Michael S.; Ochsner, Tyson E.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rod.venterea@ars.usda.gov RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 FU USDA-ARS FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Anne Claussen, Stephanie Claussen, London Losey, Jim Rowe, Rebecca Schaubach, Todd Schumacher, and Adam Stanenas. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS as part of the GRACEnet Project. NR 37 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 36 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 407 EP 418 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0078 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300008 ER PT J AU Hyatt, CR Venterea, RT Rosen, CJ McNearney, M Wilson, ML Dolan, MS AF Hyatt, Charles R. Venterea, Rodney T. Rosen, Carl J. McNearney, Matthew Wilson, Melissa L. Dolan, Michael S. TI Polymer-Coated Urea Maintains Potato Yields and Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Minnesota Loamy Sand SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; GREENHOUSE-GAS FLUXES; N2O EMISSIONS; N FERTILIZER; FIELD; NITRATE; SOIL; ROTATION; COMPACTION; MANAGEMENT AB Irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production requires large inputs of N, and therefore has high potential for N loss including emissions of N2O. Two strategies for reducing N loss include split applications of conventional fertilizers, and single applications of polymer-coated urea (PCU), both of which aim to better match the timing of N availability with plant demand. The objective of this 3-yr study was to compare N2O emissions and potato yields following a conventional split application (CSA) using multiple additions of soluble fertilizers with single preplant applications of two different PCUs (PCU-1 and PCU-2) in a loamy sand in Minnesota. Each treatment received 270 kg of fertilizer N ha(-1) per season. An unfertilized control treatment was included in 2 of 3 yr. Tuber yields did not vary among fertilizer treatments, but N2O emissions were significantly higher with CSA than PCU-1. During 3 consecutive yr, mean growing season emissions were 1.36, 0.83, and 1.13 kg N2O-N ha(-1) with CSA, PCU-1, and PCU-2, respectively, compared with emissions of 0.79 and 0.42 kg N2O-N ha(-1) in the control. The PCU-1 released N more slowly during in situ incubation than PCU-2, although differences in N2O emitted by the two PCUs were not generally significant, Fertilizer-induced emissions were relatively low, ranging from 0.10 to 0.15% of applied N with PCU-1 up to 0.25 to 0.49% with CSA. These results show that N application strategies utilizing PCUs can maintain yields, reduce costs associated with split applications, and also reduce N2O emissions. C1 [Venterea, Rodney T.; Dolan, Michael S.] USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Hyatt, Charles R.; Rosen, Carl J.; McNearney, Matthew; Wilson, Melissa L.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rod.venterea@ars.usda.gov RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Rosen, Carl/L-2622-2013 OI Rosen, Carl/0000-0002-0098-2230 FU USDA-ARS; Foundation for Agronomic Research; Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co. Ltd. FX We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Anna Dwinnel, Lianne Endo, Sonya Ewert, Brian Horgan, Jason Leonard, Kristin Petersen, William Shanley, and Lindsay Watson. This work was supported by the USDA-ARS as part of the GRACEnet Project, the Foundation for Agronomic Research, and Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co. Ltd. NR 37 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0126 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300009 ER PT J AU Sistani, KR Warren, JG Lovanh, N Higgins, S Shearer, S AF Sistani, K. R. Warren, J. G. Lovanh, N. Higgins, S. Shearer, S. TI Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Swine Effluent Applied to Soil by Different Methods SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE FLUXES; CATTLE SLURRY; SURFACE APPLICATION; INJECTION; FERTILIZER; GRASSLAND; AMMONIA; TILLAGE; METHANE; FIELD AB Greenhouse gas (CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O) emissions were measured in a field experiment evaluating preplant swine effluent application methods for no-till corn (Zea mays L.) grain production. The treatments included a control, an inorganic fertilizer treatment receiving 179 kg N ha(-1) as urea-NH(4)NO(3) (UAN), and three effluent application methods that received a target rate of 200 kg N ha(-1). The effluent treatments included surface application, direct injection, and application in combination with soil aeration. Gas emission measurements were initiated after application and collected throughout the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons using a vented chamber technique. There were no significant differences in CO(2) losses, which averaged 738 and 718 g CO(2) m(-2) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Placement of effluent below the soil surface by injection or aeration resulted in elevated CH(4) emissions compared with the control. Injection emitted significantly more CH(4) than surface applications, with emissions of 0.26 and 0.80 g CH(4) m(-2) from the injection treatments in 2007 and 2008, respectively. In 2007, N(2)O emissions were similar for the UAN, surface effluent, and aeration effluent treatments, emitting an average of 0.72 g N(2)O m(-2). In contrast, the injection treatment emitted 0.47 g N(2)O m(-2). In 2008, this trend was reversed, with the injection treatment emitting 0.82 g N(2)O m(-2) and the remaining N source treatments emitting an average of 0.36 g N(2)O m(-2). These differences between years probably resulted from differences in rainfall distribution. These results demonstrate that climatic conditions and application method need consideration when evaluating the impact of liquid manure management on greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Sistani, K. R.; Lovanh, N.] USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Warren, J. G.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Higgins, S.; Shearer, S.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Sistani, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Management Res Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM karamat.sistani@ars.usda.gov RI Shearer, Scott/C-8055-2012 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 429 EP 435 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0076 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300010 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Del Grosso, SJ Alluvione, F AF Halvorson, Ardell D. Del Grosso, Stephen J. Alluvione, Francesco TI Tillage and Inorganic Nitrogen Source Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Irrigated Cropping Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN COLORADO; NO-TILL; FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; CONTINUOUS CORN; N2O EMISSIONS; FLUXES AB Nitrogen fertilization is essential for optimizing crop yields; however, it increases N(2)O emissions. The study objective was to compare N(2)O emissions resulting from application of commercially available enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers with emissions from conventional dry granular urea in irrigated cropping systems. Nitrous oxide emissions were monitored from corn (Zea mays L.) based rotations receiving fertilizer rates of 246 kg N ha(-1) when in corn, 56 kg N ha(-1) when in drybean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and 157 kg N ha(-1) when in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare). Cropping systems included conventional-till continuous corn (CT-CC), no-till continuous corn (NT-CC), no-till corn-dry bean (NT-CDb), and no-till corn-barley (NT-CB). In the NT-CC and CT-CC systems, a controlled-release, polymer-coated urea (ESN) and dry granular urea were compared. In the NT-CDb and NT-CB rotations, a stabilized urea source (SuperU) was compared with urea. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured during two growing seasons using static, vented chambers and a gas chromatograph analyzer. Cumulative growing season N(2)O emissions from urea and ESN application were not different under CT-CC, but ESN reduced N(2)O emissions 49% compared with urea under NT-CC. Compared with urea, SuperU reduced N(2)O emissions by 27% in drybean and 54% in corn in the NT-CDb rotation and by 19% in barley and 51% in corn in the NT-CB rotation. This work shows that the use of no-till and enhanced-efficiency N fertilizers can potentially reduce N(2)O emissions from irrigated systems. C1 [Halvorson, Ardell D.; Del Grosso, Stephen J.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Alluvione, Francesco] Univ Turin, Dep Agron Forestry & Land Management, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg D,Ste 100, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 FU International Plant Nutrition Institute; Foundation for Agronomic Research with support from Agrium Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; Agrium Advanced Technologies, Sylacauga, AL; Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO; USDA-ARS FX We thank C. Reule, M. Smith, B. Floyd, S. Skiles, P. Norris, R. D'Adamo, and the ARDEC staff for their technical assistance in plot establishment and maintenance, data collection, and analyses. We thank the International Plant Nutrition Institute and the Foundation for Agronomic Research with support from Agrium Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; Agrium Advanced Technologies, Sylacauga, AL; and Agrotain International, St. Louis, MO, for providing products and financial support of this project. This publication is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS under the GRACEner Project. NR 30 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 41 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 436 EP 445 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0072 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300011 ER PT J AU Archer, DW Halvorson, AD AF Archer, David W. Halvorson, Ardell D. TI Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Economics for Irrigated Cropping Systems in Northeastern Colorado SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL CARBON SEQUESTRATION; NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CORN YIELD RESPONSE; NO-TILL; NORTHERN COLORADO; CONVENTIONAL-TILL; AGRICULTURE; ROTATION; FLUX AB Recent soil and crop management technologies have potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions; however, these management strategies must be profitable if they are to be adopted by producers. The economic feasibility of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated cropping systems was evaluated for 5 yr on a Fort Coffins clay loam soil (a fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustalf). Cropping system Is included conventional tillage continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CT-CC), no-till continuous corn (NT-CC), and no-till corn-bean (NT-CB) including 1 yr soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and 1 yr dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The study included six N fertilization rates ranging from 0 to 246 kg ha(-1). Results showed highest average net returns for NT-CB, exceeding net returns for NT-CC and CT-CC by US$182 and US$228 ha(-1), respectively, at economically optimum N fertilizer rates. Net global warming potential (GWP) generally increased with increasing N fertilizer rate with the exception of NT-CC, where net GWP initially declined and then increased at higher N rates. Combining economic and net GWP measurements showed that producers have an economic incentive to switch from CT-CC to NT-CB, increasing annual average net returns by US$228 ha(-1) while reducing annual net GWP by 929 kg CO(2) equivalents ha(-1). The greatest GWP reductions (1463 kg CO(2) equivalents ha(-1)) could be achieved by switching from CT-CC to NT-CC while also increasing net returns, but the presence of a more profitable NT-CB alternative means NT-CC is unlikely to be chosen without additional economic incentives. C1 [Archer, David W.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Archer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459,1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM david.archer@ars.usda.gov OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 FU USDA-ARS FX This publication is based on work supported by the USDA-ARS under the GRACEnet Project. We thank Jerry Buckley for assistance with crop enterprise budget data entry. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 446 EP 452 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0080 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300012 ER PT J AU Savva, Y Szlavecz, K Pouyat, RV Groffman, PM Heisler, G AF Savva, Yulia Szlavecz, Katalin Pouyat, Richard V. Groffman, Peter M. Heisler, Gordon TI Effects of Land Use and Vegetation Cover on Soil Temperature in an Urban Ecosystem SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE; MODEL; CLIMATE; FORESTS; URBANIZATION; GRADIENTS; COMMUNITY; DYNAMICS; MARYLAND; IMPACT AB Human activity has changed land surfaces by converting native ecosystems to urban and agricultural land uses. This conversion has caused increases in air and soil temperatures that influence soil C and N cycling. Efforts to model changes in soil temperature resulting from urban land use change have not accounted for changes in both plant cover and land use and thus fail to produce accurate predictions at high-resolution spatial and temporal scales. We measured average daily soil temperature at a 10-cm depth at urban and rural forest and grassland sites for 8 yr in the Baltimore, MD, metropolitan area and developed a model of the average daily soil temperature that accounts for two vegetation and two land use types. Average annual soil temperature was higher in urban than rural sites under both turfgrass (15.0 degrees C vs. C vs. 13.5 degrees C) and forest (12.6 degrees C vs. 12.2 degrees C). The application of climate-change scenarios predicted by general circulation models to our soil temperature model suggested that the highest increases in mean soil temperatures will occur in August, September, February, and March, and will range from 1.2 to 2.0 degrees C, while air temperature is predicted to change from 3.4 to 5.6 degrees C between 2070 and 2099. The model can be used to predict the average daily soil temperature in the Baltimore area for sites with similar hydrologic and soil conditions, i.e., remote from the shoreline and characterized by loamy soils. C1 [Savva, Yulia; Szlavecz, Katalin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Pouyat, Richard V.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. [Groffman, Peter M.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. [Heisler, Gordon] US Forest Serv, SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Savva, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM julia.savva@uqat.ca OI Szlavecz, Katalin/0000-0003-2504-0298 FU Microsoft Research; National Science Foundation [DEB-0423476]; USEPA-NSF [GAD-R825792]; Northern Research Station; US. Forest Service FX This study was supported by funding from Microsoft Research, the National Science Foundation LTER program (Grant no. DEB-0423476), USEPA-NSF joint program in Water and Watersheds (Project GAD-R825792), and the Northern Research Station, US. Forest Service. We thank Dan Dillon and Jayant Gupchup for their contribution to the data collection, and Alex Szalay, Samuel Lee Carliles, Ian Yesilonis, and Marc Mazerolle for helpful discussions, and reviewers. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 37 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 469 EP 480 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0107 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300015 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Bonta, JV Shipitalo, MJ AF Owens, L. B. Bonta, J. V. Shipitalo, M. J. TI USDA-ARS North Appalachian Experimental Watershed: 70-Year Hydrologic, Soil Erosion, and Water Quality Database SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; CORN PRODUCTION; SURFACE RUNOFF; NITRATE; LOSSES; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; LYSIMETERS; MANAGEMENT; TILLAGE AB Hydrologic data from agricultural watersheds are necessary to identify long-term trends and to develop and validate hydrologic and water quality models. These types of data have been collected for 70 yr at the North Appalachian Experimental Watershed (NAEW) near Coshocton, OH. The NAEW has 19 small (0.5-3.0-ha), single-land-use watersheds for which surface runoff data have been collected year round on an event basis for various time periods since 1939. There are six large (17-123-ha), mixed-use watersheds with perennial streams where flow is measured continuously. Hydrologic data have been collected from 11, 2.4-m-deep, 8.1-m(2) surface area monolith lysimeters. Meteorological, land management, and soil property data are available. Water quality data have been collected from watersheds and lysimeters since the early 1970s. Collaborative research efforts utilizing this resource are encouraged; the NAEW web site (www.ars.usda.gov/mwa/coshocton; verified 19 Dec. 2009) has detailed information on the types of available data. Data are available through the authors. C1 [Owens, L. B.; Bonta, J. V.; Shipitalo, M. J.] USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM lloyd.owens@ars.usda.gov OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 619 EP 623 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0196N PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300031 ER PT J AU Bolster, CH Tellinghuisen, J AF Bolster, Carl H. Tellinghuisen, Joel TI On the Significance of Properly Weighting Sorption Data for Least Squares Analysis SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS SORPTION; VARIABLES; SUBJECT; ERROR; SOILS; DISTRIBUTIONS; UNCERTAINTIES; REGRESSION; MANURES AB In this study, we examined the role of proper weighting in the least squares (LS) analysis of P sorption data when both the dependent (y) and independent (x) variables contain heteroscedastic errors. We compared parameter estimates and uncertainties obtained with umveighted LS (ULS) regression with those obtained using two different weighted LS (WLS) regression methods. In the first WLS method, we weighted the data by the inverse of the variance in V. In the second WLS method, we included the variance in x when calculating the weights. This method, commonly referred to as the effective variance method, has primarily been applied to data with uncorrelated errors in x and y, conditions not representative of sorption studies where values of y are calculated from measure values of x. Therefore, in this study we tested a modified version of the effective weighting function that specifically accounts for correlated errors in x and y. The accuracy of the different weighting methods was assessed using Monte Carlo simulations and high-replication sorption data obtained for three different soil types. Our findings show that the effective variance weighting method provides superior parameter estimates and uncertainties compared with ULS or traditional WLS methods, although the differences between the weighting methods were not always large enough to be of practical concern. We also found that weighting by the effective variance allowed improved assessments of model fits. Our findings are applicable to sorption studies where the dependent variable is calculated from measured values of the so-called independent variable C1 [Bolster, Carl H.] USDA ARS, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Tellinghuisen, Joel] Vanderbilt Univ, Dep Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Bolster, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM carl.bolster@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX This research was part of USDA-ARS National Program 206: Manure and By-product Utilization. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the description of experimental procedures and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the USDA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 670 EP 679 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0177 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 564BW UT WOS:000275187300037 ER PT J AU Jung, KY Kitchen, NR Sudduth, KA Lee, KS Chung, SO AF Jung, Ki-Yuol Kitchen, Newell R. Sudduth, Kenneth A. Lee, Kyou-Seung Chung, Sun-Ok TI Soil compaction varies by crop management system over a claypan soil landscape SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Penetrometer; Cone index; Compaction; Bulk density; Soil water content ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PENETRATION RESISTANCE; ROOT-GROWTH; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONE PENETROMETER; MOISTURE CONTENT; TILLAGE DEPTH; BULK-DENSITY; CORN GROWTH; STRENGTH AB While the effects of landscape position (LP) and management practices on soil compaction have been documented as individual factors. limited understanding exists of their interactions Such understanding is needed to prevent site-specific compaction and to better optimize soil management practices using precision agriculture principles and technologies The objective of this investigation was to quantify, for a typical claypan soil [Epiaqualfs (USDA), Stagnic Luvisols (WRB)]. the impacts and interactions of crop management system and LP on soil compaction as quantified by cone index (CI) and Cl-related variables. Cone penetrometer measurements were collected in 2004 at three claypan soil LP (summit, backslope, and footslope) for four different cropping systems [CS: mulch tillage corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] (MTCS), no-tillage corn-soybean (NTCS), no-tillage corn-soybean-wheat (Triticum aestivum L) (NTCSW), and conservation reserve program (CRP)] that had been in place for more than a decade Soils were sampled at the same time for soil water content (WC) and soil bulk density (BD) measurements Mean differences for response variables were examined using F-protected (P <= 0 05) LSD values Cone index averaged over soil depth differed by CS and LP At the footslope position, Cl for the NTCSW CS measured similar to 2 0 MPa in the upper 25 cm of soil, and was notably greater than the other management systems This outcome was attributed to the footslope staying wetter for a longer period during the spring and early summer because of un-removed cover crop plant residues. Wetter soils resulted in vulnerability to compaction during planting and spraying operations Compaction on CRP was predictably less than the grain CS at all LP because farm machinery traffic only occurred on this system with b(1)-annual weed mowing during the mid-summer These findings help bring to light where in claypan soil landscapes certain types of grain crop management will cause significant compaction. These areas could be targeted for further soil strength testing and then. when necessary, appropriate compaction remediation actions Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Kitchen, Newell R.; Sudduth, Kenneth A.] ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Jung, Ki-Yuol] RDA, NICS, Yeongnam Agr Res Inst, Milyang City, South Korea. [Lee, Kyou-Seung] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Biomechatron Engn, Suwon, South Korea. [Chung, Sun-Ok] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Bioind Machinery Engn, Taejon, South Korea. RP Kitchen, NR (reprint author), ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU the international joint project, "Development of Site-specific Optimum Soil Management Strategies and In situ Soil Physical and Chemical Property Sensors for Realization of Environment-friendly Precision Agriculture"; Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea; USDA-ARS FX The authors acknowledge the contributions of Scott Drummond to data collection, data processing, and software development. This research was supported in part the international joint project, "Development of Site-specific Optimum Soil Management Strategies and In situ Soil Physical and Chemical Property Sensors for Realization of Environment-friendly Precision Agriculture" between the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, and USDA-ARS. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.still.2009.12.007 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 585MV UT WOS:000276830700001 ER PT J AU Imaz, MJ Virto, I Bescansa, P Enrique, A Fernandez-Ugalde, O Karlen, DL AF Imaz, M. J. Virto, I. Bescansa, P. Enrique, A. Fernandez-Ugalde, O. Karlen, D. L. TI Soil quality indicator response to tillage and residue management on semi-arid Mediterranean cropland SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Soil quality; Mediterranean soils; Conservation tillage; Minimum data set ID MINIMUM DATA SET; CONVENTIONAL FARMING SYSTEMS; PARTICULATE ORGANIC-MATTER; CONSERVATION-TILLAGE; EARTHWORM POPULATIONS; CULTIVATION; FRACTIONS; CARBON; SPAIN; STRATIFICATION AB No-tillage (NT) practices for raided cereal production in semi-and Mediterranean soils can conserve water and increase crop productivity, but producers are reluctant to adopt NT because of potential increases in penetration resistance and bulk density. We hypothesized that understanding soil quality could encourage NT adoption, but methods for selecting and assessing soil quality indicators needed to be developed for this region Our objectives were to (1) identify the most sensitive indicators for evaluating long-term tillage and residue management within this region using factor analysis, and (2) compare soil quality assessment using those indicators with traditional evaluations using changes in water retention, earthworm activity and organic matter stratification ratio Several soil physical, chemical, and biological indicators were measured within conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and NT (with and without stubble burning) treatments that represent a wide agro-climatic area in NE Spain. Sampling depth and management treatments significantly affected several indicators when evaluated individually and collectively Principal component analysis identified three factors that accounted for 75 and 85% of the variation in soil measurements for 0-5- and 5-15-cm depth increments Only two factors per depth showed significant differences among the four treatments. For both depth Increments, one factor grouped soil physical attributes, and the other organic matter and biological properties. The indicators with the greatest loadings were identified as the most sensitive in each factor. These were penetration resistance, particulate organic matter (POM) and total organic matter within the 0-5 cm layer, and aggregate stability and POM within the 5-15-cm increment. Factor scores were positively correlated to soil water retention, earthworm activity and organic matter stratification, which were all greater in NT, regardless of stubble management We conclude that (1) multivariate analyses are useful for selecting appropriate soil quality indicators, and (2) that adopting NT on Mediterranean semi-arid cropland can have several positive effects on soil quality within this region (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved C1 [Imaz, M. J.; Virto, I.; Bescansa, P.; Enrique, A.; Fernandez-Ugalde, O.] Univ Publ Navarra, ETSI Agron, Area Edafol & Quim Agr, Dept Ciencias Medio Nat, Pamplona 31006, Spain. [Karlen, D. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Imaz, MJ (reprint author), Univ Publ Navarra, ETSI Agron, Area Edafol & Quim Agr, Dept Ciencias Medio Nat, Campus Arrosadia S-N, Pamplona 31006, Spain. RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012; Virto, Inigo/L-9915-2015 OI Virto, Inigo/0000-0002-7682-4570 FU Gobierno de Navarra; Spanish Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA (Accion movilizadora de "Sumideros Agroforestales de Efecto Invernadero) [SUM2006-00012-0000] FX This research was supported by the Gobierno de Navarra and the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA (Accion movilizadora de "Sumideros Agroforestales de Efecto Invernadero, Ref. SUM2006-00012-0000). The technical assistance of the Institut Team y de Gestion Agricola (ITGA) is acknowledged as well. The authors thank the USDA-ARS National Soil Tilth Laboratory for the assistance during the research internship of Maria Jose Imaz in their laboratories Ana Vicente (Gobierno de Navarra) is particularly thanked for her valuable help in providing crops surfaces and yield data. NR 54 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 8 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 107 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.still.2010.02.003 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 585MV UT WOS:000276830700003 ER PT J AU Beldini, TP Mcnabb, KL Lockaby, BG Sanchez, FG Navegantes-Cancio, O AF Beldini, T. P. Mcnabb, K. L. Lockaby, B. G. Sanchez, F. G. Navegantes-Cancio, O. TI The effect of Amazonian Eucalyptus plantations on soil aggregates and organic matter density fractions SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Aggregates; Eucalyptus; Amazon; density fractionation ID RAIN-FOREST; NO-TILLAGE; CARBON; SIZE; CERRADO; CHRONOSEQUENCE; STABILIZATION; MECHANISMS; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN AB Afforestation with Eucalyptus species is increasing in Brazil, but there is little information on the impacts of intensively managed short-rotation forestry on soil aggregate dynamics and labile organic matter fractions in these tropical ecosystems. This study investigated soil aggregate dynamics in a clay and sandy soil, each with a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. It is shown that silviculture alters the processes of soil aggregate formation on both soil types. Micro-aggregates at 0-20 cm depth in the planted clay soil were 40% greater in mass than under native forest, and C and N were reduced by 87 and 75%, respectively. In plantations with a sandy soil, micro-aggregates had equal mass compared with native forest, but increased in C and N by 20 and 67%, respectively. The results from the sandy soil indicate that C and N increased in micro-aggregates following afforestation. Macro-organic matter fractions separated by density had lower mass, C, and N concentrations, and higher C:N ratios only in lower soil profiles, with native forest having greater values in all comparisons with light and medium fractions. The differences in micro-aggregate C and N and in the light and medium macro-organic matter fractions between the upper and lower soil profiles in both soils, indicate that silvicultural management had contrasting effects on different soil textures and at different depths. Increased micro-aggregate protection of C and N in the sandy plantation soil could negatively affect long-term nutrient cycling although the quantity and quality of light and medium macro-organic matter fractions did not change between plantation and native forest in the upper soil profile; this indicates that labile OM availability and quality had not been diminished in plantation soils at this depth. C1 [Beldini, T. P.] LBA Project, BR-68040010 Santarem, PA, Brazil. [Mcnabb, K. L.; Lockaby, B. G.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Sanchez, F. G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Navegantes-Cancio, O.] Projeto Florestal Vale, BR-68240000 Dom Elsieu, PA, Brazil. RP Beldini, TP (reprint author), LBA Project, Rua 24 Outubro 3707, BR-68040010 Santarem, PA, Brazil. EM tpbeldini@yahoo.com FU NASA Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia FX The authors thank Jari Celulose, S.A., for cooperation in all phases of this work, and Robin Governo for help with laboratory analyses. This work was supported by a grant from the NASA Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-0032 J9 SOIL USE MANAGE JI Soil Use Manage. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00248.x PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 557JX UT WOS:000274666500008 ER PT J AU Arriaga, FJ Kornecki, TS Balkcom, KS Raper, RL AF Arriaga, F. J. Kornecki, T. S. Balkcom, K. S. Raper, R. L. TI A method for automating data collection from a double-ring infiltrometer under falling head conditions SO SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Double-ring infiltrometer; hydraulic properties; infiltration ID SOIL QUALITY; SYSTEMS AB Estimating soil hydraulic properties, such as infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity, is important for understanding hydrological processes such as rainfall and irrigation partitioning. Current infiltrometers can require considerable operator input to limit the number of readings that can be simultaneously performed. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a simple double-ring infiltrometer for automated data collection under falling head conditions. The design consisted of 15.2-cm tall inner- and outer-rings of 14.6 and 33.0 cm in diameter, respectively. The inner-ring was held in the centre of the outer-ring by a small pipe that also served as a handle. A small hole was drilled 3.8 cm from the bottom of each ring and a slightly larger hose passed through both holes. One hose end led into the inside of the inner-ring and the opposite end to the outside of the outer-ring. A pressure transducer was attached to the outside end of the hose. A datalogger was used to record the transducer output. This design was compared in-situ to a constant head method using a Mariotte bottle system on two distinct soils and tested on four different soil series ranging in textural class from a loamy sand to a clay. Soils had been fallow prior to this work for at least 2 years, except the loamy sand which had a 5-year-old Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum) stand. Although there were some differences between the two approaches, values estimated with the proposed method had less variability. This method allows a single user to collect multiple readings. Collected data can be used to estimate quasi-steady state and cumulative infiltration, and in situ hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil. The proposed procedure could be beneficial when multiple readings of soil hydraulic properties are required, such as when characterizing soil spatial variability. C1 [Arriaga, F. J.; Kornecki, T. S.; Balkcom, K. S.; Raper, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Arriaga, FJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM francisco.arriaga@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-0032 J9 SOIL USE MANAGE JI Soil Use Manage. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1111/j.1475-2743.2009.00249.x PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 557JX UT WOS:000274666500009 ER PT J AU Pope, TL Block, WM AF Pope, Theresa L. Block, William M. TI EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED FIRE ON WINTER ASSEMBLAGES OF BIRDS IN PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS OF NORTHERN ARIZONA SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT FORAGING BEHAVIOR; DECIDUOUS WOODLAND; COMMUNITIES AB Studies of birds in winter are rare in wildlife ecology despite winter being a critical nine for birds. We examined winter assemblages of birds in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of northern Arizona following prescribed fire. We conducted point Counts on two study sites in northern Arizona from mid-October to mid-March 2004-2006. Each site had one unit treated by prescribed fire a fill] growing season before the point counts began, paired with control unit(s) of similar structure. We detected 39 species during the survey. Nine species comprised 81% of all detections; eight of these were year-round residents of the area. Dark-eyed juncos (junco hyemalis) were the most numerous, comprising 23% of all detections. Assemblages were similar between treatments (Sorenson similarity index = 0.85) and years (Sorenson similarity index = 0.85), and rank abundance of species between burn and control Units were correlated (Spearman's p = 0.83). Therefore, assemblages of birds in winter were similar among areas treated by prescribed fire and unburned areas of ponderosa pine forests in northern Arizona. C1 [Pope, Theresa L.; Block, William M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Pope, TL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, 210 Nagle Hall, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tlpope@neo.tamu.edu NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1894/MH-47.1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571FK UT WOS:000275736900004 ER PT J AU Ross, KG Gotzek, D Ascunce, MS Shoemaker, DD AF Ross, Kenneth G. Gotzek, Dietrich Ascunce, Marina S. Shoemaker, D. DeWayne TI Species Delimitation: A Case Study in a Problematic Ant Taxon SO SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptic species; cuticular coloration; ecological niche modeling; fire ants; genetic markers; Solenopsis; species delimitation ID RECENT MIGRATION RATES; GENE FLOW; FIRE ANTS; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS AB Species delimitation has been invigorated as a discipline in systematics by an influx of new character sets, analytical methods, and conceptual advances. We use genetic data from 68 markers, combined with distributional, bioclimatic, and coloration information, to hypothesize boundaries of evolutionarily independent lineages (species) within the widespread and highly variable nominal fire ant species Solenopsis saevissima, a member of a species group containing invasive pests as well as species that are models for ecological and evolutionary research. Our integrated approach uses diverse methods of analysis to sequentially test whether populations meet specific operational criteria (contingent properties) for candidacy as morphologically cryptic species, including genetic clustering, monophyly, reproductive isolation, and occupation of distinctive niche space. We hypothesize that nominal S. saevissima comprises at least 4-6 previously unrecognized species, including several pairs whose parapatric distributions implicate the development of intrinsic premating or postmating barriers to gene flow. Our genetic data further suggest that regional genetic differentiation in S. saevissima has been influenced by hybridization with other nominal species occurring in sympatry or parapatry, including the quite distantly related Solenopsis geminata. The results of this study illustrate the importance of employing different classes of genetic data (coding and noncoding regions and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA] markers), different methods of genetic data analysis (tree-based and non-tree based methods), and different sources of data (genetic, morphological, and ecological data) to explicitly test various operational criteria for species boundaries in clades of recently diverged lineages, while warning against over reliance on any single data type (e.g., mtDNA sequence variation) when drawing inferences. C1 [Ross, Kenneth G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Gotzek, Dietrich] Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Ascunce, Marina S.; Shoemaker, D. DeWayne] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Ross, KG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM kenross@uga.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [036393-01, 2006-35302-18001]; Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of Georgia FX This study was supported by grants from the United States Department of Agriculture National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (036393-01 and 2006-35302-18001) and by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of Georgia. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 137 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 50 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1063-5157 J9 SYST BIOL JI Syst. Biol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 59 IS 2 BP 162 EP 184 DI 10.1093/sysbio/syp089 PG 23 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 561PO UT WOS:000274990500004 PM 20525628 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Ramirez, G Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Sauer, TJ AF Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo Hatfield, Jerry L. Prueger, John H. Sauer, Thomas J. TI Energy balance and turbulent flux partitioning in a corn-soybean rotation in the Midwestern US SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; EDDY-COVARIANCE METHOD; WATER-VAPOR; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; PINE FOREST; CO2 FLUX; SURFACE; CLOSURE AB Quantifying the energy balance above plant canopies is critical for better understanding of water balance and changes in regional weather patterns. This study examined temporal variations of energy balance terms for contrasting canopies [corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)]. We monitored energy balance for 4 years using eddy-covariance systems, net radiometers, and soil heat flux plates in adjacent production fields near Ames, Iowa. On an annual basis, soybean exhibited 20% and 30% lower sensible heat flux (H) and Bowen ratio than corn, respectively. As canopies developed, a gradual shift in turbulent fluxes occurred with decreasing H and increasing latent heat flux (LE), but with a more pronounced effect for corn. Conversely, during mid-growing season and as both canopies progressively senesced, H in general increased and LE decreased; however, soybean exhibited slightly greater LE and much lower H than corn. These temporal variations in magnitude and partitioning of turbulent fluxes translated into a pronounced energy imbalance for soybean (0.80) and an enhanced closure for corn (0.98) in August and September. These discrepancies could be directly associated with differences in momentum transport as shown by friction velocities of 0.34 and 0.28 m s(-1) for corn and soybean, respectively. These results support influential roles of plant canopy on intensity and mode of surface energy exchange processes. C1 [Hernandez-Ramirez, Guillermo; Hatfield, Jerry L.; Prueger, John H.; Sauer, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hernandez-Ramirez, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Guillermo.Hernandez@ars.usda.gov RI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/I-5429-2013 OI Hernandez Ramirez, Guillermo/0000-0001-8225-5813 NR 47 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 100 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s00704-009-0169-y PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 558CU UT WOS:000274719000007 ER PT J AU Maas, LF McClung, A McCouch, S AF Maas, Luis F. McClung, Anna McCouch, Susan TI Dissection of a QTL reveals an adaptive, interacting gene complex associated with transgressive variation for flowering time in rice SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; ORYZA-SATIVA; CULTIVATED RICE; HEADING DATE; ARABIDOPSIS; EHD1; PATHWAYS; HD3A; HD1; DNA AB A days to heading QTL (dth1.1) located on the short arm of rice chromosome 1 was sub-divided into eight sub-introgression lines (SILs) to analyze the genetic basis of transgressive variation for flowering time. Each SIL contained one or more introgression(s) from O. rufipogon in the genetic background of the elite Oryza sativa cultivar, Jefferson. Each introgression was defined at high resolution using molecular markers and those in the dth1.1 region were associated with the presence of one or more flowering time genes (GI, SOC1, FT-L8, EMF1, and PNZIP). SILs and controls were evaluated for flowering time under both short- and long-day growing conditions. Under short-day lengths, lines with introgressions carrying combinations of linked flowering time genes (GI/SOC1, SOC1/FT-L8, GI/SOC1/FT-L8 and EMF1/PNZIP) from the late parent, O. rufipogon, flowered earlier than the recurrent parent, Jefferson, while recombinant lines carrying smaller introgressions marked by the presence of GI, SOC1, EMF1 or PNZIP alone no longer flowered early. Under long-day length, lines carrying SOC1/FT-L8, SOC1 or PNZIP flowered early, while those carrying GI or EMF1 delayed flowering. Across all experiments and in the field, only SIL_SOC1/FT-L8 was consistently early. A preliminary yield evaluation indicated that the transgressive early flowering observed in several of the SILs was also associated with a measurable and positive effect on yield. These SILs represent a new source of variation that can be used in breeding programs to manipulate flowering time in rice cultivars without the reduction in yield that is often associated with early maturing phenotypes. C1 [Maas, Luis F.; McCouch, Susan] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McClung, Anna] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP McCouch, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, 162 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM srm4@cornell.edu FU Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics; LFM; National Science Foundation [DBI 0606461] FX We would like to thank Mrs. Marie Lavallard and the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics for financial support for the PhD program of LFM (via a Frank T. Rhodes Fellowship), the National Science Foundation (Grant DBI #0606461 to SMc) for research funding, Lisa Polewczak for assistance with the field work in the Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center in Stuttgart, AR and the USDA-ARS Rice Research Unit in Beaumont, TX. We express our gratitude to Michael Thomson and Jeremy Edwards for seeds from the parental pre-SILs provided for this study, and to Michael Gore and Walter de Jong for constructive comments and suggestions during manuscript preparation. We gratefully acknowledge Lois Swales for her assistance in preparing the figures and for formatting the manuscript. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 120 IS 5 BP 895 EP 908 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1219-7 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 554XM UT WOS:000274469600002 PM 19949767 ER PT J AU Fang, DD Xiao, JH Canci, PC Cantrell, RG AF Fang, David D. Xiao, Jinhua Canci, Paulo C. Cantrell, Roy G. TI A new SNP haplotype associated with blue disease resistance gene in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; UPLAND COTTON; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BACTERIAL-BLIGHT; LINKAGE MAP; IDENTIFICATION; VIRUS; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN AB Resistance to cotton blue disease (CBD) was evaluated in 364 F(2.3) families of three populations derived from resistant variety 'Delta Opal'. The CBD resistance in 'Delta Opal' was controlled by one single dominant gene designated Cbd. Two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were identified as linked to Cbd by bulked segregant analysis. Cbd resides at the telomere region of chromosome 10. SSR marker DC20027 was 0.75 cM away from Cbd. DC20027 marker fragments amplified from 3 diploid species and 13 cotton varieties whose CBD resistance was known were cloned and sequenced. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the 136th position by sequence alignment analysis. Screening SNP markers previously mapped on chromosome 10 identified an additional 3 SNP markers that were associated with Cbd. A strong association between a haplotype based on four SNP markers and Cbd was developed. This demonstrates one of the first examples in cotton where SNP markers were used to effectively tag a trait enabling marker-assisted selection for high levels of CBD resistance in breeding programs. C1 [Xiao, Jinhua; Cantrell, Roy G.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Fang, David D.] ARS, Cotton Fiber Biosci Res Unit, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Canci, Paulo C.] Monsanto Co, BR-384085 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. RP Cantrell, RG (reprint author), Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM roy.cantrell@monsanto.com OI fang, david/0000-0003-0036-5459 NR 45 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 120 IS 5 BP 943 EP 953 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1223-y PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 554XM UT WOS:000274469600006 PM 19960336 ER PT J AU Munoz-Amatriain, M Cistue, L Xiong, Y Bilgic, H Budde, AD Schmitt, MR Smith, KP Hayes, PM Muehlbauer, GJ AF Munoz-Amatriain, Maria Cistue, L. Xiong, Y. Bilgic, H. Budde, A. D. Schmitt, M. R. Smith, K. P. Hayes, P. M. Muehlbauer, G. J. TI Structural and functional characterization of a winter malting barley SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; FLOWERING-LOCUS-T; GENE-EXPRESSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; VERNALIZATION GENES; FROST TOLERANCE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; BETA-AMYLASE; PHOTOPERIOD; QUALITY AB The development of winter malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties is emerging as a worldwide priority due to the numerous advantages of these varieties over spring types. However, the complexity of both malting quality and winter hardiness phenotypes makes simultaneous improvement a challenge. To obtain an understanding of the relationship between loci controlling winter hardiness and malt quality and to assess the potential for breeding winter malting barley varieties, we structurally and functionally characterized the six-row accession "88Ab536", a cold-tolerant line with superior malting quality characteristics that derives from the cross of NE76129/Morex//Morex. We used 4,596 SNPs to construct the haplotype structure of 88Ab536 on which malting quality and winter hardiness loci reported in the literature were aligned. The genomic regions determining malting quality and winter hardiness traits have been defined in this founder germplasm, which will assist breeders in targeting regions for marker-assisted selection. The Barley1 GeneChip array was used to functionally characterize 88Ab536 during malting. Its gene expression profile was similar to that of the archetypical malting variety Morex, which is consistent with their similar malting quality characteristics. The characterization of 88Ab536 has increased our understanding of the genetic relationships of malting quality and winter hardiness, and will provide a genetic foundation for further development of more cold-tolerant varieties that have malt quality characteristics that meet or exceed current benchmarks. C1 [Munoz-Amatriain, Maria; Xiong, Y.; Bilgic, H.; Smith, K. P.; Muehlbauer, G. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Budde, A. D.; Schmitt, M. R.] ARS, Cereal Crop Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Cistue, L.; Hayes, P. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Muehlbauer, GJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM munoz064@umn.edu; muehl003@umn.edu RI Cistue, Luis/B-2574-2015 OI Cistue, Luis/0000-0001-7970-8703 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; USDA-CSREES; USDA-CSREES-NRI [2006-55606-16722] FX We thank Dr. Darrell Wesenberg for the persistence and skillful plant breeding that led to the development of 88Ab536. We also appreciate the resources provided by the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. L. Cistue is recipient of a Senior Research Fellow at the Oregon State University from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This research was supported by grants from the USDA-CSREES United States Barley Genome Project to GJM and KPS. SNP genotyping of 88Ab536 and Morex was supported by the Barley Coordinated Agriculture Project grant (USDA-CSREES-NRI Grant No 2006-55606-16722). NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 120 IS 5 BP 971 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1225-9 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 554XM UT WOS:000274469600008 PM 19960335 ER PT J AU Sun, XC Marza, F Ma, HX Carver, BF Bai, GH AF Sun, Xiaochun Marza, Felix Ma, Hongxiang Carver, Brett F. Bai, Guihua TI Mapping quantitative trait loci for quality factors in an inter-class cross of US and Chinese wheat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN PROTEIN-CONTENT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; PCR-BASED MARKERS; RED WINTER-WHEAT; BREAD WHEAT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SPRING WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; KERNEL HARDNESS AB Wheat quality factors are critical in determining the suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for end-use product and economic value, and they are prime targets for marker-assisted selection. Objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that ultimately influence wheat market class and milling quality. A population of 132 F(12) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between the Chinese hard wheat line Ning7840 and the soft wheat cultivar Clark and grown at three Oklahoma locations from 2001 to 2003. Milling factors such as test weight (volumetric grain weight, TW), kernel weight (KW), and kernel diameter (KD) and market class factors such as wheat grain protein content (GPC) and kernel hardness index (HI) were characterized on the basis of a genetic map constructed from 367 SSR and 241 AFLP markers covering all 21 chromosomes. Composite interval mapping identified eight QTLs for TW, seven for KW, six for KD, two each for GPC and HI measured by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy, and four for HI measured by single kernel characterization system. Positive phenotypic correlations were found among milling factors. Consistent co-localized QTLs were identified for TW, KW, and KD on the short arms of chromosomes 5A and 6A. A common QTL was identified for TW and KD on the long arm of chromosome 5A. A consistent major QTL for HI peaked at the Pinb-D1 locus on the short arm of chromosome 5D and explained up to 85% of the phenotypic variation for hardness. We identified QTLs for GPC on 4B and the short arm of 3A chromosomes. The consistency of quality factor QTLs across environments reveals their potential for marker-assisted selection. C1 [Bai, Guihua] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sun, Xiaochun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Marza, Felix; Carver, Brett F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Ma, Hongxiang] Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Biotechnol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM brett.carver@okstate.edu; guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Xiaochun/J-8596-2014 OI Sun, Xiaochun/0000-0001-5395-2580 FU NRI of the USDA CSREES [2006-55606-16629]; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas, USA [09-254-J] FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Gregory Shaner, Purdue University (RIL population development), and Wayne Whitmore and Connie Shelton for technical assistance in the field experiments and quality trait analysis. This project is partly funded by the NRI of the USDA CSREES, CAP Grant number 2006-55606-16629. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Contribution no. 09-254-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas, USA. NR 48 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1051 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1232-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 554XM UT WOS:000274469600015 PM 20012855 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Bellendir, S Hudson, KA Hill, CB Hartman, GL Hyten, DL Hudson, ME Diers, BW AF Kim, Ki-Seung Bellendir, Stephanie Hudson, Karen A. Hill, Curtis B. Hartman, Glen L. Hyten, David L. Hudson, Matthew E. Diers, Brian W. TI Fine mapping the soybean aphid resistance gene Rag1 in soybean SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; CONFERS RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GOLDENGATE ASSAY; DOMINANT GENE; CROP PLANTS; REGISTRATION; GENOME; INHERITANCE AB The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is an important soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] pest in North America. The dominant aphid resistance gene Rag1 was previously mapped from the cultivar 'Dowling' to a 12 cM marker interval on soybean chromosome 7 (formerly linkage group M). The development of additional genetic markers mapping closer to Rag1 was needed to accurately position the gene to improve the effectiveness of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and to eventually clone it. The objectives of this study were to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near Rag1 and to position these SNPs relative to Rag1. To generate a fine map of the Rag1 interval, 824 BC(4)F(2) and 1,000 BC(4)F(3) plants segregating for the gene were screened with markers flanking Rag1. Plants with recombination events close to the gene were tested with SNPs identified in previous studies along with new SNPs identified from the preliminary Williams 82 draft soybean genome shotgun sequence using direct re-sequencing and gene-scanning melt-curve analysis. Progeny of these recombinant plants were evaluated for aphid resistance. These efforts resulted in the mapping of Rag1 between the two SNP markers 46169.7 and 21A, which corresponds to a physical distance on the Williams 82 8x draft assembly (Glyma1.01) of 115 kilobase pair (kb). Several candidate genes for Rag1 are present within the 115-kb interval. The markers identified in this study that are closely linked to Rag1 will be a useful resource in MAS for this important aphid resistance gene. C1 [Kim, Ki-Seung; Bellendir, Stephanie; Hill, Curtis B.; Hudson, Matthew E.; Diers, Brian W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hudson, Karen A.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hyten, David L.] ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Diers, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bdiers@illinois.edu RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008; OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936; Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 FU Illinois Soybean Association; United Soybean Board; USDA CSREES [AG2006-34488-16915] FX This work was supported by soybean check-off funding from the Illinois Soybean Association, the United Soybean Board, and the USDA CSREES grant # AG2006-34488-16915 to MEH and BD. NR 40 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1063 EP 1071 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1234-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 554XM UT WOS:000274469600017 PM 20035316 ER PT J AU Reddy, KRN Salleh, B Saad, B Abbas, HK Abel, CA Shier, WT AF Reddy, K. R. N. Salleh, B. Saad, B. Abbas, H. K. Abel, C. A. Shier, W. T. TI An overview of mycotoxin contamination in foods and its implications for human health SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Mycotoxins; foods; human health; aflatoxin; fumonisin ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMMERCIAL APPLE PRODUCTS; ZEA-MAYS HYBRIDS; OCHRATOXIN-A; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; FUMONISIN B-1; AFLATOXIN B-1; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; PATULIN PRODUCTION; LIVER-CANCER AB Mycotoxins are natural contaminants of cereals and other food commodities throughout the world and they significantly impact human and animal health. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by species of filamentous fungi growing on grains before harvest and in storage. When ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin, mycotoxins may reduce appetite and general performance, and cause sickness or death in humans. Mycotoxins subject to government regulation in most countries include aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and patulin, produced by species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, and ochratoxins pose the most serious threats to human health worldwide. This review describes the prevalence of mycotoxins in foods and its implications on human health, which may help in establishing and carrying out proper management strategies. Data from detailed investigations of food mycotoxins worldwide help provide safer food for consumption and help prioritize future research programs. C1 [Reddy, K. R. N.; Salleh, B.; Saad, B.] Univ Sains Malaysia, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Usm 11800, Penang, Malaysia. [Abbas, H. K.] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abel, C. A.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. [Shier, W. T.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Pharm, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 316 TC 95 Z9 100 U1 8 U2 90 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 3 EP 26 DI 10.3109/15569541003598553 PG 24 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 628GM UT WOS:000280102800001 ER PT J AU Peethambaran, B Hawkins, L Windham, GL Williams, WP Luthe, DS AF Peethambaran, Bela Hawkins, Leigh Windham, Gary L. Williams, W. Paul Luthe, Dawn S. TI Anti-fungal activity of maize silk proteins and role of chitinases in Aspergillus flavus resistance SO TOXIN REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; anti-fungal; chitinase; ergosterol; maize; proteomics ID GERMPLASM LINE; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; REGISTRATION; ERGOSTEROL; CORN; IDENTIFICATION; SOLUBILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; MYCOTOXINS; MP313E AB Studies were conducted to identify proteins in maize silks that may be contributing to Aspergillus flavus resistance. We first performed bioassays using silk extracts collected from two A. flavus-resistant inbred lines and two susceptible inbred lines. Fungal biomass was quantified by measuring fluorescence of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged A. flavus and by measuring ergosterol levels. The silk extracts from resistant inbreds had greater anti-fungal activity compared to susceptible inbreds. Comparative proteomic analysis of the two resistant and susceptible inbreds led to the identification of several anti-fungal proteins. One of the anti-fungal proteins that we further investigated was chitinase. There were three chitinases that were differentially expressed in the resistant lines (PRm3 chitinase, chitinase I, and chitinase A). We conducted chitinase assays on silk proteins from extracts of resistant and susceptible inbred lines. Silk extracts from resistant inbred lines showed significantly higher activity in the resistant maize inbreds compared to the susceptible inbreds (P < 0.01). The differential expression of chitinases in maize resistant and susceptible inbred silks suggests that these proteins may contribute to A. flavus resistance. C1 [Luthe, Dawn S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Peethambaran, Bela] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hawkins, Leigh; Windham, Gary L.; Williams, W. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS USA. RP Luthe, DS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 216 Agr Sci & Ind Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dsl14@psu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-6406-6-039]; Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station [58-6406-6-039] FX This research was supported by the grant Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6406-6-039 between the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Authors from USDA-ARS and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Miss. Agric. and Forestry Exp contributed to this work. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1556-9543 J9 TOXIN REV JI Toxin Rev. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 27 EP 39 DI 10.3109/15569540903402874 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 628GM UT WOS:000280102800002 ER PT J AU Shinners, KJ Boettcher, GC Muck, RE Weimer, PJ Casler, MD AF Shinners, K. J. Boettcher, G. C. Muck, R. E. Weimer, P. J. Casler, M. D. TI HARVEST AND STORAGE OF TWO PERENNIAL GRASSES AS BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUL 09-12, 2006 CL Portland, OR SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Biomass; Biomass collection; Biomass harvest; Density; Grasses; Losses; Reed canarygrass; Silage; Switchgrass ID CUTTING FREQUENCY; ALFALFA BALES; SWITCHGRASS; ENERGY; QUALITY; ETHANOL AB Some perennial grasses, such as reed canarygrass (RCG) and switchgrass (SWG), have prolific yield and low inputs, making them attractive as biomass feedstocks. When harvested as biomass, these grasses are more mature and have much greater yield than when harvested as animal forage. Much is unknown about how harvest equipment performance and storage characteristics are affected by these crop conditions. The objective of this research was to determine the crop yield and drying rate, baling rate, bale density, and bale storage characteristics of these grasses harvested as biomass feedstocks. After the establishment year, the three-year average yield of RCG was 21% less than SWG (7.70 vs. 9.69 Mg DM ha(-1)) using a single-cutting system that occurred in August. When the crops were left standing over winter and harvested in the spring, DM yields were reduced by 17% and 26% for SWG and RCG, respectively. When crop yield was similar; switchgrass tended to dry faster than reed canary grass. Drying rates of these grasses were faster than typically experienced with forage crops like alfalfa. Bale density averaged 163 kg DM m(-3) with no significant differences between crops or type of wrap (twine or net). Dry bales stored outdoors for 9 to 11 months averaged 3.8%, 4.8%, 7.5%, 8.7%, and 14.9% DM loss for bales wrapped with plastic film, breathable film, net wrap, plastic twine, and sisal twine, respectively. Bales stored under cover averaged 3.0% DM loss. The chemical and physical properties of bales stored outdoors were spatially variable. Preservation by ensiling in a tube produced average DM losses of 1.1% at average moisture of 39.9% (wb.). C1 [Shinners, K. J.; Boettcher, G. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Muck, R. E.; Weimer, P. J.; Casler, M. D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shinners, KJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kjshinne@wisc.edu NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 359 EP 370 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100004 ER PT J AU Lehrsch, GA Kincaid, DC AF Lehrsch, G. A. Kincaid, D. C. TI SPRINKLER IRRIGATION EFFECTS ON INFILTRATION AND NEAR-SURFACE UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Droplet energy; Hydraulic conductivity; Infiltration; Infiltrometers; Intake; Sprinkler irrigation; Surface sealing ID SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SILT-LOAM SOIL; FURROW IRRIGATION; TENSION INFILTROMETERS; AGGREGATE STABILITY; TEMPORAL VARIATION; TILLAGE; RUNOFF; DYNAMICS; EROSION AB Sprinkler irrigation alters soil hydraulic properties both at and below the soil surface, yet its effects are not well characterized. We evaluated the effects of sprinkler irrigation on infiltration and near-surface hydraulic conductivity (K) measured under tension in a poorly structured, recently roller-harrowed Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with two treatments (pre- and post-irrigation) and four replications. We used two half-circle spray heads to apply 127 mm of water at 70 mm h(-1) in one irrigation to duplicate I X 2 in plots. Unconfined (three-dimensional) infiltration rates at steady-state were measured at potentials of -55, -35, and -15 mm of water before and about 10 days after irrigation. Irrigation increased surface bulk density (0 to 34 mm) by 18% and increased the saturation ratio by 35%. At -15 mm, the unconfined infiltration rate was 53 mm h-1 before, but 16 mm h-1 after irrigation. At -35 and -55 mm, irrigation decreased infiltration by 68%. Irrigation also decreased infiltration nearly 5-fold through pores with diameters ranging from 0.55 to 0.86 mm. At each measured potential, irrigation tended to decrease hydraulic conductivity by 48%, on average. Sprinkler droplet impact consolidated unprotected soil and greatly reduced tension infiltration. Our findings provide useful input data regarding this and similar soils for models requiring hydraulic properties. In addition, our results provide valuable insight for managing infiltration and avoiding runoff during a growing season when surface properties change as recently tilled soils are sprinkler irrigated. C1 [Lehrsch, G. A.; Kincaid, D. C.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Lehrsch, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM Gary.Lehrsch@ars.usda.gov NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 397 EP 404 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100007 ER PT J AU Northup, BK Daniel, JA Phillips, WA AF Northup, B. K. Daniel, J. A. Phillips, W. A. TI INFLUENCES OF AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE AND SUMMER GRAZING ON SOIL COMPACTION IN WHEAT PADDOCKS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Compaction; Grazing; Summer fallow; Summer legumes; Winter wheat ID LEGUME GREEN FALLOW; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BULK-DENSITY; NO-TILL; YIELD; MANAGEMENT; PASTURES; IMPACTS; RUNOFF AB Agriculture in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) relies on production systems that combine yearling cattle and grazing of winter wheat. Incorporating summer legumes into the fallow period of wheat would allow longer grazing seasons and potential improvements in livestock gain, but may adversely affect soil conditions. This study examined the impacts of additional grazing during summer on soil compaction within paddocks of grazed wheat. Four 1.6 ha paddocks were used to study two systems of producing forage by conservation tillage during 1999 and 2000. Both systems combined winter and spring grazing of wheat with either grazing of an annual legume during summer (SL) or chemical fallow during summer (SCF). Enclosures (n = 2) were established in each paddock to serve as ungrazed controls. Soil compaction was measured by resistance to a cone penetrometer to 300 mm soil depth on three dates (May and December 1999, June 2000), and measures of bulk density and soil moisture were collected. Regression analyses showed a significant relationship between resistance and bulk density across agricultural practices, and separate relationships for grazing treatments. The SL agricultural practice produced greater compaction of soil than SCF below 75 mm depth, with gradual increases over the last two sampling dates. In contrast, grazing generated increases in compaction at all depths on all dates, with the largest increases noted between 50 and 100 mm. Results suggest that combining grazing of wheat with grazing legumes during the summer, under conservation tillage, may not represent sustainable management in the short term. C1 [Northup, B. K.; Phillips, W. A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Daniel, J. A.] USDOI Bur Land Management, Elko, NV USA. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM brian.northup@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 405 EP 411 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100008 ER PT J AU Cantrell, KB Hunt, PG Ro, KS Stone, KC Vanotti, MB Burns, JC AF Cantrell, K. B. Hunt, P. G. Ro, K. S. Stone, K. C. Vanotti, M. B. Burns, J. C. TI THERMOGRAVIMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF IRRIGATED BERMUDAGRASS AS A COMBUSTION FEEDSTOCK SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Biomass; Crop production; Manure management; Manures ID SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION; SWINE WASTE-WATER; BIOMASS FUELS; DEVOLATILIZATION; GASIFICATION; KINETICS; LITTER; MATTER AB The bioenergy production industry can benefit from a greater understanding of potential differences among the various feedstock materials and production influences on thermochemical conversion processes such as combustion. The thermal degradation of biomass during combustion can quickly be assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to provide a thermal profile for global characterization of reaction kinetics and temperatures associated with both the devolatilization and char combustion, as well as total volatile matter lost. In this work, the TGA technique was applied to understand combustion of Coastal bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] hay produced under a control treatment of commercial N fertilizer without irrigation along with eight different subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) treatments. These eight treatments consisted of commercial N fertilizer or advanced-treated swine wastewater effluent, each irrigated at two (75% and 100% of estimated evapotranspiration) irrigation rates and two lateral SDI spacings (0.6 and 1.2 m). While thermogravimetric (weight loss) profiles of the treatments were almost identical and indicated three distinct combustion weight loss steps, some variations among the treatments were noted in the differential thermal analysis profiles. When compared to commercially fertilized bermudagrass, Coastal bermudagrass irrigated with advanced-treated swine wastewater had both greater mass loss associated with active combustion and a higher transition temperature leading to char combustion (364.9 degrees C vs. 372.5 degrees C). This higher temperature requirement for char combustion of the hay irrigated with effluent was a direct result of a greater activation energy value required to initiate char combustion (97.9 kJ mol(-1) for commercial vs. 105.1 kJ mol(-1) for effluent). Consequently, char combustion required greater activation energy than the first active combustion stage. Among the SDI spacing treatments, Coastal bermudagrass irrigated using the wider SDI spacing provided greater amounts of energy per mass of dry material (11.16 vs. 12.06 kJ g(converted)(-1)). C1 [Cantrell, K. B.; Hunt, P. G.; Ro, K. S.; Stone, K. C.; Vanotti, M. B.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Burns, J. C.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cantrell, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM keri.cantrell@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100009 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Huang, C AF Smith, D. R. Huang, C. TI ASSESSING NUTRIENT TRANSPORT FOLLOWING DREDGING OF AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE DITCHES SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Conservation practices; Dredging; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Water chemistry ID MANAGING NATURAL PROCESSES; MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WATER COLUMN; MEDITERRANEAN STREAM; PHOSPHORUS; RETENTION; NITROGEN; RELEASE; SEDIMENTS; DENITRIFICATION AB Agricultural drainage ditches are vital for many agricultural landscapes in the U.S. Previous research has indicated that dredging agricultural drainage ditches may degrade water quality. In this study, we monitored nutrient transport in two drainage ditches for six years (2003-2008), during which two dredging activities occurred. Ditch reach nutrient loads were calculated on a monthly and annual basis for the two ditches, as hydrology and water chemistry were monitored daily during the growing season. When dredging activities occurred within the previous 12 months, reach loads were significantly reduced for all nutrients monitored, with net losses in the dredged reaches of NH(4)-N (-94 kg), soluble P (SP; -6.6 kg), and total P (TP; -5.4 kg). When examining annual reach loads, the nutrient losses from recently dredged reaches were generally significantly lower than the other reaches during the same year. The apparent improvements in water chemistry seem to be contrary to earlier reports of potentially degraded water quality immediately after dredging. We attribute this to: (1) oxidation of reduced sediments, (2) deposition of "fresh" sediments, (3) recolonization by filamentous algae and higher plants, and (4) formation of biofilms on the exposed sediments. To avoid the detrimental impacts on water quality immediately after dredging, and to maximize the benefit of ditch recovery, we propose that ditch managers work with agricultural producers to delay nutrient applications to adjacent fields for at least one month after dredging activities. This should allow the ditches sufficient time to recover their ecological function following dredging. C1 [Smith, D. R.; Huang, C.] USDA ARS, NSERL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, NSERL, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Douglas.R.Smith@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 429 EP 436 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100011 ER PT J AU Appelboom, TW Chescheir, GM Birgand, F Skaggs, RW Gilliam, JW Amatya, D AF Appelboom, T. W. Chescheir, G. M. Birgand, F. Skaggs, R. W. Gilliam, J. W. Amatya, D. TI TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT FOR MODELING DENITRIFICATION IN SURFACE WATER SEDIMENTS USING THE MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Denitrification; Mass transfer coefficient; Modeling; Q(10) temperature coefficient; Temperature; Watershed ID FRESH-WATER; NITRATE DEPLETION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; STREAM SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; RATES; ECOSYSTEMS; REMOVAL; SYSTEMS; MARINE AB Watershed modeling has become an important tool for researchers. Modeling nitrate transport within drainage networks requires quantifying the denitrification within the sediments in canals and streams. In a previous study, several of the authors developed an equation using a term called a mass transfer coefficient to mathematically describe sediment denitrification. This equation takes into account the effect that water column nitrate concentration and flow depth have on denitrification in the sediments. Water column temperature also has a marked effect on the rate of denitrification in the sediments. In the present study, a relationship between denitrification rate and temperature was developed. This relationship was inserted into the original mathematical relationship to improve its ability to predict nitrate removal due to denitrification within drainage networks. The modified equation was tested by comparing predicted and measured nitrate concentrations over time in denitrification tanks at various temperatures. Results show that the modified equation increased the accuracy of predicting nitrate removal by denitrification in drainage canals. Overall Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency values ranged from 0.72 to 0.76 for the original equation and from 0.90 to 0.97 for the equation developed in this study. The effective temperature range for the equation is 0 degrees C to 40 degrees C. The equation has also only been tested under stagnant/low-flow conditions. C1 [Appelboom, T. W.; Chescheir, G. M.; Birgand, F.; Skaggs, R. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gilliam, J. W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Amatya, D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Charleston, SC USA. RP Appelboom, TW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM twappelb@ncsu.edu NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 465 EP 474 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100014 ER PT J AU Clementson, CL Ileleji, KE Rosentrater, KA AF Clementson, C. L. Ileleji, K. E. Rosentrater, K. A. TI EVALUATION OF MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES USED TO DETERMINE THE BULK DENSITY OF DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES (DDGS) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Bulk density measurement; DDGS; Physical property ID SIZE SEGREGATION; HOPPER AB The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. has been dramatically increasing in recent years, and consequently so has the quantity of co-products, especially distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), generated from this industrial sector. DDGS is sold as a commodity for animal feed, and like corn, its bulk physical and chemical properties are quality attributes that can be used in trading by merchandisers. Consistency in product quality has been a cause for concern in the industry, and the lack of standard methods for physical and chemical property determination potentially confounds the issue, especially when results of attributes measured by different methods have not been evaluated for method parity. Toward that end, this research examined the sources of DDGS bulk density variability using samples from six commercial ethanol plants (three from Indiana, and three from South Dakota) and conducted in two different laboratories. Variations due to sample handling, container filling method, filling height, and container size were also examined. It was ascertained that DDGS source accounted for most of the bulk density variability observed. It was also determined that filling height and measuring container size resulted in significant differences in the resulting bulk density values. C1 [Clementson, C. L.; Ileleji, K. E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rosentrater, K. A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Ileleji, KE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 225 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ileleji@purdue.edu OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 485 EP 490 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100016 ER PT J AU Windham, WR Kandala, CVK Sundaram, J Nuti, RC AF Windham, W. R. Kandala, C. V. K. Sundaram, J. Nuti, R. C. TI DETERMINATION OF PEANUT POD MATURITY BY NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 21-24, 2009 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Hull scrape; Peanut maturity; Profile board; Visible/NIR spectroscopy ID DATE AB Peanuts are indeterminate crops and do not mature evenly. Thus, it is difficult to decide the optimal time of harvest. Pod maturity is currently determined by the hull scrape method in conjunction with the maturity profile board (MPB) for estimating the "days until digging". The method is based on the known correlation between maturity level and pod mesocarp color, which is a subjective assessment. The objective of this research was to develop visible (Vis; 400 to 750 nm) and/or visible plus shortwave near-infrared (Vis/NIR; 400 to 1100 nm) reflectance models to predict maturity classes on a pod-by-pod basis. This would allow estimation of the optimum days to dig the crop. Peanuts ('Georgia Green') were harvested on five dates in 2008 and analyzed by the hull scrape method and Vis/NIR reflectance spectroscopy. Spectra from the side of the pod basal segment (N = 754) and from the saddle of the dorsal segment (N = 625) of each pod were analyzed in the Vis and Vis/NIR regions. Partial least squares regression was used to regress MPB maturity column numbers on spectra of pods from three sampling dates. Calibration regression error for MPB class column number was higher for saddle spectra. Based on the calibrations, placement of the pods on the profile board could differ by 1.5 columns, which could alter the estimate of days until digging by +/- 3 days. Validations of all spectroscopic models were equal to and/or 3 to 7 days longer than the corresponding MPB estimates of days until digging. Separation of the maturity classes was primarily due to the broad and increasing absorbance at 640 nm as the pod matures. C1 [Windham, W. R.] USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Kandala, C. V. K.; Sundaram, J.; Nuti, R. C.] USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM Bob.windham@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 491 EP 495 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100017 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, R Hicks, KB Challa, RK Wilson, J Kurantz, M Moreau, RA AF Srinivasan, R. Hicks, K. B. Challa, R. K. Wilson, J. Kurantz, M. Moreau, R. A. TI FRACTIONATION OF BARLEY FLOUR USING ELUSIEVE PROCESSING: A COMBINATION OF SIEVING AND AIR CLASSIFICATION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air classification; Barley; Elusieve; Elutriation; Ethanol; Sieving ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; FIBER SEPARATION; SOLUBLES; ELUTRIATION; ETHANOL; GLUCAN AB The availability of winter barley in areas of the U.S. that are not well suited to grow corn, such as the mid-Atlantic states, makes it a feedstock of choice for fuel ethanol production in those regions. Recently, it was found that the Elusieve process, the combination of sieving and air classification (elutriation or aspiration), was effective in fiber separation from corn flour prior to fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the Elusieve process on the compositions of fractions from barley flour of a hulled (Thoroughbred) and a hulless (Doyce) barley variety. The barley grains were milled using a hammer mill and sieved into four size fractions. Air classification of the two largest size fractions using a commercial aspirator resulted in heavier fractions with higher starch, higher beta-glucan, and lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. Hulls were preferentially carried into the lighter fractions, as signified by higher NDF contents of lighter fractions. Elusieve processing was more effective (higher separation factors) for the hulled variety than the hulless variety because higher hull presence caused increased carryover of hull into the lighter fractions for the hulled variety. The increase in beta-glucan and starch contents in barley flow; by hull separation using the combination of sieving and air classification, may increase ethanol productivity and may be beneficial in fuel ethanol production from barley when using a process that converts both starch and beta-glucans into fuel ethanol. Since the Elusieve process was most effective only when hulls were present, any dehulling operation prior to grinding would make Elusieve processing needless. C1 [Srinivasan, R.; Challa, R. K.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hicks, K. B.; Wilson, J.; Kurantz, M.; Moreau, R. A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Srinivasan, R (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rs634@msstate.edu OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station (MAFES) Strategic Research Initiative (SRI) [2008] FX Radhakrishnan Srinivasan would like to thank Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station (MAFES) Strategic Research Initiative (SRI) (2008) for funding this research. David Bubba Trammel, Research Technician, Mississippi State University, is acknowledged for his technical assistance. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 503 EP 508 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100019 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Vogel, JR Eigenberg, RA Marx, DB Woodbury, BL AF Gilley, J. E. Vogel, J. R. Eigenberg, R. A. Marx, D. B. Woodbury, B. L. TI NUTRIENT TRANSPORT IN RUNOFF FROM FEEDLOTS AS AFFECTED BY WET DISTILLERS GRAIN DIET SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Feedlots; Manure management; Manure runoff; Nutrient losses; Nitrogen movement; Phosphorus; Runoff; Water quality; Water quality management ID CATTLE FEEDLOT; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; PLOT-SCALE; SOIL; SURFACE; COMPOST; MANURE AB Distillers byproducts can serve as valuable sources of protein and energy for beef cattle. However, the water quality effects of the use of distillers byproducts in cattle rations are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to.. (1) measure soil properties and nutrient transport in runoff from feedlot surfaces as affected by corn-based and wet distillers grain diets, (2) compare the effects of unconsolidated surface materials and consolidated subsurface materials on feedlot soil characteristics and runoff nutrient transport, (3) determine if runoff nutrient transport from feedlot surfaces is correlated to selected feedlot soil properties, and (4) identify the effects of varying runoff rate on nutrient transport. Simulated rainfall events were applied to 0.75 m wide by 2 m long plots. Concentrations of calcium, copper, loss on ignition, magnesium, organic-N, potassium, total N (TN), and zinc in the feedlot soil materials were significantly greater within the pens where cattle were fed a corn-based diet rather than a diet with distillers grain. The pens where cattle were fed distillers grain contained significantly greater amounts of Bray-1 P Surface condition did not significantly affect any of the measured feedlot soil properties except potassium conteht. No significant differences in measured runoff water quality parameters were found between the corn-based and wet distillers grain treatments. Runoff measurements of NH(4)-N, TN, NO(3)-N, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity were each significantly correlated to seven or more feedlot soil parameters. Each of the measured water quality parameters were significantly influenced by runoff. rate. C1 [Gilley, J. E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vogel, J. R.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Eigenberg, R. A.; Woodbury, B. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Chase Hall,Room 251, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 545 EP 552 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 603GG UT WOS:000278196100023 ER PT J AU Powers, MD Pregitzer, KS Palik, BJ Webster, CR AF Powers, Matthew D. Pregitzer, Kurt S. Palik, Brian J. Webster, Christopher R. TI Wood delta C-13, delta O-18 and radial growth responses of residual red pine to variable retention harvesting SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE forest management; intrinsic water use efficiency; Pinus resinosa; stable isotopes ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; EASTERN WHITE-PINE; SITKA SPRUCE STANDS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; STABLE OXYGEN; GAS-EXCHANGE; WATER-STRESS AB Variable retention harvests are used to enhance the development of structural complexity in managed forests by retaining living trees and other structural legacies from the pre-harvest ecosystem. While harvesting should increase resource availability to residual trees, greater crown exposure may also increase environmental stress, which makes it difficult to predict growth in different structural environments. We used stable carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13) of annual rings from red pine trees (Pinus resinosa Ait.) as an index of intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), the ratio of photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) to stomatal conductance (g(s)), to better understand how differences in physiological performance relate to growth responses following harvests that left residuals dispersed, aggregated between small (0.1 ha) gaps or aggregated between large (0.3 ha) gaps. Stable oxygen isotope ratios (delta O-18) were used as an index of g(s) to investigate the drivers behind changes in iWUE. Retention harvesting did not appear to affect delta C-13 or delta O-18 at the stand scale when compared to unharvested control stands, but there was a significant, negative correlation between residual tree delta C-13 and plot basal area in the second and third years after harvesting that suggests declining iWUE as overstory competition increases. Residual tree delta O-18 was similar across treatments and basal areas. Trees in variable retention harvests showed small but positive increases in radial growth from the pre-treatment to post-treatment measurement periods, while radial growth declined in unharvested control stands. There were no significant differences in radial growth among retention treatments. Our results suggest residual red pine in relatively open environments benefit from greater A but do not show evidence of changes in g(s) that would indicate altered water relations. C1 [Powers, Matthew D.; Webster, Christopher R.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Pregitzer, Kurt S.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Palik, Brian J.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Powers, MD (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mdpowers@mtu.edu FU USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Michigan Technological University FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station and Michigan Technological University. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 30 IS 3 BP 326 EP 334 DI 10.1093/treephys/tpp119 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 565ED UT WOS:000275271100002 PM 20038504 ER PT J AU Chao, KL Yang, CC Kim, MS AF Chao, Kuanglin Yang, Chun-Chieh Kim, Moon S. TI Spectral line-scan imaging system for high-speed non-destructive wholesomeness inspection of broilers SO TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review AB A spectral line-scan imaging system was developed for automated online wholesomeness inspection of broilers and evaluated in a commercial chicken processing plant. Real-time online hyperspectral images acquired by the system on a 140 bird-per-minute processing line were analyzed to optimize Region of Interest (ROI) size and location and to determine key wavebands by which to implement online high-speed multispectral inspection. Multispectral imaging algorithms were implemented to automatically recognize individual carcasses entering and exiting the field of view, to locate the ROI on the bird, and to determine the condition for each carcass as being wholesome or unwholesome. The high accuracy obtained from the in-plant evaluation results showed that the system can effectively perform food safety inspection tasks on high-speed processing lines. The system is being adapted for commercial use in pre-sorting chicken during initial processing operations, to help poultry processors improve production efficiency and satisfy increasing consumer demand for poultry products. C1 [Chao, Kuanglin; Yang, Chun-Chieh; Kim, Moon S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 11 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0924-2244 J9 TRENDS FOOD SCI TECH JI Trends Food Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 21 IS 3 SI SI BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.tifs.2009.08.001 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 578JX UT WOS:000276290700003 ER PT J AU Olsen, S Tatum, F AF Olsen, Steven Tatum, Fred TI Bovine Brucellosis SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Vaccination; Strain ID ABORTUS STRAIN RB51; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; ERADICATION PROGRAMS; VITULINA-RICHARDSI; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; HUMAN MONOCYTES; ADULT CATTLE; VACCINATION; CHALLENGE; VACCINES AB Infection of cattle caused by Brucella abortus (ie, bovine brucellosis) has been of political importance in the United States for many decades. The most common clinical manifestation of brucellosis in natural hosts is reproductive loss resulting from abortion, birth of weak offspring, or infertility. Brucellosis regulatory programs were primarily developed as the most efficient way to prevent human infections. This article discusses cattle vaccination with B abortus strains 19 and RB51. Other reservoir hosts for this organism and other Brucella spp in cattle have also been visited. C1 [Olsen, Steven; Tatum, Fred] ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Olsen, S (reprint author), ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM Steven.olsen@ars.usda.gov NR 73 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 13 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 15 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.006 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 639OV UT WOS:000280985000003 PM 20117540 ER PT J AU Wyatt, CR Riggs, MW Fayer, R AF Wyatt, Carol R. Riggs, Michael W. Fayer, Ronald TI Cryptosporidiosis in Neonatal Calves SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidiosis; Cattle; Pathophysiology; Immunity; Diagnostics; Control ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEUTRALIZING MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; INFECTION IN-VITRO; N. SP APICOMPLEXA; HOST-CELL; HALOFUGINONE-LACTATE; PARVUM INFECTION; DAIRY CALVES; T-LYMPHOCYTES AB Cryptosporidiosis in calves is an ongoing problem, primarily because of the high prevalence and high morbidity associated with the infection. This article summarizes current knowledge of the host/parasite interactions associated with cryptosporidiosis. The infection process in intestinal mucosa, the pathophysiology of the disease process, and the immune responses initiated in the calf to control the infection are discussed. Methods for diagnosing C. parvum infection, treatments that have been tried, and management controls are also examined. C1 [Wyatt, Carol R.] Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Riggs, Michael W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Fayer, Ronald] USDA, Environm Microbiol & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wyatt, CR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM cwyatt@vet.k-state.edu NR 107 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.001 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 639OV UT WOS:000280985000008 PM 20117545 ER PT J AU Ridpath, JF AF Ridpath, Julia F. TI Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Global Status SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Bovine viral diarrhea viruses; BVDV1; BVDV2; Pestivirus ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MUCOSAL DISEASE; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PERSISTENT INFECTION; BORDER DISEASE; SWINE-FEVER; ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION; ATYPICAL PESTIVIRUS AB Despite the success of regional bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) eradication programs, infections remain a source of economic loss for producers. The wide variation among BVDV results in differences in genotype, biotype, virulence, and types of infections. BVDV infect a range of domestic and wild ruminants. Clinical presentation varies depending on strain of virus, species of host, immune status of host, reproductive status of host, age of host, and concurrent infections. Recent advances in BVDV research and diagnostics have led to the development of regional eradication/control programs, the most efficacious of which focus on biosecurity, surveillance, and control. C1 ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ridpath, JF (reprint author), ARS, Ruminant Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, 1920 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM julia.ridpath@ars.usda.gov NR 146 TC 51 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 16 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 105 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.007 PG 18 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 639OV UT WOS:000280985000009 PM 20117546 ER PT J AU Van Campen, H Rhyan, J AF Van Campen, Hana Rhyan, Jack TI The Role of Wildlife in Diseases of Cattle SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Wildlife; Disease; Cattle; TB; Tuberculosis; Brucellosis; BVD ID BOVINE-VIRAL-DIARRHEA; WHITE-TAILED DEER; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; COYOTES CANIS-LATRANS; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; SEROLOGIC SURVEY; VIRUS-INFECTION; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS AB Wildlife serves as a source and a target for some infectious diseases of cattle. This article covers characteristics of the pathogens, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, and bovine viral diarrhea virus; host species behavior; and external factors that influence the introduction, maintenance, and spread of infectious agents between wildlife and cattle. C1 [Van Campen, Hana] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rhyan, Jack] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Van Campen, H (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 300 W Drake Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM hvancamp@lamar.colostate.edu NR 89 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0749-0720 EI 1558-4240 J9 VET CLIN N AM-FOOD A JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Food Anim. Pract. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 147 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.10.008 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 639OV UT WOS:000280985000011 PM 20117548 ER PT J AU Pierce, SC Moore, MT Larsen, D Pezeshki, SR AF Pierce, Samuel C. Moore, Matt T. Larsen, Dan Pezeshki, S. R. TI Macronutrient (N, P, K) and Redoximorphic Metal (Fe, Mn) Allocation in Leersia oryzoides (Rice Cutgrass) Grown Under Different Flood Regimes SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Waterlogging; Agricultural drainages; Environmental pollution; Wetlands ID MANAGING NATURAL PROCESSES; DRAINAGE DITCHES; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; WATER-QUALITY; OXYGEN DEFICIENCY; ANOXIA TOLERANCE; LOWLAND RICE; SOIL; PLANTS; IRON AB Vegetated drainages are an effective method for removal of pollutants associated with agricultural runoff. Leersia oryzoides, a plant common to agricultural ditches, may be particularly effective in remediation; however, research characterizing responses of L. oryzoides to flooding are limited. Soil reduction resulting from flooding can change availability of nutrients to plants via changes in chemical species (e.g., increasing solubility of Fe). Additionally, plant metabolic stresses resulting from reduced soils can decrease nutrient uptake and translocation. The objective of this study was to characterize belowground and aboveground nutrient allocation of L. oryzoides subjected to various soil moisture regimes. Treatments included: a well-watered and well-drained control; a continuously saturated treatment; a 48-h pulse-flood treatment; and a partially flooded treatment in which water level was maintained at 15 cm below the soil surface and flooded to the soil surface for 48 h once a week. Soil redox potential (Eh, mV) was measured periodically over the course of the 8-week experiment. At experiment termination, concentrations of Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were measured in plant tissues. All flooded treatments demonstrated moderately reduced soil conditions (Eh < 350 mV). Plant Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations demonstrated no treatment effect, whereas P and K concentrations decreased in aboveground portions of the plant. Belowground concentrations of P, Mn, and Fe were significantly higher in flooded plants, likely due to the increased solubility of these nutrients resulting from the reductive decomposition of metal-phosphate complexes in the soil and subsequent precipitation in the rhizosphere. These results indicate that wetland plants may indirectly affect P, Mn, and Fe concentrations in surface waters by altering local trends in soil oxidation-reduction chemistry. C1 [Pierce, Samuel C.; Pezeshki, S. R.] Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Moore, Matt T.] ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Larsen, Dan] Univ Memphis, Dept Earth Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Pierce, SC (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM spierce1@memphis.edu NR 58 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 207 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0120-y PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 555XS UT WOS:000274550700008 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE AF Entry, James A. Sojka, R. E. TI Matrix-Based Fertilizers Reduce Nutrient Leaching While Maintaining Kentucky Bluegrass Growth SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Matrix-based fertilizers; Starch; Cellulose; Lignin aluminum sulfate; Iron sulfate ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS; SILICONE POLYMER; HUMIC FRACTIONS; WATER-QUALITY; RUNOFF WATER; SOILS; DEGRADATION; EXPOSURE; NITROGEN AB We tested the efficacy of matrix-based fertilizers (MBFs) to improve Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) growth while reducing NH, NO(3), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) compared to commercial slow-release fertilizer (SRF) PolyonA (R), ESNA (R), and AvailA (R) in greenhouse column studies. The MBFs covered a range of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF6) and more tightly bound compounds (MBF7) with Al(SO(4))(3)18H(2)O and/or Fe(2)(SO(4))(3)3H(2)O and with high ionic exchange compounds starch, cellulose, and lignin. The total amount of NO(3) and NH(4) leached was greater from columns receiving PolyonA (R) and ESNA (R) fertilizers than all other treatments. The MBF6+AvailA (R) or MBF7+AvailA (R) fertilizers leached 64-68% less NO(3) than PolyonA (R) (43-0-0) and ESNA (R) (46-0-0), and 73-76% less TDP and TP than AvailA (R) (10-34-0). A greater amount of NO(3) was leached from the MBF6+AvailA (R) and the MBF7+AvailA (R) treatments than the other MBF fertilizer treatments. Shoot and root biomass were greater when plants received the AvailA (R), MBF6+AvailA (R), and MBF7+AvailA (R) fertilizer treatments than the other fertilizer treatments. When combined with small quantities of commercial SRFs, these new MBFs were able to maintain plant growth while reducing N and P leaching. These new MBF formulations do not depend on organic or inorganic coatings to reduce N and P leaching and with further testing and development could be effective commercial fertilizers. C1 [Entry, James A.; Sojka, R. E.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. EM James_Entry@nps.gov; bob.sojka@ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 207 IS 1-4 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1007/s11270-009-0127-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 555XS UT WOS:000274550700015 ER PT J AU Puettmann, ME Bergman, R Hubbard, S Johnson, L Lippke, B Oneil, E Wagner, FG AF Puettmann, Maureen E. Bergman, Richard Hubbard, Steve Johnson, Leonard Lippke, Bruce Oneil, Elaine Wagner, Francis G. TI CRADLE-TO-GATE LIFE-CYCLE INVENTORY OF US WOOD PRODUCTS PRODUCTION: CORRIM PHASE I AND PHASE II PRODUCTS SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Life-cycle inventory; cradle-to-gate; LCI; wood products; CORRIM; energy; emissions; environmental impact; carbon; geographical regions ID RENEWABLE BUILDING-MATERIALS; ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AB This article documents cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventories for softwood lumber, hardwood lumber, and solid-strip hardwood flooring manufacturing from the Inland Northwest and the Northeast North Central regions of the US. Environmental impacts were measured based on emissions to air and water, solid waste, energy consumption, and resource use. The manufacturing stage consumed the greatest amount of energy representing 90-92% of the total. Total energy consumption for softwood lumber manufacturing was about one-half of that required for hardwood lumber and hardwood flooring. The use of wood biomass as the primary energy source for manufacturing greatly reduced the environmental burdens by offsetting the demand for fossil fuels. Transportation impacts contributed approximately 3%, and forestry and harvesting operations accounted for 3-7%. Management and harvesting of softwoods in the Northeast North Central regions required a greater amount of energy attributable to higher-intensity management scenarios. C1 [Puettmann, Maureen E.] Wood Life, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Bergman, Richard] US Forest Serv, Econ & Stat Unit, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Hubbard, Steve] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs 120, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Johnson, Leonard; Wagner, Francis G.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Prod, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Lippke, Bruce; Oneil, Elaine] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Puettmann, ME (reprint author), Wood Life, 8200 NW Chaparral Dr, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM mpuettma@pacifier.com FU USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory FX This report would not have been possible without the financial support provided by the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (04CA11111137-094) and the support of participating research institutions and contributions of many companies, including complete access to their stage of processing data. Any opinions findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the contributing entities. The author thank the individual authors of the CORRIM Phase II Product and forestry LCI for their unconditional support that helped make this all finally come together. NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 42 SI SI BP 15 EP 28 PG 14 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 576EO UT WOS:000276127300003 ER PT J AU Bergman, RD Bowe, SA AF Bergman, Richard D. Bowe, Scott A. TI ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MANUFACTURING SOFTWOOD LUMBER IN NORTHEASTERN AND NORTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Life-cycle inventory; softwood lumber; LCI; green material; CORRIM; environmental impact ID LIFE-CYCLE INVENTORY; WOOD AB Finding the environmental impact of building materials is becoming increasingly more important because of public environmental awareness. Accurate and precise life-cycle inventory data on wood products are needed to meet this demand. This study examined softwood lumber manufacturing in the northeastern and north central US using life-cycle inventory methods. Material flow, energy type, and energy use were identified for these sawmills. A softwood log mass conversion of 42.1% to planed dry lumber was found. Values of 355 MJ of electricity and 2730 MJ of processed energy per cubic meter were determined for manufacturing planed dry softwood lumber burning mostly green wood residues onsite for energy. Biomass and fossil carbon dioxide production of 187 and 65.1 kg/m(3), respectively, were estimated. Lowering energy consumption would be of great benefit to the mills, and thus society, in reducing the environmental burden, especially in sawing and drying. C1 [Bergman, Richard D.] US Forest Serv, Econ & Stat Unit, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Bowe, Scott A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bergman, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Econ & Stat Unit, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM rbergman@wisc.