FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Vougogiannopoulou, K Fokialakis, N Aligiannis, N Cantrell, C Skaltsounis, AL AF Vougogiannopoulou, Konstantina Fokialakis, Nikolas Aligiannis, Nektarios Cantrell, Charles Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros TI The Raputindoles: Novel Cyclopentyl Bisindole Alkaloids from Raputia simulans SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDOLE-DERIVATIVES AB A novel class of bisindole alkaloids is established by the isolation and structural determination of raputindoles A-D (1-4) from the Amazonian plant Raputia simulans Kallunki (Rutaceae). Complete spectroscopic characterization was accomplished by means of NMR spectroscopy and APCI (+) HRMS. Raputindoles A-D possess a cyclopentyl moiety fused on the benzene part of the indole ring, originating from the combination of prenylated indole monomers. C1 [Vougogiannopoulou, Konstantina; Fokialakis, Nikolas; Aligiannis, Nektarios; Skaltsounis, Alexios-Leandros] Univ Athens, Div Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, Sch Pharm, Athens, Greece. [Cantrell, Charles] Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Skaltsounis, AL (reprint author), Univ Athens, Div Pharmacognosy & Nat Prod Chem, Sch Pharm, Athens, Greece. EM skaltsounis@pharm.uoa.gr OI Vougogiannopoulou, Konstantina/0000-0001-9794-9914 NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2010 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1908 EP 1911 DI 10.1021/ol100584w PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 590GI UT WOS:000277212800005 PM 20394392 ER PT J AU Halterman, DA Chen, Y Sopee, J Berduo-Sandoval, J Sanchez-Perez, A AF Halterman, Dennis A. Chen, Yu Sopee, Jiraphan Berduo-Sandoval, Julio Sanchez-Perez, Amilcar TI Competition between Phytophthora infestans Effectors Leads to Increased Aggressiveness on Plants Containing Broad-Spectrum Late Blight Resistance SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE; FLAX RUST; CELL-DEATH; IPIO GENE; R-GENE; POTATO; AVIRULENCE; SOLANUM; PROTEIN; TOMATO AB Background: The destructive plant disease potato late blight is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. This disease has remained particularly problematic despite intensive breeding efforts to integrate resistance into cultivated potato, largely because of the pathogen's ability to quickly evolve to overcome major resistance genes. The RB gene, identified in the wild potato species S. bulbocastanum, encodes a protein that confers broad-spectrum resistance to most P. infestans isolates through its recognition of highly conserved members of the corresponding pathogen effector family IPI-O. IpiO is a multigene family of effectors and while the majority of IPI-O proteins are recognized by RB to elicit host resistance, some variants exist that are able to elude detection (e. g. IPI-O4). Methods and Findings: In the present study, analysis of ipiO variants among 40 different P. infestans isolates collected from Guatemala, Thailand, and the United States revealed a high degree of complexity within this gene family. Isolate aggressiveness was correlated with increased ipiO diversity and especially the presence of the ipiO4 variant. Furthermore, isolates expressing IPI-O4 overcame RB-mediated resistance in transgenic potato plants even when the resistance-eliciting IPI-O1 variant was present. In support of this finding, we observed that expression of IPI-O4 via Agrobacterium blocked recognition of IPI-O1, leading to inactivation of RB-mediated programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Conclusions: In this study we definitively demonstrate and provide the first evidence that P. infestans can defeat an R protein through inhibition of recognition of the corresponding effector protein. C1 [Halterman, Dennis A.; Chen, Yu] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Halterman, Dennis A.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI USA. [Sopee, Jiraphan] Kasetsart Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Bangkok, Thailand. [Berduo-Sandoval, Julio; Sanchez-Perez, Amilcar] Univ San Carlos, Fac Agron, San Carlos, Guatemala. RP Halterman, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dennis.halterman@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service; Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of San Carlos; Kasetsart University FX Research funding was primarily provided by base funds from the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service. Salary support for Yu Chen was provided by the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Salary support for Julio Berduo and Amilcar Sanchez-Perez was provided by the University of San Carlos. Salary support for Jiraphan Sopee was provided by Kasetsart University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAY 7 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 5 AR e10536 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010536 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 593OI UT WOS:000277467800018 PM 20479869 ER PT J AU Noh, SM Zhuang, Y Futse, JE Brown, WC Brayton, KA Palmer, GH AF Noh, Susan M. Zhuang, Yan Futse, James E. Brown, Wendy C. Brayton, Kelly A. Palmer, Guy H. TI The immunization-induced antibody response to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 and its association with protective immunity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma marginale; Antibody; Outer membrane proteins ID NATURALLY ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; SEGMENTAL GENE CONVERSION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; VARIANT ANTIGENS; T-LYMPHOCYTE; EXPRESSION; MALARIA; RICKETTSEMIA AB Many vector-borne pathogens evade clearance via rapid variation in their immunogenic surface expressed proteins. This is exemplified by Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen that generates major surface protein 2 (Msp2) variants to provide for immune escape and allow long-term pathogen persistence. In contrast to persistence following infection, immunization with a surface protein complex, which includes Msp2, induces a response that prevents infection upon challenge. We hypothesized that the immune response induced by immunization altered the anti-Msp2 antibody repertoire as compared to that induced during infection, shifting the immune response toward conserved and thus broadly protective epitopes. The antibody response to the conserved (CR) and hypervariable (HVR) regions encoded by the full set of msp2 variant alleles was determined for immunized animals prior to challenge and non-immunized, infected animals. While both groups of animals had a similar antibody repertoire in terms of breath and magnitude, the titers to the Msp2 CR were strongly correlated (p < 0.005) with control of bacteremia only in the infected animals. Among the immunized animals, there was no correlation between the breadth or magnitude of the anti-Msp2 antibody response and either complete protection from infection or control of bacteremia. This is consistent with separate immunologic mechanisms being responsible for control of bacteremia in infected animals as compared to immunized animals and suggests that conserved outer membrane proteins other than Msp2 are responsible for the complete clearance observed following challenge of vaccinees. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Noh, Susan M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Noh, Susan M.; Zhuang, Yan; Futse, James E.; Brown, Wendy C.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Noh, Susan M.; Zhuang, Yan; Futse, James E.; Brown, Wendy C.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Palmer, Guy H.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Noh, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Coll Vet Med, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM snoh@vetmed.wsu.edu FU NIH [R01 AI94005]; USDA ARSCRIS [5348-32000-027-00D]; USDA-ARS [58-5348-3-0212]; Wellcome Trust [GR075800M] FX This research was supported by NIH R01 AI94005, USDA ARSCRIS 5348-32000-027-00D, and USDA-ARS cooperative agreement 58-5348-3-0212.; The research reported in this manuscript was supported by the Wellcome Trust (GR075800M). NR 25 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 7 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 21 BP 3741 EP 3747 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.067 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 602HC UT WOS:000278128800016 PM 20199762 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Hausman, GJ Rekaya, R Lents, CA Lkhagvadorj, S Qu, L Cai, W Couture, OP Anderson, LL Dekkers, JCM Tuggle, CK AF Barb, C. Richard Hausman, Gary J. Rekaya, Romdhane Lents, Clay A. Lkhagvadorj, Sender Qu, L. Cai, W. Couture, Oliver P. Anderson, Lloyd L. Dekkers, Jack C. M. Tuggle, Christopher K. TI Gene expression in hypothalamus, liver, and adipose tissues and food intake response to melanocortin-4 receptor agonist in pigs expressing melanocortin-4 receptor mutations SO PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE melanocyte-stimulating hormone; microarray; hypothalamus; MC4R ID ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS; MESSENGER-RNAS; MORBID-OBESITY; DOMESTIC PIGS; MC4 RECEPTOR; RAT-TISSUES; SYSTEM; NEURONS; GROWTH; MICE AB Barb CR, Hausman GJ, Rekaya R, Lents CA, Lkhagvadorj S, Qu L, Cai W, Couture OP, Anderson LL, Dekkers JC, Tuggle CK. Gene expression in hypothalamus, liver, and adipose tissues and food intake response to melanocortin-4 receptor agonist in pigs expressing melanocortin-4 receptor mutations. Physiol Genomics 41: 254-268, 2010. First published March 9, 2010; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00006.2010. Transcriptional profiling was used to identify genes and pathways that responded to intracerebroventricular injection of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist [Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]-alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH) in pigs homozygous for the missense mutation in the MC4R, D298 allele (n = 12), N298 allele (n = 12), or heterozygous (n = 12). Food intake (FI) was measured at 12 and 24 h after treatment. All pigs were killed at 24 h after treatment, and hypothalamus, liver, and back-fat tissue was collected. NDP-MSH suppressed (P < 0.004) FI at 12 and 24 h in all animals after treatment. In response to NDP-MSH, 278 genes in hypothalamus (q <= 0.07, P <= 0.001), 249 genes in liver (q <= 0.07, P <= 0.001), and 5,066 genes in fat (q <= 0.07, P <= 0.015) were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis of NDP-MSH-induced differentially expressed genes indicated that genes involved in cell communication, nucleotide metabolism, and signal transduction were prominently downregulated in the hypothalamus. In both liver and adipose tissue, energy-intensive biosynthetic and catabolic processes were downregulated in response to NDP-MSH. This included genes encoding for biosynthetic pathways such as steroid and lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and amino acid synthesis. Genes involved in direct energy-generating processes, such as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport, and ATP synthesis, were upregulated, whereas TCA-associated genes were prominently downregulated in NDP-MSH-treated pigs. Our data also indicate a metabolic switch toward energy conservation since genes involved in energy-intensive biosynthetic and catabolic processes were downregulated in NDP-MSH-treated pigs. C1 [Barb, C. Richard] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Rekaya, Romdhane; Lents, Clay A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lkhagvadorj, Sender; Qu, L.; Cai, W.; Couture, Oliver P.; Anderson, Lloyd L.