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory [JV1111169-211]; USDOE FX We thank James B. Wilson and Maureen E. Peuttmann, Oregon State University, for help on technical aspects of LCI analysis and Jeff Easterling and the Northeast Manufacturer Lumber Association for their invaluable assistance in gathering the mill data. Financial assistance provided for this research project by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (JV1111169-211) through CORRIM and the USDOE is gratefully acknowledged. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD MAR PY 2010 VL 42 SI SI BP 67 EP 78 PG 12 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 576EO UT WOS:000276127300006 ER PT J AU Chou, JA Huang, YH AF Chou, Juan Huang, Yinghua TI Differential Expression of Thaumatin-Like Proteins in Sorghum Infested with Greenbugs SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Greenbug; Sorghum; Thaumatin-Like Protein ID PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; RESISTANCE; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; ACCUMULATION; CULTIVARS; PCR AB This study was designed to quantitatively analyze the expression of thaumatin-like protein (TLP) at the transcriptional level in different sorghum lines when they were infested with greenbugs. Three sorghum lines, Tx7000, PI550607, and P1550610, were used. RNAs were isolated from the different sorghum lines that were infested with greenbugs at different infestation times. The resultant m RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA, and the RT-PCR products were separated by agarose gel. Then, real-time PCR data of the TLP gene expression were analyzed in comparison with the beta-actin gene as a reference. The expression levels of the TLP gene were also compared between samples. The results showed that the transcripts of the TLP were induced by greenbug feeding and the increased levels were time-dependent. In the susceptible line, the TLP's transcripts increased several thousand-fold at 120 hours post infestation, while for the two resistant sorghum lines the TLP expression level increased less than one hundred-fold compared to the controls. This is the first demonstration that thaumatin-like proteins are involved in plant defense response against insects. C1 [Chou, Juan; Huang, Yinghua] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Huang, Yinghua] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM yinghua.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, 72016 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAR-APR PY 2010 VL 65 IS 3-4 BP 271 EP 276 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 606QJ UT WOS:000278441900016 PM 20469648 ER PT J AU Sargeant, JM O'Connor, AM Gardner, IA Dickson, JS Torrence, ME AF Sargeant, J. M. O'Connor, A. M. Gardner, I. A. Dickson, J. S. Torrence, M. E. CA Consensus Meeting Participants TI The REFLECT Statement: Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials in Livestock and Food Safety: Explanation and Elaboration dagger SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE Randomized trials; livestock; challenge studies and standards ID RIGHT FLANK LAPAROTOMY; INFECTIOUS BOVINE KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; LAPAROSCOPY-GUIDED ABOMASOPEXY; CLINICAL-TRIALS; CONSORT STATEMENT; DAIRY-COWS; SUBGROUP ANALYSES; FIELD TRIAL; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTIONS; REVISED RECOMMENDATIONS AB Concerns about the completeness and accuracy of reporting of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and the impact of poor reporting on decision making have been documented in the medical field over the past several decades. Experience from RCTs in human medicine would suggest that failure to report critical trial features can be associated with biased estimated effect measures, and there is evidence to suggest that similar biases occur in RCTs conducted in livestock populations. In response to these concerns, standardized guidelines for reporting RCTs were developed and implemented in human medicine. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was first published in 1996, with a revised edition published in 2001. The CONSORT statement consists of a 22-item checklist for reporting a RCT and a flow diagram to follow the number of participants at each stage of a trial. An explanation and elaboration document not only defines and discusses the importance of each of the items, but also provides examples of how this information could be supplied in a publication. Differences between human and livestock populations necessitate modifications to the CONSORT statement to maximize its usefulness for RCTs involving livestock. These have been addressed in an extension of the CONSORT statement titled the REFLECT statement: Methods and processes of creating reporting guidelines for randomized control trials for livestock and food safety. The modifications made for livestock trials specifically addressed the common use of group housing and group allocation to intervention in livestock studies; the use of deliberate challenge models in some trials and the common use of non-clinical outcomes, such as contamination with a foodborne pathogen. In addition, the REFLECT statement for RCTs in livestock populations proposed specific terms or further clarified terms as they pertained to livestock studies. C1 [Sargeant, J. M.] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Ctr Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Sargeant, J. M.] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [O'Connor, A. M.] Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA USA. [Gardner, I. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Dickson, J. S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Meat Lab 215F, Ames, IA USA. [Torrence, M. E.] USDA ARS, GWCC 4 2194, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Sargeant, JM (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Ctr Publ Hlth & Zoonoses, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM sargeanj@uoguelph.ca RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009; OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714; O'Connor, A/0000-0003-0604-7822 FU USDA Food Safety and Response Network [2005-35212-15287]; National Pork Board; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses in the Public Health Agency of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Institute of Population and Public Health/Public Health Agency of Canada; Association for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; American Meat Institute Foundation FX USDA Food Safety and Response Network (Grant 2005-35212-15287); National Pork Board; Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses in the Public Health Agency of Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research: Institute of Population and Public Health/Public Health Agency of Canada (Applied Public Health Research Chair program); The Association for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine and The American Meat Institute Foundation. NR 113 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PD MAR PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 105 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01312.x PG 32 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 554MQ UT WOS:000274439500002 PM 20070652 ER PT J AU Chen, J Zhang, LD Paoli, GC Shi, CL Tu, SI Shi, XM AF Chen, Jing Zhang, Lida Paoli, George C. Shi, Chunlei Tu, Shu-I Shi, Xianming TI A real-time PCR method for the detection of Salmonella enterica from food using a target sequence identified by comparative genomic analysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 5 '-nuclease real-time PCR; Bioinformatics; Pathogen detection; Salmonella; Target mining ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; UNITED-STATES; INTERNAL CONTROL; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; CAMPYLOBACTER; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERITIDIS; INFECTIONS AB A 5'-nuclease real-time PCR assay using a minor groove binding probe was developed for the detection of Salmonella enterica from artificially contaminated foods. S. entenica-specific sequences were identified by a comparative genomic approach. Several species-specific target sequences were evaluated for specificity. A real-time PCR assay was developed targeting a nucleotide sequence within the putative type III secretion ATP synthase gene (ssaN). An internal amplification control (IAC) probe was designed by randomly shuffling the target probe sequence and a single-stranded oligonucleotide was synthesized to serve as an IAC. The assay demonstrated 100% inclusivity for the 40 Salmonella strains tested and 100% exclusivity for 24 non-Salmonella strains. The detection limit of the real-time PCR assay was 41.2 fg/PCR with Salmonella Typhimurium genomic DNA and 18.6 fg/PCR using Salmonella Enteritidis genomic DNA: 8 and 4 genome equivalents, respectively. In the presence of a natural background flora derived from chicken meat enrichment cultures. the sample preparation and PCR method were capable of detecting as few as 130 Salmonella cfu/mL. Using the developed real-time PCR method to detect Salmonella in artificially contaminated chicken, liquid egg and peanut butter samples, as few as 1 cfu/10 g of sample was detectable after a brief (6 h) non-selective culture enrichment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Joint Sino US Food Safety Res Ctr, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Chen, Jing; Zhang, Lida; Shi, Chunlei; Shi, Xianming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Bor Luh Food Safety Ctr, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Paoli, George C.; Tu, Shu-I] ARS, Joint Sino US Food Safety Res Ctr & Microbial Bio, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Paoli, George C.; Tu, Shu-I] ARS, Residue Chem Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Shi, XM (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Agr & Biol, Joint Sino US Food Safety Res Ctr, Mail Box 49,800 Dong Chuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM George.Paoli@ars.usda.gov; xmshi@sjtu.edu.cn RI Shi, Chunlei/A-6428-2013 OI Shi, Chunlei/0000-0002-5847-7122 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30771792]; Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [08391911000, 08142200700, 08DZ0504200]; US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; USDA; ARS; ERRC FX This work was jointly supported by grant no. 30771792 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China and grant nos. 08391911000, 08142200700 and 08DZ0504200 from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality. We thank Dr. Yiping He and Mr. Biao Suo for helpful discussions and technical advice. Jing Chen would like to thank US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center and Shanghai Jiao Tong University for their generous financial support of her research conducted at the USDA, ARS, ERRC. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 7 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 137 IS 2-3 BP 168 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.12.004 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 560BH UT WOS:000274876300008 PM 20060189 ER PT J AU Ganan, M Collins, M Rastall, R Hotchkiss, AT Chau, HK Carrascosa, AV Martinez-Rodriguez, AJ AF Ganan, M. Collins, M. Rastall, R. Hotchkiss, A. T. Chau, H. K. Carrascosa, A. V. Martinez-Rodriguez, A. J. TI Inhibition by pectic oligosaccharides of the invasion of undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter jejuni SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter jejuni; Caco-2 cells; Adherence; Invasion; Pectic oligosaccharides ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI STRAINS; HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VITRO; CHICKEN GUT; COLONIZATION; ADHESION; CULTURE; ATTACHMENT; INFECTION; PATHOGENS AB The ability of pectic oligosaccharides (POS) to inhibit adherence to and invasion of undifferentiated (UC) and differentiated (DC) Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was investigated. It was observed that both adherence and invasion were significantly higher in UC than in DC. POS (2.5 mg/ml) had no significant effect on the number of bacteria which can adhere to cells, but they significantly inhibited cell invasion. The extent of the anti-invasive effect of POS was dependent on the concentration, although the entire range tested (from 2.5 mg/ml to 0.05 mg/ml) was capable of inhibiting the invasion of Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter to some degree. The pre-incubation or not of C jejuni with POS did not influence the behaviour observed. The results obtained in this work suggest that POS could be potentially useful as alternatives to antibiotics in the control of C. jejuni. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganan, M.; Carrascosa, A. V.; Martinez-Rodriguez, A. J.] CSIC, Inst Fermentac Ind, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Collins, M.; Rastall, R.] Univ Reading, Dept Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. [Hotchkiss, A. T.; Chau, H. K.] Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Martinez-Rodriguez, AJ (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Fermentac Ind, Juan Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM amartinez@ifi.csic.es RI Martinez-Rodriguez, Adolfo/J-3552-2012 OI Martinez-Rodriguez, Adolfo/0000-0002-6140-0732 FU CSIC [CCG07-CSIC/AGR-2255]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [I3P, CSIC] FX This work was founded through project CCG07-CSIC/AGR-2255 from the CSIC. M. Ganan is the recipient of a predoctoral fellowship (I3P, CSIC) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. We thank Andre White and Madhav Yadav for colorimetric assays and methanolysis used in the carbohydrate composition analysis. Richard Radewonuk and Panel Wilson for rotor evaporated and dried filtrate samples. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 137 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.12.007 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 560BH UT WOS:000274876300010 PM 20051304 ER PT J AU Mundell, J Taff, SJ Kilgore, MA Snyder, SA AF Mundell, J. Taff, S. J. Kilgore, M. A. Snyder, S. A. TI Using real estate records to assess forest land parcelization and development: A Minnesota case study SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Property tax records; Forest land parcels ID UNITED-STATES; WATER-QUALITY; NEW-YORK; OWNERSHIP; STAKEHOLDERS; PERCEPTIONS; INVESTMENT; NORTHWOODS; PATTERNS; TRENDS AB We measure the extent and location of forest parcelization activity in a heavily forested Minnesota county between 1999 and 2006 and examine both the immediate and extended relationship between parcelization and development activity. We document forest land parcelization and development activity over time utilizing readily available real estate parcel data. Despite widespread perceptions of rapidly increasing rates of parcelization, we observed no significant positive or negative trend in parcelization activity in Itasca County during the study period: an average of only 0.4% of private forest land was parcelized each year. Parcelization was more common near cities, water, and public lands. While the overall rate of parcelization observed in this study may seem meager, closer examination of specific parcels suggest that parcelization is intimately tied to development activity and that this development occurs not long after parcelization. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taff, S. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mundell, J.; Kilgore, M. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Snyder, S. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Taff, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, 337 Classroom Off Bldg,1994 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM sjtaff@umn.edu FU Minnesota Forest Resources Council; Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station [MN-42-049, MN-14-076]; USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX Funding for this study was provided by the Minnesota Forest Resources Council, the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (Project MN-42-049 and Project MN-14-076), and the USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 94 IS 2 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.08.001 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 556QE UT WOS:000274605400001 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Butry, DT AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Butry, David T. TI Trees in the city: Valuing street trees in Portland, Oregon SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Street trees; Urban forestry; Hedonic valuation; Portland; Oregon ID ON-THE-MARKET; URBAN FOREST; PROPERTY-VALUES; AMENITY VALUE; PRICES; TIME; IMPACT; SALES; GREEN AB We use a hedonic price model to simultaneously estimate the effects of street trees on the sales price and the time-on-market (TOM) of houses in Portland, Oregon. On average, street trees add $8870 to sales price and reduce TOM by 1.7 days. In addition. we found that the benefits of street trees spill over to neighboring houses. Because the provision and maintenance of street trees in Portland is the responsibility of adjacent property owners, our results suggest that if the provision of street trees is left solely to homeowners, then there will be too few street trees from a societal perspective. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. [Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us.gov NR 33 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 94 IS 2 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.07.019 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 556QE UT WOS:000274605400002 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Swingle, BM AF Solaiman, Daniel K. Y. Swingle, Bryan M. TI Isolation of novel Pseudomonas syringae promoters and functional characterization in polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing pseudomonads SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; EXPRESSION VECTOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; OLEOVORANS; CORRUGATA; SEQUENCE; PLASMID AB A library of genomic DNA fragments of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was constructed in a lacZ alpha-containing plasmid, pBS29. The library was used in a preliminary alpha-complementation-based screen to identify clones with promoter activity in Escherichia coli. Ten positive clones were sequenced and their locations in the chromosomal DNA of DC3000 strain were mapped. Five positive clones (P2, P3, P4, P6 and P8) were further assayed for promoter activity in three polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing pseudomonads: Pseudomonas resinovorans, P. corrugata and P. chlororaphis. To this end, a green-fluorescent-protein gene (gfp) was cloned downstream from the putative (DC3000) promoter in a shuttle plasmid. We found that only Pseudomonas transformants harboring the gfp-containing plasmid driven by putative promoter P2 showed fluorescence, indicating that this promoter is functioning in the three tested pseudomonads. Results of an in silico analysis of the P2 sequence further support the assignment of P2 as a bona fide promoter by the localization of putative -10 and -35 promoter regions and a transcription-factor-binding site, rpoD17, in this sequence. We successfully applied promoter P2 to drive the expression in P. chlororaphis of a recombinant alpha-galactosidase gene of Streptomyces coelicolor, which should be useful for the utilization of oligosaccharides of soy molasses for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer or rhamnolipid biosurfactant. C1 [Solaiman, Daniel K. Y.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Swingle, Bryan M.] ARS, RW Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dan.solaiman@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 EI 1876-4347 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.12.003 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 576ML UT WOS:000276148500001 PM 20034598 ER PT J AU Saha, BC Cotta, MA AF Saha, Badal C. Cotta, Michael A. TI Comparison of pretreatment strategies for enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of barley straw to ethanol SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; ALKALINE PEROXIDE; WHEAT-STRAW; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROLYSIS; GLUCOSE; XYLOSE AB Barley straw used in this study contained 34.3% cellulose, 23.0% hemicellulose and 13.3% lignin (moisture, 6.5%). Several pretreatments (dilute acid, lime and alkaline peroxide) and enzymatic saccharification procedures were evaluated for the conversion of barley straw to monomeric sugars. The maximum release of sugars (glucose, 384 mg; xylose, 187 mg; arabinose, 32 mg; total sugars, 604 mg/g; 94% of maximum theoretical sugar yield) from barley straw (10%, w/v) was obtained by alkaline peroxide (2.5% H2O2, pH 11.5) pretreatment (35 degrees C, 24 hours) and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0, 120 hours) after diluting 2 times before adding a cocktail of three commercial enzyme preparations (cellulase, beta-glucosidase and hemicellulase) each at the dose level of 0.15 mug of straw. Dilute acid and lime pretreatments followed by enzymatic saccharification generated 566 mg (88% yield) and 582 mg (91% yield) total sugars/g of barley straw, respectively. The yield of ethanol from the dilute acid pretreated and enzymatically saccharified barley straw hydrolyzate (23.7 g sugars/L) was 11.4 g/L (0.48 g/g available sugars, 0.26 g/g straw) by the mixed sugar utilizing recombinant Escherichia coli strain FBR5 in 17 hours. The ethanol yields were 11.4 and 11.9 g/L from 24.4 and 26.2 g sugars/L obtained from lime and alkaline peroxide pretreated barley straw, respectively. No inhibition of fermentation occurred by any of the three pretreatments under the conditions used. C1 [Saha, Badal C.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Badal.Saha@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 29 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 EI 1876-4347 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.10.005 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 576ML UT WOS:000276148500002 PM 19874923 ER PT J AU Kim, BS Kim, HR Hou, CT AF Kim, Beam Soo Kim, Hak-Ryul Hou, Ching T. TI Effect of surfactant on the production of oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids by Bacillus megaterium ALA2 SO NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLAVIBACTER SP ALA2; OLEIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; 10-HYDROXYSTEARIC ACID; MICROBIAL OXIDATION; STRAIN ALA2; BIOCONVERSION; COMPOUND; FERMENTATION AB Bacillus megaterium ALA2 NRRL B-21660 has been well studied for the production of many oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids from linoleic acid. Its major product, 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (12,13,17-THOA), inhibited the growth of many plant pathogenic fungi. However, we have been unable, until now, to demonstrate 12,13,17-THOA production in a fermentor. Here, we have investigated the effect of surfactants on 12,13,17-THOA production. Surfactant types (SO-25, Tween-80 and Triton X-100) at various concentrations were evaluated for their effects on cell growth and production of 12,13,17-THOA. Triton X-100 decreased cell growth and 12,13,17-THOA production while 1% Tween-80 increased 12,13,17-THOA production more than twofold over control. In a pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) controlled fermentor and with 1.0% Tween-80, both 12,13,17-THOA production and productivity increased to 553 mg/L and 24.0 mg/L/hour, respectively. We further conducted THOA production in a fermentor without the control of pH and DO, but with aeration through medium surface rather than by Spurger, and with various amounts of Tween-80 to compare with the results obtained in flask runs. Both additions with 0.1% and 0.5% Tween-80 and the control runs produced poor amounts of product 12,13,17-THOA. The maximum 12,13,17-THOA production was observed at 1.0% Tween-80 at a yield of 650 mg/L. Thus fermentor production of 12,13,17-THOA was successfully demonstrated. C1 [Kim, Beam Soo; Hou, Ching T.] ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kim, Hak-Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Ching.Hou@ars.usda.gov FU Korea government (MEST) [R01-2008-000-20067-0] FX B.S. Kim would like to acknowledge the support of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (R01-2008-000-20067-0). The technical assistance of Ms Amy Martinez and Mr John Ludeman is highly appreciated. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over the firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-6784 J9 NEW BIOTECHNOL JI New Biotech. PD FEB 28 PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.09.002 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 576ML UT WOS:000276148500005 PM 19748603 ER PT J AU Oliver, MJ Murdock, AG Mishler, BD Kuehl, JV Boore, JL Mandoli, DF Everett, KDE Wolf, PG Duffy, AM Karol, KG AF Oliver, Melvin J. Murdock, Andrew G. Mishler, Brent D. Kuehl, Jennifer V. Boore, Jeffrey L. Mandoli, Dina F. Everett, Karin D. E. Wolf, Paul G. Duffy, Aaron M. Karol, Kenneth G. TI Chloroplast genome sequence of the moss Tortula ruralis: gene content, polymorphism, and structural arrangement relative to other green plant chloroplast genomes SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; LAND PLANTS; PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE; DNA; BRYOPHYTES; LIVERWORTS AB Background: Tortula ruralis, a widely distributed species in the moss family Pottiaceae, is increasingly used as a model organism for the study of desiccation tolerance and mechanisms of cellular repair. In this paper, we present the chloroplast genome sequence of T. ruralis, only the second published chloroplast genome for a moss, and the first for a vegetatively desiccation-tolerant plant. Results: The Tortula chloroplast genome is similar to 123,500 bp, and differs in a number of ways from that of Physcomitrella patens, the first published moss chloroplast genome. For example, Tortula lacks the similar to 71 kb inversion found in the large single copy region of the Physcomitrella genome and other members of the Funariales. Also, the Tortula chloroplast genome lacks petN, a gene found in all known land plant plastid genomes. In addition, an unusual case of nucleotide polymorphism was discovered. Conclusions: Although the chloroplast genome of Tortula ruralis differs from that of the only other sequenced moss, Physcomitrella patens, we have yet to determine the biological significance of the differences. The polymorphisms we have uncovered in the sequencing of the genome offer a rare possibility (for mosses) of the generation of DNA markers for fine-level phylogenetic studies, or to investigate individual variation within populations. C1 [Oliver, Melvin J.] Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS MWA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Murdock, Andrew G.; Mishler, Brent D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Murdock, Andrew G.; Mishler, Brent D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Univ & Jepson Herbaria, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuehl, Jennifer V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Genome Project Solut Inc, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. [Mandoli, Dina F.; Everett, Karin D. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wolf, Paul G.; Duffy, Aaron M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Karol, Kenneth G.] New York Bot Garden, Lewis B & Dorothy Cullman Program Mol Systemat St, Bronx, NY 10458 USA. RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA ARS MWA, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Mel.oliver@ars.usda.gov RI Wolf, Paul/F-7664-2010 OI Wolf, Paul/0000-0002-4317-6976 FU US National Science Foundation; NSF [0228729, 0228660, 0228432]; US National Institutes of Health [T32-HG00035]; USDA-CSREES NRI [2007-02007]; USDA-ARS CRIS [3622-21000-027-00]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported in part by a collaborative grant from the US National Science Foundation: ATOL: Collaborative Research: Deep Green Plant Phylogenetics: Novel Analytical Methods for Scaling from Genomics to Morphology http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/TreeofLife/, NSF grant numbers 0228729 to BDM and JLB, 0228660 to DFM, and 0228432 to PGW. Additional funding was provided by the US National Institutes of Health Interdisciplinary Training in Genomic Sciences Grant T32-HG00035 to KGK and USDA-CSREES NRI grant 2007-02007 to MJO. The authors would like to thank Dr Aru K. Arumuganathan, Director of the Flow Cytometry Core, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason for his excellent technical assistance in the isolation of intact chloroplasts using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We would also like to acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Dean Kelch, Jeremy Hudgeons, and Jim Elder. Work presented here was also supported in part by USDA-ARS CRIS project 3622-21000-027-00 (MJO). This work was also partly performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the United States Department of Agriculture, and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 27 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 143 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-143 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 572MD UT WOS:000275835900001 PM 20187961 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Edu, J McInnis, D AF Shelly, Todd E. Edu, James McInnis, Donald TI Pre-Release consumption of methyl eugenol increases the mating competitiveness of sterile males of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, in large field enclosures SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tephritidae; sterile insect technique; male lure; egg sterility; Psidium guajava; Carica papaya; Malus domestica ID GINGER ROOT OIL; DACUS-DORSALIS; SEXUAL PERFORMANCE; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; MALE ANNIHILATION; INSECT TECHNIQUE; FLIES DIPTERA; CAGE TRIALS; TEPHRITIDAE; BEHAVIOR AB The sterile insect technique may be implemented to control populations of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), when environmental concerns preclude widespread use of chemical attractants or toxicants. The goal of the present study was to evaluate whether the mating competitiveness of sterile B. dorsalis males could be increased via pre-release feeding on methyl eugenol. Males of the oriental fruit fly are strongly attracted to this plant-borne compound, which they ingest and use in the synthesis of the sex pheromone. Previous studies conducted in the laboratory and small field-cages have shown that males given methyl eugenol produce a more attractive pheromone for females and have a higher mating success rate than males denied methyl eugenol. Here, levels of egg sterility were compared following the release of wild-like flies and either methyl eugenol-fed (treated) or methyl eugenol-deprived (control) sterile males in large field enclosures at four over flooding ratios ranging from 5: 1 to 60: 1 (sterile: wild-like males). Treated sterile males were fed methyl eugenol for 1-4 h (depending on the over flooding ratio tested) 3 d prior to release. Eggs were dissected from introduced fruits (apples), incubated in the laboratory, and scored for hatch rate. The effect of methyl eugenol was most pronounced at lower over flooding ratios. At the 5: 1 and 10: 1 over flooding ratios, the level of egg sterility observed for treated, sterile males was significantly greater than that observed for control, sterile males. In addition, the incidence of egg sterility reported for treated sterile males at these lower over flooding ratios was similar to that noted for treated or control sterile males at the 30: 1 or 60: 1 over flooding ratios. This latter result, in particular, suggests that pre-release feeding on methyl eugenol allows for a reduction in the number of sterile flies that are produced and released, thus increasing the cost-effectiveness of the sterile insect technique. C1 [Shelly, Todd E.; Edu, James] USDA APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [McInnis, Donald] USDA ARS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki St, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM todd.e.shelly@aphis.usda.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD FEB 27 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 8 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 563XS UT WOS:000275171800001 PM 20569140 ER PT J AU Schnupf, U Willett, JL Momany, F AF Schnupf, U. Willett, J. L. Momany, F. TI DFTMD studies of glucose and epimers: anomeric ratios, rotamer populations, and hydration energies SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Anomeric ratios; Glucose; Epimers; COSMO; DFTMD ID BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE; EMPIRICAL FORCE-FIELD; AQUEOUS D-GLUCOSE; HYDROXYMETHYL GROUP; RELATIVE STABILITY; D-GALACTOSE; B3LYP/6-311++G-ASTERISK-ASTERISK LEVEL; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS AB Results are presented from density functional molecular dynamics (DFTMD) simulations, based on constant energy dynamics, of glucose and its cyclic form of 6-carbon epimers. Both in vacuo and an implicit solvent method (COSMO) were examined, including simulations of low-energy conformations of each molecule. Analysis of the DFTMD results includes the following: energies averaged over the simulation time, calculated anomeric ratios, hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl rotamer populations, and hydration energies. Hydrogen-bonding networks persistence times were examined, and the effects of solvation on rotamer populations were described. Anomeric ratios calculated from energy optimization of an ensemble of low-energy conformers are compared to those obtained from ensemble averages from molecular dynamics, with dynamics simulations giving populations in best agreement with experimental anomeric ratios. Ensemble results in vacuo were not in agreement with experimental anomeric ratios or hydroxymethyl populations, producing in some cases reversal of the alpha:beta ratios. The difficulty in obtaining correct alpha:beta ratios increases with the number of axial groups; the mono-axial epimers being best represented, epimers with two axial groups being more difficult, and the epimers with three axial hydroxyl groups being most difficult to analyze, the result of a large number of very strong hydrogen-bonding networks that form the ensemble of low-energy conformations in the multi-axial structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schnupf, U.; Willett, J. L.; Momany, F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Momany, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM frank.momany@ars.usda.gov RI Schnupf, Udo/H-4703-2016 OI Schnupf, Udo/0000-0002-1457-1985 NR 100 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 345 IS 4 BP 503 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.carres.2009.12.001 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 569HR UT WOS:000275587700007 PM 20045509 ER PT J AU Welsh, HH Wheeler, CA Lind, AJ AF Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr. Wheeler, Clara A. Lind, Amy J. TI Spatial Ecology of the Oregon Gartersnake, Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus, in a Free-Flowing Stream Environment SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; JUVENILE DISPERSAL; MATING SYSTEMS; GENE FLOW; SNAKE; MAMMALS; POPULATION; MOVEMENT; REPRODUCTION; COMPETITION AB Spatial patterns of animals have Important Implications for population dynamics and can reveal other key aspects of a species' ecology. Movements and the resulting spatial arrangements have fitness and genetic consequences for both Individuals and populations. We studied the spatial and dispersal patterns of the Oregon Gartersnake, Thamnophis atratus hydrophilus, using capture-recapture techniques. Snakes showed aggregated dispersion. Frequency distributions of movement distances were leptokurtic; the degree of kurtosis was highest for juvenile males and lowest for adult females. Males were more frequently recaptured at locations different from their Initial capture sites, regardless of age class. Dispersal of neonates was not biased, whereas juvenile and adult dispersal were male-biased, Indicating that the mechanisms that motivate individual movements differed by both age class and sex. Males were recaptured within shorter time Intervals than females, and juveniles were recaptured within shorter time Intervals than adults. We attribute differences In capture Intervals to higher detectability of males and juveniles, a likely consequence of their greater mobility. The aggregated dispersion appears to be the result of multi-scale habitat selection, and Is consistent with the prey choices and related foraging strategies exhibited by the different age classes. Inbreeding avoidance In juveniles and mate-searching behavior in adults may explain the observed male-biased dispersal patterns. C1 [Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr.; Wheeler, Clara A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Lind, Amy J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM hwelsh@fs.fed.us; cawheeler@fs.fed.us; alind@fs.fed.us NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS HERPETOLOGISTS PI CHARLESTON PA UNIV CHARLESTON, GRICE MARINE LABORATORY, 205 FORT JOHNSON RD, CHARLESTON, SC 29412 USA SN 0045-8511 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD FEB 26 PY 2010 IS 1 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1643/CE-08-106 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 564BI UT WOS:000275185500011 ER PT J AU Soli, F Terrill, TH Shaik, SA Getz, WR Miller, JE Vanguru, M Burke, JM AF Soli, F. Terrill, T. H. Shaik, S. A. Getz, W. R. Miller, J. E. Vanguru, M. Burke, J. M. TI Efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Copper oxide wire particles; Gastrointestinal nematodes; Goats; Sheep ID ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; LAMBS; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; FARMS; EWES AB Profitable sheep and goat production in the USA is severely limited by gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism, particularly by Haemonchus contortus Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) have anti-parasitic properties in the diet of small ruminants, but efficacy of COWP may differ between sheep and goats In a study with weaned kids (Kiko x Spanish cross. 6 months old) and lambs (Katahdin or Dorper x Blackface crosses, 5 months old). grazing the same Pasture area in Central Georgia, 2 g of COWP in a gel capsule was given to half the animals of each species. while the other half were given no COWP Fecal and blood samples were taken weekly to determine GIN fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV) After COWP treatment, animals were grazed for 4 weeks and then Slaughtered, with adult GIN recovered from the abomasum and small intestines for counting and identification to species For both sheep and goats, COWP treatment reduced EPG(P<005), increased PCV(P<005). and lowered abomasal GIN numbers(P<005) For EPG. these differences were 82 5 and 90.5% for sheep and goats. respectively, 26 days after treatment, while adult H contortus were 67 2 and 85 8% lower for COWP-treated sheep and goats, respectively. In this study. COWP treatment was equally effective against H contortus infection in lambs and kids and appears to be an effective method of controlling H contortus infection for up to 6 weeks in small ruminants following weaning (C) 2009 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Soli, F.; Terrill, T. H.; Shaik, S. A.; Getz, W. R.; Vanguru, M.] Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. [Miller, J. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Burke, J. M.] ARS, USDA, DBSFRC, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Terrill, TH (reprint author), Ft Valley State Univ, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. FU USDA [2005-38814-16429, 2005-51300-02392] FX The authors would like to thank the USDA 1890 Institution Teaching and Research Capacity Building Grants Program (Award No. 2005-38814-16429) and USDA CSREES IOP (Project No. 2005-51300-02392) for funding support of this work NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 168 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.10.004 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 569TP UT WOS:000275625000014 PM 19931291 ER PT J AU Klafke, GM de Albuquerque, TA Miller, RJ Schumaker, TTS AF Klafke, Guilherme Marcondes de Albuquerque, Thais Aguiar Miller, Robert John Sato Schumaker, Teresinha Tizu TI Selection of an ivermectin-resistant strain of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Brazil SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Southern cattle-tick; Resistance; Selection; Ivermectin ID BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; CATTLE TICK; HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; SAO-PAULO; IN-VITRO; ABAMECTIN; STATE; TESTS; VIVO; ACID AB Resistance to ivermectin (IVM) in field Populations of Rhipicephalus microplus of Brazil has been observed since 2001 In this work, four selection methods (infestations with: (I) IVM-treated larvae, (2) larvae from IVM-treated adult female ticks, (3) larvae from IVM-treated adult female ticks on an IVM-treated host, and (4) larvae obtained from W-treated females that produced eggs with a high eclosion rate) were used oil a field population with an initial ivermectin (IVM) resistance ratio at LC50 (RR50) of 1 37 with the objective to obtain experimentally a highly-resistant strain After ten generations, using these methods combined, the final RR50 was 8 06 This work shows for the first time that it was possible to increase IVM resistance in R. microplus in laboratory conditions. The establishment of a drug resistant R microplus strain is a fundamental first step for further research into the mechanisms of ivermectin-resistance in R. microplus and potentially methods to control this resistance (C) 2009 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Klafke, Guilherme Marcondes; de Albuquerque, Thais Aguiar; Sato Schumaker, Teresinha Tizu] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miller, Robert John] USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Klafke, GM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Parasitol, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 1374,Lab 41, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. OI Klafke, Guilherme/0000-0002-5620-2483 FU Nucleo de Biotecnologia of UFRGS, RS, Brazil; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) FX We would like to thank Dr Itabajara da Silva Vaz Junior, from Nucleo de Biotecnologia of UFRGS, RS, Brazil, for providing the Porto Alegre strain, the financial support of "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico" (CNPq), Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) and the reviewers of Veterinary Parasitology for the critical review of this article. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 168 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.10.003 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 569TP UT WOS:000275625000015 PM 19864067 ER PT J AU Perez-Cogollo, LC Rodriguez-Vivas, RI Ramirez-Cruz, GT Miller, RJ AF Perez-Cogollo, L. C. Rodriguez-Vivas, R. I. Ramirez-Cruz, G. T. Miller, R. J. TI First report of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus resistant to ivermectin in Mexico SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus microplus; Macrocyclic lactones; Ivermectin; Resistance; Larval immersion test; Mexico ID POTENTIAL RISK-FACTORS; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; AMITRAZ RESISTANCE; STATE; MOXIDECTIN; PREVALENCE; ACARICIDES; IXODIDAE; YUCATAN; BRAZIL AB Three cattle farms with ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus, thought to be resistant to ivermectin in Yucatan, Mexico were studied (SFDO, SPN, LUADY) Each field-population was collected and tested twice several months apart The larval immersion test was used on the progeny of collected adult females to test the susceptibility to ivermectin Dose-mortality regressions, lethal concentrations (LC), their confidence intervals and slope were estimated by probit analysis. Resistance ratios (RR) were determined in the three Investigated populations at the LC(50) and LC(99) estimates. The LUADY (RR(50) 2.04 and 2 29, RR(99) 2 67 and 3 55), SPN (RR(50) 3 55 and 3 68. RR(99) 8 19-11.06) and SFDO (RR(50) 6 84 and 8 59. RR(99) 54 17 and 87 86) ticks had significantly higher LC(50)/LC(99) than the reference Susceptible Deutch strain, demonstrating resistance in the field-collected populations Furthermore, there was significant difference between LC(50)/LC(99) of the SFDO, SPN and LUADY tick populations, which indicates not only the presence of resistant populations, but also different levels of resistance to ivermectin in the field populations studied There was no difference observed at the LC(50) nor LC(99) estimates at two different times of collection from any of the three populations studied. In conclusion. we report for the first time field populations of R microplus resistant to ivermectin in Mexico. (C) 2009 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Perez-Cogollo, L. C.; Rodriguez-Vivas, R. I.; Ramirez-Cruz, G. T.] Univ Autonoma Yacatan, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Parasitol, Merida 97100, Yucatan, Mexico. [Miller, R. J.] USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Rodriguez-Vivas, RI (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Yacatan, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Parasitol, Km 155 Carretera Merida Xmatkuil, Merida 97100, Yucatan, Mexico. FU FOMIX-CONACYT [108773]; CONACYT-Mexico FX This project was founded by FOMIX-CONACYT (108773). We are very grateful to CONACYT-Mexico for supporting Luis Carlos Perez Cogollo in his Masters Degree at FMVZ-UADY. We appreciate the generosity of Guilherme Klafke for his help in the bioassay methodology. Thanks are also due to the farmers who generously gave their time and hospitality. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 26 PY 2010 VL 168 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.10.021 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 569TP UT WOS:000275625000028 PM 19951828 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL Condon, M AF Norrbom, Allen L. Condon, Marty TI Revision of the femoralis group of Blepharoneura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Diptera; Tephritidae; taxonomy; phylogeny; host plant; Cucurbitaceae ID GURANIA-SPINULOSA; FRUIT-FLIES; CUCURBITACEAE; DIVERSITY AB The femoralis species group of the genus Blepharoneura is revised. The following 42 species, including 32 new species, are recognized: amplihyalina, n. sp. (northwestern Argentina), apaapa, n. sp. (Bolivia), aspiculosa, n. sp. (Mexico), bidigitata, n. sp. (southern Brazil), bipunctata, n. sp. (Ecuador), biseriata Wulp (Mexico), bivittata, n. sp. (Nicaragua, Costa Rica), brevivittata, n. sp. (Costa Rica to Peru), chaconi, n. sp. (Costa Rica), cornelli, n. sp. (Costa Rica), cyclantherae, n. sp. (Mexico), femoralis Wulp (Mexico to Brazil), fernandezi, n. sp. (Venezuela, northern Brazil), furcifer Hendel (Venezuela to Bolivia and Brazil), hirsuta Bates (Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil), hyalinella, n. sp. (Bolivia), io Giglio-Tos (Mexico), isolata, n. sp. (Guatemala), lutea, n. sp. (Costa Rica), macwilliamsae, n. sp. (Costa Rica), marshalli, n. sp. (northwestern Argentina), mexicana, n. sp. (Guatemala, Mexico), mikenoltei, n. sp. (Costa Rica), multipunctata, n. sp. (Ecuador), nigriapex, n. sp. (Bolivia), nigrifemur, n. sp. (Bolivia), osmundsonae, n. sp. (Mexico), punctistigma, n. sp. (Mexico to Costa Rica), quadristriata Wulp (Mexico to Costa Rica; possibly Colombia), quetzali, n. sp. (Guatemala), regina Giglio-Tos (Mexico), rupta (Wulp) (Mexico to Costa Rica), ruptafascia, n. sp. (Ecuador), septemdigitata, n. sp. (Peru, Bolivia), sinepuncta, n. sp. (Costa Rica), splendida Giglio-Tos (Mexico to Ecuador), tau, n. sp. (Costa Rica), thetis Hendel (southern Brazil), unifasciata, n. sp. (Ecuador), variabilis, n. sp. (Mexico), wasbaueri, n. sp. (Ecuador), and zumbadoi, n. sp. (Costa Rica). Blepharoneura amazonensis Lima & Leite, 1952 is considered a new synonym of B. hirsuta Bates, 1933, and a lectotype is designated for Blepharoneura furcifer Hendel, 1914. A key to species and phylogenetic analysis are provided, as well as descriptions, illustrations, distributions, and host plant data (as available) for each species. C1 [Norrbom, Allen L.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Condon, Marty] Cornell Coll, Dept Biol, Mt Vernon, IA 52314 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, USDA, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM allen.norrbom@ars.usda.gov; MCondon@cornellcollege.edu FU Scientific Cooperation and Research Program; ICD; FAS; USDA; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation [NSF HRD91-03322, NSF DEB 0330845]; Cornell College FX We sincerely thank the many scientists, curators and institutions who kindly loaned or provided specimens for study, particularly Paul Hanson (UCRSJ), Amnon Freidberg (TAUI), Wilford Hanson (USU), and Manuel Zumbado (INBio). J. M. Maes and S. A. Marshall kindly permitted us to deposit the holotypes of B. bivittata and B. marshalli in the USNM. We thank Steve Smith (Smithsonian Institution) for identification of host plants, and Matt Nolte for assistance scoring wing pattern characters. Lucrecia Rodriguez "inked" the terminalia images and enhanced the wing images for publication and prepared the plates. Linda Lawrence produced most of the thorax (dorsal) and abdomen images, J. Marie Metz drew the habitus, head, thorax (lateral), and leg images, and Erica Osmundson drew many of the male terminalia. Gary Steck kindly shared images of the host and larva of B. mexicana. Barbara and Lillian Christie-Pope, Holly Griswold, Mary Harris, Kerry Lewis, Trinity McWilliams, Jon Shik, and Adrienne Valesano assisted in the successful search for infested host material in Costa Rica. We are also grateful to Bob Kula, Wayne Mathis, Norm Woodley, Valery Korneyev and Gary Steck for their thorough reviews of the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the following sources of funding, without which this work would not have been possible: Scientific Cooperation and Research Program, ICD, FAS, USDA (ALN project with INBio, Costa Rica), the Smithsonian Institution (postdoctoral fellowship to MC), the National Science Foundation (NSF HRD91-03322, NSF DEB 0330845 to MC), and Cornell College (MC). NR 28 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 26 PY 2010 IS 2374 BP 1 EP 139 PG 139 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 561SP UT WOS:000274999500001 ER PT J AU Pogue, MG AF Pogue, Michael G. TI The Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE faunistics; All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory; North Carolina; Tennessee; moths AB Fifty-two species of Hadeninae are recorded from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee and North Carolina, USA. Of the six hadenine tribes, five are present in the Park. They include 13 species of Orthosiini, one species of Tholerini, ten species of Hadenini, nine species of Leucaniini, and 19 species of Eriopygini. A total of 160 localities were collected across the Park. The three most diverse localities in the Park were Purchase Knob with 44 species, Big Cove Road with 32 species, and Foothills Parkway with 24 species. The most widespread species in the Park was Pseudorthodes vecors from 59 localities. The most abundant species was Polia detracta with 210 specimens. Images of adults, description/diagnosis, flight period, collected localities, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts are presented for each species. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Pogue, MG (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM mpogue@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 26 PY 2010 IS 2380 BP 1 EP 70 PG 70 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 561SV UT WOS:000275000100001 ER PT J AU Trouet, V Taylor, AH Wahl, ER Skinner, CN Stephens, SL AF Trouet, Valerie Taylor, Alan H. Wahl, Eugene R. Skinner, Carl N. Stephens, Scott L. TI Fire-climate interactions in the American West since 1400 CE SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; REGIMES; PACIFIC; USA; SOUTHWEST; NORTHWEST; HISTORY; FORESTS; RANGE AB Despite a strong anthropogenic fingerprint on 20th Century wildland fire activity in the American West, climate remains a main driver. A better understanding of the spatiotemporal variability in fire-climate interactions is therefore crucial for fire management. Here, we present annually resolved, tree-ring based fire records for four regions in the American West that extend back to 1400 CE. In all regions, years with high fire activity were characterized by widespread yet regionally distinct summer droughts. Overall fire activity was high in late Medieval times, when much of the American West was affected by mega-droughts. A distinct decline in fire activity in the late 16th Century corresponds with anomalously low temperatures during the Little Ice Age and a decline in Native American fire use. The high spatiotemporal resolution of our fire record discloses a time-frequency dependent climatic influence on wildfire regimes in the American West that needs to be accounted for in fire models. Citation: Trouet, V., A. H. Taylor, E. R. Wahl, C. N. Skinner, and S. L. Stephens (2010), Fire-climate interactions in the American West since 1400 CE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L04702, doi: 10.1029/2009GL041695. C1 [Trouet, Valerie] WSL, Swiss Fed Res Inst, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Taylor, Alan H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wahl, Eugene R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Paleoclimate Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Skinner, Carl N.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Stephens, Scott L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trouet, V (reprint author), WSL, Swiss Fed Res Inst, Zurcherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM trouet@wsl.ch FU USDI/USDA [04-JV-11272162-407] FX This research was supported by a cooperative agreement with the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station (04-JV-11272162-407) from funds provided by the USDI/USDA Interagency Joint Fire Sciences Program and a Deike Research grant. The regional temperature reconstructions were supported by the Weather and Climate Impacts Science Assessment initiative at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We thank Jan Esper and David Frank for helpful suggestions. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L04702 DI 10.1029/2009GL041695 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 562FP UT WOS:000275035500003 ER PT J AU Wang, GM Minnis, RB Belant, JL Wax, CL AF Wang, Guiming Minnis, Richard B. Belant, Jerrold L. Wax, Charles L. TI Dry weather induces outbreaks of human West Nile virus infections SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITOS; DISEASE; MODEL; RISK AB Background: Since its first occurrence in the New York City area during 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has spread rapidly across North America and has become a major public health concern in North America. By 2002, WNV was reported in 40 states and the District of Columbia with 4,156 human and 14,539 equine cases of infection. Mississippi had the highest human incidence rate of WNV during the 2002 epidemic in the United States. Epidemics of WNV can impose enormous impacts on local economies. Therefore, it is advantageous to predict human WNV risks for cost-effective controls of the disease and optimal allocations of limited resources. Understanding relationships between precipitation and WNV transmission is crucial for predicting the risk of the human WNV disease outbreaks under predicted global climate change scenarios. Methods: We analyzed data on the human WNV incidences in the 82 counties of Mississippi in 2002, using standard morbidity ratio (SMR) and Bayesian hierarchical models, to determine relationships between precipitation and human WNV risks. We also entertained spatial autocorrelations of human WNV risks with conditional autocorrelative (CAR) models, implemented in WinBUGS 1.4.3. Results: We observed an inverse relationship between county-level human WNV incidence risk and total annual rainfall during the previous year. Parameters representing spatial heterogeneity in the risk of human exposure to WNV improved model fit. Annual precipitation of the previous year was a predictor of spatial variation of WNV risk. Conclusions: Our results have broad implications for risk assessment of WNV and forecasting WNV outbreaks. Assessing risk of vector-born infectious diseases will require understanding of complex ecological relationships. Based on the climatologically characteristic drought occurrence in the past and on climate model predictions for climate change and potentially greater drought occurrence in the future, we suggest that the frequency and relative risk of WNV outbreaks could increase. C1 [Wang, Guiming; Minnis, Richard B.; Belant, Jerrold L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wax, Charles L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Geosci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Minnis, Richard B.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Wang, GM (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mail Stop 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM gwang@cfr.msstate.edu RI Wang, Guiming/E-4582-2011 FU Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University FX We thank anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on this manuscript. Guiming Wang, Rich Minnis, and Jerry Belant were supported by the Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 38 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-10-38 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 572XK UT WOS:000275870100001 PM 20181272 ER PT J AU Draghi, A Bebak, J Daniels, S Tulman, ER Geary, SJ West, AB Popov, VL Frasca, S AF Draghi, Andrew, II Bebak, Julie Daniels, Stephen Tulman, Edan R. Geary, Steven J. West, A. Brian Popov, Vsevolod L. Frasca, Salvatore, Jr. TI Identification of 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis' in Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus during a survey of charr production facilities in North America SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Arctic charr; Epitheliocystis; 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis'; Chlamydia; Water supply; Survey; Environment ID FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; EPITHELIOCYSTIS DISEASE; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ORDER CHLAMYDIALES; BIDYANUS-BIDYANUS; CYPRINUS-CARPIO; RIBOSOMAL DNA AB Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus production facilities, nonproduction water sources and effluents in the United States and Canada were sampled to determine if chlamydiae associated with epitheliocystis were present in water and were associated with inclusions of epitheliocystis in gill tissue. Gills from 607 fish from 13 sites were processed for histopathologic examination and DNA extraction. Water was collected from 21 locations for DNA testing. Eighteen fish from one location had inclusions of epitheliocystis with proliferative and inflammatory gill lesions. Inclusions were stained using the Gimenez technique and, at the ultrastructural level, consisted of intra cytoplasmic membrane-bound vacuoles containing reticulate and intermediate bodies in a fibrillar matrix. PCR using Order Chlamydiales-specific primers performed on DNA extracts from 12 of 13 infected fish yielded amplicons that were identical to (GQ302988) or differed at one base from (GQ302987) the 16S ribosomal RNA gene signature sequence of 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis', which is the chlamydia that was previously identified in epitheliocystis inclusions of farmed Atlantic salmon. In situ hybridization using a similar to 1.5 kb riboprobe corresponding to the 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis' 16S rRNA genetic sequence (AY462244) confirmed its presence within Arctic charr gill inclusions. DNA isolated from water samples was tested by Chlamydiales-specific PCR and yielded 54 partial 16S rRNA genetic sequences spanning the signature region; however, no 16S rRNA genetic sequences associated with epitheliocystis were identified. This is the first report of 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis' associated with epitheliocystis in Arctic charr, the first identification of 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis' from a freshwater production location, and the first reported occurrence in North America. C1 [Draghi, Andrew, II; Tulman, Edan R.; Geary, Steven J.; West, A. Brian; Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Daniels, Stephen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Physiol & Neurobiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Tulman, Edan R.; Geary, Steven J.; Frasca, Salvatore, Jr.] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Excellence Vaccine Res, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Bebak, Julie] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [West, A. Brian] Yale Univ, Dept Pathol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. [Popov, Vsevolod L.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Electron Microscopy Lab, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Bebak, J (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM julie.bebak@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture; Agriculture Research Service [58-1930-5-510]; University of Connecticut Research Foundation; USDA Cooperative State Research; Education and Extension Service; Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station; Connecticut Sea Grant College Program FX We thank the Arctic charr producers for allowing access to their farms during this study; L. Silbart and D. Rood for support of the in situ hybridization experiments; I. Jackman and D. Woodward for expert histotechnological services; and M. Sharrer for excellent on-farm technical support. The various elements of this investigation were funded by the US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, under agreement No. 58-1930-5-510, and by grants from the University of Connecticut Research Foundation, the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Connecticut Sea Grant College Program. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.3354/dao02171 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 571FT UT WOS:000275737800005 PM 20391911 ER PT J AU Baasch, DM Tyre, AJ Millspaugh, JJ Hygnstrom, SE Vercauteren, KC AF Baasch, David M. Tyre, Andrew J. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Hygnstrom, Scott E. Vercauteren, Kurt C. TI An evaluation of three statistical methods used to model resource selection SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Discrete choice; Evaluation of methods; Logistic-regression; Maxent; Resource selection; Simulation ID CHARACTERISTIC ROC CURVE; HABITAT SELECTION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; ECOLOGICAL THEORY; AVAILABILITY DATA; SCALE; ALGORITHMS; WILDLIFE; AREA AB The performance of statistical methods for modeling resource selection by animals is difficult to evaluate with field data because true selection patterns are unknown. Simulated data based on a known probability distribution, though, can be used to evaluate statistical methods. Models should estimate true selection patterns if they are to be useful in analyzing and interpreting field data. We used simulation techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of three statistical methods used in modeling resource selection. We generated 25 use locations per animal and included 10, 20,40, or 80 animals in samples of use locations. To simulate species of different mobility, we generated use locations at four levels according to a known probability distribution across DeSoto National Wildlife Refuge (DNWR) in eastern Nebraska and western Iowa, USA. We either generated 5 random locations per use location or 10,000 random locations (total) within 4 predetermined areas around use locations to determine how the definition of availability and the number of random locations affected results. We analyzed simulated data using discrete choice, logistic-regression, and a maximum entropy method (Maxent). We used a simple linear regression of estimated and known probability distributions and area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) to evaluate the performance of each method. Each statistical method was affected differently by number of animals and random locations used in analyses, level at which selection of resources occurred, and area considered available. Discrete-choice modeling resulted in precise and accurate estimates of the true probability distribution when the area in which use locations were generated was ?: the area defined to be available. Logistic-regression models were unbiased and precise when the area in which use locations were generated and the area defined to be available were the same size: the fit of these models improved with increased numbers of random locations. Maxent resulted in unbiased and precise estimates of the known probability distribution when the area in which use locations were generated was small (home-range level) and the area defined to be available was large (study area). Based on AUC analyses, all models estimated the selection distribution better than random chance. Results from AUC analyses, however, often contradicted results of the linear regression method used to evaluate model performance. Discrete-choice modeling was best able to estimate the known selection distribution in our study area regardless of sample size or number of random locations used in the analyses, but we recommend further studies using simulated data over different landscapes and different resource metrics to confirm our results. our study offers an approach and guidance for others interested in assessing the utility of techniques for modeling resource selection in their study area. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baasch, David M.; Tyre, Andrew J.; Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Vercauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Baasch, DM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St,Hardin Hall 135, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dbaasch2@unl.edu NR 56 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 4 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.10.033 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559RS UT WOS:000274844500001 ER PT J AU McCann, LC Bethke, PC Simon, PW AF McCann, Leah C. Bethke, Paul C. Simon, Philipp W. TI Extensive Variation in Fried Chip Color and Tuber Composition in Cold-Stored Tubers of Wild Potato (Solanum) Germplasm SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Potato; Solanum germplasm; extreme cold storage; cold-induced sweetening; low-temperature sweetening; Maillard reaction; tuber sugar concentration; tuber asparagine concentration; chip color; invertase ID LOW-TEMPERATURE STORAGE; ACRYLAMIDE FORMATION; ACID INVERTASE; AMINO-ACIDS; QUALITY TRAITS; SUGARS; CULTIVARS; PARAMETERS; RESISTANCE; VARIETY AB Cold-induced sweetening and browning in the Maillard reaction have driven extensive research in the areas of plant physiology, biochemistry, and food science in Solarium tuberosum because of its importance to the potato-processing industry. Prior research has not characterized wild Solanum relatives of potato for tuber composition and has not determined if relationships between tuber composition and chip color after cold storage in wild species are comparable to those found for cultivated potato. Extensive inter- and intraspecific variation for chip color and tuber composition were found in the wild Solanum species examined. Tuber sugar profiles suggested that invertase activity at low temperatures differed between and within species. Tuber fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations partially explained chip color variation in most accessions, but asparagine concentration and percent dry matter did not. Most wild species had reducing sugar concentrations and chip color scores after 2 degrees C storage that were less than those in S. tuberosum cultivar Snowden. Sugar profiles and relationships between specific sugars and chip color in Solarium pinnatisectum were unique among the species examined. C1 [Bethke, Paul C.] ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bethke, PC (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Paul.Bethke@ars.usda.gov FU University of Wisconsin Food Research Institute FX We thank Michael Casler, Douglas Senalik, and Andy Hamernik, USDA-ARS at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for advice and skillful technical assistance. Support of the University of Wisconsin Food Research Institute in evaluation of tuber composition is appreciated. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2368 EP 2376 DI 10.1021/jf903446v PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 555QZ UT WOS:000274530100046 PM 20099883 ER PT J AU Johnson, ET Berhow, MA Dowd, PF AF Johnson, Eric T. Berhow, Mark A. Dowd, Patrick F. TI Constitutive Expression of the Maize Genes B1 and C1 in Transgenic Hi II Maize Results in Differential Tissue Pigmentation and Generates Resistance to Helicoverpa zea SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Insect; resistance; Thysanoptera; Lepidoptera; Zea mays ID ANTHOCYANINS FUNCTION; RED; TRANSFORMATION; ACCUMULATION; FLAVONOIDS; PURPLE; GROWTH; LEAVES; PLANTS; COTTON AB Anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize protects tissues from biotic and abiotic stresses. Constitutive expression of the maize 61 and C1 genes, which induces anthocyanin biosynthesis, resulted in transgenic plants with varied phenotypes. Some colored leaves were substantially resistant to thrips damage, while only leaves with the highest levels of cyanidin, the predominant anthocyanidin detected in all colored transgenic tissues, were resistant to corn earworm (CEW) larvae. Colored anthers were resistant to CEW feeding, and reductions in CEW growth were significantly correlated to levels of cyanidin in the anthers. Cyanidin chloride and cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride added to insect diet slowed the growth of CEW larvae. Attempts to produce 3'5'-hydroxylated anthocyanins in colored maize with the expression of a petunia F3'5'H hydroxylase gene were unsuccessful. C1 [Johnson, Eric T.; Dowd, Patrick F.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Berhow, Mark A.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Johnson, ET (reprint author), ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM eric.t.johnson@ars.usda.gov OI Johnson, Eric/0000-0002-1665-6229 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2403 EP 2409 DI 10.1021/jf903423g PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 555QZ UT WOS:000274530100050 PM 20108901 ER PT J AU Cook, KL Britt, JS Bolster, CH AF Cook, Kimberly L. Britt, Jenks S. Bolster, Carl H. TI Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in biofilms on livestock watering trough materials SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis; Johne's; Plastic; Steel; Trough; Water; Biofilm ID REAL-TIME PCR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SSP PARATUBERCULOSIS; DAIRY FARMS; ADHESION; QUANTIFICATION; HYDROPHOBICITY; ENVIRONMENT; CATTLE; ASSAY AB Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteric infection that affects ruminants. Despite the ubiquitous occurrence of Mycobacterium sp. in nature and the fact that Johne's disease has been reported worldwide, little research has been done to assess its survival in agricultural environments. The goal of this 365-day study was to evaluate the ability of Map to persist in mixed-community biofilms on materials commonly used to construct livestock watering troughs. Map was inoculated into 32 1 of trough water containing either concrete, plastic, galvanized OF stainless steel trough materials. The concentration of Map was determined by using quantitative, real-time PCR to target the IS900 sequence in DNA extracts. High concentrations of Map were detected on all trough materials after 3 days (around 1 x 10(5) cells cm(-2)). Based on the best-fit slopes, the time required for a 99% reduction (t(99)) in biofilm-associated Map cells was 144 and 115 days for plastic and stainless steel trough materials, respectively. Map concentrations did not decrease on concrete and galvanized steel trough materials. These results suggest that Map survives well in biofilms present on livestock watering trough materials. To inhibit spread of this organism and exposure of susceptible animals to Map on infected farms, best management practices aimed at maintaining biofilm-free trough surfaces should be included in any Johne's control plan. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cook, Kimberly L.; Bolster, Carl H.] ARS, USDA, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Britt, Jenks S.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Agr, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. RP Cook, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 230 Bennett Ln, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM kim.cook@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD FEB 24 PY 2010 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.013 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 569PO UT WOS:000275610200015 PM 19717251 ER PT J AU Duan, JJ Lundgren, JG Naranjo, S Marvier, M AF Duan, Jian J. Lundgren, Jonathan G. Naranjo, Steve Marvier, Michelle TI Extrapolating non-target risk of Bt crops from laboratory to field SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE non-target effects; Bt crops; risk assessment; transgenic crops; meta-analysis ID TRANSGENIC CROPS; METAANALYSIS; ARTHROPODS AB The tiered approach to assessing ecological risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops assumes that lower tier laboratory studies, which expose surrogate non-target organisms to high doses of insecticidal proteins, can detect harmful effects that might be manifested in the field. To test this assumption, we performed meta-analyses comparing results for non-target invertebrates exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins in laboratory studies with results derived from independent field studies examining effects on the abundance of non-target invertebrates. For Lepidopteran-active Cry proteins, laboratory studies correctly predicted the reduced field abundance of non-target Lepidoptera. However, laboratory studies incorporating tri-trophic interactions of Bt plants, herbivores and parasitoids were better correlated with the decreased field abundance of parasitoids than were direct-exposure assays. For predators, laboratory tri-trophic studies predicted reduced abundances that were not realized in field studies and thus overestimated ecological risk. Exposure to Coleopteran-active Cry proteins did not significantly reduce the laboratory survival or field abundance of any functional group examined. Our findings support the assumption that laboratory studies of transgenic insecticidal crops show effects that are either consistent with, or more conservative than, those found in field studies, with the important caveat that laboratory studies should explore all ecologically relevant routes of exposure. C1 [Marvier, Michelle] Santa Clara Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Duan, Jian J.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Lundgren, Jonathan G.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Naranjo, Steve] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Marvier, M (reprint author), Santa Clara Univ, Inst Environm Studies, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. EM mmarvier@scu.edu FU EPA [CR-832147-01] FX Construction of Nontarget Effects of Bt Crops Database was supported by EPA grant CR-832147-01. Thanks to Doug Luster (USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit) for helpful comments. NR 12 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD FEB 23 PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 74 EP 77 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0612 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 542NR UT WOS:000273501700021 PM 19740894 ER PT J AU Thomson, JG Chan, R Thilmony, R Yau, YY Ow, DW AF Thomson, James G. Chan, Ronald Thilmony, Roger Yau, Yuan-Yeu Ow, David W. TI PhiC31 recombination system demonstrates heritable germinal transmission of site-specific excision from the Arabidopsis genome SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SELECTABLE MARKER GENES; AGROBACTERIUM T-DNA; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PHI-C31 INTEGRASE; CRE RECOMBINASE; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PHAGE INTEGRASE; THALIANA; TOBACCO AB Background: The large serine recombinase phiC31 from broad host range Streptomyces temperate phage, catalyzes the site-specific recombination of two recognition sites that differ in sequence, typically known as attachment sites attB and attP. Previously, we characterized the phiC31 catalytic activity and modes of action in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Results: In this work, the phiC31 recombinase gene was placed under the control of the Arabidopsis OXS3 promoter and introduced into Arabidopsis harboring a chromosomally integrated attB and attP-flanked target sequence. The phiC31 recombinase excised the attB and attP-flanked DNA, and the excision event was detected in subsequent generations in the absence of the phiC31 gene, indicating germinal transmission was possible. We further verified that the genomic excision was conservative and that introduction of a functional recombinase can be achieved through secondary transformation as well as manual crossing. Conclusion: The phiC31 system performs site-specific recombination in germinal tissue, a prerequisite for generating stable lines with unwanted DNA removed. The precise site-specific deletion by phiC31 in planta demonstrates that the recombinase can be used to remove selectable markers or other introduced transgenes that are no longer desired and therefore can be a useful tool for genome engineering in plants. C1 [Thomson, James G.; Chan, Ronald; Thilmony, Roger] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yau, Yuan-Yeu; Ow, David W.] Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Yau, Yuan-Yeu; Ow, David W.] UC Berkeley, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Thomson, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM James.Thomson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [5325-21000-002-00D] FX We thank K. McCue and C. Tobias for reading the manuscript. We also express our thanks to Jamison Smith and Isaish Deresa for technical assistance. References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Research was funded by USDA-ARS project 5325-21000-002-00D. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD FEB 23 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 17 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-10-17 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 569BD UT WOS:000275570000001 PM 20178628 ER PT J AU van Erk, MJ Wopereis, S Rubingh, C van Vliet, T Verheij, E Cnubben, NHP Pedersen, TL Newman, JW Smilde, AK van der Greef, J Hendriks, HFJ van Ommen, B AF van Erk, Marjan J. Wopereis, Suzan Rubingh, Carina van Vliet, Trinette Verheij, Elwin Cnubben, Nicole H. P. Pedersen, Theresa L. Newman, John W. Smilde, Age K. van der Greef, Jan Hendriks, Henk F. J. van Ommen, Ben TI Insight in modulation of inflammation in response to diclofenac intervention: a human intervention study SO BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NF-KAPPA-B; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; CIRCULATING MARKERS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PROSTAGLANDINS; GENE; DISCRIMINATION; INTERLEUKIN-6 AB Background: Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation in obese subjects is associated with health complications including cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance and diabetes. Reducing inflammatory responses may reduce these risks. However, available markers of inflammatory status inadequately describe the complexity of metabolic responses to mild anti-inflammatory therapy. Methods: To address this limitation, we used an integrative omics approach to characterize modulation of inflammation in overweight men during an intervention with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Measured parameters included 80 plasma proteins, >300 plasma metabolites (lipids, free fatty acids, oxylipids and polar compounds) and an array of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) gene expression products. These measures were submitted to multivariate and correlation analysis and were used for construction of biological response networks. Results: A panel of genes, proteins and metabolites, including PGE(2) and TNF-alpha, were identified that describe a diclofenac-response network (68 genes in PBMC, 1 plasma protein and 4 plasma metabolites). Novel candidate markers of inflammatory modulation included PBMC expression of annexin A1 and caspase 8, and the arachidonic acid metabolite 5,6-DHET. Conclusion: In this study the integrated analysis of a wide range of parameters allowed the development of a network of markers responding to inflammatory modulation, thereby providing insight into the complex process of inflammation and ways to assess changes in inflammatory status associated with obesity. C1 [van Erk, Marjan J.; Wopereis, Suzan; Rubingh, Carina; van Vliet, Trinette; Verheij, Elwin; Cnubben, Nicole H. P.; Smilde, Age K.; van der Greef, Jan; Hendriks, Henk F. J.; van Ommen, Ben] TNO Qual Life, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. [Pedersen, Theresa L.; Newman, John W.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Newman, John W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP van Erk, MJ (reprint author), TNO Qual Life, POB 360, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. EM marjan.vanerk@tno.nl NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1755-8794 J9 BMC MED GENOMICS JI BMC Med. Genomics PD FEB 23 PY 2010 VL 3 AR 5 DI 10.1186/1755-8794-3-5 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 569YR UT WOS:000275639300001 PM 20178593 ER PT J AU Khan, AS Bodles-Brakhop, AM Fiorotto, ML Draghia-Akli, R AF Khan, Amir S. Bodles-Brakhop, Angela M. Fiorotto, Marta L. Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra TI Effects of maternal plasmid GHRH treatment on offspring growth SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Electroporation; Gene therapy; Growth hormone releasing hormone; Plasmid; Swine ID HORMONE-RELEASING-HORMONE; PROGENY GROWTH; PIGS; ELECTROPORATION; STIMULATION; SECRETION; CJC-1295; THERAPY; HEALTHY; ADULTS AB To differentiate prenatal effects of plasmid growth hormone-releasing hormone (CHRH) treatment from maternal effects mediated by lactation on long-term growth of offspring, a cross-fostering study was designed. Pregnant sows (n = 12) were untreated (n = 6) or received either a Wt-GHRH (n = 2) or HV-GHRH (n = 4) plasmid. At birth, half of each litter was cross-fostered (treated to controls and controls to treated 1.46 +/- 0.05 kg vs. Controls, 1.27 +/- 0.03 kg: P >= 0.001) and at weaning (Wt-GHRH, 6.01 +/- 0.21 kg and HV-GHRH, 6.34 +/- 0.15 kg vs. Controls, 5.37 +/- 0.14 kg; P >= 0.02, respectively). Control piglets cross-fostered to plasmid-injected sows grew faster to weaning (Wt-GHRH, 5.61 +/- 0.15 kg and HV-GHRH, 5.70 +/- 0.29 kg vs. Controls, 5.08 +/- 0.22 kg; P > 0.05, respectively). Piglets from plasmid-injected sows that suckled on control sows were larger than control piglets on control sows (Wt-CHRH, 5.93 +/- 0.20 kg and HV-GHRH, 6.2 +/- 0.19 kg vs. Controls, 5.08 +/- 0.22 kg; P > 0.05, respectively), but smaller than their littermates left on their treated mothers. The observed improvements were maintained until the end of the study when the offspring were 170-day-old. The results suggest that the improved growth of offspring of GHRH plasmid-treated sows pre-weaning is attributable to improved maternal performance, while after weaning the effects on the pituitary component are relevant. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Khan, Amir S.; Bodles-Brakhop, Angela M.; Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra] VGX Pharmaceut Inc, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Fiorotto, Marta L.] USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Khan, AS (reprint author), VGX Pharmaceut Inc, 2700 Res Forest Dr,Suite 180, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. EM akhan@inovio.com FU VGX Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Woodlands, TX [77382]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-6250-6001]; Meat Science Department at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; Drs. Doug Kern and Patricia Brown; Rosenbaums at the R&D research farm, TX FX This study was funded by VGX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, TX 77382 (formerly ADViSYS) and in part from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-6001. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organization imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. We would like to thank the Meat Science Department at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; Drs. Doug Kern and Patricia Brown for support and invaluable expertise; and the Rosenbaums at the R&D research farm, TX. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 23 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 8 SI SI BP 1905 EP 1910 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.093 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 573MV UT WOS:000275918900003 PM 20188245 ER PT J AU Wengier, DL Mazzella, MA Salem, TM McCormick, S Muschietti, JP AF Wengier, Diego L. Mazzella, Maria A. Salem, Tamara M. McCormick, Sheila Muschietti, Jorge P. TI STIL, a peculiar molecule from styles, specifically dephosphorylates the pollen receptor kinase LePRK2 and stimulates pollen tube growth in vitro SO BMC PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYCOPERSICON-PERUVIANUM; PHYTOSULFOKINE-ALPHA; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR; BINDING-SITES; PLANT PEPTIDE; ROOT-GROWTH; PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; TOMATO AB Background: LePRK1 and LePRK2 are two pollen receptor kinases localized to the plasma membrane, where they are present in a high molecular weight complex (LePRK complex). LePRK2 is phosphorylated in mature and germinated pollen, but is dephosphorylated when pollen membranes are incubated with tomato or tobacco style extracts. Results: Here we show that LePRK2 dephosphorylation is mediated by a heat-, acid-, base-, DTT- and protease-resistant component from tobacco styles. Using LePRK2 phosphorylation as a tracking assay for purification, style exudates were subjected to chloroform extraction, anionic exchange, and C18 reverse-phase chromatography columns. We finally obtained a single similar to 3,550 Da compound ( as determined by UV-MALDI-TOF MS) that we named STIL ( for Style Interactor for LePRKs). STIL increased pollen tube lengths of in vitro germinated pollen in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: We propose that the LePRK complex perceives STIL, resulting in LePRK2 dephosphorylation and an increase in pollen tube growth. C1 [Wengier, Diego L.; Mazzella, Maria A.; Salem, Tamara M.; Muschietti, Jorge P.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Ingn Genet & Biol Mol INGEBI, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Muschietti, Jorge P.] Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fisiol & Biol Mol & Celular, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [McCormick, Sheila] ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [McCormick, Sheila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muschietti, JP (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Inst Ingn Genet & Biol Mol INGEBI, Vuelta Obligado 2490, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM prometeo@dna.uba.ar OI Muschietti, Jorge/0000-0002-5719-4833; McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 FU PIP-CONICET [5145]; UBACyT [X155]; BID-OC-AR 1728 [PICT2005, 31656, PICT2007, 01976]; USDA Current Research Information System [5335-21000-030-00D] FX We thank Martha Bravo for her help in FPLC Superdex fractionation. We thank Mar a Laura Barberini and Mariana Obertello for critical reading of the manuscript. We thank UC-Berkeley undergraduates Michelle Meador and Emily Fox for technical assistance, and Leonor Boavida for her constant advice.; This work was supported in part by PIP-CONICET grant # 5145, UBACyT # X155 & BID-OC-AR 1728 PICT2005 # 31656 and PICT2007 # 01976, and by USDA Current Research Information System 5335-21000-030-00D. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2229 J9 BMC PLANT BIOL JI BMC Plant Biol. PD FEB 22 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 33 DI 10.1186/1471-2229-10-33 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 570HP UT WOS:000275663900001 PM 20175921 ER PT J AU Nave, LE Vance, ED Swanston, CW Curtis, PS AF Nave, Lucas E. Vance, Eric D. Swanston, Christopher W. Curtis, Peter S. TI Harvest impacts on soil carbon storage in temperate forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Forest management; Harvest; Site preparation; Soil carbon; Soil order; Meta-analysis ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; FLOOR ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; LAND-USE HISTORY; WHOLE-TREE; CLEAR-CUT; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MECHANICAL DISTURBANCE; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS AB Forest soil carbon (C) storage is a significant component of the global C cycle, and is important for sustaining forest productivity. Although forest management may have substantial impacts on soil C storage, experimental data from forest harvesting studies have not been synthesized recently. To quantify the effects of harvesting on soil C, and to identify sources of variation in soil C responses to harvest, we used meta-analysis to test a database of 432 soil C response ratios drawn from temperate forest harvest studies around the world. Harvesting reduced soil C by an average of 8 +/- 3% (95% CI), although numerous sources of variation mediated this significant, overall effect. In particular, we found that C concentrations and C pool sizes responded differently to harvesting, and forest floors were more likely to lose C than mineral soils. Harvesting caused forest floor C storage to decline by a remarkably consistent 30 +/- 6%, but losses were significantly smaller in coniferous/mixed stands (-20%) than hardwoods (-36%). Mineral soils showed no significant, overall change in C storage due to harvest, and variation among mineral soils was best explained by soil taxonomy. Alfisols and Spodosols exhibited no significant changes, and Inceptisols and Ultisols lost mineral soil C (-13% and -7%, respectively). However, these C losses were neither permanent nor unavoidable. Controls on variation within orders were not consistent, but included species composition, time, and sampling depth. Temporal patterns and soil C budgets suggest that forest floor C losses probably have a lesser impact on total soil C storage on Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols than on Spodosols, which store proportionately large amounts of C in forest floors with long C recovery times (50-70 years). Mineral soil C losses on Inceptisols and Ultisols indicate that these orders are vulnerable to significant harvest-induced changes in total soil C storage, but alternative residue management and site preparation techniques, and the passage of time, may mitigate or negate these losses. Key findings of this analysis, including the dependence of forest floor and mineral soil C storage changes on species composition and soil taxonomic order, suggest that further primary research may make it possible to create predictive maps of forest harvesting effects on soil C storage. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Nave, Lucas E.] Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, Pelltson, MI 49769 USA. [Nave, Lucas E.; Curtis, Peter S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Vance, Eric D.] Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Swanston, Christopher W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Nave, LE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Biol Stn, 9133 Biol Rd, Pelltson, MI 49769 USA. EM lukenave@umich.edu FU USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station [06-JV-11242300] FX Alex Friend helped to define the scope of this meta-analysis during its conception. Rich Birdsey, Paul Bolstad, John Hom, Art Johnson, Kris Johnson, Erik Lilleskov, Yude Pan, Rich Pouyat, Fred Scatena, and Robert Scheller provided many helpful comments and ideas during the development of this manuscript. This research was supported by the USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, award number 06-JV-11242300. NR 112 TC 161 Z9 179 U1 12 U2 146 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 5 BP 857 EP 866 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.009 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 564OB UT WOS:000275223300001 ER PT J AU Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS AF Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. TI Prescribed fires as ecological surrogates for wildfires: A stream and riparian perspective SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Prescribed fire; Wildfire surrogate; Burn severity; Mixed conifer forest; Riparian; Stream; Aquatic macroinvertebrate; Tailed frog; Idaho ID FUEL REDUCTION METHODS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATIONAL FIRE; FOREST HEALTH; WESTERN USA; FOOD WEBS; DISTURBANCE; AMPHIBIANS AB Forest managers use prescribed fire to reduce wildfire risk and to provide resource benefits, yet little information is available on whether prescribed fires can function as ecological surrogates for wildfire in fire-prone landscapes. Information on impacts and benefits of this management tool on stream and riparian ecosystems is particularly lacking. We used a beyond-BACI (Before, After, Control, Impact) design to investigate the effects of a prescribed fire on a stream ecosystem and compared these findings to similar data collected after wildfire. For 3 years after prescribed fire treatment, we found no detectable changes in periphyton, macroinvertebrates, amphibians, fish, and riparian and stream habitats compared to data collected over the same time period in four unburned reference streams. Based on changes in fuels, plant and litter cover, and tree scorching, this prescribed fire was typical of those being implemented in ponderosa pine forests throughout the western U.S. However, we found that the extent and severity of riparian vegetation burned was substantially lower after prescribed fire compared to nearby wildfires. The early-season prescribed fire did not mimic the riparian or in-stream ecological effects observed following a nearby wildfire, even in catchments with burn extents similar to the prescribed fire. Little information exists on the effects of long-term fire exclusion from riparian forests, but a "prescribed fire regime" of repeatedly burning upland forests while excluding fire in adjacent riparian forests may eliminate an important natural disturbance from riparian and stream habitats. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Arkle, Robert S.; Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Arkle, Robert S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Arkle, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM rarkle@usgs.gov; dpilliod@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 NR 59 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 5 BP 893 EP 903 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.029 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 564OB UT WOS:000275223300005 ER PT J AU Ma, SY Concilio, A Oakley, B North, M Chen, JQ AF Ma, Siyan Concilio, Amy Oakley, Brian North, Malcolm Chen, Jiquan TI Spatial variability in microclimate in a mixed-conifer forest before and after thinning and burning treatments SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Structure; Canopy gap; Logging; Fire; Disturbances; Fuel treatments; Teakettle ID SOUTHEASTERN MISSOURI OZARKS; FIRE RESTORATION TREATMENTS; SIERRA-NEVADA ECOTONE; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLD-GROWTH; SOIL RESPIRATION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; VEGETATION RESPONSE; TREE REGENERATION; INITIAL RESPONSE AB In the western United States, mechanical thinning and prescribed fire are common forest management practices aimed at reducing potential wildfire severity and restoring historic forest structure, yet their effects on forest microclimate conditions are not well understood. We collected microclimate data between 1998 and 2003 in a mixed-conifer forest in California's Sierra Nevada. Air and soil temperatures, relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), wind speed, soil heat flux, and soil volumetric moisture were measured at the center of 18 four-ha plots. Each plot was assigned one of six combinations of thinning and burning treatments, and each treatment was thus given three replications. We found that spatial variability in microclimate, quantified as standard deviations among monthly values of each microclimatic variable across different locations (n <= 18), was significantly high and was influenced primarily by elevation and canopy cover. The combination of thinning and burning treatments increased air temperature from 58.1% to 123.6%. Soil temperatures increased in all thinned plots. Air moisture variables indicated that treatments made air drier, but soil moisture increased in the range 7.9-39.8%, regardless of treatment type. PAR increased in the range 50.4-254.8%, depending on treatment type. Treatments combining thinning and burning increased wind speed by 15.3-194.3%. Although soil heat flux increased dramatically in magnitude in some plots, overall treatment effects on G were not statistically significant. We discussed the significance and implications of the spatial variability of microclimate and the treatment effects to various ecological processes and to forest management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ma, Siyan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Concilio, Amy] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Oakley, Brian] Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [North, Malcolm] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Chen, Jiquan] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Ma, SY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, 137 Mulford Hall 3114, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM syma@berkeley.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 FU USDA of the Pacific Southwest Research Station [PSW-98-011-RJVA-AMD]; Graduate Schools of Michigan Technological University; University of Toledo, and McIntire-Stennis funds at Michigan Technological University FX We would like to give special thanks to two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive suggestions. The first author would like to thank Dr. Dennis Baldocchi for his kindness and support in bringing this effort to fruition. We would like to thank Rhonda Roberts and Eric Huber for providing excellent assistance throughout the summers of 1999 and 2000 in the Teakettle Experimental Forest. Dr. Daolan Zheng helped in establishing weather stations in 1998. We also thank site managers Nathan Williamson and James Innes for facilitating field research at Teakettle, providing field and data support. Thanks to Dr. Kimberley Brosofske for her helpful suggestions on an early version of this manuscript. We also appreciate Steven Mather's valuable help in remote sensing and GIS analysis. Many thanks to Jyh-min Chiang for his help with gap analysis software. The USDA of the Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW-98-011-RJVA-AMD), the Graduate Schools of Michigan Technological University and the University of Toledo, and McIntire-Stennis funds at Michigan Technological University provided financial support for the project. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, and Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA donated use of the software Gap Light Analyzer (GLA Version 2.0). NR 51 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 9 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 20 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 5 BP 904 EP 915 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.11.030 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 564OB UT WOS:000275223300006 ER PT J AU Luo, MC Ma, YQ You, FM Anderson, OD Kopecky, D Simkova, H Safar, J Dolezel, J Gill, B McGuire, PE Dvorak, J AF Luo, Ming-Cheng Ma, Yaqin You, Frank M. Anderson, Olin D. Kopecky, David Simkova, Hana Safar, Jan Dolezel, Jaroslav Gill, Bikram McGuire, Patrick E. Dvorak, Jan TI Feasibility of physical map construction from fingerprinted bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of polyploid plant species SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BREAD WHEAT; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; GENETIC-MAP; GENOME; CLONES; EVOLUTION; STRATEGY; TRITICUM; SEQUENCE; COMPLEX AB Background: The presence of closely related genomes in polyploid species makes the assembly of total genomic sequence from shotgun sequence reads produced by the current sequencing platforms exceedingly difficult, if not impossible. Genomes of polyploid species could be sequenced following the ordered-clone sequencing approach employing contigs of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and BAC-based physical maps. Although BAC contigs can currently be constructed for virtually any diploid organism with the SNaPshot high-information content finger-printing (HICF) technology, it is currently unknown if this is also true for polyploid species. It is possible that BAC clones from orthologous regions of homoeologous chromosomes would share numerous restriction fragments and be therefore included into common contigs. Because of this and other concerns, physical mapping utilizing the SNaPshot HICF of BAC libraries of polyploid species has not been pursued and the possibility of doing so has not been assessed. The sole exception has been in common wheat, an allohexaploid in which it is possible to construct single-chromosome or single-chromosome-arm BAC libraries from DNA of flow-sorted chromosomes and bypass the obstacles created by polyploidy. Results: The potential of the SNaPshot HICF technology for physical mapping of polyploid plants utilizing global BAC libraries was evaluated by assembling contigs of fingerprinted clones in an in silico merged BAC library composed of single-chromosome libraries of two wheat homoeologous chromosome arms, 3AS and 3DS, and complete chromosome 3B. Because the chromosome arm origin of each clone was known, it was possible to estimate the fidelity of contig assembly. On average 97.78% or more clones, depending on the library, were from a single chromosome arm. A large portion of the remaining clones was shown to be library contamination from other chromosomes, a feature that is unavoidable during the construction of single-chromosome BAC libraries. Conclusions: The negligibly low level of incorporation of clones from homoeologous chromosome arms into a contig during contig assembly suggested that it is feasible to construct contigs and physical maps using global BAC libraries of wheat and almost certainly also of other plant polyploid species with genome sizes comparable to that of wheat. Because of the high purity of the resulting assembled contigs, they can be directly used for genome sequencing. It is currently unknown but possible that equally good BAC contigs can be also constructed for polyploid species containing smaller, more gene-rich genomes. C1 [Luo, Ming-Cheng; Ma, Yaqin; You, Frank M.; McGuire, Patrick E.; Dvorak, Jan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Anderson, Olin D.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Genom & Gene Discovery Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Kopecky, David; Simkova, Hana; Safar, Jan; Dolezel, Jaroslav] Inst Expt Bot, Lab Mol Cytogenet & Cytometry, CZ-77200 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Gill, Bikram] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Luo, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mcluo@ucdavis.edu; jdvorak@ucdavis.edu RI Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Simkova, Hana/F-7734-2014; Safar, Jan/G-1038-2014; Dolezel, Jaroslav/B-7716-2008; Kopecky, David/F-7284-2014 OI Simkova, Hana/0000-0003-4159-7619; Dolezel, Jaroslav/0000-0002-6263-0492; FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0701916] FX Authors express their gratitude to WL Li for replicating the 3AS library. This publication is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation grant IOS-0701916. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 19 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 122 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-122 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 569UY UT WOS:000275628900001 PM 20170511 ER PT J AU Durgan, DJ Pulinilkunnil, T Villegas-Montoya, C Garvey, ME Frangogiannis, NG Michael, LH Chow, CW Dyck, JRB Young, ME AF Durgan, David J. Pulinilkunnil, Thomas Villegas-Montoya, Carolina Garvey, Merissa E. Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G. Michael, Lloyd H. Chow, Chi-Wing Dyck, Jason R. B. Young, Martin E. TI Ischemia/Reperfusion Tolerance Is Time-of-Day-Dependent Mediation by the Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock SO CIRCULATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chronobiology; ischemia/reperfusion; myocardium ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEART-DISEASE; METABOLISM; SURVIVAL AB Rationale: Cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology vary dramatically over the course of the day. For example, myocardial infarction onset occurs with greater incidence during the early morning hours in humans. However, whether myocardial infarction tolerance exhibits a time-of-day dependence is unknown. Objective: To investigate whether time of day of an ischemic insult influences clinically relevant outcomes in mice. Methods and Results: Wild-type mice were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) (45 minutes of ischemia followed by 1 day or 1 month of reperfusion) at distinct times of the day, using the closed-chest left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion model. Following 1 day of reperfusion, hearts subjected to ischemia at the sleep-to-wake transition (zeitgeber time [ZT]12) resulted in 3.5-fold increases in infarct size compared to hearts subjected to ischemia at the wake-to-sleep transition (ZT0). Following 1 month of reperfusion, prior ischemic event at ZT12 versus ZT0 resulted in significantly greater infarct volume, fibrosis, and adverse remodeling, as well as greater depression of contractile function. Genetic ablation of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock (termed cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock mutant [CCM] mice) attenuated/abolished time-of-day variations in I/R outcomes observed in wild-type hearts. Investigation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta in wild-type and CCM hearts identified these kinases as potential mechanistic ties between the cardiomyocyte circadian clock and I/R tolerance. Conclusions: We expose a profound time-of-day dependence for I/R tolerance, which is mediated by the cardiomyocyte circadian clock. Further understanding of I/R tolerance rhythms will potentially provide novel insight regarding the etiology and treatment of ischemia-induced cardiac dysfunction. (Circ Res. 2010; 106: 546-550.) C1 [Durgan, David J.; Young, Martin E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Durgan, David J.; Villegas-Montoya, Carolina; Garvey, Merissa E.; Young, Martin E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G.; Michael, Lloyd H.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Cardiovasc Sci Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Pulinilkunnil, Thomas; Dyck, Jason R. B.] Univ Alberta, Dept Pediat, Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Fac Med & Dent, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Chow, Chi-Wing] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, 703 19th St S,ZRB 308, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM meyoung@uab.edu RI Pulinilkunnil, Thomas/L-5511-2016 OI Pulinilkunnil, Thomas/0000-0003-1228-893X FU NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-074259]; US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research [6250-51000-044]; National Science Foundation GK-12 Fellowship; Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP53088] FX This work was supported by NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL-074259 (to M.E.Y.); US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research grant 6250-51000-044 (to M.E.Y.); a National Science Foundation GK-12 Fellowship (to D.J.D.); the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (to T.P.); and Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant MOP53088 (to J.R.B.D.). NR 20 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7330 J9 CIRC RES JI Circ.Res. PD FEB 19 PY 2010 VL 106 IS 3 BP 546 EP U63 DI 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.209346 PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Hematology GA 557EC UT WOS:000274651400017 PM 20007913 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Hakk, H Larsen, GL DeSutter, TM Casey, FXM AF Shelver, Weilin L. Hakk, Heldur Larsen, Gerald L. DeSutter, Thomas M. Casey, Francis X. M. TI Development of an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multi-residue sulfonamide method and its application to water, manure slurry, and soils from swine rearing facilities SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Analysis; Manure slurry; LC-MS/MS; Soil; Sulfonamides; Water ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; WASTE-WATER; ANTIBIOTIC-RESIDUES; TRIMETHOPRIM; HONEY; PHARMACEUTICALS; SULFAMETHAZINE; ANTIMICROBIALS; GROUNDWATER; ENVIRONMENT AB An analytical method was developed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem m ass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS) to simultaneously analyze 14 sulfonamides (SA) in 6 min Despite the rapidity oft he assay the system was properly re-equilibrated in this time No carryover was observed even after high analyze concentrations The instrumental detection limit based on signal-to-noise i atio (S/N) > 3, was below 1 pg/mu L (5 pg on Column) for all SAs except sulfachloropyridazine Surface water, ground water, soil. and slurry manure contained in storage ponds in and around swine [Sus scrofa domestricus] rearing facilities were analyzed Sample cleanup for ground water and surface water included using solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis (R) hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridges The soil and slurry manure required tandem strong anion exchange (SAX) and HLB solid phase extraction cartridges for sample cleanup With few exceptions, the recoveries ranged from 60 to 100% for all matrices The minimum detectable levels were below 20ng/L for water, 30ng/L Cot slurry manure, and 45 ng/kg for soil except for sulfachloropyridazine The coefficient of variation (CV) was within 20% for most of the compounds analyzed Using this method, sulfamethazine concentrations of 2250-5060 ng/L, sulfamethoxazole concentrations of 108-1 47 x 10(6) ng/L, and sulfathrazole concentrations of 785-1700 ng/L were found in the slurry manure sulfadimethoxine (2 0-32 ng/L). sulfamethazine (20-5.1 ng/L). and sulfamethoxazone (20 5-43 0 ng/L.) were found In surface water and ground water In topsoil (0-15 cm). sulfamethazine ranged 345-663 ng/kg dry weight in those locations that received slurry manure as a nutrient, no SAs were found in the soil depths between 46 and (61 cm The speed makes the method pi actical for medium to high throughput applications The sensitivity and positive analyse identification make the method suitable for the demanding requirements for real world applications Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.; Hakk, Heldur; Larsen, Gerald L.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [DeSutter, Thomas M.; Casey, Francis X. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 32 TC 36 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 19 PY 2010 VL 1217 IS 8 BP 1273 EP 1282 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.034 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 561CP UT WOS:000274953400012 PM 20047751 ER PT J AU Du, JC Grant, D Tian, ZX Nelson, RT Zhu, LC Shoemaker, RC Ma, JX AF Du, Jianchang Grant, David Tian, Zhixi Nelson, Rex T. Zhu, Liucun Shoemaker, Randy C. Ma, Jianxin TI SoyTEdb: a comprehensive database of transposable elements in the soybean genome SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID REPETITIVE ELEMENTS; GENE DUPLICATION; MAIZE GENOME; RICE; RETROTRANSPOSONS; PLANT; RECOMBINATION; REARRANGEMENT; ARABIDOPSIS; EXPANSION AB Background: Transposable elements are the most abundant components of all characterized genomes of higher eukaryotes. It has been documented that these elements not only contribute to the shaping and reshaping of their host genomes, but also play significant roles in regulating gene expression, altering gene function, and creating new genes. Thus, complete identification of transposable elements in sequenced genomes and construction of comprehensive transposable element databases are essential for accurate annotation of genes and other genomic components, for investigation of potential functional interaction between transposable elements and genes, and for study of genome evolution. The recent availability of the soybean genome sequence has provided an unprecedented opportunity for discovery, and structural and functional characterization of transposable elements in this economically important legume crop. Description: Using a combination of structure-based and homology-based approaches, a total of 32,552 retrotransposons (Class I) and 6,029 DNA transposons (Class II) with clear boundaries and insertion sites were structurally annotated and clearly categorized, and a soybean transposable element database, SoyTEdb, was established. These transposable elements have been anchored in and integrated with the soybean physical map and genetic map, and are browsable and visualizable at any scale along the 20 soybean chromosomes, along with predicted genes and other sequence annotations. BLAST search and other infrastracture tools were implemented to facilitate annotation of transposable elements or fragments from soybean and other related legume species. The majority (> 95%) of these elements (particularly a few hundred low-copy-number families) are first described in this study. Conclusion: SoyTEdb provides resources and information related to transposable elements in the soybean genome, representing the most comprehensive and the largest manually curated transposable element database for any individual plant genome completely sequenced to date. Transposable elements previously identified in legumes, the third largest family of flowering plants, are relatively scarce. Thus this database will facilitate structural, evolutionary, functional, and epigenetic analyses of transposable elements in soybean and other legume species. C1 [Grant, David; Nelson, Rex T.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Du, Jianchang; Tian, Zhixi; Zhu, Liucun; Ma, Jianxin] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rcsshoe@iastate.edu; maj@purdue.edu OI zhu, liucun/0000-0002-8334-0216; Grant, David/0000-0002-4611-6848 FU USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement; Purdue University faculty Startup funds; NSF Plant Genome Research Program [DBI-0822258] FX We thank Nathan Weeks for excellent technical support during the development of the web interface, Dr. Phillip SanMiguel for insightful comments on TE identification and database construction. This work is supported by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement to RCS and JM, Purdue University faculty Startup funds to JM, and NSF Plant Genome Research Program to RCS and JM (DBI-0822258). NR 34 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 17 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 113 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-113 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 565LG UT WOS:000275293400001 PM 20163715 ER PT J AU Lyn, ME Ying, DY AF Lyn, Margaret E. Ying, DanYang TI Drying Model for Calcium Alginate Beads SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURVIVAL; ENCAPSULATION; MICROSPHERES; MICROENCAPSULATION; GELATION; GELS AB The dehydration of calcium alginate beads is observed to have a simple power-law time dependence. The ratio of the water content, M(t), to the initial water content, M(0), can be expressed as M(t)/M(0) = (1 - t/t(c))(3/2) The parameter t(c) is insensitive to the guluronic content of the alginate or the degree of cross-linking. Using this simple model, t(c) can be estimated from the properties of water vapor, the initial water content, and the relative humidity, in addition to an empirically derived correction factor, K, which has been found to be 2.8 +/- 0.3. C1 [Lyn, Margaret E.] ARS, USDA, Applicat & Prod Technol Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lyn, Margaret E.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ying, DanYang] CSIRO Food & Nutr Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3030, Australia. RP Lyn, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat & Prod Technol Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM margaret.lyn@ars.usda.gov RI Ying, Danyang/B-6632-2011 OI Ying, Danyang/0000-0002-8614-4122 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD FEB 17 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 1986 EP 1990 DI 10.1021/ie901451m PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 553CM UT WOS:000274342500065 ER PT J AU Thines, B Harmon, FG AF Thines, Bryan Harmon, Frank G. TI Ambient temperature response establishes ELF3 as a required component of the core Arabidopsis circadian clock SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE temperature signaling; temperature entrainment; luciferase; circadian rhythms; transcription ID GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; FLOWERING TIME; RHYTHMS; PROTEIN; ENTRAINMENT; ENCODES; EXPRESSION; THALIANA; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Circadian clocks synchronize internal processes with environmental cycles to ensure optimal timing of biological events on daily and seasonal time scales. External light and temperature cues set the core molecular oscillator to local conditions. In Arabidopsis, EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) is thought to act as an evening-specific repressor of light signals to the clock, thus serving a zeitnehmer function. Circadian rhythms were examined in completely dark-grown, or etiolated, null elf3-1 seedlings, with the clock entrained by thermocycles, to evaluate whether the elf3 mutant phenotype was light-dependent. Circadian rhythms were absent from etiolated elf3-1 seedlings after exposure to temperature cycles, and this mutant failed to exhibit classic indicators of entrainment by temperature cues, consistent with global clock dysfunction or strong perturbation of temperature signaling in this background. Warm temperature pulses failed to elicit acute induction of temperature responsive genes in elf3-1. In fact, warm temperature-responsive genes remained in a constitutively "ON" state because of clock dysfunction and, therefore, were insensitive to temperature signals in the normal time of day-specific manner. These results show ELF3 is broadly required for circadian clock function regardless of light conditions, where ELF3 activity is needed by the core oscillator to allow progression from day to night during either light or temperature entrainment. Furthermore, robust circadian rhythms appear to be a prerequisite for etiolated seedlings to respond correctly to temperature signals. C1 [Harmon, Frank G.] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harmon, FG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fharmon@berkeley.edu FU US Department of Agriculture [CRIS 5335-21000-025-00D]; Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service [F32GM08353601] FX We thank Sadaf Khan, Scott Rowe, and Tim Richardson for helpful discussions. We thank Steve A. Kay (University of California, San Diego), David Somers (Ohio State University), and Elaine Tobin (University of California, Los Angeles) for generously providing transgenic lines. This work is supported by US Department of Agriculture Grant CRIS 5335-21000-025-00D (to F. G. H) and Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award F32GM08353601 (to B. T.). NR 49 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 16 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 7 BP 3257 EP 3262 DI 10.1073/pnas.0911006107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 556OC UT WOS:000274599500098 PM 20133619 ER PT J AU Abrahamovich, AH Lucia, M Alvarez, LJ Smith, DR AF Abrahamovich, Alberto H. Lucia, Mariano Alvarez, Leopoldo J. Smith, David R. TI Type specimens of sawflies (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Symphyta) housed in the Museo de La Plata, Argentina SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE sawflies; catalogue; type material; Museo de La Plata Collection ID UNITED-STATES; AMERICA SOUTH; TENTHREDINIDAE; SYNOPSIS AB The primary and secondary type specimens of 27 species of sawflies housed at the Museo de La Plata (Division Entomolog a), Argentina are listed. Information on kinds of types, collection data, and current status are provided. The types belong to species described by P. Jorgensen, C. Schrottky, and D. R. Smith. Two new synonymies are recognized: Aphilodyctium nigripenne Schrottky, 1913 syn. nov. of Waldheimia nigripennis Jorgensen 1913 and Siobla argentina Schrottky, 1913 syn. nov. of Stromboceros argentinus Jorgensen 1913. C1 [Abrahamovich, Alberto H.; Lucia, Mariano; Alvarez, Leopoldo J.] Univ Nacl La Plata, Museo La Plata, Div Entomol, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Abrahamovich, Alberto H.; Lucia, Mariano; Alvarez, Leopoldo J.] CONICET CIC, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Smith, David R.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Natl Museum Nat Hist,Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Abrahamovich, AH (reprint author), Univ Nacl La Plata, Museo La Plata, Div Entomol, Paseo Bosque S-N,B1900DNG, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM albertoa@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar; smith@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 16 PY 2010 IS 2360 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 557AR UT WOS:000274640400004 ER PT J AU Scott, RL AF Scott, Russell L. TI Using watershed water balance to evaluate the accuracy of eddy covariance evaporation measurements for three semiarid ecosystems SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Eddy covariance; Water balance; Energy balance closure ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; ANEMOMETER (CO)SINE RESPONSE; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; BOREAL ASPEN FOREST; FLUX MEASUREMENT; NET-RADIATION; HEAT-STORAGE; RAIN GAUGES; PART I; CLOSURE AB The eddy covariance technique is a widely used and accepted method to quantify ecosystem-scale mass and energy fluxes. Eddy covariance measurements of evaporation, also known as evapotranspiration, are used to determine local, regional and global water budgets, calibrate and validate land surface models, and acquire understanding of ecosystem processes. This paper assesses the accuracy of eddy covariance evaporation measurements by comparing them with those derived from small watershed water balances. Comparing thirteen years of data from shrubland, grassland and savanna sites in southern Arizona USA, the two independent measures agreed to within an average of 3% annually and differed from -10 to +17% in any given year, when an assumed 5% underestimation in precipitation due to gage undercatch was considered. The agreement between the two measures was generally better in drier years and at less topographically complex sites. Despite an indication of a systematic underestimate of evaporation by a commonly used assessment of the energy balance, forcing energy balance closure on evaporation led to worse results for nine of the thirteen annual periods but improved multiyear sums at two of the three sites. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Scott, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM russ.scott@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center in Tucson and Tombstone, AZ FX The author would like to thank technicians W. Cable and R. Bryant for help with the establishment and maintenance of the flux sites, T. Keefer and J. Smith for keeping the high fidelity hydrologic measurements at WGEW and SRER going, and J. Shuttleworth and two anonymous reviewers and associate editor for their constructive comments that improved this manuscript. He is also grateful for the support from the rest of the dedicated staff at the USDA-ARS Southwest Watershed Research Center in Tucson and Tombstone, AZ. NR 52 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 5 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 150 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.11.002 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 559ZQ UT WOS:000274871800009 ER PT J AU Parkin, TB Hatfield, JL AF Parkin, T. B. Hatfield, J. L. TI Influence of nitrapyrin on N2O losses from soil receiving fall-applied anhydrous ammonia SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Greenhouse gas; Nitrous oxide; Nitrapyrin; N-Serve ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SUBSURFACE-DRAINED MOLLISOL; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; CORN-SOYBEAN ROTATION; NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; SPRING APPLICATION; NITRATE LOSSES; MITIGATION; AGRICULTURE AB Fertilizer application in crop production agriculture has been identified as a major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Thus, management strategies that increase fertilizer N use efficiency will reduce N2O emission. Anhydrous ammonia applied to cropland in the fall is recognized as a management practice that increases the risk of N loss from the rooting zone, however, this practice is still common in the U.S. Midwest Corti Belt. The nitrification inhibitor, nitrapyrin has been shown to decrease soil N losses during the fall and spring, and maintain fertilizer N availability to the crop. Additionally, nitrification inhibitors have shown promise in reducing soil N2O emissions. However, there have been no studies evaluating the effectiveness of nitrapyrin to reduce annual N2O emissions from land receiving fall-applied anhydrous ammonia. This study was conducted over 2 years to measure N2O emissions from corn plots with fall-applied anhydrous ammonia with and without nitrapyrin. Based oil soil NO3 and NH4 analyses, we observed that nitrapyrin delayed nitrification, and in I year, reduced late fall/early spring N2O emission, However, annual N2O emissions were not significantly reduced. Significantly higher corn grain yields were observed in the nitrapyrin treatment in both years. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Parkin, T. B.; Hatfield, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tim.parkin@ars.usda.gov FU Dow Chemical FX We thank R. Hartwig and O. Smith for establishing the site, collecting data, sample analysis, and managing the field plots. This project was funded in part by a grant from Dow Chemical. NR 36 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.11.014 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563LZ UT WOS:000275135100009 ER PT J AU Garten, CT Smith, JL Tyler, DD Amonette, JE Bailey, VL Brice, DJ Castro, HF Graham, RL Gunderson, CA Izaurralde, RC Jardine, PM Jastrow, JD Kerley, MK Matamala, R Mayes, MA Metting, FB Miller, RM Moran, KK Post, WM Sands, RD Schadt, CW Phillips, JR Thomson, AM Vugteveen, T West, TO Wullschleger, SD AF Garten, C. T., Jr. Smith, J. L. Tyler, D. D. Amonette, J. E. Bailey, V. L. Brice, D. J. Castro, H. F. Graham, R. L. Gunderson, C. A. Izaurralde, R. C. Jardine, P. M. Jastrow, J. D. Kerley, M. K. Matamala, R. Mayes, M. A. Metting, F. B. Miller, R. M. Moran, K. K. Post, W. M., III Sands, R. D. Schadt, C. W. Phillips, J. R. Thomson, A. M. Vugteveen, T. West, T. O. Wullschleger, S. D. TI Intra-annual changes in biomass, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics at 4-year old switchgrass field trials in west Tennessee, USA SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon sequestration; Bioenergy crops; Switchgrass; Belowground biomass; Roots; Carbon; Nitrogen ID SOIL CARBON; ALAMO SWITCHGRASS; DIFFUSION METHOD; N-15 ANALYSIS; YIELD; DECOMPOSITION; HARVEST; SYSTEMS; SEQUESTRATION; POPULATIONS AB Switchgrass is a potential bioenergy crop that could promote soil C Sequestration in some environments. We compared four switchgrass cultivars on a well-drained Alfisol to test for differences in biomass, C, and N dynamics during the fourth growing season. There was no difference (P > 0.05) among cultivars and no significant cultivar x time interaction in analyses of dry mass, C stocks, or N stocks in aboveground biomass and surface litter. At the end of the growing season, mean (+/-SE) aboveground biomass was 2.1 +/- 0.13 kg m(-2), and surface litter dry mass was approximately 50% of aboveground biomass. Prior to harvest, the live root:shoot biomass ratio was 0.77. There was no difference (P > 0.05) among cultivars for total biomass. C, and N stocks belowground. Total belowground biomass (90 cm soil depth) as well as coarse (>= 1 mm diameter) and fine (<1 mm diameter) live root biomass increased from April to October. Dead roots were <10% of live root biomass to a depth of 90 cm. Net product ion of total belowground biomass (505 +/- 132 g m(-2)) Occurred in the last half of the growing season. The increase in total live belowground biomass (426 +/- 139 g m(-2)) Was more or less evenly divided among rhizomes, coarse, and fine roots. The N budget for annual switchgrass production was closely balanced with 6.3 g N m(-2) removed by harvest of aboveground biomass and 6.7 g N m(-2) supplied by fertilization. At the location of our study in west Tennessee, intra-annual changes in biomass, C, and N stocks belowground were potentially important to crop management for soil C sequestration. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garten, C. T., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Smith, J. L.] ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Tyler, D. D.] Univ Tennessee, W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Amonette, J. E.; Bailey, V. L.; Metting, F. B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.; Sands, R. D.; Thomson, A. M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Izaurralde, R. C.; Sands, R. D.; Thomson, A. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jastrow, J. D.; Matamala, R.; Miller, R. M.; Moran, K. K.; Vugteveen, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Garten, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,Mail Stop 6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gartenctjr@ornl.gov RI Thomson, Allison/B-1254-2010; Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Brice, Deanne/B-9048-2012; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; West, Tristram/C-5699-2013; Phillips, Jana/G-4755-2016; OI Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; West, Tristram/0000-0001-7859-0125; Phillips, Jana/0000-0001-9319-2336; Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research funding to the Consortium for Research on Enhancing Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems (CSiTE) under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. We wish to thank Blake Brown at the Research and Education Center at Milan, Tennessee, and Janet Gibson, Ernest Merriweather, and Bobby Henderson at the University of Tennessee's West Tennessee Research and Education Center for their helpful support of laboratory and field activities. NR 37 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2009.12.019 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 563LZ UT WOS:000275135100020 ER PT J AU Foltz, RB Wagenbrenner, NS AF Foltz, R. B. Wagenbrenner, N. S. TI An evaluation of three wood shred blends for post-fire erosion control using indoor simulated rain events on small plots SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Burned soil; Wood shreds; Erosion control; Forest fire; Rainfall simulation ID FLY-ASH; COVER; FORESTS; RUNOFF; SOILS AB The assessment teams who make post-fire stabilization and treatment decisions are under pressure to employ more effective and economic post-fire treatments, as wild fire activity and severity has increased in recent years across the western United States. Use of forest-native wood-based materials for hillslope mulching has been on the rise due to potential environmental, erosion control efficacy, and economic incentives. One concern regarding use of woody materials prepared on or near burned sites is the wide range in the size distribution of the shredded materials. We tested three blends of shredded woody materials, each blend containing different amounts of fine (less than 2.5 cm in length) woody particles. The blends (AS IS with 24% fines, MIX with 18% fines, and REDUCED with 2% fines) were applied at 50 and 70% ground cover to 5-m(2) plots containing burned soil placed at 40% slope and evaluated through simulated rain events which consisted of a rain only, a rain plus low flow, and a rain plus high flow period. The REDUCED blend was the optimum for both runoff and sediment concentration reduction under conditions of rainfall and rainfall plus concentrated flow. There was no difference between application rates of 50 and 70% for either of the rainfall plus concentrated flows tested. Our recommendation was that 50% ground cover of the REDUCED blend was adequate for both rainfall and sediment reduction compared to a bare soil. The other two blends were effective in reducing runoff but not sediment concentration compared to a bare soil. The wood shred manufacturing and blending process resulted in two statistically different relationships between application rate and ground cover: relationships were controlled by the amount of fines. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Foltz, R. B.; Wagenbrenner, N. S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Foltz, RB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. EM rfoltz@fs.fed.us; nwagenbrenner@fs.fed.us FU USDI; USDA Forest Service [07-1-1-01] FX This research was funded by the USDI and USDA Forest Service Joint Fire Sciences Program Project Number 07-1-1-01. The authors thank Ben Kopyscianski of the Rocky Mountain Research Station for his efforts in the construction of the simulation plots and setup and operation of the simulation devices. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 80 IS 2 BP 86 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2009.09.003 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 592JA UT WOS:000277373600002 ER PT J AU Moravec, BG Keller, CK Smith, JL Allen-King, RM Goodwin, AJ Fairley, JP Larson, PB AF Moravec, Bryan G. Keller, C. Kent Smith, Jeffrey L. Allen-King, Richelle M. Goodwin, Angela J. Fairley, Jerry P. Larson, Peter B. TI Oxygen-18 dynamics in precipitation and streamflow in a semi-arid agricultural watershed, Eastern Washington, USA SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE isotope hydrology; tile drain; environmental tracers; streamflow generation; watershed hydrology ID LOWLAND RAIN-FOREST; INTERBASIN GROUNDWATER TRANSFER; STABLE-ISOTOPES; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; COSTA-RICA; RUNOFF GENERATION; TILE DRAINAGE; PALOUSE BASIN; DRY SOILS; SILT LOAM AB Understanding flow pathways and mechanisms that generate streamflow is important to understanding agrochemical contamination in surface waters in agricultural watersheds. Two environmental tracers, delta(18)O and electrical conductivity (EC), were monitored in tile drainage (draining 12 ha) and stream water (draining nested catchments of 6-5700 ha) from 2000 to 2008 in the semi-arid agricultural Missouri Flat Creek (MFC) watershed, near Pullman Washington, USA. Tile drainage and streamflow generated in the watershed were found to have baseline delta(18)O value of -14.7% (VSMOW) year round. Winter precipitation accounted for 67% of total annual precipitation and was found to dominate streamflow, tile drainage, and groundwater recharge. 'Old' and 'new' water partitioning in streamflow were not identifiable using delta(18)O, but seasonal shifts of nitrate-corrected EC suggest that deep soil pathways primarily generated summer streamflow (mean EC 250 mu S/cm) while shallow soil pathways dominated streamflow generation during winter (EC declining as low as 100 mu S/cm). Using summer isotopic and EC excursions from tile drainage in larger catchment (4700-5700 ha) stream waters, summer in-stream evaporation fractions were estimated to be from 20% to 40%, with the greatest evaporation occurring from August to October. Seasonal watershed and environmental tracer dynamics in the MFC watershed appeared to be similar to those at larger watershed scales in the Palouse River basin. A 0.9% enrichment, in shallow groundwater drained to streams (tile drainage and soil seepage), of delta(18)O values from 2000 to 2008 may be evidence of altered precipitation conditions due to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the Inland Northwest. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Moravec, Bryan G.; Keller, C. Kent; Goodwin, Angela J.; Larson, Peter B.] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Moravec, Bryan G.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ USA. [Smith, Jeffrey L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Allen-King, Richelle M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Geol, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Goodwin, Angela J.] Hart Crowser, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Fairley, Jerry P.] Univ Idaho, Dept Geol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moravec, BG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, POB 642812, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM bmoravec@email.arizona.edu RI Keller, C/B-3205-2012; OI Fairley, Jerry/0000-0002-6486-3003 FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Department of the Interior, USGS, through the State of Washington Water Research Center [99HQGR220, 02HQGR0134, 1434-HQ96-GR02696]; W. Crosby Award FX The activities on which this publication is based were supported in part by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service and by the Department of the Interior, USGS, through the State of Washington Water Research Center, Grant Agreement no. 99HQGR220, 02HQGR0134, and 1434-HQ96-GR02696 to C. K. Keller and R. Allen-King. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the US government. Additional funding was provided through the James W. Crosby Award Memorial Scholarship and the SEES at WSU. We wish to thank Thomas Van Biersel, Amy Simmons, Lauren Bissey, Jesse Waknitz, Luke Lemond, Jessica Auman, Keri Lewis, Caroline Butcher, Kosuke Suzuki, Rian Skov, Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad, and Tony Zammit for their laboratory and field work. Debbie Bifasky, Charles Knaack, and Akinori Takeuchi helped with chemical and isotopic analyses. We thank David Evans for comments on the manuscript. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 446 EP 460 DI 10.1002/hyp.7515 PG 15 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 549KR UT WOS:000274048400005 ER PT J AU Keener, VW Feyereisen, GW Lall, U Jones, JW Bosch, DD Lowrance, R AF Keener, V. W. Feyereisen, G. W. Lall, U. Jones, J. W. Bosch, D. D. Lowrance, R. TI El-Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences on monthly NO3 load and concentration, stream flow and precipitation in the Little River Watershed, Tifton, Georgia (GA) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE ENSO; El Nino; Wavelets; Nutrients; Hydrology; Southeast US ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; WAVELET ANALYSIS; COASTAL-PLAIN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; RAINFALL; FLORIDA; DISCHARGE; DROUGHT; YIELDS AB As climate variability increases, it is becoming increasingly critical to find predictable patterns that can still be identified despite overall uncertainty. The El-Nino/Southern Oscillation is the best known pattern. Its global effects on weather, hydrology, ecology and human health have been well documented. Climate variability manifested through ENSO has strong effects in the southeast United States, seen in precipitation and stream flow data. However, climate variability may also affect water quality in nutrient concentrations and loads, and have impacts on ecosystems, health, and food availability in the southeast. In this research, we establish a teleconnection between ENSO and the Little River Watershed (LRW), GA., as seen in a shared 3-7 year mode of variability for precipitation, stream flow, and nutrient load time series. Univariate wavelet analysis of the NINO 3.4 index of sea surface temperature (SST) and of precipitation, stream flow, NO3 concentration and load time series from the watershed was used to identify common signals. Shared 3-7 year modes of variability were seen in all variables, most strongly in precipitation, stream flow and nutrient load in strong El Nino years. The significance of shared 3-7 year periodicity over red noise with 95% confidence in SST and precipitation, stream flow, and NO3 load time series was confirmed through cross-wavelet and wavelet-coherence transforms, in which common high power and covariance were computed for each set of data. The strongest 3-7 year shared power was seen in SST and stream flow data, while the strongest co-variance was seen in SST and NO3 load data. The strongest cross-correlation was seen as a positive value between the NINO 3.4 and NO3 load with a three-month lag. The teleconnection seen in the LRW between the NINO 3.4 index and precipitation, stream flow, and NO3 load can be utilized in a model to predict monthly nutrient loads based on short-term climate variability, facilitating management in high risk seasons. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Keener, V. W.; Jones, J. W.] Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Feyereisen, G. W.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Mgt Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lall, U.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Bosch, D. D.; Lowrance, R.] USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. RP Keener, VW (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM vicko@ufl.edu; Gary.Feyereisen@ars.usda.gov; ula2@columbia.edu; jimj@ufl.edu; David.Bosch@ars.usda.gov; Richard.Lowrance@ars.usda.gov RI Lall, Upmanu/B-7992-2009 OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA - Climate Program Office (NOAA-CPO) [NJ17RJ1226]; US Department of Agriculture - Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services (USDA-CSREES) [200938890-19911]; Southeast Climate Consortium (SECC) FX The research was supported in part through grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA - Climate Program Office (NOAA-CPO) Grant Number NJ17RJ1226, the US Department of Agriculture - Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services (USDA-CSREES) Grant Number 200938890-19911, and developed under the auspices of the Southeast Climate Consortium (SECC). NR 51 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 381 IS 3-4 BP 352 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.008 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 560UC UT WOS:000274927700016 ER PT J AU Segundo, FDS Moraes, MP de los Santos, T Dias, CCA Grubman, MJ AF Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San Moraes, Mauro P. de los Santos, Teresa Dias, Camila C. A. Grubman, Marvin J. TI Interferon-Induced Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection Correlates with Enhanced Tissue-Specific Innate Immune Cell Infiltration and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE-5; IFN-GAMMA PRODUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; IN-VITRO; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERON; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; LYMPHOID-TISSUES AB Previously, we demonstrated that type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) or a combination of IFN-alpha/beta and type II IFN (IFN-gamma) delivered by a replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vector protected swine when challenged 1 day later with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of protection induced by IFNs, we inoculated groups of six swine with Ad5-vectors containing these genes, challenged 1 day later and euthanized 2 animals from each group prior to (1 day postinoculation [dpi]) and at 1 (2 dpi) and 6 days postchallenge (7 dpi). Blood, skin, and lymphoid tissues were examined for IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) induction and infiltration by innate immune cells. All IFN-inoculated animals had delayed and decreased clinical signs and viremia compared to the controls, and one animal in the IFN-alpha treated group did not develop disease. At 1 and 2 dpi the groups inoculated with the IFNs had increased numbers of dendritic cells and natural killer cells in the skin and lymph nodes, respectively, as well as increased levels of several ISGs compared to the controls. In particular, all tissues examined from IFN-treated groups had significant upregulation of the chemokine 10-kDa IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, and preferential upregulation of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, Mx1, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. There was also upregulation of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 3 alpha in the skin. These data suggest that there is a complex interplay between IFN-induced immunomodulatory and antiviral activities in protection of swine against FMDV. C1 [Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San; Moraes, Mauro P.; de los Santos, Teresa; Dias, Camila C. A.; Grubman, Marvin J.] ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Segundo, Fayna Diaz-San; Dias, Camila C. A.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, PIADC Res Participat Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Grubman, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, NAA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM marvin.grubman@ars.usda.gov FU Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education; CRIS [1940-32000-053-00D]; Department of Homeland Security [60-1940-7-047] FX This research was supported in part by the Plum Island Animal Disease Research Participation Program administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U. S. Department of Energy and the U. S. Department of Agriculture (appointment of Fayna Diaz-San Segundo and Camila C. A. Dias), by CRIS project number 1940-32000-053-00D, ARS, USDA (M. J. Grubman and T. de los Santos) and by reimbursable agreement 60-1940-7-047 with the Department of Homeland Security (M. J. Grubman).; We thank Noemi Sevilla, CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain, for helpful discussions and suggestions. We also thank Harry Dawson, USDA, ARS, Nutrient Requirements and Function Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, for creating the PIN library with the recommendations of RT- PCR conditions for measuring swine gene expression. Finally, we thank the animal care staff at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center for their professional support and assistance. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 84 IS 4 BP 2063 EP 2077 DI 10.1128/JVI.01874-09 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 546ZB UT WOS:000273853200039 ER PT J AU White, PM Potter, TL Culbreath, AK AF White, Paul M. Potter, Thomas L. Culbreath, Albert K. TI Fungicide dissipation and impact on metolachlor aerobic soil degradation and soil microbial dynamics SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Metolachlor; Tebuconazole; Cyproconazole; Flutriafol; Chlorothalonil; Soil microorganisms; PLEA ID 5 TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FATTY-ACIDS; CHLOROTHALONIL; GLUTATHIONE; PESTICIDES; CYPROCONAZOLE; MICROFLORA; METABOLISM; MANAGEMENT AB Pesticides are typically applied as mixtures and or sequentially to soil and plants during crop production. A common scenario is herbicide application at planting followed by sequential fungicide applications post-emergence. Fungicides depending on their spectrum of activity may alter and impact soil microbial communities. Thus there is a potential to impact soil processes responsible for herbicide degradation. This may change herbicide efficacy and environmental fate characteristics. Our study objective was to determine the effects of 4 peanut fungicides, chlorothalonil (2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile), tebuconazole (alpha-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-alpha-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), flutriafol (alpha-(2-fluorophenyl)-alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol), and cyproconazole(alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-alpha-(1-cyclopropylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol) on the dissipation kinetics of the herbicide, metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(6-ethyl-o-tolyl)-N-[(1RS)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]acetamide), and on the soil microbial community. This was done through laboratory incubation of field treated soil. Chlorothalonil significantly reduced metolachlor soil dissipation as compared to the non-treated control or soil treated with the other fungicides. Metolachlor DT(50) was 99 days for chlorothalonil-treated soil and 56,45,53, and 46 days for control, tebuconazole,flutriafol,and cyproconazole-treated soils, respectively. Significant reductions in predominant metolachlor metabolites. metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (MOA), produced by oxidation of glutathione-metolachlor conjugates were also observed in chlorothalonil-treated soil. This suggested that the fungicide impacted soil glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. Fungicide DT(50) was 27-80 days but impacts on the soil microbial community as indicated by lipid biomarker analysis were minimal. Overall study results indicated that chlorothalonil has the potential to substantially increase soil persistence (2-fold) of metolachlor and alter fate and transport processes. GST mediated metabolism is common pesticide detoxification process in soil; thus there are implications for the fate of many active ingredients. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [White, Paul M.; Potter, Thomas L.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Culbreath, Albert K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP White, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Unit, 5883 USDA Rd, Houma, LA 70360 USA. EM paul.white@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1402 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 561AT UT WOS:000274948000018 PM 20015538 ER PT J AU Holt, PS Vaughn, LE Gast, RK AF Holt, Peter S. Vaughn, Lara E. Gast, Richard K. TI Flow cytometric characterization of Peyer's patch and cecal tonsil T lymphocytes in laying hens following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Avian immunology; Mucosal immunity; Peyer's patch; Flow cytometry; Salmonella ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CD4/CD8 RATIO; SUBPOPULATION CHANGES; EIMERIA-TENELLA; BROILER CHICKS; INFECTION; ACTIVATION; PROTECTION; LEUKOCYTES; INTESTINE AB Two trials were conducted to determine T cell changes in Peyer's patches (PP) and cecal tonsils (CT) of specific-pathogen-free Single-Comb White Leghorn hens challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE). Each week, crop lavage samples were obtained from 4 or 3 hens in Trials 1 and 2, respectively. These birds were then sacrificed and their intestinal tracts excised. The crop sample and contents of one cecum from each hen were cultured for the presence of SE. Cells were purified from proximal and distal PP along with both CT and then aliquots of cells were incubated with antibodies to CD4, CD8, and the three T cell receptors (TCR). The T subsets were identified via flow cytometric analysis. Crop and cecal samples were 100% culture positive for SE at week I post challenge and a percentage of samples remained positive throughout the study. Some differences in TCR subsets between or within tissues were observed at various times relative to SE challenge but over-all the subsets remained similar during the study. The predominant TCR was TCR2 (v beta 1) followed by TCR3 (v beta 2). Low numbers of TCR1 (gamma delta) cells were observed. CD4/CD8 ratios increased in the PP and CT tissues by week I post challenge and the ratio elevation persisted throughout the experiment. These results indicate that T cell populations are comparable between PP and CT and enteric SE infection can affect the cellular dynamics of these lymphoid tissues. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Holt, Peter S.; Vaughn, Lara E.; Gast, Richard K.] USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM pete.holt@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 6612-32000-031-00D] FX The authors would like to thank Ms. Joyce Jacks and Mr. Jordan Shaw for their excellent technical assistance during the studies. The expert assistance and guidance provided by Ms. Julie Nelson at the University of Georgia CTEGD Flow Cytometry Facility during the study set up and data analysis is also greatly appreciated. This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS 6612-32000-031-00D. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 2-4 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.001 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 547QP UT WOS:000273904500024 PM 19732961 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818) tetraspanin membrane protein family: Identification, characterization and expression analysis of CD63 cDNA SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD63; Tetraspanin protein; Lysosome associated membrane protein 3; LAMP-3; Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID ENDOCYTIC MULTIVESICULAR BODIES; CLASS-II MOLECULES; DENDRITIC CELLS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; COMPLEX; CLONING; GENE; GRANULES; COMPARTMENTS; TRAFFICKING AB CD63, known as lysosome associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP-3), is a member of the tetraspanin integral membrane protein family. This protein plays many important roles in immuno-physiological functions. In this communication, we report the identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the channel catfish CD63 transcript. The complete nucleic acid sequence of channel catfish CD63 cDNA was comprised of 1159 nucleotides, including an open reading frame, which appears to encode a putative peptide of 237-amino-acid residues. Like other tetraspanin proteins, the channel catfish CD63 peptide can be divided into domains, including four transmembrane domains, three intracellular domains, and one of each small and large extracellular loops. The channel catfish CD63 peptide shares 52-55% identity among fish counterparts, but only 43-46% identity among mammalian counterparts. The characteristic Cys-Cys-Gly motif and four Cys residues in the large extracellular loop were conserved. The channel catfish CD63 transcript was detected by RT-PCR in spleen, anterior kidney, liver, intestine, skin and gill. This result provides important information for further elucidating CD63 functions in channel catfish. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [6420-32000-020-00D] FX This study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 15 PY 2010 VL 133 IS 2-4 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.08.006 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 547QP UT WOS:000273904500029 PM 19726089 ER PT J AU Fedoroff, NV Battisti, DS Beachy, RN Cooper, PJM Fischhoff, DA Hodges, CN Knauf, VC Lobell, D Mazur, BJ Molden, D Reynolds, MP Ronald, PC Rosegrant, MW Sanchez, PA Vonshak, A Zhu, JK AF Fedoroff, N. V. Battisti, D. S. Beachy, R. N. Cooper, P. J. M. Fischhoff, D. A. Hodges, C. N. Knauf, V. C. Lobell, D. Mazur, B. J. Molden, D. Reynolds, M. P. Ronald, P. C. Rosegrant, M. W. Sanchez, P. A. Vonshak, A. Zhu, J. -K. TI Radically Rethinking Agriculture for the 21st Century SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB Population growth, arable land and fresh water limits, and climate change have profound implications for the ability of agriculture to meet this century's demands for food, feed, fiber, and fuel while reducing the environmental impact of their production. Success depends on the acceptance and use of contemporary molecular techniques, as well as the increasing development of farming systems that use saline water and integrate nutrient flows. C1 [Fedoroff, N. V.] US Dept State, Off Sci & Technol, USAID, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Battisti, D. S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Beachy, R. N.] Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Cooper, P. J. M.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Nairobi, Kenya. [Fischhoff, D. A.] Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. [Hodges, C. N.] Seawater Fdn, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. [Knauf, V. C.] Arcadia Biosci, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Lobell, D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lobell, D.] Stanford Univ, Program Food Secur & Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Mazur, B. J.] DuPont Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. [Molden, D.] Int Water Management Inst, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [Reynolds, M. P.] Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Texcoco 56130, Edo De Mexico, Mexico. [Ronald, P. C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rosegrant, M. W.] Int Food Policy Res Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. [Sanchez, P. A.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Vonshak, A.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Zhu, J. -K.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Zhu, J. -K.] King Abdullah Univ Sci & Technol, Ctr Plant Stress Genom & Technol, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. RP Fedoroff, NV (reprint author), US Dept State, Off Sci & Technol, USAID, Washington, DC 20520 USA. EM fedoroff@state.gov RI Battisti, David /A-3340-2013; Zhu, Jian-Kang/F-7658-2011; OI Battisti, David /0000-0003-4871-1293; Zhu, Jian-Kang/0000-0001-5134-731X; Reynolds, Matthew Paul/0000-0002-4291-4316 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM070795-09, R01 GM059138-15, R01 GM059138, R01 GM070795] NR 18 TC 168 Z9 177 U1 17 U2 169 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 12 PY 2010 VL 327 IS 5967 BP 833 EP 834 DI 10.1126/science.1186834 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554AQ UT WOS:000274408300051 PM 20150494 ER PT J AU Vogel, JP Garvin, DF Mockler, TC Schmutz, J Rokhsar, D Bevan, MW Barry, K Lucas, S Harmon-Smith, M Lail, K Tice, H Grimwood, J McKenzie, N Huo, NX Gu, YQ Lazo, GR Anderson, OD You, FM Luo, MC Dvorak, J Wright, J Febrer, M Idziak, D Hasterok, R Lindquist, E Wang, M Fox, SE Priest, HD Filichkin, SA Givan, SA Bryant, DW Chang, JH Wu, HY Wu, W Hsia, AP Schnable, PS Kalyanaraman, A Barbazuk, B Michael, TP Hazen, SP Bragg, JN Laudencia-Chingcuanco, D Weng, YQ Haberer, G Spannagl, M Mayer, K Rattei, T Mitros, T Lee, SJ Rose, JKC Mueller, LA York, TL Wicker, T Buchmann, JP Tanskanen, J Schulman, AH Gundlach, H de Oliveira, AC Maia, LD Belknap, W Jiang, N Lai, JS Zhu, LC Ma, JX Sun, C Pritham, E Salse, J Murat, F Abrouk, M Bruggmann, R Messing, J Fahlgren, N Sullivan, CM Carrington, JC Chapman, EJ May, GD Zhai, JX Ganssmann, M Gurazada, SGR German, M Meyers, BC Green, PJ Tyler, L Wu, JJ Thomson, J Chen, S Scheller, HV Harholt, J Ulvskov, P Kimbrel, JA Bartley, LE Cao, PJ Jung, KH Sharma, MK Vega-Sanchez, M Ronald, P Dardick, CD De Bodt, S Verelst, W Inze, D Heese, M Schnittger, A Yang, XH Kalluri, UC Tuskan, GA Hua, ZH Vierstra, RD Cui, Y Ouyang, SH Sun, QX Liu, ZY Yilmaz, A Grotewold, E Sibout, R Hematy, K Mouille, G Hofte, H Pelloux, J O'Connor, D Schnable, J Rowe, S Harmon, F Cass, CL Sedbrook, JC Byrne, ME Walsh, S Higgins, J Li, PH Brutnell, T Unver, T Budak, H Belcram, H Charles, M Chalhoub, B Baxter, I AF Vogel, John P. Garvin, David F. Mockler, Todd C. Schmutz, Jeremy Rokhsar, Dan Bevan, Michael W. Barry, Kerrie Lucas, Susan Harmon-Smoth, Miranda Lail, Kathleen Tice, Hope Grimwood, Jane McKenzie, Neil Huo, Naxin Gu, Yong Q Lazo, Gerard R. Anderson, Olin D. You, Frank M. Luo, Ming-Cheng Dvorak, Jan Wright, Jan Febrer, Melanie Idziak, Dominika Hasterok, Robert Lindquist, Erika Wang, Mei Fox, Samuel E. Priest, Henry D. Filichkin, Sergei A. Givan, Scott A. Bryant, Douglas W. Chang, Jeff H. Wu, Haiyan Wu, Wei Hsia, An-Ping Schnable, Patrick S. Kalyanaraman, Anantharaman Baarbazuk, Brad Michael, Todd P. Hazen, Samuel P. Bragg, Jennifer N. Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie Weng, Yiqun Haberer, Georg Spannagl, Mianuel Mayer, Klaus Rattei, Thomas Mitros, Therese Lee, Sang-Jik Rose, Jocelyn K. C. Mueller, Lukas A. York, Thomas L. Wicker, Thomas Buchmann, Jan P. Tanskanen, Jaakko Schulman, Alan H. Gundlach, Heidrun de Oliveira, Antonio Costa Maia, Luciano da C. Belknap, William Jiang, Ning Lai, Jinsheng Zhu, Liucun Ma, Jianxin Sun, Cheng Pritham, Ellen Salse, Jerome Murat, Florent Abrouk, Michael Bruggmann, Remy Messing, Joachim Fahlgren, Noah Sullivan, Christopher M. Carrington, James C. Chapman, Elisabeth J. May, Greg D. Zhai, Jixian Ganssmann, Matthias Gurazada, Sai Guna Ranjan German, Marcelo Meyers, Blake C. Green, Pamela J. Tyler, Ludmila Wu, Jiajie Thomson, James Chen, Shan Scheller, Henrik V. Harholt, Jesper Ulvskov, Peter Kimbrel, Jeffrey A. Bartley, Laura E. Cao, Peijian Jung, Ki-Hong Sharma, Manoj K. Vega-Sanchez, Miguel Ronald, Pamela Dardick, Christopher D. De Bodt, Stefanie Verelst, Wim Inze, Dirk Heese, Maren Schnittger, Arp Yang, Xiaohan Kalluri, Udaya C. Tuskan, Gerald A. Hua, Zhihua Vierstra, Richard D. Cui, Yu Ouyang, Shuhong Sun, Qixin Liu, Zhiyong Yilmaz, Alper Grotewold, Erich Sibout, Richard Hematy, Kian Mouille, Gregory Hoefte, Herman Pelloux, Jerome O'Connor, Devin Schbnable, James Rowe, Scott Harmon, Frank Cass, Cynthia L. Sedbrook, John C. Byrne, Mary E. Walsh, Sean Higgins, Janet Li, Pinghua Brutnell, Thomas Unver, Turgay Budak, Hikmet Belcram, Harry Charles, Mathieu Chalhoub, Boulos Baxter, Ivan CA Int Brachypodium Initiative TI Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; INTRASPECIES DIVERSITY; RICE; EVOLUTION; WHEAT; MAP; ARABIDOPSIS; DIVERGENCE; TRITICEAE; RETROTRANSPOSONS AB Three subfamilies of grasses, the Ehrhartoideae, Panicoideae and Pooideae, provide the bulk of human nutrition and are poised to become major sources of renewable energy. Here we describe the genome sequence of the wild grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium), which is, to our knowledge, the first member of the Pooideae subfamily to be sequenced. Comparison of the Brachypodium, rice and sorghum genomes shows a precise history of genome evolution across a broad diversity of the grasses, and establishes a template for analysis of the large genomes of economically important pooid grasses such as wheat. The high-quality genome sequence, coupled with ease of cultivation and transformation, small size and rapid life cycle, will help Brachypodium reach its potential as an important model system for developing new energy and food crops. C1 [Vogel, John P.; Huo, Naxin; Gu, Yong Q; Lazo, Gerard R.; Anderson, Olin D.; Bragg, Jennifer N.; Laudencia-Chingcuanco, Debbie; Belknap, William; Tyler, Ludmila; Wu, Jiajie; Thomson, James] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Garvin, David F.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Garvin, David F.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mockler, Todd C.; Fox, Samuel E.; Priest, Henry D.; Filichkin, Sergei A.; Givan, Scott A.; Bryant, Douglas W.; Chang, Jeff H.; Fahlgren, Noah; Sullivan, Christopher M.; Carrington, James C.; Chapman, Elisabeth J.; Kimbrel, Jeffrey A.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy; Grimwood, Jane] HudsonAlpha Inst, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Rokhsar, Dan; Barry, Kerrie; Lucas, Susan; Harmon-Smoth, Miranda; Lail, Kathleen; Tice, Hope; Febrer, Melanie; Lindquist, Erika; Wang, Mei] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Rokhsar, Dan; Mitros, Therese; Tyler, Ludmila] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bevan, Michael W.; McKenzie, Neil; Wright, Jan; Byrne, Mary E.; Walsh, Sean; Higgins, Janet] John Innes Ctr, Norwich NR4 7UJ, Norfolk, England. [You, Frank M.; Luo, Ming-Cheng; Dvorak, Jan; Wu, Jiajie; Bartley, Laura E.; Cao, Peijian; Jung, Ki-Hong; Sharma, Manoj K.; Vega-Sanchez, Miguel; Ronald, Pamela] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Idziak, Dominika; Hasterok, Robert] Univ Silesia, Katowice, Poland. [Wu, Haiyan; Wu, Wei; Hsia, An-Ping; Schnable, Patrick S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kalyanaraman, Anantharaman] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Baarbazuk, Brad] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Michael, Todd P.; Bruggmann, Remy; Messing, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Hazen, Samuel P.; Chen, Shan] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Weng, Yiqun] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Haberer, Georg; Spannagl, Mianuel; Mayer, Klaus; Gundlach, Heidrun] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Rattei, Thomas] Tech Univ Munich, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Lee, Sang-Jik; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mueller, Lukas A.; York, Thomas L.; Li, Pinghua; Brutnell, Thomas] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wicker, Thomas; Buchmann, Jan P.] Univ Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland. [Tanskanen, Jaakko; Schulman, Alan H.] MTT Agrifood Res, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Tanskanen, Jaakko; Schulman, Alan H.] Univ Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [de Oliveira, Antonio Costa; Maia, Luciano da C.] Univ Fed Pelotas, BR-96001970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. [Jiang, Ning] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wu, Haiyan; Schnable, Patrick S.; Lai, Jinsheng; Cui, Yu; Ouyang, Shuhong; Sun, Qixin; Liu, Zhiyong] China Agr Univ, Beijing 10094, Peoples R China. [Zhu, Liucun; Ma, Jianxin] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Sun, Cheng; Pritham, Ellen] Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Salse, Jerome; Murat, Florent; Abrouk, Michael] INRA, UMR 1095, F-63100 Clermont Ferrand, France. [Chapman, Elisabeth J.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [May, Greg D.] Natl Ctr Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Zhai, Jixian; Ganssmann, Matthias; Gurazada, Sai Guna Ranjan; German, Marcelo; Meyers, Blake C.; Green, Pamela J.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Scheller, Henrik V.; Bartley, Laura E.; Cao, Peijian; Jung, Ki-Hong; Sharma, Manoj K.; Vega-Sanchez, Miguel; Ronald, Pamela] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94720 USA. [Harholt, Jesper; Ulvskov, Peter] Univ Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. [Dardick, Christopher D.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [De Bodt, Stefanie; Verelst, Wim; Inze, Dirk] VIB, VIB Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [De Bodt, Stefanie; Verelst, Wim; Inze, Dirk] Univ Ghent, Dept Plant Biotechnol & Genet, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Heese, Maren; Schnittger, Arp] CNRS, Inst Biol Mol Plantes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. [Yang, Xiaohan; Kalluri, Udaya C.; Tuskan, Gerald A.] BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yang, Xiaohan; Kalluri, Udaya C.; Tuskan, Gerald A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hua, Zhihua; Vierstra, Richard D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Yilmaz, Alper; Grotewold, Erich] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sibout, Richard; Hematy, Kian; Mouille, Gregory; Hoefte, Herman] INRA, Inst Jean Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, F-78026 Versailles, France. [Pelloux, Jerome] Univ Picardie, F-80039 Amiens, France. [O'Connor, Devin; Schbnable, James; Rowe, Scott; Harmon, Frank] Univ Calif Berkeley, Plant Gene Express Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Cass, Cynthia L.; Sedbrook, John C.] Illinois State Univ, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Cass, Cynthia L.; Sedbrook, John C.] DOE, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Normal, IL 61790 USA. [Unver, Turgay; Budak, Hikmet] Sabanci Univ, T-34956 Istanbul, Turkey. [Belcram, Harry; Charles, Mathieu; Chalhoub, Boulos] INRA CNRS UEVE, Unite Rech Genomique Vegetale, F-91057 Evry, France. [Baxter, Ivan] USDA ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Vogel, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Budak, Hikmet/F-4708-2010; Lazo, Gerard/A-8900-2009; Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008; KALLURI, UDAYA/A-6218-2011; Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Unver, Turgay/B-4819-2009; Higgins, Janet/A-5002-2011; Mueller, Lukas/E-8840-2011; Harholt, Jesper/F-3760-2011; Yang, Xiaohan/A-6975-2011; Hua, Zhihua/B-8835-2012; Luo, Ming-Cheng/C-5600-2011; Jiang, Ning/G-6546-2012; Vega-Sanchez, Miguel/K-3072-2012; Schulman, Alan/A-9322-2011; Schmutz, Jeremy/N-3173-2013; Abrouk, Michael/F-8516-2014; Ulvskov, Peter/I-1228-2014; Harholt, Jesper/F-6865-2014; Brutnell, Thomas/M-2840-2013; Yilmaz, Alper/C-7075-2014; Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009; Mockler, Todd/L-2609-2013; Rattei, Thomas/F-1366-2011; Carrington, James/A-4656-2012; Meyers, Blake/B-6535-2012; Maia, Luciano/G-4005-2016; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; Schnittger, Arp/F-8989-2010; Oliveira, Antonio/F-7508-2012; Fahlgren, Noah/D-4404-2011; OI Budak, Hikmet/0000-0002-2556-2478; Lazo, Gerard/0000-0002-9160-2052; Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560; Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Unver, Turgay/0000-0001-6760-443X; Yang, Xiaohan/0000-0001-5207-4210; Vega-Sanchez, Miguel/0000-0003-0128-2743; Schulman, Alan/0000-0002-4126-6177; Schmutz, Jeremy/0000-0001-8062-9172; Abrouk, Michael/0000-0001-9082-1432; Ulvskov, Peter/0000-0003-3776-818X; Harholt, Jesper/0000-0002-7984-0066; Brutnell, Thomas/0000-0002-3581-8211; Yilmaz, Alper/0000-0002-8827-4887; Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722; Mockler, Todd/0000-0002-0462-5775; Rattei, Thomas/0000-0002-0592-7791; Carrington, James/0000-0003-3572-129X; Meyers, Blake/0000-0003-3436-6097; Maia, Luciano/0000-0002-4371-261X; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Schnittger, Arp/0000-0001-7067-0091; Oliveira, Antonio/0000-0001-8835-8071; Fahlgren, Noah/0000-0002-5597-4537; Michael, Todd/0000-0001-6272-2875; Schnable, James/0000-0001-6739-5527; York, Thomas/0000-0002-6829-5816; zhu, liucun/0000-0002-8334-0216; Bartley, Laura/0000-0001-8610-7551; Inze, Dirk/0000-0002-3217-8407; Buchmann, Jan Piotr/0000-0002-6842-1229; KALLURI, UDAYA/0000-0002-5963-8370; Givan, Scott/0000-0002-0630-8589; Vogel, John/0000-0003-1786-2689 FU US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute; BBSRC; EU; GABI Barlex; Oregon State Agricultural Research Foundation FX We acknowledge the contributions of the late M. Gale, who identified the importance of conserved gene order in grass genomes. This work was mainly supported by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Community Sequencing Program project with J.P.V., D. F. G., T. C. M. and M. W. B., a BBSRC grant to M. W. B., an EU Contract Agronomics grant to M. W. B. and K. F. X. M., and GABI Barlex grant to K. F. X. M. Illumina transcriptome sequencing was supported by a DOE Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy grant and an Oregon State Agricultural Research Foundation grant to T. C. M.; small RNA research was supported by the DOE Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy grants to P.J.G. and T. C. M.; annotation was supported by a DOE Plant Feedstocks for Genomics Bioenergy grant to J.P.V. A full list of support and acknowledgements is in the Supplementary Information. NR 46 TC 707 Z9 729 U1 26 U2 237 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 11 PY 2010 VL 463 IS 7282 BP 763 EP 768 DI 10.1038/nature08747 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 553VG UT WOS:000274394300030 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JFS Luthria, DL AF Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Luthria, Devanand L. TI Drying Affects Artemisinin, Dihydroartemisinic Acid, Artemisinic Acid, and the Antioxidant Capacity of Artemisia annua L. Leaves SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Postharvest metabolism; bioconversion; drying procedures; antioxidant capacity; Artemisia annua; artemisinin ID IN-VIVO TRANSFORMATIONS; PLANTS; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIVES; PRECURSORS; FLAVONOIDS; TRICHOMES; WHOLE AB There is limited information on how postharvest drying of Artemisia annua affects artemisinin (ART) biosynthesis and A. annua antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants may boost the bioactivity of ART and the crop commercial value. We evaluated the effect of freeze, oven, shade, and sun drying, time of drying, and light intensity on the leaf concentration of ART, dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA), artemisinic acid (AA), and on the leaf antioxidant capacity. Freeze-dried samples had the lowest ART concentrations as compared to the other drying methods. However, the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed that freeze- and oven-dried samples had similarly high antioxidant activities, which declined significantly after plants were shade- and sun-dried. Shade drying for 1, 2, and 3 weeks, under ambient or low light, did not change the ART content but significantly decreased the leaf antioxidant activity, mainly if sun-dried. A significant decrease (82% average) in DHAA was observed for all drying procedures as compared to freeze drying, with a simultaneous, significant increase in ART (33% average). The average bioconversion of DHAA to ART was 43% for oven-and shade-dried plants and 94% for sun-dried plants, reiterating the hypothesis that DHAA, not AA, is the main biosynthetic precursor of ART and suggesting that sun drying improves the bioconversion from DHAA to ART. Data also indicate that oven drying for 24 h at 45 degrees C can provide good levels of both ART and antioxidants in leaves. These findings are valuable for the commercial production of ART and of bioactive antioxidants that might synergize with the antimalarial and anticancer effects of ART when combined in traditional preparations to improve human and animal health. C1 [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Luthria, Devanand L.] Agr Res Serv, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Jorge.Ferreira@ars.usda.gov OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1691 EP 1698 DI 10.1021/jf903222j PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552DX UT WOS:000274269000044 PM 20050663 ER PT J AU Lyn, ME Burnett, D Garcia, AR Gray, R AF Lyn, Margaret E. Burnett, Dan Garcia, Armando R. Gray, Ron TI Interaction of Water with Three Granular Biopesticide Formulations SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Water sorption isotherms; dynamic vapor sorption (DVS); moisture sorption kinetics; biological control; biopesticide formulations; biopesticide development ID COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; MYCOHERBICIDE DELIVERY; AMORPHOUS TREHALOSE; SORPTION ISOTHERMS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; INVERT EMULSION; SURVIVAL; PESTA; ADSORPTION AB Two obstacles for biopesticide commercialization, long shelf life and reliable efficacy, are both affected by moisture availability. Three biopesticide delivery systems, TRE-G, PEC-G, and PESTA, were analyzed by dynamic vapor sorption analysis. The objective was to investigate the moisture sorption profile of each system in air at 25 degrees C and a relative humidity (RH) ranging from 0 to 90%. The formulations sorbed up to 12.7% moisture. In rehydrating from 0.00 to 90% RH, TRE-G and PEC-G were >= 63% and >= 58% faster than Pesta, respectively. In losing moisture from 90 to 0.00% RH, Pesta was 3.4 and 2.3 times slower than TRE-G and PEC-G, respectively. The GAB model was inadequate for describing moisture sorption, but the Young and Nelson model showed good correlation (r> 0.990) for all three formulations. Moisture distribution for all formulations was obtained. The implications of the findings as they relate to shelf life and dew period requirements of biopesticides are discussed. C1 [Lyn, Margaret E.] ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lyn, Margaret E.] ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Burnett, Dan; Garcia, Armando R.; Gray, Ron] Surface Measurement Syst Ltd, Allentown, PA 18103 USA. RP Lyn, ME (reprint author), ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM Margaret.Lyn@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1804 EP 1814 DI 10.1021/jf903309s PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552DX UT WOS:000274269000060 PM 20058883 ER PT J AU Khrimian, A Lance, DR Mastro, VC Elkinton, JS AF Khrimian, Ashot Lance, David R. Mastro, Victor C. Elkinton, Joseph S. TI Improved Synthesis of (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-Nonadecatetraene, Attraction Inhibitor of Bruce Spanworm, Operophtera bruceata, to Pheromone Traps for Monitoring Winter Moth, Operophtera brumata SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Winter moth; Operophtera brumata; Bruce spanworm; Operophtera bruceata; pheromone; Inhibitor; synthesis; (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene ID SEX ATTRACTANT; ALCOHOLS; GEOMETRIDAE; OXIDATION; LEPIDOPTERA; POPULATIONS; COMPONENTS; MILD AB The winter moth, Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is an early-season defoliator that attacks a wide variety of hardwoods and, in some cases, conifers. The insect is native to Europe but has become established in at least three areas of North America including southeastern New England. The female-produced sex attractant pheromone of the winter moth was identified as (3Z,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene (1), which also attracts a native congener, the Bruce spanworm, Operophtera bruceata. Dissection, or (for certainty) DNA molecular testing, is required to differentiate between males of the two species. Thus, a trapping method that is selective for winter moth would be desirable. A geometric isomer of the pheromone, (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene (2), can reportedly inhibit attraction of Bruce spanworm to traps without affecting winter moth catch, but use of the pheromone and inhibitor together has not been optimized, nor has the synthesis of the inhibitor. This paper presents two new syntheses of the inhibitor (3E,6Z,9Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene based on the intermediate (3Z6Z)-3,6-hexadecadien-l-ol (4), which has also been utilized in the synthesis of the pheromone. The syntheses combine traditional acetylenic chemistry and Wittig olefination reactions. In one approach, 2 was synthesized in 80% purity (20% being pheromone 1), and in the second, tetraene 2 of 96% purity (and free of 1) was produced in 25% overall yield from dienol 4. The last method benefitted from a refined TEMPO-mediated Phl(OAC)(2) oxidation of 4 and a two-carbon homologation of the corresponding aldehyde 7. C1 [Khrimian, Ashot] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lance, David R.; Mastro, Victor C.] USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST Otis Lab, Otis Angb, MA 02542 USA. [Elkinton, Joseph S.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Khrimian, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,Room 301,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ashot.ashot.khrimian@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1828 EP 1833 DI 10.1021/jf903468c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552DX UT WOS:000274269000063 PM 20041659 ER PT J AU Du, XF Finn, C Qian, MC AF Du, Xiaofen Finn, Chad Qian, Michael C. TI Distribution of Volatile Composition in 'Marion' (Rubus Species Hyb) Blackberry Pedigree SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Blackberry volatile; stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE); microvial insert thermal desorption; Marion pedigree ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACT DILUTION ANALYSIS; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; RASPBERRY CULTIVARS; AROMA COMPOUNDS; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; VIRGINIANA; HYBRIDS AB The distribution of volatile constituents in ancestral genotypes of 'Marion' blackberry's pedigree was investigated over two growing seasons. Each genotype in the pedigree had a specific volatile composition. Red raspberry was dominated by norisoprenoids, lactones, and acids. 'Logan' and 'Olallie' also had a norisoprenoid dominance but at much lower concentrations. The concentration of norisoprenoids in other blackberry genotypes was significantly lower. Terpenes and furanones were predominant in wild 'Himalaya' blackberry, whereas terpenes were the major volatiles in 'Santiam'. 'Marion', a selection from 'Chehalem' and 'Olallie', contained almost all of the volatile compounds in its pedigree at moderate amount. The chiral isomeric ratios of 11 pairs of compounds were also studied. Strong chiral isomeric preference was observed for most of the chiral compounds, and each cultivar had its unique chiral isomeric distribution. An inherent pattern was observed for some volatile compounds in the 'Marion' pedigree. Raspberry and 'Logan' had a very high concentration of P-ionone, but was reduced by half in 'Olallie' and by another half in 'Marion' as the crossing proceeded. A high content of linalool in 'Olallie' and a low content in 'Chehalem' resulted in a moderate content of linalool in their progeny 'Marion'. However, the concentration of furaneol in 'Marion' was higher than in its parents. A high content of (S)-linalool in 'Olallie' and a racemic content of (S)-,(R)-linalool in 'Chehalem' resulted in a preference for the (S)-form in 'Marion'. C1 [Du, Xiaofen; Qian, Michael C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Finn, Chad] ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Qian, MC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM michael.qian@oregonstate.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1860 EP 1869 DI 10.1021/jf903407c PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552DX UT WOS:000274269000068 PM 20055446 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GEJ Ariss, JJ Hughes, TJ AF Vandemark, George J. Ariss, Jennifer J. Hughes, Teresa J. TI Real-time PCR Suggests that Aphanomyces euteiches is Associated with Reduced Amounts of Phytophthora medicaginis in Alfalfa that is Co-inoculated with Both Pathogens SO JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa; Phytophthora root rot; Aphanomyces root rot; real-time PCR ID F SP MEDICAGINIS; ROOT-ROT; RESISTANT ALFALFA; MELOIDOGYNE-HAPLA; PEA ROOTS; INFECTION; MEGASPERMA; TRUNCATULA; CULTIVARS; REGISTRATION AB Aphanomyces euteiches and Phytophthora medicaginis are two pathogens of seedling and mature alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) that are frequently found in the same field sites. In order to investigate possible interactions of these two pathogens, two greenhouse experiments were conducted on seedling alfalfa from check populations representing the phenotypic classes of dual susceptibility and dual resistance to both pathogens. Seedlings were challenged with multiple inoculum concentrations of A. euteiches and P. medicaginis. Separate real-time PCR assays specific for A. euteiches and P. medicaginis were used to quantify the amount of each pathogen in root tissue. For both pathogens, significantly more pathogen DNA was detected in the susceptible check population Saranac than in the resistant check population WAPH-1 in all treatment combinations. In general, co-inoculation with both A. euteiches and P. medicaginis resulted in significantly reduced amounts of P. medicaginis DNA detected when compared with amounts detected from inoculations with P. medicaginis alone. This relationship was observed for the analysis of bulked plant samples and also for individual plants. Co-infestation by both pathogens did not reduce the quantity of A. euteiches detected. Possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of accumulation of P. medicaginis by A. euteiches are discussed. C1 [Vandemark, George J.] USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Ariss, Jennifer J.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Hughes, Teresa J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Vandemark, GEJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM gvandemark@wsu.edu NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-1785 J9 J PHYTOPATHOL JI J. Phytopathol. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 158 IS 2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2009.01583.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 540EI UT WOS:000273313400008 ER PT J AU Jenerette, GD Scott, RL Huete, AR AF Jenerette, G. Darrel Scott, Russell L. Huete, Alfredo R. TI Functional differences between summer and winter season rain assessed with MODIS-derived phenology in a semi-arid region SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bimodal; Modis; Phenology; Precipitation; Spatial variation ID VEGETATION INDEX; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; ARID ECOSYSTEMS; PLANT PHENOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; RESPONSES; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; NDVI AB Questions: We asked several linked questions about phenology and precipitation relationships at local, landscape, and regional spatial scales within individual seasons, between seasons, and between year temporal scales. (1) How do winter and summer phenological patterns vary in response to total seasonal rainfall? (2) How are phenological rates affected by the previous season rainfall? (3) How does phenological variability differ at landscape and regional spatial scales and at season and inter-annual temporal scales? Location: Southern Arizona, USA. Methods: We compared satellite-derived phenological variation between 38 distinct 625-km(2) landscapes distributed in the northern Sonoran Desert region from 2000 to 2007. Regression analyses were used to identify relationships between landscape phenology dynamics in response to precipitation variability across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Results: While both summer and winter seasons show increases of peak greenness and peak growth with more precipitation, the timing of peak growth was advanced with more precipitation in winter, while the timing of peak greenness was advanced with more precipitation in summer. Surprisingly, summer maximum growth was negatively affected by winter precipitation. The spatial variations between summer and winter phenology were similar in magnitude and response. Larger-scale spatial and temporal variation showed strong differences in precipitation patterns; however the magnitudes of phenological spatial variability in these two seasons were similar. Conclusions: Vegetation patterns were clearly coupled to precipitation variability, with distinct responses at alternative spatial and temporal scales. Disaggregating vegetation into phenological variation, spanning value, timing, and integrated components revealed substantial complexity in precipitation-phenological relationships. C1 [Jenerette, G. Darrel] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Huete, Alfredo R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Jenerette, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM darrel.jenerette@ucr.edu; russ.scott@ars.usda.gov; ahuete@email.arizona.edu RI Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 FU NSF; University of Arizona; University of California, Riverside FX We appreciate the extensive help provided by Travis Huxman. Alex Buyantuyev and Kerry Wood provided valuable feedback on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by an NSF Biological Informatics postdoctoral fellowship to GDJ awarded in 2004. The University of Arizona and University of California, Riverside, provided additional financial and material support. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 16 EP 30 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01118.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 544OS UT WOS:000273668300003 ER PT J AU Smith, CE Tucker, KL Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Lee, YC Ordovas, JM AF Smith, Caren E. Tucker, Katherine L. Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Lee, Yu-Chi Ordovas, Jose M. TI Apolipoprotein A5 and Lipoprotein Lipase Interact to Modulate Anthropometric Measures in Hispanics of Caribbean Origin SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; GENE POLYMORPHISMS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; QUEBEC FAMILY; ETHNIC-GROUPS; APOA5 LOCUS; IN-VITRO AB Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) proteins interact functionally to regulate lipid metabolism, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each gene have also been associated independently with obesity risk. Evaluating gene combinations may be more effective than single SNP analyses in identifying genetic risk, but insufficient minor allele frequency (MAF) often limits evaluations of potential epistatic relationships. Populations with multiple ancestral admixtures may provide unique opportunities for evaluating genetic interactions. We examined relationships between LPL m107 (rs1800590) and APOA5 S19W (rs3135506) and lipid and anthropometric measures in Caribbean origin Hispanics (n = 1,019, aged 45-75 years) living in the Boston metropolitan area. Significant interaction terms between LPL m107 and APOA5 S19W were observed for BMI (P = 0.003) and waist circumference (P = 0.019). Higher BMI (P = 0.001), waist (P = 0.011) and hip (P = 0.026) circumference were observed in minor allele (G) carriers for LPL m107 who also carried the APOA5 S19W minor allele (G). Additionally, extreme obesity (BMI >= 40 kg/m(2)) risk was higher (odds ratio = 4.02; 95% confidence interval: 1.81-8.91; global P = 0.008) for minor allele carriers for both SNPs (LPL TG+GG, APOA5 CG+GG) compared to major allele carriers for both SNPs. In summary, we identified significant interactions for APOA5 S19W and LPL m107 for obesity in Caribbean Hispanics. Population-specific MAFs increase the difficulties of replicating gene-gene interactions, but may support the hypothesis that combinations of frequencies in selected genes could heighten obesity susceptibility in a given population. Analyses of gene-gene interactions may improve understanding of genetically based obesity risk, and underscore the need for further study of groups with multiple ancestral admixtures. C1 [Smith, Caren E.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Lee, Yu-Chi; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jose.ordovas@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Institute on aging [5P01aG023394]; NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [HL54776]; NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK075030]; US Department of agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; [T32 DK007651-19] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute on aging, grant number 5P01aG023394 and NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, grant number HL54776, and NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, grant number DK075030, and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of agriculture Research Service. C. E. S. is supported by grant number T32 DK007651-19. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 18 IS 2 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.216 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 551KX UT WOS:000274208600018 PM 19629056 ER PT J AU Olvera, N Bush, JA Sharma, SV Knox, BB Scherer, RL Butte, NF AF Olvera, Norma Bush, Jill A. Sharma, Shreela V. Knox, B. Brook Scherer, Rhonda L. Butte, Nancy F. TI BOUNCE: A Community-based Mother-daughter Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for Low-income Latino Families SO OBESITY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; FITNESS; VALIDATION; CHILDREN AB The primary purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a family-based exploratory community study titled BOUNCE (Behavior Opportunities Uniting Nutrition, Counseling, and Exercise) to increase physical fitness and activity in low-income Latino mothers and daughters. The BOUNCE study consisted of a 12-week exercise (e.g., Latin dance), nutrition education, and counseling intervention. The design included a two-arm parallel group assignment to an experimental group (EG; included 26 mother-daughter dyads) and comparison group (CG; included 20 mother-daughter dyads). Pre- and postintervention 20-Meter Endurance Shuttle Run Test and accelerometry were used to measure children's aerobic capacity and physical activity, respectively. For the mothers, the Rockport Walk test and Non-Exercise Physical Activity Rating test were employed to assess aerobic fitness and physical activity. Anthropometric, demographic, and dietary assessments were also collected pre- and postintervention. Differences in outcome measures between groups were tested using repeated measures analysis of covariance. The BOUNCE intervention had a significant effect on EG Latino daughters' aerobic capacity (P = 0.044). Although not statistically significant, EG daughters reported a higher reduction of high fat food and sweetened beverages and an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption compared to CG daughters. Similarly, EG mothers reported more strategies to increase fruit/vegetable consumption and reduce fat intake compared to CG mothers. No changes in physical activity or BMI were observed between EG and CG mother-daughter dyads. C1 [Olvera, Norma; Bush, Jill A.; Knox, B. Brook; Scherer, Rhonda L.] Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Sharma, Shreela V.] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Advancement Healthy Livi, Houston, TX USA. [Butte, Nancy F.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Olvera, N (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Hlth & Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM nolvera@uh.edu FU University of Houston FX We are thankful to the mothers and girls for their participation and insightful feedback regarding the BOUNCE intervention. Additionally, we acknowledge the assistance of the school administrators and physical education teachers at the selected elementary schools in the recruitment of families and allowing the BOUNCE after school intervention to be held at their facility. Finally, we acknowledge the BOUNCE research team led by Bianca Lopez and Gabriela Maldonado for their dedication and enthusiasm. This research was funded by the University of Houston Grants to Enhance and Advance Research. NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 18 SU 1 BP S102 EP S104 DI 10.1038/oby.2009.439 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 551KU UT WOS:000274208100017 PM 20107454 ER PT J AU Perez-Llaneza, A Caballero, M Baravalle, E Mesplet, M Mosqueda, J Suarez, CE Echaide, I Katzer, F Pacheco, GM Florin-Christensen, M Schnittger, L AF Perez-Llaneza, Agustina Caballero, Marina Baravalle, Eugenia Mesplet, Maria Mosqueda, Juan Suarez, Carlos E. Echaide, Ignacio Katzer, Frank Pacheco, Gabriela M. Florin-Christensen, Monica Schnittger, Leonhard TI Development of a tandem repeat-based multilocus typing system distinguishing Babesia bovis geographic isolates SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Bovine babesiosis; Multilocus typing system; Microsatellite marker; Minisatellite marker ID MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGENS; THEILERIA-PARVA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION STRUCTURES; GENOTYPIC DIVERSITY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; DNA MEASUREMENTS; LIFE-CYCLE; MALARIA AB Mini- and microsatellite sequences have proven to be excellent tools for the differentiation of strains and populations in several protozoan parasites due to their high variability. In the present work we have searched the genome of the tick-transmitted bovine hemoprotozoon Babesia bovis for tandem repeats (TRs) that could be useful for a multilocus typing system. Hundred and nineteen sequences were shortlisted and tested in five common B. bovis reference isolates originating from distinct geographic locations of North and South America: Texas, USA (T2Bo), Mexico (RAD and Mo7), and Santa Fe and Salta, Argentina (R1A and S2P, respectively). Satellite sequences were PCR-amplified using specific primers, separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, visualized by silver staining and sized. Fourteen TR sequences could be reliably amplified in all isolates and displayed length polymorphism. All primers used were specific for B. bovis and did not amplify genomic DNA from the bovine host or from Babesia bigemina, the principal co-infecting bovine parasite in the Americas, allowing their future use in field surveys. The 14 satellite markers identified are distributed throughout the four chromosomes of B. bovis as follows: chromosome 1 (n = 3), chromosome 2 (n = 2), chromosome 3 (n = 5), and chromosome 4 (n = 4). Within the five B. bovis isolates we identified nine satellite marker loci with two alleles, three with three alleles, one with four and another with five alleles. In comparison to Theileria parva, a bovine hemoprotozoan that pertains to the same piroplasmida order and owns a genome of similar size, the number of polymorphic TRs and the average number of alleles per TR locus seem to be significantly reduced in the B. bovis genome. Furthermore, the ratio of micro- to minisatellites in both B. bovis and T. parva is considerably lower than in other eukaryotes, as confirmed by bioinformatic analysis. The multilocus genotype of the five B. bovis isolates was assessed and the genetic distance between each other determined followed by cluster analysis based on neighbor joining. The resulting phenogram showed that R. bovis isolates segregated into three clusters according to their geographic origin. The presented marker system is suitable to explore various parameters of B. bovis populations such as genetic diversity, infection dynamics and their structure under different epidemiological situations, which are of crucial importance for improved control strategies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Perez-Llaneza, Agustina; Caballero, Marina; Mesplet, Maria; Florin-Christensen, Monica; Schnittger, Leonhard] INTA Castelar, Inst Pathobiol, CICVyA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Baravalle, Eugenia; Echaide, Ignacio] INTA, EEA Rafaela, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Mosqueda, Juan] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Pacheco, Gabriela M.] INTA Castelar, Inst Genet, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Florin-Christensen, Monica; Schnittger, Leonhard] Natl Res Council Argentina CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Schnittger, L (reprint author), INTA Castelar, Inst Pathobiol, CICVyA, RA-1686 Los Reseros, Hurlingham, Argentina. EM lschnittger@cnia.inta.gov.ar OI Katzer, Frank/0000-0001-5902-4136 FU EC [INCO-CT-2005 003691] FX This work was supported by the EC (INCO-CT-2005 003691, MEDLABAB). NR 55 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 167 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.021 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 560YU UT WOS:000274942600012 PM 19833439 ER PT J AU Suarez, CE McElwain, TF AF Suarez, Carlos E. McElwain, Terry F. TI Transfection systems for Babesia bovis: A review of methods for the transient and stable expression of exogenous genes SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Apicomplexan; Babesia bovis; Merozoites; Elongation factor-1 alpha; Stable transfection; Electroporation; gfp-bsd; Green fluorescent protein; Blasticidin; Blasticidin-deaminase ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MALARIA PARASITES; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; TRANSGENE EXPRESSION; INTERGENIC REGIONS; SELECTABLE MARKER; BLOOD STAGES; TRANSFORMATION; SPOROZOITES; RESISTANCE AB With the recently sequenced Babesia bovis genome, a large pool of genes with unknown function was identified. The ability to complement and knock-out both unknown and previously identified genes would be a valuable tool to better understand gene function in B. bovis parasites. This review describes recent advances in the development of transient and stable transfection systems for B. bovis. Transient transfection constructs were initially generated using the promoter and the 3' region of the rap-1 genes of B. bovis controlling expression of luciferase as a reporter. Successful expression of luciferase in B. bovis parasites using this plasmid introduced by classic electroporation of B. bovis infected erythrocytes was followed by the identification and characterization of stronger promoters, such as the ef-1 alpha promoter, using transient transfection techniques. Further refinement of the transient transfection technique included development of the ability to transfect free merozoites using nucleofection, an alternative method to electroporation that results in higher transfection yields and improved viability of transfected parasites. Availability of the transient transfection system was critical for the further development of a stable transfection technique using a plasmid designed to target integration of a gfp-bsd gene into the B. bovis ef-1 alpha locus. Several parasite lines resistant to the anti-babesial drug blasticidin (bsd) and constitutively expressing the gfp-bsd gene were generated after transfection. Integration of the gfp-bsd cassette into the genome was demonstrated by Southern blot and sequence analysis. Taken together these experiments demonstrated the feasibility to introduce, integrate and express exogenous genes in B. bovis. The stable transfection protocol was reproducible and used to transfect at least two distinct B. bovis strains. Further development of these transfection systems will facilitate functional analysis of B. bovis genes and will improve our understanding of the biology of and immunological response to this parasite. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Suarez, Carlos E.; McElwain, Terry F.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Pathol & Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Suarez, CE (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ces@vetmed.wsu.edu FU USDA-ARS [5348-32000-028-00D]; USAID [PCE-G-0098-00043-00]; USDA [SCA58-5348-7-528] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the participation of the following individuals that contributed in many ways towards the development of B. bovis transfection techniques: Paul Lacy, Jacob Laughery, David Herndon, Lupita Leyva, Edith Orozco, Christine Davitt, Massaro Uetti, Don Knowles, Guy Palmer, Monica Florin-Christensen, Isidro Hotzel, Wendy Brown,Junzo Norii-nine, CarlJohnson, Will Goff, Brendan Crabb, Tanya LeRoith, and Stephen White. This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project no. 5348-32000-028-00D, USAID grant PCE-G-0098-00043-00, and USDA (SCA58-5348-7-528) agreement 5348-32000-028-055. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 167 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.022 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 560YU UT WOS:000274942600013 PM 19819628 ER PT J AU Dominguez, M Echaide, I de Echaide, ST Mosqueda, J Cetra, B Suarez, CE Florin-Christensen, M AF Dominguez, M. Echaide, I. Torioni de Echaide, S. Mosqueda, J. Cetra, B. Suarez, C. E. Florin-Christensen, M. TI In silico predicted conserved B-cell epitopes in the merozoite surface antigen-2 family of B. bovis are neutralization sensitive SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Bovine babesiosis; MSA-2; Peptides; Subunit vaccines; B-cell epitopes ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM VACCINE; BABESIA-BOVIS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN-2 PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIBODIES; MULTISTAGE; CANDIDATE; REGION; CATTLE; GENE AB The merozoite surface antigens MSA-2 of Babesia bovis constitute a family of polymorphic GPI-anchored glycoproteins located at the parasite cell surface, that contain neutralization-sensitive B-cell epitopes. These are therefore putative vaccine candidates for bovine babesiosis. It was previously shown that (i) the MSA-2 antigens of the biologically cloned Mo7 strain are encoded by four tandemly organized genes: msa-2a(1), a(2), b and c, and (ii) at least one allele of each of these genes is present in the Argentine R1A strain with a moderate degree of polymorphism. The present work was aimed at defining neutralization-sensitive B-cell epitopes in the MSA-2 family, that are conserved among different B. bovis geographical isolates. To this end, msa-2a, b and c alleles from different isolates from Argentina, USA and Mexico were amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. Bioinformatic analysis by ClustalW alignments and B-cell epitope prediction algorithms performed on these sequences allowed the identification of several regions containing putative conserved B-cell epitopes. Four peptides representing these regions: (KDYKTMVKFCN from msa-2a(1); YYKKHIS, from msa-2b; and THDALKAVKQLIKT and ELLKLLIEA from msa-2c) were chemically synthesized, conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and used to inoculate mice to obtain immune sera. Anti-peptide antibodies recognized B. bovis merozoite extracts in all cases in ELISA tests. In addition, these sera reacted with the surface of merozoites of an Argentine and a Mexican B. bovis strains in immunofluorescence assays, and sera against two of the selected peptides inhibited invasion of erythrocytes by in vitro cultured merozoites. Taken together, the results show that the peptide sequences selected by bioinformatic analysis represent expressed and geographically conserved B. bovis B-cell epitopes that might be strong candidates for development of subunit vaccines. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dominguez, M.; Florin-Christensen, M.] INTA, Inst Pathobiol, Ctr Agr Res & Vet, Castelar, Argentina. [Mosqueda, J.] Univ Autonoma Queretaro, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Suarez, C. E.] USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [Florin-Christensen, M.] Natl Res Council CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Florin-Christensen, M (reprint author), INTA Castelar, Inst Pathobiol, CICVyA, RA-1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM mflorin@cnia.inta.gov.ar FU CONICET; ANPCyT [PICTR 2002-00054, PIC170 08-12920]; Mexico-Argentina scientific exchange [ME/ PA03-BVIII/030]; European Commission [INCO-CT-2005-0003691] FX This work was supported by CONICET: INTA; ANPCyT (PICTR 2002-00054 and PIC170 08-12920), Argentina; ME/ PA03-BVIII/030 (Mexico-Argentina scientific exchange) and the European Commission (INCO-CT-2005-0003691, MEDLABAB). NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 167 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 216 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.023 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 560YU UT WOS:000274942600014 PM 19850413 ER PT J AU Lew-Tabor, AE Moolhuijzen, PM Vance, ME Kurscheid, S Valle, MR Jarrett, S Minchin, CM Jackson, LA Jonsson, NN Bellgard, MI Guerrero, FD AF Lew-Tabor, Ala E. Moolhuijzen, Paula M. Vance, Megan E. Kurscheid, Sebastian Valle, Manuel Rodriguez Jarrett, Sandra Minchin, Catherine M. Jackson, Louise A. Jonsson, Nick N. Bellgard, Matthew I. Guerrero, Felix D. TI Suppressive subtractive hybridization analysis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larval and adult transcript expression during attachment and feeding SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cattle-arthropoda; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Larvae; RNA; Gene expression; Subtractive hybridization ID AMBLYOMMA-CAJENNENSE ACARI; SALIVARY-GLANDS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; CATTLE-TICK; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; RNA INTERFERENCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SOFT TICK; IXODIDAE; FEMALE AB Ticks, as blood-feeding ectoparasites, affect their hosts both directly and as vectors of viral, bacterial and protozoal diseases. The tick's mode of feeding means it must maintain intimate contact with the host in the face of host defensive responses for a prolonged time. The parasite-host interactions are characterized by the host response and parasite counter-response which result in a highly complex biological system that is barely understood. We conducted transcriptomic analyses utilizing suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify transcripts associated with host attachment and feeding of larval, adult female and adult male ticks. Five SSH libraries resulted in 511 clones (assembled into 36 contigs and 90 singletons) from differentially expressed transcripts isolated from unattached frustrated larvae (95), feeding larvae (159), unattached frustrated adult female ticks (68), feeding adult female ticks (95) and male adult ticks (94 clones). Unattached 'frustrated' ticks were held in fabric bags affixed to cattle for up to 24 h to identify genes up-regulated prior to host penetration. Sequence analysis was based on BLAST, Panther, KOG and domain (CDD) analyses to assign functional groups for proteins including: cuticle proteins, enzymes (ATPases), ligand binding (histamine binding), molecular chaperone (prefoldin), nucleic acid binding (ribosomal proteins), putative salivary proteins, serine proteases, stress response (heat shock, glycine rich) and transporters. An additional 63% of all contigs and singletons were novel R. microplus transcripts or predicted proteins of unknown function. Expression was confirmed using quantitative real time PCR analysis of selected transcripts. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the R. microplus transcriptome from multiple stages of ticks and assists to elucidate the molecular events during tick attachment and development. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lew-Tabor, Ala E.; Vance, Megan E.; Valle, Manuel Rodriguez; Jarrett, Sandra; Minchin, Catherine M.; Jackson, Louise A.] Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Moorooka, Qld 4105, Australia. [Lew-Tabor, Ala E.; Moolhuijzen, Paula M.; Kurscheid, Sebastian; Bellgard, Matthew I.] Murdoch Univ, Ctr Comparat Genom, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. [Jonsson, Nick N.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Guerrero, Felix D.] ARS, USDA, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Lew-Tabor, AE (reprint author), Dept Primary Ind & Fisheries, Locked Mail Bag 4, Moorooka, Qld 4105, Australia. EM ala.lew@dpi.qld.gov.au RI Vance, Megan/B-4880-2010; Rodriguez-Valle, Manuel/A-5272-2010; Lew-Tabor, Ala/A-5286-2010 OI Jackson, Louise/0000-0002-8677-2989; Kurscheid, Sebastian/0000-0002-4887-7480; Jonsson, Nicholas/0000-0003-3245-9783; Vance, Megan/0000-0001-5824-1008; Rodriguez-Valle, Manuel/0000-0003-2304-8085; Lew-Tabor, Ala/0000-0001-7147-1078 FU Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies FX The authors acknowledge the Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies for funding this research. The authors wish to acknowledge Franny and Ms Bronwyn Venus for assistance with tick collection, and Dr Wayne Jorgensen for tick collection advice. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 10 PY 2010 VL 167 IS 2-4 SI SI BP 304 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.033 PG 17 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 560YU UT WOS:000274942600024 PM 19836138 ER PT J AU Dardick, CD Callahan, AM Chiozzotto, R Schaffer, RJ Piagnani, MC Scorza, R AF Dardick, Christopher D. Callahan, Ann M. Chiozzotto, Remo Schaffer, Robert J. Piagnani, M. Claudia Scorza, Ralph TI Stone formation in peach fruit exhibits spatial coordination of the lignin and flavonoid pathways and similarity to Arabidopsis dehiscence SO BMC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; MONILINIA-FRUCTICOLA; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; MICROARRAY DATA; PRUNUS-PERSICA; CELL-WALL; GENES; ACCUMULATION; ENDOCARP; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Background: Lignification of the fruit endocarp layer occurs in many angiosperms and plays a critical role in seed protection and dispersal. This process has been extensively studied with relationship to pod shatter or dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Dehiscence is controlled by a set of transcription factors that define the fruit tissue layers and whether or not they lignify. In contrast, relatively little is known about similar processes in other plants such as stone fruits which contain an extremely hard lignified endocarp or stone surrounding a single seed. Results: Here we show that lignin deposition in peach initiates near the blossom end within the endocarp layer and proceeds in a distinct spatial-temporal pattern. Microarray studies using a developmental series from young fruits identified a sharp and transient induction of phenylpropanoid, lignin and flavonoid pathway genes concurrent with lignification and subsequent stone hardening. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies revealed that specific phenylpropanoid (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase) and lignin (caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, peroxidase and laccase) pathway genes were induced in the endocarp layer over a 10 day time period, while two lignin genes (p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase and cinnamoyl CoA reductase) were co-regulated with flavonoid pathway genes (chalcone synthase, dihydroflavanol 4-reductase, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygen-ase and flavanone-3-hydrosylase) which were mesocarp and exocarp specific. Analysis of other fruit development expression studies revealed that flavonoid pathway induction is conserved in the related Rosaceae species apple while lignin pathway induction is not. The transcription factor expression of peach genes homologous to known endocarp determinant genes in Arabidopsis including SHATTERPROOF, SEEDSTCK and NAC SECONDARY WALL THICENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1 were found to be specifically expressed in the endocarp while the negative regulator FRUITFUL predominated in exocarp and mesocarp. Conclusions: Collectively, the data suggests, first, that the process of endocarp determination and differentiation in peach and Arabidopsis share common regulators and, secondly, reveals a previously unknown coordination of competing lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways during early fruit development. C1 [Dardick, Christopher D.; Callahan, Ann M.; Scorza, Ralph] ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Dardick, CD (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM chris.dardick@ars.usda.gov RI Schaffer, Robert/D-1018-2011 FU Plant and Food Research Travel Award; Foreign Agricultural Service FX Remo Chiozzotto was, in part, supported by a Plant and Food Research Travel Award for USA-New Zealand Rosaceae Genomics Partnership Initiative and funds from the Foreign Agricultural Service. NR 56 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 38 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1741-7007 J9 BMC BIOL JI BMC Biol. PD FEB 9 PY 2010 VL 8 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1741-7007-8-13 PG 17 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 564AQ UT WOS:000275183300001 PM 20144217 ER PT J AU Crossett, A Lauter, N Love, TM AF Crossett, Andrew Lauter, Nick Love, Tanzy M. TI An Empirical Method for Establishing Positional Confidence Intervals Tailored for Composite Interval Mapping of QTL SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; GENETIC-MAP; MAIZE; LOCATION; POPULATION; LINKAGE; MARKERS; LINES AB Background: Improved genetic resolution and availability of sequenced genomes have made positional cloning of moderate-effect QTL realistic in several systems, emphasizing the need for precise and accurate derivation of positional confidence intervals (CIs) for QTL. Support interval (SI) methods based on the shape of the QTL likelihood curve have proven adequate for standard interval mapping, but have not been shown to be appropriate for use with composite interval mapping (CIM), which is one of the most commonly used QTL mapping methods. Results: Based on a non-parametric confidence interval (NPCI) method designed for use with the Haley-Knott regression method for mapping QTL, a CIM-specific method (CIM-NPCI) was developed to appropriately account for the selection of background markers during analysis of bootstrap-resampled data sets. Coverage probabilities and interval widths resulting from use of the NPCI, SI, and CIM-NPCI methods were compared in a series of simulations analyzed via CIM, wherein four genetic effects were simulated in chromosomal regions with distinct marker densities while heritability was fixed at 0.6 for a population of 200 isolines. CIM-NPCIs consistently capture the simulated QTL across these conditions while slightly narrower SIs and NPCIs fail at unacceptably high rates, especially in genomic regions where marker density is high, which is increasingly common for real studies. The effects of a known CIM bias toward locating QTL peaks at markers were also investigated for each marker density case. Evaluation of sub-simulations that varied according to the positions of simulated effects relative to the nearest markers showed that the CIM-NPCI method overcomes this bias, offering an explanation for the improved coverage probabilities when marker densities are high. Conclusions: Extensive simulation studies herein demonstrate that the QTL confidence interval methods typically used to positionally evaluate CIM results can be dramatically improved by accounting for the procedural complexity of CIM via an empirical approach, CIM-NPCI. Confidence intervals are a critical measure of QTL utility, but have received inadequate treatment due to a perception that QTL mapping is not sufficiently precise for procedural improvements to matter. Technological advances will continue to challenge this assumption, creating even more need for the current improvement to be refined. C1 [Crossett, Andrew; Love, Tanzy M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Lauter, Nick] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA USA. [Lauter, Nick] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA USA. [Lauter, Nick] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Crossett, A (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Stat, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM Tanzy_Love@urmc.rochester.edu RI Love, Tanzy/F-3954-2010 OI Love, Tanzy/0000-0002-7154-0229 FU Department of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University [3625-21000049- 00D]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0240019]; National Institutes of Health [T32 ES007271] FX This work was funded by the Department of Statistics at Carnegie Mellon University, by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (CRIS# 3625-21000049- 00D), by the National Science Foundation (DMS-0240019), and by the National Institutes of Health (T32 ES007271). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 9 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR e9039 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0009039 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554NV UT WOS:000274442600003 PM 20161743 ER PT J AU Zeng, SH Xiao, G Guo, J Fei, ZJ Xu, YQ Roe, BA Wang, Y AF Zeng, Shaohua Xiao, Gong Guo, Juan Fei, Zhangjun Xu, Yanqin Roe, Bruce A. Wang, Ying TI Development of a EST dataset and characterization of EST-SSRs in a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GENIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HERBA EPIMEDII; DNA; WHEAT; TRANSFERABILITY; IDENTIFICATION; BERBERIDACEAE AB Background: Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant species, has been used extensively as genuine medicinal materials. Certain Epimedium species are endangered due to commercial overexploition, while sustainable application studies, conservation genetics, systematics, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) of Epimedium is less-studied due to the lack of molecular markers. Here, we report a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) identified in these ESTs for E. sagittatum. Results: cDNAs of E. sagittatum are sequenced using 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing technology. The raw reads are cleaned and assembled into a total of 76,459 consensus sequences comprising of 17,231 contigs and 59,228 singlets. About 38.5% (29,466) of the consensus sequences significantly match to the non-redundant protein database (E-value < 1e-10), 22,295 of which are further annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms. A total of 2,810 EST-SSRs is identified from the Epimedium EST dataset. Trinucleotide SSR is the dominant repeat type (55.2%) followed by dinucleotide (30.4%), tetranuleotide (7.3%), hexanucleotide (4.9%), and pentanucleotide (2.2%) SSR. The dominant repeat motif is AAG/CTT (23.6%) followed by AG/CT (19.3%), ACC/GGT (11.1%), AT/AT (7.5%), and AAC/GTT (5.9%). Thirty-two SSR-ESTs are randomly selected and primer pairs are synthesized for testing the transferability across 52 Epimedium species. Eighteen primer pairs (85.7%) could be successfully transferred to Epimedium species and sixteen of those show high genetic diversity with 0.35 of observed heterozygosity (Ho) and 0.65 of expected heterozygosity (He) and high number of alleles per locus (11.9). Conclusion: A large EST dataset with a total of 76,459 consensus sequences is generated, aiming to provide sequence information for deciphering secondary metabolism, especially for flavonoid pathway in Epimedium. A total of 2,810 EST-SSRs is identified from EST dataset and similar to 1580 EST-SSR markers are transferable. E. sagittatum EST-SSR transferability to the major Epimedium germplasm is up to 85.7%. Therefore, this EST dataset and EST-SSRs will be a powerful resource for further studies such as taxonomy, molecular breeding, genetics, genomics, and secondary metabolism in Epimedium species. C1 [Zeng, Shaohua; Xiao, Gong; Guo, Juan; Xu, Yanqin; Wang, Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Pant Germplasm Enhancement & Special Agr, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Shaohua; Xiao, Gong; Guo, Juan] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Fei, Zhangjun] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Fei, Zhangjun] USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Roe, Bruce A.] Univ Oklahoma, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Bot Garden, Key Lab Pant Germplasm Enhancement & Special Agr, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. EM yingwang@wbgcas.cn RI Xiao, Gong/B-7738-2009 OI Xiao, Gong/0000-0002-8177-4838 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-YW-N-030] FX This work was partially funded by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-N-030), Presidential Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the CAS/CAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams, and 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their kindly suggestions and Dr. Junhua Peng in Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the help of biological statistics. NR 56 TC 109 Z9 119 U1 3 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD FEB 8 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 94 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-94 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 565KT UT WOS:000275291900001 PM 20141623 ER PT J AU Kapich, AN Korneichik, TV Hatakka, A Hammel, KE AF Kapich, Alexander N. Korneichik, Tatyana V. Hatakka, Annele Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Oxidizability of unsaturated fatty acids and of a non-phenolic lignin structure in the manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation system SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lignin degradation; Lipid peroxidation; Manganese peroxidase; Unsaturated fatty acids; White rot ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MODEL COMPOUNDS; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA; WOOD DECAY; OXIDATION; DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; MECHANISM; FUNGUS; OXYGEN AB Unsaturated fatty acids have been proposed to mediate the oxidation of recalcitrant, non-phenolic lignin structures by fungal manganese peroxidases (MnP), but their precise role remains unknown. We investigated the oxidizability of three fatty acids with varying degrees of polyunsaturation (linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids) by measuring conjugated dienes formation when lipid peroxidation was initiated either by MnP in the presence of Mn(II) or by chelated Mn(III). An inverse relationship between the degree of fatty acid unsaturation and the rate of peroxidation was found in both cases, but we also noted some differences between the two types of reaction. With MnP/Mn(II), the reaction developed slowly and resulted in sustained lipid peroxidation as determined by the formation of late-stage fatty acid degradation products. By contrast, the reaction with chelated Mn(Ill) was very rapid and did not result in the formation of these late-stage products, which suggests that this system failed to propagate the sustained radical chain reaction that is characteristic of complete lipid peroxidation. All three polyunsaturated fatty acids supported the co-oxidation of a non-phenolic lignin model compound by MnP, again showing an inverse relationship between the degree of unsaturation and reactivity, but chelated Mn(III) by itself supported only very low levels of fatty acid-mediated lignin model oxidation. These parallels in fatty acid reactivity are consistent with a reaction scheme in which Mn(II I) acts as the proximal oxidant that initiates lipid peroxidation by MnP, thus generating fatty acid-derived radicals which in turn oxidize lignin structures. However, the results also suggest that the initial peroxyl radicals formed may not be the ligninolytic oxidants in this system. Instead, other radical oxidants produced during late-stage reactions of lipid peroxidation may be required. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kapich, Alexander N.; Hammel, Kenneth E.] Inst Microbial & Biochem Sci, USDA Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Kapich, Alexander N.; Hatakka, Annele] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Kapich, Alexander N.; Korneichik, Tatyana V.] Int Sakharov Environm Univ, Minsk 220009, Byelarus. RP Kapich, AN (reprint author), Inst Microbial & Biochem Sci, USDA Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kapich@wisc.edu RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; Hatakka, Annele/0000-0001-7056-3931 FU Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus [20065179]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AI02-07ER64480] FX This work was supported by Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus grant (09/06) 20065179 (A.N.K.) and grant DE-AI02-07ER64480 from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy (K.E.H.). NR 31 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 EI 1879-0909 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.09.014 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 549ZC UT WOS:000274093600013 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Bernier, P AF Parks, Catherine G. Bernier, Pierre TI Adaptation of forests and forest management to changing climate with emphasis on forest health: A review of science, policies and practices SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Parks, Catherine G.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Bernier, Pierre] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Ste Foy, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM cparks01@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 4 SI SI BP 657 EP 659 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(09)00903-7 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 561XW UT WOS:000275014400001 ER PT J AU Liu, YQ Stanturf, J Goodrick, S AF Liu, Yongqiang Stanturf, John Goodrick, Scott TI Trends in global wildfire potential in a changing climate SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management to Changing Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health CY AUG 25-28, 2008 CL Umea, SWEDEN DE Wildfire potential; Climate change; Keetch-Byram Drought Index (BKDI); Projection ID CANADIAN FOREST-FIRES; LAND-COVER CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; COUPLED MODEL; IMPACT; DROUGHT; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS; DANGER AB The trend in global wildfire potential under the climate change due to the greenhouse effect is investigated. Fire potential is measured by the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI), which is calculated using the observed maximum temperature and precipitation and projected changes at the end of this century (2070-2100) by general circulation models (GCMs) for present and future climate conditions, respectively. It is shown that future wildfire potential increases significantly in the United States, South America, central Asia, southern Europe, southern Africa, and Australia. Fire potential moves up by one level in these regions, from currently low to future moderate potential or from moderate to high potential. Relative changes are the largest and smallest in southern Europe and Australia, respectively. The period with the KBDI greater than 400 (a simple definition for fire season in this study) becomes a few months longer. The increased fire potential is mainly caused by warming in the U.S., South America, and Australia and by the combination of warming and drying in the other regions. Sensitivity analysis shows that future fire potential depends on many factors such as climate model and emission scenario used for climate change projection. The results suggest dramatic increases in wildfire potential that will require increased future resources and management efforts for disaster prevention and recovery. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Liu, Yongqiang; Stanturf, John; Goodrick, Scott] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Liu, YQ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM yliu@fs.fed.us RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010; Goodrick, Scott/A-9957-2009 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459; NR 83 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 5 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 4 SI SI BP 685 EP 697 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.002 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 561XW UT WOS:000275014400003 ER PT J AU Hanewinkel, M Hummel, S Cullmann, DA AF Hanewinkel, Marc Hummel, Susan Cullmann, Dominik A. TI Modelling and economic evaluation of forest biome shifts under climate change in Southwest Germany SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management to Changing Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health CY AUG 25-28, 2008 CL Umea, SWEDEN DE Risk management process; Climate change; Simulation; Risk modelling ID SPRUCE STANDS; WIND DAMAGE; BEECH; RISK; DISTURBANCES; PROBABILITY; STABILITY; FAUSTMANN; ROTATION; POLICY AB We evaluated the economic effects of a predicted shift from Norway spruce (Picea abies (Karst) to European beech (Fagus sylvatica (L) for a forest area of 1.3 million ha in southwest Germany. The shift was modelled with a generalised linear model (GLM) by using presence/absence data from the National Forest Inventory in Baden-Wurttemberg, a digital elevation model, and regionalised climate parameters from the period 1970 to 2000. Two scenarios from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (B1, A2) for three different time scales (2030, 2065, and 2100) were investigated. The GLM predicted a decrease of the suitable area for growing Norway spruce between 21% (B1, 2030) and 93% (A2, 2100) in comparison to 2000. This corresponds to a reduction in the potential area of Norway spruce from between 190,000 and 860,000 ha. The financial effect of this reduction in area was then evaluated by using a classical Faustmann approach, namely the land expectation value (LEV) as an economic parameter for forests of Norway spruce versus European beech. Underlying cash flows were derived from a distance dependent, single-tree growth simulator (SILVA) based on data for prices and costs of the year 2004. With an interest rate of r = 2%, the predicted loss in the potential area of Norway spruce is related to a decrease of the LEV between 690 million and 3.1 billion Euro. We discuss the sensitivity of these results to changing interest rates, risk levels, and rotation lengths. Results suggest that managing forestland for profitability will be increasingly difficult under both climate scenarios. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanewinkel, Marc; Cullmann, Dominik A.] Forstliche Versuchs & Forsch Anstalt Baden Wurtte, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany. [Hummel, Susan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR USA. RP Hanewinkel, M (reprint author), Forstliche Versuchs & Forsch Anstalt Baden Wurtte, Wonnhaldestr 4, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany. EM marc.hanewinkel@forst.bwl.de RI Hanewinkel, Marc/E-5639-2011 OI Hanewinkel, Marc/0000-0003-4081-6621 NR 60 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 4 SI SI BP 710 EP 719 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.08.021 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 561XW UT WOS:000275014400005 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Oswalt, CM Westfall, JA Perry, CH Nelson, MD Finley, AO AF Woodall, C. W. Oswalt, C. M. Westfall, J. A. Perry, C. H. Nelson, M. D. Finley, A. O. TI Selecting tree species for testing climate change migration hypotheses using forest inventory data SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management to Changing Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health CY AUG 25-28, 2008 CL Umea, SWEDEN DE Climate change; Tree migration; United States; Forest; Seedlings; Latitude ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CO2 ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; HABITAT; SCENARIOS; ELEVATION; MODEL AB The lack of objective tree species lists hinders the assessment of climate change effects on tree species distributions. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate criteria for selecting tree species used in large-scale tree migration monitoring efforts. The results of this study indicate that tree migration conclusions are highly dependant on the species selected for examination. It was found that tree species' median latitudes or forecasted future areas provided objective criteria for development of species lists for migration hypothesis testing with the latter being insensitive to simulation error. Furthermore, only 10-15 of the top species, in terms of high median latitudes or loss in forecasted future area, are needed to maximize the sensitivity of a migration index. The use of such criteria in this study indicated a northward shift of sensitive tree populations of 27 km. It is suggested that examining species only the most likely to migrate serves as an objective starting point for migration detection. In contrast, the inclusion of all tree species commonly observed in large-scale forest inventories can obfuscate migration detection with tree species that have little ecological reason to immediately migrate in a changing climate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Woodall, C. W.; Perry, C. H.; Nelson, M. D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. [Oswalt, C. M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN USA. [Westfall, J. A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. [Finley, A. O.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 4 SI SI BP 778 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.022 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 561XW UT WOS:000275014400012 ER PT J AU Harrington, CA Gould, PJ St Clair, JB AF Harrington, Constance A. Gould, Peter J. St Clair, J. Bradley TI Modeling the effects of winter environment on dormancy release of Douglas-fir SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptation of Forests and Forest Management to Changing Climate with Emphasis on Forest Health CY AUG 25-28, 2008 CL Umea, SWEDEN DE Chilling; Forcing; Dormancy; Climate change; Global warming; Modeling ID SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM; BUD-BURST PHENOLOGY; COLD-STORAGE; CHILLING REQUIREMENTS; FLUSHING TEMPERATURE; CAMBIAL MERISTEM; BETULA-PENDULA; MITOTIC INDEX; SEEDLINGS; VERNALIZATION AB Most temperate woody plants have a winter chilling requirement to prevent budburst during midwinter periods of warm weather. The date of spring budburst is dependent on both chilling and forcing; modeling this date is an important part of predicting potential effects of global warming on trees. There is no clear evidence from the literature that the curves of chilling or forcing effectiveness differ by species so we combined our data and published information to develop new curves on the effectiveness of temperature for chilling and forcing. The new curves predict effectiveness over a wide range of temperatures and we suggest both functions may be operating at the same time. We present experimental data from 13 winter environments for 5 genotypes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) and use them to test various assumptions of starting and stopping dates for accumulating chilling and forcing units and the relationship between budburst and the accumulation of chilling and forcing units. Chilling started too early to be effective in one treatment but the other 12 environments resulted in budburst from many combinations of chilling and forcing. Previous reports have suggested benefits or cancellations of effects from alternating day/night or periodic temperatures. Our simple models do not include these effects but nevertheless were effective in predicting relationships between chilling and forcing for treatments with a wide range of conditions. Overall, the date of budburst changed only slightly (+1 to -11 days) across a wide range of treatments in our colder test environment (Olympia, WA, USA) but was substantially later (+29 days) in the warmest treatment in our warmer environment (Corvallis, OR, USA). An analysis of historical climate data for both environments predicted a wide range in date to budburst could result from the same mean temperature due to the relative weightings of specific temperatures in the chilling and forcing functions. In the absence of improved understanding of the basic physiological mechanisms involved in dormancy induction and release, we suggest that simple, universal functions be considered for modeling the effectiveness of temperature for chilling and forcing. Future research should be designed to determine the exact shape of the curves; data are particularly lacking at the temperature extremes. We discuss the implications of our data and proposed functions for predicting effects of climate change. Both suggest that the trend toward earlier budburst will be reversed if winter temperatures rise substantially. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Harrington, Constance A.; Gould, Peter J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [St Clair, J. Bradley] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Harrington, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM charrington@fs.fed.us; pgould@fs.fed.us; bstclair@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 NR 68 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 4 SI SI BP 798 EP 808 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.06.018 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 561XW UT WOS:000275014400014 ER PT J AU Rubino, M Netramai, S Auras, R Annous, BA AF Rubino, Maria Netramai, Siriyupa Auras, Rafael Annous, Bassam A. TI Effect of Chlorine Dioxide Gas on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Polymeric Packaging Materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE degradation; barrier; FTIR; thermal properties; mechanical properties AB The effects of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) on properties and performance of 10 selected polymeric packaging materials, including polyethylene (PE), biaxially oriented poly(propylene), polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(lactic acid), nylon, and a multilayer structure of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), were evaluated. Physical, mechanical, barrier, and color properties as well as infrared (IR) spectra were assessed before and after polymer samples were exposed to 3600 ppmV ClO(2) gas at 23 degrees C for 24, 168, and 336 h. The IR spectra of the ClO(2)-treated samples revealed many changes in their chemical characteristics, such as the formation of polar groups in the polyolefin, changes in functional groups, main chain scission degradation, and possible chlorination of several materials. The ClO(2)-treated PE samples showed a decrease in tensile properties compared with the untreated (control) films. Decreases in moisture, oxygen, and/or carbon dioxide barrier properties were observed in the treated PE, PET, and multilayer EVA/EVOH/EVA samples. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the barrier to O(2) was observed in the ClO(2)-treated nylon, possibly the result of molecular reordering, which was found through an increase in the crystallinity of the material. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 1742-1750, 2010 C1 [Rubino, Maria; Netramai, Siriyupa; Auras, Rafael] Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Annous, Bassam A.] USDA ARS, Food Saftey Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Rubino, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Sch Packaging, Packaging Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mariar@msu.edu RI Auras, Rafael/J-6547-2012 OI Auras, Rafael/0000-0002-4378-359X FU Thai Government; National Integrated Food Safety Initiative [USDA-CSREES-ICGP-00111] FX Contract grant sponsors: Thai Government (the Royal Thai Government Scholarship), USDA-CSREES-ICGP-00111 Integrated, Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program (National Integrated Food Safety Initiative). NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 5 PY 2010 VL 115 IS 3 BP 1742 EP 1750 DI 10.1002/app.31244 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 530ZP UT WOS:000272631800060 ER PT J AU Abou Najm, MR Jabro, JD Iversen, WM Mohtar, RH Evans, RG AF Abou Najm, Majdi R. Jabro, Jalal D. Iversen, William M. Mohtar, Rabi H. Evans, Robert G. TI New method for the characterization of three-dimensional preferential flow paths in the field SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID 3-COMPONENT DIGITAL IMAGES; SOIL PORE STRUCTURE; CRACKING CLAY SOIL; WATER-FLOW; EARTHWORM BURROWS; THIN-SECTIONS; MACROPORES; PATTERNS; DENSITY; TRACER AB Preferential flow path development in the field is the result of the complex interaction of multiple processes relating to the soil's structure, moisture condition, stress level, and biological activity. Visualizing and characterizing the cracking behavior and preferential paths evolution with soil depth has always been a key challenge and a major barrier against scaling up existing hydrologic concepts and models to account for preferential flows. This paper presents a new methodology to quantify soil preferential paths in the field using liquid latex. The evolution of the preferential flow paths at different soil depths and moisture conditions is assessed. Results from different soil series (Savage clay loam soil versus Chalmers clay loam) and different vegetation covers and soil managements (corn/tilled field versus soybean no-till field in the Chalmers soil series) are presented. C1 [Abou Najm, Majdi R.; Mohtar, Rabi H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jabro, Jalal D.; Iversen, William M.; Evans, Robert G.] ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Abou Najm, MR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 225 S Univ St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mohtar@purdue.edu RI Abou Najm, Majdi/M-1587-2014 FU USDA [2005-03338]; French Embassy office of Science and Technology in Chicago FX This research was supported by USDA grant 2005-03338 and a research grant from the French Embassy office of Science and Technology in Chicago. The authors acknowledge Dale Spracklin (USDA-NPARL), Julie Jesiek, and Emily Sanders (Purdue University) who contributed to the heavy field and laboratory work. We thank Darrell Schulze and Keith Cherkauer for their edits that helped improve the quality of this manuscript and Eileen Kladivko whose work with liquid latex to characterize earthworm barrows inspired the use of liquid latex as the casting material for the proposed experiment. We thank the Editor, the Associate Editor, and the three reviewers for their outstanding comments that improved the quality of this paper. NR 79 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 4 PY 2010 VL 46 AR W02503 DI 10.1029/2009WR008594 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 553IZ UT WOS:000274361200003 ER PT J AU Metzgar, D Myers, CA Russell, KL Faix, D Blair, PJ Brown, J Vo, S Swayne, DE Thomas, C Stenger, DA Lin, B Malanoski, AP Wang, Z Blaney, KM Long, NC Schnur, JM Saad, MD Borsuk, LA Lichanska, AM Lorence, MC Weslowski, B Schafer, KO Tibbetts, C AF Metzgar, David Myers, Christopher A. Russell, Kevin L. Faix, Dennis Blair, Patrick J. Brown, Jason Vo, Scott Swayne, David E. Thomas, Colleen Stenger, David A. Lin, Baochuan Malanoski, Anthony P. Wang, Zheng Blaney, Kate M. Long, Nina C. Schnur, Joel M. Saad, Magdi D. Borsuk, Lisa A. Lichanska, Agnieszka M. Lorence, Matthew C. Weslowski, Brian Schafer, Klaus O. Tibbetts, Clark TI Single Assay for Simultaneous Detection and Differential Identification of Human and Avian Influenza Virus Types, Subtypes, and Emergent Variants SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID RESEQUENCING DNA MICROARRAYS; PATHOGEN IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; BROAD-SPECTRUM; HEMAGGLUTININ; SURVEILLANCE; TOOL AB For more than four decades the cause of most type A influenza virus infections of humans has been attributed to only two viral subtypes, A/H1N1 or A/H3N2. In contrast, avian and other vertebrate species are a reservoir of type A influenza virus genome diversity, hosting strains representing at least 120 of 144 combinations of 16 viral hemagglutinin and 9 viral neuraminidase subtypes. Viral genome segment reassortments and mutations emerging within this reservoir may spawn new influenza virus strains as imminent epidemic or pandemic threats to human health and poultry production. Traditional methods to detect and differentiate influenza virus subtypes are either time-consuming and labor-intensive (culture-based) or remarkably insensitive (antibody-based). Molecular diagnostic assays based upon reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have short assay cycle time, and high analytical sensitivity and specificity. However, none of these diagnostic tests determine viral gene nucleotide sequences to distinguish strains and variants of a detected pathogen from one specimen to the next. Decision-quality, strain-and variant-specific pathogen gene sequence information may be critical for public health, infection control, surveillance, epidemiology, or medical/veterinary treatment planning. The Resequencing Pathogen Microarray (RPM-Flu) is a robust, highly multiplexed and target gene sequencing-based alternative to both traditional culture-or biomarker-based diagnostic tests. RPM-Flu is a single, simultaneous differential diagnostic assay for all subtype combinations of type A influenza viruses and for 30 other viral and bacterial pathogens that may cause influenza-like illness. These other pathogen targets of RPM-Flu may co-infect and compound the morbidity and/or mortality of patients with influenza. The informative specificity of a single RPM-Flu test represents specimen-specific viral gene sequences as determinants of virus type, A/HN subtype, virulence, host-range, and resistance to antiviral agents. C1 [Metzgar, David; Myers, Christopher A.; Russell, Kevin L.; Faix, Dennis; Blair, Patrick J.; Brown, Jason; Vo, Scott] USN, Dept Resp Dis Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. [Russell, Kevin L.] US Dept Def Global Emerging Infect Surveillance &, Div Armed Forces Hlth Surveillance Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Swayne, David E.; Thomas, Colleen; Blaney, Kate M.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Stenger, David A.; Lin, Baochuan; Malanoski, Anthony P.; Wang, Zheng; Long, Nina C.; Schnur, Joel M.] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Bio Mol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Schnur, Joel M.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA USA. [Saad, Magdi D.] Naval Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Borsuk, Lisa A.; Lichanska, Agnieszka M.; Lorence, Matthew C.; Weslowski, Brian; Schafer, Klaus O.; Tibbetts, Clark] TessArae LLC, Potomac Falls, VA USA. RP Metzgar, D (reprint author), USN, Dept Resp Dis Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. EM clark.tibbetts@tessarae.com RI Malanoski, Anthony/C-7814-2011; Saad, Magdi/H-5561-2013; Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Lin, Baochuan/A-8390-2009 OI Malanoski, Anthony/0000-0001-6192-888X; Saad, Magdi/0000-0003-2111-8115; Lin, Baochuan/0000-0002-9484-0785 FU TessArae [NCRADA-NRL-06-406]; United States Navy to TessArae [N00244-07-C-0037]; Department of Defense; Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland FX No grant funding supported this effort. TessArae and the Naval Research Laboratory worked together under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (NCRADA-NRL-06-406), with financial resources contributed from TessArae. TessArae and the Naval Health Research Center worked together under a research services contract (N00244-07-C-0037) from the United States Navy to TessArae. Partial funding for this respiratory disease surveillance initiative was provided by the Department of Defense, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (GEIS), a Division of the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland. TessArae and the Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (SEPRL) cooperated under a no-cost cooperative agreement under which SEPRL provided samples (as their respective costs assumed) for testing and TessArae performed the testing (as their respective costs assumed). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 22 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 3 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 2 AR e8995 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0008995 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 554ZA UT WOS:000274474200003 PM 20140251 ER PT J AU Pantin-Jackwood, M Wasilenko, JL Spackman, E Suarez, DL Swayne, DE AF Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Wasilenko, Jamie L. Spackman, Erica Suarez, David L. Swayne, David E. TI Susceptibility of turkeys to pandemic-H1N1 virus by reproductive tract insemination SO VIROLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA-VIRUS; BREEDER HENS; PATHOBIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; VACCINE; SWINE; PCR; H5 AB The current pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) was first recognized in humans with acute respiratory diseases in April 2009 in Mexico, in swine in Canada in June, 2009 with respiratory disease, and in turkeys in Chile in June 2009 with a severe drop in egg production. Several experimental studies attempted to reproduce the disease in turkeys, but failed to produce respiratory infection in turkeys using standard inoculation routes. We demonstrated that pH1N1 virus can infect the reproductive tract of turkey hens after experimental intrauterine inoculation, causing decreased egg production. This route of exposure is realistic in modern turkey production because turkey hens are handled once a week for intrauterine insemination in order to produce fertile eggs. This understanding of virus exposure provides an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and can improve poultry husbandry to prevent disease outbreaks. C1 [Pantin-Jackwood, Mary; Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Spackman, Erica; Suarez, David L.; Swayne, David E.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Current Research Information Systems [6612-32000-048-00D] FX This research was supported by USDA Current Research Information Systems project 6612-32000-048-00D. Joan R. Beck, James Doster, Kira Moresco, Diane Smith, Caran Cagle, and Scott Lee provided technical assistance. Dr. Alexander Klimov at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Chilean Public Health Laboratory are thanked for providing the challenge virus. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1743-422X J9 VIROL J JI Virol. J. PD FEB 3 PY 2010 VL 7 AR 27 DI 10.1186/1743-422X-7-27 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 562ZC UT WOS:000275093800002 PM 20128914 ER PT J AU Li, FQ Crow, WT Kustas, WP AF Li, Fuqin Crow, Wade T. Kustas, William P. TI Towards the estimation root-zone soil moisture via the simultaneous assimilation of thermal and microwave soil moisture retrievals SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Data assimilation; Microwave remote sensing; Thermal remote sensing; Soil moisture ID LAND DATA ASSIMILATION; HEAT-FLUX; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY FLUXES; BALANCE MODEL; PART I; VEGETATION; PROXY; METHODOLOGY; VALIDATION AB The upcoming deployment of satellite-based microwave sensors designed specifically to retrieve surface soil moisture represents an important milestone in efforts to develop hydrologic applications for remote sensing observations. However, typical measurement depths of microwave-based soil moisture retrievals are generally considered too shallow (top 2-5 cm, of the soil column) for many important water cycle and agricultural applications. Recent work has demonstrated that thermal remote sensing estimates of surface radiometric temperature provide a complementary source of land surface information that can be used to define a robust proxy for root-zone (top 1 m of the soil column) soil moisture availability. In this analysis, we examine the potential benefits of simultaneously assimilating both microwave-based surface soil moisture retrievals and thermal infrared-based root-zone soil moisture estimates into a soil water balance model using a series of synthetic twin data assimilation experiments conducted at the USDA Optimizing Production Inputs for Economic and Environmental Enhancements (OPE3) site. Results from these experiments illustrate that, relative to a baseline case of assimilating only surface soil moisture retrievals, the assimilation of both root- and surface-zone soil moisture estimates reduces the root-mean-square difference between estimated and true root-zone soil moisture by 50% to 35% (assuming instantaneous root-zone soil moisture retrievals are obtained at an accuracy of between 0.020 and 0.030 m(3) m(-3)). Most significantly, improvements in root-zone soil moisture accuracy are seen even for cases in which root-zone soil moisture retrievals are assumed to be relatively inaccurate (i.e. retrievals errors of up to 0.070 m(3) m(-3)) or limited to only very sparse sampling (i.e. one instantaneous measurement every eight days). Preliminary real data results demonstrate a clear increase in the R-2 correlation coefficient with ground-based root-zone observations (from 0.51 to 0.73) upon assimilation of actual surface soil moisture and tower-based thermal infrared temperature observations made at the OPE3 study site. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Fuqin] Geosci Australia, Natl Earth Observat Grp, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Li, Fuqin; Crow, Wade T.; Kustas, William P.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Li, FQ (reprint author), Geosci Australia, Natl Earth Observat Grp, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM Fuqin.Li@ga.gov.au FU NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program [NNX06AG07G] FX Research was supported by NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program Grant NNX06AG07G entitled "Monitoring of Root-Zone Soil Moisture Using Multi-Frequency Observations of Surface Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration." We are grateful to Dr. Timothy Gish from the USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (HRSL)and Dr. John Prueger from the USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames IA who provided expertise and technical oversight of the soil moisture and eddy flux tower measurements at the OPE3 site. We also would like to thank Mr. Andrew Russ from HRSL who was responsible for maintaining the flux tower instruments, collecting and processing the agronomic data and provided quality assurance of the weather and eddy covariance data. NR 42 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 EI 1872-9657 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 33 IS 2 BP 201 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.11.007 PG 14 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 558RW UT WOS:000274764300007 ER PT J AU Coyle, DR Aubrey, DP Bentz, JA AF Coyle, David Robert Aubrey, Doug Patrick Bentz, Jo-Ann TI Erythroneura lawsoni abundance and feeding injury levels are influenced by foliar nutrient status in intensively managed American sycamore SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cicadellidae; Homoptera; leaf quality; micronutrients; nitrogen; Platanus occidentalis; sticky trap; temporal variation ID POTATO LEAFHOPPER HOMOPTERA; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; WATER-STRESSED ALFALFA; PEAR PSYLLA HOMOPTERA; AMINO-ACID CONTENT; HOST-PLANT; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; TREE FERTILIZATION; EMPOASCA-FABAE AB Abundance and feeding injury of the leafhopper Erythroneura lawsoni Robinson was measured in an intensively-managed American sycamore Platanus occidentalis L. plantation. Trees were planted in spring 2000 in a randomized complete block design, and received one of three annual treatments: (i) fertilization (120 kg N/ha/year); (ii) irrigation (3.0 cm/week); (iii) fertilization + irrigation; or (iv) control (no treatment). Foliar nutrient concentrations were significantly influenced by the treatments because only sulphur and manganese levels were not statistically greater in trees receiving fertilization. Over 116 000 E. lawsoni were captured on sticky traps during the study. Leafhopper abundance was highest on nonfertilized trees for the majority of the season, and was positively correlated with foliar nutrient concentrations. Significant temporal variation in E. lawsoni abundance occurred, suggesting five discrete generations in South Carolina. Significant temporal variation occurred in E. lawsoni foliar injury levels, with the highest injury ratings occurring in late June and August. Foliar injury was negatively correlated with foliar nutrient content, and higher levels of injury occurred more frequently on nonfertilized trees. The results obtained in the present study indicated that increased E. lawsoni abundance occurred on trees that did not receive fertilization. Nonfertilized trees experienced greater foliar injury, suggesting that lower foliar nutrient status may have led to increased levels of compensatory feeding. C1 [Coyle, David Robert] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Aubrey, Doug Patrick] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bentz, Jo-Ann] USDA ARS, USNA Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Russell Labs 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dcoyle@entomology.wisc.edu RI Aubrey, Doug/A-3455-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Forest Service Southern Research Station under Interagency Agreement [DE-IA09-76SR00056]; Short Rotation Woody Crops Cooperative Research Program (USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station) FX Partial funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations office through the USDA-Forest Service Savannah River and the Forest Service Southern Research Station under Interagency Agreement DE-IA09-76SR00056. We thank M. Coleman and J. Blake (USDA Forest Service) for project support, as well as A. Slack and M. Hall (USDA Forest Service) and A. Barbosa (USDA, ARS, USNA, FNPRU) for technical assistance. This project was conducted as part of the Short Rotation Woody Crops Cooperative Research Program (USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station). This manuscript was improved by the comments of R. Groves (University of Wisconsin), R. Zalesny (USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station), C. Sadof (Purdue University), D. Herms (The Ohio State University) and P. Weston (Cornell University). This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00456.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 566GB UT WOS:000275357000010 ER PT J AU Rypel, AL AF Rypel, Andrew L. TI Mercury Concentrations in Lentic Fish Populations Related to Ecosystem and Watershed Characteristics SO AMBIO LA English DT Article DE Contaminant; Ecology; Fish tissue; Food chain; GIS; Methylation; Wisconsin ID FOOD-CHAIN LENGTH; METHYL MERCURY; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; METHYLMERCURY; FOREST; LAKES; DEPOSITION; WETLANDS; REDUCE AB Predicting mercury (Hg) concentrations of fishes at large spatial scales is a fundamental environmental challenge with the potential to improve human health. In this study, mercury concentrations were examined for five species across 161 lakes and ecosystem, and watershed parameters were investigated as explanatory variables in statistical models. For all species, Hg concentrations were significantly, positively related to wetland coverage. For three species (largemouth bass, pike, and walleye), Hg concentrations were significantly, negatively related to lake trophic state index (TSI), suggestive of growth biodilution. There were no significant relationships between ecosystem size and mercury concentrations. However, Hg concentrations were strongly, positively related to ecosystem size across species. Scores of small or remote lakes that have never been tested could be prioritized for testing using models akin to those presented in this article. Such an approach could also be useful for exploring how Hg concentrations of fishes might respond to natural or anthropogenic changes to ecosystems over time. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA, US Forest Serv, Stream Hydrol Lab,Biol Dept, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Rypel, AL (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA, US Forest Serv, Stream Hydrol Lab,Biol Dept, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM andrewrypel@yahoo.com NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 14 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s13280-009-0001-z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 609TH UT WOS:000278679700003 PM 20496648 ER PT J AU Shen, J Lai, CQ Mattei, J Ordovas, JM Tucker, KL AF Shen, Jian Lai, Chao-Qiang Mattei, Josiemer Ordovas, Jose M. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Association of vitamin B-6 status with inflammation, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammatory conditions: the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HISPANIC WHITE ELDERS; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; METABOLIC SYNDROME; CARIBBEAN ORIGIN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DEFICIENT RATS; ACUTE-PHASE AB Background: Low vitamin B-6 status has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The cardioprotective effects of vitamin B-6 independent of homocysteine suggest that additional mechanisms may be involved. Objective: Our objective was to examine the cross-sectional association of vitamin B-6 status with markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Design: We measured plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ail oxidative DNA damage marker, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in Puerto Rican adults who were living in Massachusetts (n = 1205, aged 45-75 y). Results: There was a strong dose-response relation of plasma PLP concentration with plasma CRP. Increasing quartiles of PLP were significantly associated with lower CRP concentrations (geometric means: 4.7, 3.6, 3.1, and 2.5 mg/L; P for trend < 0.0001) and with lower urinary 8-OHdG concentrations (geometric means: 124, 124, 117, and 108 ng/mg creatinine; P for trend: 0.025) after multivariate adjustment. These negative associations persisted after plasma homocysteine was controlled for. Plasma PLP concentrations were significantly correlated with plasma fasting glucose (r = -0.1, P = 0.0006), glycated hemoglobin (r = -0.08, P = 0.006), and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function (r = 0.082, P = 0.005). Metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes were also significantly associated with low plasma PLP concentrations (P = 0.011, 0.0007, and 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Low vitamin B-6 concentrations are associated with inflammation. higher oxidative stress, and metabolic conditions in older Puerto Rican adults. Our data suggest that vitamin B-6 may influence cardiovascular disease risk through mechanisms other than homocysteine and support the notion that nutritional status may influence the health disparities present in this population. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:337-42. C1 [Shen, Jian; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Mattei, Josiemer; Ordovas, Jose M.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Bouve Coll Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Shen, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jian.shen@tufts.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; Mattei, Josiemer/H-1800-2016; OI Mattei, Josiemer/0000-0001-5424-8245; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging [01AG023394-02]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL54776]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001] FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging grant 01AG023394-02 and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant HL54776; and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001. NR 50 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28571 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 548GG UT WOS:000273947500007 PM 19955400 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Guan, XF AF Wang, Yi Guan, Xinfu TI GLP-2 potentiates L-type Ca2+ channel activity associated with stimulated glucose uptake in hippocampal neurons SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE glucagon-like peptide-2; glucagon-like peptide-2 receptor; L-type calcium channel; whole cell patch clamp ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-2; CALCIUM-CHANNELS; C-FOS; ENERGY-METABOLISM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CORTICAL-NEURONS; INSULIN; RECEPTOR AB Wang Y, Guan X. GLP-2 potentiates L-type Ca2+ channel activity associated with stimulated glucose uptake in hippocampal neurons. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298: E156-E166, 2010. First published November 17, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00585.2009.-Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a neuropeptide secreted from endocrine cells in the gut and neurons in the brain. GLP-2 stimulates intestinal crypt cell proliferation and mucosal blood flow while decreasing gastric emptying and gut motility. However, a GLP-2-mediated signaling network has not been fully established in primary cells. Since the GLP-2 receptor mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the mouse hippocampus, we further characterized that human I-125-labeled GLP-21-33 specifically bound to cultured hippocampal neurons with K-d = 0.48 nM, and GLP-2 acutely induced subcellular translocalization of the early gene c-Fos. Using the whole cell patch clamp, we recorded barium currents (I-Ba) flowing through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) in those neurons in the presence of GLP-2 with and without inhibitors. We showed that GLP-2 (20 nM) enhanced the whole cell IBa mediated by L-type VGCC that was defined using an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (nifedipine, 10 mu M). Moreover, GLP-2-potentiation of L-type VGCC was abolished in neurons pretreated with a PKA inhibitor (PKI14-22, 1 mu M). Finally, using a fluorescent nonmetabolized glucose analog (6-NBDG) tracing imaging, we showed that glucose was taken up directly by cultured neurons. GLP-2 increased 2-deoxy-D-[H-3] glucose uptake that was dependent upon dosage, activation of PKA, and potentiation of L-type VGCC. We conclude that GLP-2 potentiates L-type VGCC activity through activating PKA signaling, partially stimulating glucose uptake by primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The potentiation of L-type VGCC may be physiologically relevant to GLP-2-induced neuroendocrine modulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion. C1 [Guan, Xinfu] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Wang, Yi] China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yi; Guan, Xinfu] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Guan, XF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM xguan@bcm.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) [6250-51000-043]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [K01 DK-75489]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [30728016] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA/ARS) under Cooperative Agreement No. 6250-51000-043, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant K01 DK-75489, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 30728016 (X. Guan). This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 298 IS 2 BP E156 EP E166 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00585.2009 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 544YB UT WOS:000273695500003 PM 19920220 ER PT J AU Cleveland, BM Weber, GM AF Cleveland, Beth M. Weber, Gregory M. TI Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, and leucine on protein turnover and ubiquitin ligase expression in rainbow trout primary myocytes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atrogin-1; forkhead box O; insulin-like growth factor-I; protein synthesis ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY; RECEPTOR SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; FOXO TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PROTEOLYTIC-RELATED GENES; GILTHEAD SEA BREAM; PLASMA IGF-I; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; DENERVATION ATROPHY; VITRO DEVELOPMENT AB Cleveland BM, Weber GM. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, and leucine on protein turnover and ubiquitin ligase expression in rainbow trout primary myocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R341-R350, 2010. First published December 9, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00516.2009.-The effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin, and leucine on protein turnover and pathways that regulate proteolytic gene expression and protein polyubiquitination were investigated in primary cultures of 4-day-old rainbow trout myocytes. Supplementing media with 100 nM IGF-I increased protein synthesis by 13% (P < 0.05) and decreased protein degradation by 14% (P < 0.05). Treatment with 1 mu M insulin increased protein synthesis by 13% (P < 0.05) and decreased protein degradation by 17% (P < 0.05). Supplementing media containing 0.6 mM leucine with an additional 2.5 mM leucine did not increase protein synthesis rates but reduced rates of protein degradation by 8% (P < 0.05). IGF-I (1 nM-100 nM) and insulin (1 nM-1 mu M) independently reduced the abundance of ubiquitin ligase mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal reductions of similar to 70% for muscle atrophy F-box (Fbx) 32, 40% for Fbx25, and 25% for muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF1, P < 0.05). IGF-I and insulin stimulated phosphorylation of FOXO1 and FOXO4 (P < 0.05), which was inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor wortmannin, and decreased the abundance of polyubiquitinated proteins by 10-20% (P < 0.05). Supplementing media with leucine reduced Fbx32 expression by 25% ( P < 0.05) but did not affect Fbx25 nor MuRF1 transcript abundance. Serum deprivation decreased rates of protein synthesis by 60% (P < 0.05), increased protein degradation by 40% (P < 0.05), and increased expression of all ubiquitin ligases. These data suggest that, similar to mammals, the inhibitory effects of IGF-I and insulin on proteolysis occur via P I3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling and are partially responsible for the ability of these compounds to promote protein accretion. C1 [Cleveland, Beth M.; Weber, Gregory M.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Cleveland, BM (reprint author), 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM beth.cleveland@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service [1930-31000-007-00D] FX Funding support for this study came from the Agricultural Research Service Project 1930-31000-007-00D. NR 90 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 298 IS 2 BP R341 EP R350 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00516.2009 PG 10 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 547CI UT WOS:000273862700014 PM 20007517 ER PT J AU Lkhagvadorj, S Qu, L Cai, WG Couture, OP Barb, CR Hausman, GJ Nettleton, D Anderson, LL Dekkers, JCM Tuggle, CK AF Lkhagvadorj, Sender Qu, Long Cai, Weiguo Couture, Oliver P. Barb, C. Richard Hausman, Gary J. Nettleton, Dan Anderson, Lloyd L. Dekkers, Jack C. M. Tuggle, Christopher K. TI Gene expression profiling of the short-term adaptive response to acute caloric restriction in liver and adipose tissues of pigs differing in feed efficiency SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microarray; transcriptional profiling; ESR1; residual feed intake; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g; cAMP response element binding; protein ID RECEPTOR-ALPHA GENE; AGING IMMUNE-SYSTEM; BODY-WEIGHT; BEEF-CATTLE; MITOCHONDRIAL-FUNCTION; THYROID-HORMONES; FOOD-CONSUMPTION; LIFE-SPAN; MICE; GROWTH AB Lkhagvadorj S, Qu L, Cai W, Couture OP, Barb CR, Hausman GJ, Nettleton D, Anderson LL, Dekkers JC, Tuggle CK. Gene expression profiling of the short-term adaptive response to acute caloric restriction in liver and adipose tissues of pigs differing in feed efficiency. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R494-R507, 2010. First published November 25, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00632.2009.-Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed efficiency, in which low RFI denotes improved feed efficiency. Caloric restriction (CR) is associated with feed efficiency in livestock species and to human health benefits, such as longevity and cancer prevention. We have developed pig lines that differ in RFI, and we are interested in identifying the genes and pathways that underlie feed efficiency. Prepubertal Yorkshire gilts with low RFI (n = 10) or high RFI (n = 10) were fed ad libitum or fed at restricted intake of 80% of maintenance energy requirements for 8 days. We measured serum metabolites and hormones and generated transcriptional profiles of liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue on these animals. Overall, 6,114 genes in fat and 305 genes in liver were differentially expressed (DE) in response to CR, and 311 genes in fat and 147 genes in liver were DE due to RFI differences. Pathway analyses of CR-induced DE genes indicated a dramatic switch to a conservation mode of energy usage by down-regulating lipogenesis and steroidogenesis in both liver and fat. Interestingly, CR altered expression of genes in immune and cell cycle/apoptotic pathways in fat, which may explain part of the CR-driven lifespan enhancement. In silico analysis of transcription factors revealed ESR1 as a putative regulator of the adaptive response to CR, as several targets of ESR1 in our DE fat genes were annotated as cell cycle/apoptosis genes. The lipid metabolic pathway was overrepresented by down-regulated genes due to both CR and low RFI. We propose a common energy conservation mechanism, which may be controlled by PPARA, PPARG, and/or CREB in both CR and feed-efficient pigs. C1 [Lkhagvadorj, Sender; Qu, Long; Cai, Weiguo; Couture, Oliver P.; Anderson, Lloyd L.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lkhagvadorj, Sender; Anderson, Lloyd L.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qu, Long; Cai, Weiguo; Nettleton, Dan] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qu, Long; Couture, Oliver P.; Nettleton, Dan; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Bioinformat & Computat Biol Pro, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Barb, C. Richard; Hausman, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Tuggle, CK (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM cktuggle@iastate.edu RI Qu, Long/I-8528-2012 FU United States Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative [USDA-NRI-2005-3560415618]; Center for Integrated Animal Genomics at Iowa State University; Hatch; State of Iowa; National Science Foundation [0714978] FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative Grant USDA-NRI-2005-3560415618 and the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics at Iowa State University and is a journal series paper from the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, supported by Hatch and State of Iowa funds. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0714978. NR 89 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 298 IS 2 BP R494 EP R507 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00632.2009 PG 14 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 547CI UT WOS:000273862700032 PM 19939971 ER PT J AU Szentirmai, E Kapas, L Sun, YX Smith, RG Krueger, JM AF Szentirmai, Eva Kapas, Levente Sun, Yuxiang Smith, Roy G. Krueger, James M. TI Restricted feeding-induced sleep, activity, and body temperature changes in normal and preproghrelin-deficient mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food-entrainable oscillator; food anticipatory activity; electroencephalographic slow-wave activity; food deprivation; hypothermia ID FOOD-ANTICIPATORY ACTIVITY; DORSOMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; ENTRAINABLE CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; GHRELIN LEVELS; MESSENGER-RNA; RATS; DEPRIVATION; WAKEFULNESS; EXPRESSION; INTEGRATION AB Szentirmai E, Kapas L, Sun Y, Smith RG, Krueger JM. Restricted feeding-induced sleep, activity, and body temperature changes in normal and preproghrelin-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 298: R467-R477, 2010. First published November 25, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00557.2009.-Behavioral and physiological rhythms can be entrained by daily restricted feeding (RF), indicating the existence of a food-entrainable oscillator (FEO). One manifestation of the presence of FEO is anticipatory activity to regularly scheduled feeding. In the present study, we tested if intact ghrelin signaling is required for FEO function by studying food anticipatory activity (FAA) in preproghrelin knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Sleep-wake activity, locomotor activity, body temperature, food intake, and body weight were measured for 12 days in mice on a RF paradigm with food available only for 4 h daily during the light phase. On RF days 1-3, increases in arousal occurred. This response was significantly attenuated in preproghrelin KO mice. There were progressive changes in sleep architecture and body temperature during the subsequent nine RF days. Sleep increased at night and decreased during the light periods while the total daily amount of sleep remained at baseline levels in both KO and WT mice. Body temperature fell during the dark but was elevated during and after feeding in the light. In the premeal hours, anticipatory increases in body temperature, locomotor activity, and wakefulness were present from RF day 6 in both groups. Results indicate that the preproghrelin gene is not required for the manifestation of FAA but suggest a role for ghrelinergic mechanisms in food deprivation-induced arousal in mice. C1 [Szentirmai, Eva; Kapas, Levente] Washington State Univ, WWAMI Med Educ Program, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. [Szentirmai, Eva; Kapas, Levente; Krueger, James M.] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Szentirmai, Eva; Kapas, Levente; Krueger, James M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet & Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sun, Yuxiang] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, ARS,Huffington Ctr Aging,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sun, Yuxiang] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Smith, Roy G.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Metab & Aging, Jupiter, FL USA. RP Szentirmai, E (reprint author), Washington State Univ, WWAMI Med Educ Program, POB 1495, Spokane, WA 99210 USA. EM eszentirmai@wsu.edu FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS-27250] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant NS-27250. NR 47 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6119 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-REG I JI Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 298 IS 2 BP R467 EP R477 DI 10.1152/ajpregu.00557.2009 PG 11 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 547CI UT WOS:000273862700029 PM 19939974 ER PT J AU Karasev, AV Nikolaeva, OV Hu, XJ Sielaff, Z Whitworth, J Lorenzen, JH Gray, SM AF Karasev, Alexander V. Nikolaeva, Olga V. Hu, Xiaojun Sielaff, Zachary Whitworth, Jonathan Lorenzen, James H. Gray, Stewart M. TI Serological Properties of Ordinary and Necrotic Isolates of Potato virus Y: A Case Study of PVYN Misidentification SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO VENOUS NECROSIS; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; COAT PROTEIN; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; CANADA; ASSAY AB In the course of a multi-year survey of Potato virus Y (PVY) incidence and diversity in the U.S. seed potato crop, an unusual PVY variant was identified in low but significant levels in multiple states. This variant, PVYO-O5, was initially detected by a commercially available PVYN-specific monoclonal antibody, 1F5. This antibody is widely used by U.S. Seed Certification programs to test for PVYN and is one of two antibodies designated by the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO) for pre-shipment testing of tuber lots that are to be transported between countries. Consequently, PVYN positives identified by the 1F5 antibody have triggered quarantine actions, prevented cross-border shipments and impacted trade. Here, we demonstrate by a variety of methods that the PVYO-O5 is a variant within the ordinary PVY strain (PVYO). Specifically, the PVYO-O5 variant likely arose due to a single amino acid substitution within the capsid protein. This variant does not induce vein necrosis in tobacco or tuber necrosis in susceptible varieties of potato. Furthermore, it is identified by RT-PCR based diagnostics as PVYO and it has a typical PVYO genome sequence. We demonstrate that another PVYN specific monoclonal antibody, SASA-N, recognizes an epitope distinct from that recognized by 1F5, and correctly identifies the PVYO-O5 variants as belonging to the PVYO serotype. Since the PVYO-O5 variant is present in many seed producing states and misidentification of PVYO-O5 as PVYN/NTN has clear quarantine implications for export shipments of potato, the limitations of the commercially available monoclonal antibodies should be considered in any certification or phytosanitary testing program. C1 [Gray, Stewart M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Karasev, Alexander V.; Nikolaeva, Olga V.; Hu, Xiaojun; Sielaff, Zachary; Lorenzen, James H.] Univ Idaho, Dept PSES, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Whitworth, Jonathan] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Gray, SM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM smg3@cornell.edu RI Hu, Xiaojun/C-2608-2011 FU USDA-CSREES-NRICGP [2009-35600-05025]; USDA-APHIS; National Potato Council; USDA-ARS [58-5354-7-540, 58-1907-8-870]; Idaho Potato Commission FX This work was funded in part by the USDA-CSREES-NRICGP (#2009-35600-05025), USDA-APHIS, the National Potato Council, USDA-ARS Cooperative Agreements 58-5354-7-540 and 58-1907-8-870, and the Idaho Potato Commission. We thank Dawn Smith, Teresa Meacham, and Cheryl Seidel for their assistance with greenhouse and laboratory assays. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9110-2 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GN UT WOS:000276132500001 ER PT J AU Sengoda, VG Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Buchman, JL Pappu, HR AF Sengoda, Venkatesan G. Munyaneza, Joseph E. Crosslin, James M. Buchman, Jeremy L. Pappu, Hanu R. TI Phenotypic and Etiological Differences Between Psyllid Yellows and Zebra Chip Diseases of Potato SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Psyllid yellows; Zebra chip disease; Potato; Potato psyllid; Candidatus Liberibacter ID CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER SOLANACEARUM; BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; BACTERICERA-COCKERELLI SULC; PURPLE TOP PHYTOPLASMA; 1ST REPORT; COLUMBIA BASIN; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; UNITED-STATES; CAUSAL AGENT; PLANTS AB Both potato psyllid yellows and zebra chip (ZC) potato diseases are associated with the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). Aboveground plant symptoms of both diseases are similar but there is a difference in symptoms in potato tubers. ZC has recently been associated with a new species of the bacterium liberibacter, 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum', also known as 'Ca. Liberibacter psyllaurous'. Mechanisms by which the potato psyllid might cause either ZC or potato psyllid yellows symptoms are not understood. Insect transmission studies were conducted to demonstrate psyllid vectoring of both diseases and to compare symptoms and development of the two diseases. Potato plants were exposed to both liberibacter-free and liberibacter-carrying potato psyllids and later evaluated for plant and tuber symptoms. These plants and tubers were then tested for liberibacter by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, potato plants exhibiting severe psyllid yellows/ZC-like symptoms were collected from a commercial potato field heavily infested with the potato psyllid and tested for liberibacter. PCR detected 'Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum' in ZC symptomatic plants and tubers resulting from exposure to liberibacter-carrying psyllids. Despite development of foliar symptoms that resemble those of ZC in plants exposed to liberibacter-free psyllids, no liberibacter was detected in these plants with psyllid yellows. Moreover, tubers from these plants with psyllid yellows did not exhibit any symptoms of ZC infection and tested negative for the bacterium. No liberibacter was detected in plants or tubers collected from the psyllid-infested potato field, suggesting that the observed symptoms were due to psyllid yellows. Furthermore, potato plants that were infected with liberibacter died sooner than plants that were infected with psyllid yellows. Although an association between liberibacter and ZC has been established, no pathogen is yet associated with potato psyllid yellows and mechanisms by which psyllid yellows symptoms are induced by the potato psyllid remain unclear. C1 [Sengoda, Venkatesan G.; Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Buchman, Jeremy L.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Sengoda, Venkatesan G.; Pappu, Hanu R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Joseph.Munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Frito Lay, Inc.; Texas Department of Agriculture; USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program FX We thank Launa Hamlin and Richard Delorme for their invaluable technical assistance. We are also grateful to Jon Gilley and Lucy Carpio from CSS Farms for providing and processing field-collected potatoes affected by psyllid yellows. Financial support for this work was partially provided by Frito Lay, Inc., Texas Department of Agriculture, and the USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9115-x PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GN UT WOS:000276132500006 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Crosslin, JM Buchman, JL Sengoda, VG AF Munyaneza, Joseph E. Crosslin, James M. Buchman, Jeremy L. Sengoda, Venkatesan G. TI Susceptibility of Different Potato Plant Growth Stages to Purple Top Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Potato; Purple top disease; BLTVA phytoplasma; Beet leafhopper; Susceptibility; Plant growth stages ID BEET LEAFHOPPER HEMIPTERA; COLUMBIA BASIN; UNITED-STATES; PHYTOPLASMA; CICADELLIDAE; WASHINGTON; ASSOCIATION; OREGON; MEXICO; VIRUS AB Since 2002, potato growers in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon have experienced outbreaks of potato purple top disease that have caused significant yield losses and reductions in tuber quality. It was determined that the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma is the causal agent of the disease in the Columbia Basin and that this pathogen is transmitted by the beet leafhopper. Little is known about the impact of purple top disease on potato in the Pacific Northwest and effective management strategies for the disease are lacking. Trials were conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2008 under laboratory and field conditions to assess susceptibility of different plant growth stages of selected potato cultivars to purple top. Ranger Russet and Umatilla Russet plants of different plant growth stages were exposed to BLTVA-infective leafhoppers in the laboratory and transferred to outdoor field cages. In a second study, Ranger Russet, Umatilla Russet, Russet Burbank, and Russet Norkotah plants were exposed to naturally occurring BLTVA-infective leafhoppers in the field by uncovering portions of caged rows of potatoes at desired intervals beginning at plant emergence. Plants were monitored for purple top symptoms and tested for BLTVA by PCR to confirm infection. Purple top foliar symptoms were observed in all the tested cultivars under both laboratory and field conditions. Results from both the laboratory and field experiments indicated that younger plants were more susceptible to purple top than older ones. In the laboratory trial, disease incidence was 87.5, 70, and 18.4% for Umatilla Russet, at 10 days, 25 days, and 50 days after plant emergence, respectively. Similarly, 65%, 52.3%, and 14.3% of the Ranger Russet plants became infected with purple top after being exposed to beet leafhoppers at 10 days, 25 days, and 50 days after emergence, respectively. In the field trial, disease incidence was relatively high in potato plants exposed to leafhoppers during the first 5 weeks to 6 weeks after plant emergence and the infection declined thereafter. Statistical analysis of laboratory and field collected data indicated that there was a strong correlation between purple top infection and plant growth stage in all potato cultivars tested. Information from the present study will help potato growers prevent damage caused by purple top disease by appropriately protecting susceptible plant growth stages against the beet leafhopper. C1 [Munyaneza, Joseph E.; Buchman, Jeremy L.; Sengoda, Venkatesan G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM Joseph.Munyaneza@ars.usda.gov FU Washington State Potato Commission; USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program FX We thank Jeff Upton, Launa Hamlin, Blaine Heilman, Millie Heidt, and Dan Hallauer for invaluable technical assistance. In addition, we thank anonymous reviewers who made suggestions to an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support for this work was partially provided by the Washington State Potato Commission and the USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 87 IS 1 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9117-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 576GN UT WOS:000276132500008 ER PT J AU Mattoo, AK Minocha, SC Minocha, R Handa, AK AF Mattoo, Autar K. Minocha, Subhash C. Minocha, Rakesh Handa, Avtar K. TI Polyamines and cellular metabolism in plants: transgenic approaches reveal different responses to diamine putrescine versus higher polyamines spermidine and spermine SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Review DE Amino acids; Biogenic amines; Metabolome; Poplar cell cultures; Tomato ID INITIATION-FACTOR 5A; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE CDNA; STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES; GENETIC MANIPULATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DROUGHT STRESS; POPLAR CELLS; AMINO-ACIDS; DEOXYHYPUSINE SYNTHASE; PROLINE ACCUMULATION AB Distribution of biogenic amines-the diamine putrescine (Put), triamine spermidine (Spd), and tetraamine spermine (Spm)-differs between species with Put and Spd being particularly abundant and Spm the least abundant in plant cells. These amines are important for cell viability and their intracellular levels are tightly regulated, which have made it difficult to characterize individual effects of Put, Spd and Spm on plant growth and developmental processes. The recent transgenic intervention and mutational genetics have made it possible to stably alter levels of naturally occurring polyamines and study their biological effects. We bring together an analysis of certain metabolic changes, particularly in amino acids, to infer the responsive regulation brought about by increased diamine or polyamine levels in actively growing poplar cell cultures (transformed with mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene to accumulate high Put levels) and ripening tomato pericarp (transformed with yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene to accumulate high Spd and Spm levels at the cost of Put). Our analysis indicates that increased Put has little effect on increasing the levels of Spd and Spm, while Spd and Spm levels are inter-dependent. Further, Put levels were positively associated with Ala (alpha and beta), Ile and GABA and negatively correlated with Gln and Glu in both actively growing poplar cell cultures and non-dividing tomato pericarp tissue. Most amino acids showed positive correlations with Spd and Spm levels in actively growing cells. Collectively these results suggest that Put is a negative regulator while Spd-Spm are positive regulators of cellular amino acid metabolism. C1 [Mattoo, Autar K.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Minocha, Subhash C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Minocha, Rakesh] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Handa, Avtar K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM autar.mattoo@ars.usda.gov; sminocha@unh.edu; rminocha@unh.edu; ahanda@purdue.edu FU USDA-NRI [2002-35318-12674]; NH Agricultural Experiment Station; US Forest Service, Northern Research Station [2407]; US-Israel BARD [N0. IS-3441-03]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, IFAFS program [741740]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service FX We acknowledge the contributions of our collaborators listed in the cited references. The research presented here was funded by USDA-NRI award No. 2002-35318-12674 to SCM); the NH Agricultural Experiment Station (to SCM and RKM); the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station; US-Israel BARD grant (to AKH and AKM; Grant N0. IS-3441-03), a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, IFAFS program (to AKH; Award No. 741740), and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. This is scientific contribution number 2407 from the NH Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 80 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD FEB PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 405 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s00726-009-0399-4 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 553RI UT WOS:000274384100006 PM 19956999 ER PT J AU Fiore, M Rimando, AM Andolfi, A Evidente, A AF Fiore, Michele Rimando, Agnes M. Andolfi, Anna Evidente, Antonio TI A new GC-MS method for the analysis of ascaulitoxin, its aglycone and 4-aminoproline from culture filtrates of Ascochyta caulina SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID CHENOPODIUM-ALBUM; PHYTOTOXINS AB A new GC-MS method was developed for the analysis of ascaulitoxin, its aglycone, and 4-amino-D-proline, which are phytotoxins with potential herbicidal activity produced by Ascochyta caulina. The method involved directly treating the lyophilized culture filtrate with a derivatizing reagent, converting the mixture of toxins in the filtrate to their corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives, and consequent analysis by EI-MS. The method is rapid, sensitive and highly specific for the identification and analysis of the toxins in a complex sample matrix. Analysis of culture filtrates using this method suggested that phytotoxicity correlates with the level of ascaulitoxin in the culture filtrate. A new method for the purification of 2,4,7-triamino-5-hydroxyoctandioic acid, the aglycone of ascaulitoxin, is also described. C1 [Andolfi, Anna; Evidente, Antonio] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta Ambiente & Prod Ani, I-80055 Portici, Italy. [Fiore, Michele; Rimando, Agnes M.] USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38677 USA. RP Evidente, A (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Suolo Pianta Ambiente & Prod Ani, Via Univ 100, I-80055 Portici, Italy. EM evidente@unina.it RI Evidente, Antonio/N-9357-2013 OI Evidente, Antonio/0000-0001-9110-1656 FU European Commission [FOOD-CT-2003-001687]; Regione Campania [L.R. 5/02] FX The authors thank Dr Maurizio Vurro, Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, Bari, Italy and Prof. Stephen O. Duke, USDA-ARS-NPURU, Oxford, MS, USA for their continuous interest and suggestions. This work was carried out within the project "Enhancement and Exploitation of Soil Biocontrol Agents for Bio-Constraint Management in Crops" (contract n. FOOD-CT-2003-001687), which is financially supported by the European Commission within the 6th FP of RTD, Thematic Priority 5 Food Quality and Safety. The information/opinions provided in the paper do not necessarily represent the official position/opinion of the European Commission. The research was also supported by grants from Regione Campania L.R. 5/02. Contribution DISSPAPA 204. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PD FEB PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1039/b9ay00162j PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 570AW UT WOS:000275645000008 ER PT J AU Guedes, NMP Guedes, RNC Campbell, JF Throne, JE AF Guedes, Nelsa Maria P. Guedes, Raul Narciso C. Campbell, James F. Throne, James E. TI Contest behaviour of maize weevil larvae when competing within seeds SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE competition strategy; Curculionidae; interaction; intraspecific competition; life-history trait; maize weevil; resource monopolization; scramble competition; Sitophilus zeamais; Zea mays ID CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS COLEOPTERA; INSECTICIDE-RESISTANT POPULATIONS; SITOPHILUS-ZEAMAIS MOTSCHULSKY; WALL-MAKING BEHAVIOR; LIFE-HISTORY; INTERFERENCE MECHANISMS; BRAZILIAN POPULATIONS; ADULT EMERGENCE; BEAN WEEVIL; CURCULIONIDAE AB Food limitation induces severe competition for obligate seed-feeding insect larvae that are unable to leave the seed selected by their mother. The number of eggs laid per seed and the number of larvae hatched from the eggs are important determinants of whether larval behaviour within the seed will be of the scramble or the contest type. In maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais, few adults emerge per seed regardless of the number of eggs laid, which may arise from scramble competition, if the optimum egg density (i.e. egg density leading to maximum total larval fitness) is low compared to the number of eggs laid per seed, or from contest competition due to direct interference among the larvae. The behavioural process and the ecological outcome of competition were assessed in two strains of the maize weevil. Neither strain showed a reduction in body mass with increased competition, and they had similar optimal egg densities (two eggs per seed). There was a hump in the larval fitness curve suggesting a scramble competition, but this conclusion is compromised because the optimum egg density was small (two eggs per seed). X-ray imaging of seeds was used to observe interactions of larvae within the seed and showed direct interference, with aggression among the larvae. This provides evidence of contest-like competition within seeds even when egg density was low. Hence, one should be cautious in inferring the underlying type of competitive behaviour from variables such as body mass and initial egg density per seed. Direct observation of behaviour is required to make such an inference. (C) 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Guedes, Nelsa Maria P.; Guedes, Raul Narciso C.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Anim Biol, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. [Guedes, Nelsa Maria P.; Guedes, Raul Narciso C.; Campbell, James F.; Throne, James E.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Guedes, RNC (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Anim Biol, BR-36571000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. EM guedes@ufv.br RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 FU Minas Gerais State Foundation for Research Aid; Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development; CAPES Foundation of the Brazilian Ministry of Education; USDA-GMPRC FX We thank the Minas Gerais State Foundation for Research Aid, the Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development, the CAPES Foundation of the Brazilian Ministry of Education, and the USDA-GMPRC for financial and structural support. The comments and suggestions provided by Drs. K. Y. Zhu, A. Janssen, and S. L. Elliot and Professor M. W. Sabelis on an early draft of the manuscript were greatly appreciated. The technical assistance provided by A. Redmon was also appreciated. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Federal University of Vicosa or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 79 IS 2 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.10.022 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 548SJ UT WOS:000273986300008 ER PT J AU Lekatz, LA Ward, MA Borowicz, PP Taylor, JB Redmer, DA Grazul-Bilska, AT Reynolds, LP Caton, JS Vonnahme, KA AF Lekatz, L. A. Ward, M. A. Borowicz, P. P. Taylor, J. B. Redmer, D. A. Grazul-Bilska, A. T. Reynolds, L. P. Caton, J. S. Vonnahme, K. A. TI Cotyledonary responses to maternal selenium and dietary restriction may influence alterations in fetal weight and fetal liver glycogen in sheep SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Placenta; Maternal nutrition; Fetus; Fetal glycogen; Sheep ID VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION; ANGIOGENIC FACTOR EXPRESSION; BLOOD-VESSEL FORMATION; PREGNANT EWE LAMBS; PLACENTAL GROWTH; VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT; ADOLESCENT SHEEP; LATE-GESTATION; INTESTINAL CELLULARITY AB To examine the effects of maternal supranutritional selenium (Se) and nutrient restriction during mid and late gestation on placental characteristics and fetal liver glycogen, ewes received either adequate Se (ASe) or high Se (HSe) prior to breeding. On d 64 of gestation, ASe and HSe ewes remained at 100% of requirements (controls; CON) or were restricted (RES; 60% of requirements). On d 135 of gestation, fetal weight (P <= 0.08) was greatest in both HSe and CON ewes. Placentome number, mass, and caruncular and cotyledonary weight were not different (P >= 0.17) among treatments. Fetal mass: placental mass ratio was less (P = 0.06) in RES compared to CON ewes. Compared to ASe, HSe exhibited increased (P < 0.08) cellular proliferation and DNA concentration and decreased (P = 0.07) cellular size in cotyledonary tissue. Nutritional restriction decreased (P < 0.08) cotyledonary protein concentration and cellular size. VEGF receptor 1 (Flt) mRNA in cotyledonary tissue was greater in HSe compared with ASe ewes (P = 0.06) and in RES compared with CON ewes (P = 0.08). There was no effect of diet on caruncular growth variables (P >= 0.13) or on placental vascularity (P >= 0.11). Progesterone was greater (P <= 0.08) in ASe-RES ewes compared to all groups at d 90 and ASe-CON and HSe-CON at d 104. Although fetal glucose and cortisol concentrations were not affected by diet, fetal liver glycogen was greater (P = 0.04) in ASe-RES compared to ASe-CON and HSe-RES ewes with HSe-CON being intermediate. Both Se and nutritional plane may impact placental function and fetal growth, as fetal weight and liver glycogen are altered despite similar placental vascularity measurements. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lekatz, L. A.; Ward, M. A.; Borowicz, P. P.; Redmer, D. A.; Grazul-Bilska, A. T.; Reynolds, L. P.; Caton, J. S.; Vonnahme, K. A.] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID USA. RP Vonnahme, KA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Dept Anim Sci, 181 Hultz Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM Kim.Vonnahme@ndsu.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2003-35206-13621, 2005-35206-15281]; NIH [HL 64141]; USDA-IFAFS [00-52101-9636] FX This project was partially supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Nos. 2003-35206-13621 and 2005-35206-15281 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, by NIH Grant HL 64141 and by USDA-IFAFS Grant No. 00-52101-9636. NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 EI 1873-2232 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.009 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 533XA UT WOS:000272857700004 PM 19501989 ER PT J AU Malcolm, KD Van Deelen, TR Drake, D Kesler, DJ VerCauteren, KC AF Malcolm, Karl D. Van Deelen, Timothy R. Drake, David Kesler, Darrel J. VerCauteren, Kurt C. TI Contraceptive efficacy of a novel intrauterine device (IUD) in white-tailed deer SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Contraception; Fertility control; Intrauterine device; White-tailed deer ID PREGNANCY; FERTILITY; EWE AB Overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) pose risks to property, health, and safety of human beings. Public concerns about lethal management can impair efforts to address these issues, particularly in urban settings. Several techniques developed for reducing reproductive output of deer have limited utility because they require repeated dosing to achieve permanent effect and face uncertain regulatory approval for use beyond experimentation. From 10 August 2006 through 30 December 2007, we evaluated the contraceptive efficacy of copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUDs) implanted trans-cervically in white-tailed deer at the E.S. George Reserve in Pinckney, Michigan. Intrauterine devices were implanted before (n = 9) and shortly after (n = 10) the breeding season. Post-breeding season IUD treatment was in conjunction with a 5 cm(3) dose of 5 mg/ml prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2 alpha)), delivered subcutaneously. Intrauterine devices reduced pregnancy rates when administered prior to breeding (P < 0.001) and prevented pregnancy for up to 2 years (the duration of the study). Two of 8 does that received IUDs prior to the breeding season and survived to the end of the study became pregnant (due to loss of the implant) during the second year while all (n = 16) does without implants conceived. Cervical changes associated with early pregnancy made trans-cervical implantation after the breeding season challenging, and resulted in improperly placed IUDs in 2 treated does. The apparent expulsion of IUDs by pregnant does that received the combined treatment after breeding suggests IUD treatment should be limited to the pre-breeding season. Intrauterine devices show potential as a too] for small-scale deer population management via non-steroidal reproductive inhibition. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Malcolm, Karl D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs A224, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kesler, Darrel J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Anim Sci Lab 106, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [VerCauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Malcolm, KD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Russell Labs A224, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM malcolm@wisc.edu FU USDA National Wildlife Research Center; University of Michigan FX We thank E. Berkley, W. Bolgos, P. Burke, N. Gillespie, G. Jacobs, M. Lavelle, M. Lechmaier, E. Love, S. Love, R. Malcolm, A. Shakoor, D. Storm, R. Walrath, M. Watt, and E. Wilson for assistance with fieldwork. We greatly appreciate the logistical support of the University of Michigan Edwin S. George Reserve Committee, particularly E. Werner and C. Davis. The USDA National Wildlife Research Center and the University of Michigan provided financial support. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.003 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 533XA UT WOS:000272857700009 PM 19497690 ER PT J AU Carlson, DA Gese, EM AF Carlson, Debra A. Gese, Eric M. TI Integrity of mating behaviors and seasonal reproduction in coyotes (Canis latrans) following treatment with estradiol benzoate SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; Contraception; Coyote; Estradiol benzoate; Mating behavior; Seasonal reproduction ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PREGNANCY; STERILIZATION; PREDATION; SHEEP; DOGS AB Coyotes (Canis latrans) are seasonally monestrous and form perennial pair-bonds. Breeding is dominated by each pack's alpha male and female, and both sexes share responsibility for territory defense and pup-rearing. They are also opportunistic predators on domestic livestock and pets. But while dominant adults have been implicated as primary killers, depredation is reduced when coyotes are without pups. Contraception, therefore, may represent a non-lethal solution for conflicts between coyotes and humans. Steroid hormones successfully control fertility in some species, but have been considered contraindicated in wildlife and canids in particular; specific concerns include possible induction of aberrant behavior, or uterine and hematopoietic pathologies. Herein we describe a study examining the physiological effectiveness, health safety, and behavioral consequences following treatment of estrous coyotes with exogenous estrogen. We treated captive adult female coyotes in estrus with 0.01 mg/kg estradiol benzoate (EB), either before (n = 5) or immediately after ovulation (n = 6), then documented reproductive outcome, physiological variables and behavioral responses, during and after treatment. Pregnancy was averted in six females treated after ovulation, suggesting that appropriate timing of treatment proved crucial. A transient suppression of sexual behavior was observed, and in some cases, estrus appeared slightly lengthened. However, neither ovulation nor mating behavior was fully suppressed. Importantly, non-pregnant females (and their mates) displayed diestrous socio-sexual behavior similar to pregnant coyotes (behavioral pseudopregnancy). Furthermore, nonpregnant coyotes did not mate again until the next native breeding season, and we observed no deleterious physiological effects during diestrus or subsequent ovarian cycles. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Carlson, Debra A.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Carlson, DA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Debra.Carlson@usu.edu RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA FX The authors thank T.D. Bunch, F.F. Knowlton, R.T. Skirpstunas, M.L. Wolfe, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Thanks also to D.A. Wannemacher. We appreciate T.J. DeLiberto and NWRC staff, and the following undergraduate and graduate students at Utah State University for assistance in the handling and care of the study animals, behavior observations, and specimen collections: K. Anderson, R. Bartel, S. Brummer, K. Casper, P. Darrow, R. Harrison, J. Hedelius, D. Jones, R. Kikkert, S. Kirshner, L. Minter, H. Phillips, J. Robinson, A. Seglund, H. Smithj. Tegt, K. Wenning, M. Wollbrink, and D.Zemlicka. Funding and logistical support provided by USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 322 EP 330 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.008 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 533XA UT WOS:000272857700018 PM 19523776 ER PT J AU Adlam, LS Balks, MR Seybold, CA Campbell, DI AF Adlam, Leah S. Balks, Megan R. Seybold, Cathy A. Campbell, David I. TI Temporal and spatial variation in active layer depth in the McMurdo Sound Region, Antarctica SO ANTARCTIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE active layer prediction; altitudinal gradient; Cryosol; Gelisol; latitudinal gradient; permafrost; soil temperature ID DRY VALLEYS; CONTINENTAL ANTARCTICA; PERMAFROST; TEMPERATURE; CRYOSOLS; DYNAMICS; GRADIENT; REGIMES; CLIMATE; DESERT AB A soil climate monitoring network, consisting of seven automated weather stations, was established between 1999 and 2003, ranging from Minna Bluff to Granite Harbour and from near sea level to about 1700 m on the edge of the polar plateau. Active layer depth was calculated for each site for eight successive summers from 1999/2000 to 2006/2007. The active layer depth varied from year to year and was deepest in the warm summer of 2001-02 at all recording sites. No trends of overall increase or decrease in active layer depth were evident across the UP-to-eight years of data investigated. Average active layer depth decreased with increasing latitude from Granite Harbour (77 degrees S, active layer depth of > 90 cm) to Minna Bluff (78.5 degrees S, active layer depth of 22 +/- 0.4 cm), and decreased with increasing altitude from Marble Point (50 m altitude, active layer depth of 49 +/- 9 cm) through to Mount Fleming (1700 m altitude, active layer depth of 6 +/- 2 cm). When all data from the sites were grouped together and used to predict active layer depth the mean summer air temperature, mean winter air temperature, total summer solar radiation and mean summer wind speed explained 73% of the variation (R(2) = 0.73). C1 [Adlam, Leah S.; Balks, Megan R.; Campbell, David I.] Univ Waikato, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Seybold, Cathy A.] Natl Resource Conservat Serv, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Adlam, LS (reprint author), Univ Waikato, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM m.balks@waikato.ac.nz RI Campbell, Dave/F-2786-2011 FU New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (FRST) [C09X0307] FX This research was partially funded by The New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology, (FRST grant C09X0307) and logistic Support was provided by Antarctica New Zealand. Thanks to John Kimble, Ron Paetzold, Don Huffman, Iain Campbell. Jackie Aislabie and Deb Harms who have all assisted with Initial climate station establishment and maintenance. Thanks also to Professor Ray Littler of the Statistics Department (University of Waikato) for assistance with statistical advice and analysis. Funding assistance for Leah Adlam from Education New Zealand facilitated collaboration oil this paper between the University of Waikato and the USDA-NRCS in Lincoln, Nebraska. Thanks to the referees for helpful comments that led to improvements in the final paper. NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0954-1020 J9 ANTARCT SCI JI Antarct. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 22 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1017/S0954102009990460 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 559YJ UT WOS:000274868100009 ER PT J AU Call, DR Singer, RS Meng, D Broschat, SL Orfe, LH Anderson, JM Herndon, DR Kappmeyer, LS Daniels, JB Besser, TE AF Call, Douglas R. Singer, Randall S. Meng, Da Broschat, Shira L. Orfe, Lisa H. Anderson, Janet M. Herndon, David R. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Daniels, Joshua B. Besser, Thomas E. TI bla(CMY-2)-Positive IncA/C Plasmids from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Are a Distinct Component of a Larger Lineage of Plasmids SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CITROBACTER-FREUNDII; UNITED-STATES; DNA-SEQUENCE; CMY-2; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; BLA(CTX-M); HOSPITALS AB Large multidrug resistance plasmids of the A/C incompatibility complex (IncA/C) have been found in a diverse group of Gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacteria. We present three completed sequences from IncA/C plasmids that originated from Escherichia coli (cattle) and Salmonella enterica serovar Newport (human) and that carry the cephamycinase gene bla(CMY-2). These large plasmids (148 to 166 kbp) share extensive sequence identity and synteny. The most divergent plasmid, peH4H, has lost several conjugation-related genes and has gained a kanamycin resistance region. Two of the plasmids (pAM04528 and peH4H) harbor two copies of bla(CMY-2), while the third plasmid (pAR060302) harbors a single copy of the gene. The majority of single-nucleotide polymorphisms comprise nonsynonymous mutations in floR. A comparative analysis of these plasmids with five other published IncA/C plasmids showed that the bla(CMY-2) plasmids from E. coli and S. enterica are genetically distinct from those originating from Yersinia pestis and Photobacterium damselae and distal to one originating from Yersinia ruckeri. While the overall similarity of these plasmids supports the likelihood of recent movements among E. coli and S. enterica hosts, their greater divergence from Y. pestis or Y. ruckeri suggests less recent plasmid transfer among these pathogen groups. C1 [Call, Douglas R.; Broschat, Shira L.; Orfe, Lisa H.; Daniels, Joshua B.; Besser, Thomas E.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Call, Douglas R.; Besser, Thomas E.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Singer, Randall S.; Anderson, Janet M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Biomed Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Meng, Da; Broschat, Shira L.] Washington State Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herndon, David R.; Kappmeyer, Lowell S.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Call, DR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, 402 Bustad Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM drcall@wsu.edu RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services [NO1-AI-30055]; USDA [2000-35212-9398, 2003-35212-13853]; Agricultural Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA; Biomedical Genomics Center at the University of Minnesota FX This project has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract no. NO1-AI-30055 (D. R. C., T. E. B., and S. L. B.); the USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research Unit, Pullman WA; and the Agricultural Animal Health Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, and in part by USDA National Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2000-35212-9398 and 2003-35212-13853 (R. S. S.) and the Biomedical Genomics Center at the University of Minnesota (R. S. S.). NR 36 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 54 IS 2 BP 590 EP 596 DI 10.1128/AAC.00055-09 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 547BR UT WOS:000273860600002 PM 19949054 ER PT J AU Mavrodi, DV Peever, TL Mavrodi, OV Parejko, JA Raaijmakers, JM Lemanceau, P Mazurier, S Heide, L Blankenfeldt, W Weller, DM Thomashow, LS AF Mavrodi, Dmitri V. Peever, Tobin L. Mavrodi, Olga V. Parejko, James A. Raaijmakers, Jos M. Lemanceau, Philippe Mazurier, Sylvie Heide, Lutz Blankenfeldt, Wulf Weller, David M. Thomashow, Linda S. TI Diversity and Evolution of the Phenazine Biosynthesis Pathway SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURKHOLDERIA-CEPACIA COMPLEX; PSEUDOMONAS-CHLORORAPHIS PCL1391; ERWINIA-HERBICOLA EH1087; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; VIRULENCE FACTORS; GENOME SEQUENCE; AERUGINOSA PAO1; GENE-CLUSTER AB Phenazines are versatile secondary metabolites of bacterial origin that function in biological control of plant pathogens and contribute to the ecological fitness and pathogenicity of the producing strains. In this study, we employed a collection of 94 strains having various geographic, environmental, and clinical origins to study the distribution and evolution of phenazine genes in members of the genera Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Pectobacterium, Brevibacterium, and Streptomyces. Our results confirmed the diversity of phenazine producers and revealed that most of them appear to be soil-dwelling and/or plant-associated species. Genome analyses and comparisons of phylogenies inferred from sequences of the key phenazine biosynthesis (phzF) and housekeeping (rrs, recA, rpoB, atpD, and gyrB) genes revealed that the evolution and dispersal of phenazine genes are driven by mechanisms ranging from conservation in Pseudomonas spp. to horizontal gene transfer in Burkholderia spp. and Pectobacterium spp. DNA extracted from cereal crop rhizospheres and screened for the presence of phzF contained sequences consistent with the presence of a diverse population of phenazine producers in commercial farm fields located in central Washington state, which provided the first evidence of United States soils enriched in indigenous phenazine-producing bacteria. C1 [Mavrodi, Dmitri V.; Peever, Tobin L.; Mavrodi, Olga V.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Parejko, James A.] Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Raaijmakers, Jos M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6709 PD Wageningen, Netherlands. [Lemanceau, Philippe; Mazurier, Sylvie] Univ Bourgogne, INRA, CMSE, UMR Microbiol & Geochim Sols, F-21065 Dijon, France. [Heide, Lutz] Univ Tubingen, Inst Pharmaceut, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Blankenfeldt, Wulf] Max Planck Inst Mol Physiol, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany. [Weller, David M.; Thomashow, Linda S.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mavrodi, DV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mavrodi@mailwsu.edu RI Mavrodi, Dmitri/J-2745-2013; Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014; OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614; Heide, Lutz/0000-0001-7809-7453 NR 67 TC 74 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 76 IS 3 BP 866 EP 879 DI 10.1128/AEM.02009-09 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 549BV UT WOS:000274017400029 PM 20008172 ER PT J AU Prompiboon, P Lietze, VU Denton, JSS Geden, CJ Steenberg, T Boucias, DG AF Prompiboon, Pannipa Lietze, Verena-Ulrike Denton, John S. S. Geden, Christopher J. Steenberg, Tove Boucias, Drion G. TI Musca domestica Salivary Gland Hypertrophy Virus, a Globally Distributed Insect Virus That Infects and Sterilizes Female Houseflies SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; DEVELOPMENTAL RESISTANCE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; PATHOGENESIS AB The housefly, Musca domestica, is a cosmopolitan pest of livestock and poultry and is of economic, veterinary, and public health importance. Populations of M. domestica are naturally infected with M. domestica salivary gland hypertrophy virus (MdSGHV), a nonoccluded double-stranded DNA virus that inhibits egg production in infected females and is characterized by salivary gland hypertrophy (SGH) symptoms. MdSGHV has been detected in housefly samples from North America, Europe, Asia, the Caribbean, and the southwestern Pacific. In this study, houseflies were collected from various locations and dissected to observe SGH symptoms, and infected gland pairs were collected for MdSGHV isolation and amplification in laboratory-reared houseflies. Differences among the MdSGHV isolates were examined by using molecular and bioassay approaches. Approximately 600-bp nucleotide sequences from each of five open reading frames having homology to genes encoding DNA polymerase and partial homology to the genes encoding four per os infectivity factor proteins (p74, pif-1, pif-2, and pif-3) were selected for phylogenetic analyses. Nucleotide sequences from 16 different geographic isolates were highly homologous, and the polymorphism detected was correlated with geographic source. The virulence of the geographic MdSGHV isolates was evaluated by per os treatment of newly emerged and 24-h-old houseflies with homogenates of infected salivary glands. In all cases, 24-h-old flies displayed a resistance to oral infection that was significantly greater than that displayed by newly eclosed adults. Regardless of the MdSGHV isolate tested, all susceptible insects displayed similar degrees of SGH and complete suppression of oogenesis. C1 [Prompiboon, Pannipa; Lietze, Verena-Ulrike; Denton, John S. S.; Boucias, Drion G.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Geden, Christopher J.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Steenberg, Tove] Aarhus Univ, Dept Integrated Pest Management, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Lietze, VU (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, 970 Nat Area Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM vlietze@ufl.edu FU USDA/NRI [2007-35302-18127]; National Institutes of Health [NIAID R21 A1073501-01] FX Financial support was provided in part by USDA/NRI grant 2007-35302-18127 and by National Institutes of Health grant NIAID R21 A1073501-01. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 76 IS 4 BP 994 EP 998 DI 10.1128/AEM.02424-09 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 552XS UT WOS:000274328900002 PM 20023109 ER PT J AU Dassanayake, RP Call, DR Sawant, AA Casavant, NC Weiser, GC Knowles, DP Srikumaran, S AF Dassanayake, Rohana P. Call, Douglas R. Sawant, Ashish A. Casavant, N. Carol Weiser, Glen C. Knowles, Donald P. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI Bibersteinia trehalosi Inhibits the Growth of Mannheimia haemolytica by a Proximity-Dependent Mechanism SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP; OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS; PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; DOMESTIC SHEEP; PNEUMONIA; LEUKOTOXIN; CONTACT; STRAINS; BACTERIOPHAGES; DIVERSITY AB Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica is the only pathogen that consistently causes severe bronchopneumonia and rapid death of bighorn sheep (BHS; Ovis canadensis) under experimental conditions. Paradoxically, Bibersteinia (Pasteurella) trehalosi and Pasteurella multocida have been isolated from BHS pneumonic lungs much more frequently than M. haemolytica. These observations suggest that there may be an interaction between these bacteria, and we hypothesized that B. trehalosi overgrows or otherwise inhibits the growth of M. haemolytica. Growth curves (monoculture) demonstrated that B. trehalosi has a shorter doubling time (similar to 10 min versus similar to 27 min) and consistently achieves 3-log higher cell density (CFU/ml) compared to M. haemolytica. During coculture M. haemolytica growth was inhibited when B. trehalosi entered stationary phase (6 h) resulting in a final cell density for M. haemolytica that was 6 to 9 logs lower than expected with growth in the absence of B. trehalosi. Coculture supernatant failed to inhibit M. haemolytica growth on agar or in broth, indicating no obvious involvement of lytic phages, bacteriocins, or quorum-sensing systems. This observation was confirmed by limited growth inhibition of M. haemolytica when both pathogens were cultured in the same media but separated by a filter (0.4-mu m pore size) that limited contact between the two bacterial populations. There was significant growth inhibition of M. haemolytica when the populations were separated by membranes with a pore size of 8 mu m that allowed free contact. These observations demonstrate that B. trehalosi can both outgrow and inhibit M. haemolytica growth with the latter related to a proximity-or contact-dependent mechanism. C1 [Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Weiser, Glen C.] Univ Idaho, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, Caldwell, ID USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ssrikumaran@vetmed.wsu.edu FU Foundation for North American Wild Sheep and its Eastern, Idaho, Oregon; Rocky Mountain Bighorn Society FX This research was supported by funds from the Foundation for North American Wild Sheep and its Eastern, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington chapters and by the Rocky Mountain Bighorn Society. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 76 IS 4 BP 1008 EP 1013 DI 10.1128/AEM.02086-09 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 552XS UT WOS:000274328900004 PM 20038698 ER PT J AU Ahn, HK Smith, MC Kondrad, SL White, JW AF Ahn, H. K. Smith, M. C. Kondrad, S. L. White, J. W. TI Evaluation of Biogas Production Potential by Dry Anaerobic Digestion of Switchgrass-Animal Manure Mixtures SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaerobic; Digestion; Animal manure; Switchgrass; Biogas; Renewable energy ID ORGANIC-SOLID WASTES; BIOENERGY; PERFORMANCES; CONSEQUENCES; DEGRADATION; REACTORS; AMMONIA AB Anaerobic digestion is a biological method used to convert organic wastes into a stable product for land application with reduced environmental impacts. The biogas produced can be used as an alternative renewable energy source. Dry anaerobic digestion [> 15% total solid (TS)] has an advantage over wet digestion (<10% TS) because it allows for the use of a smaller volume of reactor and because it reduces wastewater production. In addition, it produces a fertilizer that is easier to transport. Performance of anaerobic digestion of animal manure-switchgrass mixture was evaluated under dry (15% TS) and thermophilic conditions (55 C). Three different mixtures of animal manure (swine, poultry, and dairy) and switchgrass were digested using batch-operated 1-L reactors. The swine manure test units showed 52.9% volatile solids (VS) removal during the 62-day trial, while dairy and poultry manure test units showed 9.3% and 20.2%, respectively. Over the 62 day digestion, the swine manure test units yielded the highest amount of methane 0.337 L CH(4)/g VS, while the dairy and poultry manure test units showed very poor methane yield 0.028 L CH(4)/g VS and 0.002 L CH(4)/g VS, respectively. Although dairy and poultry manure performed poorly, they may still have high potential as biomass for dry anaerobic digestion if appropriate designs are developed to prevent significant volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation and pH drop. C1 [Ahn, H. K.; Smith, M. C.; Kondrad, S. L.; White, J. W.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ahn, HK (reprint author), ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, USDA, Bldg 306,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM heekwon.ahn@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 39 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 160 IS 4 BP 965 EP 975 DI 10.1007/s12010-009-8624-x PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 553WV UT WOS:000274398400001 PM 19462259 ER PT J AU Ehrhardt, MR Monz, TO Root, TW Connelly, RK Scott, CT Klingenberg, DJ AF Ehrhardt, M. R. Monz, T. O. Root, T. W. Connelly, R. K. Scott, C. T. Klingenberg, D. J. TI Rheology of Dilute Acid Hydrolyzed Corn Stover at High Solids Concentration SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Corn stover; Rheology; Yield stress; Viscosity; Acid hydrolysis ID FIBER SUSPENSIONS; YIELD-STRESS; ETHANOL; PRETREATMENT; SIMULATIONS; VISCOSITY; KINETICS; REACTOR AB The rheological properties of acid hydrolyzed corn stover at high solids concentration (20-35 wt.%) were investigated using torque rheometry. These materials are yield stress fluids whose rheological properties can be well represented by the Bingham model. Yield stresses increase with increasing solids concentration and decrease with increasing hydrolysis reaction temperature, acid concentration, and rheometer temperature. Plastic viscosities increase with increasing solids concentration and tend to decrease with increasing reaction temperature and acid concentration. The solids concentration dependence of the yield stress is consistent with that reported for other fibrous systems. The changes in yield stress with reaction conditions are consistent with observed changes in particle size. This study illustrates that torque rheometry can be used effectively to measure rheological properties of concentrated biomass. C1 [Ehrhardt, M. R.; Monz, T. O.; Root, T. W.; Klingenberg, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Ehrhardt, M. R.; Monz, T. O.; Root, T. W.; Klingenberg, D. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Rheol Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Connelly, R. K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Connelly, R. K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Scott, C. T.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Klingenberg, DJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM klingen@engr.wisc.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35504-17401] FX This project was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2006-35504-17401. NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 26 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 160 IS 4 BP 1102 EP 1115 DI 10.1007/s12010-009-8606-z PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 553WV UT WOS:000274398400013 PM 19333558 ER PT J AU McGarvey, JA Hamilton, SW DePeters, EJ Mitloehner, FM AF McGarvey, Jeffery A. Hamilton, Scott W. DePeters, Edward J. Mitloehner, Frank M. TI Effect of dietary monensin on the bacterial population structure of dairy cattle colonic contents SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dairy cattle waste; Monensin; 16S rRNA ID MILK-PRODUCTION; EARLY LACTATION; COWS; RUMEN; FERMENTATION; MICROORGANISMS; IONOPHORES; DIVERSITY; HOLSTEIN; PASTURE AB To determine the effect of monensin, a carboxylic polyether ionophore antibiotic, on the bacterial population structure of dairy cattle colonic contents, we fed six lactating Holstein cows a diet containing monensin (600 mg day(-1)) or an identical diet without monensin. Fresh waste samples were taken directly from the animals once a month for 3 months and assayed for their bacterial population structure via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In total 6,912 16S rRNA genes were examined, comprising 345 and 315 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the monensin fed and control animals, respectively. Coverage estimates of the OTUs identified were 87.6% for the monensin fed and 88.3% for the control colonic content derived library. Despite this high level of coverage, no significant difference was found between the libraries down to the genus level. Thus we concluded that although monensin is believed to increase milk production in dairy cattle by altering the bacterial population structure within the bovine gastrointestinal tract, we were unable to identify any significant difference in the bacterial population structure of the colonic contents of monensin fed vs. the control dairy cattle, down to the genus level. C1 [McGarvey, Jeffery A.] ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hamilton, Scott W.; DePeters, Edward J.; Mitloehner, Frank M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP McGarvey, JA (reprint author), ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Jeffery.mcgarvey@ars.usda.gov FU USDA, ARS FX The authors wish to thank Mr. Jeremy Lathrop for his assistance with 16S rRNA gene library construction and sequencing. This work was funded by the USDA, ARS. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 85 IS 6 BP 1947 EP 1952 DI 10.1007/s00253-009-2229-8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 548PJ UT WOS:000273978400029 PM 19784643 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS Oliveira, RS Kremer, RJ Constantin, J Yamada, T Castro, C Oliveira, FA Oliveira, A AF Zobiole, L. H. S. Oliveira, R. S., Jr. Kremer, R. J. Constantin, J. Yamada, T. Castro, C. Oliveira, F. A. Oliveira, A., Jr. TI Effect of glyphosate on symbiotic N-2 fixation and nickel concentration in glyphosate-resistant soybeans SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate; Nickel; Symbiosis; Photosynthesis; Glyphosate-resistant soybean ID AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; NITROGENASE ACTIVITY; PLANT-GROWTH; METABOLISM; CHLOROPHYLL; JAPONICUM; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; COMPLEXES; METER AB Decreased biological nitrogen fixation in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has been attributed directly to toxicity of glyphosate or its metabolites, to N-2-fixing microorganisms. As a strong metal chelator, glyphosate could influence symbiotic N-2 fixation by lowering the concentration of nickel (Ni) that is essential for the symbiotic microorganisms. Evaluation of different cultivars grown on different soil types at the State University of Maring, PR, Brazil during the summer 2008 revealed, significant decreases in photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance) and nickel content with glyphosate use (single or sequential application). This work demonstrated that glyphosate can influence the symbiotic N-2 fixation by lowering nickel content available to the symbiotic microorganisms. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zobiole, L. H. S.; Oliveira, R. S., Jr.; Constantin, J.] State Univ Maringa UEM, Dept Agron, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Kremer, R. J.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Yamada, T.] Agrinatura Consultancy, BR-13416901 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Castro, C.; Oliveira, F. A.; Oliveira, A., Jr.] Embrapa Soybean, BR-86001970 Londrina, Parana, Brazil. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), State Univ Maringa UEM, Dept Agron, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, Colombo Av 5790, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Oliveira, Fabio/A-1970-2013; Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 FU National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq) FX We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq) for the graduate scholarship and financial support. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 2 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.12.003 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 556TG UT WOS:000274614600010 ER PT J AU Rawles, SD Thompson, KR Brady, YJ Metts, LS Gannam, AL Twibell, RG Webster, CD AF Rawles, S. D. Thompson, K. R. Brady, Y. J. Metts, L. S. Gannam, A. L. Twibell, R. G. Webster, C. D. TI A comparison of two faecal collection methods for protein and amino acid digestibility coefficients of menhaden fish meal and two grades of poultry by-product meals for market-size sunshine bass (Morone chrysops x M-saxatilis) SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acid availability; digestibility; Morone; sunshine bass ID DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY; PRACTICAL DIETS; FEED INGREDIENTS; RAINBOW-TROUT; NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY; TOTAL REPLACEMENT; FECES COLLECTION; SOYBEAN-MEAL AB Apparent digestibility and availability coefficients for protein and amino acids in menhaden fish meal (MEN), pet-food grade (PBM-pet,) and feed-grade poultry by-product meal (PBM-feed) were determined for market-size (500 g) sunshine bass in two consecutive trials using passive netting (1.6 mm mesh) followed by manual stripping of faeces. A reference diet resembling a commercial feed was formulated to meet or exceed all known nutritional requirements of hybrid striped bass. Test diets were formulated to contain a 70 : 30 mixture of reference diet to test ingredient with chromic oxide (1%) serving as the inert marker. Diets were extruded under commercial conditions and the reference diet was fed for two weeks in order to acclimate fish to experimental conditions. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks containing 30 fish each. Fish were fed their respective diet twice daily to apparent satiation for two weeks, with faecal collections being conducted on the 7th and 14th day, in each trial. ADC values determined in the net method were highly variable and generally lower than ADCs obtained by stripping. Consistently lower and highly variable chromium concentrations were found in the net method faecal samples and suggest that marker loss relative to nutrient content, or dilution of marker with non-faecal matter, on the net collectors influenced results in that trial. In contrast, the standard errors of ADCs determined in the strip method were less than 5 percentage points in most cases. Protein digestibility ranged from a low of 51% (PBM-feed) to a high of 87% (PBM-pet) in the net method, and from a low of 80% (PBM-feed) to a high of 99% (MEN) in the strip method. With the exception of Lys, no differences in amino acid availabilities among diets were found in the net method. In the strip method, protein digestibility and amino acid availabilities in MEN were generally greater than those found in PBM-pet or PBM-feed, whereas ADCs were not significantly different between the two poultry by-products. Based on the conditions of the present study, net collection of faecal matter can not be recommended for determining the digestibility of nutrients in feed ingredients for market-size sunshine bass. Digestibility coefficients obtained by the strip method for feed and petfood grades poultry by-product were higher than those previously reported and will be facilitate more efficient and economical diet formulations for larger sunshine bass. C1 [Thompson, K. R.; Metts, L. S.; Webster, C. D.] Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Rawles, S. D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. [Brady, Y. J.] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Gannam, A. L.; Twibell, R. G.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA USA. RP Webster, CD (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Aquaculture Res Ctr, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. EM carl.webster@kysu.edu FU USDA Capacity Building; Kentucky State University; USDA [KYX-80-00-10A] FX The authors are grateful to Rebecca Jacobs (USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, Arkansas) for amino acid analysis, Daniel H. Yancey (ARC-KSU) for help in faecal collections, and N. Ann, N.I. Bulz, K.N. Dee, M.I. Key, B.R. Lee, E.M. Ma, B. Rett, Cathy Rhin, Re'Gie Smith, M.S. Tee, Sam Wise, Ashley Wimsatt, and D.R. Wynn for technical assistance. This research was partially funded by a USDA Capacity Building Grant to Kentucky State University and a USDA grant under agreement KYX-80-00-10A to Kentucky State University. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00643.x PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 541VR UT WOS:000273449600009 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Shelver, WL Atkinson, S Mellish, JA Li, QX AF Wang, Dongli Shelver, Weilin L. Atkinson, Shannon Mellish, Jo-Ann Li, Qing X. TI Tissue Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides and Potential Toxicity to Alaskan Northern Fur Seals Assessed Using PCBs Congener Specific Mode of Action Schemes SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; REFERENCE VALUES; PHOCA-VITULINA; HUMAN BLOOD; CONTAMINATION; MIXTURES; MILK; SEQUESTRATION; NEUROTOXICITY AB The fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) population has decreased in their primary breeding grounds in the Bering Sea; contamination is among suspected causes. Our goal was to better understand the extent of contamination of seal tissues with certain organochlorine compounds by measuring the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fur seal tissues from St. Paul Island, to gain a better perspective of tissue congener distribution and to evaluate the observed PCB levels against toxicologically significant levels for modes of action. Concentrations of 145 PCB congeners (a(145)PCBs) and 12 OCPs were measured with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry in 8 different tissues of 10 male northern fur seals. The mean concentrations of aOCPs [in ng/g lipid weight (lw)] were 1180 in blubber, 985 in the heart, 1007 in the liver, 817 in the kidney, 941 in muscle, 660 in reproductive tissues, 204 in the brain, and 322 in the lung. The mean concentrations of a(145)PCBs (in ng/g lw) were 823 in blubber, 777 in the liver, 732 in the heart, 646 in reproductive tissues, 638 in muscle, 587 in the kidney, 128 in the lung, and 74.3 in brain tissues. Concentrations of PCBs affecting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor expressed as total PCB toxic equivalents (aPCB-TEQs) ranged from 0.3 to 545 pg/g lw for the various tissues. The major contributors to aPCB-TEQs are CB-118 in muscle, brain, lung, kidney, and liver, CB-126 in blubber, and CB-118 and CB-126 equally in the heart and reproductive tissues. Concentrations of PCBs affecting Ca2+ homeostatsis expressed as the neurotoxic equivalent (NEQ) showed aPCB-NEQs ranged from 17.7 to 215 ng/g lw in all tissues. Although no composite measure of perturbation of thyroid function is available, sufficient amounts of congeners with high binding to the thyroxine transport system were present to warrant consideration of this mode of action in future studies. Analyses of 145 PCBs and mode of action evaluation suggest that PCB contamination could potentially exert an effect on the Alaskan northern fur seal population although the PCB concentrations have been decreasing in the fur seals over the last decade. C1 [Wang, Dongli; Li, Qing X.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Shelver, Weilin L.] ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon; Mellish, Jo-Ann] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon; Mellish, Jo-Ann] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. RP Li, QX (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Bioengn, 1955 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM qingl@hawaii.edu RI Wang, D/G-3379-2010 FU Alaska SeaLife Center; Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska FX The fur seal tissue samples were collected with the help of the Aleut Community of St. Paul Island Tribal Government Ecosystem Conservation Office. This study was supported in part by the Alaska SeaLife Center (contract to QXL). This work was also funded in part by the Pollock Conservation Cooperative Research Center (grant to JM & SA), School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska. However, the findings and conclusions presented by the authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of the Center or the University of Alaska. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 478 EP 488 DI 10.1007/s00244-009-9396-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 552SP UT WOS:000274314100023 PM 19789908 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Westfall, RD AF Millar, Constance I. Westfall, Robert D. TI Distribution and Climatic Relationships of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps) in the Sierra Nevada and Western Great Basin, USA; Periglacial Landforms as Refugia in Warming Climates SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROCK GLACIERS; MOUNTAINS; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; CA AB We used a rapid assessment to survey American pika (Ochotona princeps) populations and documented 420 pika site occurrences in southwestern U.S.A. These included 329 sites from the Sierra Nevada (SN), California; 67 from six southwestern Great Basin (swGB) ranges, California and Nevada; 16 from three central Great Basin ranges, Nevada; and 8 from the central Oregon Cascades. Of these, 67% were currently occupied, 27% modern (indirectly scored active), and 6% old. Sites were grouped into 148 denies, 88 regions, and 11 mountain ranges. Current elevations ranged from 1645 in (1827 m excluding Oregon) to 3887 m, extending the lower elevational range of the species at the study latitude. Sites were distributed on all slope aspects with a preference for north to easterly aspects, and without preference for substrate. Rock-ice-feature (RIF) till, notably rock-glacier and boulder-stream landforms, accounted for 83% of the sites. Climatic relationships from the PRISM model for the SN and swGB sites showed wide tolerance, with average precipitation 910 mm, average minimum temperature -3.9 degrees C, and average maximum temperature 8.7 degrees C. Average minimum temperatures for old sites were not significantly different from recent sites, whereas average maximum temperatures were significantly higher in old sites. Unusual features of RIF landforms make them important refugia for pikas as climates warm. In contrast to studies that document species vulnerability elsewhere, pikas in the SN and swGB appear to be thriving and tolerating a wide range of thermal environments. C1 [Millar, Constance I.; Westfall, Robert D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St,Western Annex Bldg, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM cmillar@fs.fed.us OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 40 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 40 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.1.76 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 568XW UT WOS:000275560500008 ER PT J AU Rhoades, C Elder, K Greene, E AF Rhoades, C. Elder, K. Greene, E. TI The Influence of an Extensive Dust Event on Snow Chemistry in the Southern Rocky Mountains SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DUST; SAHARAN DUST; HARMATTAN DUST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AEOLIAN DUST; ALPINE SOILS; DESERT DUST; FRONT RANGE; ICE CORE; COLORADO AB In mid-February 2006, windstorms in Arizona, Utah, and western Colorado generated a dust cloud that distributed a layer of dust across the surface of the snowpack throughout much of the Colorado Rockies; it remained visible throughout the winter. We compared the chemical composition of snowfall and snowpack collected during and after the dust deposition event with pre-event snow at 17 sites extending from central Colorado into southern Wyoming. The chemistry of dust-event snowfall and the post-event snowpack were compared to long-term wetfall precipitation and snowpack chemistry at the Fraser Experimental Forest (FEF). The pH of the snowpack formed during the dust event was 1.5 units higher, calcium was 10-fold higher, and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) was 100-fold higher than levels measured in either early or late-season snow. Elevated ANC was attributable to dust-derived increase in carbonate/bicarbonate ions, likely from soluble calcium carbonate inclusions in dust material. The single dust event contributed carbonate/bicarbonate-derived ANC equivalent to the sum of strong acids deposited during the entire winter at FEF. Effects appeared more pronounced at upper elevations and in the sparse forest near treeline, compared to densely forested lower elevation sites. Monthly snowpack solute analysis at FEF has not documented an event of similar magnitude during its 17-year period of record. The solute composition of post-event snow is similar to average Fraser streamwater, however. To assess the effect of dust on the timing and composition of water exported from high-elevation ecosystems, future work should consider both the contributions of eolian deposition on soil development, plant communities, and nutrient and water relations plus the impact of individual deposition events on snowpack chemistry and duration. C1 [Rhoades, C.; Elder, K.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Greene, E.] Colorado Avalanche Informat Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rhoades, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 West Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM crhoades@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 19 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 42 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1657/1938-4246-42.1.98 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 568XW UT WOS:000275560500010 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Cayan, D Riggan, P Schilling, S Dawson, P Tyree, M Wolden, L Tissell, R Preisler, H AF Bytnerowicz, Andrzej Cayan, Dan Riggan, Philip Schilling, Susan Dawson, Philip Tyree, Mary Wolden, Lynn Tissell, Robert Preisler, Haiganoush TI Analysis of the effects of combustion emissions and Santa Ana winds on ambient ozone during the October 2007 southern California wildfires SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Air pollution; Ozone; Wildland fires; Meteorology; Santa Ana winds ID WESTERN US; BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; INCREASE AB Combustion emissions and strong Santa Ana winds had pronounced effects on patterns and levels of ambient ozone (O(3)) in southern California during the extensive wildland fires of October 2007. These changes are described in detail for a rural receptor site, the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve, located among large fires in San Diego and Orange counties. In addition, O(3) changes are also described for several other air quality monitoring sites in the general area of the fires. During the first phase of the fires, strong, dry and hot northeasterly Santa Ana winds brought into the area clean continental air masses, which resulted in minimal diurnal O(3) fluctuations and a 72-h average concentration of 36.8 ppb. During the- second phase of the fires, without Santa Ana winds present and air filled with smoke, daytime O(3) concentrations steadily increased and reached 95.2 ppb while the lowest nighttime levels returned to similar to 0 ppb. During that period the 8-h daytime average O(3) concentration reached 78.3 ppb, which exceeded the federal standard of 75 ppb. After six days of fires, O(3) diurnal concentrations returned to pre-fire patterns and levels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bytnerowicz, Andrzej; Riggan, Philip; Schilling, Susan; Wolden, Lynn; Tissell, Robert] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Cayan, Dan; Tyree, Mary] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Preisler, Haiganoush] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM abytnerowicz@fs.fed.us RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 FU Joint Fire Science Program [05-31-03]; National Science Foundation FX We thank management of the Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve staff, including Mark Van Scoy and Pablo Bryant for assistance during air quality monitoring. Spencer Kawamoto and Douglas Alden at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U. C. San Diego, helped with meteorological observations and data processing. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ ready.htmi) used in this publication. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions that greatly helped in improving our manuscript. Study was partially funded by the Joint Fire Science Program Project No. 05-31-03. Support for meteorological observations at SMER was provided by the California Energy Commission through the California Climate Change Center, and real time transmission of the SMER observations was routed through the High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN) supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 44 IS 5 BP 678 EP 687 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.11.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 560VL UT WOS:000274931800009 ER PT J AU Roy, HE Brodie, EL Chandler, D Goettel, MS Pell, JK Wajnberg, E Vega, FE AF Roy, Helen E. Brodie, Eoin L. Chandler, Dave Goettel, Mark S. Pell, Judith K. Wajnberg, Eric Vega, Fernando E. TI Deep space and hidden depths: understanding the evolution and ecology of fungal entomopathogens SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Ecology; Evolution; Entomopathogenic fungi; Biological control; Tri-trophic interactions; Modelling; Rhizosphere; Endophytes; Behavioural ecology; Molecular tools ID DIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATIONS; PATHOGENS AB Entomopathogens are important natural enemies of many insect and mite species and as such have been recognised as providing an important ecosystem service. Indeed, fungal entomopathogens have been widely investigated as biological control agents of pest insects in attempts to improve the sustainability of crop protection. However, even though our understanding of the ecology of fungal entomopathogens has vastly increased since the early 1800s, we still require in-depth ecological research that can expand our scientific horizons in a manner that facilitates widespread adoption of these organisms as efficient biological control agents. Fungal entomopathogens have evolved some intricate interactions with arthropods, plants and other microorganisms. The full importance and complexity of these relationships is only just becoming apparent. It is important to shift our thinking from conventional biological control, to an understanding of an as yet unknown "deep space". The use of molecular techniques and phylogenetic analyses have helped us move in this direction, and have provided important insights on fungal relationships. Nevertheless, new techniques such as the PhyloChip and pyrosequencing might help us see beyond the familiar fields, into areas that could help us forge a new understanding of the ecology of fungal entomopathogens. C1 [Roy, Helen E.] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Brodie, Eoin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chandler, Dave] Univ Warwick, Warwick HRI, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. [Goettel, Mark S.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. [Pell, Judith K.] Rothamsted Res, Dept Plant & Invertebrate Ecol, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Wajnberg, Eric] INRA, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roy, HE (reprint author), NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. EM Hele@ceh.ac.uk RI Wajnberg, Eric/A-4862-2009; Roy, Helen/A-1488-2010; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; OI Wajnberg, Eric/0000-0002-6700-7114; Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 FU Natural Environment Research Council; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs of the United Kingdom; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom (BBSRC) FX The Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Study and Conference Center in Italy hosted the June 2008 meeting Entomopathogenic fungi in sustainable agriculture: use against insects and beyond (organised by F. E. Vega and M. S. Goettel). This meeting was the inspiration for this special edition and we express our sincere gratitude to the staff at The Rockefeller Foundation and at the Bellagio Study and Conference Centre. HER is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council. JKP is supported by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs of the United Kingdom (Defra) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom (BBSRC). Rothamsted Research is an Institute of BBSRC. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9244-7 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 541UF UT WOS:000273445500001 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ AF Bruck, Denny J. TI Fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Metarhizium anisopliae; Beauveria bassiana; Fungal ecology; Rhizosphere competent ID ENDOPHYTIC BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; INDUCED PLANT VOLATILES; BLACK VINE WEEVIL; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; SYSTEMIC RELEASE; PARASITIC WASPS; GENETIC GROUPS; HERBIVORE AB The ecology of fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere is an understudied area of insect pathology. The rhizosphere is the region of soil in which the release of root exudates influences the soil microbiota, and may provide a favorable environment for fungal entomopathogens. The objective of this review is to bring together the relatively scant data available to date on the subject of fungal entomopathogens colonizing the rhizosphere and to highlight the importance of these findings. Gaining a better understanding of the ecology of fungal entomopathogens in the rhizosphere will help in the development of successful microbial control strategies against root-feeding insect pests. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Denny.Bruck@ars.usda.gov NR 72 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9236-7 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 541UF UT WOS:000273445500008 ER PT J AU Ownley, BH Gwinn, KD Vega, FE AF Ownley, Bonnie H. Gwinn, Kimberly D. Vega, Fernando E. TI Endophytic fungal entomopathogens with activity against plant pathogens: ecology and evolution SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Review DE Beauveria bassiana; Fungal endophyte; Hypocreales; Induced systemic resistance; Lecanicillium; Mycoparasite; Trichoderma ID CUCUMBER POWDERY MILDEW; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; HOST-DEFENSE REACTIONS; VERTICILLIUM-LECANII; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; MUSCODOR-ALBUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA AB Dual biological control, of both insect pests and plant pathogens, has been reported for the fungal entomopathogens, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and Lecanicillium spp. (Ascomycota: Hypocreales). However, the primary mechanisms of plant disease suppression are different for these fungi. Beauveria spp. produce an array of bioactive metabolites, and have been reported to limit growth of fungal plant pathogens in vitro. In plant assays, B. bassiana has been reported to reduce diseases caused by soilborne plant pathogens, such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Fusarium. Evidence has accumulated that B. bassiana can endophytically colonize a wide array of plant species, both monocots and dicots. B. bassiana also induced systemic resistance when endophytically colonized cotton seedlings were challenged with a bacterial plant pathogen on foliage. Species of Lecanicillium are known to reduce disease caused by powdery mildew as well as various rust fungi. Endophytic colonization has been reported for Lecanicillium spp., and it has been suggested that induced systemic resistance may be active against powdery mildew. However, mycoparasitism is the primary mechanism employed by Lecanicillium spp. against plant pathogens. Comparisons of Beauveria and Lecanicillium are made with Trichoderma, a fungus used for biological control of plant pathogens and insects. For T. harzianum Rifai (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), it has been shown that some fungal traits that are important for insect pathogenicity are also involved in biocontrol of phytopathogens. C1 [Ownley, Bonnie H.; Gwinn, Kimberly D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Vega, Fernando E.] ARS, Sustainable Perennial Crops Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ownley, BH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr,205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bownley@utk.edu; kgwinn@utk.edu; fernando.vega@ars.usda.gov OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 115 TC 82 Z9 97 U1 13 U2 124 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 EI 1573-8248 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9241-x PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 541UF UT WOS:000273445500009 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Dunlap, CA Jaronski, ST AF Jackson, Mark A. Dunlap, Christopher A. Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Ecological considerations in producing and formulating fungal entomopathogens for use in insect biocontrol SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Review DE Biocontrol; Fungi; Fermentation; Formulation; Conidia; Blastospores; Sclerotia; Mycoinsecticides ID LIQUID CULTURE PRODUCTION; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE CONIDIA; AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM ACARI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENTS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; PAECILOMYCES-FUMOSOROSEUS; SUBMERGED CONIDIA; COLLETOTRICHUM-TRUNCATUM; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA AB Insect pests persist in a wide-variety of agricultural, arboreal and urban environments. Effective control with fungal entomopathogens using inundation biocontrol requires an understanding of the ecology of the target insect, fungal pathogen, and the insect-pathogen interaction. Historically, the development of production and formulation processes for biocontrol fungi has primarily focused on reducing costs by maximizing the yield of infective propagules, increasing storage stability, and improving product form for ease of application. These goals are critical for commercialization but are often in conflict with environmental and ecological considerations. Critical parameters for selecting a fungal pathogen for use in inundation biocontrol include the cost-effective production of a stable, infective propagule that is suited for use in the environment where the insect must be controlled. Production processes can be manipulated nutritionally and environmentally to produce efficacious propagules or to direct fungal differentiation to propagule forms that may be better suited for use in specific environments. Formulation development must also consider ecological and environmental factors to maximize biocontrol efficacy. A basic understanding of the surface chemistries of the fungal propagule and insect, the interactions between a fungal propagule and the insect cuticle that lead to infection, and the impact of the environment on this interaction can aid in the development of effective formulations. C1 [Jackson, Mark A.; Dunlap, Christopher A.] Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Jaronski, Stefan T.] USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Pest Management Res Unit, Sydney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM mark.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 143 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 58 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 129 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9240-y PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 541UF UT WOS:000273445500010 ER PT J AU Jaronski, ST AF Jaronski, Stefan T. TI Ecological factors in the inundative use of fungal entomopathogens SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Review DE Metarhizium; Beauveria; Persistence; Efficacy; UV; Humidity; Temperature; Phylloplane; Soil ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA CONIDIA; METARHIZIUM-FLAVOVIRIDE CONIDIA; INSECT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA LARVAE; MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; IN-VITRO GERMINATION; TARNISHED PLANT BUG; IMPORTED FIRE ANT; CITRUS RUST MITE AB Fungal entomopathogens have been developed in numerous countries as biocontrol agents with more than 100 mycoinsecticide products commercially available in 2006. The chief, perhaps sole, use of these mycoinsecticides has been as inundative agents, within a chemical paradigm. Large numbers of propagules are applied in an attempt to overwhelm by brute force many of the factors that keep a pathogen in nonepizootic equilibrium with its host. This review attempts to summarize what we know about the abiotic and biotic factors that affect the efficacy of these mycoinsecticides in both foliar and soil applications. Sunlight, humidity, temperature, and phylloplane-associated factors can affect both immediate efficacy and persistence on plants. Likewise, soil texture-moisture interactions, temperature, and a host of biotic factors can affect mycoinsecticides in the soil. Despite much research, our understanding of these ecological aspects is imperfect, especially in a holistic, dynamic sense. C1 ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sydney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jaronski, ST (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sydney, MT 59270 USA. EM stefan.jaronski@ars.usda.gov NR 202 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 62 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 1 BP 159 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s10526-009-9248-3 PG 27 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 541UF UT WOS:000273445500012 ER PT J AU Eaton, RW Sandusky, P AF Eaton, Richard W. Sandusky, Peter TI Biotransformations of ( plus /-)-geosmin by terpene-degrading bacteria SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Geosmin; Biotransformation; Terpene; Pseudomonas; Rhodococcus wratislaviensis ID GEOSMIN; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; BIODEGRADATION; REMOVAL; MIB; IDENTIFICATION; SUBSTANCES; WATER AB Two terpene-degrading bacteria able to transform (+/-)-geosmin have been identified. Pseudomonas sp. SBR3-tpnb, following growth on gamma-terpinene, converts (+/-)-geosmin to several products; the major products are ketogeosmins. Rhodococcus wratislaviensis DLC-cam, isolated on d-camphor, also converts (+/-)-geosmin to several oxidation products, primarily ketogeosmins identical to those produced by strain SBR3-tpnb as well as hydroxygeosmins. This conversion appears to be inducible by (+/-)-geosmin and not by d-camphor. C1 [Eaton, Richard W.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Sandusky, Peter] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Eaton, RW (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM richard.eaton@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD FEB PY 2010 VL 21 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1007/s10532-009-9282-y PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 536ZO UT WOS:000273082700007 PM 19578827 ER PT J AU Andorf, CM Lawrence, CJ Harper, LC Schaeffer, ML Campbell, DA Sen, TZ AF Andorf, Carson M. Lawrence, Carolyn J. Harper, Lisa C. Schaeffer, Mary L. Campbell, Darwin A. Sen, Taner Z. TI The Locus Lookup tool at MaizeGDB: identification of genomic regions in maize by integrating sequence information with physical and genetic maps SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB Methods to automatically integrate sequence information with physical and genetic maps are scarce. The Locus Lookup tool enables researchers to de. ne windows of genomic sequence likely to contain loci of interest where only genetic or physical mapping associations are reported. Using the Locus Lookup tool, researchers will be able to locate specific genes more efficiently that will ultimately help them develop a better maize plant. With the availability of the well-documented source code, the tool can be easily adapted to other biological systems. C1 [Andorf, Carson M.; Lawrence, Carolyn J.; Campbell, Darwin A.; Sen, Taner Z.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Sacramento, CA USA. [Lawrence, Carolyn J.; Sen, Taner Z.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Bioinformat & Computat Biol Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Harper, Lisa C.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Harper, Lisa C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schaeffer, Mary L.] ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Sacramento, CA USA. [Schaeffer, Mary L.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Sen, TZ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Sacramento, CA USA. FU US Department of Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service FX US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 434 EP 436 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp556 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 553CP UT WOS:000274342800029 PM 20124413 ER PT J AU Flaspohler, DJ Giardina, CP Asner, GP Hart, P Price, J Lyons, CK Castaneda, X AF Flaspohler, David J. Giardina, Christian P. Asner, Gregory P. Hart, Patrick Price, Jonathan Lyons, Cassie Ka'apu Castaneda, Xeronimo TI Long-term effects of fragmentation and fragment properties on bird species richness in Hawaiian forests SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Acacia koa; Area-sensitivity; Exotic birds; Hawaiian mid-elevation forests; Honeycreepers; Kipuka; LiDAR; Metrosideros polymorpha; Natural fragmentation ID ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; HABITAT EDGES; RAIN-FOREST; ISLAND SIZE; LAVA FLOWS; AREA; DEFORESTATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; RESTORATION; SUCCESSION AB Forest fragmentation is a common disturbance affecting biological diversity, yet the impacts of fragmentation on many forest processes remain poorly understood. Forest restoration is likely to be more successful when it proceeds with an understanding of how native and exotic vertebrates utilize forest patches of different size. We used a system of forest fragments isolated by volcanic activity 153 years ago in Hawaii to examine how long-term fragmentation, as well as fragment size and structural features affect the richness of native and exotic bird species. The total number of bird species increased rapidly with forest fragment size, with most of the native species pool found in patches <3 ha. Smaller fragments were dominated by native bird species with several exotic bird species found only in the largest fragments, suggesting that exotic bird species in this landscape show greater area-sensitivity than native species. We used airborne scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to assess whether fragment area was correlated with estimates of fragment vegetation volume as well as measures of tree height. Fragment area was highly correlated with vegetation volume, maximum tree height, and canopy height heterogeneity, and these variables were strong predictors of bird richness, demonstrating that remote sensing can provide key insights into the relationship between fragment structural attributes and biodiversity indicators. Overall, this work demonstrates the value of conserving small remnant mid-elevation forest patches for native birds in Hawaii. This work also provides insight into how newly created forest patches might be used by native and exotic bird species in Hawaii. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Flaspohler, David J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Studies, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Giardina, Christian P.] US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Hilo, HI USA. [Asner, Gregory P.] Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Hart, Patrick] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Price, Jonathan] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geog, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Lyons, Cassie Ka'apu] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Castaneda, Xeronimo] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Dept Biol, Monterey, CA USA. RP Flaspohler, DJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Studies, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM djflaspo@mtu.edu RI Giardina, Christian/C-3120-2011; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Giardina, Christian/0000-0002-3431-5073; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 FU Michigan Technological University; Pacific Southwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service; NASA [NNG-06-GI-87G]; NSF FX We thank J. Haraguchi for assistance with field data collection: D. Knapp, T. Kennedy-Bowdoin, M. Eastwood, J. Jacobson, P. Gardner, S. Lundeen, C. Sarture, and R. Green for airborne data collection support. We thank J. Denslow for discussions about study design and fragmentation. This work was supported by Michigan Technological University, the Pacific Southwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service, NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program-Biodiversity grant NNG-06-GI-87G, and the NSF funded Research Experience for Undergraduate Program in the University of Hawaii at Hilo Pacific Internship Programs for Exploring Science. The Carnegie Airborne Observatory is made possible by the W.M. Keck Foundation and William Hearst III. NR 52 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 10 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 143 IS 2 BP 280 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.009 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558QW UT WOS:000274761000002 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ Caesar, T Maathuis, MH AF Caesar, A. J. Caesar, TheCan Maathuis, Marloes H. TI Pathogenicity, characterization and comparative virulence of Rhizoctonia spp. from insect-galled roots of Lepidium draba in Europe SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Invasive species; Comparative virulence; Multitrophic interaction; Survival analysis; Insect-pathogen interactions; Negative feedback; Invasive weeds; Interval-censored survival analysis ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; DISEASE-PROGRESS-CURVE; LEAFY SPURGE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTHERN PLAINS; HOARY CRESS; FUSARIUM; ANASTOMOSIS; CABBAGE; IDENTIFICATION AB The association of Rhizoctonia spp. with insect-damaged and diseased tissue of the invasive perennial Lepidium draba was documented throughout the range of L. draba that was surveyed in Europe, including Hungary, Austria, Switzerland and France. Samples that could be both maintained under cooled conditions after collection and promptly processed consistently yielded Rhizoctonia solani, 11 isolates of which anastomosed with AG-4, one with AG-2-1 and one isolate was determined to be binucleate. Comparative virulence among the isolates was analyzed using nonparametric survival analysis for interval-censored data. This analysis indicated that there were significant differences among the isolates. These findings provide further evidence that both root-attacking insects and soilborne pathogens are associated with the lower density of a perennial invasive species in its native range. Prioritization of prospective biocontrol agents should include the ability to engage in insect/plant pathogen synergisms. The application of nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation to interval-censored data for the assessment of comparative virulence among several strains of a plant pathogen is more accessible than calculation of the area under the disease progress curve. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Caesar, A. J.] ARS, USDA, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Caesar, TheCan] ARS, USDA, Agr Syst Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Maathuis, Marloes H.] ETH, Dept Math, Seminar Stat, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pest Management Res Unit, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM caesara@sidney.ars.usda.gov OI Maathuis, Marloes/0000-0002-3398-9893 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.10.006 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 546AN UT WOS:000273779500008 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Duan, JJ Bauer, LS AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Duan, Jian J. Bauer, Leah S. TI Interactions between Spathius agrili (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), larval parasitoids of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Competitive exclusion; Invasive; Exotic; Multiparasitism; Multiple-species introductions ID EMERALD ASH BORER; NATURAL ENEMIES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CHINA AB Three hymenopteran parasitoids native to China are being released in the United States as biological control agents for the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, an Asian buprestid species responsible for mortality of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. Two of these hymenopterans, Spathius agrili Yang (Braconidae), a larval ectoparasitoid, and Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), a larval endoparasitoid, prefer late-instar EAB larvae. This overlapping host preference raises concerns that interspecific competition following field releases may compromise establishment of one or both species. In a series of laboratory and field experiments, we found S. agrili and T. planipennisi exhibited similar parasitism rates when presented alone with EAB larvae for 12-14 days. However, S. agrili was more efficient at locating and parasitizing hosts within the first 27 h, possibly explaining why S. agrili excluded T. planipennisi in the laboratory trials and nearly excluded T. planipennisi in field trials when the two species were presented together with EAB larvae. We found that S. agrili parasitized larvae previously parasitized by T. planipennisi but not the reverse. However, S. agrili offspring failed to complete development on hosts that were previously parasitized by T. planipennisi. We recommend releasing these species separately in time or space to avoid the antagonistic interactions observed in this study. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Bauer, Leah S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Duan, Jian J.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insects Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Bauer, Leah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com NR 11 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 2 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.10.017 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 546AN UT WOS:000273779500015 ER PT J AU Massey, MS Ippolito, JA Davis, JG Sheffield, RE AF Massey, Michael S. Ippolito, James A. Davis, Jessica G. Sheffield, Ron E. TI Macroscopic and microscopic variation in recovered magnesium phosphate materials: Implications for phosphorus removal processes and product re-use SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Struvite; Dittmarite; Phosphorus; Recovery; Wastewater treatment ID BED STRUVITE CRYSTALLIZERS; WASTE-WATER; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE; ANAEROBIC SUPERNATANT; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; PRECIPITATION; FERTILIZER; CALCIUM; MANURE; KINETICS AB Phosphorus (P) recovery and re-use will become increasingly important for water quality protection and sustainable nutrient cycling as environmental regulations become stricter and global P reserves decline. The objective of this study was to examine and characterize several magnesium phosphates recovered from actual wastewater under field conditions. Three types of particles were examined including crystalline magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite) recovered from dairy wastewater. crystalline magnesium ammonium phosphate hydrate (dittmarite) recovered from a food processing facility, and a heterogeneous product also recovered from dairy wastewater. The particles were analyzed using "wet" chemical techniques, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The struvite crystals had regular and consistent shape, size. and structure, and SEM-EDS analysis clearly showed the struvite crystals as a surface precipitate on calcium phosphate seed material. In contrast, the dittmarite crystals showed no evidence of seed material, and were not regular in size or shape. The XRD analysis identified no crystalline magnesium phosphates in the heterogeneous product and indicated the presence of sand particles. However, magnesium phosphate precipitates on calcium phosphate seed material were observed in this product under SEM-EDS examination. These substantial variations in the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of magnesium phosphates recovered under field conditions could affect their potential for beneficial re-use and underscore the need to develop recovery processes that result in a uniform, consistent product. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davis, Jessica G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Massey, Michael S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Environm Earth Syst Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ippolito, James A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Sheffield, Ron E.] Louisiana State Univ, AgCtr, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Davis, JG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Jessica.Davis@ColoState.edu RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 FU United States Natural Resources Conservation Service; Farm Pilot Project Coordination, Inc.; Applied Chemical Magnesias Corp. FX The authors would like to thank the United States Natural Resources Conservation Service, Farm Pilot Project Coordination, Inc., and Applied Chemical Magnesias Corp. for financial support. Thanks also to Dr. Keith E. Bowers of Multiform Harvest, Inc. for providing recovered struvite crystals. Additionally, we are grateful to Dr. Wendy Harrison at the Colorado School of Mines and Dr. Sandeep Kohli at Colorado State University for their assistance with XRD analysis. Finally, thanks to Dr. Patrick McCurdy at Colorado State University for his patience and assistance with SEM-EDS analysis. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 101 IS 3 BP 877 EP 885 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.110 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 518BJ UT WOS:000271664600007 PM 19793651 ER PT J AU Matthews, KR Preisler, HK AF Matthews, Kathleen R. Preisler, Haiganoush K. TI Site fidelity of the declining amphibian Rana sierrae (Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY; FISH INTRODUCTIONS; SURVIVAL; MUSCOSA; MOVEMENT; SNOW; MARK; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA AB From 1997 to 2006, we used mark-recapture models to estimate the site fidelity of 1250 Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frogs (Rana sierrae) in Kings Canyon National Park, California, USA, during their three main activity periods of overwintering, breeding, and feeding. To quantify site fidelity, the tendency to return to and reuse previously occupied habitats, we used multistrata models (with water bodies as the strata) and potential function analyses. The probability of returning to previously used water bodies during all activity periods was typically greater than 80% and always greater than the probability of moving to other water bodies. Site fidelity models (with lake-specific movement transitions) were favored over those models that held movement transitions equal between lakes. Potential function analyses demonstrated that frogs were most strongly attracted to their original capture lakes rather than moving to the nearest available breeding or overwintering lake. Under current disturbances in high-elevation Sierra Nevada lakes (exotic trout, Climate change), site fidelity is problematic because frogs return to lakes subject to drying or those with fish rather than dispersing to other lakes. Future recovery of declining species will need to focus efforts towards restoring habitats when animals maintain strong site fidelity even when their habitats deteriorate. C1 [Matthews, Kathleen R.; Preisler, Haiganoush K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Matthews, KR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Box 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM kmatthews@fs.fed.us RI Matthews, Kathleen/G-8773-2012 NR 51 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 67 IS 2 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1139/F09-172 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 553FU UT WOS:000274352400003 ER PT J AU Falkowski, MJ Hudak, AT Crookston, NL Gessler, PE Uebler, EH Smith, AMS AF Falkowski, Michael J. Hudak, Andrew T. Crookston, Nicholas L. Gessler, Paul E. Uebler, Edward H. Smith, Alistair M. S. TI Landscape-scale parameterization of a tree-level forest growth model: a k-nearest neighbor imputation approach incorporating LiDAR data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-RETURN LIDAR; VEGETATION SIMULATOR; INVENTORY DATA; BASAL AREA; ATTRIBUTES; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; CLASSIFICATION; PREDICTION; DENSITY AB Sustainable forest management requires timely, detailed forest inventory data across large areas, which is difficult to obtain via traditional forest inventory techniques. This study evaluated k-nearest neighbor imputation models incorporating LiDAR data to predict tree-level inventory data (individual tree height. diameter at breast height, and species) across a 12 100 ha study area in northeastern Oregon, USA. The primary objective was to provide spatially explicit data to parameterize the Forest Vegetation Simulator, a tree-level forest growth model. The final imputation model utilized LiDAR-derived height measurements and topographic variables to spatially predict tree-level forest inventory data When compared with an independent data set, the accuracy of forest inventory metrics was high, the root mean square difference of imputed basal area and stem volume estimates were 5 m(2) ha(-1) and 16 m(3).ha(-1), respectively However, the error of imputed forest Inventory metrics incorporating small trees (e g, quadratic mean diameter, tree density) was considerably higher. Forest Vegetation Simulator growth projections based upon imputed forest inventory data follow trends similar to growth projections based upon independent inventory data. This study represents a significant Improvement in our capabilities to predict detailed, tree-level forest inventory data across large areas, which could ultimately lead to more informed forest management practices and policies C1 [Falkowski, Michael J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hudak, Andrew T.; Crookston, Nicholas L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Gessler, Paul E.; Smith, Alistair M. S.] Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Uebler, Edward H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, John Day, OR 97845 USA. RP Falkowski, MJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM mjfalkow@mtu.edu RI Smith, Alistair/I-3162-2014 OI Smith, Alistair/0000-0003-0071-9958 FU USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow Forest Sciences Laboratory [RJVA-11222063-299]; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory [RJVA-11222048-140]; NASA Synergy program; University of Idaho's Geospatial Laboratory for Environmental Dynamics FX This work was primarily supported through Agenda 2020's sustainable forestry initiative via a grant provided by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow Forest Sciences Laboratory (RJVA-11222063-299). The authors also acknowledge additional sources of funding that supported this work, including the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory (RJVA-11222048-140), the NASA Synergy program, and the University of Idaho's Geospatial Laboratory for Environmental Dynamics. Data acquisition was funded by the USDA Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station and the Malheur National Forest. NR 44 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 184 EP 199 DI 10.1139/X09-183 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 572HU UT WOS:000275819500002 ER PT J AU Dodds, KJ de Groot, P Orwig, DA AF Dodds, Kevin J. de Groot, Peter Orwig, David A. TI The impact of Sirex noctilio in Pinus resinosa and Pinus sylvestris stands in New York and Ontario SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SIRICID WOODWASPS; TREE VIGOR; BEETLE; HYMENOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; PLANTATIONS; SCOLYTIDAE; RESISTANCE AB Sirex noctilio Fabricius has a long history as an invasive insect species in pine plantations throughout the Southern Hemisphere and has been recently discovered in North America, where it is uncertain how this insect will behave in pine ecosystems To assess the impact and attack behavior of S. noctilio, forest surveys and measurements from attacked and unattacked trees were taken in nine Pinus resinosa Alt. and Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in New York, USA, and Ontario, Canada There was a trend of S noctilio attacking suppressed trees with smaller live crowns and reduced growth Some S noctilio attacks were also found in dominant crown classes but at a lower rate than overtopped or intermediate classes. Strex noctilio appeared to have more of an impact in P. sylvestris forests, as they attacked more stems (9%-18%) and higher basal area (16-55 m(2)/ha) than P. restinosa stands (3%-8% of stems and 0.4-24 m(2)/ha) Dead trees with signs of Siricidae and dead from other causes were also quantified. and in some P restinosa stands, levels were greater in magnitude than S noctilio losses. Data from this study suggest that silvicultural treatments should be a key component of integrated pest management plans for S noctilio C1 [Dodds, Kevin J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [de Groot, Peter] Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forest Serv, Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Orwig, David A.] Harvard Univ, Petersham, MA 01366 USA. RP Dodds, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Area State & Private Forestry, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. FU USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry [08-CA-11420004]; Invasive Alien Species program of Natural Resources Canada FX The authors wish to thank Garret Dubois (US Forest Service) and Reginald Nott (Canadian Forest Service) for assistance conducting field surveys, Kelley Zylstra (USDA APHIS PPQ) for assistance locating study sites in New York, and the landowners of infested stands that allowed access to study sites. Part of this research was funded by a grant from the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (cooperative agreement 08-CA-11420004) and the Invasive Alien Species program of Natural Resources Canada. NR 46 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 26 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 212 EP 223 DI 10.1139/X09-181 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 572HU UT WOS:000275819500004 ER PT J AU Clinton, BD Vose, JM Knoepp, JD Elliott, KJ Reynolds, BC Zarnoch, SJ AF Clinton, Barton D. Vose, James M. Knoepp, Jennifer D. Elliott, Katherine J. Reynolds, Barbara C. Zarnoch, Stanley J. TI Can structural and functional characteristics be used to identify riparian zone width in southern Appalachian headwater catchments? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; PLANT DIVERSITY; FOOD WEBS; FOREST; SOIL; VEGETATION; ECOSYSTEM; NITROGEN AB We characterized structural and functional attributes along hillslope gradients in headwater catchments We endeavored to identify parameters that described significant transitions along the hillslope On each of four catchments, we installed eight 50 m transects perpendicular to the stream. Structural attributes included woody and herbaceous vegetation: woody debris and forest floor mass. nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), total soil C and N. litterfall amount and quality by species: and microclimatic conditions Functional attributes included litter decomposition, soil microarthropods. soil CO(2) evolution, soil solution chemistry, and soil extractable N Forest floor mass, N and C, and soil depth increased with distance from the stream and transitioned between 10 and 20 m In contrast, litterfall N rate (kilograms of nitrogen per hectare per day), downed woody debris, soil A-horizon C and N. and soil solution NO(3) concentration all decreased with distance, and exhibited significant transitions. Certain overstory species were more abundant in the uplands than near the stream Herbaceous diversity and richness were similar across the hillslope, but species distributions varied in response to hillslope moisture content. Taken together, these results suggest that at 10-20 m from the stream, transitions occur that separate riparian from upland conditions and may provide valuable insight into riparian zone definition C1 [Clinton, Barton D.; Vose, James M.; Knoepp, Jennifer D.; Elliott, Katherine J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. [Reynolds, Barbara C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Studies, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Zarnoch, Stanley J.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. RP Clinton, BD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. EM bclinton@fs.fed.us FU National Science Foundation [DEB 0218001, R551-209/6330957]; USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station; Region 8 of the USDA Forest Service FX This work was supported in part by the Coweeta LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) Program (National Science Foundation grants DEB 0218001 and R551-209/6330957), the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, and Region 8 of the USDA Forest Service. The authors would like to thank District Ranger Mike Wilkins and the staff of the Nantahala Ranger District of the Nantahala National Forest of western North Carolina for their cooperation in the conduct of this research. We also thank Dr. Diane De Stevens, Dr. Chelcy Ford, and Dr. Brian Palik for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture of any product or service. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 235 EP 253 DI 10.1139/X09-182 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 572HU UT WOS:000275819500006 ER PT J AU Slesak, RA Harrington, TB Schoenholtz, SH AF Slesak, Robert A. Harrington, Timothy B. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. TI Soil and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) foliar nitrogen responses to variable logging-debris retention and competing vegetation control in the Pacific Northwest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID MANAGED FOREST PLANTATIONS; LOBLOLLY-PINE PLANTATION; SITE PREPARATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SUSTAINED PRODUCTIVITY; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; 10-YEAR RESPONSES; HARVEST RESIDUES; NUTRIENT STATUS; UNITED-STATES AB Experimental treatments of logging-debris retention (0%, 40%, or 80% surface coverage) and competing vegetation control (initial or annual applications) were installed at two sites in the Pacific Northwest following clearcutting Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) stands to assess short-term effects on tree N acquisition, soil N supply, and total soil N. Vegetation control treatments began in the first year after harvest, and logging-debris manipulations were installed 2 years after harvest Annual vegetation control increased foliar N concentration and content in most years at both sites, which was associated with higher available soil N and increased soil water content Logging-debris retention treatments had no detectable effect on any of the foliar variables or soil available N at either site There were no treatment effects on total soil N at the site with relatively high soil N. but total soil N increased with logging-debris retention when annual vegetation control was applied at the site with a low initial soil N pool. Competing vegetation control is an effective means to increase tree N acquisition in the initial years after planting while maintaining soil N pools critical to soil quality The effect of logging-debris retention on tree N acquisition appears to be limited during early years of stand development, but increased soil N with heavy debris retention at certain sites may be beneficial to tree growth in later years. C1 [Slesak, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Slesak, RA (reprint author), Minnesota Forest Resources Council, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. FU USDA Forest Service Research and Development; American Forest and Paper Association; Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This is a product of the Sustainable Forestry component of Agenda 2020, a Joint effort of the USDA Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association. Funds were provided by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. Research partners included Green Diamond Resource Company, Port Blakely Tree Farms LLC, Oregon State University, and Virginia Tech. NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 254 EP 264 DI 10.1139/X09-188 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 572HU UT WOS:000275819500007 ER PT J AU Koch, JL Carey, DW Mason, ME Nelson, CD AF Koch, Jennifer L. Carey, David W. Mason, Mary E. Nelson, C. Dana TI Assessment of beech scale resistance in full- and half-sibling American beech families SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID BARK DISEASE; FAGUS-GRANDIFOLIA; MAINE AB A beech bark disease infested American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and two uninfested trees were selected in a mature natural stand in Michigan. USA. and mated to form two full-sib families for evaluating the inheritance of resistance to beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.), the insect element of beech bark disease. Four half-sib families from both infested and uninfested trees were also evaluated for resistance. Using an artificial infestation technique, adult and egg count data were collected over 2 years and analyzed with generalized linear mixed methods to account for non-normal distributions of the response variables A significant effect for family was found for each variable Family least squares means were computed as a measure of resistance and repeatabilities were calculated to provide an upper limit estimate of broad-sense heritability The two families that ranked highest for resistance were the full-sib family from two estimate parents and the half-sib family from a stand where all diseased trees had been removed. Together, the results suggest that selection and breeding may be an effective means to improve populations for artificial regeneration, and silvicultural treatments may provide an effective management option for mitigating beech bark disease through managing the genetic composition of natural regeneration. C1 [Koch, Jennifer L.; Carey, David W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Mason, Mary E.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Koch, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM jkoch@fs.fed.us FU Special Technology Development Program of Forest Health Monitoring, USDA Forest Service FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Jany Chan, Bill Sickinger, and Donna Wilburn in carrying out this work. We also would like to thank Warren Mullen, Robert Heyd, and others from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources for all of their assistance in locating disease-free trees, assisting us in the field portion of this work, and allowing us access to study sites in Ludington State Park. We are indebted to Henry Trial of the Maine Department of Conservation for supplying us with the beech seed for the Maine open-pollinated family and Consumers Energy Company (Muskegon Heights, Michigan) for assistance in the use of their bucket truck. We thank the Holden Arboretum (Kirtland, Ohio) for the donation of space and volunteers to carry out the artificial infestation experiments and for their assistance in plant rearing and maintenance. We gratefully acknowledge Therese Poland (Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service) and Keith Woeste (Hardwood Tree Improvement Center, USDA Forest Service) for their critical review of a previous version of this manuscript This work was partially funded through a grant from the Special Technology Development Program of Forest Health Monitoring, USDA Forest Service. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 2 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1139/X09-189 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 572HU UT WOS:000275819500008 ER PT J AU Wang, H Flerchinger, GN Lemke, R Brandt, K Goddard, T Sprout, C AF Wang, H. Flerchinger, G. N. Lemke, R. Brandt, K. Goddard, T. Sprout, C. TI Improving SHAW long-term soil moisture prediction for continuous wheat rotations, Alberta, Canada SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Soil moisture; modeling; Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer-Cropping System Model; Simultaneous Heat and Water Model ID RED SPRING WHEAT; CERES-MAIZE MODEL; DSSAT CROP MODELS; WATER-BALANCE; REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; SIMULATION-MODELS; YIELD COMPONENTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; RESIDUE AB Wang, H., Flerchinger, G. N., Lemke, R., Brandt, K., Goddard, T. and Sprout, C. 2010. Improving SHAW long-term soil moisture prediction for continuous wheat rotations, Alberta, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 37-53. The Decision Support. System for Agrotechnology Transfer-Cropping System Model (DSSAT-CSM) is a widely used modeling package that often simulates wheat yield and biomass well. However, some previous studies reported that its simulation on soil moisture was not always satisfactory. On the other hand, the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model, a more sophisticated, hourly time step soil microclimate model, needs inputs of plant canopy development over time, which are difficult to measure in the field especially for a long-term period (longer than a year). The SHAW model also needs information on surface residue, but treats them as constants. In reality, however, surface residue changes continuously under the effect of tillage, rotation and environment. We therefore proposed to use DSSAT-CSM to simulate dynamics of plant growth and soil surface residue for input into SHAW, so as to predict soil water dynamics. This approach was tested using three conventionally tilled wheat rotations (continuous wheat, wheat-fallow and wheat-wheat-fallow) of a long-term cropping systems study located on a Thin Black Chernozemic clay loam near Three Hills, Alberta, Canada. Results showed that DSSAT-CSM often overestimated the drying of the surface layers in wheat rotations, but consistently overestimated soil moisture in the deep soil. This is likely due to the underestimation of root water extraction despite model predictions that the root system reached 80 cm. Among the eight growth/residue parameters simulated by DSSAT-CSM, root depth, leaf area index and residue thickness are the most influential characteristics on the simulation of soil moisture by SHAW. The SHAW model using DSSAT-CSM-simulated information significantly improved prediction of soil moisture at different depths and total soil water at 0-120 cm in all rotations with different phases compared with that simulated by DSSAT-CSM. C1 [Wang, H.; Lemke, R.; Brandt, K.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. [Flerchinger, G. N.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Goddard, T.; Sprout, C.] Alberta Agr Food & Rural Dev, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Box 1030, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. EM hong.wang@agr.gc.ca NR 90 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4271 EI 1918-1841 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 90 IS 1 BP 37 EP 53 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 565MN UT WOS:000275297600004 ER PT J AU Balachandran, A Harrington, NP Algire, J Soutyrine, A Spraker, TR Jeffrey, M Gonzalez, L O'Rourke, KI AF Balachandran, Aru Harrington, Noel P. Algire, James Soutyrine, Andrei Spraker, Terry R. Jeffrey, Martin Gonzalez, Lorenzo O'Rourke, Katherine I. TI Experimental oral transmission of chronic wasting disease to red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus): Early detection and late stage distribution of protease-resistant prion protein SO CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL-REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE LA English DT Article ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CAPTIVE MULE DEER; ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; SHEEP SCRAPIE; PRECLINICAL DIAGNOSIS; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; PRP GENOTYPES; ELK; NELSONI; VIRGINIANUS AB Chronic wasting disease (CWD), ail important emerging prion disease of cervids, is readily transmitted by intracerebral or oral inoculation from deer-to-deer and elk-to-elk, suggesting the latter is a natural route of exposure. Studies of host range susceptibility to oral infection, particularly of those species found in habitats where CWD currently exists are imperative. This report describes the experimental transmission of CWD to red deer following oral inoculation with infectious CWD material of elk origin. At 18 to 20 months post-inoculation, mild to moderate neurological signs and weight loss were observed and animals were euthanized and tested using, 3 conventional immunological assays. The data indicate that red deer are Susceptible to oral challenge and that tissues currently used for CWD diagnosis show strong abnormal prion (PrP(CWD)) accumulation. Widespread peripheral PrP(CWD) deposition involves lymphoreticular tissues, endocrine tissues, and cardiac Muscle and suggests a potential Source of prion infectivity, a means of horizontal transmission and carrier state. C1 [Balachandran, Aru; Harrington, Noel P.; Algire, James; Soutyrine, Andrei] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jeffrey, Martin; Gonzalez, Lorenzo] Vet Lab Agcy, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, Lasswade, Midlothian, Scotland. [O'Rourke, Katherine I.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. RP Balachandran, A (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM BalachandranA@inspection.gc.ca RI Gonzalez, Lorenzo/A-5325-2010; Jeffrey, Martin/D-2251-2009; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 OI Gonzalez, Lorenzo/0000-0003-4199-4526; FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency FX Funding for this study was provided by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0008-5286 J9 CAN VET J JI Can. Vet. J.-Rev. Vet. Can. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 555BU UT WOS:000274482800007 PM 20436863 ER PT J AU Lozano, N Rice, CP Ramirez, M Torrents, A AF Lozano, Nuria Rice, Clifford P. Ramirez, Mark Torrents, Alba TI Fate of triclosan in agricultural soils after biosolid applications SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Biosolid; Land-application; Soils; Triclosan ID PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; DEWATERED MUNICIPAL BIOSOLIDS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SEWAGE-TREATMENT; TREATMENT PLANTS; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; SURFACE WATERS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Triclosan (5-chloro-2-[2,4-dichloro-phenoxy]-phenol (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound that is added to a wide variety of household and personal care products. The consumer use of these products releases TCS into urban wastewater and this compound ends up in the environment when agricultural land is fertilized with wastewater biosolids. This study examines the occurrence of TCS in biosolids and its fate in biosolid-treated soils. TCS levels in biosolids generated from one repeatedly-sampled wastewater treatment plant averaged 15.6 +/- 0.6 mg kg(-1) dry wt. (mean +/- standard error) with a slight increase from 2005 to 2007. Surface soil samples were collected from several farms in northern Virginia, US that had received no biosolids, one biosolid application or multiple biosolid applications since 1992. Farm soils that received one application presented TCS concentrations between 4.1 and 4.5 ng g(-1) dry wt. when time since application was over 16 months and between 23.6 and 66.6 ng g(-1) dry wt. for farms where sampling time after application was less than a year. Our results suggest that TCS content of biosolids are rapidly dissipated (estimated half-life of 107.4 d) when applied to agricultural fields. Statistical differences were found (p < 0.05) for residual build-up of TCS between multiple-application farms (at least 480 d after application) and controls suggesting that there was a slight build-up of TCS, although the concentrations for these farms were low (<10 ng g(-1) dry wt.). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lozano, Nuria; Torrents, Alba] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lozano, Nuria; Rice, Clifford P.] ARS, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ramirez, Mark] DC Water & Sewer Author, DCWASA, Washington, DC 20032 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM alba@eng.umd.edu FU DC Water and Sewer Authority (DCWASA), Washington DC FX This study was supported by DC Water and Sewer Authority (DCWASA), Washington DC. The authors wish to thank the following people: Laura McConnell and Natasha Andrade for the overall design of the study and collecting samples, Jorge Loyo-Rosales for his encouragement and assistance with the analytical methods employed here and Krystyna Bialek for her technical support in the laboratory at USDA. NR 50 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD FEB PY 2010 VL 78 IS 6 BP 760 EP 766 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.043 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 561AA UT WOS:000274945900017 PM 19932914 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Whelan, AO Lyashchenko, KP Greenwald, R Palmer, MV Harris, BN Hewinson, RG Vordermeier, HM AF Waters, W. R. Whelan, A. O. Lyashchenko, K. P. Greenwald, R. Palmer, M. V. Harris, B. N. Hewinson, R. G. Vordermeier, H. M. TI Immune Responses in Cattle Inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium kansasii SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; BCG VACCINATION; INFECTION; ANTIGENS; PATHOLOGY; ABILITY; MODEL; MPB70; DIFFERENTIATION AB Cattle were inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium kansasii to compare the antigen-specific immune responses to various patterns of mycobacterial disease. Disease expression ranged from colonization with associated pathology ( M. bovis infection) and colonization without pathology ( M. tuberculosis infection) to no colonization or pathology ( M. kansasii infection). Delayed-type hypersensitivity and gamma interferon responses were elicited by each mycobacterial inoculation; however, the responses by the M. bovis- and M. tuberculosis-inoculated animals exceeded those of the M. kansasii-inoculated animals. Specific antibody responses were detected in all M. tuberculosis- and M. bovis- inoculated cattle 3 weeks after inoculation. From 6 to 16 weeks after M. tuberculosis inoculation, the antibody responses waned, whereas the responses persisted with M. bovis infection. With M. kansasii inoculation, initial early antibody responses waned by 10 weeks after inoculation and then increased 2 weeks after the injection of purified protein derivative for the skin test at 18 weeks after challenge. These findings indicate that antibody responses are associated with the antigen burden rather than the pathology, cellular immune responses to tuberculin correlate with infection but not necessarily with the pathology or bacterial burden, and exposure to mycobacterial antigens may elicit an antibody response in a presensitized animal. C1 [Waters, W. R.; Palmer, M. V.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Whelan, A. O.; Hewinson, R. G.; Vordermeier, H. M.] Vet Labs Agcy, Addlestone, Surrey, England. [Lyashchenko, K. P.; Greenwald, R.] Chembio Diagnost Syst Inc, New York, NY USA. [Harris, B. N.] Vet Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Vet Serv Lab,Mycobacteria & Brucella Sect, Ames, IA USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM ray.waters@ars.usda.gov RI Hewinson, Glyn/F-7077-2010; Whelan, Adam/C-9497-2011; Hewinson, Glyn/J-1902-2014; Vordermeier, H Martin/C-6936-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 FU Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), United Kingdom FX The studies performed at VLA were funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), United Kingdom. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1128/CVI.00442-09 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 549WN UT WOS:000274085200006 PM 20007361 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Broughton-Neiswanger, LE Gouine, KC White, SN Mousel, MR Lewis, GS Marshall, KL Knowles, DP AF Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. Broughton-Neiswanger, Liam E. Gouine, Kimberly C. White, Stephen N. Mousel, Michele R. Lewis, Gregory S. Marshall, Katherine L. Knowles, Donald P. TI Evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus/Maedi-Visna Virus Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in the Serological Diagnosis of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus in US Sheep SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALL-RUMINANT LENTIVIRUSES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HETEROGENEITY; ANTIBODIES; PCR AB A caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U. S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0% (+/- 5.8%) and 95.9% (+/- 2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity. C1 [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; White, Stephen N.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.; Broughton-Neiswanger, Liam E.; Gouine, Kimberly C.; White, Stephen N.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, Stephen N.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mousel, Michele R.; Lewis, Gregory S.] ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [Marshall, Katherine L.] Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 FU USDA-ARS [5348-32000-029-00D] FX This work was funded under USDA-ARS grant 5348-32000-029-00D. We thank Nic Durfee for technical assistance. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 2 BP 307 EP 310 DI 10.1128/CVI.00349-09 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 549WN UT WOS:000274085200016 PM 20016044 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S Asztalos, BF Howard, TD Reboussin, DM Horvath, KV Schaefer, EJ Herrington, DM AF Lamon-Fava, Stefania Asztalos, Bela F. Howard, Timothy D. Reboussin, David M. Horvath, Katalin V. Schaefer, Ernst J. Herrington, David M. TI Association of polymorphisms in genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism with plasma concentrations of remnant lipoproteins and HDL subpopulations before and after hormone therapy in postmenopausal women SO CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; HEPATIC LIPASE GENE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; HEART-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; LIPID-LEVELS; SERUM; ATHEROSCLEROSIS AB Objective A high degree of inter-individual variability in plasma lipid level response to hormone therapy (HT) has been reported. Variations in the oestrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) and in genes involved in lipid metabolism may explain some of the variability in response to HT. Subjects Postmenopausal Caucasian women (n = 208) participating in a placebo-controlled randomized trial of 3.2 years of hormone therapy (HT). Methods Plasma triglyceride (TG), remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and HDL subpopulations were assessed at baseline and at follow up. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ESR1 and in the ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase (LIPC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) genes were assessed for their association with baseline plasma levels and HT-related changes in levels of RLP-C and HDL subpopulations. Results Carriers of the ESR1 PvuII or IVS1-1505 variants had lower plasma TG concentrations and higher plasma HDL-C and alpha-1 and pre alpha-1 HDL particle levels at baseline and showed greater increases in HDL-C, apo A-I and alpha-1 particle levels after HT than wild-type carriers. Carriers of the N291S and D9N variants in the LPL gene had significantly higher remnant lipoproteins and lower alpha-2 HDL particle levels at baseline. The CETP TaqIB SNP was a significant determinant of baseline plasma HDL-C and HDL subpopulation profile. Conclusions Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ESR1, CETP and LPL had significant effects on baseline plasma levels of TG-rich and HDL subpopulations. With the exception of ESR1 SNPs, variation in genes involved in lipid metabolism has a very modest effect on lipoprotein response to HT. C1 [Lamon-Fava, Stefania; Asztalos, Bela F.; Horvath, Katalin V.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res, Lipid Metab Lab, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Howard, Timothy D.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Ctr Human Gen, Winston Salem, NC USA. [Reboussin, David M.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. [Herrington, David M.] Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med Cardiol, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res, Lipid Metab Lab, Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM stefania.lamon-fava@tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [R01 HL70081]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401] FX The authors thank Georgia Saylor for database construction and analyses. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute grant R01 HL70081 to S. L.-F., and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-4-401. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0300-0664 J9 CLIN ENDOCRINOL JI Clin. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 72 IS 2 BP 169 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03644.x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 545WI UT WOS:000273767300006 PM 19489872 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG Stoll, MJ Caperna, TJ AF Ramsay, T. G. Stoll, M. J. Caperna, T. J. TI Adipokine gene transcription level in adipose tissue of runt piglets SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adipose tissue; Cytokine; Adipokine; Neonate; Runt ID MIGRATION-INHIBITORY FACTOR; STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; IN-VITRO; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; LIPID-METABOLISM; FACTOR-ALPHA; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AB Runt piglets were used as a model for neonatal stress to test the hypothesis that stress during the pre-weaning period can alter adipokine gene transcription levels. Runts were selected by birth mass <1 kg and compared to littermates (controls) of mean litter weight Subcutaneous (SQ) and perirenal (PR) adipose tissues were collected at d1 (n = 5), V (n = 7) or d21 (n = 9) of age. Real time PCR was used to quantify mRNA abundance for: leptin, adiponectin, interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta), IL6, IL8, IL10, IL15, tumor necrosis factor alpha, haptoglobin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monocyte chemotactic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclophilin. Leptin and adiponectin mRNA abundance were lower,while IL1 beta, IL6, IL10 and MIF m RNA abundance were higher in SQ of runts than controls at d1 (P<0.05). Leptin, IL6, IL10, haptoglobin and MIF mRNA abundance were higher in PR from runts than controls at d7 (P<0.05) and MIF mRNA abundance was elevated by 30 fold in PR of runts at d21 (P<0.001). Thus, stressors affecting neonatal runts produce different responses in adipokine gene transcription by PR and SQ than in normal sized littermates. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Ramsay, T. G.; Stoll, M. J.; Caperna, T. J.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ramsay, TG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab,BARC E, Bldg 200,Rm 207, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM timothy.ramsay@ars.usda.gov NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 155 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.09.006 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 547YY UT WOS:000273927000001 PM 19788925 ER PT J AU Oppert, C Klingeman, WE Willis, JD Oppert, B Jurat-Fuentes, JL AF Oppert, Cris Klingeman, William E. Willis, Jonathan D. Oppert, Brenda Jurat-Fuentes, Juan L. TI Prospecting for cellulolytic activity in insect digestive fluids SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insect cellulase; Cellulose degradation; Digestive fluids; Cellulolytic activity; Biofuel; Lignocellulosic feedstocks ID MULBERRY LONGICORN BEETLE; TERMITE RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; CELLULASE GENE-EXPRESSION; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; APRIONA-GERMARI; THERMOBIA-DOMESTICA; WOOD; ETHANOL; GUT AB Efficient cellulolytic enzymes are needed to degrade recalcitrant plant biomass during ethanol purification and make lignocellulosic biofuels a cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. Despite the large number of insect species that feed on lignocellulosic material, limited availability of quantitative studies comparing cellulase activity among insect taxa constrains identification of candidate species for more targeted identification of effective cellulolytic systems. We describe quantitative determinations of the cellulolytic activity in gut or head-derived fluids from 68 phytophagous or xylophagous insect species belonging to eight different taxonomic orders. Enzymatic activity was determined for two different substrates, carboxymethyl cellulose (CIVIC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), approximating endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and complete cellulolytic activity, respectively. Highest CIVIC gut fluid activities were found in Dictyoptera, Coleoptera, Isoptera, and Orthoptera, while highest MCC gut fluid activities were found in Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera. In most cases, gut fluid activities were greater with CIVIC compared to MCC substrate, except in Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera. In contrast, cellulolytic activity levels in most head fluids were greater on the MCC substrate. Our data suggests that a phylogenetic relationship may exist for the origin of cellulolytic enzymes in insects, and that cellulase activity levels correlate with taxonomic classification, probably reflecting differences in plant host or feeding strategies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Oppert, Cris; Willis, Jonathan D.; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Klingeman, William E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oppert, Brenda] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Jurat-Fuentes, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jurat@utk.edu OI Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 FU Southeastern Sun Grant Center FX This research was supported by a grant from the Southeastern Sun Grant Center to JLJF and BO. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 155 IS 2 BP 145 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.10.014 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 547YY UT WOS:000273927000008 PM 19895899 ER PT J AU Wunderle, JM Currie, D Helmer, EH Ewert, DN White, JD Ruzycki, TS Parresol, B Kwit, C AF Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr. Currie, Dave Helmer, Eileen H. Ewert, David N. White, Jennifer D. Ruzycki, Thomas S. Parresol, Bernard Kwit, Charles TI KIRTLAND'S WARBLERS IN ANTHROPOGENICALLY DISTURBED EARLY-SUCCESSIONAL HABITATS ON ELEUTHERA, THE BAHAMAS SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Dendroica kirtlandii; early succession; frugivory; Kirtland's Warbler; nonbreeding habitat ID OVERWINTERING NEARCTIC MIGRANTS; TROPICAL FOREST; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; YUCATAN PENINSULA; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; BIRD ABUNDANCE; WINTER HABITAT; POPULATION; TRENDS; TREES AB To characterize the nonbreeding habitat of Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) on Eleuthera, The Bahamas, we quantified the habitat at sites where we captured the warblers and compared these traits with those of random sites and sites of tall coppice. On the basis of a chronosequence of satellite imagery, 153 capture sites ranged in age from 3 to 28 years after human disturbance, mean 14.6 years +/- 6.3 (SD). Capture sites had been abandoned after clearing (65%), converted to goat pasture (26%), burned (2%), or were young second growth following unknown disturbance (7%). Canopies in 104 capture plots were lower (mean 1.8 m) than canopies in random plots (mean 2.7 m) and plots of late-successional tall coppice (mean 6.3 m). At seven sites mean foliage density in capture plots was consistently greatest at 0.5 to 1.0 m height, but the sites were heterogeneous for other foliage-height classes < 3 m and for time since disturbance, canopy height, stem density, and five ground-cover traits. Plots did not differ by the sex of the captured bird except for a difference (P = 0.05) in foliage density at heights < 3 m. Kirtland's Warblers frequently consumed fruit (69% of 499 observations), especially from Lantana involucrata, Erithalis fruticosa, and Chiococca alba. Foliage of these plants was more abundant in capture plots than random plots. Because the warblers consume fruit extensively and fruit is more abundant in early successional habitat, this species, like other nearctic-neotropical migrants that breed in early successional habitats, is absent from mature forests on the wintering grounds. C1 [Wunderle, Joseph M., Jr.; Currie, Dave; Helmer, Eileen H.; White, Jennifer D.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. [Currie, Dave; White, Jennifer D.] Puerto Rican Conservat Fdn, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. [Ewert, David N.] Nature Conservancy, Lansing, MI 48906 USA. [Ruzycki, Thomas S.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Management Mil Lands, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Parresol, Bernard] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Kwit, Charles] Wittenberg Univ, Dept Biol, Springfield, OH 45501 USA. RP Wunderle, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Sabana Field Res Stn, HC 02 Box 6205, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. EM jmwunderle@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation; The Bahamas National Trust; College of The Bahamas; University of Puerto Rico; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Kirtland's Warbler Recovery Team FX We thank Eric Carey, Paul Dean, and others from the Ornithology Group of The Bahamas National Trust for alerting us to the presence of a concentration of Kirtland's Warblers on Eleuthera. Our research was conducted as part of the Kirtland's Warbler Research and Training Project, which has benefited from the enthusiastic contributions of Bahamian student interns including Ancilleno Davis, Everton Joseph, Samara Lawrentz, Zeko McKenzie, Ingeria Miller, Keith Phillippe, Montara Roberts, and Jasmin Turner. We also appreciate the assistance provided by Matthew and Heidi Anderson, Rudy Badia, Peter Bichier, Alana Demko, Stephanie Dolrenry, Rudy King, Laurie Porth, Javier Mercado, and Sarah Wagner. Eric Carey of The Bahamas National Trust facilitated the project in many ways for which we are grateful. We thank Ethan Freid for help with plant identifications. We greatly appreciate the local support provided by landowners and commonage committees for permitting access to their lands. The manuscript benefited from the constructive comments of Steven C. Latta, D. Jean Lodge, Michael Patten, John R. Probst, and an anonymous reviewer. Funding was provided by International Programs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to The Nature Conservancy and the Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation working in cooperation with The Bahamas National Trust, the College of The Bahamas, the University of Puerto Rico, the Rocky Mountain Research Station, and the Kirtland's Warbler Recovery Team. This work is a contribution to Landsat Science Team research and the Landsat Data Continuity Mission. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090134 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 576ED UT WOS:000276126200014 ER PT J AU Hull, JM Keane, JJ Tell, L Ernest, HB AF Hull, Joshua M. Keane, John J. Tell, Lisa Ernest, Holly B. TI WEST NILE VIRUS ANTIBODY SURVEILLANCE IN THREE SIERRA NEVADA RAPTORS OF CONSERVATION CONCERN SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; antibody; Flavivirus; Sierra Nevada; Strix nebulosa; Strix occidentalis; West Nile virus ID YELLOW-BILLED MAGPIE; CALIFORNIA; INFECTION; BIRDS; AMERICAN; TRANSMISSION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; OWLS; TEMPERATURE AB West Nile virus (WNV) infection has caused high levels of mortality in North American hawks and owls. To investigate the extent of infection among raptors of conservation concern in the Sierra Nevada, we tested 62 Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), 209 Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis), and 22 Great Gray Owls (Strix nebulosa) for WNV antibodies during the summers of 2004 to 2007 and compared our results with avian WNV mortalities detected by the California Department of Public Health. We detected no antibodies to WNV among the individuals tested. During the same period WNV RNA was detected in dead birds from 26 species in the Sierra Nevada region. These results suggest that the populations we studied were not exposed, that the level of WNV infection was so low as to be undetectable by our sampling scheme, or that the mortality rate from WNV was high enough to leave no surviving individuals; there is no independent evidence of the last alternative. C1 [Hull, Joshua M.; Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Genet Unit, Vet Genet Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keane, John J.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Tell, Lisa] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ernest, Holly B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hull, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife & Ecol Genet Unit, Vet Genet Lab, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jmhull@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0002-0205-8818 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Pacific Southwest Research Station; Sierra Nevada Research Center; Region 5 of the Forest Service; Yosemite Fund; U.S. Bureau of Land Management; University of California Genetic Resources Conservation Program; University of California, Davis; Graduate Group in Ecology FX We thank the U.S. Forest Service, Yosemite National Park, U.S. Bureau of Land Management Medford District, California Department of Fish and Game, Lindsay Wildlife Hospital, the University of California, Davis, Raptor Center, the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, N. Anderson, Y. Fang, W Farrier, C. Gallagher, J. Dunk, S. Godwin, D. Hansen, J. Hawley, T. Hull, G. Jehle, E. Jepsen, R. Kussow, J. Maurer, J. Medley, T. Munton, T. Narahashi, B. Ogren, W. Reisen, P. Shaklee, J. Shafer, D. Shaw, B. Stedman, G. Steger, C. Stermer, S. Stock, A. Stutz, L. Tierney, S. Thompson, S. Vigallon, and M. Werner for assistance with sample collection and logistical support. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Sierra Nevada Research Center, Region 5 of the Forest Service, Yosemite Fund, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the University of California Genetic Resources Conservation Program, the University of California, Davis, Graduate Group in Ecology, and the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of California, Davis. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2010 VL 112 IS 1 BP 168 EP 172 DI 10.1525/cond.2010.090110 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 576ED UT WOS:000276126200018 ER PT J AU Laikre, L Allendorf, FW Aroner, LC Baker, CS Gregovich, DP Hansen, MM Jackson, JA Kendall, KC McKelvey, K Neel, MC Olivieri, I Ryman, N Schwartz, MK Bull, RS Stetz, JB Tallmon, DA Taylor, BL Vojta, CD Waller, DM Waples, RS AF Laikre, Linda Allendorf, Fred W. Aroner, Laurel C. Baker, C. Scott Gregovich, David P. Hansen, Michael M. Jackson, Jennifer A. Kendall, Katherine C. McKelvey, Kevin Neel, Maile C. Olivieri, Isabelle Ryman, Nils Schwartz, Michael K. Bull, Ruth Short Stetz, Jeffrey B. Tallmon, David A. Taylor, Barbara L. Vojta, Christina D. Waller, Donald M. Waples, Robin S. TI Neglect of Genetic Diversity in Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; MUTATION C1 [Laikre, Linda; Ryman, Nils] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Allendorf, Fred W.; Aroner, Laurel C.; Bull, Ruth Short] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Jackson, Jennifer A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Gregovich, David P.; Taylor, Barbara L.