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. [Lkhagvadorj, Sender; Anderson, Lloyd L.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Neurosci Program, Ames, IA USA. [Qu, L.; Cai, W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA USA. [Couture, Oliver P.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Tuggle, Christopher K.] Iowa State Univ, Interdepartmental Bioinformat & Computat Biol Pro, Ames, IA USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Richard.barb@ars.usda.gov RI Qu, Long/I-8528-2012; Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU United States Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative [USDA-NRI-2005-3560415618]; Georgia Agriculture Experiment Station FX This research was supported by United States Department of Agriculture, National Research Initiative Grant USDA-NRI-2005-3560415618 and state and hatch funds allocated to the Georgia Agriculture Experiment Station. NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1094-8341 J9 PHYSIOL GENOMICS JI Physiol. Genomics PD MAY 4 PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 254 EP 268 DI 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00006.2010 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity; Physiology GA 591OL UT WOS:000277310500006 PM 20215418 ER PT J AU Le, BH Cheng, C Bui, AQ Wagmaister, JA Henry, KF Pelletier, J Kwong, L Belmonte, M Kirkbride, R Horvath, S Drews, GN Fischer, RL Okamuro, JK Harada, JJ Goldberg, RB AF Le, Brandon H. Cheng, Chen Bui, Anhthu Q. Wagmaister, Javier A. Henry, Kelli F. Pelletier, Julie Kwong, Linda Belmonte, Mark Kirkbride, Ryan Horvath, Steve Drews, Gary N. Fischer, Robert L. Okamuro, Jack K. Harada, John J. Goldberg, Robert B. TI Global analysis of gene activity during Arabidopsis seed development and identification of seed-specific transcription factors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE embryo; transcriptome; mRNA localization ID ACTIVATE TRANSCRIPTION; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; PLANT EMBRYOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; THALIANA; EMBRYO; MATURATION; PROMOTER; ATLAS AB Most of the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for controlling seed development are not yet known. To identify TF genes expressed at specific stages of seed development, including those unique to seeds, we used Affymetrix GeneChips to profile Arabidopsis genes active in seeds from fertilization through maturation and at other times of the plant life cycle. Seed gene sets were compared with those expressed in prefertilization ovules, germinating seedlings, and leaves, roots, stems, and floral buds of the mature plant. Most genes active in seeds are shared by all stages of seed development, although significant quantitative changes in gene activity occur. Each stage of seed development has a small gene set that is either specific at the level of the GeneChip or up-regulated with respect to genes active at other stages, including those that encode TFs. We identified 289 seed-specific genes, including 48 that encode TFs. Seven of the seed-specific TF genes are known regulators of seed development and include the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) genes LEC1, LEC1-LIKE, LEC2, and FUS3. The rest represent different classes of TFs with unknown roles in seed development. Promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion experiments and seed mRNA localization GeneChip datasets showed that the seed-specific TF genes are active in different compartments and tissues of the seed at unique times of development. Collectively, these seed-specific TF genes should facilitate the identification of regulatory networks that are important for programming seed development. C1 [Le, Brandon H.; Cheng, Chen; Bui, Anhthu Q.; Wagmaister, Javier A.; Henry, Kelli F.; Goldberg, Robert B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Horvath, Steve] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Pelletier, Julie; Kwong, Linda; Belmonte, Mark; Kirkbride, Ryan; Harada, John J.] Univ Calif Davis, Div Biol Sci, Plant Biol Sect, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Drews, Gary N.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fischer, Robert L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Okamuro, Jack K.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Goldberg, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bobg@ucla.edu OI Kirkbride, Ryan/0000-0001-9523-259X FU National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program and Ceres; US Public Health Service National Research Service [GM07104]; National Institutes of Health [T32HG002536] FX We thank Weimin Deng for maintaining our Arabidopsis plants, Zixing Fang for assistance with the dChip analysis, and Zugen Chen for outstanding advice and help with the GeneChip hybridizations. This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Program and Ceres (to R. B. G. and J.J.H.), US Public Health Service National Research Service Award GM07104 (K. F. H.), and National Institutes of Health Training Grant in Genomic Analysis and Interpretation T32HG002536 (B. H. L.). NR 31 TC 215 Z9 223 U1 8 U2 77 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 4 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 18 BP 8063 EP 8070 DI 10.1073/pnas.1003530107 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 591OK UT WOS:000277310400007 PM 20385809 ER PT J AU Lee, WJ Pollin, TI O'Connell, JR Agarwala, R Schaffer, AA AF Lee, Woei-Jyh Pollin, Toni I. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Agarwala, Richa Schaffer, Alejandro A. TI PedHunter 2.0 and its usage to characterize the founder structure of the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County SO BMC MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN ANABAPTIST GENEALOGY; GENOME-WIDE SCAN; LIFE-SPAN; COMMON VARIANTS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; GENE; CHROMOSOME; LINKAGE; REGION; LOCUS AB Background: Because they are a closed founder population, the Old Order Amish (OOA) of Lancaster County have been the subject of many medical genetics studies. We constructed four versions of Anabaptist Genealogy Database (AGDB) using three sources of genealogies and multiple updates. In addition, we developed PedHunter, a suite of query software that can solve pedigree-related problems automatically and systematically. Methods: We report on how we have used new features in PedHunter to quantify the number and expected genetic contribution of founders to the OOA. The queries and utility of PedHunter programs are illustrated by examples using AGDB in this paper. For example, we calculated the number of founders expected to be contributing genetic material to the present-day living OOA and estimated the mean relative founder representation for each founder. New features in PedHunter also include pedigree trimming and pedigree renumbering, which should prove useful for studying large pedigrees. Results: With PedHunter version 2.0 querying AGDB version 4.0, we identified 34,160 presumed living OOA individuals and connected them into a 14-generation pedigree descending from 554 founders (332 females and 222 males) after trimming. From the analysis of cumulative mean relative founder representation, 128 founders (78 females and 50 males) accounted for over 95% of the mean relative founder contribution among living OOA descendants. Discussion/Conclusions: The OOA are a closed founder population in which a modest number of founders account for the genetic variation present in the current OOA population. Improvements to the PedHunter software will be useful in future studies of both the OOA and other populations with large and computerized genealogies. C1 [Lee, Woei-Jyh; Agarwala, Richa; Schaffer, Alejandro A.] Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Pollin, Toni I.; O'Connell, Jeffrey R.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [O'Connell, Jeffrey R.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schaffer, AA (reprint author), Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM schaffer@helix.nih.gov RI Schaffer, Alejandro/F-2902-2012 FU NIH, NLM FX This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NLM. NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2350 J9 BMC MED GENET JI BMC Med. Genet. PD MAY 2 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 68 DI 10.1186/1471-2350-11-68 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 605YJ UT WOS:000278385000001 PM 20433770 ER PT J AU Ranger, CM Reding, ME Persad, AB Herms, DA AF Ranger, Christopher M. Reding, Michael E. Persad, Anand B. Herms, Daniel A. TI Ability of stress-related volatiles to attract and induce attacks by Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ambrosia beetles; attractants; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae; trap tree ID PLUM CURCULIO COLEOPTERA; BAITED TRAP TREES; AGGREGATION PHEROMONES; METHANOL EMISSION; HOST-SELECTION; BARK BEETLES; SCOLYTIDAE; ETHANOL; ANTIAGGREGATION; ACETALDEHYDE AB Xylosandrus germanus typically colonizes physiologically-stressed deciduous hosts but it is increasingly being recognized as a key pest of ornamental nursery stock. We tested the attractiveness of common plant stress-related volatiles to ambrosia beetles occupying the nursery agroecosystem, as well as their ability to induce attacks on selected trees. Experiments were conducted in Ohio, U.S.A. Stress volatile attractiveness was first assessed by positioning traps baited with acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol and methanol in ornamental nurseries. Cumulative trap counts confirmed that ethanol was the most attractive stress-related volatile to X. germanus. Methanol-baited traps were slightly attractive to X. germanus, whereas traps baited with acetaldehyde and acetone were not attractive to any ambrosia beetle. A series of tree injection experiments were also conducted to determine the ability of these volatiles to induce attacks by ambrosia beetles under field conditions. Injection of ethanol into Magnolia virginiana induced the largest number of attacks, whereas injection of acetaldehyde induced more attacks than methanol or acetone. Xylosandrus germanus was the most predominant species emerging from M. virginiana injected with each of the stress-related volatiles. No attacks by wood-boring beetles were observed on water injected or uninjected control trees. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the emission of acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol and methanol after their injection into M. virginiana. Xylosandrus germanus has an efficient olfactory-based mechanism for differentiating among host volatile cues. Injecting select trees with stress-related volatiles, particularly ethanol, shows promise as a trap tree strategy for X. germanus and other ambrosia beetles. C1 [Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.] USDA ARS, Hort Insects Res Grp, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Persad, Anand B.] Davey Tree Inst, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [Herms, Daniel A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Ranger, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Insects Res Grp, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM christopher.ranger@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX We thank James Moyseenko (USDA-ARS), Gerald Hammel (USDA-ARS), Betsy Anderson (USDA-ARS) and Bryant Chambers (Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University) for technical assistance. We also thank Jean-Claude Gregoire (Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium) and Tracey Leskey (USDA-ARS, Kearneysville, West Virginia). This research was supported in part by funding from the USDA Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative. Mention of proprietary products or companies does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, The Ohio State University, or the Davey Tree Institute. NR 46 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00469.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 579VU UT WOS:000276405400007 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Hanula, JL AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Hanula, James L. TI Patterns of saproxylic beetle succession in loblolly pine SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arthropods; biodiversity; coarse woody debris; coleoptera; conservation; forest management; species turnover ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COLEOPTERA-SCOLYTIDAE; CONSERVATION; MANIPULATIONS; CURCULIONIDAE; ASSEMBLAGES; ARTHROPODS; HABITAT; SPRUCE; FOREST AB Patterns of insect succession in dead wood remain unclear, particularly beyond the first several years of decay. In the present study, saproxylic beetles were sampled from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) logs aged between 1 month and 9 years old using both emergence traps attached to logs in the field and rearing bags in the laboratory. Species richness peaked within the first year as a result of a diverse assemblage of bark beetles, wood-borers and predators associated with young logs. After the phloem phase, there were no significant differences in species richness among decay classes. Beetle communities differed significantly among decay classes, with 25 and seven species being significantly associated with young and old logs, respectively. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.; Hanula, James L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com FU Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River [DE-AI09-00SR22188] FX We thank Chris Crowe, David White and Mike Cody for felling trees in 1997; Scott Horn and Mike Cody for felling trees in 2005; Danny Dyer and Mike Cody for assembling emergence traps used for on-location sampling; Scott Horn, Mike Cody and Jared Swain for helping install traps and for assistance with collecting samples for on-location sampling; and Scott Horn and Mike Cody for assistance with collecting and transporting wood samples for off-location sampling. We also thank Bob Rabaglia, Chris Carlton and Alexey Tishechkin for identifying scolytines, pselaphines and histerids, respectively, and Cecil Smith for assistance during visits to the Georgia Museum of Natural History. Finally, we thank five anonymous reviewers for suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Support was provided by the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office through the U.S. Forest Service Savannah River under Interagency Agreement DE-AI09-00SR22188. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-9555 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00467.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 579VU UT WOS:000276405400008 ER PT J AU Shouse, PJ Goldberg, S Skaggs, TH Soppe, RWO Ayars, JE AF Shouse, P. J. Goldberg, S. Skaggs, T. H. Soppe, R. W. O. Ayars, J. E. TI Changes in spatial and temporal variability of SAR affected by shallow groundwater management of an irrigated field, California SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Drainage control; Shallow groundwater management; Sodium ID JOAQUIN VALLEY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL PERMEABILITY; SALINITY; BORON; SELENIUM; YIELD; GROWTH; COTTON; WATER AB In the irrigated western U.S. disposal of drainage water has become a significant economic and environmental liability. Development of irrigation water management practices that reduce drainage water volumes is essential. One strategy combines restricted drainage outflow (by plugging the drains) with deficit irrigation to maximize shallow groundwater consumption by crops, thus reducing drainage that needs disposal. This approach is not without potential pitfalls: upward movement of groundwater in response to crop water uptake may increase salt and sodium concentrations in the root zone. The purposes for this study were: to observe changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) and salt in a field managed to minimize drainage discharge; to determine if in situ drainage reduction strategy affects SAR distribution in the soil profile; and to identify soil or management factors that can help explain field wide variability. We measured SAR, soil salinity (EC(1:1)) and soil texture over 3 years in a 60-ha irrigated field on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, California. At the time we started our measurements, the field was beginning to be managed according to a shallow groundwater/drainage reduction strategy. Soil salinity and SAR were found to be highly correlated in the field. The observed spatial and temporal variability in SAR was largely a product of soil textural variations within the field and their associated variations in apparent leaching fraction. During the 3-year study period, the percentage of the field in which the lower profile (90-180 cm) depth averaged SAR was above 10, increased from 20 to 40%, Since salinity was increasing concomitantly with SAR, and because the soil contained gypsum, sodium hazard was not expected to become a limiting factor for long tern) shallow groundwater management by drain control. It is anticipated that the technology will be viable for future seasons. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shouse, P. J.; Goldberg, S.; Skaggs, T. H.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Ayars, J. E.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Soppe, R. W. O.] CSIRO Land & Water, Griffith, NSW 2680, Australia. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM todd.skaggs@ars.usda.gov RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 FU California Department of Water Resources FX The authors would like to thank David Cone, Frank Dale, David Dettinger, JoAn Fargerlund, Jack Jobes, Renae Munoz, Tom Pflaum, and Richard Schoneman for technical and analytical support, and the California Department of Water Resources for financial Support of this project. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 97 IS 5 BP 673 EP 680 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.12.008 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 571OQ UT WOS:000275764000012 ER PT J AU Taguas, E Yuan, YP Pena, A Ayuso, JL AF Taguas, Encarnacion Yuan, Yongping Pena, Adolfo Luis Ayuso, J. TI PREDICTION OF EPHEMERAL GULLIES BY USING THE COMBINED TOPOGRAPHICAL INDEX IN A MICRO-CATCHMENT OF OLIVE GROVES IN ANDALUCIA, SPAIN SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE ephemeral gully; compound topographic index (CTI); olive; micro-catchment; soil properties ID CONCENTRATED FLOW EROSION; SOIL-MANAGEMENT; SOUTHERN SPAIN; MODEL; LOCATION; RUNOFF; EGEM AB Most studies of erosion in olive groves to examine the effect of sheet and rill erosion have been conducted at plot scale. However, work done on other land uses and at minor scales in the Mediterranean area have justified that the loss of soil resulting from concentrated flow can be decisive in the total balance. The compound topographic index (CTI) is a parameter to locate and describe the initiation of ephemeral gullies for a type of soil, use and management that could complement information from other indices, such as the universal equation of soil loss from sheet and rill erosion. The CTI was applied in an olive micro-catchment under minimum tillage with spontaneous cover, located in the western central area of Andalucia (Spain). After the digitization of ephemeral gullies on a high-resolution orthophoto, the degree of success of each of the observed and predicted pixels was compared to one another and values between 3 and 5 were estimated as the characteristic thresholds for the resolutions of 1.5 m and 3.0 m. These critical values are useful for the localization of gullies in other catchments, regardless of the scale, where the rainfall pattern is comparable, as well as the type of soil (Cambisol) and management (no-till with spontaneous grass cover in spring). Despite the suitability of the index to locate most of the gullies, different mechanisms of gully development were identified in field over the worst-represented gullies. Despite the low values of the drainage areas at the headwaters of them, their presence is explained by the role of the surface calcium material and high saturated hydraulic conductivity values, favoring the accumulation of flow and reducing the resistance of soil to the removal of sediments. C1 [Taguas, Encarnacion; Pena, Adolfo; Luis Ayuso, J.] Univ Cordoba, Dept Ingn Rural, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Yuan, Yongping] USDA ARS NSL, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Taguas, E (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Dept Ingn Rural, Campus Rabanales,Edificio Leonardo Da Vinci, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM evtaguas@uco.es NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 409 EP 426 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 618CS UT WOS:000279329600002 ER PT J AU Iracheta-Cardenas, MM Almeyda-Leon, IH Cevik, B Niblett, CL Lee, RF Rocha-Pena, MA AF Iracheta-Cardenas, Maria M. Almeyda-Leon, Isidro H. Cevik, Bayarm Niblett, Charles L. Lee, Richard F. Rocha-Pena, Mario A. TI SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR TOOLS FOR STRAIN DISCRIMINATION OF Citrus tristeza virus ISOLATES FROM NUEVO LEON, MEXICO SO AGROCIENCIA LA English DT Article DE bi-directional PCR; DIBA; hybridization; MCA 13 monoclonal antibody ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; COAT PROTEIN GENE; TOXOPTERA-CITRICIDA; DIFFERENTIATION; ESTABLISHMENT; TRANSMISSION; AMERICA AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is an important issue to the Mexican citrus industry. CTV infected plants have been reported in 20 citrus producing states of the country as symptomless virus infections, even on plants grafted on the sensitive sour orange rootstock. The detection of severe CTV isolates is mandatory to reinforce the operation of the CTV campaign nationwide. In this study, 13 CTV isolates from Nuevo Leon and one from Tamaulipas states were characterized for activity against the strain discriminatory MCA13 monoclonal antibody, bi-directional (BD) PCR, and hybridization with specific DNA probes, with RT-PCR amplicons, of the p25 coat protein gene. Ten out of 13 CTV isolates from Nuevo Leon and the Tamaulipas isolate gave a positive reaction to the MCA13 monoclonal antibody. BD-PCR tests yielded a cDNA fragment of 300 bp characteristic of decline-inducing CTV strains with eight of 13 isolates from Nuevo Leon and the Tamaulipas isolate. Hybridization with strain group specific DNA probes showed reactivity of eight CTV isolates with Probe II associated with decline inducing CTV strains, and three CTV isolates with Probe VII, associated to mild CTV strains. As a conclusion, it was shown the usefulness of the MCA13 monoclonal antibodies, BD-PCR and the hybridization with strain group specific DNA probes (SGSP) for the discrimination of CTV isolates, and the discovering of severe CTV isolates in the state of Nuevo Leon. Both BD-PCR and hybridization with SGSP were more suitable for strain discrimination of CTV isolates, than the MCA13 monoclonal antibody. BD-PCR was able to detect mixtures of both mild and decline inducing CTV isolates in the sample; hybridization with SGSP was suitable for detecting either mild, decline inducing and stem pitting CTV isolates. C1 [Almeyda-Leon, Isidro H.; Rocha-Pena, Mario A.] INIFAP UANL, Unidad Invest Biol Celular & Mol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Iracheta-Cardenas, Maria M.] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Inst Biotecnol, San Nicolas De Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Cevik, Bayarm] Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Plant Protect, Fac Agr, TR-32260 Isparta, Turkey. [Niblett, Charles L.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Lee, Richard F.] USDA ARS, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Rocha-Pena, MA (reprint author), INIFAP UANL, Unidad Invest Biol Celular & Mol, Apartado Postal 128-F,Cd Univ, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. EM mrocha@fcb.uanl.mx FU Fundacion Produce Nuevo Leon, Mexico [1322]; CONACYT-SIREYES, Mexico [032/95]; USDA/University of Florida; Binational Agricultural Research and Development with Israel (BARD) FX This research had support by Fundacion Produce Nuevo Leon, A. C. grant No. 1322, CONACYT-SIREYES Project No. 032/95, both Institutions from Mexico, and by the USDA/University of Florida Specific Cooperative Research Agreement and the Binational Agricultural Research and Development with Israel (BARD). Journal Series Number INIFAP/CIRNE/A-447. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU COLEGIO DE POSTGRADUADOS PI TEXCOCO PA PO BOX 199, TEXCOCO 56190, MEXICO SN 1405-3195 J9 AGROCIENCIA-MEXICO JI Agrociencia PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 44 IS 4 BP 449 EP 460 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 618CS UT WOS:000279329600005 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM Neel, JPS Belesky, DP AF Feldhake, C. M. Neel, J. P. S. Belesky, D. P. TI Establishment and production from thinned mature deciduous-forest silvopastures in Appalachia SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE C(3) forage; PAR; Rotational grazing; Woodlot AB Small Appalachian hill farms may benefit economically by expanding grazing lands into some of their under-utilized forested acreages. Our objective was to study the forage production potential of forest to silvopasture conversion. We thinned a white oak dominated mature second growth forested area establishing two orchardgrass-perennial ryegrass-white clover silvopasture replications for comparison with two nearby open pasture replications. After thinning trees, silvopastures were limed, fertilized and seeded. Sheep were fed hay and corn scattered across the area to facilitate removal of residual understory vegetation, disruption of litter layer and incorporation of applied materials into surface soil. Each area was divided into multiple paddocks and rotationally grazed by sheep. Two 1 m(2) herbage mass samples were taken from each paddock prior to animal grazing. There was no significant difference in soil moisture between silvopastures and open pastures however, there was adequate rainfall to prevent drought all 3 years. The two silvopastures received 42 and 51% of total daily incident PAR compared to the open field. Total dry forage mass yield from open pasture over the 3 years averaged 11,200 kg ha(-1) y(-1) and from silvopasture 6,640 kg ha(-1) y(-1). Silvopastures, however, had a higher PAR use efficiency (PARUE) than open pasture. Hill farms could increase grazing acreages without sacrificing all benefits from trees on the landscape by converting some areas to silvopasture. C1 [Feldhake, C. M.; Neel, J. P. S.; Belesky, D. P.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM charlie.feldhake@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 79 IS 1 SI SI BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1007/s10457-010-9289-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 584GK UT WOS:000276739000004 ER PT J AU Burner, DM West, CP AF Burner, D. M. West, C. P. TI Improving tall fescue shade tolerance: identifying candidate genotypes SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Endophyte; Genetic variability; Lolium arundinaceum; Neotyphodium coenophialum ID NORTH AFRICAN VARIETIES; FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; HERBAGE; GROWTH; ALLEY; PLASTICITY; COMPONENTS; BRITISH AB Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus [Schreb.] Dumort.) is genetically variable for many agronomic traits, so it might be possible to increase its persistence and productivity in shaded agroforestry applications. The objective of this research was to identify high yielding, shade-tolerant genotypes. Seed was obtained from eight families: seven plant introductions of European origin: 234718, 234720, 234882, 234884, 235018, 235019, 235036, and one cultivar (Kentucky 31). Two sequential experiments were conducted to select genotypes for dry mass yield during April-September. Experiment 1 included 30 genotypes of each of the eight families randomly assigned to each of two microenvironments: artificially shaded with fabric and unshaded. Maximum and minimum yields were 93.9 and 47.1 g family(-1) for Kentucky 31 and 235036, respectively. After 1 year in Experiment 1, there were more survivors in the unshaded than shaded environment (0.40 and 0.09, respectively), ranging from 0 to 0.56 (235036 and Kentucky 31, respectively). Forty robust genotypes from four families (234718, 234720, 235019, and Kentucky 31) were selected from shaded and unshaded microenvironments of Experiment 1, clonally propagated, and evaluated in pots for 2 year in Experiment 2. Shade-selected Kentucky 31 yielded more (31.0 g plant(-1)) in shade than other shade-selected families (25.2-25.8 g plant(-1)). Eleven genotypes in the top quartile (yield a parts per thousand yen33.0 g plant(-1)) were selected for further testing. All genotypes were endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams)-infected. Further testing is needed to measure heritability of yield in shaded, water-deficit conditions of a tree understory. C1 [Burner, D. M.] ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. [West, C. P.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Hwy 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. EM David.Burner@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [58-6227-8-0042]; University of Arkansas (Fayetteville) [58-6227-8-0042] FX The research was supported in part through a specific cooperative agreement (58-6227-8-0042) between USDA-ARS and University of Arkansas (Fayetteville). The authors appreciate the technical assistance of Jim Whiley and Karen Chapman (USDA-ARS, Booneville, AR), and Claudia Guerber (University of Arkansas, Fayetteville). Brad Venuto and Zeng-yu Wang gave helpful reviews of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 79 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s10457-009-9274-2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 584GK UT WOS:000276739000005 ER PT J AU Boyer, DG Neel, JPS AF Boyer, Douglas G. Neel, James P. S. TI Nitrate and fecal coliform concentration differences at the soil/bedrock interface in Appalachian silvopasture, pasture, and forest SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Nitrate; Fecal coliforms; Subsurface water; Macropores ID AGROFORESTRY; SOIL; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; AQUIFER; QUALITY AB A major limitation to efficient forage-based livestock production in Appalachia is asynchrony of forage availability and quality with nutritional requirements of the grazer. Producers require dependable plant resources and management practices that improve the seasonal distribution and persistence of high quality herbage, sustainability and environmental integrity of the agricultural landscape. It was hypothesized that inorganic N and fecal coliform concentrations delivered in leachate to the soil/bedrock interface would be lowest in deciduous forest (HF) and highest in pasture (CP) with HF converted to silvopasture (SP) between the two. Piezometers were used to monitor water quality at the soil/bedrock interface under conventional pasture, SP, and hardwood forest. The pasture and SP were rotationally grazed by sheep during the spring to fall grazing season (2004-2008). Geometric mean fecal coliform bacteria concentrations (FC) were greatest in SP (18 FC 100 mL(-1)) with no difference between CP (7.5 FC 100 mL(-1)) and HF (5.6 FC 100 mL(-1)). Mean NO(3)-N concentration was lowest in SP (2.3 mg L(-1)) and greatest in CP (4.4 mg L(-1)) and HF (4.1 mg L(-1)), which were not significantly different. Mean NH(4)-N concentrations showed different trends with the lowest mean concentration in CP (0.5 mg L(-1)) and the greatest in SP (2.5 mg L(-1)) and HF (2.6 mg L(-1)), which were not significantly different. SP was shown to be a management option in the study area that reduces nitrate leaching, but should be considered cautiously in near-stream areas and near wells where fecal bacteria pollution can be problematic. This study makes an important contribution to our knowledge about interactions between landscape management and environmental quality of the Appalachian region. A diversity of land and forage management options are needed to maximize forage and livestock productivity while protecting surface and groundwater quality of the region. C1 [Boyer, Douglas G.; Neel, James P. S.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Boyer, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM doug.boyer@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS FX Contribution of the USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Trade and company names are used for the benefit of readers and do not imply endorsement by the USDA. This research was supported by the 205 Rangeland, Pasture, and Forages National Program of the USDA-ARS. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Laura Cooper, Derek Hall, Danny Carter, and Randall Lester. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 79 IS 1 SI SI BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s10457-009-9272-4 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 584GK UT WOS:000276739000010 ER PT J AU Walker, ER Mengistu, A Bellaloui, N Koger, CH Roberts, RK Larson, JA AF Walker, E. R. Mengistu, A. Bellaloui, N. Koger, C. H. Roberts, R. K. Larson, J. A. TI Plant Population and Row-Spacing Effects on Maturity Group III Soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEEDING RATES; LIGHT QUALITY; YIELD; ENVIRONMENTS; EFFICIENCY; RESPONSES; DATES AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in the upper midsouthern United States is primarily nonirrigated. Reliance on rainfall to coincide with the soybean reproductive stages often results in low seed yields due to drought. Maturity Group (MG) III soybean cultivars have been introduced to this region to utilize early-season rains and avoid late-season drought. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between seeding rate and final population on narrow (38 cm) and wide (76 cm) rows in nonirrigated MG III soybean grown in the upper midsouthern United States. Field experiments conducted during 2006 and 2007, using MG III cultivars 'Asgrow 3906' and 'Pioneer 93M90', were planted in mid-May in narrow and wide rows to determine seeding rates and final plant populations that optimize yield. Rainfall in 2006 necessitated seeding rates of 358,400 to 378,600 seed ha(-1) and final plant populations of 288,900 to 326,500 plants ha(-1) for optimum yield. Drought in 2007 resulted in soybean planted on 38- and 76-cm row spacing producing optimum yields from 192,800 and 92,100 plants ha(-1), respectively. Narrow rows generally produced yields greater than or equal to those obtained from wide rows. These data suggest that MG III cultivars should be planted on narrow row spacing to a final population of 300,000 plants ha(-1) to provide optimum yields when planted on nonirrigated sites in the upper midsouthern United States. C1 [Mengistu, A.] USDA ARS, Crop Gen Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. [Walker, E. R.] Univ Tennessee, Martin, TN 38238 USA. [Bellaloui, N.] USDA ARS, Crop Gen Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Koger, C. H.] Mississippi State Univ, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Roberts, R. K.; Larson, J. A.] Univ Tennessee, Dep Agr Econ, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Mengistu, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Gen Res Unit, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. EM alemu.mengistu@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 821 EP 826 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0219 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600001 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Fisher, DS AF Burns, J. C. Fisher, D. S. TI Steer Performance and Pasture Productivity of Caucasian Bluestem at Three Forage Masses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OLD-WORLD BLUESTEM; WATER RELATIONS; GAS-EXCHANGE; UPPER SOUTH; TIFTON 44; GRASSES; COASTAL; BERMUDAGRASS; YIELD; CARBOHYDRATE AB The introduced perennial, warm-season grass, Caucasian bluestem [Bothriochloa caucasia (Trin.) C.E. Hubbard 'Caucasian'], appears to be adapted to the mid-Atlantic region. This 4-yr experiment compared animal and pasture productivity of Caucasian bluestem over three canopy heights, or forage masses (FM), designated as Short (14.6 cm), Medium (32.2 cm), and Tall (39.8 cm). The relationship of canopy height to diet and canopy characteristics was also evaluated. The soil was a Cecil clay loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult). Pastures were continuously stocked using variable stocking from mid-May through mid-September. Forage mass (harvested to a 2.5-cm stubble), increased linearly (P = 0.04) averaging 1.42, 2.31 and 2.75 Mg ha(-1) for Short, Medium, and Tall canopy heights. Steer average daily gain (ADG) was similar among FM treatments (0.76 kg d(-1)) but weight gain decreased linearly (P < 0.01) from Short to Tall (from 817 to 518 kg ha(-1)). Increasing FM resulted in a quadratic decrease (P <= 0.04) in stocking rate (from 9.7 to 7.8 steers ha(-1)) and animal days (from 1019 to 700 d ha(-1)) and a linear decrease (P = 0.02) in effective feed units (from 4025 to 2806 kg ha(-1)). Stand counts of Caucasian bluestem increased linearly (P = 0.05) from Tall to Short FM (from 22.8-70.0%) with the Tall providing openings for potential weed invasion. Caucasian bluestem can be heavily stocked and may provide acceptable quality forage for summer grazing in the mid-Atlantic region. C1 [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fisher, D. S.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM joe.burns@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 834 EP 842 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0468 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600003 ER PT J AU Lutcher, LK Schillinger, WF Wuest, SB Christensen, NW Wysocki, DJ AF Lutcher, L. K. Schillinger, W. F. Wuest, S. B. Christensen, N. W. Wysocki, D. J. TI Phosphorus Fertilization of Late-Planted Winter Wheat into No-Till Fallow SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; WATER STORAGE; GROWTH; SOILS; SULFENTRAZONE; YIELD; DATE; SENSITIVITY; PLACEMENT AB Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is planted in low precipitation areas of north-central Oregon and east-central Washington after 14 mo of tilled fallow. No-till fallow (NTF) is an alternative to the tillage-based method. The disadvantage of NTF is the loss of seed-zone moisture and inability to plant early. Delayed plant growth and reduced grain yield (GY) associated with late planting in NTF may be offset by P fertilization. We conducted a field experiment at three locations for 3 yr to evaluate effects of 0, 5, and 15 kg ha(-1) of P fertilizer on plant P concentration (PPC), dry matter accumulation (DMA), P uptake (PU), spikes per unit area (SPU), 1000 kernel weight (KW), kernels per spike (KPS), and GY. Soft white winter wheat was planted into NTF during the third week of October. Phosphorus fertilizer was placed below and beside the seed while planting. Application of 5 and 15 kg ha(-1) P increased PPC and/or DMA and enhanced overall PU by 0.6 and 1.7 kg P ha(-1), respectively. Corresponding increases in SPU were equal to 35 and 55 spikes m(-2). Phosphorus application had no effect on KW or KPS. The 5 kg ha(-1) P treatment increased overall GY by 4.4%. The 15 kg ha(-1) P treatment increased overall GY by 7.6%. Significant GY responses to P application, across sites, ranged from 2.2 to 14.5%. Improvement in P nutrition and increases in SPU and GY were observed at sites where initial soil test P (STP) levels were <12 mg kg(-1). C1 [Lutcher, L. K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Morrow Cty Extens Off, Heppner, OR 97836 USA. [Schillinger, W. F.] Washington State Univ, Dryland Res Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Lind, WA 99341 USA. [Wuest, S. B.] USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Christensen, N. W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Wysocki, D. J.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Lutcher, LK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Morrow Cty Extens Off, Heppner, OR 97836 USA. EM larry.lutcher@oregonstate.edu OI Schillinger, William/0000-0001-9285-8159 FU STEEP (Solutions to Environmental and Economic Problems) program FX The authors are grateful for technical assistance provided by Bob Correa and Tami Johlke (USDA-ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, Pendleton), Nick Sirovatka (OSU, Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Pendleton), YanPing Qian (OSU, Central Analytical Laboratory, Corvallis), and Harry Schafer and Tim Smith (WSU, Dry land Research Station, Lind). This project was funded with federal dollars administered through the STEEP (Solutions to Environmental and Economic Problems) program. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 868 EP 874 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0403 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600007 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA AF Tolk, Judy A. Howell, Terry A. TI Cotton Water Use and Lint Yield in Four Great Plains Soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED COTTON; USE EFFICIENCY; DEFICIT; SEASON; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ENVIRONMENT; CROP; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; LENGTH AB The development of earlier maturing, cool temperature tolerant varieties of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has allowed cotton production to expand into regions with shorter, cooler growing seasons. The objective of this research was to evaluate the interactive effect of soil type, irrigation, and meteorological conditions on the water use and lint yield of cotton grown in four U.S. Great Plains soils. Cotton was grown in 2005 through 2007 in 48 weighing lysimeters which contained clay loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or fine sand at Bushland, TX, with irrigation beginning after emergence. The seasonal heat units (HU) from planting to harvest were 1010 degrees C in 2005, 1075 degrees C in 2006, and 985 degrees C in 2007. From seedling to beginning boll development, reference evapotranspiration averaged 7.6 mm in 2005, 8.5 mm in 2006, and 6.7 mm in 2007. Lint yield was significantly related to open boll number at harvest in all soils and years. Averaged cotton lint yields for the 2005 and 2007 full and deficit irrigation treatments were significantly larger in the fine sand (160 g m(-2)) than in the other soils (126 g m(-2)). In 2006, cotton lint yield in the fine sand was significantly smaller (101 g m(-2)) than the average of the other soils (147 g m(-2)). Cotton lint yield increased in the silt loam soil and decreased in the fine sand as seasonal HU increased. Early season meteorological conditions which influenced square shedding and boll development may have affected lint yields interactively with soil texture and irrigation. C1 [Tolk, Judy A.; Howell, Terry A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM Judy.Tolk@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 904 EP 910 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0398 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600011 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Senwo, ZN Nyakatawa, EZ Tazisong, IA Reddy, KC AF Sainju, Upendra M. Senwo, Zachary N. Nyakatawa, Ermson Z. Tazisong, Irenus A. Reddy, K. Chandra TI Poultry Litter Application Increases Nitrogen Cycling Compared with Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilization SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; DAIRY MANURE SLURRY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CROPPING INTENSITY; GRASSLAND SOIL; CATTLE SLURRY; TILLAGE; MINERALIZATION; MATTER; COTTON AB Poultry litter, an inexpensive source of nutrients and available in abundant amounts in the southeastern USA, may increase N cycling and reduce N losses compared with inorganic N fertilization if applied for crop production. We evaluated the effect of long-term application of poultry litter and inorganic N fertilizer on crop N uptake, soil N fractions, and N losses in conservation and conventional tillage with or without cover crop at the 0- to 20-cm depth in a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Paleudults) in northern Alabama. Treatments were incomplete factorial combinations of three tillage practices [no-till (NT), mulch till (MT), and conventional till (CT)], two cropping systems [cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)-cotton-corn (Zea mays L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.)