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Hansen, Michael M.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [McKelvey, Kevin; Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Neel, Maile C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Olivieri, Isabelle] Univ Montpellier 2, Inst Sci Evolut, F-34095 Montpellier 05, France. [Tallmon, David A.] Univ Alaska SE, Biol & Marine Biol Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Vojta, Christina D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Waller, Donald M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Laikre, L (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Div Populat Genet, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM linda.laikre@popgen.su.se RI Jackson, Jennifer/E-7997-2013; Hansen, Michael/I-5979-2013; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Olivieri, Isabelle/E-5872-2016; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Hansen, Michael/0000-0001-5372-4828; Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF) [EF-0423641]; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Formas; BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG; U.S. Forest Service; University of Montana FX We thank J. Hellmann and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments. This work was conducted as part of the Working Group on Genetic Monitoring: Development of Tools for Conservation and Management, jointly supported by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NSF # EF-0423641) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF # DEB-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. L. L. acknowledges financial support from Formas and BONUS Baltic Organisations' Network for Funding Science EEIG. The work of L. C. A. on this project was supported by a Joint Research Venture between the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Montana. NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 9 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 86 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01425.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544VF UT WOS:000273686700013 PM 20028412 ER PT J AU Spies, TA Miller, JD Buchanan, JB Lehmkuhl, JF Franklin, JF Healey, SP Hessburg, PF Safford, HD Cohen, WB Kennedy, RSH Knapp, EE Agee, JK Moeur, M AF Spies, Thomas A. Miller, Jay D. Buchanan, Joseph B. Lehmkuhl, John F. Franklin, Jerry F. Healey, Sean P. Hessburg, Paul F. Safford, Hugh D. Cohen, Warren B. Kennedy, Rebecca S. H. Knapp, Eric E. Agee, James K. Moeur, Melinda TI Underestimating Risks to the Northern Spotted Owl in Fire-Prone Forests: Response to Hanson et al. SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIERRA-NEVADA; USA; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; SEVERITY; CASCADES; WILDFIRE; PLAN C1 [Spies, Thomas A.; Cohen, Warren B.; Kennedy, Rebecca S. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, Jay D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Mcclellan, CA 95652 USA. [Buchanan, Joseph B.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Management Program, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Lehmkuhl, John F.; Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Franklin, Jerry F.; Agee, James K.] Univ Washington, Sch Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Healey, Sean P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. [Safford, Hugh D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Moeur, Melinda] US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM tspies@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 24 IS 1 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01414.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544VF UT WOS:000273686700041 PM 20121850 ER PT J AU Larson, SR Culumber, CM Schweigert, RN Chatterton, NJ AF Larson, Steven R. Culumber, C. M. Schweigert, R. N. Chatterton, N. J. TI Species delimitation tests of endemic Lepidium papilliferum and identification of other possible evolutionarily significant units in the Lepidium montanum complex (Brassicaceae) of western North America SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Evolutionarily significant unit; Incomplete lineage sorting; Isolation by distance; Species delimitation; US endangered species act; Slickspot pepperwort (peppergrass) ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; RECURRENT GENE FLOW; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CHLOROPLAST DNA; ANCESTRAL POLYMORPHISM; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; L. BRASSICACEAE; SEQUENCES; MARKERS; AFLP AB Lepidium papilliferum of southwest Idaho was previously treated as an infraspecific variety of Lepidium montanum. Chloroplast (cpDNA) sequences, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, and AFLPs were used to test species delimitations and other possible evolutionarily significant units (ESU) based on genetic differentiation, isolation by distance (IBD), and genetic admixture among 32 L. montanum and 21 L. papilliferum collections from the western US. The L. papilliferum AFLP genotypes formed a monophyletic clade. However, the AFLP genotypes of L. montanum samples from eight western sites were more similar to L. papilliferum, which together comprise a regionally significant West clade showing significant differentiation from eastern L. montanum collections (East clade). Bayesian analysis of AFLP genotypes detected possible admixture between L. papilliferum and related western L. montanum collections. Neither taxa nor regionally significant AFLP clades displayed reciprocally monophyletic cpDNA or ITS sequences, but the AFLP clades showed stronger cpDNA differentiation and unique ITS alleles. The East and West clades fit models of speciation with relatively strong IBD within groups and weak IBD between groups, based on correlations between the average number of AFLP differences and geographic distances among collection sites, but comparisons between taxa did not fit this model. Conversely, relatively strong partial correlations between AFLP and taxonomic differences, controlling for geography, support taxonomic delimitations. Results suggest that L. papilliferum is a distinct subgroup of L. montanum influenced by speciation. However, gene flow or common ancestry between L. papilliferum and western forms of L. montanum provide a basis for other possible ESUs. C1 [Larson, Steven R.; Chatterton, N. J.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Culumber, C. M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Schweigert, R. N.] Intermt Range Consultants, Winnemucca, NV 89445 USA. RP Larson, SR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM steve.larson@ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 57 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10592-009-0002-2 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 545OQ UT WOS:000273744300006 ER PT J AU Hokit, DG Ascunce, M Ernst, J Branch, LC Clark, AM AF Hokit, D. Grant Ascunce, Marina Ernst, Joel Branch, Lyn C. Clark, Ann Marie TI Ecological metrics predict connectivity better than geographic distance SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Landscape genetics; Landscape connectivity; Florida scrub lizard; Sceloporus woodi; Microsatellite; Florida scrub ID LIZARD SCELOPORUS-WOODI; FLORIDA SCRUB LIZARD; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SAND-PINE SCRUB; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AB We use microsatellite loci to examine genetic structure of the Florida scrub lizard (Sceloporus woodi) and test for the effects of landscape variables at the scale of neighboring patches. We evaluate ecological metrics of connectivity with genetics data, which to our knowledge is the first application of these particular metrics to landscape-level genetics studies in Florida scrub. Florida scrub is a highly threatened ecosystem in which habitat patches are remnants of a previously widespread xeric landscape. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has shown that landscape structure influenced the evolutionary history of the Florida scrub lizard (S. woodi) across its range. Our results concur with these mtDNA studies in documenting divergence between xeric ridge systems and also demonstrate divergence at very local scales. Both least-cost distance and pairwise isolation (a metric used in ecological studies that includes patch size, quality and a modified isolation index) were better predictors of genetic distance than Euclidean distance, indicating that mesic and hydric habitat influence spatial patterns in genetic variation. Our results support the need for focusing on spatial distribution of scrub habitat at the scale of neighboring patches, as well as regionally, in conservation management and restoration. Also, our study points to the value of integrating landscape ecology metrics into landscape genetics. C1 [Hokit, D. Grant] Carroll Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Helena, MT 59625 USA. [Ascunce, Marina; Ernst, Joel; Clark, Ann Marie] Univ Florida, ICBR Genet Anal Lab, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Ascunce, Marina] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Branch, Lyn C.] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hokit, DG (reprint author), Carroll Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 1601 N Benton Ave, Helena, MT 59625 USA. EM ghokit@carroll.edu FU National Biological Service; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX A large number of people at Avon Park Air Force Range provided support for this project. We particularly thank P. Walsh, B. Progulske, P. Ebersbach, and Margosian. Field work was accomplished with assistance from J. Matter, J. Arnett, K. Griffis, K. Kosel, K. Long, P. Mikula, and C. O'Brien. Funding for this project was provided by Department of Defense, Species at Risk Initiative of the National Biological Service, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. We would like to thank Ernie Almira and Neda Panayotova (University of Florida, ICBR Genomic Core) for their help with the MegaBace instrument. We are grateful to Bill Farmerie (University of Florida, ICBR Genomic Core) for use of his laboratory equipment. NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s10592-009-0014-y PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 545OQ UT WOS:000273744300013 ER PT J AU Chuck, G O'Connor, D AF Chuck, George O'Connor, Devin TI Small RNAs going the distance during plant development SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; LEAF SENESCENCE; PHASE-CHANGE; MICRORNA; GENES; TIME; IDENTIFICATION; MORPHOGENESIS; DEMETHYLATION AB Small RNAs are 19-27 nucleotide long RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and function as important regulators of diverse aspects of plant development. Current models for how they function continue to be modified as new research uncovers additional aspects of their biology Unexpectedly, several previously characterized small RNAs appear to function non-cell autonomously, some moving a few cells away, others moving throughout the plant. This fact may reflect that small RNAs are an essential component of a larger signaling network that orchestrates plant development C1 [Chuck, George; O'Connor, Devin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chuck, George; O'Connor, Devin] USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Chuck, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU DOE [DE-A102-08ER15962]; NSF [DBI-0110189] FX GG is supported by the DOE (DE-A102-08ER15962), and DO'C is supported by the NSF (DBI-0110189) We thank China Lunde, Nathalie Boldue, Karl Erhard, and Beth Thompson for helpful Comments on the manuscript We apologize to our Colleagues whose work has not been cited or discussed because of space Constraints NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 40 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.08.006 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 562ZP UT WOS:000275095200007 PM 19796985 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Gahr, SA Purcell, MK Hadidi, S Rexroad, CE Wiens, GD AF Palti, Yniv Gahr, Scott A. Purcell, Maureen K. Hadidi, Sima Rexroad, Caird E., III Wiens, Gregory D. TI Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptor; TLR7; TLR8; Rainbow trout; Innate immunity; Genetic map; Gene-duplication; Gene expression ID TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR; WHOLE-GENOME DUPLICATION; CLASS-I REGIONS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; FUGU-RUBRIPES; TELEOST FISH; VERTEBRATE AB induction of the innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-viral defense but there is limited understanding of how teleost fish recognize viral molecules and activate these pathways. in mammals, Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8 bind single-stranded RNA of viral origin and are activated by synthetic anti-viral imidazoquinoline compounds. Herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) TLR7 and TLR8 gene orthologs and their mRNA expression. Two TLR7/8 loci were identified from a rainbow trout bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library using DNA fingerprinting and genetic linkage analyses. Direct sequencing of two representative BACs revealed intact omTLR7 and omTLR8a1 open reading frames (ORFs) located on chromosome 3 and a second locus on chromosome 22 that contains an omTLR8a2 ORF and a putative TLR7 pseudogene. We used the omTLR8a1/2 nomenclature for the two trout TLR8 genes as phylogenetic analysis revealed that they and all the other teleost TLR8 genes sequenced to date are similar to the zebrafish TLR8a, but are distinct from the zebrafish TLR8b. The duplicated trout loci exhibit conserved synteny with other fish genomes extending beyond the tandem of TLR7/8 genes. The trout TLR7 and 8a1/2 genes are composed of a single large exon similar to all other described TLR7/8 genes. The omTLR7 ORF is predicted to encode a 1049 amino acid (aa) protein with 84% similarity to the Fugu TLR7 and a conserved pattern of predicted leucine-rich repeats (LRR). The omTLR8a1 and omTLR8a2 are predicted to encode 1035- and 1034-aa proteins, respectively, and have 86% similarity to each other. omTLR8a1 is likely the ortholog of the only Atlantic salmon TLR8 gene described to date as they have 95% aa sequence similarity. The tissue expression profiles of omTLR7, omTLR8a1 and omTLR8a2 in healthy trout were highest in spleen tissue followed by anterior and then posterior kidney tissues. Rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes produced elevated levels of pro-inflammatory and type I interferon cytokines mRNA in response to stimulation with the human TLR7/8 agonist R848 or the TLR3 agonist poly I:C. Only poly LC-incluced IFN2 transcription was significantly suppressed in the presence of chloroquine, a compound known to block endosomal acidification and inhibit endosomal maturation. The effect of chloroquine on R848-induced cytokine expression was equivocal and so it remains questionable whether rainbow trout recognition of R848 requires endosomal maturation. TLR7 and TLR8a1 expression levels in rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes were not affected by poly I:C or R848 treatments, but surprisingly, TLR8a2 expression was moderately down-regulated by R848. The down-regulation of omTLR8a2 may imply that this gene has evolved to a new or altered function in rainbow trout, as often occurs when the two duplicated genes remain active. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Palti, Yniv; Gahr, Scott A.; Hadidi, Sima; Rexroad, Caird E., III; Wiens, Gregory D.] ARS, NCCCWA, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), ARS, NCCCWA, USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 77 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2009.10.002 PG 15 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 537XK UT WOS:000273147400018 PM 19825389 ER PT J AU Faaborg, J Holmes, RT Anders, AD Bildstein, KL Dugger, KM Gauthreaux, SA Heglund, P Hobson, KA Jahn, AE Johnson, DH Latta, SC Levey, DJ Marra, PP Merkord, CL Nol, E Rothstein, SI Sherry, TW Sillett, TS Thompson, FR Warnock, N AF Faaborg, John Holmes, Richard T. Anders, Angela D. Bildstein, Keith L. Dugger, Katie M. Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr. Heglund, Patricia Hobson, Keith A. Jahn, Alex E. Johnson, Douglas H. Latta, Steven C. Levey, Douglas J. Marra, Peter P. Merkord, Christoper L. Nol, Erica Rothstein, Stephen I. Sherry, Thomas W. Sillett, T. Scott Thompson, Frank R., III Warnock, Nils TI Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE austral migration; breeding season population limitation; carry-over effects; connectivity; en route ecology; intratropical migration; land birds; migration; soure-sink demography; winter population limitation ID THROATED BLUE WARBLERS; HABITAT-SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHY; WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS; MIXED-SPECIES FLOCKS; ZONOTRICHIA-LEUCOPHRYS-GAMBELII; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT SONGBIRDS; CURRENT REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; ESTIMATING SITE OCCUPANCY; SANDPIPER CALIDRIS-MAURI AB Our understanding of migratory birds' year-round ecology and evolution remains patchy despite recent fundamental advances. Periodic reviews focus future research and inform conservation and management; here, we take advantage of our combined experiences working on Western Hemisphere avian migration systems to highlight recent lessons and critical gaps in knowledge. Among topics discussed are: (1) The pipeline from pure to applied researchers leaves room for improvement. (2) Population limitation and regulation includes both seasonal and between-season interactions. (3) The study of movements of small-bodied species remains a major research frontier. (4) We must increase our understanding of population connectivity. (5) With few exceptions, population regulation has barely been investigated. (6) We have increasingly integrated landscape configuration of habitats, large-scale habitat disturbances, and habitat quality impacts into models of seasonal and overall demographic success. (7) The post-breeding season (late summer for latitudinal migrants) is increasingly appreciated for its impacts on demography. (8) We recognize the diverse ways that avian brood parasites, nest predators, and food availability affect demography. (9) Source-sink and meta-population models help us understand migratory avian distributions among fragmented habitats. (10) Advances in modeling have improved estimates of annual survival and fecundity, but for few species. (11) Populations can be limited by ecological conditions in winter, but habitat needs are poorly known for most species at this time. (12) Migration tends to occupy broad spatial fronts that may change seasonally or when migrants cross major barriers. (13) En route conditions can limit migrant populations; linking migration habitat quality indicators to fitness or population consequences presents a major challenge. (14) A variety of intra-tropical Neotropical migration patterns are recognizable,. but almost nothing is known about these systems beyond descriptions of a few typical species' movements. (15) Global climate change scenarios predict range and phenology shifts of Neotropical migrant bird populations that must be considered in conservation plans. Future studies will depend on new technologies and the integration of modeling with sophisticated, large-spatial-scale measurement and parameter estimation; whether the pace of research and management involving migratory birds can match the growth of environmental threats remains to be seen. C1 [Faaborg, John; Merkord, Christoper L.] Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Holmes, Richard T.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Anders, Angela D.] Clancy Environm Consultants, Papahanaumokuakea Natl Monument, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Bildstein, Keith L.] Hawk Mt Sanctuary, Acopian Ctr Conservat Learning, Orwigsburg, PA 17961 USA. [Dugger, Katie M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Gauthreaux, Sidney A., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Heglund, Patricia] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. [Hobson, Keith A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada. [Jahn, Alex E.; Johnson, Douglas H.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] USGS No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Latta, Steven C.] Natl Aviary, Dept Conservat & Field Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15212 USA. [Marra, Peter P.; Sillett, T. Scott] Natl Zool Pk, Smithsonian Migratory Bird Ctr, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Ecol & Conservat Grp, Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Nol, Erica] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Rothstein, Stephen I.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sherry, Thomas W.] Tulane Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Thompson, Frank R., III] Univ Missouri, USDA, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Warnock, Nils] PRBO Conservat Sci, Petaluma, CA 94954 USA. RP Faaborg, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM faaborgj@missouri.edu OI Merkord, Chris/0000-0003-2825-1904 NR 458 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 23 U2 176 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 80 IS 1 BP 3 EP 48 DI 10.1890/09-0395.1 PG 46 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572GW UT WOS:000275816800002 ER PT J AU Gallagher, P Lazarus, W Shapouri, H Conway, R Bachewe, F Fischer, A AF Gallagher, Paul Lazarus, William Shapouri, Hosein Conway, Roger Bachewe, Fantu Fischer, Amelia TI Cardiovascular disease-risk benefits of clean fuel technology and policy: A statistical analysis SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Clean fuel regulation and technology; Health benefits; Biofuels ID AIR-POLLUTION; LEAD-EXPOSURE; CANCER; LIFE AB The hypothesis of this study is that there is a statistical relationship between the cardiovascular disease mortality rate and the intensity of fuel consumption (measured in gallons/square mile) at a particular location. We estimate cross-sectional regressions of the mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease against the intensity of fuel consumption using local data for the entire US, before the US Clean Air Act (CAA) in 1974 and after the most recent policy revisions in 2004. The cardiovascular disease rate improvement estimate suggests that up to 60 cardiovascular disease deaths per 100,000 residents are avoided in the largest urban areas with highest fuel consumption per square mile. In New York City, for instance, the mortality reduction may be worth about $30.3 billion annually. Across the US, the estimated Value of Statistical Life (VSL) benefit is $202.7 billion annually. There are likely three inseparable reasons that contributed importantly to this welfare improvement. First, the CAA regulations banned leaded gasoline, and mandated reduction in specific chemicals and smog components. Second, technologies such as the Catalytic Converter (CC) for the automobile and the low particulate diesel engine were adopted. Third, biofuels have had important roles, making the adoption of clean air technology possible and substituting for high emission fuels. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gallagher, Paul; Fischer, Amelia] Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lazarus, William; Bachewe, Fantu] Univ Minnesota, Appl Econ Dept, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Shapouri, Hosein; Conway, Roger] USDA, Off Energy Policy & New Uses, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gallagher, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Econ, 481 Heady Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM paulg@iastate.edu NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD FEB PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 1210 EP 1222 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.013 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548SD UT WOS:000273985700056 ER PT J AU Sivakumar, G Vail, DR Xu, JF Burner, DM Lay, JO Ge, XM Weathers, PJ AF Sivakumar, Ganapathy Vail, Daniel R. Xu, Jianfeng Burner, David M. Lay, Jackson O., Jr. Ge, Xumeng Weathers, Pamela J. TI Bioethanol and biodiesel: Alternative liquid fuels for future generations SO ENGINEERING IN LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Biofuels; Flocculation; Lignocellulose; Microalgae; Transesterification ID THERMOSTABLE BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; ETHANOL FERMENTATION; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; FLOCCULATING YEAST; MASS CULTIVATION; HUMICOLA-GRISEA; MICROALGAE; LAND; PURIFICATION AB The global population is expected to increase by approximately 3 billion people by 2050. With this increase in population, industry, transportation the cost of fossil fuels will grow dramatically. New technologies are needed for fuel extraction using feedstocks that do not threaten food security, cause minimal or no loss of natural habitat and soil carbon. At the same time, waste management has to be improved and environmental pollution should be minimized or eliminated. Liquid biofuels such as lignocellulosic-based ethanol from plant biomass and algal-based biodiesel are sustainable, alternative biofuels that could stabilize national security and provide clean energy for future generations. Ideally, the technology should also foster recycling of agricultural feedstocks and improve soil fertility and human health. This article provides updated information on the energy potential and breadth of liquid biofuel biotechnology. C1 [Sivakumar, Ganapathy; Vail, Daniel R.; Xu, Jianfeng; Ge, Xumeng] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. [Burner, David M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR USA. [Lay, Jackson O., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facil, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Weathers, Pamela J.] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Biol & Biotechnol, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Sivakumar, G (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. EM sivakumar@libero.it RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 FU Arkansas Biosciences Institute [262147]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG36-08GO88025] FX This research was partially funded by the Arkansas Biosciences Institute grant 262147, and US Department of Energy grant DE-FG36-08GO88025. NR 81 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 70 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1618-0240 J9 ENG LIFE SCI JI Eng. Life Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 8 EP 18 DI 10.1002/elsc.200900061 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 621FU UT WOS:000279561700002 ER PT J AU Lopez, MD Sumerford, DV Lewis, LC AF Lopez, Miriam D. Sumerford, Douglas V. Lewis, Leslie C. TI Nosema pyrausta and Cry1Ab-incorporated diet led to decreased survival and developmental delays in European corn borer SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; Bacillus thuringiensis; resistance; assortative mating; Lepidoptera; Crambidae; Zea mays; Poaceae; microsporidium ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; TRANSGENIC COTTON; PEREZIA-PYRAUSTAE; PINK-BOLLWORM; BT CROPS; RESISTANCE; TRANSMISSION; PYRALIDAE; CRAMBIDAE AB The high dose/refuge strategy for delaying evolution of resistance to Bt maize [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] relies on random mating between resistant European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and susceptible O. nubilalis from the refuge. However, differences in developmental rate caused by feeding on Bt maize, or infection with the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta Paillot (Microsporida: Nosematidae) may result in assortative mating. Developmental delays and mortality caused by infection with N. pyrausta and feeding on Bt maize were quantified alone and in combination in Cry1Ab-resistant and susceptible O. nubilalis. Feeding on Cry1Ab-incorporated diet significantly increased number of days from hatch to pupation and decreased survival in the resistant population. Infection with N. pyrausta increased mortality and lengthened development in both the resistant and susceptible populations. The combination of Cry1Ab-incorporated diet and infection with N. pyrausta in resistant O. nubilalis lengthened development and increased mortality to a greater extent than either factor alone. Greater larval delays of resistant O. nubilalis feeding on Bt maize could lead to temporal isolation from adults emerging from refuge maize. The resulting assortative mating would hasten the evolution of resistance. Developmental delays caused by infection with N. pyrausta may increase the likelihood of mating between resistant and infected susceptible adults emerging from refuge maize, producing infected offspring that are also more susceptible to Bt maize. C1 [Lopez, Miriam D.; Sumerford, Douglas V.] USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.; Lewis, Leslie C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lopez, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM miriam.lopez@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 134 IS 2 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2009.00947.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543DX UT WOS:000273551800006 ER PT J AU Reeves, GH Grunbaum, JB Lang, DW AF Reeves, Gordon H. Grunbaum, Jon B. Lang, Dirk W. TI Seasonal variation in diel behaviour and habitat use by age 1+Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Coast and Cascade Range streams in Oregon, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Steelhead trout; Seasonal diel behavior ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; STEELHEAD TROUT; BROWN TROUT; ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CHINOOK SALMON; WINTER HABITAT; RAINBOW-TROUT; TEMPERATURES; GAIRDNERI; SELECTION AB The seasonal diel behaviour of age 1+ steelhead from Coast and Cascade Range streams in Oregon was examined in the field and in laboratory streams. During the summer, fish from both areas were active during the day in natural streams: they held position in the water column in moderate velocities and depths. At night, fish were in slower water, closer to the bottom above smaller substrates. In winter, diel behaviour differed between the two groups. Coastal fish exhibited behaviour similar to that observed in the summer. Cascade Range fish were not observed during the day, but were found at night, holding positions close to the bottom in slower water. In laboratory streams, fish from both regions were subjected to a decreasing temperature regime from 16A degrees C to 2A degrees C. Use of cover for concealment during the day was negatively correlated with water temperatures for both groups. However, the shelter-seeking response to declining water temperatures was significantly greater for Cascade fish than it was for coastal fish. Field and laboratory observations of diel behaviour support the hypothesis that steelhead from the two geographic regions have different adaptive strategies for winter conditions and that these differences, because they persisted even in laboratory conditions, are probably genetically based. C1 [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Grunbaum, Jon B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Happy Camp, CA 96039 USA. [Lang, Dirk W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. RP Reeves, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM greeves@fs.fed.us FU USDA Forest Service, Aquatic and Land Interaction Program; Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon FX A. Atkins, B. Campbell, C. Dewberry, D. Moore, F. Vasser, D. Price, and J. Ziedler helped with field work. D. Olsen, H. Li, and R. Beschta reviewed the first versions of this manuscript. Comments by J. Rosenfield and three anonymous reviewers contributed to improvements in the manuscript. K. Burnett provided guidance with statistical analyses. K. Ronnenberg produced the graphics and provided editorial support. Financial support for this study was provided by the USDA Forest Service, Aquatic and Land Interaction Program, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD FEB PY 2010 VL 87 IS 2 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s10641-009-9569-1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 551YQ UT WOS:000274250100003 ER PT J AU DeBano, SJ Hamm, PB Jensen, A Rondon, SI Landolt, PJ AF DeBano, S. J. Hamm, P. B. Jensen, A. Rondon, S. I. Landolt, P. J. TI Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Potato Tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in the Columbia Basin of the Pacific Northwest SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phthorimaea operculella; Columbia Basin; pheromone-baited traps; population dynamics; spatial distribution ID PHTHORIMAEA-OPERCULELLA ZELLER; WINTER SURVIVAL; MOTH AB A landscape-scale study from 2004 to 2006 investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of a new pest to the Columbia Basin of the Pacific Northwest, the potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). Male P. operculella were monitored in spring, summer, and fall each year with a pheromone-baited trapping network in Oregon and Washington. The objectives of the study were to (1) describe the temporal and spatial dynamics of the recent outbreak of P. operculella in the region and (2) examine the relationship of the spatial and temporal distribution of the outbreak and weather (air temperature, precipitation, and dew point) and geographic variables (elevation and latitude). Weather data during the P. operculella outbreak were compared with a reference period (1993-1999) that occurred before the outbreak. The outbreak in 2004, which caused the first widespread tuber damage in the region, was positively associated with warmer temperatures in the preceding fall and in the spring, summer, and fall of the growing season. October and November 2003 and March 2004 were also drier than the reference period. However, the winter of 2003/2004 was colder than the reference period and thus mild winter conditions did not explain the outbreak. The importance of environmental variables on the seasonal spatial distribution of the pest each year was examined using nonparametric multiplicative regression. Locations with higher spring, summer, or fall temperatures were associated with increased trapping rates in most seasons. Elevation and latitude seemed to play a constraining role, because low trapping rates of P. operculella were associated with higher elevations and latitudes. C1 [DeBano, S. J.; Hamm, P. B.; Rondon, S. I.] Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Jensen, A.] Washington State Potato Commiss, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA. [Landolt, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP DeBano, SJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. EM sandy.debano@oregonstate.edu FU Washington State and Oregon Potato Commissions; J.R. Simplot; ConAgra Foods; USDA-ARS FX We thank D. Batchelor, C. Dahlberg, B. Giles, A. Harris, C. Kimoto, K. Knox, M. Martin, and C. Royer for collecting and counting P. operculella in pheromone-baited traps; C. Smithhisler, C. Guedot, and D. Green for technical assistance in providing lures; K. Tanner for creating maps and compiling weather data; D. Wooster for reviewing this manuscript; and D. Herms for helpful advice. J. Johnson of the University of Idaho's W. F. Barr Entomology Museum, C. Marshall of the Oregon State University Arthropod Collection, and R. Zack of Washington State University's James Entomological Collection provided information about P. operculella specimens in their collections. Weather data were provided courtesy of Washington State University's AgWeatherNet and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Agrimet weather networks. Funding for this research was provided by the Washington State and Oregon Potato Commissions, J.R. Simplot, ConAgra Foods, and the USDA-ARS. Suggestions by P. Tobin and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1603/EN08270 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 555GX UT WOS:000274498000001 PM 20146835 ER PT J AU Milbrath, LR AF Milbrath, Lindsey R. TI Phytophagous Arthropods of Invasive Swallow-Wort Vines (Vincetoxicum spp.) in New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vincetoxicum; Cynanchum; natural enemies; weed biological control; domestic survey ID SCHINUS-TEREBINTHIFOLIUS ANACARDIACEAE; BUTTERFLIES DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; INSECT FAUNA; BRAZILIAN PEPPERTREE; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; LIGHT ENVIRONMENTS; NEW-ZEALAND; ROSSICUM; THISTLE AB Pate swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum [Kleopow] Barbar.) and black swallow-wort (V. nigrum [ L.] Moench), European species of herbaceous, perennial viny milkweeds, have become increasingly invasive in various natural and managed habitats in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada, including low- and high-light habitats. A classical biological control program is being developed, but almost no information was available on the current arthropod fauna for either species in the invaded range. I conducted quantitative surveys on pale and black swallow-wort at several locations in New York State over 3 yr to identify and compare the seasonal assemblage of phytophagous arthropods that are feeding and developing on the plants in sunny and shaded habitats. Of the approximate to 84 nonpredatory species collected, 10 polyphagous, ectophagous species of native and exotic arthropods were identified, exclusively from the leaves or stems, which could develop to the adult stage and in most cases complete at least one generation on one or both species of swallow-wort. However, their densities were low throughout the season and generally did not differ between the sunny and shaded habitats. Very little to no damage was observed on the plants. Exotic swallow-worts seem to have been released from specialized natural enemies and have not accrued a damaging suite of generalist herbivores. This may be a contributing factor in the increasing invasiveness of these weeds, and biological control appears promising for these plants. C1 ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Milbrath, LR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM Lindsey.Milbrath@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 25 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 68 EP 78 DI 10.1603/EN09116 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 555GX UT WOS:000274498000007 PM 20146841 ER PT J AU Balciunas, J Mehelis, C AF Balciunas, Joe Mehelis, Chris TI Life History of Parafreutreta regalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): A Candidate Agent for Biological Control of Delairea odorata SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weed biological control; Senecio mikanioides; Cape-ivy; German ivy; risk assessment ID EFFICACY ASSESSMENT AB Cape-ivy, Delairea odorata Lamaire, is an ornamental vine, native to the eastern part of South Africa, which has escaped into natural areas in many countries and become a serious pest. Exploratory surveys in South Africa located several potential biological control agents. One of these is Parafreutreta regalis Munro, a tephritid fly that causes large (14 by 20 mm) galls to form on the stems of Cape-ivy. Female P. regalis oviposit 1-20 eggs into stem nodes or growing tips of Cape-ivy. During her lifetime, a female may oviposit up to 138 eggs (mean = 61.5 eggs). After 2 wk, the first swellings, indicating gall formation, become visible. There are three larval stages, and, 1 mo after oviposition, the gall is fully formed, and the larvae within scrape a small circular hole through the gall wall, leaving a "window" covered by intact plant cuticle. After another month, adult flies break the window and emerge from the gall. The life cycle from oviposition to adult emergence is similar to 2 mo, and we observed up to seven generations in a year in our quarantine laboratory. Females begin ovipositing within a day or two of emergence, and adults live for approximate to 2 wk. We compare the life history of P. regalis to the published information about other Parafreutreta species. C1 [Balciunas, Joe; Mehelis, Chris] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Balciunas, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM joe@pw.usda.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1603/EN09135 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 555GX UT WOS:000274498000012 PM 20146846 ER PT J AU Brown, MW Short, BD AF Brown, Mark W. Short, Brent D. TI Factors Affecting Appearance of Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Injury on Apple SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stink bug; wound response; apple; UV radiation ID ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; WOUND RESPONSE; TOMATO FRUIT; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; ETHYLENE; SYSTEMIN; SIGNALS; DAMAGE; ACID AB Three main types of stink bug injury have been reported on the surface of apple fruit: (1) discolored dots, (2) discolored dots with depressions, and (3) discolored dots with discolored depressions. From 2005 to 2008, studies were performed to determine the factors linked to the variations in the appearance of adult stink bug injury on apple fruit observed at harvest. The main factors tested were type of feeding injury (i.e., mechanical versus breakdown and removal of tissues), time between injury and evaluation, cultivar, fruit maturity, and relative exposure to sunlight and UV radiation. No differences were observed that were caused by type of feeding. Studies of the time between injury and evaluation showed that there is a progression in the development of injury appearance. This progression of injury is influenced by cultivar and relative maturity of the fruit. Concomitantly, sites of injury on fruit exposed to no or limited sunlight and UV radiation were less likely to progress to discolored depressions. C1 [Brown, Mark W.; Short, Brent D.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mark.brown@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 DI 10.1603/EN09175 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 555GX UT WOS:000274498000015 PM 20146849 ER PT J AU Pitts-Singer, TL Bosch, J AF Pitts-Singer, Theresa L. Bosch, Jordi TI Nest Establishment, Pollination Efficiency, and Reproductive Success of Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Relation to Resource Availability in Field Enclosures SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa; alfalfa leafcutting bee; bee density; reproductive success ID ALFALFA LEAFCUTTING BEE; SOLITARY BEE; SEX-RATIO; OSMIA-CORNUTA; EMERGENCE; DIAPAUSE; TEMPERATURE; POPULATION; ALLOCATION; DYNAMICS AB The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fabricius), is used to pollinate alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., for seed production in the United States and Canada. It is difficult to reliably sustain commercial M. rotundata populations in the United States because of problems with disease, parasites, predators, and unexplained mortality. One possible explanation for early immature mortality is that, relative to floral availability, superfluous numbers of bees are released in alfalfa fields where resources quickly become limited. Our objective was to determine how M. rotundata density affects bee nesting, pollination efficiency, and reproductive success. Various numbers of bees were released into enclosures on an alfalfa field, but only 10-90% of released female bees established nests. Therefore, a "bee density index" was derived for each enclosure from the number of established females and number of open flowers over time. As the density index increased, significant reductions occurred in the number of pollinated flowers, number of nests, and number of cells produced per bee, as well as the percentage of cells that produced viable prepupae by summer's end and the percentage that produced adult bees. The percentage of cells resulting in early brood mortality (i.e., pollen balls) significantly increased as the density index increased. We conclude that bee nest establishment, pollination efficiency, and reproductive success are compromised when bee densities are high relative to floral resource availability. Open field studies are needed to determine commercial bee densities that result in sustainable bee populations and adequate pollination for profitable alfalfa seed production. C1 [Pitts-Singer, Theresa L.] ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84326 USA. [Bosch, Jordi] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. RP Pitts-Singer, TL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84326 USA. EM Theresa.Pitts-Singer@ars.usda.gov OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1603/EN09077 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 555GX UT WOS:000274498000017 PM 20146851 ER PT J AU Nehme, ME Keena, MA Zhang, A Baker, TC Xu, Z Hoover, K AF Nehme, M. E. Keena, M. A. Zhang, A. Baker, T. C. Xu, Z. Hoover, K. TI Evaluating the Use of Male-Produced Pheromone Components and Plant Volatiles in Two Trap Designs to Monitor Anoplophora glabripennis SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; male-produced pheromone; plant volatiles; monitoring traps ID ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE; CERAMBYCIDAE; ATTRACTION; COLEOPTERA; MONOTERPENES; RECOGNITION AB Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), commonly known as the Asian longhorned beetle, is a wood-boring invasive species introduced from Asia to North America and Europe in solid wood packing material. Efficient monitoring traps are needed to assess population density and dispersal in the field and to detect new introductions at ports of entry. For this purpose, we conducted field trapping experiments in China in the summers of 2007 and 2008. In 2007, we tested Intercept panel traps bung on poplar trees. In 2008, we used Intercept panel traps hung on poplar trees, screen sleeve traps wrapped around poplar trunks, and Intercept panel traps hung on bamboo poles 20 In away from host trees. Traps were baited with A. glabripennis male-produced pheromone alone or in different combinations with plant volatiles. Traps baited with the male-produced pheromone alone caught significantly more females than control traps in both years. The addition of a mixture of (-)-linalool, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool oxide, trans-caryophyllene, and trans-pinocarveol to the pheromone significantly increased trap catches of females, 85% of which were virgin. Screen sleeve traps baited with a combination of (-)-linalool and the pheromone caught the highest number of beetles overall in 2008, whereas traps placed on bamboo polls caught the lowest number. Although the logistics for the most effective implementation of a trapping program using a mixture of the pheromone and plant volatiles require additional studies, these results indicate that this pheromone has considerable promise as a monitoring tool for A. glabripennis in the field. C1 [Nehme, M. E.; Baker, T. C.; Hoover, K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Keena, M. A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Zhang, A.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Xu, Z.] Beijing Forestry Univ, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Hoover, K (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM kxh25@psu.edu FU Alphawood Foundation; Horticultural Research Institute; USDA-NRI Arthropod; Nematode Biology and Management: Suborganismal Biology [2008-03986] FX The authors thank Prof. Luo of the Beijing Forestry University, the Ningxia Forestry Bureau direction and staff, V. Mastro, D. Lance, and B. Wang at USDA-APIUS-PPQ, M. A. Otis, and C. Markham, USDA-APHIS National Asian Longhorned Beetle Eradication Program Director, for facilitating collaborations in China. We also thank W. Xu and J. Wickham for technical support during field studies and J. Nie of the Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory in Beltsville for assistance with chemical synthesis. This work was supported by grants to K.H. from the Alphawood Foundation, the Horticultural Research Institute, cooperative agreements with the USDA-APHIS-PPQ and USDA-NRI Arthropod and Nematode Biology and Management: Suborganismal Biology (Grant 2008-03986). NR 21 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 22 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1603/EN09177 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 555GX UT WOS:000274498000020 PM 20146854 ER PT J AU Cooper, WR Dillwith, JW Puterka, GJ AF Cooper, William R. Dillwith, Jack W. Puterka, Gary J. TI Salivary Proteins of Russian Wheat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Russian wheat aphid; Triticum aestivum; saliva proteins; aphid diets; aphid saliva collection ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; HOST-PLANT; IDENTIFICATION; DEFENSE; GLANDS; DAMAGE; OXIDOREDUCTASE; EVOLUTIONARY AB Salivary secretions play critical roles in aphid-host plant interactions and are responsible for damage associated with aphid feeding. The objectives of this study were to evaluate aspects of salivation and the salivary constituents of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Salivary proteins were isolated and compared from three aphid probed diets: pure water, 15% sucrose, or amino acids (100 mM serine, 100 mM methionine, 100 mM aspartic acid, and 15% sucrose). After 6 h, more aphids settled on sucrose diet compared with other diets, but there were no significant differences in the number of stylet sheaths produced per aphid after 24 h. There were differences in the amount of soluble salivary protein (watery saliva), with the greatest amount secreted in sucrose diet, followed by amino acid diet and pure water, respectively. Protein constituents secreted into sucrose and amino acid diets were compared using gel electrophoresis using standardized amounts of protein. More protein bands and bands of greater intensity were visualized from probed sucrose diet compared With probed amino acid diet, indicating qualitative differences. Phosphatase was putatively identified from D. noxia saliva from a major protein band using gel electrophoresis and mass spectrophotometry. Alkaline phosphatase activity was confirmed in sucrose diet using enzymatic assays but was not detected in aphid probed water or amino acid diets. Other peptides in sucrose diet weakly but significantly showed similarities to putative dehydrogenase and RNA helicase expressed sequence tags identified from other aphids. The implications of these findings in aphid salivation and plant-insect interactions are discussed. C1 [Cooper, William R.; Puterka, Gary J.] ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Dillwith, Jack W.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Cooper, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, WICS, 17053 N Shafter Ave, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. EM rodney.cooper@ars.usda.gov RI Cooper, William/D-3205-2017 NR 44 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 6 U2 29 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 39 IS 1 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1603/EN09079 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 555GX UT WOS:000274498000026 PM 20146860 ER PT J AU Pincetl, S AF Pincetl, Stephanie TI Implementing Municipal Tree Planting: Los Angeles Million-Tree Initiative SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Urban forestry; Implementation; Biogenic Infrastructure; Governance; Urban environment ID URBAN FOREST; GOVERNANCE; GREEN AB Urban forests are increasingly being seen as an important infrastructure that can help cities remediate their environmental impacts. This work reports on the first steps in implementing a million tree program in Los Angeles and the ways such a biogenic-living-infrastructure has been approached. Numbers of studies have been done to quantify the benefits of urban forests, but little has been written on the process of implementing urban tree planting programs. The investigative methods were primarily qualitative, involving interviews, attending meetings and conducting literature reviews. Results indicate that multiple nonprofit and city agency programs are involved in planting and maintaining trees and this has required coordination among groups that here-to-fore were unaccustomed to having to collaborate. The main finding that emerge from this research is that the implementation of such a program in Los Angeles is more complicated than it may seem due to several interacting factors: the need to rely on multiple public and private organizations to put trees into the ground and to maintain them; coordination of these multiple efforts must be centralized, but requires a great deal of time and effort and maybe resisted by some of the partners; funding for planting and long term maintenance must be pieced together from multiple sources; acceptance of trees by residents varies by neighborhood as does tree canopy cover; appropriate nursery supply can be limited; the location of the program within the city administration is determined by who initiates the program. C1 [Pincetl, Stephanie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, E Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pincetl, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Pincetl, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Environm, 619 Chales E Young Dr, E Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM spincetl@ioe.ucla.edu FU National Science Foundation Humans and Social Dimensions [0624177]; EPA [G2006-STAR-H1Communities]; Built Environment FX Research for this article was funded by the National Science Foundation Humans and Social Dimensions grant 0624177 and by an EPA G2006-STAR-H1Communities and the Built Environment grant. Special thanks to Thomas Gillespie for his thoughtful and encouraging comments and to Alex Marlantes for his figures on income and canopy cover. Thank you also to my Co-Pi's Diane Pataki, Sassan Saatchi, Jean Daniel Saphores, and, again, Thomas Gillespie. Thank you to careful reviewers, whose comments greatly improved this article. All interviews were conducted according to a UCLA Institutional Review Board-approved interview instrument, and interviewees signed consent forms. Each interview was also transcribed and sent to the interviewee for corrections, redactions, and additions. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9412-7 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553XF UT WOS:000274399400003 PM 20016982 ER PT J AU Gama-Rodrigues, EF Nair, PKR Nair, VD Gama-Rodrigues, AC Baligar, VC Machado, RCR AF Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela F. Nair, P. K. Ramachandran Nair, Vimala D. Gama-Rodrigues, Antonio C. Baligar, Virupax C. Machado, Regina C. R. TI Carbon Storage in Soil Size Fractions Under Two Cacao Agroforestry Systems in Bahia, Brazil SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cacao cabruca; Carbon sequestration; Ecosystem services; Erythrina spp.; Natural forest; Soil aggregates; Soil fractionation ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; CROP-ROTATION; NO-TILLAGE; DENSITY FRACTIONS; TREE PLANTATIONS; RHODIC FERRALSOL; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; COSTA-RICA; AGGREGATE; NITROGEN AB Shaded perennial agroforestry systems contain relatively high quantities of soil carbon (C) resulting from continuous deposition of plant residues; however, the extent to which the C is sequestered in soil will depend on the extent of physical protection of soil organic C (SOC). The main objective of this study was to characterize SOC storage in relation to soil fraction-size classes in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) agroforestry systems (AFSs). Two shaded cacao systems and an adjacent natural forest in reddish-yellow Oxisols in Bahia, Brazil were selected. Soil samples were collected from four depth classes to 1 m depth and separated by wet-sieving into three fraction-size classes (> 250 mu m, 250-53 mu m, and < 53 mu m)-corresponding to macroaggregate, microaggregate, and silt-and-clay size fractions-and analyzed for C content. The total SOC stock did not vary among systems (mean: 302 Mg/ha). On average, 72% of SOC was in macroaggregate-size, 20% in microaggregate-size, and 8% in silt-and-clay size fractions in soil. Sonication of aggregates showed that occlusion of C in soil aggregates could be a major mechanism of C protection in these soils. Considering the low level of soil disturbances in cacao AFSs, the C contained in the macroaggregate fraction might become stabilized in the soil. The study shows the role of cacao AFSs in mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emission through accumulation and retention of high amounts of organic C in the soils and suggests the potential benefit of this environmental service to the nearly 6 million cacao farmers worldwide. C1 [Gama-Rodrigues, Emanuela F.; Gama-Rodrigues, Antonio C.] Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Soil Lab, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. [Nair, P. K. Ramachandran] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nair, Vimala D.] Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Baligar, Virupax C.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Perennial Crop Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Machado, Regina C. R.] MARS Ctr Cocoa Sci, BR-45630000 Itajuipe, BA, Brazil. RP Gama-Rodrigues, EF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Soil Lab, BR-28013602 Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. EM emanuela@uenf.br FU USDA (US Department of Agriculture)-ARS (Agricultural Research Service)-Sustainable Perennial Crop Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) FX This research was partially supported by a grant from the USDA (US Department of Agriculture)-ARS (Agricultural Research Service)-Sustainable Perennial Crop Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA. We thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the award of an overseas research fellowship to Antonio Carlos Gama-Rodrigues, which facilitated his and the first author's stay at the University of Florida. We are grateful to Nicholas Comerford and Solomon Haile of the Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, for their assistance, and Katia R. Nascimento Sales and Ederaldo Azeredo Silva of Soil Laboratory, North Fluminense State University for technical support in soil sample collection and analysis. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers and Julia Showalter for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript. NR 63 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9420-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553XF UT WOS:000274399400007 PM 20069301 ER PT J AU Zheng, DL Heath, LS Ducey, MJ Butler, B AF Zheng, Daolan Heath, Linda S. Ducey, Mark J. Butler, Brett TI Relationships Between Major Ownerships, Forest Aboveground Biomass Distributions, and Landscape Dynamics in the New England Region of USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass accumulation; Forest carbon storage; Forest management; Land conservation; Ownership behaviors ID LAND-COVER DATA; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; THEMATIC ACCURACY; AREA; CONSERVATION; DATABASE; PATTERN; OREGON; MODIS AB This study utilizes remote sensing derived forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimates and ownership information obtained from the Protected Areas Database (PAD), combining landscape analyses and GIS techniques to demonstrate how different ownerships (public, regulated private, and other private) relate to the spatial distribution of AGB in New England states of the USA. "Regulated private" lands were dominated by lands in Maine covered by a Land Use Regulatory Commission. The AGB means between all pairs of the identified ownership categories were significantly different (P < 0.05). Mean AGB observed in public lands (156 Mg/ha) was 43% higher than that in regulated private lands (109 Mg/ha), or 30% higher than that of private lands as a whole. Seventy-seven percent of the regional forests (or about 9,300 km(2)) with AGB > 200 Mg/ha were located outside the area designated in the PAD and concentrated in western MA, southern VT, southwestern NH, and northwestern CT. While relatively unfragmented and high-AGB forests (> 200 Mg/ha) accounted for about 8% of total forested land, they were unevenly proportioned among the three major ownership groups across the region: 19.6% of the public land, 0.8% of the regulated private land, and 11.0% of the other private land. Mean disturbance rates (in absolute value) between 1992 and 2001 were 16, 66, and 19 percent, respectively, on public, regulated private, and other private land. This indicates that management practices from different ownerships have a strong impact on dynamic changes of landscape structures and AGB distributions. Our results may provide insight information for policy makers on issues regarding forest carbon management, conservation biology, and biodiversity studies at regional level. C1 [Zheng, Daolan; Ducey, Mark J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH USA. [Butler, Brett] US Forest Serv, USDA, Family Forest Res Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Zheng, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM daolan.zheng@unh.edu RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station [05-DG-11242343-074] FX This study is supported by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station through grant 05-DG-11242343-074. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9408-3 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553XF UT WOS:000274399400015 PM 19967361 ER PT J AU Longing, SD Voshell, JR Dolloff, CA Roghair, CN AF Longing, S. D. Voshell, J. R., Jr. Dolloff, C. A. Roghair, C. N. TI Relationships of sedimentation and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in headwater streams using systematic longitudinal sampling at the reach scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Bioassessment; Chattahoochee National Forest; Chattooga River Watershed; Streambed substrate; Assemblage metrics ID FINE SEDIMENT; RESPONSES; TRAITS AB Investigating relationships of benthic invertebrates and sedimentation is challenging because fine sediments act as both natural habitat and potential pollutant at excessive levels. Determining benthic invertebrate sensitivity to sedimentation in forested headwater streams comprised of extreme spatial heterogeneity is even more challenging, especially when associated with a background of historical and intense watershed disturbances that contributed unknown amounts of fine sediments to stream channels. This scenario exists in the Chattahoochee National Forest where such historical timber harvests and contemporary land-uses associated with recreation have potentially affected the biological integrity of headwater streams. In this study, we investigated relationships of sedimentation and the macroinvertebrate assemblages among 14 headwater streams in the forest by assigning 30, 100-m reaches to low, medium, or high sedimentation categories. Only one of 17 assemblage metrics (percent clingers) varied significantly across these categories. This finding has important implications for biological assessments by showing streams impaired physically by sedimentation may not be impaired biologically, at least using traditional approaches. A subsequent multivariate cluster analysis and indicator species analysis were used to further investigate biological patterns independent of sedimentation categories. Evaluating the distribution of sedimentation categories among biological reach clusters showed both within-stream variability in reach-scale sedimentation and sedimentation categories generally variable within clusters, reflecting the overall physical heterogeneity of these headwater environments. Furthermore, relationships of individual sedimentation variables and metrics across the biological cluster groups were weak, suggesting these measures of sedimentation are poor predictors of macroinvertebrate assemblage structure when using a systematic longitudinal sampling design. Further investigations of invertebrate sensitivity to sedimentation may benefit from assessments of sedimentation impacts at different spatial scales, determining compromised physical habitat integrity of specific taxa and developing alternative streambed measures for quantifying sedimentation. C1 [Longing, S. D.; Voshell, J. R., Jr.] Virginia Tech Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, C. A.] Virginia Tech Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dolloff, C. A.; Roghair, C. N.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Aquat Technol Transfer, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit,USDA, SE Forest Expt Stn,Dept Fisheries & Wildlife,Virg, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Longing, SD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM slonging@uark.edu NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 161 IS 1-4 BP 517 EP 530 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-0765-4 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 541FI UT WOS:000273399900042 PM 19252993 ER PT J AU Smith, JE Heath, LS AF Smith, James E. Heath, Linda S. TI Exploring the assumed invariance of implied emission factors for forest biomass in greenhouse gas inventories SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE Emission factors; Forest carbon budget; Forest inventory; UNFCCC inventory review AB Reviews of each nation's annual greenhouse gas inventory submissions including forest-land are part of the ongoing reporting process of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Goals of these reviews include improving quality and consistency within and among reports. One method of facilitating comparisons is the use of a standard index such as an implied emission factor (IEF), which for forest biomass indicates net rate of carbon emission or sequestration per area. Guidance on the use of IEFs in reviews is limited, but there is an expectation that values should be relatively constant both over time and across spatial scales. To address this hypothesis, we examine IEFs over time, derived from U.S. forests at plot-, state-, and national-levels. Results show that at increasingly aggregated levels, relative heterogeneity decreases but can still be substantial. A net increase in U.S. whole-forest IEFs over time is consistent with results from temperate forests of nations in the European Community. IEFs are better viewed as a distribution of values rather than one constant value principally because of sensitivities to productivity, disturbance, and land use change, which can all vary considerably across a nation's forest land. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, James E.; Heath, Linda S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jsmith11@fs.fed.us NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD FEB PY 2010 VL 13 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2009.10.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556PO UT WOS:000274603700006 ER PT J AU Landers, DH Simonich, SM Jaffe, D Geiser, L Campbell, DH Schwindt, A Schreck, C Kent, M Hafner, W Taylor, HE Hageman, K Usenko, S Ackerman, L Schrlau, J Rose, N Blett, T Erway, MM AF Landers, Dixon H. Simonich, Staci Massey Jaffe, Daniel Geiser, Linda Campbell, Donald H. Schwindt, Adam Schreck, Carl Kent, Michael Hafner, Will Taylor, Howard E. Hageman, Kimberly Usenko, Sascha Ackerman, Luke Schrlau, Jill Rose, Neil Blett, Tamara Erway, Marilyn Morrison TI The Western Airborne Contaminant Assessment Project (WACAP): An Interdisciplinary Evaluation of the Impacts of Airborne Contaminants in Western US National Parks SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES; DEPOSITION; TROUT; PBDES; PAHS; PCBS; FISH C1 [Landers, Dixon H.] US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Freshwater Ecol Branch, Corvallis, OR USA. [Simonich, Staci Massey] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jaffe, Daniel] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. [Geiser, Linda] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg Air Program, Corvallis, OR USA. [Campbell, Donald H.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Schwindt, Adam] Ecotox Grp, Denver, CO USA. [Kent, Michael] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Coll Agr Sci & Biomed sci, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hafner, Will] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Seattle, WA USA. [Schreck, Carl] US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR USA. [Taylor, Howard E.] US Geol Survey, Natl Res Program, Water Resources Discipline, Boulder, CO USA. [Hageman, Kimberly] Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Usenko, Sascha] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Ackerman, Luke] US FDA, College Pk, MD USA. [Rose, Neil] UCL, Environm Change Res Ctr, London, England. [Blett, Tamara] Natl Pk Serv, Denver, CO USA. [Erway, Marilyn Morrison] Dynamac Corp, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Landers, DH (reprint author), US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Freshwater Ecol Branch, Corvallis, OR USA. EM Landers.Dixon@epamail.epa.gov RI Ackerman, Luke/E-4597-2011; Guenat, Heather/H-6528-2014; Usenko, Sascha/N-8730-2015; OI Ackerman, Luke/0000-0001-6626-3039; Hageman, Kimberly/0000-0001-9187-5256; Usenko, Sascha/0000-0003-3303-2909 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX The completion of WACAP represents a tremendous coordinated effort by many individuals to whom we are indebted. An expanded list of acknowledgements is in SI-H. The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to review by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the content reflects the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 11 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 3 BP 855 EP 859 DI 10.1021/es901866e PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 548HD UT WOS:000273950100004 PM 20050680 ER PT J AU Cuevas, HE Song, H Staub, JE Simon, PW AF Cuevas, H. E. Song, H. Staub, J. E. Simon, P. W. TI Inheritance of beta-carotene-associated flesh color in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE Carotenoid; Beta-carotene; Exotic germplasm; Vitamin A; Nutraceutical ID HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; GENOMIC REGIONS; LINKAGE MAPS; QTL ANALYSIS; MELO L.; MARKERS; DISEASE; GENES AB The nutritional value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) can be improved by the introgression of beta-carotene (i.e., provitamin A and/or orange flesh) genes from "Xishuangbanna gourd" (XIS; Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan) into US pickling cucumber. However, the genetics of beta-carotene content has not been clearly defined in this US market type. Thus, three previous populations derived from a US pickling cucumber ('Addis') x XIS mating were evaluated for beta-carotene content, from which the high beta-carotene inbred line (S(4)), 'EOM 402-10', was developed. A cross was then made between the US pickling cucumber inbred line 'Gy7' [gynoecious, no beta-carotene, white flesh; P(1)] and 'EOM 402-10' [monoecious, possessing beta-carotene, orange flesh; P(2)] to determine the inheritance of beta-carotene in fruit mesocarp and endocarp tissue. Parents and derived cross-progenies (F(1), F(2), BC(1)P(1), and BC(1)P(2)) were evaluated for beta-carotene content in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin. While F(1) and BC(1)P(1) progeny produced mature fruits possessing white, light-green, and green (0.01-0.02 mu g g(-1) beta-carotene) mesocarp, the F(2) and BC(1)P(2) progeny mesocarp segregated in various hues of white, green, yellow (0.01-0.34 mu g g(-1) beta-carotene), and orange (1.90-2.72 mu g g(-1) beta-carotene). Mesocarp and endocarp F(2) segregation adequately fit a 15:1 [low-beta-carotene (0.01-0.34 mu g g(-1)): high-beta-carotene (1.90-2.72 mu g g(-1))] and 3:1 (low-beta-carotene: high-beta-carotene) ratio, respectively. Likewise, segregation of carotene concentration in mesocarp and endocarp tissues in BC(1)P(2) progeny adequately fit a 3:1 (low-beta-carotene: high-beta-carotene) and 1:1 (low-beta-carotene: high-beta-carotene) ratio, respectively. Progeny segregations indicate that two recessive genes control the beta-carotene content in the mesocarp, while one recessive gene controls beta-carotene content in the endocarp. Single marker analysis of F(2) progeny using the carotenoid biosynthesis gene Phytoene synthase determined that there was no association between this gene and the observed beta-carotene variation in either fruit mesocarp or endocarp. C1 [Staub, J. E.; Simon, P. W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS,Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Unit,Plant Breeding & Plant Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Song, H.] Nanjing Agr Univ, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. RP Cuevas, HE (reprint author), Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30606 USA. EM hcuevas@uga.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 2010 VL 171 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-0017-2 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 536ZW UT WOS:000273083500001 ER PT J AU Yan, WK Holland, JB AF Yan, Weikai Holland, James B. TI A heritability-adjusted GGE biplot for test environment evaluation SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Biplot; Genotype-by-environment interaction; Heritability; Test environment evaluation ID MULTIENVIRONMENT TRIAL DATA; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; YIELD TRIALS; SELECTION; AMMI; ERROR AB Test environment evaluation has become an increasingly important issue in plant breeding. In the context of indirect selection, a test environment can be characterized by two parameters: the heritability in the test environment and its genetic correlation with the target environment. In the context of GGE biplot analysis, a test environment is similarly characterized by two parameters: its discrimination power and its similarity with other environments. This paper investigates the relationships between GGE biplots based on different data scaling methods and the theory of indirect selection, and introduces a heritability-adjusted (HA) GGE biplot. We demonstrate that the vector length of an environment in the HA-GGE biplot approximates the square root heritability (root H) within the environment and that the cosine of the angle between the vectors of two environments approximates the genetic correlation (r) between them. Moreover, projections of vectors of test environments onto that of a target environment approximate values of r root H, which are proportional to the predicted genetic gain expected in the target environment from indirect selection in the test environments at a constant selection intensity. Thus, the HA-GGE biplot graphically displays the relative utility of environments in terms of selection response. Therefore, the HA-GGE biplot is the preferred GGE biplot for test environment evaluation. It is also the appropriate GGE biplot for genotype evaluation because it weights information from the different environments proportional to their within-environment square root heritability. Approximation of the HA-GGE biplot by other types of GGE biplots was discussed. C1 [Yan, Weikai] Agr & Agri Food Canada, ECORC, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Yan, WK (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, ECORC, Neatby Bldg,960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM weikai.yan@agr.gc.ca OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 23 TC 41 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 2010 VL 171 IS 3 BP 355 EP 369 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-0030-5 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 536ZW UT WOS:000273083500006 ER PT J AU Behera, T Staub, JE Behera, S Mason, S AF Behera, T. K. Staub, Jack E. Behera, Snigdha Mason, Shanna TI Response to phenotypic and marker-assisted selection for yield and quality component traits in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Genetic markers; MAS; QTL analysis; Multi-trait selection; Genetic gain ID QUANTITATIVE TRAITS; HORTICULTURAL TRAITS; FRUIT-QUALITY; QTL ANALYSIS; EFFICIENCY; RESISTANCE; POPULATIONS; IMPROVEMENT; MAIZE; LINES AB Two cucumber recombinant inbred lines (RILs) differing in plant habit were crossed and progeny self-pollinated to produce F-3 individuals upon which phenotypic selection was practiced to identify a base population which in turn underwent either two cycles of MAS or random mating without selection (RAN). MAS and RAN were practiced to produce F-4 and F-5 progeny sets. RIL, crossing parents, and F-3-F-5 progeny sets were then evaluated under replicated field conditions for fruit yield and quality (L:D and E:T) to evaluate gain from selection (Delta G). The broad-sense heritability (h (2) B) over cycles (C) of selection ranged 0.22-0.45, 0.09-0.20, and 0.11-0.15 for yield, L:D, and E:T, respectively. Although one cycle of PHE selection followed by MAS was effective in conserving the performance of the traits examined during inbreeding, progeny performance during RAN fluctuated (F-4-F-5 generation; C-2). Lack of Delta G during advanced generations (F-4-F-5) of MAS was likely due to allelic fixation and/or optimized epistatic complementation. C1 [Behera, T. K.] Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, New Delhi 110012, India. [Staub, Jack E.; Behera, Snigdha; Mason, Shanna] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Behera, T (reprint author), Indian Agr Res Inst, Div Vegetable Sci, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India. EM tusar@rediffmail.com FU Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India FX The fund provided by the Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for sponsoring T. K. Behera to carry out research work at Department of Horticulture, UW Madison, USA is highly acknowledged. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 EI 1573-5060 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 2010 VL 171 IS 3 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-0072-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 536ZW UT WOS:000273083500012 ER PT J AU Jenni, S Hayes, RJ AF Jenni, Sylvie Hayes, Ryan J. TI Genetic variation, genotype x environment interaction, and selection for tipburn resistance in lettuce in multi-environments SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Lactuca sativa; Calcium deficiency; Environmental stress; High temperature; Physiological disorder; GGE biplot ID CRISPHEAD LETTUCE; CALCIUM; GROWTH; LEAVES; IRRIGATION; LIGHT AB Tipburn is a calcium related and environmentally induced physiological disorder causing economic damage in all lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production regions. The objectives of this research were to determine (1) the genetic variation for tipburn incidence, (2) the genotype (G) x environment (E) interaction (GE) for tipburn incidence, and (3) the efficiency of field selection for tipburn resistance. Tipburn incidence was recorded over 2 years in Salinas, CA, and Yuma, AZ, for 55 romaine, crisphead, green leaf, and red leaf type cultivars, and over 3 years in Quebec for 15 romaine cultivars. Analysis revealed that G, E, and GE affected tipburn incidence, including crossover interactions that were not repeatable over years. This indicates that cultivar/breeding line evaluations should be based on mean performance and stability over multiple environments. Among lettuce types, only crisphead had significant genetic variability for tipburn resistance, reflecting the greater breeding effort applied to this type compared romaine, green and red leaf types. Analysis of a dataset with five romaine cultivars in eight environments in California, Arizona, and Quebec for 2 years revealed that Yuma in 2006 and Saint-Blaise in 2005 were highly correlated (r = 0.923, P < 0.05), and were the most discriminating and most representative environments for tipburn evaluation. Single plant selection for tipburn resistance in three F(2) romaine populations was ineffective. Further, the degree of head closure was significantly associated with tipburn incidence. Identification and selection of morphological characters associated with resistance in conjunction with direct selection against tipburn may be an effective method for genetic improvement of tipburn resistance. C1 [Hayes, Ryan J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Jenni, Sylvie] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Hort Res & Dev Ctr, St Jean, PQ J3B 3E6, Canada. RP Hayes, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Improvement & Protect Unit, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM Ryan.Hayes@ars.usda.gov FU California leafy green research board; Arizona iceberg lettuce research council; Conseil pour le developpement de l'agriculture du Quebec FX This research was supported by the California leafy green research board, the Arizona iceberg lettuce research council and the program of Applied Research and Technological Innovation of the Conseil pour le developpement de l'agriculture du Quebec. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD FEB PY 2010 VL 171 IS 3 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-0075-5 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 536ZW UT WOS:000273083500013 ER PT J AU Qin, B Dawson, H Anderson, RA AF Qin, Bolin Dawson, Harry Anderson, Richard A. TI Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces the overproduction of postprandial intestinal apolipoprotein B48-containing very low-density lipoprotein particles: evidence for related gene expression of inflammatory, insulin and lipoprotein signaling in enterocytes SO EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE TNF-alpha; chylomicrons and VLDL(1)-apoB48; intestinal gene expression ID TRIGLYCERIDE TRANSFER PROTEIN; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1C; DIABETES-MELLITUS; 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; ANIMAL-MODEL; FED RATS; RESISTANCE; FAT; CHYLOMICRON; PLASMA AB The aim of this study was to determine whether systemic elevation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induces intestinal-derived apolipoprotein B (apoB)48-containing very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production in hamsters after fat loading and whether TNF-alpha disturbs the related mRNA expression in inflammatory, insulin and lipoprotein signaling pathways in primary enterocytes. In vivo TNF-alpha and Triton-WR11339 infusion, Western blotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were combined to explore the mechanisms underlying intestinal overproduction of apoB48-containing chylomicrons and VLDL(1) particles by TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha infusion increased intestinal production of chylomicron and VLDL(1)-apoB48 in postprandial (fat load) states. Following TNF-alpha-treatment in enterocytes, there was enhanced gene expression of II1 alpha and beta, II6 and Tnf and decreased mRNA levels of components of the insulin signaling pathway including the insulin receptor (Ir), Ir substrate-1 and 2, P13 k, and Akt, but increased phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (Pten) protein and mRNA expression. TNF-alpha also induced Cd36 and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (Ppar)gamma expression, as well as microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mtp) protein and mRNA, but suppressed the sterol regulatory element binding protein (Srebp)1c protein and mRNA level. Systemic elevation of TNF-alpha stimulates the postprandial overproduction of apoB48-containing chylomicrons and VLDL, particles by disturbing intestinal gene expression of the inflammatory, insulin and lipoprotein pathways. These findings provide mechanistic links among the inflammatory factor, TNF-alpha, intestinal inflammatory/insulin insensitivity and the overproduction of intestinal apoB48-containing lipoproteins. C1 [Qin, Bolin; Dawson, Harry; Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Qin, Bolin] Integr Nutraceut Int, Springhill, TN 37174 USA. RP Qin, B (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 307C,Rm 215,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Bolin.Qin@ars.usda.gov; Richard.Anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 FU Integrity Nutraceuticals International and USDA'S CRADA [58-3K95-7-1184] FX The study was supported by Integrity Nutraceuticals International and USDA'S CRADA NO. 58-3K95-7-1184. We acknowledge Dr Joseph F Urban, Jr, and Dr Allison A Yates for critically reading the manuscript. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY MEDICINE PI MAYWOOD PA 195 WEST SPRING VALLEY AVE, MAYWOOD, NJ 07607-1727 USA SN 1535-3702 J9 EXP BIOL MED JI Exp. Biol. Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 235 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1258/ebm.2009.009169 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 573LL UT WOS:000275915000008 PM 20404035 ER PT J AU Chevanan, N Rosentrater, KA Muthukumarappan, K AF Chevanan, Nehru Rosentrater, Kurt A. Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan TI Effects of Processing Conditions on Single Screw Extrusion of Feed Ingredients Containing DDGS SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Single screw extrusion; Extrusion conditions; Aquaculture feed; DDGS-based blends; Changes in processing parameters; Response surface modeling ID ETHANOL COPRODUCTS; PROTEIN; TILAPIA; CORN; EXTRUDER; FRY AB Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a feed coproduct from the fuel ethanol industry, has been shown to be a viable potential alternative protein source for aquaculture feeds. To investigate this, three isocaloric (3.5kcal/g) ingredient blends containing 20, 30, and 40% DDGS, with a net protein adjusted to 28% (wet basis, wb), were prepared for use as Nile tilapia feed. Extrusion processing was then conducted using three DDGS contents (20, 30, and 40%, wb), three moisture contents (15, 20, and 25%, wb), three barrel temperature gradients (90-100-100 degrees C, 90-130-130 degrees C, and 90-160-160 degrees C), and five screw speeds (80, 100, 120, 140, and 160rpm) using a single screw laboratory extruder. Several processing parameters, including mass flow rate, net torque required, specific mechanical energy consumption, apparent viscosity, and temperature and pressure of the dough inside the barrel and die, were measured to quantify the extrusion behavior of the DDGS-based blends. For all blends, as the temperature profile increased, mass flow rate exhibited a slight decrease, die pressure decreased, and apparent viscosity exhibited a slight decrease as well. Likewise, the net torque requirement, specific mechanical energy consumption, and apparent viscosity decreased as screw speed increased, but mass flow rate increased. Additionally, as moisture content increased, die pressure decreased. At higher temperatures in the barrel and die, the viscosity of the dough was lower, leading to lower torque and specific mechanical energy requirements. Increasing the DDGS content, on the other hand, resulted in a higher mass flow rate and decreased pressure inside the die. As demonstrated in this study, the selection of suitable temperature and moisture content levels are critical for processing DDGS-based ingredient blends. C1 [Rosentrater, Kurt A.] ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. [Chevanan, Nehru] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. [Muthukumarappan, Kasiviswanathan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, USDA, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 FU Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University; North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD FX We thankfully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, and the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Brookings, SD.; Mention of a trade name, propriety product or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the United States Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval of a product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s11947-008-0065-y PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 546LW UT WOS:000273813300013 ER PT J AU Mohamed, A Xu, JY Singh, M AF Mohamed, Abdellatif Xu, Jingyuan Singh, Mukti TI Yeast leavened banana-bread: Formulation, processing, colour and texture analysis SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dehydrated banana; Soluble fibre; Suspension rheology; Bread texture; Freezable water; DMA; DSC; Potassium; Dietary fibre ID TEMPERATURE-MOISTURE RELATIONSHIP; DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; WHEAT; FIBER; PENTOSANS; POLYSACCHARIDES; QUALITY; BARLEY; DOUGH AB Banana powder (BP) was added to hard-red spring wheat (HRSW) flour intended for yeast-leavened bread formulation. Five different formulations containing 10%, 15%. 20%. 25%, and 30% BP were prepared with varying amounts of base flour, while vital gluten was maintained at 25% in all blends. Based on the added BP amounts only, the prepared bread could deliver 42.87-128.6 mg potassium/30 g of bread (one regular slice) and 0.33-1.00 g of fibre. Although the dough water absorption was increased, due to BP addition, the dough mixing tolerance (MTI) decreased. The bread loaf volume was significantly higher than the control except for the 30% blend, where the loaf volume was similar to the control. Bread staling increased with BP levels due to the high sugar content but, this effect was limited to the first two days of storage. Blends exhibited darker colour due to the high sugar and protein, while the 25% and 30% blends had the lowest percent of freezable water. The amounts of acetic acid extractable proteins from the dry blends and the dough decreased with increase in BP. The linear theological properties of the control, 10%, and 30% blends exhibited similar viscoelastic solid behaviour, where both G' and G '' had plateaus (G' > G '') and they were parallel to each other over three decades of the frequency. Blends showed higher moduli values than the control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mohamed, Abdellatif; Xu, Jingyuan; Singh, Mukti] Agr Res Serv, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Mohamed, A (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Unit, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM a.mohamed@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 118 IS 3 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.044 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 502XD UT WOS:000270492800021 ER PT J AU Sheen, S Hwang, CA AF Sheen, Shiowshuh Hwang, Cheng-An TI Mathematical modeling the cross-contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the surface of ready-to-eat meat product while slicing SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157:H7; Surface cross-contamination; Modeling; Slicing ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STAINLESS-STEEL; BIOFILM FORMATION; ATTACHMENT; SALAMI; MICROSCOPY AB Microbial cross-contamination either at home or production site is one of the major factors of causing contamination of foods and leading to the foodborne illness. The knowledge regarding Escherichia coli O157:H7 surface transfer on ready-to-eat (RTE) deli meat and the slicer used for slicing different RTE products are needed to ensure RTE food safety. The objectives of this study were to investigate and to model the surface cross-contamination of E. coli O157:H7 during slicing operation. A five-strain cocktail of E coli O157:H7 was inoculated directly onto a slicer's round blade rim area at an initial level of ca. 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 log CFU/blade (ca. 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 log CFU/cm(2) of the blade edge area), and then the RTE deli meat (ham) was sliced to a thickness of 1-2 mm. For another cross-contamination scenario, a clean blade was initially used to slice ham which was pre-surface-inoculated with E coli O157:H7 (ca. 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 log CFU/100 cm(2) area), then, followed by slicing un-inoculated ham. Results showed that the developed empirical models were reasonably accurate in describing the transfer trend/pattern of E coli O157:H7 between the blade and ham slices when the total inoculum level was >= 5 log CFU on the ham or blade. With an initial inoculum level at <= 4 log CFU, the experimental data showed a rather random microbial surface transfer pattern. The models, i.e., a power equation for direct-blade-surface-inoculation, and an exponential equation for ham-surface-inoculation are microbial load and sequential slice index dependent. The surface cross-contamination prediction of E. coli O157:H7 for sliced deli meat (ham) using the developed models were demonstrated. The empirical models may provide a useful tool in developing the RTE meat risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sheen, Shiowshuh; Hwang, Cheng-An] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastem Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sheen, S (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastem Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM shiowshuh.sheen@ars.usda.gov FU Jenelle May of the Microbial Food Safety Research FX The author recognizes the valuable and dedicated laboratory work of Jenelle May of the Microbial Food Safety Research Unit, ERRC/ARS/USDA Wyndmoor, PA. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2009.07.016 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 528IC UT WOS:000272436000007 PM 19913690 ER PT J AU Maks, N Zhu, LB Juneja, VK Ravishankar, S AF Maks, Nicole Zhu, Libin Juneja, Vijay K. Ravishankar, Sadhana TI Sodium lactate, sodium diacetate and pediocin: Effects and interactions on the thermal inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes on bologna SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; Sodium lactate; Sodium diacetate; Pediocin; Thermal inactivation; Bologna ID EAT TURKEY BOLOGNA; PREDICTIVE MODEL; PROCESSING PLANT; LIVER SAUSAGE; PORK BOLOGNA; ANTIMICROBIALS; PASTEURIZATION; 4-DEGREES-C; BEEF; CONTAMINATION AB The effects and interactions of temperature (56.3-60 degrees C), sodium lactate (SL; 0-4.8%), sodium diacetate (SD; 0-0.25%) and pediocin (0-10,000 AU) on Listeria monocytogenes on bologna were studied and a predictive inactivation model was developed. Bologna was manufactured with different SL/SD concentrations in the formulation, dipped in pediocin solution and treated at different temperatures using combinations of parameters determined by central composite design. D-values were calculated and analyzed using second order response regression. Predicted D-values were also calculated. The observed D-values for L monocytogenes on bologna ranged from 2.10 to 35.59 min. Temperature alone decreased predicted D-values from 99.02 min at 56.3 degrees C to 44.71 min at 60.0 degrees C. Adding SL decreased D-values (85.43-22.71 min) further; however, heat and SD combined was the most effective for reducing L. monocytogenes on bologna. An SD level of 0.25% at 58.2 degrees C had the overall lowest predicted D-value (15.95 min). Combination treatments increased or decreased D-values, depending on the temperature. Pediocin (2500 and 5000 AU) and heat decreased D-values, but exhibited a protective effect at higher concentrations (>= 7500 AU). The results showed that interactions between additives in formulations can vary at different temperatures/concentrations, thereby affecting thermal inactivation of foodborne pathogens in meat products. Hence, food processors should modify food formulations carefully, and verify with adequate testing so that product safety is not compromised. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maks, Nicole; Zhu, Libin; Ravishankar, Sadhana] IIT, Natl Ctr Food Safety & Technol, Summit Argo, IL 60501 USA. [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St,Rm 411,POB 210090, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture - Cooperative State Research, Education [2002-51110-01965] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service Integrated Research, Education and Extension Competitive Grant no. 2002-51110-01965. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2009.08.004 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 528IC UT WOS:000272436000011 PM 19913694 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Porto-Fett, ACS Gartner, K Tufft, L Luchansky, JB AF Juneja, Vijay K. Porto-Fett, Anna C. S. Gartner, Kelly Tufft, Linda Luchansky, John B. TI Potential for Growth of Clostridium perfringens from Spores in Pork Scrapple During Cooling SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID COOKED GROUND-BEEF; GERMINATION; TURKEY; MEDIA AB We conducted stabilization studies to determine the ability of Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow during exponential cooling of a commercial formulation of pork scrapple. Scrapple was inoculated with a mixture of three strains of C. perfringens spores (NTCC 8238, NCTC 8239, and ATCC 10288), vacuum packaged, and reheated (20 min/93.3 degrees C) in a circulating water bath. The cooked samples were cooled (30 s) in an ice bath before being transferred to a programmable water bath to cool through the temperature range of 54.4 degrees C to 7.2 degrees C in 12, 14, or 21 h to simulate deviations from the required cooling time of 6.5 h. After cooling, the samples, in duplicate, were analyzed to determine if growth from spores had occurred. The samples were plated onto tryptose-sulfite-cycloserine agar and incubated anaerobically at 37 degrees C for 48 h before counting the colonies. Minimal growth (less than 1.0 log) was observed during a 12- or 14 h cooling period. However, when the time to achieve 7.2 degrees C was extended to 21 h, C. perfringens spores germinated and grew from an inoculum of similar to 3.0 log(10) to similar to 7.8 log(10) CFU/g. Thus, scrapple must be cooled after cooking to 7.2 degrees C within 6.5 h, but for no more than 14 h, to prevent a food safety hazard from outgrowth of C. perfringens spores during cooling. C1 [Juneja, Vijay K.; Porto-Fett, Anna C. S.; Luchansky, John B.] USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Gartner, Kelly; Tufft, Linda] Hatfield Qual Meats, Hatfield, PA USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM vijay.juneja@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0405 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 547CD UT WOS:000273862200006 PM 19785539 ER PT J AU Nelson, CD Kubisiak, TL Amerson, HV AF Nelson, C. D. Kubisiak, T. L. Amerson, H. V. TI Unravelling and managing fusiform rust disease: a model approach for coevolved forest tree pathosystems SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP FUSIFORME; LOBLOLLY-PINE; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; COMPLEX TRAITS; DNA MARKERS; MAJOR GENE; RESISTANCE; FUNGUS; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION AB Fusiform rust disease remains the most destructive disease in pine plantations in the southern United States. Our ongoing research is designed to identify, map, and clone the interacting genes of the host and pathogen. Several resistance (R) genes have been identified and genetically mapped using informative pine families and single-spore isolate inoculations. In addition, we are mapping the first of many expected corresponding avirulence (Avr) genes in the fungal pathogen. The Avr genes condition avirulence/virulence and avirulence is required for an incompatible reaction (i.e., no-gall development) to take place within an inoculated tree that carries resistance at the corresponding R gene. We provide an overview of our methodology for identifying and mapping R and Avr genes, an update of our current progress, and a brief discussion of two approaches for predicting R gene genotypes of uncharacterized parental trees and for estimating the efficacy of specific pine genotypes at various planting locations. This paper emphasizes the critical importance of controlled genetic materials of both the host and pathogen for elucidating the genetic nature of resistance and virulence in coevolved forest pathosystems. C1 [Nelson, C. D.; Kubisiak, T. L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS USA. [Amerson, H. V.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nelson, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS USA. EM dananelson@fs.fed.us FU Southern Research Station and North Carolina State University [SRS-05-CA-11330126-198] FX We especially thank our predecessors and past and present colleagues in this work, especially George Kuhlman, Ron Sederoff, Rob Doudrick and Warren Nance. In addition we thank John Davis, Bro Kinloch, and Chuck Tauer for their critical reading of an earlier version of this manuscript, two anonymous reviewers for their insightful criticisms and suggestions, and the Southern Research Station and North Carolina State University for support of this research through Cooperative Agreement SRS-05-CA-11330126-198. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 40 IS 1 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2009.00608.x PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 548TS UT WOS:000273990900008 ER PT J AU Vokoun, M Amacher, GS Sullivan, J Wear, D AF Vokoun, Melinda Amacher, Gregory S. Sullivan, Jay Wear, Dave TI Examining incentives for adjacent non-industrial private forest landowners to cooperate SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Spatial interdependence; Amenity values; Strategic behavior; Forest management; Harvesting ID MANAGEMENT AB Individual landowners may capture non-timber benefits from both their own forested parcels and adjacent parcels owned by different landowners. These benefits may affect incentives for landowners to cooperate in their forest management decisions. Landowner survey data is used to examine incentives to cooperate concerning joint forest management and coordination of harvesting. We find spatial factors to be particularly important to these incentives. The percentage of neighboring land employed in agriculture or crop uses and the number of bordering landowners are important positive predictors of willingness to cooperate concerning joint forest management, while the latter has a negative effect on willingness to coordinate timing of harvest. We also find that the non-timber values an individual receives from adjacent land are important positive predictors of cooperation incentives in general. Our results confirm, first, that cross parcel externalities modeled in theoretical work do in fact exist, and, second, that there is merit to formulating future policies with the incentives of landowners to participate in cooperative agreements with neighbors in mind. Such information could be important to addressing landscape level threats to forest health and sustainability. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vokoun, Melinda] Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Amacher, Gregory S.; Sullivan, Jay] Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Wear, Dave] US Forest Serv, Souther Res Stn, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Vokoun, M (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Stevens Point, Coll Nat Resources, 800 Reserve St, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. EM mvokoun@uwsp.edu FU USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Forest Economics and Policy Unit FX The research presented in this paper is taken from the corresponding author's doctoral thesis written at Virginia Tech. A version of this work was presented at the 2006 Southern Forest Economics Workshop, Knoxville, Tennessee. We would like to thank the USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station Forest Economics and Policy Unit for providing research support. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.08.008 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550OP UT WOS:000274137700003 ER PT J AU Daniels, JM AF Daniels, Jean M. TI Assessing the lumber manufacturing sector in western Washington SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Translog cost function; Lumber manufacturing; Sawmill production; Washington ID FACTOR DEMAND; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SAWMILL INDUSTRY; ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES; PLYWOOD INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL CHANGE; WOOD QUALITY; STATES; TECHNOLOGY AB The production structure of the lumber manufacturing sector in western Washington was investigated using a translog cost function with capital, labor. and sawlog inputs. Analyses were performed with a panel data set of biennial observations from 1972 to 2002 on a cross section of sixteen western Washington counties. Production structure was examined using Allen and Morishima partial elasticities of substitution, own- and cross-price factor demand elasticities, and total factor productivity decomposed into scale effects and technical change effects. Allen and Morishima substitution elasticities agreed that capital and labor were most easily substituted inputs. Own-price elasticity at the regional level showed that capital demand was the most responsive to changes in own-price while log demand was least. Demand for logs was virtually unresponsive to changes in capital and labor price, suggesting that producers had little flexibility to reduce total costs by substituting away from log inputs. Total factor productivity increased by 1.54% every two years on average: productivity gains in the industry were dominated by scale effects. Hicks-neutral technological change was rejected; technical change bias was sawlog-saving, capital-using, and labor-neutral Results suggest that policies influencing log costs had the greatest impact on sawmill viability. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Daniels, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM jdaniels@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.09.005 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550OP UT WOS:000274137700006 ER PT J AU Stockmann, K Burchfield, J Calkin, D Venn, T AF Stockmann, Keith Burchfield, James Calkin, Dave Venn, Tyron TI Guiding preventative wildland fire mitigation policy and decisions with an economic modeling system SO FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Wildland fire economics; Preventative mitigation; Firewise; SIAM; SIMPPLLE; Cost-effectiveness analysis ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; WILDFIRE; HISTORY; VALUES; HEALTH; RISK; USA AB The protection of private residences from wildland fire produces high levels of cost and safety risk to firefighters, especially with the expanding ex-urban settlement pattern in the wildland urban interface (WUI). Economic information on probable structure losses can help guide efficient wildfire management, policy, and investments. However, no single existing modeling tool is capable of accurately predicting existing wildland fire ignition risk to WUI residences, nor are there broadly accepted models to calculate needed investments to reduce risk to WUI structures. To fill this void, a representative set of rural residences in western Montana was selected to estimate a baseline, 30-year wildland fire ignition hazard and the cost effectiveness of optional investments to reduce risk from wildfire damage to these residences. The study applied a modeling system combining outputs from a structure ignition assessment model (SIAM) with wildland fire probabilities from an ecological disturbance model (SIMPPLLE). Results indicate that the probability of structure damage to a home when a fire visits a residence is 1.0 under conditions of extreme wildland fire weather. This contrasts with the low probabilities (0-0.05) that wildland fire will reach vegetation surrounding the residence. Cost-effectiveness analysis of two suites of preventative mitigation strategies demonstrated that home mitigation zone investments (modifying houses or fuels within 30.5 m (100 ft) of a residence) are generally more cost effective in reducing risk to WUI structures than investments in silvicultural operations in surrounding forests (within 2.4 km (1.5 ml) of homes). The effectiveness of the mitigation options in modifying average home loss due to wildfire ranges from negative 19.6% to positive 63% (some silvicultural treatments did increase the probability of wildfire in simulations). While both home ignition zone mitigations and silvicultural treatments can markedly reduce wildland fire hazard estimates, the former appear to provide a more pronounced reduction in hazard as correlated with expenditures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Stockmann, Keith] US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Burchfield, James; Venn, Tyron] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Calkin, Dave] USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. RP Stockmann, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM kstockmann@fs.fed.us RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 FU McIntire-Stennis; Missoula Firelab FX The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the USDA Forest Service. Funding for this study was obtained through the McIntire-Stennis grant program, as well as through the Missoula Firelab. The authors would like to recognize the many colleagues that helped design and execute the study as well as anonymous study participants who allowed visits to and modeling of their homes. Dr. Ronald Wakimoto, Dr. Thomas Power, and Dr. Woodam Chung were all instrumental in the design of the project. The Forestry Sciences Laboratory of the Rocky Mountain Research Station hosted the study in combination with the College of Forestry and Conservation at the University of Montana, Missoula. Members of the Missoula Firelab also contributed to the study design and reviews of early drafts. Two critical reviews by Guy Robertson were very helpful focusing the formatting and reducing detail. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-9341 J9 FOREST POLICY ECON JI Forest Policy Econ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.forpol.2009.09.009 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550OP UT WOS:000274137700008 ER PT J AU McIver, JD Fettig, CJ AF McIver, James D. Fettig, Christopher J. TI Ecological Consequences of Alternative Fuel Reduction Treatments in Seasonally Dry Forests: The National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [McIver, James D.] Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Stn, Union, OR 97883 USA. [Fettig, Christopher J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP McIver, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Stn, 372 S 10th St, Union, OR 97883 USA. EM james.mciver@oregonstate.edu; cfettig@fs.fed.us NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000001 ER PT J AU Fiedler, CE Metlen, KL Dodson, EK AF Fiedler, Carl E. Metlen, Kerry L. Dodson, Erich K. TI Restoration Treatment Effects on Stand Structure, Tree Growth, and Fire Hazard in a Ponderosa Pine/Douglas-Fir Forest in Montana SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE basal area increment; crown fire; density; fuel reduction; mechanical; thinning ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; PINE FORESTS; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; NORTHERN ARIZONA; WESTERN MONTANA; FUEL REDUCTION; UNITED-STATES; OLD-GROWTH; MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE AB Crown fires that burned thousands of ha of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) forests in recent years attest to the hazardous conditions extant on the western landscape. Managers have responded with broad-scale implementation of fuel reduction treatments; however. because threats to pine forests extend beyond fire, so too must the approaches to address them. This western Montana study evaluated four treatments in a randomized complete block experiment for their effects on stand structural characteristics, growth increment, and crown fire potential. Evaluation of control, burn-only, thin-only, and thin-burn treatments showed that the combined thin-burn treatment had the greatest number of desired effects, the bum-only had the fewest, and the thin-only was intermediate. The thin-burn significantly reduced stand density, canopy cover, torching hazard, and crowning hazard and increased average diameter, height-to live-crown, and basal area increment; the thin-only reduced stand density, canopy cover, and crowning hazard and increased average diameter and basal area increment; and the bum-only reduced torching hazard and increased height-to-live crown. These structural and growth effects are related to or influence numerous stand/ecosystem properties at our site, including diameter distributions, species composition, large-tree development potential, overall tree vigor, potential for shade-intolerant tree regeneration, and resiliency to fire. Results demonstrate that well-designed restoration treatments can promote key short-term stand and ecosystem responses while significantly reducing crown fire potential. FOR. Sci. 56(1):18-31. C1 [Fiedler, Carl E.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Dodson, Erich K.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Fiedler, CE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM carl.fiedler@cfc.umt.edu; kerry.metlen@umontana.edu; edodson@fs.fed.us FU US Joint Fire Science Program FX We thank Tucker Bishop, Doug Bushey, Amber Harrison. Holly Miller, Robert Nelson, and Shelly Saras for field assistance, David Affleck for analytical consultation, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This is Contribution Number 90 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project, funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program. NR 94 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 18 EP 31 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000003 ER PT J AU Waldrop, T Phillips, RA Simon, DA AF Waldrop, Thomas Phillips, Ross A. Simon, Dean A. TI Fuels and Predicted Fire Behavior in the Southern Appalachian Mountains After Fire and Fire Surrogate Treatments SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; fuel reduction; wildfire; restoration; open woodland condition; mechanical; thinning ID UPLAND HARDWOOD FOREST; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; PRESCRIBED FIRE; NORTH-CAROLINA; STAND REPLACEMENT; OAK FORESTS; WESTERN; REGENERATION; USA; RESTORATION AB This study tested the success of fuel reduction treatments for mitigating wildfire behavior in an area that has had little previous research on fire, the southern Appalachian Mountains. A secondary objective of treatments was to restore the community to an open woodland condition. Three blocks of four treatments were installed in a mature hardwood forest in western North Carolina. Fuel reduction treatments included chainsaw felling of small trees and shrubs (mechanical treatment), two prescribed fires 3 years apart, a combination of mechanical and burning treatments, and an untreated control. Mechanical treatment eliminated vertical fuels but without prescribed burning; the mechanical treatment added litter (11%) and woody fuels (1 hour 167%; 10 hours 78%) that increased several measures of BehavePlus4-simulated fire behavior (rate of spread, flame length, spread distance, and area burned) for 5 years. Prescribed burning reduced litter mass by 80% and reduced all simulated fire behavior variables for 1 year but had no residual effect by the third year. The combined mechanical and burning treatments had hot prescribed fires (mean temperature of 517 degrees C at 30 cm aboveground) during the first burn that killed some overstory trees, resulting in increased amounts of woody fuels on the forest floor. All active treatments (fire, mechanical, and combined) reduced simulated wildfire behavior, even after a severe ice storm that added fine fuels. Prescribed burning in combination with the mechanical treatment was the most effective in reducing all measures of fire behavior and advancing restoration objectives. Each of the active treatments tested must be repeated to reduce fuels and lower wildfire behavior, but prescribed burning must be repeated frequently. FOR. SCI. 56(1):32-45. C1 [Waldrop, Thomas] Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Waldrop, T (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 233 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM twaldrop@fs.fed.us; rjphillips@fs.fed.us; simondm@earthlink.net FU US Joint Fire Science Program; US Forest Service FX This is Contribution 89 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project, funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program and by the US Forest Service through the National Fire Plan. We greatly appreciate the assistance of the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission for use of the Green River Game Land, conducting prescribed burning, oversight of mechanical felling contracts, and numerous other chores associated with the large number of researchers who used this site. Field data collection was the responsibility of many employees of the US Forest Service including Gregg Chapman, Chuck Flint, Mitch Smith, Helen Mohr, Lucy Brudnak, and a large group of summer interns. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 32 EP 45 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000004 ER PT J AU Youngblood, A AF Youngblood, Andrew TI Thinning and Burning in Dry Coniferous Forests of the Western United States: Effectiveness in Altering Diameter Distributions SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE National Fire and Fire Surrogate study; network analysis; meta-analysis; mechanical; prescribed fire ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; FUEL REDUCTION TREATMENTS; PINE/DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; STAND STRUCTURE; SIERRA-NEVADA; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; TREE MORTALITY; USA; RESTORATION; MANAGEMENT AB Western United States land managers are conducting fuel reduction and forest restoration treatments in forests with altered structural conditions. As part of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) study, thinning and burning treatments were evaluated for changing forest structure. Shifts between pretreatment and posttreatment diameter distributions at seven western FFS study sites were determined by assessing live tree diameter frequency distributions and the 10th and 90th percentile and mean diameter. Diameter distributions were based on 31,517 live trees within 76 pretreatment units and 25,061 live trees within 85 posttreatment units. Cross-site comparisons were made using meta-analysis. Values for 10th percentile diameter increased at two sites, values for 90th percentile diameter increased at six sites, and values for mean diameter increased at five sites (P < 0.05) after active treatments (thin, burn, or thin + burn) compared with control sites. Across the seven western FFS study sites, the overall effect size of the thin treatment increased for 90th percentile and mean diameter, the overall effect size of the burn treatment increased for 10th percentile, 90th percentile, and mean diameter, and the overall effect size of the thin + burn treatment increased for 10th percentile, 90th percentile, and mean diameter. This work indicates that although each of the active treatments was effective in shifting diameter distributions toward larger trees, no single treatment or entry will probably mitigate nearly a century of fire exclusion and fuel accumulation in dry coniferous forests of the western United States. FOR. SCI. 56(1):46-59. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Youngblood, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ayoungblood@fs.fed.us RI Youngblood, Andrew/A-8762-2009 OI Youngblood, Andrew/0000-0001-5976-0838 FU U.S. Joint Fire Science Program FX I acknowledge the role of site leaders and scientists at each of the seven western Fire and Fire Surrogate study sites. J. Baldwin provided helpful statistical advice. This article benefited from comments by J. Bailey, C. Fettig, K. Metlen, S. Stephens, and two anonymous reviewers. This is contribution number 168 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study, funded in part by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 46 EP 59 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000005 ER PT J AU Fettig, C Borys, R Dabney, C AF Fettig, Christopher Borys, Robert Dabney, Christopher TI Effects of Fire and Fire Surrogate Treatments on Bark Beetle-Caused Tree Mortality in the Southern Cascades, California SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; thinning; Dendroctonus ponderosae; Dendroctonus brevicomis; Scolytus ventralis ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; BURNING RESTORATION TREATMENTS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; NORTHERN ARIZONA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; STAND CONDITIONS; SIERRA-NEVADA; UNITED-STATES; NATURAL AREA; COLEOPTERA AB We examined bark beetle responses to fire and fire Surrogate treatments 2 and 4 years after the application of prescribed fire in a mixed-conifer forest in northern California. Treatments included an untreated control (C), thinning from below (T), and applications of prescribed fire (B) and T + B replicated three times in 10-ha experimental units. A total of 1,822 pine and fir trees (5.1% of all trees) were killed by bark beetles. Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) was found infesting ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.); western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte) was found infesting ponderosa pine; and fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis LeConte) was found infesting white fir (Abies concolor [Gord. & Glend.] Lindl. ex Hildebr.). Significantly higher rates of bark beetle-caused tree mortality occurred on B (9.2%) than on C (3.2%), T (<1%), or T + B (3.3%) cumulatively during the 4-year period. A total of 723 pines (4.4% of all pines) were killed by bark beetles, primarily mountain pine beetle. Attacks resulted in significantly more pine mortality on B (5%) than on C, T, or T + B (all <1%) 2 years after the application of prescribed fire. No significant treatment effects were found during the second sample period or cumulatively during the 4-year period. A total of 1,098 white fir trees (5.8% of all white fir) were killed by the fir engraver. Attacks resulted in significantly higher rates of fir mortality on T + B than on T during both sample periods but not cumulatively during the 4-year period. Overall, bark beetle-caused tree mortality was concentrated in the smaller diameter classes. The implications of these and other results to forest management are discussed. FOR. SCI. 56(1):60-73. C1 [Fettig, Christopher] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Fettig, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM cfettig@fs.fed.us; rborys@fs.fed.us; cdabney@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Department of the Interior Joint Fire Science; National Fire Plan; USDA National Research Initiative FX This article is contribution 91 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate study, funded by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Department of the Interior Joint Fire Science Program, The National Fire Plan, the USDA National Research Initiative, and home institutions and agencies of participating scientists. We thank C. Mautner (University of California-Berkeley), S. McKelvey (formerly Pacific Southwest Research Station [PSW]), L. Patterson (University of Nevada-Reno), A. Piscitelli (Humboldt State University), and C. Stoll (Chico State University) for technical assistance, and acknowledge the numerous contributions of our colleagues associated with the National FFS study and the GAMA Ecological Research team, particularly C. Skinner and M. Ritchie (Redding Silvicultural Laboratory, PSW). In addition, we thank the Klamath National Forest staff for their efforts without which this study would not have been possible. A special thanks is due to J. McMillin (Forest Health Protection, US Forest Service) for his critique, which greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 81 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 60 EP 73 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000006 ER PT J AU Hessburg, PF Povak, NA Salter, RB AF Hessburg, Paul F. Povak, Nicholas A. Salter, R. Brion TI Thinning and Prescribed Fire Effects on Snag Abundance and Spatial Pattern in an Eastern Cascade Range Dry Forest, Washington, USA SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bark beetles; snags; dry forest; prescribed burning; fire and fire surrogate; mechanical ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; TREE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; RESTORATION TREATMENTS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; OLD-GROWTH; NATURAL VARIABILITY; STAND STRUCTURE AB Mechanical thinning and prescribed burning practices are commonly used to address tree stocking, spacing, composition, and canopy and surface fuel conditions in western US mixed conifer forests. We examined the effects of these fuel treatments alone and combined on snag abundance and spatial pattern across 12 10-ha treatment units in central Washington State. A snag census was conducted before and immediately after treatments on each unit where all snags were measured and classified as either "new" (<1 year as a snag) or "old" (>1 year as a snag) mortality, and bark beetle species were censused on the bottom 3-m of the bole. Before treatment, snags were found in all units and more than two-thirds of the snags were ponderosa pine. Burning (bum-only and thin + burn combined) treatments led to increases in total snag abundance in all but the largest diameter class. Snag abundance in the large snag class (>60 cm dbh) decreased in most treatment units indicating that units with high abundance before treatment had the potential to lose more snags with treatment or time. Treatments also affected the spatial distribution of snags. The thin-only treatment reduced clumpiness, leading to a more random snag distribution, whereas the burn-only and thin + burn treatments generally retained or enhanced a clumped snag distribution. Bark beetles attacked >75% of snags across all units before and after treatments, and red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte) occurrence tended to increase after prescribed burning. Managers can use this information to tune silvicultural prescriptions to meet stocking, spacing, and fuel reduction objectives while retaining or recruiting snags, thereby increasing the utility of conditions for certain wildlife species. FOR. SCI. 56(1):74-87. C1 [Hessburg, Paul F.] US Forest Serv, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. [Povak, Nicholas A.; Salter, R. Brion] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hessburg, PF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, 1133 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM phessburg@fs.fed.us; npovak@fs.fed.us; bsalter@fs.fed.us FU US Joint Fire Science Program FX This is Contribution No. 177 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project, funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program. We appreciated field assistance provided by Anne Conway, Emily Drew, and Kevin James. John Lehmkuhl, Bill Gaines, and three anonymous reviewers provided reviews of an earlier draft. We thank James Dickinson and Tim Max for helpful statistical guidance. We are grateful to the Okanogan-Wenatche National Forests for implementing the treatments. NR 68 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 74 EP 87 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000007 ER PT J AU Gaines, W Haggard, M Begley, J Lehmkuhl, J Lyons, A AF Gaines, William Haggard, Maryellen Begley, James Lehmkuhl, John Lyons, Andrea TI Short-Term Effects of Thinning and Burning Restoration Treatments on Avian Community Composition, Density, and Nest Survival in the Eastern Cascades Dry Forests, Washington SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE restoration treatments; dry forests; avian community composition; avian abundance and density; nest survival; focal avian species; mechanical; prescribed fire ID GRAND FIR FORESTS; BLUE MOUNTAINS; BIRD RESPONSE; PINE FORESTS; SUCCESS; OREGON; RANGE; RIPARIAN; FUEL; USA AB We monitored the short-term (<3 years) response of land birds to restoration treatments (thin, burn, and thin-burn) in dry forests located on the eastern slope of the Cascade Range in Washington. Overall avian community composition did not change among the treatments. However, individual species responses varied with the chipping sparrow showing lower density in treatments, whereas hermit thrush, mountain chickadee, white-headed woodpecker, western bluebird, American crow, and common raven increased in treatment units. Daily survival rates of nesting guilds were similar in treated versus control stands; however, burn-only showed lower daily survival rates compared with other treatments. Additional research is needed to validate this result. Cavity-nesters (mountain chickadee, red-breasted nuthatch, and house wren) and foliage-nesters (chipping sparrow) used trees that were larger in diameter than available regardless of the treatment. Our results, in combination with other results from this study area, provide important implications for managers: (1) thin-burn treatments were effective at restoring habitat for several avian focal species; (2) spring burn treatments should be carefully designed to achieve desired restoration objectives; (3) large trees provide important habitat functions and are a key component for maintaining or restoring the viability of focal avian species; and (4) additional research is needed to better understand the effects of spring burning and the long-term effects of dry forest restoration treatments. FOR. SCI. 56(1):88-99. C1 [Gaines, William; Haggard, Maryellen; Lehmkuhl, John] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM wgaines@fs.fed.us; wgaines@fs.fed.us; wgaines@fs.fed.us; jlehmkuhl@fs.fed.us; allyons@fs.fed.us FU US Joint Fire Science Program; Northeast Washington Area Ecology; Pacific Northwest Region, Wenatchee Forestry Sciences Laboratory FX This is Contribution 181 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project, funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program. Further support was provided by the Northeast Washington Area Ecology Program and the Pacific Northwest Region, Wenatchee Forestry Sciences Laboratory. We are grateful to field personnel who worked in extremely rugged terrain, diverse weather conditions, and long hours to gather these data. These people included D. Berger, E. Drew, K. Kistler, J. Merriwether, J. Millard, D. Munzing, S. Piper, D. Sharpe, S. Smith, R. Strand, G. Roberts, and J. Wagenknecht. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 25 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 88 EP 99 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000008 ER PT J AU Greenberg, CH Forrest, TG Waldrop, T AF Greenberg, Cathryn H. Forrest, T. G. Waldrop, Thomas TI Short-Term Response of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods to Prescribed Fire and Mechanical Fuel Reduction in a Southern Appalachian Upland Hardwood Forest SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE burn; fire surrogate; fuel reduction; macroarthropods; southern Appalachians; upland hardwoods ID OAK FORESTS; SOIL; MACROARTHROPODS; CONSERVATION; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; ECOSYSTEMS; MOUNTAINS; ABUNDANCE AB As part of the multidisciplinary National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study, we used drift fences with pitfall traps to determine how three fuel reduction treatments affected ground-dwelling macroarthropods in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. Four experimental units, each >14 ha, were contained within each of three replicate blocks. Treatments were (1) prescribed burning, (2) mechanical felling of shrubs and small trees, (3) mechanical felling + burning, and (4) untreated controls. Mechanical understory felling was conducted in winter 2001-2002, and prescribed burning was conducted in March 2003. Mechanical felling + burning resulted in greater canopy openness compared with the other treatments as a result of hotter fires and elevated levels of subsequent tree mortality. Burning reduced leaf litter depth in both burned treatments by >80%. We captured 6,776 individual macroarthropods (460 g of dry biomass) within 22 identified orders and 59 identified families. Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were numerically dominant (27.3 and 25.9%, respectively); Lepidoptera larvae also were a dominant component of dry biomass (37%). We found no differences among treatments in the relative abundance or dry biomass of total ground-dwelling macroarthropods or within most orders; Hymenoptera (predominantly Formicidae) dry biomass was greater with mechanical felling + burning than with mechanical felling. Total relative abundance and dry biomass were low in spring and higher in late summer. Our results indicate that prescribed burning and mechanical fuel reduction treatments conducted in winter or early spring have little impact on the community composition, relative abundance, or biomass of total arthropods or most arthropod orders and families, at least in the short term. However, because we did not use a killing agent, our trapping method probably undersampled macroarthropods that could climb or fly from traps, and results for those groups should be interpreted cautiously. Our study suggests that the fuel reduction methods studied may be used as a land management tool in upland hardwood forest with little effect on macroarthropod communities or the ground-dwelling arthropod prey base for vertebrates. FOR. Sci. 56(1):112-121. C1 [Greenberg, Cathryn H.; Waldrop, Thomas] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. [Forrest, T. G.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Greenberg, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. EM kgreenberg@fs.fed.us; tforrest@unca.edu; twaldrop@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service; Interagency Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP); Wildlife Resources Commission FX This is contribution number 187 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate (NFFS) research project. This research was funded by the US Forest Service through the National Fire Plan. Although the authors received no direct funding for this research from the Interagency Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP), it was greatly facilitated by the JFSP support of existing NFFS project sites. We thank J. Baker, A. Livings Tomcho, J. Tomcho, D. Watts, V. Sudilovsky, T. Hayes, G. Graeter, P. Craig, S. Walter, and several volunteers for help in establishing drift fence arrays and/or sampling macroarthropods. A. L. Tomcho deserves special thanks for many hours of sorting through macroarthropod collections. R. Phillips and others collected and provided habitat data. J. L. Hanula and R. W. Perry and two anonymous reviewers provided useful suggestions to improve earlier versions of this manuscript. We thank the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, especially D. Simon. for support, for permitting this study to be conducted on state Game Lands, and for conducting all fuel reduction treatments. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 112 EP 121 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000010 ER PT J AU Kilpatrick, ES Waldrop, TA Lanham, JD Greenberg, CH Contreras, TH AF Kilpatrick, Eran S. Waldrop, Thomas A. Lanham, Joseph D. Greenberg, Cathryn H. Contreras, Tom H. TI Short-Term Effects of Fuel Reduction Treatments on Herpetofauna from the Southeastern United States SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE herpetofauna; path analysis; prescribed burning; Southeastern forests; forest management; mechanical ID AVIAN COMMUNITY RESPONSE; RED-COCKADED WOODPECKERS; PATH-ANALYSIS; FORESTS; RESTORATION; FIRE; BOTTOMLAND; ABUNDANCE; SNAKES AB Path analysis of fuel reduction treatments on herpetofauna across four southeastern sites of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Study provided quantitative evidence relating changes in vegetation and fuels to herpetofauna response. Fuel reduction treatments included prescribed burning (B), a mechanical treatment (M), mechanical treatment followed by prescribed burning (MB), and an untreated control (C). Treatment effects on herpetofauna response variables were predicted by the direct and indirect effects of stand basal area, coarse woody debris volume, native herb cover, and forest floor depth. Path models were solved for lizard, snake, and reptile response to fuel reduction treatments. Lizard and reptile abundance were higher in B and MB plots than in C and M plots. Increasing native herb cover best predicted lizard and reptile abundance within B and MB plots. Native herb cover, lizard, and reptile abundance were highest in B and MB plots, and each of these response variables responded positively to B and MB. FOR. SCI. 56(1):122-130. C1 [Kilpatrick, Eran S.] Univ S Carolina Salkehatchie, Div Math & Sci, Walterboro, SC 29488 USA. [Waldrop, Thomas A.; Greenberg, Cathryn H.] US Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Lanham, Joseph D.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. [Contreras, Tom H.] Washington & Jefferson Coll, Washington, DC USA. RP Kilpatrick, ES (reprint author), Univ S Carolina Salkehatchie, Div Math & Sci, POB 1337, Walterboro, SC 29488 USA. EM erankil@mailbox.sc.edu; twaldrop@fs.fed.us; lanhamj@exchange.clemson.edu; kgreenberg@fs.fed.us; tcontreras@washjeff.edu FU U.S. Joint Fire Science Program; US Forest Service, Southern Research Station [SRS-4156] FX This is Contribution 166 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate project, funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program and by the US Forest Service, Southern Research Station (SRS-4156) through the National Fire Plan. Thanks also go to W. Bridges and D. Moore for statistical assistance. We are grateful to C. McGhee, B. Cromer, L. Lowry, and S. McCullers for assistance with fieldwork. We express gratitude to R. Phillips for environmental data and to C. Guyer and K. Sieving for herpetofauna data sets. K. Vulinec assisted with sampling and also provided useful comments on earlier drafts. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 122 EP 130 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000011 ER PT J AU Hurteau, S Sisk, T Dickson, BG Block, W AF Hurteau, Sarah Sisk, Thomas Dickson, Brett G. Block, William TI Variability in Nest Density, Occupancy, and Home Range Size of Western Bluebirds after Forest Treatments SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; thinning; Sialia mexicana; Western Bluebird; forest treatments; mechanical ID PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; NORTHERN ARIZONA; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; BIRD COMMUNITIES; PRESCRIBED FIRE; SIERRA-NEVADA; SNAG DENSITY; HABITAT; SUCCESS; USA AB Complex land use and fuels management histories have resulted in significant changes in composition, structure, and function of southwestern forests and subsequent changes in the extent and quality of wildlife habitats. We evaluated how several currently used fuel reduction treatments (e.g., mechanical thinning and prescribed fire alone and in combination) affect nest attributes, nest density, nest tree occupancy, and home range size of Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-dominated forests of northern Arizona. Nest attributes, such as number of eggs or nestlings, varied among treatments, but did not differ statistically. Western Bluebird nest density was significantly influenced by treatment, with densities higher in treated areas, even though snag density was lower in treated areas than in control areas. The average (+/-SE) area of the 50% contour, across all treatment units, was 0.42 +/- 0.07 ha, and the average area of the 90% contour was 2.36 +/- 0.30 ha. Home range sizes for both probability contours evaluated were 1.5 times larger in the thin-only treatments than in the control units. Conversely, home range area in thin-and-burn treatments was approximately 30% smaller than in control units. The largest home ranges occurred in the burn-only treatments. Our results suggest that forest treatments, such as thinning and prescribed fire are, in general, beneficial to Western Bluebirds, but that low snag retention may be problematic in areas receiving prescribed fire as part of their treatment action. FOR. SCI. 56(1):131-138. C1 [Sisk, Thomas; Dickson, Brett G.] No Arizona Univ, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Block, William] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Hurteau, S (reprint author), 114 N San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM shurteau@tnc.org; thomas.sisk@nau.edu; brett.dickson@nau.edu; wblock@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program; Rocky Mountain Research Station; Forest Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; TE, Inc.; Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research at Northern Arizona University FX We thank C. Nunes for 2 years of diligent work on this project and D. Huebner for fabrication of the cavity-camera system. I also thank J. Prather, S. Schick, R. Drum, D. Wood, S. Newell, S.B. Hill, K. Bratland, N. Flood, S. Stollery, D. Johnson, J. Wengreen, A. Lyons, and C. Chew. We also thank S. Rosenstock for invaluable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. This is Contribution Number 183 of the National Fire and Fire Surrogate Project (FFS), funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Sciences Program. This research was also supported in pan by funds provided by Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, T&E, Inc., and the Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research at Northern Arizona University. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 1 SI SI BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 558VJ UT WOS:000274776000012 ER PT J AU Long, EK Rosenberger, TA Picklo, MJ AF Long, Eric K. Rosenberger, Thad A. Picklo, Matthew J., Sr. TI Ethanol withdrawal increases glutathione adducts of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal but not 4-hydroxyl-2-nonenal in the rat cerebral cortex SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Lipid peroxidation; Glutathione; Docosahexaenoic acid; 4-Hydroxyhexenal; 4-Hydroxynonenal; Ethanol withdrawal; Free radicals ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BRAIN LIPID-PEROXIDATION; KAPPA-B ACTIVATION; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ALCOHOL-WITHDRAWAL; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GLUTAMATERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION; URINARY METABOLITE; N-3 AB Ethanol withdrawal increases lipid peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoate (22:6; n-3) in the CNS. To further define the role of oxidative damage of PUFAs during ethanol withdrawal, we measured the levels of glutathione adducts of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (GSHHE) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (GSHNE) as biomarkers of brain lipid peroxidation of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, respectively. In this study rats received an ethanol-containing diet for 6 weeks followed by withdrawal ranging from 0 to 7 days. GSHHE content was elevated (>350%) in the cerebral cortex after 2 days of withdrawal with no change in GSHNE. The levels of GSHHE were significantly greater (2- to 20-fold) than those of GSHNE in multiple brain regions. Experiments demonstrated that intoxication and withdrawal did not alter the enzymatic rate of formation of GSHHE or GSHNE, but the rate of formation of GSHHE was higher (similar to 50%) than that of GSHNE. These results indicate that selective oxidative damage to n-3 PUFAs occurs in the cerebral cortex as a result of ethanol withdrawal and that 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal is metabolized to the GSH adduct more efficiently than HNE. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Long, Eric K.; Rosenberger, Thad A.; Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. [Picklo, Matthew J., Sr.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. RP Picklo, MJ (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Ctr, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. EM matthew.picklo@ars.usda.gov FU NCRR [5P20RR017699-08] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge NIH Grant 5P20RR017699-08 funded through the NCRR and the technical assistance of Elvira Tkach. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 3 BP 384 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.048 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 549NE UT WOS:000274057000002 PM 19878718 ER PT J AU Arkle, RS Pilliod, DS Strickler, K AF Arkle, Robert S. Pilliod, David S. Strickler, Katherine TI Fire, flow and dynamic equilibrium in stream macroinvertebrate communities SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE burn severity; dynamic equilibrium; macroinvertebrate community; peak streamflow; wildfire disturbance ID IDAHO USA STREAMS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; DISTURBANCE; COMPETITION; RESPONSES; WILDFIRE; ECOLOGY; ORGANIZATION; ASSEMBLAGES; DIVERSITY AB 1. The complex effects of disturbances on ecological communities can be further complicated by subsequent perturbations within an ecosystem. We investigated how wildfire interacts with annual variations in peak streamflow to affect the stability of stream macroinvertebrate communities in a central Idaho wilderness, USA. We conducted a 4-year retrospective analysis of unburned (n = 7) and burned (n = 6) catchments, using changes in reflectance values (Delta NBR) from satellite imagery to quantify the percentage of each catchment's riparian and upland vegetation that burned at high and low severity. 2. For this wildland fire complex, increasing riparian burn severity and extent were associated with greater year-to-year variation, rather than a perennial increase, in sediment loads, organic debris, large woody debris (LWD) and undercut bank structure. Temporal changes in these variables were correlated with yearly peak flow in burned catchments but not in unburned reference catchments, indicating that an interaction between fire and flow can result in decreased habitat stability in burned catchments. 3. Streams in more severely burned catchments exhibited increasingly dynamic macroinvertebrate communities and did not show increased similarity to reference streams over time. Annual variability in macroinvertebrates was attributed, predominantly, to the changing influence of sediment, LWD, riparian cover and organic debris, as quantities of these habitat components fluctuated annually depending on burn severity and annual peak streamflows. 4. These analyses suggest that interactions among fire, flow and stream habitat may increase inter-annual habitat variability and macroinvertebrate community dynamics for a duration approaching the length of the historic fire return interval of the study area. C1 [Arkle, Robert S.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Pilliod, David S.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. [Strickler, Katherine] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID USA. RP Arkle, RS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM rarkle@usgs.gov OI Pilliod, David/0000-0003-4207-3518 FU The Joint Fire Science Program [01-1-3-12]; USDA Forest Service R1/4 National Fire Plan Adaptive Management and Monitoring Program; US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative; Payette National Forest; University of Idaho's College of Natural Resources and Taylor Ranch Wilderness Field Station FX The Joint Fire Science Program (grant # 01-1-3-12), USDA Forest Service R1/4 National Fire Plan Adaptive Management and Monitoring Program, and US Geological Survey Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative provided funding for this study. The authors thank K. Lohman and V. Saab for initiating research in the South Fork Salmon. J. Evans and T. Jain provided burn severity GIS support. Many hard-working field assistants helped collect the data. Field facilities and support were provided by the Payette National Forest; in particular M. Faurot, S. Hescock, and the Krassel Helirappelers were extremely helpful. Laboratory facilities and support were provided by University of Idaho's College of Natural Resources and Taylor Ranch Wilderness Field Station. The authors thank several anonymous reviewers for helping us improve the manuscript. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement of the U.S. Government. Research conducted under State of Idaho Department of Fish and Game wildlife collecting permit # 030716 and Payette National Forest research permit. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 299 EP 314 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02275.x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 543TW UT WOS:000273602500003 ER PT J AU Dubovenko, AG Dunaevsky, YE Belozersky, MA Oppert, B Lord, JC Elpidina, EN AF Dubovenko, Aleksej G. Dunaevsky, Yakov E. Belozersky, Mikhail A. Oppert, Brenda Lord, Jeffrey C. Elpidina, Elena N. TI Trypsin-like proteins of the fungi as possible markers of pathogenicity SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Extracellular peptidases; Pathogens; Saprotrophs; Serine peptidase homologs; Trypsin-like peptidases ID SERINE PROTEASES; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; SEQUENCE; CHYMOTRYPSIN; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; HOMOLOGS; DATABASE AB Sequences of peptidases with conserved motifs around the active site residues that are characteristic of trypsins (similar to trypsin peptidases, STP) were obtained from publicly-available fungal genomes and related databases. Among the 75 fungal genomes, 29 species of parasitic Ascomycota contained genes encoding STP and their homologs. Searches of non-redundant protein sequences, patented protein sequences, and expressed sequence tags resulted in another 18 STP sequences in 10 fungal species from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. A comparison of fungi species containing STP sequences revealed that almost all are pathogens of plants, animals or fungi. A comparison of the primary structure of homologous proteins, including the residues responsible for substrate binding and specificity of the enzyme, revealed three groups of homologous sequences, all presumably from Si family: trypsin-like peptidases, chymotrypsin-like peptidases and serine peptidases with unknown substrate specificity. Homologs that are presumably functionally inactive were predicted in all groups. The results in general support the hypothesis that the expression of trypsin-like peptidases in fungi represents a marker of fungal phytopathogenicity. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using peptidase and homolog amino acid sequences, demonstrating that all have noticeable differences and almost immediately deviate from the common root. Therefore, we conclude that the changes that occurred in STP of pathogenic fungi in the course of evolution represent specific adaptations to proteins of their respective hosts, and mutations in peptidase genes are important components of life-style changes and taxonomic divergence. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society. C1 [Oppert, Brenda; Lord, Jeffrey C.] ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Dubovenko, Aleksej G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Bioengn & Bioinformat, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Dunaevsky, Yakov E.; Belozersky, Mikhail A.; Elpidina, Elena N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Lord, JC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM jeff.lord@ars.usda.gov RI Dunaevsky, Yakov/H-6105-2012; Belozersky, Mikhail/H-5714-2012; Elpidina, Elena/D-5646-2012 FU ISTC [3455]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [10-04-00739] FX The research was performed with the support of ISTC grant #3455 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant # 10-04-00739). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD FEB-MAR PY 2010 VL 114 IS 2-3 BP 151 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2009.11.004 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 594ED UT WOS:000277515900003 PM 20960971 ER PT J AU Mauro-Herrera, M Meerow, AW Perera, L Russell, J Schnell, RJ AF Mauro-Herrera, Margarita Meerow, Alan W. Perera, Lalith Russell, Joanne Schnell, Raymond J. TI Ambiguous genetic relationships among coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) cultivars: the effects of outcrossing, sample source and size, and method of analysis SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE 'Atlantic Tall'; Cocos nucifera; Coconut; Clustering method; Microsatellite DNA; 'Panama Tall'; Population structure; Sample size; WRKY ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE DNA; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; SRI-LANKA; MARKERS; DIVERSITY; ACCESSIONS; INFERENCE; PROGRAM AB A prior analysis of eight coconut cultivars with 15 microsatellite (SSR) markers drew unexpected relationships between two of the out-crossing tall cultivars evaluated: 'Atlantic Tall' and 'Panama Tall'. We further investigated the relationships between these eight cultivars by increasing the number of individuals studied (particularly for 'Atlantic Tall' and 'Panama Tall'), by including 28 more molecular markers, and by adding two other cultivars to our analysis. Our results show that five to ten coconut individuals do not represent a dependable sample to withdraw conclusions regarding cultivar/variety relationships, particularly when studying out-crossing genotypes. As suggested in the prior study, a high level of hybridization was observed between the 'Atlantic Tall' and 'Panama Tall' cultivars. However, at this time we were able to identify distinct groups for each one of these two cultivars. The two clustering methods used (Neighbor Joining, NJ and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean, UPGMA) produced dendrograms that resolved contrasting cultivar relationships, especially for the 'Atlantic Tall' and 'Panama Tall' cultivars. We discuss the implications of our results in regard to current scenarios of coconut domestication and future considerations when assessing genetic relationships among different varieties. C1 [Mauro-Herrera, Margarita; Meerow, Alan W.; Schnell, Raymond J.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Perera, Lalith] Coconut Res Inst, Genet & Plant Breeding Div, Lunuwilla 61150, Sri Lanka. [Russell, Joanne] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM alan.meerow@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 203 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s10722-009-9463-x PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 546YV UT WOS:000273852400005 ER PT J AU Han, ZX Wu, F Deng, GB Qian, G Yu, MQ Jia, YL AF Han, Zhaoxue Wu, Fang Deng, Guangbing Qian, Gang Yu, Maoqun Jia, Yulin TI Structural and expressional analysis of the B-hordein genes in Tibetan hull-less barley SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE B-hordeins; Hull-less barley; Multigene family; Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR); 5 '-Flanking regulatory region; Single oligonucleotide nested PCR (SON-PCR) ID STORAGE PROTEIN GENES; ALLELIC VARIATION; MALTING QUALITY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CULTIVATED BARLEY; GLUTENIN SUBUNIT; DOUGH PROPERTIES; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; GLIADIN GENES; COMMON WHEATS AB The B-hordein gene family was analyzed from two Tibetan hull-less barley cultivars Z09 and Z26 (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). Fourteen B-hordein genes, designated BZ09-2 to BZ09-5 (from Z09) and BZ26-1 to BZ26-10 (from Z26), were sequenced. Seven of them, similar to a previously reported BZ09-1 from Z09, were predicted to encode putative active proteins each with a signal peptide, a repetitive domain, and a C-terminal region; seven of them were predicted to be pseudogenes. The B-hordein gene family was analyzed using all known representatives of B-hordein sequences and two most similar LMW-GSs of Triticum aestivum. Alignment of these seven putative proteins with known B-hordeins and two most similar LMW-GSs of T. aestivum revealed that they shared a common motif. A large variation was observed between numbers of repeat units of predicted B-hordeins of Z26 and Z09. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all BZ26 clones were clustered in a subgroup, and BZ09-1 formed another subgroup by itself in the putative eight active genes. In addition, six 5'-upstream regulatory sequences of the B-hordein genes were isolated from the two accessions by a single oligonucleotide nested PCR, and several different mutations were identified in the cis-acting element GLM and two distinctive sequences (Z09P-2 and Z26P-3). Phylogenetic analysis of 5'-upstream regulatory regions of the B-hordein genes showed that members from the same accession were clustered together except for two distinct members. Quantitative real time PCR analysis indicated distinct expression levels of B-hordein genes in four developing stages of developing grains in two accessions. These findings suggest B-hordein genes have intrinsic differences between accessions, and this knowledge will be useful for incorporating the B-hordeins protein in barley breeding programs. C1 [Wu, Fang; Deng, Guangbing; Qian, Gang; Yu, Maoqun] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. [Han, Zhaoxue] NW A&F Univ, Coll Life Sci, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Han, Zhaoxue] Nanjing Univ, Coll Life Sci, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Jia, Yulin] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Yu, MQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Biol, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. EM yumaoqun@cib.ac.cn; yulin.jia@ars.usda.gov FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006FY110700]; National Science and Technology [2006BAD13B02-13] FX This work was financially supported by the Special Basic Research Funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006FY110700) and the National Science and Technology Supporting Programs (2006BAD13B02-13). The authors are thankful for the cooperation between USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center and Chengdu Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences. For proofreading the authors are thankful to Ellen McWhirter. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PD FEB PY 2010 VL 138 IS 2 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s10709-009-9415-6 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 537AB UT WOS:000273084000008 PM 19856114 ER PT J AU Schafer, KVR Clark, KL Skowronski, N Hamerlynck, EP AF Schaefer, Karina V. R. Clark, Kenneth L. Skowronski, Nicholas Hamerlynck, Erik P. TI Impact of insect defoliation on forest carbon balance as assessed with a canopy assimilation model SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 4C-A; canopy assimilation; defoliation; New Jersey Pine Barrens; sap flux ID LEAF NITROGEN CONCENTRATION; SAP FLUX MEASUREMENTS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; WATER-VAPOR; NEW-JERSEY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FLOW; AREA AB Disturbances such as fire, hurricanes, and herbivory often result in the net release of CO(2) from forests to the atmosphere, but the magnitude of carbon (C) loss is poorly quantified and difficult to predict. Here, we investigate the carbon balance of an oak/pine forest in the New Jersey Pine Barrens using the Canopy Conductance Constrained Carbon Assimilation (4C-A) model. The 4C-A model utilizes whole-tree sap-flux and leaf-level photosynthetic gas exchange measurements at distinct canopy levels to estimate canopy assimilation. After model parameterization, sensitivity analyses, and evaluation against eddy flux measurements made in 2006, the model was used to predict C assimilation for an undisturbed year in 2005, and in 2007 when the stand was completely defoliated for 2-3 weeks during an infestation of gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.). Following defoliation, only 50% of the foliage reemerged in a second flush. In 2007, canopy net assimilation (A(nC)), as modeled with the 4C-A, was reduced to approximately 75% of A(nC) in 2006 (940 vs. 1240 g C m-2 a-1). Overall, net primary production (NPP) in 2007 was approximately 240 g C m-2 a-1 (vs. 250 g C m-2 a-1 in 2006), with 60% of NPP allocated to foliage production, a short-term carbon pool. Woody biomass accumulation, a long-term carbon pool, was reduced by 20% compared with the previous year (72 vs. 57 g C m-2 a-1 in 2006 and 2007, respectively). The overall impact of the defoliation spanned 21% of upland forests (320 km2) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, representing a significant amount of overall C not being taken up from the atmosphere by the forest, thus not accumulated in the biosphere. C1 [Schaefer, Karina V. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Clark, Kenneth L.; Skowronski, Nicholas] US Forest Serv, USDA, New Lisbon, NJ 08064 USA. [Skowronski, Nicholas] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, Grad Program Ecol & Evolut, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hamerlynck, Erik P.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Schafer, KVR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 195 Univ Ave, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM karinavr@andromeda.rutgers.edu RI Skowronski, Nicholas/N-4417-2013 OI Skowronski, Nicholas/0000-0002-5801-5614 FU National Science Foundation [0456241] FX The authors express appreciation to the anonymous reviewers that greatly improved this manuscript. The authors would like to thank M. Xu for providing soil moisture data for 2006 and B. Langford, D. Miretskiy, and K. Paraiso for preparing leaf samples for C and N analysis. This project was funded in part from the National Science Foundation Grant Award #0456241 to E. P. H. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 546 EP 560 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02037.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EX UT WOS:000274419400006 ER PT J AU Hollinger, DY Ollinger, SV Richardson, AD Meyers, TP Dail, DB Martin, ME Scott, NA Arkebauer, TJ Baldocchi, DD Clark, KL Curtis, PS Davis, KJ Desai, AR Dragoni, D Goulden, ML Gu, L Katul, GG Pallardy, SG Paw, KT Schmid, HP Stoy, PC Suyker, AE Verma, SB AF Hollinger, D. Y. Ollinger, S. V. Richardson, A. D. Meyers, T. P. Dail, D. B. Martin, M. E. Scott, N. A. Arkebauer, T. J. Baldocchi, D. D. Clark, K. L. Curtis, P. S. Davis, K. J. Desai, A. R. Dragoni, D. Goulden, M. L. Gu, L. Katul, G. G. Pallardy, S. G. Paw U, K. T. Schmid, H. P. Stoy, P. C. Suyker, A. E. Verma, S. B. TI Albedo estimates for land surface models and support for a new paradigm based on foliage nitrogen concentration SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE albedo; nitrogen; vegetation ID CANOPY REFLECTANCE; BIOSPHERE MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY FLUXES; BOREAL FOREST; UNITED-STATES; LEAF NITROGEN AB Vegetation albedo is a critical component of the Earth's climate system, yet efforts to evaluate and improve albedo parameterizations in climate models have lagged relative to other aspects of model development. Here, we calculated growing season albedos for deciduous and evergreen forests, crops, and grasslands based on over 40 site-years of data from the AmeriFlux network and compared them with estimates presently used in the land surface formulations of a variety of climate models. Generally, the albedo estimates used in land surface models agreed well with this data compilation. However, a variety of models using fixed seasonal estimates of albedo overestimated the growing season albedo of northerly evergreen trees. In contrast, climate models that rely on a common two-stream albedo submodel provided accurate predictions of boreal needle-leaf evergreen albedo but overestimated grassland albedos. Inverse analysis showed that parameters of the two-stream model were highly correlated. Consistent with recent observations based on remotely sensed albedo, the AmeriFlux dataset demonstrated a tight linear relationship between canopy albedo and foliage nitrogen concentration (for forest vegetation: albedo=0.01+0.071%N, r2=0.91; forests, grassland, and maize: albedo=0.02+0.067%N, r2=0.80). However, this relationship saturated at the higher nitrogen concentrations displayed by soybean foliage. We developed similar relationships between a foliar parameter used in the two-stream albedo model and foliage nitrogen concentration. These nitrogen-based relationships can serve as the basis for a new approach to land surface albedo modeling that simplifies albedo estimation while providing a link to other important ecosystem processes. C1 [Hollinger, D. Y.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ollinger, S. V.; Richardson, A. D.; Martin, M. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Meyers, T. P.] ATDD, ARL, NOAA, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dail, D. B.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME USA. [Scott, N. A.] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Arkebauer, T. J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE USA. [Baldocchi, D. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clark, K. L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Silas Little, NJ USA. [Curtis, P. S.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Davis, K. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI USA. [Dragoni, D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Goulden, M. L.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Gu, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Katul, G. G.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. [Pallardy, S. G.] Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO USA. [Paw U, K. T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schmid, H. P.] IFU, FZK IMK, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Stoy, P. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Suyker, A. E.; Verma, S. B.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Hollinger, DY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM dhollinger@fs.fed.us RI Stoy, Paul/D-3709-2011; Katul, Gabriel/A-7210-2008; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Goulden, Michael/B-9934-2008; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Schmid, Hans Peter/I-1224-2012; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Stoy, Paul/0000-0002-6053-6232; Katul, Gabriel/0000-0001-9768-3693; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431; Schmid, Hans Peter/0000-0001-9076-4466; Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement [DE-AI02-07ER64355]; NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program; Interdisciplinary Science Program; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station FX We thank the Northeast Wilderness Trust and GMO, LLC for providing access to the research site in Howland, Maine. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI02-07ER64355, and NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program and Interdisciplinary Science Program with contributions from the Harvard Forest and Hubbard Brook Long-Term Ecological Research programs and the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station. NR 75 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 74 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 696 EP 710 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02028.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EX UT WOS:000274419400017 ER PT J AU Dave, JM Evans, AE Pfeiffer, KA Watkins, KW Saunders, RP AF Dave, Jayna M. Evans, Alexandra E. Pfeiffer, Karin A. Watkins, Ken W. Saunders, Ruth P. TI Correlates of availability and accessibility of fruits and vegetables in homes of low-income Hispanic families SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MEXICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FOOD INSECURITY; CHILDRENS FRUIT; GREATER ACCULTURATION; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; DIETARY BEHAVIORS AB Availability and accessibility (AA) has been consistently shown across studies as the most important correlate of fruits and vegetables (FV) intake. However, there is little data on factors that influence AA of FV, especially in Hispanic families. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between parental factors, child's preferences for FV and AA of FV in homes of low-income Hispanic families with children 5-12 years old. A convenience sample of 184 parents of low socioeconomic status recruited through public elementary schools completed a self-administered questionnaire about demographics, language spoken at home and food insecurity (FI). Parental factors and child's preferences were measured using a 16-item questionnaire, which was developed specifically for the study. AA of FV was measured using a validated nine-item index. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that language spoken at home, parental practices that promote consumption of FV, parental role modeling and perceived benefits of fast food had significant and independent associations with AA of FV at home. Intervention programs should take into consideration the language spoken at home and target at improving parental factors in order to improve AA of FV. C1 [Dave, Jayna M.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Evans, Alexandra E.] Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Michael & Susan Dell Ctr Adv Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701 USA. [Pfeiffer, Karin A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Kinesiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Watkins, Ken W.; Saunders, Ruth P.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Dave, JM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, ARS,Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM jmdave@bcm.tmc.edu NR 84 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 25 IS 1 BP 97 EP 108 DI 10.1093/her/cyp044 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 544ZV UT WOS:000273701600010 PM 19654221 ER PT J AU Pounders, CT Blythe, EK Fare, DC Knox, GW Sibley, JL AF Pounders, Cecil T. Blythe, Eugene K. Fare, Donna C. Knox, Gary W. Sibley, Jeff L. TI Crapemyrtle Genotype x Environment Interactions, and Trait Stability for Plant Height, Leaf-out, and Flowering SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lagerstroemia indica; L. fauriei; L. indica x L. fauriei; best linear unbiased predictin (BLUP); cluster analysis; stability analysis; cultivar evaluations ID CRAPE-MYRTLE; LAGERSTROEMIA; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; GROWTH AB This study reports on the performance of 34 clones of crapemytle (Lagerstroemia indica L., L. fauriei Koehne, and L. indica X L.fauriei hybrids) grown in field plots at four locations representative of different environments in the southeastern United States. Traits evaluated were spring leaf-out and initiation of flowering in the second season after field planting and plant height after 3 years of growth. Cluster analysis (Ward's method) was used for grouping and comparison of means across locations for each trait. Best linear unbiased prediction was used for estimating random effects in linear and generalized linear mixed models to better determine the general performance of the clones under a variety of environmental conditions. Each clone's trait stability was quantified using the regression of an individual genotype's performance for each of the three studied traits on an environmental index based on the trait mean for all genotypes grown in an environment. Sequence of clone leaf-out and size rankings were more stable across the environments than the sequence in which the various clones initiated flowering. L. fauriei clones and clones originating from the initial cross between L. indica and L. fauriei were generally later to leaf out, earlier to flower, and more vigorous growers than L. indica or the complex L. indica x L.fauriei clones that were evaluated. First flowering, was affected by environmental variation more with interspecific hybrids than with L. fauriei and L. indica clones. Performance, particularly with respect to plant height, of several clones did not agree with previously published classifications. Information generated by this study,will allow crapemyrtle breeders, landscape professionals, and consumers to better select the most appropriate crapemyrtle clone for a particular application. C1 [Pounders, Cecil T.] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Blythe, Eugene K.] Mississippi State Univ, Coastal Res & Extens Ctr, S Mississippi Branch Expt Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Fare, Donna C.] USDA ARS, US Natl Arboretum, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. [Knox, Gary W.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Environm Hort, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Sibley, Jeff L.] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Pounders, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W,POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM cecil.pounders@ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 198 EP 207 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 565SI UT WOS:000275314300003 ER PT J AU Rinehart, TA Scheffler, BE Reed, SM AF Rinehart, Timothy A. Scheffler, Brian E. Reed, Sandra M. TI Ploidy Variation and Genetic Diversity in Dichroa SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE simple sequence repeats; SSR; microsatellite markers; Hydranges macrophylla; Dichroa febrifuga; Dichroa versicolor; Hydrangea indochinensis ID HYDRANGEA-MACROPHYLLA; GENUS HYDRANGEA; RBCL AB Recent evidence suggests a close genetic relationship between Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. and D. febrifuga Lour., which supports previous morphological and DNA sequence data. This relationship was confirmed by the production of fertile intergeneric hybrids. We characterize the genetic diversity of available D. febrifuga plants, both cultivars and wild-collected taxa, as breeding material to improve H.. macrophylla. Relatively high genetic diversity is seen among D. febrifuga. which splits into two main clusters. We also document considerable differences in genome size when compared with previously characterized D. febrifuga. Dichroa versicolor (Fortune) D.R. Hunt plants were also included and data suggest that D. versicolor could be a hybrid between H. macrophylla and D. febrifuga, similar to the intergeneric hybrids produced by recent breeding efforts. Because native H. macrophylla plants do not overlap extensively with D. febrifuga populations, we tested Hydrungea indochinensis Merr. as a possible parent because endemic H. indochinensis populations overlap regions where D. febrifuga and D. versicolor have been collected. However, results suggest (hat H. indochinensis does not share a genetic background with D. versicolor. Taxonomic revision of Dichroa is warranted, especially because we document several more intergeneric hybrids self-sown, open-pollinated sources. C1 [Rinehart, Timothy A.] USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reed, Sandra M.] Tennessee State Univ, Otis L Floyd Nursery Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Mcminnville, TN 37110 USA. RP Rinehart, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Hort Lab, 810 Highway 26 W, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM tim.rinehart@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 565SI UT WOS:000275314300004 ER PT J AU Weng, YQ AF Weng, Yiqun TI Genetic Diversity among Cucumis metuliferus Populations Revealed by Cucumber Microsatellites SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phylogenetic analysis; African horned cucumber; Cururbitaceae; simple sequence repeats ID WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS-1; KNOT NEMATODE RESISTANCE; MELO L.; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; BETA-CAROTENE; MARKERS; WHEAT; SATIVUS; GENOME; TRANSFERABILITY AB Cucumis metuliferus E. Mey. ex Naud (African horned cucumber, horned melon) is endemic to Africa and is a relative of cultivated cucumber (C. sativus L.) and melon (C. melo L.). In the present study, genetic variation among the USDA C metuliferus collection was evaluated with microsatellite [simple sequence repeat (SSR)] markers derived from C sativus genomic DNA sequences. Of 564 cucumber SSRs tested, 51.8%, were able to produce polymerase chain reaction amplicons in C. metuliferus suggesting a high degree of DNA sequence homology between the two species. Forty-two cross-species SSRs were used to assess genetic variation among 36 C. metuliferus accessions. Genetic diversity among these accessions was relatively low. Of the 42 SSRs, 12 were monomorphic, and each marker, on average, was able to detect 3.3 alleles among the 36 accessions. Neighbor-joining clustering analysis revealed a positive relationship between genetic divergence and geographic distances among these accessions. Genetic distance of C. metuliferus to melon is smaller than that of C. metuliferus to cucumber. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weng, YQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yiqun.weng@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 214 EP 219 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 565SI UT WOS:000275314300005 ER PT J AU NeSmith, DS Ehlenfeldt, MK AF NeSmith, D. Scott Ehlenfeldt, Mark K. TI 'Blue Suede (TM)': A Southern Highbush Blueberry for the Home Gardener SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Vaccinium hybrid; fruit breeding; cultivar; edible ornamental C1 [NeSmith, D. Scott] Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Ehlenfeldt, Mark K.] Rutgers State Univ, USDA ARS, Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res & Extens, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP NeSmith, DS (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, 1109 Expt St,Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM snesmith@griffin.uga.edu NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 302 EP 303 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 565SI UT WOS:000275314300021 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Bohac, JR Thies, JA Harrison, HF AF Jackson, D. Michael Bohac, Janice R. Thies, Judy A. Harrison, Howard F. TI 'Charleston Scarlet' Sweetpotato SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE vegetable breeding; Ipomoea batatas; sweetpotato; disease resistance; nematode resistance; soil insect resistance; fusarium wilt resistance ID GENOTYPES; RESISTANT C1 [Jackson, D. Michael; Bohac, Janice R.; Thies, Judy A.; Harrison, Howard F.] USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM mike.jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2010 VL 45 IS 2 BP 306 EP 309 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 565SI UT WOS:000275314300023 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF Regan, RP Bi, GH AF Scagel, Carolyn F. Regan, Richard P. Bi, Guihong TI Bud Necrosis of Green Ash Nursery Trees Is Influenced by Nitrogen Availability and Fertilizer Type SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fraxinus pennsylvanica; allocation; bud failure ID FROST HARDINESS; COLD-HARDINESS; EXCESS NITROGEN; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; USE EFFICIENCY; SPRING GROWTH; PLANTS; STORAGE; RESERVES; CARBON AB A study was conducted to determine whether the nitrogen (N) status of nursery-grown green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica 'Summit') trees in the autumn is related to bud necrosis during the following spring. In 2005, different rates of N from urea formaldehyde (UF) or a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) containing ammonium nitrate were applied during the growing season to green ash trees and leaves were sprayed or not with urea in the autumn. Biomass and N content was determined in Autumn 2005 and Spring 2006, and stem biomass and bud necrosis were evaluated for necrosis in Spring 2006. Trees with low N content in Autumn 2005 grew less in Spring 2006 but bud necrosis was more prevalent on trees grown at the highest N rate. Compared with trees grown with a similar amount of N from UF, growing trees with CRF altered N allocation in 2005 and the relationship between carbon (C) and N dynamics (import, export, and metabolism) in stems in 2006. Additionally, trees grown with CRF had less total shoot biomass in Spring 2006 and more bud failure than trees grown with a similar N rate from UF. Significant relationships between bud failure and N status and C/N ratios in different tissues suggest that a combination of tree N status and the balance between N and C in certain tissues plays a role in the occurrence of bud failure of green ash trees in the spring. C1 [Scagel, Carolyn F.] USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Regan, Richard P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. [Bi, Guihong] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Truck Crops Branch Expt Stn, Crystal Springs, MS 39059 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM Carolyn.Scagel@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD FEB PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 206 EP 212 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 643WE UT WOS:000281329600026 ER PT J AU Gordon, GG Foshee, WG Reed, ST Brown, JE Vinson, EL AF Gordon, Garry G. Foshee, Wheeler G., III Reed, Stewart T. Brown, James E. Vinson, Edgar L., III TI The Effects of Colored Plastic Mulches and Row Covers on the Growth and Yield of Okra SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Abelmoschus esculentus; soil temperature; air; stem diameter ID PHYTOCHROME; TOMATO; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE; MUSKMELON; CUCUMBER; QUALITY; PEPPER; SOIL AB Okra (Abelmoschus escukntus 'Clemson Spineless') was grown on an Orangeburg sandy loam soil in Shorter, AL. Okra was direct-seeded in single rows. Treatments consisted of five mulch colors: black, white, red, silver, and blue installed either with or without spun-bonded row cover. Soil temperatures were 4 to 7 degrees C lower than air temperatures in all treatments. The use of darker (black, blue, red) -colored plastic mulches increased early and total yield of okra compared with bare soil with and without row cover. Increased soil and air temperatures did not always correlate to an increase in yield. It can be concluded that the use of dark plastic mulch is advantageous to growers of okra in climates that do not have cool springs, but the added use of row covers to plastic mulch has no effect on growth and yield. The profit of marketable okra produced using a row cover was $1.37 versus $1.35 per pound without a cover in 2003 and $1.28 versus $1.29 per pound in 2004. Blue plastic mulch is approximate to$0.08 per foot more expensive than black plastic. Our data do not show an economic advantage for blue over black mulch for okra, but the positive effect cited by other authors may be more pronounced with leafy vegetables. C1 [Gordon, Garry G.; Reed, Stewart T.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. [Foshee, Wheeler G., III; Brown, James E.; Vinson, Edgar L., III] Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gordon, GG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. EM Gary.Gordon@ARS.USDA.GOV NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD FEB PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 224 EP 233 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 643WE UT WOS:000281329600029 ER PT J AU Clough, ME Yencho, GC Christ, B DeJong, W Halseth, D Haynes, K Henninger, M Hutchinson, C Kleinhenz, M Porter, GA Veilleux, RE AF Clough, Mark E. Yencho, George C. Christ, Barbara DeJong, Walter Halseth, Donald Haynes, Kathleen Henninger, Melvin Hutchinson, Chad Kleinhenz, Matt Porter, Greg A. Veilleux, Richard E. TI An Interactive Online Database for Potato Varieties Evaluated in the Eastern United States SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety development; education; outreach; MySQL; NE1031; relational AB Databases are commonly used to coordinate and summarize research from multiple projects. The potato (Solanum tuberosum) research community has invested significant resources in collecting data from multiple states and provinces, and we have developed a web-based database format for the use of researchers, farmers, and consumers. The northeast regional potato variety development project (NE1031) is a U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA-CSREES) regional project focused on developing and evaluating the suitability of new varieties and advanced clones from multiple breeding programs for a range of environments. This multistate project and its predecessors have been in existence for more than two decades, and they have resulted in the collection of a significant amount of standardized potato trial data. We have developed an interactive potato variety database that allows researchers and end-users to access and obtain potato variety trial results in one centralized site. The database is populated with the results of potato variety trials conducted in eight states (Florida, Maine, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia) and two Canadian provinces (Prince Edward Island and Quebec). It currently contains over 35 data features and was developed primarily for scientists interested in potato variety development, growers, and allied industry members. Hypertext mark-up language (HTML) and hypertext preprocessor (PHP) were used to develop the database interface. C1 [Yencho, George C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Clough, Mark E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Vernon G James Res & Extens Ctr, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. [Christ, Barbara] Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Buckhout Lab 212B, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [DeJong, Walter] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Genet, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Halseth, Donald] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Haynes, Kathleen] USDA, Res Serv Plant Sci Inst, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Henninger, Melvin] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Hutchinson, Chad] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kleinhenz, Matt] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Porter, Greg A.] Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Veilleux, Richard E.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Hort, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Yencho, GC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, 214-A Kilgore Hall,Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM craig_yencho@ncsu.edu RI Kleinhenz, Matthew/D-3628-2012 FU USDA CSREES [NE1031] FX The development of this website and the generation of the multi-site potato variety performance data in the database would not have been possible without the support of the following funding sources: USDA CSREES NE1031 Regional Project, USDA CSREES Special Grants for Potato Research, and potato grower groups in the various participating states. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD FEB PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 643WE UT WOS:000281329600033 ER PT J AU Li, GX Zeng, Y Yin, JC Lillehoj, HS Ren, XF AF Li, Guangxing Zeng, Yan Yin, Jiechao Lillehoj, Hyun S. Ren, Xiaofeng TI Cloning, Prokaryotic Expression, and Biological Analysis of Recombinant Chicken IFN-gamma SO HYBRIDOMA LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; VIRUS-REPLICATION; EIMERIA-TENELLA; INFECTION; INHIBITION; CYTOKINES; ADJUVANTS; STRAINS AB The full-length chicken interferon-gamma (CHIFN-gamma) gene was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR using total RNA extracted from the spleen cells of white Leghorn chicken, a local Chinese breeding species. A truncated CHIFN-gamma gene without the N-terminal signal peptide sequence was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET30a, resulting in a recombinant plasmid pET-30a-CHIFN-gamma. After the recombinant plasmid was transformed into host cells BL21(DE3)pLysS, the expression of CHIFN-gamma was induced by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). Rabbit antiserum was raised using the soluble CHIFN-gamma as immunogen. Immunoreactivities of the CHIFN-gamma and its antiserum were investigated using immunoblotting and ELISA. Moreover, the antiviral effect of the CHIFN-gamma was analyzed. Our data indicate that the CHIFN-gamma is biologically active. C1 [Li, Guangxing; Zeng, Yan; Ren, Xiaofeng] NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Yin, Jiechao] NE Agr Univ, Coll Life Sci, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. [Lillehoj, Hyun S.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Ren, XF (reprint author), NE Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, 59 Mucai St, Harbin 150030, Peoples R China. EM rxfemail@yahoo.com.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30700591]; Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department [ZJN0702-01, QC07C32]; Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department [10531005]; Program for Innovative Research Team of Northeast Agricultural University [CXZ008-1] FX The contribution of Y. Z. to this work was in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master's degree program at Northeast Agricultural University, China. The research work of the authors was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30700591), Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department (ZJN0702-01; QC07C32), Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (10531005), and Program for Innovative Research Team of Northeast Agricultural University (CXZ008-1). NR 24 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1554-0014 J9 HYBRIDOMA JI Hybridoma PD FEB PY 2010 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1089/hyb.2009.0053 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 563WV UT WOS:000275168100001 PM 20199144 ER PT J AU Hunter, WB AF Hunter, Wayne B. TI Medium for development of bee cell cultures (Apis mellifera: Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE Bee; Colony collapse disorder; CCD; Hymenoptera; Leafhopper; Psyllid; Virus ID GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; GENOME SEQUENCE; VIRUS; LINES; ESTABLISHMENT; VECTOR; CITRI AB A media for the production of cell cultures from hymenopteran species such as honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was developed. Multiple bee cell cultures were produced when using bee larvae and pupae as starting material and modified Hert-Hunter 70 media. Cell culture systems for bees solves an impasse that has hindered efforts to isolate and screen pathogens which may be influencing or causing colony collapse disorder of bees. Multiple life stages of maturing larvae to early pupae were used to successfully establish cell cultures from the tissues of the head, thorax, and abdomen. Multiple cell types were observed which included free-floating suspensions, fibroblast-like, and epithelia-like monolayers. The final culture medium, WH2, was originally developed for hemipterans, Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, and leafhopper, Homalodisca vitripennis cell cultures but has been shown to work for a diverse range of insect species such as bees. Bee cell cultures had various doubling times at 21-23A degrees C ranging from 9-15 d. Deformed wing virus was detected in the primary explanted tissues, which tested negative by rt-PCR for Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), Kashmir bee virus, acute bee paralysis virus, and black queen cell virus. Culture inoculation with IAPV from an isolate from Florida field samples, was detectable in cell cultures after two subcultures. Cell culture from hymenoptera species, such as bees, greatly advances the approaches available to the field of study on colony collapse disorders. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Hunter, WB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM Wayne.hunter@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 2 BP 83 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s11626-009-9246-x PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 559UC UT WOS:000274852500001 ER PT J AU Droege, S Tepedino, VJ Lebuhn, G Link, W Minckley, RL Chen, Q Conrad, C AF Droege, Sam Tepedino, Vincent J. Lebuhn, Gretchen Link, William Minckley, Robert L. Chen, Qian Conrad, Casey TI Spatial patterns of bee captures in North American bowl trapping surveys SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Apiformes; Apoidea; bee bowl; bees; inter-trap distance; North America; pan trap; spatial distribution; trap spacing; trapping web ID SPECIES RICHNESS; PAN TRAPS; HYMENOPTERA; APIFORMES; APOIDEA; DIVERSITY; DESERT; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; FAUNA AB Bowl and pan traps are now commonly used to capture bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) for research and surveys. Studies of how arrangement and spacing of bowl traps affect captures of bees are needed to increase the efficiency of this capture technique. We present results from seven studies of bowl traps placed in trapping webs, grids, and transects in four North American ecoregions (Mid-Atlantic, Coastal California, Chihuahuan Desert, and Columbia Plateau). Over 6000 specimens from 31 bee genera were captured and analysed across the studies. Based on the results from trapping webs and distance tests, the per bowl capture rate of bees does not plateau until bowls are spaced 3-5 m apart. Minor clumping of bee captures within transects was detected, with 26 of 56 transects having index of dispersion values that conform to a clumped distribution and 39 transects having positive Green's index values, 13 with zero, and only four negative. However, degree of clumping was slight with an average value of only 0.06 (the index ranges from -1 to 1) with only five values > 0.15. Similarly, runs tests were significant for only 5.9% of the transects. Results indicate that (i) capture rates are unaffected by short distances between bowls within transects and (ii) that bowls and transects should be dispersed throughout a study site. C1 [Droege, Sam; Link, William; Chen, Qian; Conrad, Casey] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tepedino, Vincent J.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Tepedino, Vincent J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Lebuhn, Gretchen] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Biol, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Minckley, Robert L.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Droege, S (reprint author), BARC EAST, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Rm 124,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdroege@usgs.gov FU US Golf Association FX SD would like to thank Harold Ikerd for help with identification of specimens, Amy Lohr for running the Soybean Field study and the interns of the Droege lab for their help with specimen preparation and data entry. Leo Shapiro provided a number of insightful comments on early drafts. VJT would like to thank: Melody Mackie Allen, formerly of the Xerces Society, for helping to plan and administer the golf course study; Kimberly Erusha and the US Golf Association for funding it; golf course superintendents Sean Hoolahan (WH), Nick Rodrigues (HR) and Joe Towner (WW) for not only putting up with us, but encouraging us; Gretchen Fortner for doing the field and some of the lab work; and Frank Parker and Terry Griswold for identifying the bees. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2009.00074.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 540CW UT WOS:000273309400003 ER PT J AU Oliveira, DCSG Hunter, WB Ng, J Desjardins, CA Dang, PM Werren, JH AF Oliveira, D. C. S. G. Hunter, W. B. Ng, J. Desjardins, C. A. Dang, P. M. Werren, J. H. TI Data mining cDNAs reveals three new single stranded RNA viruses in Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE picorna-like virus; Picornavirales; insect RNA virus; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ID PICORNA-LIKE-VIRUS; GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER; DIADROMUS PULCHELLUS ASCOVIRUS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; IMPORTED FIRE ANT; HONEY-BEE VIRUSES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; INSECT; ORGANIZATION AB We report three novel small RNA viruses uncovered from cDNA libraries from parasitoid wasps in the genus Nasonia. The genome of this kind of virus is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA with a 3' poly(A), which facilitates cloning from cDNAs. Two of the viruses, NvitV-1 and NvitV-2, possess a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that associates them with the family Iflaviridae of the order Picornavirales. A third virus, NvitV-3, is most similar to the Nora virus from Drosophila. A reverse transcription-PCR method developed for NvitV-1 indicates that it is a persistent commensal infection of Nasonia. C1 [Oliveira, D. C. S. G.; Ng, J.; Desjardins, C. A.; Werren, J. H.] Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Hunter, W. B.] ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Dang, P. M.] ARS, USDA, NPRU, Dawson, GA USA. RP Werren, JH (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Biol, 306 Hutchinson Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM werr@mail.rochester.edu OI NG, JULIENNE/0000-0002-2994-6233 FU National Institutes of Health [5R01 GM070026]; Indiana's 2111 Century Research and Technology Fund [UND250086] FX We are grateful to Rachel Edwards for assistance with the laboratory work. This study was financially supported by National Institutes of Health grant 5R01 GM070026 and Indiana's 2111 Century Research and Technology Fund UND250086 (to JHW). NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 19 SU 1 SI SI BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00934.x PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 548GF UT WOS:000273947400011 PM 20167021 ER PT J AU Jenson, EA Arthur, FH Nechols, JR AF Jenson, Emily A. Arthur, Frank H. Nechols, James R. TI Efficacy of an esfenvalerate plus methoprene aerosol for the control of eggs and fifth instars of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE control; Indianmeal moth; Plodia interpunctella ID METHYL-BROMIDE; COLEOPTERA; TIME; TENEBRIONIDAE; TEMPERATURE; FUMIGATION; WAREHOUSES; COST; FOOD AB Aerosol insecticides may provide an alternative to fumigants for control of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), the Indianmeal moth, a major insect pest of stored processed food. In this study, eggs and larvae (5th instars) of P. interpunctella were exposed to aerosol applications of the pyrethroid esfenvalerate and insect growth regulator methoprene, alone and in combination, in open and obstructed positions inside small sheds. When larvae were exposed to methoprene alone, adult emergence from those exposed larvae was 7.1% +/- 1.5%. In contrast, adult emergence was 92.5% +/- 3.5% when larvae were exposed to esfenvalerate alone. When eggs were exposed to methoprene, adult emergence of those exposed eggs was approximately 75%; however, when eggs were exposed to esfenvalerate, adult emergence was approximately 35%. In the combination treatment of methoprene plus esfenvalerate at their respective label rates, adult emergence following larval exposure was 0.91% +/- 0.61% compared to 16.3% +/- 9.6% when eggs were exposed. Based on our results, methoprene alone is highly effective in reducing adult emergence after larval exposure. However, it is not as effective on eggs as esfenvalerate. A combination treatment of esfenvalerate plus methoprene could be used to control eggs and the wandering-phase larval stages of P. interpunctella. An economic risk analysis also supports a strategy of combining methoprene and esfenvalerate. C1 [Arthur, Frank H.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Jenson, Emily A.; Nechols, James R.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM frank.arthur@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture or by Kansas State University FX This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture or by Kansas State University. The authors thank R. Cloyd for reviewing the paper prior to journal submission. This paper is Contribution Number 09-277-J of the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1672-9609 J9 INSECT SCI JI Insect Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 17 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.01284.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 551AC UT WOS:000274175800003 ER PT J AU Hoffman, MD Lebus, DK Ganong, AC Casazza, GA Van Loan, M AF Hoffman, M. D. Lebus, D. K. Ganong, A. C. Casazza, G. A. Van Loan, M. TI Body Composition of 161-km Ultramarathoners SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE body mass; body fat; distance runner; endurance exercise; exercise performance AB This study compares body composition characteristics with performance among participants in a 161-km trail ultramarathon. Height, mass, and percent body fat from bioimpedance spectroscopy were measured on 72 starters (17 women, 55 men). Correlation analyses were used to compare body characteristics with finish time, and unpaired t-tests were used to compare characteristics of finishers with non-finishers. Mean (+/- SD) BMI (kg.m(-2)) was 24.8 +/- 2.7 (range 19.1-32.2) for the men and 21.2 +/- 2.1 (range 18.1-26.7) for the women. Among the three fastest runners, BMI values ranged from 22.1 to 23.4 for men and 21.5 to 22.9 for women. Mean (+/- SD) percent body fat values for men and women were 17 +/- 5 (range 5-35) and 21 +/- 6 (range 10-29), and ranged from 6 to 14 and 14 to 27 among the fastest three men and women. There was a significant positive correlation (r(2) = 0.23; p = 0.0025) between percent body fat and finish time for men but not for women, and percent body fat values were lower for finishers than non-finishers for men (p = 0.03) and women (p = 0.04). We conclude that despite wide variations in BMI and percent body fat among ultramarathon participants, the faster men have lower percent body fat values than the slower men, and finishers have lower percent body fat values than non-finishers. C1 [Hoffman, M. D.] No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, Sacramento, CA 95655 USA. [Hoffman, M. D.; Ganong, A. C.] Univ Calif Davis Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Sacramento, CA 95655 USA. [Lebus, D. K.; Casazza, G. A.] Univ Calif Davis Med Ctr, Sports Med Program, Sacramento, CA 95655 USA. [Van Loan, M.] ARS, USDA, Davis, CA USA. RP Hoffman, MD (reprint author), No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Dept Vet Affairs, 10535 Hosp Way 117, Sacramento, CA 95655 USA. EM martin.hoffman@va.gov OI Hoffman, Martin/0000-0001-8819-5989 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0172-4622 J9 INT J SPORTS MED JI Int. J. Sports Med. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 106 EP 109 DI 10.1055/s-0029-1241863 PG 4 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 552NB UT WOS:000274297400007 PM 20222002 ER PT J AU Sandberg, MA Johnson, EJ Berson, EL AF Sandberg, Michael A. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Berson, Eliot L. TI The Relationship of Macular Pigment Optical Density to Serum Lutein in Retinitis Pigmentosa SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL RETINAL THICKNESS; TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS; PRIMATE RETINAS; VISUAL-ACUITY; CAROTENOIDS; ZEAXANTHIN; DIETARY; DEGENERATION; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB PURPOSE. To determine whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is related to serum lutein or serum zeaxanthin in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS. The authors measured MPOD with heterochromatic flicker photometry, serum lutein and serum zeaxanthin by high performance liquid chromatography, and central foveal retinal thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 176 patients (age range, 18-68 years) with typical forms of retinitis pigmentosa; 37 (21%) of these patients had cystoid macular edema (CME) by OCT. The authors performed multiple regression analysis with MPOD as the dependent variable and with log e serum lutein and log e serum zeaxanthin as independent variables adjusting for age, sex, iris color, central foveal retinal thickness, and, in some analyses, serum total cholesterol. RESULTS. MPOD increased with increasing serum lutein (P = 0.0017) and decreased with increasing serum total cholesterol (P = 0.0025) but was unrelated to serum zeaxanthin. MPOD was higher in patients with brown irides than in patients with lighter irides (P = 0.014) and was nonmonotonically related to central foveal retinal thickness (P < 0.0001), being lower in eyes with more photoreceptor cell loss and in eyes with moderate to marked CME. CONCLUSIONS. MPOD is independently related to serum lutein, serum total cholesterol, iris color, and central foveal retinal thickness in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:1086-1091) DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-3396 C1 [Sandberg, Michael A.; Berson, Eliot L.] Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sandberg, MA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Sch Med, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM masandberg@aol.com FU National Eye Institute [EY00169]; United States Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; Foundation Fighting Blindness FX Supported by National Eye Institute Grant EY00169, the United States Department of Agriculture under agreement number 58-1950-7-707, and The Foundation Fighting Blindness. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 51 IS 2 BP 1086 EP 1091 DI 10.1167/iovs.09-3396 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 545AS UT WOS:000273704700064 PM 19797209 ER PT J AU Chung, S Champagne, ET AF Chung, S. Champagne, E. T. TI Using Magnetic Beads to Reduce Peanut Allergens from Peanut Extracts SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Chung, S.; Champagne, E. T.] USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB223 EP AB223 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100873 ER PT J AU Garvey, C Nesbit, JB Maleki, SJ AF Garvey, C. Nesbit, J. B. Maleki, S. J. TI High Level Expression and Purification of The Acidic Subunit of Recombinant Ara h 3 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Garvey, C.; Nesbit, J. B.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB225 EP AB225 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100878 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Kado, R Charles, T Cheng, H AF Maleki, S. J. Kado, R. Charles, T. Cheng, H. TI The Role of Chemical Modifications And Structural Changes in IgE Binding By Ara h 2 SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Maleki, S. J.; Charles, T.; Cheng, H.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. [Kado, R.] Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB225 EP AB225 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100881 ER PT J AU Nesbit, JB Maleki, SJ AF Nesbit, J. B. Maleki, S. J. TI Differences In IgE Binding To Raw, Roasted And Denatured Ara h 1, A Major Peanut Allergen SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Nesbit, J. B.; Maleki, S. J.] USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB224 EP AB224 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100875 ER PT J AU Schein, CH Maleki, SJ Teuber, S AF Schein, C. H. Maleki, S. J. Teuber, S. TI Identifying Similar IgE-epitopes in Peanut and Walnut Allergens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 66th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 26-MAR 02, 2010 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Schein, C. H.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. [Maleki, S. J.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, FPSQ, New Orleans, LA USA. [Teuber, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Schein, Catherine/A-1426-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 125 IS 2 SU 1 BP AB147 EP AB147 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 629MS UT WOS:000280204100576 ER PT J AU Holl, JW Rohrer, GA Brown-Brandl, TM AF Holl, J. W. Rohrer, G. A. Brown-Brandl, T. M. TI Estimates of genetic parameters among scale activity scores, growth, and fatness in pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic correlation; pig; temperament ID BEEF-CATTLE; BEHAVIORAL-CHARACTERISTICS; PHENOTYPIC RELATIONSHIPS; MATERNAL-BEHAVIOR; TEMPERAMENT; PERFORMANCE; TRAITS; HERITABILITY; SELECTION; FEEDLOT AB Genetic parameters for scale activity score (AS) were estimated from generations 5, 6, and 7 of a randomly selected, composite population composed of Duroc, Large White, and 2 sources of Landrace (n = 2,186). At approximately 156 d of age, pigs were weighed (BW) and ultrasound backfat measurements (BF1, BF2, and BF3) were done. While pigs were in the scale, an AS was assigned, which ranged from 1 (calm) to 5 (highly excited), where 58.1, 28.5, 8.9, 4.0, and 0.5% were scored as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Statistical model effects were year-week of measurement, sex, covariates of age for AS and BW or BW for BF1, BF2, and BF3, and an animal direct genetic effect. A 5-trait linear mixed model was used. Estimated heritabilities were 0.23, 0.54, 0.56, 0.52, and 0.48 for AS, BW, BF1, BF2, and BF3, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations between AS and BW, AS and BF1, AS and BF2, and AS and BF3 were 0.38, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.16 respectively. Results indicated AS had a heritable genetic component and was genetically correlated with performance traits. Estimated genetic correlations between AS and backfat measurements adjusted to a common BW were negative, as was the genetic correlation of AS with BW. Therefore, selection for more docile animals would be expected to result in fatter, faster growing pigs. C1 [Holl, J. W.; Rohrer, G. A.; Brown-Brandl, T. M.] ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rohrer, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Gary.Rohrer@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.2527/jas.2008-1559 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 549IG UT WOS:000274040700006 PM 19820051 ER PT J AU Garcia, MD Thallman, RM Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Casas, E AF Garcia, M. D. Thallman, R. M. Wheeler, T. L. Shackelford, S. D. Casas, E. TI Effect of bovine respiratory disease and overall pathogenic disease incidence on carcass traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; carcass trait; shipping fever ID BOS-TAURUS CATTLE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; PALATABILITY TRAITS; GROWTH; LOCI; INDICUS; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; TENDERNESS; ASSOCIATION; PERFORMANCE AB The objective this study was to evaluate the effects of incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and overall incidence of pathogenic diseases (IPD) on carcass traits. Two independent populations were used. The first population included crossbred steers (GPE7; n = 642) derived from sires of 7 Bos taurus breeds: Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Limousin, Red Angus, and Simmental. The second population included crossbred steers (GPE8; n = 621) derived from tropically adapted Bos taurus breeds and Bos indicus-influenced breeds: Beefmaster, Brangus, Bonsmara, and Romosinuano, as well as Hereford and Angus. Treatment records for BRD, infectious keratoconjunctivitis, and infectious pododermatitis were available for these populations. Incidence of BRD was treated as an independent effect. Incidences of the 3 microbial pathogenic diseases were pooled into a single trait to represent overall pathogenic disease incidence. Traits evaluated were HCW; KPH; LM area; marbling score; fat thickness; dressing percentage; yield grade; retail, fat, and bone yields; and meat tenderness. Both BRD and IPD were associated with differences in yield grade in GPE7 and GPE8 steers. Animals treated for BRD had decreased yield grades (P = 0.003 and P = 0.02, in GPE7 and GPE8, respectively) compared with untreated animals. Animals treated for IPD had decreased yield grades (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.004, in GPE7 and GPE8, respectively) compared with untreated animals. Incidence of BRD and IPD were associated with a reduction in fat thickness in GPE7 and GPE8 steers. Animals treated for BRD had reduced adjusted fat measurements (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.01, in GPE7 and GPE8) compared with untreated animals. Animals treated for IPD also had reduced adjusted fat measurements (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.002, in GPE7 and GPE8) compared with untreated animals. Animals treated for BRD (P < 0.007) or IPD (P < 0.02) in the GPE7 population also had decreased estimated KPH measurements compared with unaffected animals. Animals affected with BRD in GPE8 had greater (P < 0.05) shear force measurements than unaffected animals. Animals affected with IPD in GPE8 had greater HCW (P < 0.03) and fat yield (P < 0.01) measurements but lesser bone yield (P < 0.03) and retail product yield (P < 0.01) measurements than unaffected animals. The relationship between disease and carcass traits should be given consideration by future studies that aim to develop selection strategies based on specific traits. C1 [Garcia, M. D.; Thallman, R. M.; Wheeler, T. L.; Shackelford, S. D.; Casas, E.] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Casas, E (reprint author), ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Eduardo.Casas@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1874 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 549IG UT WOS:000274040700010 PM 19897630 ER PT J AU MacNeil, MD Nkrumah, JD Woodward, BW Northcutt, SL AF MacNeil, M. D. Nkrumah, J. D. Woodward, B. W. Northcutt, S. L. TI Genetic evaluation of Angus cattle for carcass marbling using ultrasound and genomic indicators SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; genetic parameter; marbling; molecular breeding value; ultrasound ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; SIGNIFICANT ASSOCIATIONS; MISSENSE MUTATION; FAT DEPOSITION; DAIRY-CATTLE; PARAMETERS; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATIONS; QUALITY; RECORDS AB The objectives were to estimate genetic parameters needed to elucidate the relationships of a molecular breeding value (MBV) for marbling, intramuscular fat (IMF) of yearling bulls measured with ultrasound, and marbling score (MRB) of slaughtered steers, and to assess the utility of MBV and IMF in predicting the breeding value for MRB. Records for MRB (n = 38,296) and IMF (n = 6,594) were from the American Angus Association database used for national cattle evaluation. A total of 1,006 records of MBV were used in this study. (Co) variance components were estimated with ASREML, fitting an animal model with fixed contemporary groups for MRB and IMF similar to those used in the Angus national genetic evaluation. The overall mean was the only fixed effect included in the model for MBV. Heritability estimates for carcass measures were 0.48 +/- 0.03, 0.31 +/- 0.03, and 0.98 +/- 0.05 for MRB, IMF, and MBV, respectively. Genetic correlations of IMF and MBV with MRB were 0.56 +/- 0.09 and 0.38 +/- 0.10, respectively. The genetic correlation between IMF and MBV was 0.80 +/- 0.22. These results indicate the MBV evaluated may yield a greater genetic advance of approximately 20% when used as an indicator trait for genetic prediction of MRB compared with IMF. However, neither of these indicators alone provides sufficient information to produce highly accurate prediction of breeding value for the economically relevant trait MRB. Given that the goal is a highly accurate prediction of true breeding value for MRB, results of this work point to the need to 1) continue progeny testing, and 2) continue increasing the genetic correlation between the MBV and MRB. C1 [MacNeil, M. D.] ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Nkrumah, J. D.; Woodward, B. W.] Merial Ltd, Duluth, GA 30096 USA. [Northcutt, S. L.] Amer Angus Assoc, St Joseph, MO 64506 USA. RP MacNeil, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM mike.macneil@ars.usda.gov RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 517 EP 522 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2022 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 549IG UT WOS:000274040700013 PM 19897629 ER PT J AU Dinh, TTN Blanton, JR Riley, DG Chase, CC Coleman, SW Phillips, WA Brooks, JC Miller, MF Thompson, LD AF Dinh, T. T. N. Blanton, J. R., Jr. Riley, D. G. Chase, C. C., Jr. Coleman, S. W. Phillips, W. A. Brooks, J. C. Miller, M. F. Thompson, L. D. TI Intramuscular fat and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle from divergent pure breeds of cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Angus; Brahman; cattle breed; fatty acid; intramuscular fat; Romosinuano ID SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE-TISSUE; CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; MESSENGER-RNA LEVELS; WAGYU STEERS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; COOKED BEEF; CARCASS FAT; YOUNG BULLS; GROWTH AB The objective of this study was to compare the fatty acid (FA) composition of intramuscular fat from the LM of 3 divergent breeds of cattle: Angus (AN, n = 9), Brahman (BR, n = 7), and Romosinuano (RM, n = 11). Cattle were blocked by breed and finished 129 d before slaughter in one year and 157 d in the next year. Longissimus muscle samples were collected from each carcass between the 10th and 13th ribs, trimmed of external fat, frozen in liquid nitrogen, homogenized, and used for fat extraction, using a modified Folch procedure. Extracted fat was analyzed for FA by using a GLC system with an HP-88 capillary column. Fatty acid composition was expressed using both a normalized percentage (%) and gravimetric calculation (mg/g of fresh muscle tissue) in relation to degree of saturation, which was determined using a saturation index (ratio of total SFA to total unsaturated FA). Crude fat determination revealed that LM from AN purebred cattle had the greatest amount of intramuscular fat (7.08%; P = 0.001). Although intramuscular fat of LM from RM contained a reduced percentage of total SFA P - 0.002) compared with AN, it had the greatest percentage of total PUFA (P < 0.001 and P - 0.020). The percentages of total MUFA were similar among the 3 breeds (P - 0.675). The gravimetric calculation, a measure of actual FA concentration, showed significantly greater concentrations of SFA (26.67 mg/g), MUFA (26.50 mg/g), and PUFA (2.37 mg/g) in LM from AN cattle, as compared with LM from BR and RM cattle (P < 0.001). Interestingly, BR purebreds had the least PUFA concentration (1.49 mg/g; P <= 0.001) in the LM, although their intramuscular fat content was similar to that of RM (P - 0.924). Regardless of breed, the MUFA proportion was always the greatest (47.58%; P <= 0.005), whereas PUFA was the least contributor to FA composition (1.49 to 2.37 mg/g and 4.36 to 8.78%; P < 0.001). Beef LM fatty acid composition was characterized by palmitic and oleic acids being the most abundant FA (P < 0.001). These results suggested a genetic variation in FA synthesis and deposition among breeds that influenced both marbling and its composition. C1 [Dinh, T. T. N.; Brooks, J. C.; Miller, M. F.; Thompson, L. D.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Blanton, J. R., Jr.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Agr, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Riley, D. G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Chase, C. C., Jr.; Coleman, S. W.] ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. [Phillips, W. A.] ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Thompson, LD (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM leslie.thompson@ttu.edu NR 66 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 BP 756 EP 766 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-1951 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 549IG UT WOS:000274040700038 PM 19783694 ER PT J AU Clement, SL Sharma, HC Muehlbauer, FJ Elberson, LR Mattinson, DS Fellman, JK AF Clement, S. L. Sharma, H. C. Muehlbauer, F. J. Elberson, L. R. Mattinson, D. S. Fellman, J. K. TI Resistance to beet armyworm in a chickpea recombinant inbred line population SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; chickpea; chickpea recombinant inbred line population; host plant resistance; isoflavonoids ID UV-B RADIATION; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; LEPIDOPTERA; CICER; NOCTUIDAE; CHEMISTRY; ECOLOGY AB Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), is an economic pest of chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent. Larvae feed on the vegetative and reproductive stages of chickpea and the development of plant resistance is a priority in the management of this pest. Forty-two recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a chickpea recombinant inbred line population (CRIL-7) developed from a cross between FLIP 84-92C (susceptible C. arietinum) and PI 599072 (resistant C. reticulatum Lad. accession) were rated resistant (nine lines with post-trial larval weights 0.42-0.59 mg), moderately resistant/susceptible (25 lines, larval weights 0.61-0.99 mg) and susceptible (eight lines, larval weights 1.01-2.17 mg) to beet armyworm larvae in a general glasshouse screening. Resistance and susceptibility of entries (RILs in the CRIL-7 population, parents, checks) was based on the average weight gain and fate of early-stage larvae on pre-flowering plants. In a growth chamber trial, early-instar larval weight gain differed significantly (P < 0.0001) among entries (12 RILs, parents, checks), with mean weights from 0.80 mg (resistant RIL) to 4.03 mg (susceptible kabuli cultivar). There were no significant differences (P = 0.0836) in larval mortality among the entries in the growth chamber trial, although mortality rates were 28.2-61.9%. Flavonoid and isoflavonoid extractions and analyses did not clarify the role played by these phytochemicals in chickpea resistance to S. exigua. The requisite high levels of resistance to S. exigua and other pests for breeding resistant culivars may reside in the CRIL-7 population. C1 [Clement, S. L.; Elberson, L. R.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Sharma, H. C.] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Muehlbauer, F. J.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Mattinson, D. S.; Fellman, J. K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Clement, SL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Germplasm Intro & Testing Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM slclement@wsu.edu9 RI Sharma, Hari/C-5336-2014 OI Sharma, Hari/0000-0002-2643-8735 FU United States Agency for International Development; ICRISAT FX We thank M. Kynaston, D. Ayling and M. Krueger for technical assistance. Pre-submission reviews by J. Ridsdill-Smith and C. Coyne improved the manuscript. This research was funded, in part, by a United States Agency for International Development linkage grant with ICRISAT. The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others than may be suitable. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 134 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01411.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543DE UT WOS:000273549600001 ER PT J AU Probst, C Schulthess, F Cotty, PJ AF Probst, C. Schulthess, F. Cotty, P. J. TI Impact of Aspergillus section Flavi community structure on the development of lethal levels of aflatoxins in Kenyan maize (Zea mays) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxicosis; Aspergillus flavus; corn; fungal community structure; Kenya ID 3 AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES; WEST-AFRICA; SOUTH TEXAS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SCLEROTIA PRODUCTION; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; ATOXIGENIC STRAIN; UNITED-STATES; COTTON BOLLS; CONTAMINATION AB Aims: To evaluate the potential role of fungal community structure in predisposing Kenyan maize to severe aflatoxin contamination by contrasting aflatoxin-producing fungi resident in the region with repeated outbreaks of lethal aflatoxicosis to those in regions without a history of aflatoxicosis. Methods and Results: Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated from maize samples from three Kenyan provinces between 2004 and 2006. Frequencies of identified strains and aflatoxin-producing abilities were assessed, and the data were analysed by statistical means. Most aflatoxin-producing fungi belonged to Aspergillus flavus. The two major morphotypes of A. flavus varied greatly between provinces, with the S strain dominant in both soil and maize within aflatoxicosis outbreak regions and the L strain dominant in nonoutbreak regions. Conclusions: Aspergillus community structure is an important factor in the development of aflatoxins in maize in Kenya and, as such, is a major contributor to the development of aflatoxicosis in the Eastern Province. Significance and Impact of the Study: Since 1982, deaths caused by aflatoxin-contaminated maize have repeatedly occurred in the Eastern Province of Kenya. The current study characterized an unusual fungal community structure associated with the lethal contamination events. The results will be helpful in developing aflatoxin management practices to prevent future outbreaks in Kenya. C1 [Cotty, P. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Schulthess, F.] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Plant Hlth Div, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Cotty, PJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, USDA ARS, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pjcotty@email.arizona.edu NR 69 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 108 IS 2 BP 600 EP 610 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04458.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 540DJ UT WOS:000273310700022 PM 19674186 ER PT J AU Bilgili, AV van Es, HM Akbas, F Durak, A Hively, WD AF Bilgili, A. Volkan van Es, H. M. Akbas, F. Durak, A. Hively, W. D. TI Visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for assessment of soil properties in a semi-arid area of Turkey SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE MARS; PLSR; Soil reflectance; Turkey; VNIR spectroscopy ID ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES; LEAST-SQUARES; WATER-CONTENT; CARBON; NITROGEN; MODEL AB Reflectance spectroscopy can be used to nondestructively characterize materials for a wide range of applications. In this study, visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIR) was evaluated for prediction of diverse soil properties related to four different soil series of the Entisol soil group within a single field in northern Turkey. Soil samples were collected from 512 locations in a 25 x 25 m sampling grid over a 32 ha (800 x 400 m) area. Air-dried soil samples were scanned at 1 nm resolution from 350 to 2500 nm, and calibrations between soil physical and chemical properties and reflectance spectra were developed using cross-validation under partial least squares regression (PLSR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Raw reflectance and first derivative reflectance data were used separately and combined for all samples in the data set. Data were additionally divided into two random subsets of 70 and 30% of the full data, which were each used for calibration and validation. Overall, MARS provided better predictions when under cross-validation. However, PLSR and MARS results were comparable in terms of prediction accuracy when using separate data sets for calibration and validation. No improvement was obtained by combining first derivative and raw data. Strongest correlations were obtained with exchangeable Ca and Mg, cation exchange capacity, and organic matter, clay, sand, and CaCO(3) contents. When soil data were classified into groups, VNIR spectroscopy estimated class memberships well, especially for soil texture. In conclusion, VNIR spectroscopy was variably successful in estimating soil properties at the field scale, and showed potential for substituting laboratory analyses or providing inexpensive co-variable data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Es, H. M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bilgili, A. Volkan] Harran Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-63300 Sanliurfa, Turkey. [Akbas, F.; Durak, A.] Gaziosmanpasa Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fac Agr, TR-60100 Tokat, Turkey. [Hively, W. D.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP van Es, HM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM hmv1@cornell.edu FU Cornell Computational Agriculture Initiative; Scientific Research Administration of Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey; Turkish Higher Education Council (YOK) FX This study was in part funded by the Cornell Computational Agriculture Initiative and by the Scientific Research Administration of Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey. The senior author is grateful for the support from the Turkish Higher Education Council (YOK). NR 43 TC 51 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 229 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08.011 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539JK UT WOS:000273250000008 ER PT J AU Vahling, CM Duan, YP Lin, H AF Vahling, Cheryl M. Duan, Yongping Lin, Hong TI Characterization of an ATP Translocase Identified in the Destructive Plant Pathogen "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASTIDIC ATP/ADP TRANSPORTER; RICKETTSIA-PROWAZEKII; ADENINE-NUCLEOTIDE; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; CITRUS; BACTERIUM; PROTEINS; DISEASE; EXPRESSION; MEMBRANE AB ATP/ADP translocases transport ATP across a lipid bilayer, which is normally impermeable to this molecule due to its size and charge. These transport proteins appear to be unique to mitochondria, plant plastids, and obligate intracellular bacteria. All bacterial ATP/ADP translocases characterized thus far have been found in endosymbionts of protozoa or pathogens of higher-order animals, including humans. A putative ATP/ADP translocase was uncovered during the genomic sequencing of the intracellular plant pathogen "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus," the causal agent of citrus huanglongbing. Bioinformatic analysis of the protein revealed 12 transmembrane helices and predicted an isoelectric point of 9.4, both of which are characteristic of this family of proteins. The "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" gene (nttA) encoding the translocase was subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to enable E. coli to import ATP directly into the cell. Competition assays with the heterologous E. coli system demonstrated that the translocase was highly specific for ATP and ADP but that other nucleotides, if present in high concentrations, could also be taken up and/or block the ability of the translocase to import ATP. In addition, a protein homologous to NttA was identified in "Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum," the bacterium associated with potato zebra chip disease. This is the first reported characterization of an ATP translocase from "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus," indicating that some intracellular bacteria of plants also have the potential to import ATP directly from their environment. C1 [Vahling, Cheryl M.; Duan, Yongping] USDA ARS USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Lin, Hong] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. RP Duan, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS USHRL, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM yongping.duan@ars.usda.gov FU Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council; Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services [013644] FX We are thankful to Lijuan Zhou for kindly providing the immunocaptured source DNA and to Robert Shatters, Lesley Benyon, and Kevin McIver for their critical review of the manuscript.; Funding for this work was provided by the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, through contract 013644.; Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB 1 PY 2010 VL 192 IS 3 BP 834 EP 840 DI 10.1128/JB.01279-09 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 544PW UT WOS:000273672000023 PM 19948801 ER PT J AU Gaasbeek, EJ Wagenaar, JA Guilhabert, MR van Putten, JPM Parker, CT van der Wal, FJ AF Gaasbeek, Esther J. Wagenaar, Jaap A. Guilhabert, Magalie R. van Putten, Jos P. M. Parker, Craig T. van der Wal, Fimme J. TI Nucleases Encoded by the Integrated Elements CJIE2 and CJIE4 Inhibit Natural Transformation of Campylobacter jejuni SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SERRATIA-MARCESCENS ENDONUCLEASE; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; SEQUENCE; DNASE; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS; MECHANISM; STRAINS AB The species Campylobacter jejuni is naturally competent for DNA uptake; nevertheless, nonnaturally transformable strains do exist. For a subset of strains we previously showed that a periplasmic DNase, encoded by dns, inhibits natural transformation in C. jejuni. In the present study, genetic factors coding for DNase activity in the absence of dns were identified. DNA arrays indicated that nonnaturally transformable dns-negative strains contain putative DNA/RNA nonspecific endonucleases encoded by CJE0566 and CJE1441 of strain RM1221. These genes are located on C. jejuni integrated elements 2 and 4. Expression of CJE0566 and CJE1441 from strain RM1221 and a homologous gene from strain 07479 in DNase-negative Escherichia coli and C. jejuni strains indicated that these genes code for DNases. Genetic transfer of the genes to a naturally transformable C. jejuni strain resulted in a decreased efficiency of natural transformation. Modeling suggests that the C. jejuni DNases belong to the Serratia nuclease family. Overall, the data indicate that the acquisition of prophage-encoded DNA/RNA nonspecific endonucleases inhibits the natural transformability of C. jejuni through hydrolysis of DNA. C1 [Gaasbeek, Esther J.; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; van der Wal, Fimme J.] Cent Vet Inst Wageningen UR, Dept Bacteriol, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. [Gaasbeek, Esther J.; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; van der Wal, Fimme J.] Cent Vet Inst Wageningen UR, TSEs, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. [Gaasbeek, Esther J.; Wagenaar, Jaap A.; van Putten, Jos P. M.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Infect Dis & Immunol, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Wagenaar, Jaap A.; van Putten, Jos P. M.; van der Wal, Fimme J.] WHO Collaborating Ctr Campylobacter, OIE Reference Lab Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Guilhabert, Magalie R.; Parker, Craig T.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP van der Wal, FJ (reprint author), Cent Vet Inst Wageningen UR, Dept Bacteriol, POB 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, Netherlands. EM Fimme.vanderWal@wur.nl OI van Putten, Jos/0000-0002-4126-8172 FU Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-045] FX This work was supported by the Product Boards of Livestock, Meat, and Eggs, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands. E.J.G. received a travel grant from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. C.T.P. and M.R.G. were supported by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5325-42000-045. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 192 IS 4 BP 936 EP 941 DI 10.1128/JB.00867-09 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DF UT WOS:000274021900004 PM 20023031 ER PT J AU Lawrence, PK Kittichotirat, W Bumgarner, RE McDermott, JE Herndon, DR Knowles, DP Srikumaran, S AF Lawrence, Paulraj K. Kittichotirat, Weerayuth Bumgarner, Roger E. McDermott, Jason E. Herndon, David R. Knowles, Donald P. Srikumaran, Subramaniam TI Genome Sequences of Mannheimia haemolytica Serotype A2: Ovine and Bovine Isolates SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; GENES; LEUKOTOXIN; VIRULENCE; DOMAINS; CLONING AB This report describes the genome sequences of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A2 isolated from pneumonic lungs of two different ruminant species, one from Ovis aries, designated ovine (O), and the other from Bos taurus, designated bovine (B). C1 [Lawrence, Paulraj K.; Knowles, Donald P.; Srikumaran, Subramaniam] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kittichotirat, Weerayuth; Bumgarner, Roger E.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McDermott, Jason E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Herndon, David R.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Srikumaran, S (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM ssrikumaran@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Bumgarner, Roger/K-3531-2015; OI Bumgarner, Roger/0000-0002-8168-6985; McDermott, Jason/0000-0003-2961-2572 FU Roche Applied Science FX We are grateful to Roche Applied Science for funding this sequencing project. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 192 IS 4 BP 1167 EP 1168 DI 10.1128/JB.01527-09 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DF UT WOS:000274021900030 PM 19966002 ER PT J AU Meer, RKV Preston, CA Choi, MY AF Meer, Robert K. Vander Preston, Catherine A. Choi, Man-Yeon TI Isolation of a Pyrazine Alarm Pheromone Component from the Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alarm pheromone; Pyrazine; Mandibular gland; Fire ant ID TRAIL PHEROMONES; DEFENCE SYSTEM; PONERINE ANTS; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; SPECIFICITY; BEHAVIOR AB Alarm pheromones in social insects are an essential part of a complex of pheromone interactions that contribute to the maintenance of colony integrity and sociality. The alarm pheromones of ants were among the first examples of animal pheromones identified, primarily because of the large amount of chemical produced and the distinctive responses of ants to the pheromone. However, the alarm pheromone of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, eluded identification for over four decades. We identified 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine as an alarm pheromone component of S. invicta. Worker fire ants detect the pyrazine alarm pheromone at 30 pg/ml, which is comparable to alarm pheromone sensitivities reported for other ant species. The source of this alarm pheromone are the mandibular glands, which, in fire ants, are not well developed and contain only about 300 pg of the compound, much less than the microgram quantities of alarm pheromones reported for several other ant species. Female and male sexuals and workers produce the pyrazine, which suggests that it may be involved in fire ant mating flight initiation, as well as the typical worker alarm response. This is the first report of 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine from a Solenopsis species and the first example of this alkaloid functioning as an alarm pheromone. C1 [Meer, Robert K. Vander; Choi, Man-Yeon] ARS, CMAVE, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Preston, Catherine A.] APHIS, USDA, PPQ, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. RP Meer, RKV (reprint author), ARS, CMAVE, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bob.vandermeer@ars.usda.gov OI Choi, Man-Yeon/0000-0003-0769-380X NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9743-0 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558AG UT WOS:000274711700004 ER PT J AU Shivaji, R Camas, A Ankala, A Engelberth, J Tumlinson, JH Williams, WP Wilkinson, JR Luthe, DS AF Shivaji, Renuka Camas, Alberto Ankala, Arunkanth Engelberth, Jurgen Tumlinson, James H. Williams, W. Paul Wilkinson, Jeff R. Luthe, Dawn Sywassink TI Plants on Constant Alert: Elevated Levels of Jasmonic Acid and Jasmonate-Induced Transcripts in Caterpillar-Resistant Maize SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maize; Induced defenses; Jasmonic acid; Defense gene expression; Herbivory; Plant-herbivore interactions; Monocot; Spodoptera frugiperda; Fall armyworm ID SOUTHWESTERN CORN-BORER; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; ARABIDOPSIS MUTANT CEV1; LEAF-FEEDING DAMAGE; OF-FUNCTION ALLELE; CYSTEINE PROTEASE; METHYL JASMONATE; DEFENSE GENES; 12-OXO-PHYTODIENOIC ACID; OCTADECANOID PATHWAY AB This study was conducted to determine if constitutive levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and other octadecanoid compounds were elevated prior to herbivory in a maize genotype with documented resistance to fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and other lepidopteran pests. The resistant inbred Mp708 had approximately 3-fold higher levels of jasmonic acid (JA) prior to herbivore feeding than the susceptible inbred Tx601. Constitutive levels of cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) also were higher in Mp708 than Tx601. In addition, the constitutive expression of JA-inducible genes, including those in the JA biosynthetic pathway, was higher in Mp708 than Tx601. In response to herbivory, Mp708 generated comparatively higher levels of hydrogen peroxide, and had a greater abundance of NADPH oxidase transcripts before and after caterpillar feeding. Before herbivore feeding, low levels of transcripts encoding the maize insect resistance cysteine protease (Mir1-CP) and the Mir1-CP protein were detected consistently. Thus, Mp708 appears to have a portion of its defense pathway primed, which results in constitutive defenses and the ability to mount a stronger defense when caterpillars attack. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate the constitutive accumulation of JA in Mp708 are unknown, it might account for its enhanced resistance to lepidopteran pests. This genotype could be valuable in studying the signaling pathways that maize uses to response to insect herbivores. C1 [Shivaji, Renuka; Camas, Alberto; Ankala, Arunkanth; Wilkinson, Jeff R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Engelberth, Jurgen] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Biol, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Williams, W. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Luthe, Dawn Sywassink] Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Camas, Alberto] CINVESTAV, Unidad Irapuato, Dpto Ingn Genet, Carr Irapuato Leon 36821, Gto, Mexico. [Tumlinson, James H.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Chem Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Luthe, DS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jcamas@ira.cinvestav.mx; dsl14@psu.edu RI Engelberth, Jurgen/D-3131-2011; Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Ankala, Arunkanth/G-6330-2011 OI Ankala, Arunkanth/0000-0002-6373-9916 FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0641219]; Mississippi State University and USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit [58-6406-6-039] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation Award IOS-0641219 to DSL and a Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6406-6-039 between Mississippi State University and USDA-ARS Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit. NR 60 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 10 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 179 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9752-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558AG UT WOS:000274711700006 PM 20148356 ER PT J AU Staples, JK Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Whitman, DW AF Staples, Joseph K. Bartelt, Robert J. Cosse, Allard A. Whitman, Douglas W. TI Sex Pheromone of the Pine False Webworm Acantholyda erythrocephala (vol 35, pg 1448, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Staples, Joseph K.] Univ So Maine, Dept Environm Sci, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. [Bartelt, Robert J.; Cosse, Allard A.] ARS, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Whitman, Douglas W.] Illinois State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Normal, IL 61790 USA. RP Staples, JK (reprint author), Univ So Maine, Dept Environm Sci, 37 Coll Ave, Gorham, ME 04038 USA. EM jstaples@usm.maine.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 36 IS 2 BP 244 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9759-5 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558AG UT WOS:000274711700013 ER PT J AU Karnieli, A Agam, N Pinker, RT Anderson, M Imhoff, ML Gutman, GG Panov, N Goldberg, A AF Karnieli, Arnon Agam, Nurit Pinker, Rachel T. Anderson, Martha Imhoff, Marc L. Gutman, Garik G. Panov, Natalya Goldberg, Alexander TI Use of NDVI and Land Surface Temperature for Drought Assessment: Merits and Limitations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL VEGETATION INDEX; RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA; CHANGE-VECTOR ANALYSIS; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; NOAA-AVHRR DATA; COVER CHANGE; NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE; AIR-TEMPERATURE; MULTITEMPORAL SPACE; THERMAL-EMISSIONS AB A large number of water- and climate-related applications, such as drought monitoring, are based on spaceborne-derived relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The majority of these applications rely on the existence of a negative slope between the two variables, as identified in site- and time-specific studies. The current paper investigates the generality of the LST-NDVI relationship over a wide range of moisture and climatic/radiation regimes encountered over the North American continent (up to 60 degrees N) during the summer growing season (April-September). Information on LST and NDVI was obtained from long-term (21 years) datasets acquired with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). It was found that when water is the limiting factor for vegetation growth (the typical situation for low latitudes of the study area and during the midseason), the LST NDVI correlation is negative. However, when energy is the limiting factor for vegetation growth (in higher latitudes and elevations, especially at the beginning of the growing season), a positive correlation exists between LST and NDVI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that during the beginning and the end of the growing season, solar radiation is the predominant factor driving the correlation between LST and NDVI, whereas other biophysical variables play a lesser role. Air temperature is the primary factor in midsummer. It is concluded that there is a need to use empirical LST-NDVI relationships with caution and to restrict their application to drought monitoring to areas and periods where negative correlations are observed, namely, to conditions when water-not energy-is the primary factor limiting vegetation growth. C1 [Karnieli, Arnon; Panov, Natalya; Goldberg, Alexander] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Remote Sensing Lab, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. [Agam, Nurit; Anderson, Martha] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Pinker, Rachel T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Imhoff, Marc L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gutman, Garik G.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC USA. RP Karnieli, A (reprint author), Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Remote Sensing Lab, Sede Boker Campus, IL-84990 Sede Boqer, Israel. EM karnieli@bgu.ac.il RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 FU University of Maryland's Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) [NNG04GM89G]; NASA EOD/IDS [NAG59634]; Radiation Sciences Program, Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate [NNG04GD65G] FX We wish to thank the NASA Headquarters' Land Cover Land Use Change Program, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, and the University of Maryland's Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC) for support (Grant NNG04GM89G). NARR data were obtained from NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their Web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. The work that led to the availability of the radiative fluxes was supported by NASA EOD/IDS Grant NAG59634 and by Grant NNG04GD65G from the Radiation Sciences Program, Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate. The ISCCP data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center. Finally, the authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers for their important and constructive comments. NR 96 TC 103 Z9 114 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 618 EP 633 DI 10.1175/2009JCLI2900.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 553DT UT WOS:000274346700008 ER PT J AU Brown, WV Brewer, HB Rader, DJ Schaefer, EJ AF Brown, W. Virgil Brewer, H. Bryan Rader, Daniel J. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI HDL as a treatment target SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Brown, W. Virgil] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Brewer, H. Bryan] Medstar Res Inst, Washington, DC USA. [Rader, Daniel J.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Prevent Cardiol & Lipid Clin, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Lipid Heart Dis Prevent Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Brown, WV (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, 1670 Clairmt Rd, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM editorjcl@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1933-2874 J9 J CLIN LIPIDOL JI J. Clin. Lipidol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 4 IS 1 BP 5 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jacl.2009.12.005 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 561NL UT WOS:000274984300002 PM 21122624 ER PT J AU Bewley, JM Boyce, RE Hockin, J Munksgaard, L Eicher, SD Einstein, ME Schutz, MM AF Bewley, Jeffrey M. Boyce, Robert E. Hockin, Jeremy Munksgaard, Lene Eicher, Susan D. Einstein, Mark E. Schutz, Michael M. TI Influence of milk yield, stage of lactation, and body condition on dairy cattle lying behaviour measured using an automated activity monitoring sensor SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Activity monitor; automatic recording; Precision Dairy Farming technology; lying behaviour ID HOLSTEIN COWS; DEPRIVATION; PASTURE; SYSTEM AB Time spent lying by lactating Holstein-Friesian cows of varying body condition scores (BCS) and milk yield was measured using an animal activity monitor. A 3-week average BCS Was calculated for each cow; and in total, 84 cows were selected with 28 cows each among three BCS categories (Thin: BCS<2.75; Moderate: 2.75,>BCS<3.25; Heavy: BCS >= 3.25) and two stage of lactation categories (<150 clays in milk or >150 clays in milk). Cows were kept in two management systems: parlour/freestall (n=60) or automated milking system/freestall (n=24). Behaviour was recorded for 5.3 +/- 0.1 d for each cow. Production levels were considered using a 28-d rolling average of daily milk production. Cows that exhibited clinical lameness before or during the observation period were excluded from analyses. For cows exhibiting oestrus, the day prior to, day of, and day following breeding were removed. The final analysis included 77 cows (408 d of observation). A mixed model was fitted to describe average daily hours spent lying. Results demonstrated that lying time increased as clays in milk (DIM) increased (P=0.05). Variables that were tested but not Significant (P>0.05) were BCS category, parity category (1 or >= 2) and 28-d rolling average daily milk production. Although a numerical trend for increasing hours spent lying with increasing BCS was observed, after accounting for other factors in the mixed model, BCS did not significantly impact lying time. Continued investigation of these management factors that impact lying time and bouts, using new technologies, more cows, and more herds will hell) dairy owners better manage facilities and cow movements to optimize this essential behaviour. C1 [Bewley, Jeffrey M.; Einstein, Mark E.; Schutz, Michael M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Boyce, Robert E.] IceRobotics Ltd, Roslin BioCtr, Roslin EH25 9TT, Midlothian, Scotland. [Hockin, Jeremy] Barony Coll, Dumfries DG1 3NE, Scotland. [Munksgaard, Lene] Aarhus Univ, Fac Agr Sci, Dept Anim Hlth Welf & Nutr, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. [Eicher, Susan D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bewley, JM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jbewley@uky.edu FU IceRobotics, Ltd FX The willingness of Russel Marchant, Principal and Chief Executive of Barony College, for agreeing to participate in this research project is greatly appreciated. The assistance of Jeremy Hockin, Craig Drummond and Barry Scott of Barony College in working with the herd during this experiment is greatly acknowledged. The technical expertise of Chloe Capewell and Oliver Lewis of IceRobotics in downloading and interpreting the data is also appreciated. The financial contributions of IceRobotics, Ltd. in providing the animal activity monitoring sensors for the study and in support of Jeffrey Bewley's time in Scotland are also acknowledged. Finally, the authors thank Mr Jim Westaway, Cattle Information Service, for his assistance in accessing the herd data. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 44 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 77 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1017/S0022029909990227 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 558SJ UT WOS:000274765800001 PM 19758477 ER PT J AU Soberon, F Lukas, JL Van Amburgh, ME Capuco, AV Galton, DM Overton, TR AF Soberon, F. Lukas, J. L. Van Amburgh, M. E. Capuco, A. V. Galton, D. M. Overton, T. R. TI Effects of increased milking frequency on metabolism and mammary cell proliferation in Holstein dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE increased milking frequency; dairy cow; mammary cell proliferation ID EARLY LACTATION; ENERGY DENSITY; YIELD; PERFORMANCE; HEALTH; DIET AB Results of previous studies have shown that increased milking frequency (IMF) during early lactation results in increased milk yield not only during the period of IMF but also after cows have returned to a decreased milking frequency. The cellular mechanisms underpinning this increased milk yield and the overall effects of IMF on metabolism have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of IMF on metabolism and mammary epithelial cell proliferation in dairy cows. Thirty primiparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned randomly at calving to I of 2 treatments. The control group was milked twice daily (2x) for 119 d, whereas the IMF group was milked 4 times daily (4x) from d 2 post-calving until d 21 and then 2x from d 22 until d 119. Overall milk yield did not differ between treatments throughout the 119 d monitored; however, the interaction of treatment by week was significant in that IMF cows yielded 4.8 kg/d more milk than control cows during wk 2 and 3 and had similar levels of milk yield during the remainder of the study period. Reanalysis of data excluding data from cows subjected to mammary biopsy suggested that the mammary biopsy procedure contributed to the lack of overall responses of milk yield, but that responses overall to IMF were greater in primiparous cows compared with multiparous cows. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were elevated in multiparous cows subjected to IMF during the period of IMF, but were not influenced by treatment in primiparous cows. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by treatment. Mammary tissue was collected by biopsy in a subset of cows (n = 8 cows per parity and treatment) at calving and at d 21 and 75 postpartum and used for immunohistochemical localization of the cell proliferation antigen, Ki67. Effects of treatment on mammary epithelial cell proliferation were not significant, suggesting that other mechanisms must be responsible for carryover effects of IMF on lactational performance. C1 [Soberon, F.; Lukas, J. L.; Van Amburgh, M. E.; Galton, D. M.; Overton, T. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Capuco, A. V.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Overton, TR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM tro2@cornell.edu FU Federal Formula Funds FX The assistance of the following colleagues in implementing the study and analyzing samples is gratefully acknowledged: Kevin Harvatine (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) for assistance with the mammary biopsy protocol, Chris Evock-Clover (ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD) and Ramona Ehrhardt (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY) for laboratory technical assistance, and the crew at the Cornell University Dairy Teaching and Research Center for daily management of the cows and their cooperation. Partial funding for this study was provided through Federal Formula Funds allocated to the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 565 EP 573 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2345 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 550BR UT WOS:000274102500014 PM 20105528 ER PT J AU Boehmer, JL Ward, JL Peters, RR Shefcheck, KJ McFarland, MA Bannerman, DD AF Boehmer, J. L. Ward, J. L. Peters, R. R. Shefcheck, K. J. McFarland, M. A. Bannerman, D. D. TI Proteomic analysis of the temporal expression of bovine milk proteins during coliform mastitis and label-free relative quantification SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine milk proteome; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; coliform mastitis; label-free quantification ID GLOBULE-MEMBRANE PROTEOME; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; IDENTIFICATION; ABUNDANCE; MIXTURES AB The discovery of biomarkers in milk indicative of local inflammation or disease in the bovine mammary gland has been hindered by the extreme biological complexity of milk, the dynamic range of proteins in the matrix that renders the identification of low-abundance proteins difficult, and the challenges associated with quantifying changes during disease in the abundance of proteins for which no antibody exists. The objectives of the current study were to characterize the temporal expression of milk proteins following Escherichia coli challenge and to evaluate change in relative abundance of identified proteins using a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) label-free semiquantitative approach. Liquid chromatography-MS/MS conducted on whey from milk samples collected just before infusion with E. coli and at 12, 187 24, 36, 48, and 60 h following infection resulted in the identification of the high- to medium-abundance proteins alpha(S1)-, alpha(S2)- beta-, and kappa-caseins and the whey proteins serum albumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and a-lactalbumin. Additionally, a select number of lower abundance markers of inflammation were also identified, including lactoferrin, transferrin, apolipoprotein AI, fibrinogen, glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1, peptidoglycan recognition receptor protein, and cyclic dodecapeptide-1. Normalized peptide counts for each protein identified were used to evaluate temporal changes in milk proteins following infection. For comparison with relative protein abundance determined using proteomic-based methods, changes in serum albumin, lactoferrin, and transferrin in milk during disease were also measured using ELISA. Label-free, proteomic-based quantification revealed relative changes in milk proteins that corresponded to expression profiles generated by ELISA. The results indicate that label-free LC-MS/MS methods are a viable means of tracking changes in relative protein abundance in milk during disease. Despite the identification of primarily abundant milk proteins, the results indicate that, with further refinement, LC-MS/MS could be used to evaluate temporal changes in proteins related to host response for which no antibody or ELISA currently exists. C1 [Boehmer, J. L.; Ward, J. L.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Boehmer, J. L.; Peters, R. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shefcheck, K. J.; McFarland, M. A.] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bannerman, D. D.] USDA ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Boehmer, JL (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM jamie.boehmer@fda.hhs.gov RI McFarland, Melinda/A-1866-2013 NR 34 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 93 IS 2 BP 593 EP 603 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2526 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 550BR UT WOS:000274102500017 PM 20105531 ER PT J AU Schafer, MO Ritter, W Pettis, JS Neumann, P AF Schaefer, Marc O. Ritter, Wolfgang Pettis, Jeff S. Neumann, Peter TI Winter Losses of Honeybee Colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae): The Role of Infestations With Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Varroa destructor (Parasitiformes: Varroidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; honeybee; Nosema ceranae; Varroa destructor ID SMALL HIVE BEETLES; BEE APIS-MELLIFERA; JACOBSONI OUD; UNITED-STATES; FLUVALINATE RESISTANCE; COLLAPSE DISORDER; SCIENTIFIC NOTE; NOSEMA-CERANAE; MITE; DETECT AB Multiple infections of managed honeybee, Apis mellifera, colonies are inevitable due to the ubiquitous ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor and might be an underlying cause of winter losses. Here we investigated the role of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, alone and in combination with V. destructor for winter losses and for infections with the microsporidian endoparasite Nosema ceranae. We found no significant influence of A. tumida and V destructor alone or in combination on the numbers of N. ceranae spores. Likewise, A. tumida alone had no significant effects on winter losses, which is most likely due to the observed high winter mortality of the adult beetles. Therefore, our data suggest that A. tumida is unlikely to contribute to losses of overwintering honeybee colonies. However, high losses occurred in all groups highly infested with V. destructor, supporting the central role of the mite for colony losses. C1 [Schaefer, Marc O.; Neumann, Peter] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Bern, Switzerland. [Schaefer, Marc O.; Ritter, Wolfgang] Inst Chem & Vet Res CVUA, Freiburg, Germany. [Pettis, Jeff S.] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Schafer, MO (reprint author), Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, Bern, Switzerland. EM marcoliver.schaefer@alp.admin.ch FU German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection FX We thank Josephine Johnson, Victor Levi, Nathan Rice, Andrew Ulsamer, and Stephan Hartel for providi ng tech n ical and field assistance that contributed much to the success of the project. Financial support was granted to M. S., W. R., and P. N. by the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection through the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 42 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1603/EC09233 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552BO UT WOS:000274261700002 PM 20214362 ER PT J AU Hallman, GJ AF Hallman, Guy J. TI Efficacy of Delayed Atmospheric Modification in a Heat/Modified Atmosphere Phytosanitary Treatment SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; quarantine; commodity treatment; controlled atmosphere; disinfestation ID ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; COMBINATION HEAT; CODLING MOTH; FLY DIPTERA; CONFIRMATION; TEPHRITIDAE; TESTS AB The combination of heat and low levels of oxygen increases mortality to insects infesting fruit compared with either heat or low oxygen alone. This combination treatment shows promise to disinfest commodities of quarantine pests. Heated air/modified atmosphere treatments employ the modified atmosphere (e.g., low oxygen) during the entire treatment interval. There is a positive relationship between temperature and efficacy of heat/modified atmosphere treatments. Efficacy of delaying atmospheric modification in a heat/modified atmosphere treatment was studied with the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a quarantine pest of citrus and other fruit in Mexico, Central America, and southern Texas. Larvae were subjected to heat/low oxygen treatments in vitro as well as in grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfayden. The relationship between time delay of the modified atmosphere and estimated time required to kill 99% of Mexican fruit fly third instars was not linear, which would indicate an additive relationship, but followed a sigmoid relationship. When infested grapefruit were heated with 47 degrees C air in three atmospheric regimes: 1) air; 2) N(2) at 99 kPa plus O(2) at 1 kPa; or 3) air for 55 min then N(2) at 99 kPa plus O(2) at 1 kPa for the remainder of the treatment, estimated 99% prevention of pupariation was 157, 127, and 141 min, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Hallman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM guy.hallman@ars.usda.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1603/EC09213 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552BO UT WOS:000274261700005 PM 20214365 ER PT J AU Pereira, R Sivinski, J Teal, PEA AF Pereira, Rui Sivinski, John Teal, Peter E. A. TI Influence of a Juvenile Hormone Analog and Dietary Protein on Male Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) Sexual Success SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caribbean fruit fly; hydrolyzed yeast; male competitiveness; methoprene; sexual performance ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; LOEW DIPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; ADULT DIET; COPULA DURATION; MATING SUCCESS; SPERM STORAGE; LONGEVITY; SIZE; AGE AB Juvenile hormone levels and adult diet have important effects on the attractiveness and competitiveness of male Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Caribbean fruit fly). Because the success of the sterile insect technique requires the release of males that can compete in the wild, these effects are of crucial importance. Laboratory and field cage experiments were conducted to compare male sexual performance on a lifetime basis and daily basis when submitted to four different treatments: (M(+)P(+)) application of the juvenile hormone analog, methoprene (M) and sugar and hydrolyzed yeast as adult food; (M(+)P(-)) application of M and sugar as adult food; (M(-)P(+)) no application of M and sugar and hydrolyzed yeast as adult food; and (M(-)P(-)) no application of M and sugar as adult food. On a daily basis, M(+)P(+) males always performed better sexually, and 10% of these individuals were able to mate three consecutive times in the same day. However, the copula duration decreased with the increased number of matings on same day. In addition, M caused earlier maturation. On a lifetime basis, M(+)P(+) males had significantly greater sexual success than other flies. The substantial improvement in male sexual performance because of the hormone application, protein supply, and interaction of hormone and protein has the potential of producing more efficacious sterile males. C1 [Pereira, Rui] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pereira, Rui; Sivinski, John; Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Pereira, R (reprint author), Joint FAO IAEA, Div Nucl Tech Food & Agr, Insect Pest Control Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. EM R.Cardoso-Pereira@iaea.org FU International Atomic Energy Agency [12863]; Centro de Ciencia e Teenologia da Madeira [BD 1/2002-004] FX We thank N. Epsky (USDA-ARS, Miami, FL) and B. Yuval (Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel) for critical reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. This project was funded in part by the International Atomic Energy Agency (Research Contract 12863). Financial support was provided to R.P. by the Centro de Ciencia e Teenologia da Madeira through PhD Grant BD 1/2002-004. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1603/EC08324 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552BO UT WOS:000274261700006 PM 20214366 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Meihls, LN Ellersieck, MR Onstad, DW AF Hibbard, Bruce E. Meihls, Lisa N. Ellersieck, Mark R. Onstad, David W. TI Density-Dependent and Density-Independent Mortality of the Western Corn Rootworm: Impact on Dose Calculations of Rootworm-Resistant Bt Corn SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; density-dependent survival; dose; adult emergence ID DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA; POPULATION-DENSITY; CONTROLLED INFESTATIONS; CHRYSOMELIDAE EGGS; SEX-RATIO; COLEOPTERA; SURVIVAL; MAIZE; DAMAGE; FIELD AB The percentage of viable eggs of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, which survived to the adult stage was evaluated for the effect of egg density in 2005 and 2007 in central Missouri. 111 2005, each plot was 2.44 by 3.05 In and contained 64 maize (corn), Zea mays L., plants. In 2007, plots were 3.05 by 3.05 to and again contained 64 corn plants. Seven egg densities (2,400, 1,200, 600, 300, 100, 50, and 25 viable eggs per 30.5 cm) were evaluated with four to six replications in each year in a completely randomized design. In 2007 only, all additional row was infested near each plot to evaluate plant damage. In both years, there was no correlation of infestation level and percentage of emergence between infestation levels of 25-600 viable eggs per 30.5 cm, indicating that density-dependent mortality did not occur at these egg densities. In 2005, 8.04% of the viable eggs established on a corn plant and produced an adult at these lower infestation rates. In 2007, this value was 2.9%. Regardless of egg density, approximate to 92-97% failed to establish and produce adults (density-independent mortality). 111 2005 and in the combined analysis, as viable egg densities increased from 600 to 2400 per 30.5 cm there was a significant decrease in percentage of emergence. In a broken line analysis of the 2005 data, the point where density-dependent mortality began in the combined analysis was 851 eggs per 30.5 cm with a 95% confidence interval from 678 to 1.024. That year density-dependent mortality was important at high infestations and killed 54.4% of those larvae that successfully established on a plant at the highest egg density. However, little or no density-dependent mortality occurred at infestation levels <850 viable eggs per 30.5 cm in either year of the study. Combining data from both years with all previously published data in a broken line analysis indicated that density-dependent mortality began at approximate to 800 viable eggs per 30.5 cm. These data are discussed in terms of dose calculations for products targeting the western corn rootworm. C1 [Hibbard, Bruce E.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Meihls, Lisa N.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Ellersieck, Mark R.] Univ Missouri, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Onstad, David W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bruce.hibbard@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 16 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1603/EC09277 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552BO UT WOS:000274261700011 PM 20214371 ER PT J AU Colunga-Garcia, M Haack, RA Magarey, RA Margosian, ML AF Colunga-Garcia, Manuel Haack, Robert A. Magarey, Roger A. Margosian, Margaret L. TI Modeling Spatial Establishment Patterns of Exotic Forest Insects in Urban Areas in Relation to Tree Cover and Propagule Pressure SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; nonindigenous species; urban forest; emerald ash borer ID ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE; UNITED-STATES; FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; COLEOPTERA; INTERCEPTIONS; CERAMBYCIDAE; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; BORER AB As international trade increases so does the prominence of urban areas as gateways for exotic forest insects (EFI). Delimiting hot spots for invasions (i.e., areas where establishment is likely) within urban areas would facilitate monitoring efforts. We used a propagule-pressure framework to delimit establishment hot spots of a hypothetical generalist EFI in six U.S. urban areas: Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, New York-Newark, and Seattle. We assessed how urban tree cover and propagule pressure interact to delimit establishment hot spots and compared the location of these hot spots with actual recent U.S. detections of two EFI: the Asian strain of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), and Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Using a lattice of 5-km-diameter cells for each urban area, we used the input data (urban tree cover and propagule pressure) to model establishment and Moran's I to delimit hot spots. We used urban population size and the area of commercial-industrial land use as indicators of propagule pressure in the model. Relative establishment of EFI was influenced more by the two propagule pressure indicators than by tree cover. The delimited land use-based hot spots for Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana and New York-Newark encompassed more of the actual detections of L. dispar and A. glabripennis, respectively, than the population-based hot spots. No significant difference occurred between hot spot types for A. glabripennis detections in the Chicago urban area. Implications of these findings for management and design of monitoring programs in urban areas are discussed. C1 [Colunga-Garcia, Manuel] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Haack, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Magarey, Roger A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Margosian, Margaret L.] Kansas State Univ, Geog Informat Syst Spatial Anal Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Colunga-Garcia, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, 204 Manly Miles Bldg,1405 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM colunga@msu.edu FU NRI-USDA/CSREES/Plant Biosecurity Program [200655605-16658] FX We thank Laura Bix, Eva Kassens, Janice Molloy, Theresa Schultz, Trixie Smith, and two anonymous reviewers for providing comments to enhance this manuscript; Kurt Gottschalk for offering Suggestions to improve the analysis; and Chadni Blian from Michigan State University-Center for Statistical Training and Consulting (MSU-CSTAT) for assisting with statistical analysis. This work was supported by the NRI-USDA/CSREES/Plant Biosecurity Program grant 200655605-16658. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 32 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1603/EC09203 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552BO UT WOS:000274261700015 PM 20214375 ER PT J AU Zhu, LC Liu, X Chen, MS AF Zhu, Lieceng Liu, Xiang Chen, Ming-Shun TI Differential Accumulation of Phytohormones in Wheat Seedlings Attacked by Avirulent and Virulent Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Larvae SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytohormones; Mayetiola destructor; wheat; resistance ID ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE; SALICYLIC-ACID; PLANT-RESPONSES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; GENE-EXPRESSION; JASMONIC-ACID; DEFENSE; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE; LECTIN AB We analyzed the accumulation of six phytohormones and phytohormone-related compounds in a wheat, Triticum aestivium L., genotype, 'Molly', after attacks by avirulent and virulent Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), larvae, respectively, and we examined the expression of genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway by Northern blot analysis. Compared with uninfested plants, attacks by avirulent larvae resulted in increased accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) by 11.3- and 8.2-fold, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) by 36.4-and 18.7-fold, 18:3 fatty acid by 4.5- and 2.2-fold, and 18:1 fatty acid by 1.8- and 1.9-fold at 24 and 72 h post-initial attack (hpia), respectively, but an 20% decrease in JA accumulation at 24 hpia at the attack site. Attacks by the virulent larvae did not affect the accumulation of SA, OPDA, and 18:3 and 18:1 fatty acids but dramatically increased the concentration of auxin (AUX) from undetectable in uninfested plants to 381.7 ng/g fresh weight at 24 hpia and 71.0 ng/g fresh weight at 72 hpia in infested plants. Transcript levels of genes encoding lipoxygenase 2, allene oxide synthase, and Arabidopsis storage protein 2 were increased after avirulent larval attacks but decreased after virulent larval attacks. Our results suggest that OPDA and SA may act together in wheat resistance to the Hessian fly, whereas AUX may play a role in the susceptibility of wheat plants. The increased OPDA accumulation after avirulent larval attacks was at least partially regulated through gene transcription. C1 [Zhu, Lieceng] Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. [Liu, Xiang; Chen, Ming-Shun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Liu, Xiang] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Chen, Ming-Shun] USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Zhu, LC (reprint author), Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. EM lzhu@uncfsu.edu FU Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities [P20 MD001089] FX We thank the Kansas Lipidomics Center at Kansas State University for profiling phytohormones and providing written measurement procedures. This research was supported by grant P20 MD001089 from the Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities. NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 178 EP 185 DI 10.1603/EC09224 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552BO UT WOS:000274261700024 PM 20214384 ER PT J AU Athanassiou, CG Arthur, FH Throne, JE AF Athanassiou, Christos G. Arthur, Frank H. Throne, James E. TI Effects of Short Exposures to Spinosad-Treated Wheat or Maize on Four Stored-Grain Insects SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha dominica; Sitophilus oryzae; Tribolium castaneum; Lepinotus reticulatus; stored products ID RHYZOPERTHA-DOMINICA COLEOPTERA; SITOPHILUS-ORYZAE COLEOPTERA; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; INSECTICIDAL EFFICACY; PRODUCT INSECTS; F COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; TENEBRIONIDAE; BOSTRICHIDAE; CYFLUTHRIN AB The effect of short exposures to spinosad-treated wheat, Triticum aestivum L., or maize, Zea mays L., was evaluated against adults of four stored-product insect species: lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae); rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae); and the psocid Lepinotus reticulatus (Enderlein) (Psocoptera: Trogiidae). Adult mortality of these species was recorded after 0, 2, 4,8,16, and 40 h on commodities treated with 1 ppm of spinosad (immediate mortality). Then, the surviving individuals were removed and placed on untreated wheat or maize, and mortality was recorded again 7 d later (delayed mortality). Progeny production then was determined 65 and 35 d later for the beetles mid psocids, respectively. Among the four species tested, R. dominica was the most susceptible, and immediate mortality after 40 h reached 78 mid 72% on wheat and maize, respectively. Moreover, 7 d later, all adults that bad been exposed for >2 h were dead on both commodities. Progeny production was significantly reduced in comparison with the controls, and no progeny were found when parental adults had been exposed for >8 or >4 h on wheat and maize, respectively. For S. oryzae, 40-h exposures significantly increased delayed mortality on both wheat and maize, but progeny production still was high. Generally, no effect of short exposures was noted for T castaneum. For L. reticulatus, despite the fact that the increase of exposure interval increased mortality on maize, progeny production was not avoided. With the exception of T. castaneum, more progeny were found on wheat than on maize. The results of the current study indicate that R. dominica is very susceptible after short exposures to spinosad-treated substrate, but the other species are able to survive and reproduce at the exposure range examined. C1 [Athanassiou, Christos G.] Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, Athens 11855, Greece. [Athanassiou, Christos G.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Athanassiou, CG (reprint author), Agr Univ Athens, Lab Agr Zool & Entomol, 75 Iera Odos, Athens 11855, Greece. EM athanas@aua.gr NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1603/EC09115 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552BO UT WOS:000274261700027 PM 20214387 ER PT J AU Ariana, DP Lu, RF AF Ariana, Diwan P. Lu, Renfu TI Evaluation of internal defect and surface color of whole pickles using hyperspectral imaging SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Whole pickles; Cucumbers; Internal defects; Transmittance; Reflectance; Hyperspectral imaging; Color ID NEAR-INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION; QUALITY AB Hyperspectral imaging operated under simultaneous reflectance (400-675 nm) and transmittance (6751000 nm) modes was studied for non-destructive and non-contact sensing of surface color and bloater damage in whole pickles. Good and defective pickles were collected from a commercial pickle processing plant. Hyperspectral images of these pickles were obtained using a prototype of on-line hyperspectral imaging system, operating in the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. Principal component analysis was applied to the hyperspectral images of the pickle samples for bloater damage detection. Color of the pickles was modeled using tristimulus values calculated based on the hyperspectral images. There were no differences in chroma and hue angle of good and defective pickles. The average chroma of good and defective pickles was 15.5 and 15.0, respectively, and the hue angle 94.0 degrees and 93.8 degrees, respectively. Transmittance images at 675-1000 nm were much more effective for internal defect detection compared to reflectance images for the visible region of 500-675 nm. An overall defect classification accuracy of 86% was achieved. compared with an accuracy of 70% by the human inspectors. With further improvement, the hyperspectral imaging system could meet the need of bloated pickles detection in a commercial plant setting. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ariana, Diwan P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, ARS, USDA, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Ariana, DP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Biosyst & Agr Engn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM arianadi@msu.edu NR 19 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 96 IS 4 BP 583 EP 590 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.09.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 523HQ UT WOS:000272063600015 ER PT J AU Bechtel, PJ Morey, A Oliveira, ACM Wu, TH Plante, S Bower, CK AF Bechtel, P. J. Morey, A. Oliveira, A. C. M. Wu, T. H. Plante, S. Bower, C. K. TI CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF PACIFIC OCEAN PERCH (SEBASTES ALUTUS) WHOLE FISH AND BY-PRODUCTS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID WASTE MATERIAL; PROTEIN; COD; SALMON; ELECTROPHORESIS; TRIMETHYLAMINE; DIMETHYLAMINE; SEPARATION; AMMONIA; VISCERA AB There is a growing interest in developing either food or feed ingredients from the large volumes of Pacific Ocean perch (POP) by-products produced in Alaska. Determining the chemical composition of POP by-products is fundamental for developing novel ingredients using these materials. The objective of this study was to chemically characterize POP and its by-products. Triplicate samples of fresh POP whole fish, heads, frames and viscera were obtained from a commercial seafood processor in Alaska, and each replicate sample was individually analyzed for moisture, lipid, protein, ash, amino acid and mineral contents, fatty acid profile, lipid classes, pH, protein solubility, color, volatile amines and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins. The lipid and protein contents of the POP samples were 7.8 and 17.9% for whole fish, 10.5 and 15.2% for frames, 9.3 and 14.9% for heads, and 13.5 and 11.3% for viscera, respectively. Frames, heads and whole fish had ash values of 6.0, 6.7 and 4.3%, respectively. From the amino acid profiles, the values for lysine ranged from a low value of 7.3% for heads to a high value of 8.3% of total amino acids for frames. Methionine values ranged from 3.2 to 3.4% for all tissues. Frames and heads had high values for calcium and phosphorus, while viscera had the highest levels of iron. The analysis of fatty acids indicated high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with EPA/DHA ratios of approximately 2 for all tissues. Results indicated that the protein fraction of POP by-products was of high quality, and its lipids were a valuable source of omega-3 fatty acids. C1 [Bechtel, P. J.; Wu, T. H.; Bower, C. K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Morey, A.; Oliveira, A. C. M.; Plante, S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Bechtel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bechtel@sfos.uaf.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture FX We thank the United States Department of Agriculture (Agriculture and Research Services) for providing the funds for this research project, and the Fishery Industrial Technology Center for providing equipment funding. We also thank Heather Averett, Steven Coen, Kathryn Brenner and Robert Pfutzenreuter for their technical expertise. This research is part of an ongoing effort to enhance the utilization of Alaska fish by-products by developing novel food and feed ingredients. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 34 SU 1 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2008.00279.x PG 18 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 548WB UT WOS:000273998900006 ER PT J AU Ravishankar, S Zhu, LB Reyna-Granados, J Law, B Joens, L Friedman, M AF Ravishankar, Sadhana Zhu, Libin Reyna-Granados, Javier Law, Bibiana Joens, Lynn Friedman, Mendel TI Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde Inactivate Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella enterica in Buffer and on Celery and Oysters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS; BACILLUS-CEREUS; GROUND-BEEF; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; VIBRIO-PARAHAEMOLYTICUS AB The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella is of concern to food processors. The objective of this research was to identity antimicrobial activities of cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and oil celery and oysters. Twenty-three isolates were screened for resistance to seven antibiotics. Two resistant and two susceptible strains were chosen for the study. S. enterica cultures (1055 CFU/ml) were added to different concentrations of cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% [vol/vol]) in PBS, mixed, and incubated at 37 degrees C. Samples were taken at 0, 1 5, and 24 h for enumeration. Celery and oysters were inoculated with S. enterica (10(6-7) CFU/ml), treated with 1% cinnamaldehyde or 1% carvacrol, incubated at 4 degrees C, and then sampled for enumeration oil days 0 and 3. Both anti microbials induced complete inactivation of S. enterica in PBS at 0.3 and 0.4% Oil exposure, and on 0.2% in 1 h. Exposure to cinnamaldehyde at 0.1% inactivated all pathogens at 1 h, and survivors were observed only for Salmonella Newport with 0.1% carvacrol at 1 h. In celery, 1% carvacrol reduced S. enterica populations to below detection oil day 0, while 1% cinnamaldehyde reduced populations by 1 and 2.3 log oil day 0 and day 3, respectively. In oysters, both antimicrobials caused about 5-log reductions on day 3. These results show the potential antimicrobial effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde against antibiotic-resistant S. enterica in vitro and in foods. C1 [Ravishankar, Sadhana; Zhu, Libin; Reyna-Granados, Javier; Law, Bibiana; Joens, Lynn] Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Friedman, Mendel] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ravishankar, S (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Vet Sci & Microbiol, 1117 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM sadhravi@email.arizona.edu OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 FU College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona FX Research in Dr. Ravishankar's laboratory was Supported by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona. NR 48 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 73 IS 2 BP 234 EP 240 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 558RS UT WOS:000274763600003 PM 20132667 ER PT J AU de los Santos, FS Hume, M Venkitanarayanan, K Donoghue, AM Hanning, I Slavik, MF Aguiar, VF Metcalf, JH Reyes-Herrera, I Blore, PJ Donoghue, DJ AF de los Santos, Fausto Solis Hume, Michael Venkitanarayanan, Kumar Donoghue, Ann M. Hanning, Irene Slavik, Michael F. Aguiar, Vivian F. Metcalf, Joel H. Reyes-Herrera, Ixchel Blore, Pamela J. Donoghue, Dan J. TI Caprylic Acid Reduces Enteric Campylobacter Colonization in Market-Aged Broiler Chickens but Does Not Appear To Alter Cecal Microbial Populations SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE RISK-ASSESSMENT; IN-VITRO INACTIVATION; FEED WITHDRAWAL; JEJUNI COLONIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FATTY-ACIDS; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACTS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION AB Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and epidemiological evidence indicates poultry products to be a significant Source of human Campylobacter infections. Caprylic acid, air eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid. reduces Campylobacter colonization in chickens. How caprylic acid reduces Campylobacter carriage may be related to changes in intestinal microflora. To evaluate this possibility, cecal microbial populations Were evaluated with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis front market-age broiler chickens fed caprylic acid. In the first trial, chicks (n = 40 per trial) were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10 birds per treatment group): positive controls (Campylobacter, no caprylic acid). with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before slaughters and 0.7% caprylic acid supplemented in feed for the last 3 days of the trial. with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before Slaughter. Treatments were similar for trial 2, except caprylic acid Was supplemented for the last 7 days of the trial. At age 14 clays, chicks were orally challenged with Campylobacter jejuni and on day 42, ceca were collected for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Campylobacter analysis. Caprylic acid supplemented for 3 or 7 clays at 0.7% reduced Campylobacter compared with the positive controls, except for the 7-day treatment with a 12-h feed withdrawal period. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the cecal content showed very limited differences in microbial populations. The results of this Study indicate that caprylic acid's ability to reduce Campylobacter does not appear to he due to changes in cecal microflora. C1 [de los Santos, Fausto Solis; Hanning, Irene; Slavik, Michael F.; Aguiar, Vivian F.; Metcalf, Joel H.; Reyes-Herrera, Ixchel; Blore, Pamela J.; Donoghue, Dan J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Hume, Michael] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Venkitanarayanan, Kumar] Univ Connecticut, Dept Anim Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Donoghue, Ann M.] ARS, USDA, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Donoghue, DJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, 1260 W Maple St, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM ddonogh@uark.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extention Service [2006-02429] FX This research Was funded in part by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extention Service, National Integrated Food Safety Program no. 2006-02429 to K. Venkitanarayanan and D. J. Donoghue. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 73 IS 2 BP 251 EP 257 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 558RS UT WOS:000274763600005 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Meinersmann, RJ Frank, JF Ladely, SR AF Berrang, Mark E. Meinersmann, Richard J. Frank, Joseph F. Ladely, Scott R. TI Colonization of a Newly Constructed Commercial Chicken Further Processing Plant with Listeria monocytogenes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID POULTRY PRODUCTS; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; LEVEL; MEAT; PREVALENCE; RECOVERY; STRAINS; FOODS; SLAUGHTERHOUSE AB This Study was undertaken to determine potential Sources of Listeria monocytogenes in a newly constructed chicken further processing plant and document the eventual colonization of the facility by this pathogen. To ascertain the colonization status of the plant, floor drains were sampled after a production shift and again after a cleanup Shift On roughly a monthly basis for 21 months. Potential sources of L. monocytogenes to the plant included incoming raw meat. incoming fresh air, and personnel. Nearby environment and community samples were also examined. All L. monocytogenes detected were subjected to DNA sequence-based subtyping. L. monocytogenes was not detected in the plant before the commencement of processing operations. Within 4 months, several subtypes of L. monocytogenes were detected in floor drains, both before and after cleaning and sanitizing operations. No L. monocytogenes was detected on filters for incoming air, samples associated with plant employees. or a nearby discount shopping center. One subtype of L. monocytogenes was detected in a natural stream near the plant; however, this subtype was never detected inside the plant. Eight subtypes of L. monocytogenes were detected in raw meat staged for further processing: one of the raw meat subtypes was indistinguishable from a persistent drain subtype recovered after cleaning on eight occasions in four different drains. Poultry further processing plants are likely to become colonized with L. monocytogenes raw product is an important source of the organism to the plant. C1 [Berrang, Mark E.; Meinersmann, Richard J.; Ladely, Scott R.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Frank, Joseph F.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM mark.berrang@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 73 IS 2 BP 286 EP 291 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 558RS UT WOS:000274763600009 PM 20132673 ER PT J AU Arthur, TM Bosilevac, JM Kalchayanand, N Wells, JE Shackelford, SD Wheeler, TL Koohmaraie, M AF Arthur, Terrance M. Bosilevac, Joseph M. Kalchayanand, Norasak Wells, James E. Shackelford, Steven D. Wheeler, Tommy L. Koohmaraie, Mohammad TI Evaluation of a Direct-Fed Microbial Product Effect on the Prevalence and Load of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BEEF PROCESSING PLANTS; LACTOBACILLUS-ACIDOPHILUS; PREHARVEST INTERVENTIONS; AEROBIC-BACTERIA; O157-H7; PERFORMANCE; SALMONELLA; HIDES; CARCASS; DECONTAMINATION AB Direct-fed microbials (DFM) have been identified as potential preharvest interventions for the reduction of foodborne bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7. This study evaluated the efficacy of a DFM consisting of Bacillus subtilis strain 166 as an antimicrobial intervention strategy for the reduction of prevalence and load of E. coli O157:H7 in feces and on hides of feedlot cattle. Cattle (n = 526) were divided among 16 feedlot pens. Half of the pens received the DFM, and the other half did not. Hide and fecal samples were collected from each animal on days 28, 63, and 84 of the feeding trial. Over the course of the 84-day feeding period. there were no significant differences observed between treatments for either hide or fecal prevalence of E. coli O157:H7, or for the percentage of animals that were shedding E. coli O157:H7 at high levels (>= 200 CFU/g) in their feces or harboring E. coli O157:H7 at high levels (>= 40 CFU/cm(2)) on their hides. In addition. there was no significant difference between the average daily gains for the treated and control groups, with both groups averaging 1.3 kg/day. We concluded that the DFM tested would not be an effective preharvest intervention against E. coli O157:H7. C1 [Arthur, Terrance M.; Bosilevac, Joseph M.; Kalchayanand, Norasak; Wells, James E.; Shackelford, Steven D.; Wheeler, Tommy L.; Koohmaraie, Mohammad] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Arthur, TM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Terrance.Arthur@ars.usda.gov RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU Ivy Animal Health, Inc FX Partial funding for this project provided by Ivy Animal Health, Inc. We thank Julie Dyer, Emily Griess, Bruce Jasch, Dee Kucera. Frank Reno, Sarah Schumacher, and Greg Smith for technical support. and Marilyn Bierman for secretarial support. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 73 IS 2 BP 366 EP 371 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 558RS UT WOS:000274763600021 PM 20132685 ER PT J AU Deal, RL Heithecker, T Zenner, EK AF Deal, Robert L. Heithecker, Troy Zenner, Eric K. TI Comparison of tree size structure and growth for partially harvested and even-aged hemlock-spruce stands in southeast Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th IUFRO Workshop of the Uneven-Aged Silviculture Research Group CY OCT 24-27, 2008 CL Shizuoka, JAPAN SP IUFRO DE Clearcutting; Partial cutting; Southeast Alaska; Stand structure; Tree growth ID WESTERN HEMLOCK; FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; VALUES; DEER AB The effects of partial cutting on tree size structure and stand growth were evaluated in 52 plots in 13 stands in southeast Alaska that were partially harvested 53-96 years ago and compared with 50-year-old even-aged stands that developed after clearcutting. The net basal-area growth was greater in the partially cut plots than in the uncut plots, and basal-area growth generally increased with increasing cutting intensity. However, the basal-area growth of all of the partially harvested stands was significantly less than the growth of 50-year-old even-aged stands, and net basal area growth over the 50 year period since partial harvesting was about 33-43% of the growth of the even-aged stands. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands, and the cutting had no significant effect on tree species composition. The tree size distribution of the partially harvested stands was far more complex and well distributed in comparison with the 50-year-old even-aged stands, and included the presence of several trees with diameters of more than 100 cm. These trees included both large-diameter spruce and hemlock trees and were a distinctive structural feature that was noticeably lacking in the even-aged stands. C1 [Deal, Robert L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Heithecker, Troy] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Management Serv Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Zenner, Eric K.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM rdeal@fs.fed.us NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-6979 J9 J FOREST RES-JPN JI J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10310-009-0155-3 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 549IB UT WOS:000274040100005 ER PT J AU Vodde, F Jogiste, K Gruson, L Ilisson, T Koster, K Stanturf, J AF Vodde, Floortje Jogiste, Kalev Gruson, Loic Ilisson, Triin Koester, Kajar Stanturf, John A. TI Regeneration in windthrow areas in hemiboreal forests: the influence of microsite on the height growths of different tree species SO JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th IUFRO Workshop of the Uneven-Aged Silviculture Research Group CY OCT 24-27, 2008 CL Shizuoka, JAPAN SP IUFRO DE Microsite; Norway spruce; Regeneration; Silver birch; Wind disturbance ID SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; CONIFEROUS FOREST; NORTHERN JAPAN; NORWAY SPRUCE; SOUTHERN FINLAND; BOREAL FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEAD WOOD; DISTURBANCE; ESTONIA AB Natural regeneration of windthrow areas is an important issue when planning forestry measures after forest disturbances. Seedling recruitment was investigated in storm-damaged hemiboreal mixed forests in eastern Estonia. The establishment and growth of seedlings from natural regeneration was registered for tree species in soil pits and in mounds of uprooted trees in stands that were either heavily or moderately damaged. Seedling growth is expected to be better in large but shallow soil pits created by uprooted Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and poorer in small but deep pits created by the hardwoods in the area, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and European aspen (Populus tremula L.). The most abundant regenerating species was birch. Pits hosted larger seedling numbers than mounds, due to soil instability in mounds. Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) showed significantly faster growth than the other seedling species. Norway spruce pits were preferred to pits of other species by both birch and spruce seedlings. Black alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) J. Gaertn.] did not show a preference for pits of a certain species of uprooted tree. Both spruce and rowan preferred hardwood mounds over spruce mounds. Storm severity also affected species composition: birch predominantly occurred on pits and mounds in heavily disturbed areas, while spruce was more abundant in the moderately damaged areas. The effects of advance regeneration and surrounding stands on seedling microsite preferences should be considered in future research and subsequent management recommendations. C1 [Vodde, Floortje; Jogiste, Kalev; Gruson, Loic; Ilisson, Triin; Koester, Kajar] Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. [Vodde, Floortje] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ilisson, Triin] Lakehead Univ, Fac Forestry & Forest Environm, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada. [Stanturf, John A.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Disturbance Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Vodde, F (reprint author), Estonian Univ Life Sci, Inst Forestry & Rural Engn, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014 Tartu, Estonia. EM floorvodde@hotmail.com RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010; Koster, Kajar/C-8397-2012; Vodde, Floortje/E-9465-2017 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459; Koster, Kajar/0000-0003-1988-5788; Vodde, Floortje/0000-0003-1764-6193 NR 44 TC 16 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1341-6979 J9 J FOREST RES-JPN JI J. For. Res. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 15 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10310-009-0156-2 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 549IB UT WOS:000274040100008 ER PT J AU Allison, AB Goekjian, VH Potgieter, AC Wilson, WC Johnson, DJ Mertens, PPC Stallknecht, DE AF Allison, A. B. Goekjian, V. H. Potgieter, A. C. Wilson, W. C. Johnson, D. J. Mertens, P. P. C. Stallknecht, D. E. TI Detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) in the USA containing RNA segments derived from both exotic (EHDV-6) and endemic (EHDV-2) serotypes SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BLUETONGUE VIRUS; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; MIXED INFECTION; IBARAKI-VIRUS; PROTEIN; CATTLE; ORBIVIRUSES; TRAFFICKING; SEROGROUP AB Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a Culicoides-transmitted orbivirus that infects domestic and wild ruminants and is provisionally thought to be distributed throughout Africa, North America, Australia, East Asia and the Middle East. Historically, of the seven proposed serotypes of EHDV, only EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 have been reported from North America. In 2006, EHDV isolates were recovered from moribund or dead white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Indiana and Illinois that could not be identified as either EHDV-1 or EHDV-2 by virus neutralization tests or by serotype-specific RT-PCR. Additional serological and genetic testing identified the isolates as EHDV-6, a serotype that, although originally described from Australia, has recently been recognized as an emerging pathogen of cattle in Morocco, Algeria and Turkey. In 2007 and 2008, Ell was isolated again from white-tailed deer, this time in Missouri, Kansas and Texas, suggesting that the virus is capable of overwintering and that it may become, or already is, endemic in a geographically widespread region of the USA. Genetic characterization of the virus indicates that it is a reassortant, such that the outer capsid proteins determining serotype specificity (VP2 and VP5) are derived from exotic EHDV-6, whilst the remaining structural and non-structural proteins are apparently obtained from indigenous EHDV-2 (Alberta). C1 [Allison, A. B.; Goekjian, V. H.; Stallknecht, D. E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Potgieter, A. C.] Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Div Virol, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. [Wilson, W. C.] ARS, USDA, Arthropodborne Anim Dis Res Lab, Dept 3354, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Johnson, D. J.] USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Mertens, P. P. C.] Inst Anim Hlth, Dept Arbovirol, Pirbright Lab, Woking GU24 0NF, Surrey, England. [Stallknecht, D. E.] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Allison, AB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM allisona@uga.edu OI Mertens, Peter/0000-0002-3438-3738; Allison, Andrew B./0000-0003-0971-1215 FU Biological Resources Division, US Geological Survey, US Department of the Interior [06ERAG0005]; Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture [0596130032CA, 0696130032CA] FX Funds were provided through sponsorship from the fish and wildlife agencies of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia; through the Federal Aid to Wildlife Restoration Act (50 Stat. 917) and Grant Agreement 06ERAG0005, Biological Resources Division, US Geological Survey, US Department of the Interior; and through Cooperative Agreements 0596130032CA and 0696130032CA, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture. NR 42 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 11 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 BP 430 EP 439 DI 10.1099/vir.0.015651-0 PN 2 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 559FA UT WOS:000274806600014 PM 19828758 ER PT J AU Mercer, AM Teasley, SL Hopkinson, J McPherson, DM Simon, SD Hall, RT AF Mercer, Anne M. Teasley, Susan L. Hopkinson, Judy McPherson, Deanna M. Simon, Stephen D. Hall, Robert T. TI Evaluation of a Breastfeeding Assessment Score in a Diverse Population SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN LACTATION LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; assessment score; cessation ID LOW-INCOME WOMEN; EARLY CESSATION; DURATION; INITIATION; SUPPORT; LACTATION; RISK; INTENTION; MOTHERS; SYSTEM AB A previous study performed in a predominately suburban population developed a breastfeeding assessment score (BAS) that was designed to predict, prior to hospital discharge, those mothers who would discontinue breastfeeding within the first 10 days of age. The purpose of the present study was to assess the BAS in a more diverse population. Patients were solicited from 3 urban hospitals serving patients primarily supported by public funding. Results of the present study with 1182 mother-infant pairs confirmed that 5 variables scored on a 0-2 scale (maternal age, previous breastfeeding experience, latching difficulty, breastfeeding interval, number bottles) remained highly significant for predicting discontinuation of breastfeeding. The data also demonstrate that the BAS is inversely related to the risk of cessation of breastfeeding at 7 to 10 days of age. Those at an early risk of cessation of breastfeeding, identified by the BAS, may benefit from early identification and a lactation consultation. J Hum Lact. 26(1):42-48. C1 [Mercer, Anne M.; Hall, Robert T.] Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. [Hopkinson, Judy] Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Teasley, SL (reprint author), Childrens Mercy Hosp & Clin, Neonatal Intens Care Unit, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0890-3344 J9 J HUM LACT JI J. Hum. Lact. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1177/0890334409344077 PG 7 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 554JW UT WOS:000274432300010 PM 19759350 ER PT J AU Agam, N Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Norman, JM Colaizzi, PD Howell, TA Prueger, JH Meyers, TP Wilson, TB AF Agam, Nurit Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Norman, John M. Colaizzi, Paul D. Howell, Terry A. Prueger, John H. Meyers, Tilden P. Wilson, Tim B. TI Application of the Priestley-Taylor Approach in a Two-Source Surface Energy Balance Model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED WINTER-WHEAT; PARTIAL CANOPY COVER; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; HEAT-FLUX; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURES; AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; VEGETATION INDEXES; INCOMPLETE COVER; PENMAN-MONTEITH; SPARSE CROPS AB The Priestley-Taylor (PT) approximation for computing evapotranspiration was initially developed for conditions of a horizontally uniform saturated surface sufficiently extended to obviate any significant advection of energy. Nevertheless, the PT approach has been effectively implemented within the framework of a thermal-based two-source model (TSM) of the surface energy balance, yielding reasonable latent heat flux estimates over a range in vegetative cover and climate conditions. In the TSM, however, the PT approach is applied only to the canopy component of the latent heat flux, which may behave more conservatively than the bulk (soil 1 canopy) system. The objective of this research is to investigate the response of the canopy and bulk PT parameters to varying leaf area index (LAI) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in both natural and agricultural vegetated systems, to better understand the utility and limitations of this approximation within the context of the TSM. Micrometeorological flux measurements collected at multiple sites under a wide range of atmospheric conditions were used to implement an optimization scheme, assessing the value of the PT parameter for best performance of the TSM. Overall, the findings suggest that within the context of the TSM, the optimal canopy PT coefficient for agricultural crops appears to have a fairly conservative value of similar to 1.2 except when under very high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions, when its value increases. For natural vegetation (primarily grasslands), the optimal canopy PT coefficient assumed lower values on average (similar to 0.9) and dropped even further at high values of VPD. This analysis provides some insight as to why the PT approach, initially developed for regional estimates of potential evapotranspiration, can be used successfully in the TSM scheme to yield reliable heat flux estimates over a variety of land cover types. C1 [Agam, Nurit; Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Norman, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Colaizzi, Paul D.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Prueger, John H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Wilson, Tim B.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Agam, N (reprint author), Agr Res Org Israel, Gilat Res Ctr, IL-85280 Dn Negev, Israel. EM nurit.agam@gmail.com RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Wilson, Timothy/C-9863-2016; OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; Wilson, Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323; Agam, Nurit/0000-0002-8921-6179 FU BARD [FI-3712005]; United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund FX This research was supported by Vaadia-BARD Postdoctoral Fellowship Award FI-3712005 from BARD, the United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund. NR 69 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 BP 185 EP 198 DI 10.1175/2009JHM1124.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 566BN UT WOS:000275344800011 ER PT J AU Paul, M Somkuti, GA AF Paul, Moushumi Somkuti, George A. TI Hydrolytic breakdown of lactoferricin by lactic acid bacteria SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioactive peptide; Lactic acid bacteria; Lactoferricin; Lactoferrin; RP-HPLC ID ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; BOVINE LACTOFERRIN; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; MILK; DERIVATIVES; PROTEINASE; PEPTIDES AB Lactoferricin is a 25-amino acid antimicrobial peptide fragment that is liberated by pepsin digestion of lactoferrin present in bovine milk. Along with its antibacterial properties, lactoferricin has also been reported to have immunostimulatory, antiviral, and anticarcinogenic effects. These attributes provide lactoferricin and other natural bioactive peptides with the potential to be functional food ingredients that can be used by the food industry in a variety of applications. At present, commercial uses of these types of compounds are limited by the scarcity of information on their ability to survive food processing environments. We have monitored the degradation of lactoferricin during its incubation with two types of lactic acid bacteria used in the yogurt-making industry, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, with the aim of assessing the stability of this milk protein-derived peptide under simulated yogurt-making conditions. Analysis of the hydrolysis products isolated from these experiments indicates degradation of this peptide near neutral pH by lactic acid bacteria-associated peptidases, the extent of which was influenced by the bacterial strain used. However, the data also showed that compared to other milk-derived bioactive peptides that undergo complete degradation under these conditions, the 25-amino acid lactoferricin is apparently more resistant, with approximately 50% of the starting material remaining after 4 h of incubation. These findings imply that lactoferricin, as a natural milk protein-derived peptide, has potential applications in the commercial production of yogurt-like fermented dairy products as a multi-functional food ingredient. C1 [Paul, Moushumi; Somkuti, George A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM George.Somkuti@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 37 IS 2 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10295-009-0660-6 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 544UG UT WOS:000273684200007 PM 19924455 ER PT J AU Sgolastra, F Bosch, J Molowny-Horas, R Maini, S Kemp, WP AF Sgolastra, F. Bosch, J. Molowny-Horas, R. Maini, S. Kemp, W. P. TI Effect of temperature regime on diapause intensity in an adult-wintering Hymenopteran with obligate diapause SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Respiration rate; Metabolic rate; Over-wintering; Diapause development; Weight loss; Osmia lignaria; Hymenoptera: Megachilidae; Respiratory quotient ID OSMIA-LIGNARIA HYMENOPTERA; BEE MEGACHILE-ROTUNDATA; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; INSECT DIAPAUSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; LARVAL DIAPAUSE; POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT; METABOLIC RESERVES; PUPAL DIAPAUSE AB Osmia lignaria is a solitary bee that over-winters as a fully eclosed, cocooned, unfed adult. Our objective is to understand the effect of wintering temperature on diapause maintenance and termination in this species. We measure respiration rates and weight loss in individuals exposed to various wintering temperatures (0, 4,7, 22 degrees C, outdoors) and durations (28, 84,140,196, 252 days). We use time to emerge and respiration response (respiration rate measured at 22 degrees C) as indicators of diapause intensity. Adults spontaneously lower their respiration rates to similar to 0.1 ml/g h within 1 month after adult eclosion, indicating obligatory diapause. Non-wintered individuals maintain low respiration rates, but lose weight rapidly and die by mid-winter. In wintered adults, two phases can be distinguished. First, respiration response undergoes a rapid increase and then reaches a plateau. This phase is similar in bees wintered at 0, 4 and 7 degrees C. In the second phase, respiration response undergoes an exponential increase, which is more pronounced at the warmer temperatures. Composite exponential functions provide a good fit to the observed respiration patterns. Adults whose respiration response has reached 0.45 ml/g h emerge promptly when exposed to 20 degrees C, indicating diapause completion. Individuals wintered for short periods do not reach such respiration levels. When exposed to 20 degrees C these individuals lower their metabolic rate, and their emergence time is extended. The relationship between respiration rates and emergence time follows a negative exponential function. We propose two alternative models of diapause termination to interpret these results. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sgolastra, F.; Maini, S.] Univ Bologna, Area Entomol, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Bosch, J.; Molowny-Horas, R.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, Bellaterra, Spain. [Bosch, J.] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Kemp, W. P.] ARS, USDA, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND USA. RP Sgolastra, F (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Area Entomol, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Agroambientali, Viale G Fanin 42, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. EM fabio.sgolastra2@unibo.it RI Molowny-Horas, Roberto/D-1171-2014; OI Molowny-Horas, Roberto/0000-0003-2626-6379; Maini, Stefano/0000-0001-7272-1243; Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457; Sgolastra, Fabio/0000-0002-2845-8297 FU University of Bologna; Spanish program Consolider-Ingenio MONTES FX We are grateful to G. Trostle and S. Kalaskar (USDA-ARS, Logan) for their invaluable help in all phases of the study, and to J. Rinehart and K. Anderson (USDA-ARS, Fargo) for reviewing the manuscript. We very much appreciate the constructive and helpful comments of V. Kostal and an anonymous reviewer. This study was partially supported by a Ph.D. Scholarship from the University of Bologna to F.S. and the Spanish program Consolider-Ingenio MONTES to J. B. NR 54 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 56 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.10.001 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 561GS UT WOS:000274964600010 PM 19837077 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Morales-Ramos, JA Rojas, MG Tedders, WL AF Shapiro-Ilan, David I. Morales-Ramos, Juan A. Rojas, Maria G. Tedders, Walker L. TI Effects of a novel entomopathogenic nematode-infected host formulation on cadaver integrity, nematode yield, and suppression of Diaprepes abbreviatus and Aethina tumida SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Biological control; Cadavers; Diaprepes abbreviatus; Entomopathogenic nematode; Formulation; Heterorhabditis indica; Infected host ID AQUEOUS SUSPENSION; CURCULIONIDAE LARVAE; CONOTRACHELUS-PSIDII; WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; HETERORHABDITIDAE; EFFICACY; RHABDITIDA; STEINERNEMATIDAE; INFECTIVITY; LEPIDOPTERA AB An alternative approach to applying entomopathogenic nematodes entails the distribution of nematodes in their infected insect hosts. Protection of the infected host from rupturing, and improving ease of handling, may be necessary to facilitate application. In this study our objective was to test the potential of a new method of formulating the infected hosts, i.e., enclosing the infected host in masking tape. Tenebrio molitor L. cadavers infected with Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar and David or Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) were wrapped in tape using an automatic packaging machine; the machine was developed to reduce labor and to standardize the final product. The effects of the tape formulation on the ability to protect the cadavers from mechanical damage, nematode yield, and pest control efficacy were tested. After exposure to mechanical agitation at 7-d-post-infection, S. carpocapsae cadavers in tape were more resistant to rupture than cadavers without tape, yet H. indica cadavers 7-d-post-infection were not affected by mechanical agitation (with or without tape), nor was either nematode affected when 4-d-old cadavers were tested. Experiments indicated that infective juvenile yield was not affected by the tape formulation. Laboratory experiments were conducted measuring survival of the root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), or the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray, after the application of two H. indica-infected hosts with or without tape per 15 cm pot (filled with soil). A greenhouse experiment was also conducted in a similar manner measuring survival of D. abbreviatus. In all experiments, both the tape and no-tape treatments caused significant reductions in insect survival relative to the control, and no differences were detected between the nematode treatments. Fifteen days post-application, the infected host treatments caused up to 78% control in A. tumida, 91% control in D. abbreviatus in the lab, and 75% in the greenhouse. These results indicate potential for using the tape-formulation approach for applying nematode infected hosts. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shapiro-Ilan, David I.] USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Morales-Ramos, Juan A.; Rojas, Maria G.] USDA ARS, NBCL, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. [Tedders, Walker L.] SE Insectaries Inc, Perry, GA USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM David.Shapiro@ars.usda.gov OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 FU USDA-SBIR FX We thank H. Bartels, W. Evans, K. Owusu, and W.L. Quick for technical assistance, and the USDA-SBIR program for funding a portion of this research (Proposal No. 2007-03695). NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 103 IS 2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2009.11.006 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 548MO UT WOS:000273967600004 PM 19932701 ER PT J AU Lemons, PR Sedinger, JS Herzog, MP Gipson, PS Gilliland, RL AF Lemons, Patrick R. Sedinger, James S. Herzog, Mark P. Gipson, Phillip S. Gilliland, Rick L. TI Landscape effects on diets of two canids in northwestern Texas: a multinomial modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Cants latrans; capture-mark-recapture; coyotes; diets; multinomial data; multiple responses; pellet analysis; scat analysis; stomach analysis; vulpes velox ID MULTIPLE COLUMN RESPONSES; FOXES VULPES-VELOX; SWIFT FOXES; WESTERN KANSAS; CONTINGENCY-TABLES; CATEGORY CHOICES; KIT FOXES; CARNIVORE; OVERLAP; COYOTES AB Analyses of feces. stomach contents, and regurgitated pellets are common techniques lor assessing diets of vertebrates and typically contain more than I Food item per sampling unit. When analyzed, these individual food items have traditionally been treated its independent, which represents pseudoreplication. When food types are recorded as present or absent, these samples can be treated as multinomial vectors of food items, with each vector representing I realization of a possible diet We Suggest Such data have it similar structure to capture histories For closed-capture, capture-mark-recapture data To assess the effects of landscapes and presence of it potential competitor. we used closed-capture Models implemented in program MARK into analyze diet data generated from feces of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and coyotes (Cams latrans) in northwestern Texas. The best models of diet contained season and location for both swill foxes and coyotes, but year accounted for less variation, suggesting that landscape type is an Important predictor of diets of both species Models containing the effect of coyote reduction were not competitive (Delta QAIC(c)= 53.6685), consistent with the hypothesis that presence of'coyotes did not influence diet of swift Foxes Our findings suggest that landscape type may have important influences oil diets of both species We believe that multinomial models represent in effective approach to assess hypotheses when diet Studies have adata Structure similar 10 Ours. DOI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-291R1.1 C1 [Gipson, Phillip S.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, US Geol Survey, Kansas Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gilliland, Rick L.] W Texas A&M Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Lemons, Patrick R.; Sedinger, James S.; Herzog, Mark P.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Lemons, PR (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4210 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2372 EI 1545-1542 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD FEB PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-291R1.1 PG 13 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 560UR UT WOS:000274929300008 ER PT J AU Flaherty, EA Ben-David, M Smith, WP AF Flaherty, Elizabeth A. Ben-David, Merav Smith, Winston P. TI Diet and food availability: implications for foraging and dispersal of Prince of Wales northern flying squirrels across managed landscapes SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE clear-cuts; fecal analyses; fungi; old-growth forests; soil macroinvertebrates; Southeast Alaska; stable isotope analysis; truffles ID STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSIS; TEMPERATE RAIN-FOREST; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; GLAUCOMYS-SABRINUS; NUTRITIONAL-VALUE; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; SIERRA-NEVADA; SMALL MAMMALS; OLD-GROWTH AB Where dispersal is energetically expensive, feeding and food avalability call influence dispersal success. The endemic Prince of Wales northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus grisetfrons) Inhabits a landscape mosaic of old-growth, 2nd-growth, and clear-cut stands, With the latter 2 representino energetically expensive habitats. We estimated the diet of flying squirrels using stable isotope and fecal analyses. determined whether food availability vanes among forest stands, and assessed the likelihood OF foraging across a managed landscape given the distribution of foods On Prince of Wales island (POW), Alaska. Both stable isotope and Fecal analyses C revealed that coriffer seeds, lichens, and fungi were the man dietary items consumed and assimilated by flying squirrels. Similarly, soil macroinvertebrates were consumed by squirrels, whereas berries were not Nonetheless, although examination of stable isotope data suggested that squirrels assimilated few nutrients from truffles, this food source was among the most frequent diet items in feces, probably because flying squrrels assimulate elements other than nitrogen from fungi. Our surveys showed that conifer seeds, truffles, and lichens were more prevalent in old-growth than 2nd-growth and clear-cut habitats. Thus, our results indicate that diet and availability of food items on POW may influence foraging success and dispersal movements of G sabrinus across fragmented landscapes because of limited availability of food resources in the managed habitats. DOI .10.1644/09-MAMM-A-014R1 C1 [Flaherty, Elizabeth A.; Ben-David, Merav] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Dept 3166, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Smith, Winston P.] US Forest Serv, USDA,