/cotton-rye/cotton-corn], and two N fertilization sources and rates (0 and 100 kg N ha(-1) from NH(4)NO(3) and 100 and 200 kg N ha(-1) from poultry litter). Nitrogen fractions were soil total N (STN), particulate organic N (PON), microbial biomass N (MBN), potential N mineralization (PNM), NH(4)-N, and NO(3)-N. Crop N uptake varied among treatments and years and total uptake from 1997 to 2005 was greater in rye/cotton-rye/cotton-corn than in cotton-cotton-corn and greater with NH(4)NO(3) than with poultry litter at 100 kg N ha(-1). After 10 yr, STN and PON contents at 0 to 20 cm were greater in NT with poultry litter than in other treatments, except in CT with poultry litter, resulting in N storage at 38 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) with poultry litter compared with loss at 4 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) with NH(4)NO(3). The MBN, PNM, and NO(3)-N contents were greater with poultry litter than with NH(4)NO(3), regardless of tillage. Calculation of estimated N balance showed that poultry litter conserved N at 191 to 556 kg N ha(-1) compared with -75 to 201 kg N ha(-1) with NH(4)NO(3). Poultry litter application can increase soil N storage and mineralization and reduce the potential for N loss compared with inorganic N fertilization, thereby reducing the need for N fertilization and environmental N contamination. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Senwo, Zachary N.; Nyakatawa, Ermson Z.; Tazisong, Irenus A.] Alabama A&M Univ, Dep Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. [Reddy, K. Chandra] Tennessee State Univ, Sch Agr & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37209 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov FU Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL [ALAX 011-306] FX The work was supported by a fund from Evans-Allen project no. ALAX 011-306 in Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL. Trade or manufacturers' names mentioned in the paper are for information only and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or exclusion by the USDA-ARS. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 917 EP 925 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0482 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600013 ER PT J AU Colaizzi, PD O'Shaughnessy, SA Gowda, PH Evett, SR Howell, TA Kustas, WP Anderson, MC AF Colaizzi, P. D. O'Shaughnessy, S. A. Gowda, P. H. Evett, S. R. Howell, T. A. Kustas, W. P. Anderson, M. C. TI Radiometer Footprint Model to Estimate Sunlit and Shaded Components for Row Crops SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IRRIGATED WINTER-WHEAT; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; TEXAS HIGH-PLAINS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; LIGHT PENETRATION; NITROGEN STATUS; 2-SOURCE MODEL; HEAT-FLUX; CANOPY; WATER AB This article describes a geometric model for computing the relative proportion of sunlit vegetation, shaded vegetation, sunlit soil, and shaded soil appearing in a circular or elliptical radiometer footprint for row crops, where the crop rows were modeled as continuous ellipses. The model was validated using digital photographs of row crops, where each component was determined by supervised classification. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) between modeled and observed components were 35, 49, 29, and 44% of observed means for sunlit vegetation, shaded vegetation, sunlit soil, and shaded soil, respectively. Mean bias errors (MBE) were, respectively, -5.6, 16.6, -4.0, and -0.5% of observed means. The continuous ellipse model was compared to the commonly used clumping index model, where the latter estimates total vegetation and total soil, but does not resolve these into their sunlit or shaded components and does not account for radiometer footprint shape dimensions. The continuous ellipse model resulted in RAISE for vegetation and soil of 22 and 19%, respectively, whereas the clumping index model resulted in respective RMSE of 37 and 31%. The continuous ellipse model had MBE of 3.3 and -2.6% for vegetation and soil, respectively, which was slightly greater than the respective MBE of -1.5 and 1.4% for clumping index model. Given the model sensitivity and uncertainty of leaf area index (LAI), the RMSE and MBE resulting from the continuous ellipse model would not be expected to be less than 20% of the observed means, and model performance was therefore deemed reasonable in this study. C1 [Colaizzi, P. D.; O'Shaughnessy, S. A.; Gowda, P. H.; Evett, S. R.; Howell, T. A.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Kustas, W. P.; Anderson, M. C.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Colaizzi, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM paul.colaizzi@ars.usda.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525 FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-ARS [211] FX This research was supported by the Ogallala Aquifer Program and USDA-ARS National Program 211, Water Availability and Watershed Management. We thank the numerous biological technicians and student workers for their meticulous and dedicated efforts in executing experiments and obtaining and processing data. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 942 EP 955 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0393 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600016 ER PT J AU Hedtcke, JL Posner, JL Hall, JA Walgenbach, RP Baldock, JO AF Hedtcke, Janet L. Posner, Joshua L. Hall, John A. Walgenbach, Richard P. Baldock, Jon O. TI Orchardgrass Ley for Improved Manure Management in Wisconsin: I. Forage Yield, Environmental Impact, and Production Costs SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DAIRY MANURE; SOIL NITRATE; CROPPING SYSTEMS; INITIAL HARVEST; PERENNIAL GRASS; CORN YIELD; NITROGEN; FERTILIZER; ALFALFA; PHOSPHORUS AB Spreading dairy manure in climatic zones with a short growing season that are dominated by full season crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a challenge. However, replacing these with a grass ley (GL) does open several windows for manure spreading. The effects of such a strategy were examined in a 3-yr, 2 by 2 factorial trial comparing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and corn silage (CS) with either manure or fertilizer at two locations in Wisconsin. In the fourth year a test crop of CS was grown following both crops. During the first 3 yr, the manured corn plots out-produced the manured grass plots (16.0 vs. 8.6 Mg DM ha(-1) yr(-1)) but in the fourth year the corn following the orchardgrass ley system was more productive than when following corn (20.7 vs. 14.9 Mg DM ha(-1)). Soil test phosphorus (STP) values climbed 2 to 4 mg kg(-1) yr(-1) and soil test potassium (STK) 14 to 20 mg kg(-1) yr(-1) under the manured systems. Variable costs per metric ton of forage dry matter (DM) were significantly higher in the manured GL compared to manured continuous CS system ($67 vs. $43 Mg(-1)). This can be considered a worst case scenario due to the frequent manuring in the ley system. Also, it is difficult to include the managerial and economic advantages of having adequate summer manure spreading locations. Thus, including a GL may be an ecologically and economically sound strategy where summer manure spreading is required. C1 [Hedtcke, Janet L.; Posner, Joshua L.] Univ Wisconsin, Agron Dep, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hall, John A.] Michael Fields Agr Inst, E Troy, WI 53120 USA. [Walgenbach, Richard P.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Baldock, Jon O.] AGSTAT, Verona, WI 53593 USA. RP Hedtcke, JL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Agron Dep, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jlrieste@wisc.edu OI Baldock, Jon/0000-0002-7708-5124 NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 956 EP 963 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0426 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600017 ER PT J AU Benjamin, JG Halvorson, AD Nielsen, DC Mikha, MM AF Benjamin, Joseph G. Halvorson, Ardell D. Nielsen, David Christopher Mikha, Maysoon M. TI Crop Management Effects on Crop Residue Production and Changes in Soil Organic Carbon in the Central Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; CORN; TILLAGE; NITROGEN; SEQUESTRATION; AGGREGATE; QUALITY; SYSTEM; MATTER; STOVER AB Crop biomass has been proposed as a source stock for bioethanol production. Levels of crop residue removal must be determined to prevent degradation of soil physical and chemical properties resulting from soil organic carbon (SOC) loss. Carbon inputs from crop residues and an estimate of inputs from roots and rhizodeposition (C-return) were calculated and compared with changes in SOC after seven cropping seasons at Akron, CO. Tillage treatments included a chisel plow (CP) and a no-till (NT) treatment. A crop rotation alternating grasses and broadleaf crops was compared with continuous corn (Zea mays L.). Irrigation treatments included water application to meet evapotranspiration demand or application only during the reproductive stage of each crop. Total C-return varied from 25 Mg ha(-1) for the delayed irrigation, crop rotation plots to 63 Mg ha(-1) for the fully irrigated, continuous corn plots. The change in SOC in the surface 30 cm of soil varied from -0.8 Mg SOC ha(-1) for the rotation plots to a gain of 2.8 Mg ha(-1) for the continuous corn plots after 7 yr. Correlating crop residue input with change in SOC showed that about 4.6 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) C-return is needed to maintain SOC levels for NT cropping systems and an average of 7.4 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) C-return is needed to maintain SOC levels under chisel tillage. Continuous corn was the only system that consistently provided sufficient crop residue to maintain SOC levels. Residue removal for off-farm use should consider only amounts that can be harvested without decreasing SOC levels. C1 [Benjamin, Joseph G.; Nielsen, David Christopher; Mikha, Maysoon M.] Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Halvorson, Ardell D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Benjamin, JG (reprint author), Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Co Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM Joseph.Benjarmin@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 990 EP 997 DI 10.2134/agronj2009.0483 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 595DT UT WOS:000277591600021 ER PT J AU Gehlhar, M Somwaru, A Dixon, PB Rimmer, MT Winston, AR AF Gehlhar, Mark Somwaru, Agapi Dixon, Peter B. Rimmer, Maureen T. Winston, Ashley R. TI Economywide Implications from US Bioenergy Expansion SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the American-Economics-Association CY 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Econ Assoc C1 [Gehlhar, Mark] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Dixon, Peter B.; Rimmer, Maureen T.] Monash Univ, Ctr Policy Studies, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Winston, Ashley R.] US Int Trade Commiss, Washington, DC USA. RP Gehlhar, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM mgehlhar@ers.usda.gov; agapi@ers.usda.gov; Peter.Dixon@buseco.monash.edu.au; Maureen.Rimmer@buseco.monash.edu.au; Ashley.Winston@buseco.monash.edu.au NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 2 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1257/aer.100.2.172 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 605ZN UT WOS:000278389300034 ER PT J AU Munley, VG Garvey, E McConnell, MJ AF Munley, Vincent G. Garvey, Eoghan McConnell, Michael J. TI The Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring on Student Achievement at the University Level SO AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 122nd Annual Meeting of the American-Economics-Association CY 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Econ Assoc C1 [Munley, Vincent G.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Econ, Rauch Business Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18107 USA. [Garvey, Eoghan] Natl Univ Ireland, Dept Econ, Galway, Ireland. [McConnell, Michael J.] USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Munley, VG (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Econ, Rauch Business Ctr, Bethlehem, PA 18107 USA. EM vincent.munley@lehigh.edu; mmcconnell@ers.usda.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ECONOMIC ASSOC PI NASHVILLE PA 2014 BROADWAY, STE 305, NASHVILLE, TN 37203 USA SN 0002-8282 J9 AM ECON REV JI Am. Econ. Rev. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 2 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1257/aer.100.2.277 PG 6 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 605ZN UT WOS:000278389300054 ER PT J AU Dwyer, J Donoghue, MD AF Dwyer, Johanna Donoghue, Maria DeTolve TI Is risk of Alzheimer disease a reason to use dietary supplements? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; BASE-LINE DATA; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; GINKGO EVALUATION; OLDER-PEOPLE; FOLIC-ACID; DEMENTIA; PREVENTION; VITAMIN-B-12; BILOBA C1 [Dwyer, Johanna] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Dwyer, Johanna] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Donoghue, Maria DeTolve] G&M Consulting Serv, Winnetka, IL USA. RP Dwyer, J (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 3B01, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1155 EP 1156 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29498 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 585RD UT WOS:000276845100003 PM 20335540 ER PT J AU Lee, JE Jacques, PF Dougherty, L Selhub, J Giovannucci, E Zeisel, SH Cho, EY AF Lee, Jung Eun Jacques, Paul F. Dougherty, Lauren Selhub, Jacob Giovannucci, Edward Zeisel, Steven H. Cho, Eunyoung TI Are dietary choline and betaine intakes determinants of total homocysteine concentration? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; ONE-CARBON METABOLISM; LIVER FOLATE CONTENT; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; METHOTREXATE TREATMENT; BREAST-CANCER; HEART-DISEASE; MURINE MODEL; HEALTHY-MEN; B-VITAMINS AB Background: Elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and a decline in cognitive function. Intakes of choline and betaine, as methyl donors, may affect homocysteine concentrations. Objective: The objective was to examine whether choline and betaine intakes, assessed from food-frequency questionnaires, are associated with total plasma homocysteine concentrations under both fasting and post-methionine-load conditions in both pre- and post folic acid fortification periods in the United States. Design: We assessed the association between choline and betaine intakes and fasting and post-methionine-load homocysteine concentrations using the US Department of Agriculture revised food-composition tables and evaluated whether the associations varied by folic acid fortification periods in 1325 male and 1407 female participants in the sixth examination (1995-1998) of the Framingham Offspring Study. Results: A higher choline-plus-betaine intake was associated with lower concentrations of post-methionine-load homocysteine; the multivariate geometric means were 24.1 mu mol/L (95% CI: 23.4, 24.9 mu mol/L) in the top quintile of intake and 25.0 mu mol/L (95% CI: 24.2, 25.7 mu mol/L) in the bottom quintile (P for trend = 0.01). We found an inverse association between choline-plus-betaine intake and fasting homocysteine concentrations; the multivariate geometric mean fasting homocysteine concentrations were 9.6 mu mol/L (95% CI: 9.3, 9.9 mu mol/L) in the top quintile and 10.1 mu mol/L (95% CI: 9.8, 10.4 mu mol/L) in the bottom quintile (P for trend < 0.001). When we stratified by plasma folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations, the inverse association was limited to participants with low plasma folate or vitamin B-12 concentrations. In the postfortification period, the inverse association between choline-plus-betaine intake and either fasting or post-methionine-load homocysteine was no longer present. Conclusions: Choline and betaine intakes were associated with both fasting and post-methionine-load total homocysteine concentrations, especially in participants with low folate and vitamin B-12 status. The inverse association between choline and betaine intakes and homocysteine concentrations was no longer present in the postfortification period. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91: 1303-10. C1 [Lee, Jung Eun; Giovannucci, Edward; Cho, Eunyoung] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lee, Jung Eun] Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. [Jacques, Paul F.; Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Dougherty, Lauren; Giovannucci, Edward; Cho, Eunyoung] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Zeisel, Steven H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Nutr Res, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Cho, EY (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM eunyoung.cho@channing.harvard.edu OI Lee, Jung Eun/0000-0003-1141-878X FU National Institutes of Health [CA125763, DK55865, DK56350]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health [N01-HC-25195]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA125763, DK55865, and DK56350); the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (contract no. N01-HC-25195); and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (no. 58-1950-7-707). NR 53 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1303 EP 1310 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28456 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 585RD UT WOS:000276845100023 PM 20219967 ER PT J AU Lai, CQ Parnell, LD Troen, AM Shen, J Caouette, H Warodomwichit, D Lee, YC Crott, JW Qiu, WQ Rosenberg, IH Tucker, KL Ordovas, JM AF Lai, Chao-Qiang Parnell, Laurence D. Troen, Aron M. Shen, Jian Caouette, Heather Warodomwichit, Daruneewan Lee, Yu-Chi Crott, Jimmy W. Qiu, Wei Qiao Rosenberg, Irwin H. Tucker, Katherine L. Ordovas, Jose M. TI MAT1A variants are associated with hypertension, stroke, and markers of DNA damage and are modulated by plasma vitamin B-6 and folate SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PUERTO-RICAN HEALTH; ENDOTHELIAL-CELL INJURY; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; GENE-EXPRESSION; B-VITAMINS AB Background: The S-adenosylmethionine synthetase type 1 (MAT1A) gene encodes a key enzyme in one-carbon nutrient metabolism. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association of MAT1A variants with homocysteine, DNA damage, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design: Eight variants of MAT1A were examined for associations with hypertension, stroke, CVD, homocysteine, and DNA damage in 1006 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Two variants were replicated in 1147 participants of the Nutrition, Aging, and Memory in Elders Study. Results: Two variants and haplotypes were strongly associated with hypertension and stroke, independent of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) variants. Homozygotes of the MAT1A d18777A (rs3851059) allele had a significantly greater likelihood of stroke (odds ratio: 4.30; 95% CI: 1.34, 12.19; P = 0.006), whereas 3U1510A (rs7087728) homozygotes had a lower likelihood of hypertension (odds ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.95; P = 0.022) and stroke (odds ratio: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.82; P = 0.015). A similar trend of association was observed in a second elderly population. Furthermore, strong interactions between MAT1A genotypes and vitamin B-6 status were found. Carriers of the nonrisk allele 3U1510A had a lower 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentration a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage-when plasma vitamin B-6 was high, whereas homozygotes for the risk-allele 3U1510G had higher 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine concentrations, regardless of vitamin B-6 status. Conclusions: MAT1A variants were strongly associated with hypertension and stroke. Improving folate and vitamin B-6 status might decrease the CVD risk of only a subset of the population, depending on genotype. These findings suggest that impairments in methylation activity, independent of homocysteine, have an effect on CVD risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1377-86. C1 [Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Shen, Jian; Caouette, Heather; Warodomwichit, Daruneewan; Lee, Yu-Chi; Ordovas, Jose M.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Troen, Aron M.; Rosenberg, Irwin H.] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Crott, Jimmy W.] Tufts Univ, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Qiu, Wei Qiao] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lai, CQ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Genom Lab, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM chaoqiang.lai@ars.usda.gov RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Qiu, Wendy/0000-0002-2082-2410; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging [5P01AG023394-02]; NIH/NHLBI [HL54776, AG21790-01, MO1-RR00054, HL078885]; US Department of Agriculture Research Service [53-K06-5-10, 58-1950-9-001]; Ross Aging Initiative Pilot Grant for Nutrigenomic Studies FX Supported by the National Institutes of Health; National Institute on Aging grant no. 5P01AG023394-02; NIH/NHLBI grant nos. HL54776, AG21790-01, MO1-RR00054, and HL078885; and contracts 53-K06-5-10 and 58-1950-9-001 from the US Department of Agriculture Research Service, Ross Aging Initiative Pilot Grant for Nutrigenomic Studies. NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1377 EP 1386 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28923 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 585RD UT WOS:000276845100032 PM 20335551 ER PT J AU Tang, GW AF Tang, Guangwen TI Bioconversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A in humans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Micronutrient Bioavailability - Priorities and Challenges for Setting Dietary Reference Values CY JUN 11-12, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP EURRECA Network Excellence ID RICH LIPOPROTEIN FRACTION; ISOTOPE REFERENCE METHOD; BETA-CAROTENE; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; LEAFY VEGETABLES; LUNG-CANCER; PLANT FOODS; DARK-GREEN AB Recent progress in the measurement of the bioconversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A is reviewed in this article. Methods to assess the bioavailability and bioconversion of provitamin Acarotenoids have advanced significantly in the past 10 y, specifically through the use of stable isotope methodology, which includes the use of labeled plant foods. The effects of the food matrix on the bioconversion of provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A, dietary fat effects, and the effect of genotype on the absorption and metabolism of beta-carotene have been reported recently. A summary of the major human studies that determined conversion factors for dietary beta-carotene to retinol is presented here, and these data show that the conversion efficiency of dietary beta-carotene to retinol is in the range of 3.6-28:1 by weight. There is a wide variation in conversion factors reported not only between different studies but also between individuals in a particular study. These findings show that the vitamin A value of individual plant foods rich in provitamin A carotenoids may vary significantly and need further investigation. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1468S-73S. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tang, GW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM guangwen.tang@tufts.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK620021] NR 45 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1468S EP 1473S DI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674G PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 585RD UT WOS:000276845100046 PM 20200262 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, Steven A. TI Setting Dietary Reference Intakes with the use of bioavailability data: calcium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workhop on Micronutrient Bioavailability - Priorities and Challenges for Setting Dietary Reference Values CY JUN 11-12, 2009 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP EURRECA Network Excellence ID BONE MINERALIZATION; YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; STABLE-ISOTOPES; ABSORPTION; CHILDREN; TURNOVER; IMPACT AB The determination of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for calcium, especially in children, has relied in significant part on the evaluation of the relation between calcium intake and calcium absorption and retention. At present, most of these studies are conducted with the use of dual-tracer stable isotope, although mass balance or other isotope methods are still used occasionally. Studies carried out to evaluate DRI values need to be conducted under the most controlled conditions possible. However, the achievement of such conditions can be difficult, especially in studies in small children, because strict, long-term dietary monitoring and sample collections are not well tolerated. Other dietary factors, which include vitamin D status and the presence of enhancers and inhibitors of calcium absorption, may have to be considered. However, for most healthy populations who do not have very low calcium intakes or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, other dietary factors will not be major determinants of the net calcium absorption or retention that will be used for the establishment of DRI values. Ultimately, DRI values must be chosen based on an attempt to achieve some targeted value for calcium absorption/retention or to maximize, within constraints, the overall calcium absorbed and retained. In children, it is important to use data obtained at the age and pubertal status being evaluated rather than to interpolate from data performed in other age groups. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1474S-7S. C1 [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188] NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1474S EP 1477S DI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28674H PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 585RD UT WOS:000276845100047 PM 20200260 ER PT J AU Wolf, WR AF Wolf, Wayne R. TI History of reference materials for food and nutrition metrology: as represented in the series of BERM symposia SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials CY JUL 07-10, 2009 CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Keble Coll ID ENVIRONMENTAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS; CANDIDATE REFERENCE MATERIALS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; ANALYTICAL QUALITY-CONTROL; ANALYSIS PROGRAM NFNAP; USDA NATIONAL FOOD; INTERNATIONAL-SYMPOSIUM; NUTRIENT ANALYSIS C1 ARS, USDA, Food Composit Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Composit Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wayne.wolf@ars.usda.gov NR 111 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 397 IS 2 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3363-y PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 584QW UT WOS:000276768400002 PM 20063155 ER PT J AU Goldschmidt, RJ Wolf, WR AF Goldschmidt, Robert J. Wolf, Wayne R. TI Simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in SRM 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula powder by liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Reference Materials CY JUL 07-10, 2009 CL Keble Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND HO Keble Coll DE Multivitamin analysis; Isotope dilution mass spectrometry; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Reference material ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; PHASE AB Assessing dietary intake of vitamins from all sources, including foods, dietary supplements, and fortified foods, would be aided considerably by having analytical methodologies that are capable of simultaneous determination of several vitamins. Vitamins naturally present in foods may occur in different chemical forms, with levels ranging over several orders of magnitude. Vitamins in dietary supplements and fortified foods, however, are typically added in a single chemical form, and matrix issues are usually not as complex. These sources should thus be relatively amenable to approaches that aim for simultaneous determination of multiple vitamins. Our recent work has focused on development of liquid chromatography (LC)-UV/ fluorescence and LC-tandem mass spectrometry methods for the simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, and riboflavin) in dietary supplement tablets and fortified foods, such as formula powders and breakfast cereals. As part of the validation of our methods and collaboration in characterization of a new NIST SRM 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula powder, we report data on SRM 1849 using isotope dilution mass spectrometric methods. Use of available NIST Standard Reference Materials (R) as test matrices in our method development and validation gives a benchmark for future application of these methods. We compare three chromatographic approaches and provide data on stability of vitamin standard solutions for LC-based multiple vitamin determinations. C1 [Goldschmidt, Robert J.; Wolf, Wayne R.] ARS, Food Composit Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wayne.wolf@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 397 IS 2 BP 471 EP 481 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-3373-9 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 584QW UT WOS:000276768400008 PM 20063152 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Miles, JR Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA AF Vallet, J. L. Miles, J. R. Brown-Brandl, T. M. Nienaber, J. A. TI Proportion of the litter farrowed, litter size, and progesterone and estradiol effects on piglet birth intervals and stillbirths SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Stillbirth; Progesterone; Estradiol; Farrowing; Birth interval; Swine ID TREATED PREGNANT GILTS; HORMONAL-CONTROL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PARTURITION; RELAXIN; FETAL; SOWS; OXYTOCIN; ESTROGEN; PIGS AB Stillbirth in swine ranges from 2 to 9%, resulting in a significant loss of piglets. Previous studies clearly indicate a relationship between prolonged birth intervals and stillbirth, but factors influencing birth intervals are not fully known. To characterize birth intervals and stillbirth, farrowing was recorded during three farrowing seasons. Blood samples were collected on d 110 and d 113 of gestation, and were assayed for progesterone and estrogen. Relationships between estrumate (cloprostenol sodium, an analogue of prostaglandin F(2 alpha)) usage, litter size, proportion of the litter farrowed, progesterone and estrogen concentrations, birth intervals, and stillbirth were analyzed using regression analysis. A clear relationship between birth intervals and stillbirth was observed. Stillbirth rate was unaffected by birth intervals of <1 h, and increased (P < 0.01) for birth intervals >1 h. A significant negative association between litter size and birth intervals was observed (P < 0.01). Birth intervals were unaffected by proportion of the litter farrowed until the last piglet in the litter, whose birth interval increased dramatically (1.5-fold; P < 0.01). Stillbirth rates increased as proportion of the litter farrowed increased, and a dramatic increase in stillbirth occurred for the last piglet in the litter. Neither d 110 nor 113 plasma progesterone concentrations were associated with litter size, birth intervals, or stillbirth rates. Curvilinear relationships were present between d 110 or 113 plasma estradiol concentrations and litter size. However, neither d 110 nor 113 estradiol concentrations were associated with birth intervals or stillbirth rates. These results indicate that (1) birth intervals greater than 1 h are associated with increased stillbirth; (2) larger litter size reduces birth intervals; (3) the last piglet in the litter has both a prolonged birth interval and increased risk of stillbirth; (4) plasma progesterone before farrowing does not influence birth intervals or stillbirth; and (5) plasma estradiol does not influence birth interval or stillbirth, despite a positive relationship between litter size and plasma estradiol. An understanding of the effects of litter size and proportion of the litter farrowed on birth intervals might be exploited to decrease stillbirth in piglets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vallet, J. L.; Miles, J. R.; Brown-Brandl, T. M.; Nienaber, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jeff.Vallet@ars.usda.gov RI Miles, Jeremy/A-7572-2009 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 119 IS 1-2 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.11.004 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 570KY UT WOS:000275677600011 PM 20031344 ER PT J AU Torto, B Fombong, AT Mutyambai, DM Muli, E Arbogast, RT Teal, PEA AF Torto, Baldwyn Fombong, Ayuka T. Mutyambai, Daniel M. Muli, Eliud Arbogast, Richard T. Teal, Peter E. A. TI Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Oplostomus haroldi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Occurrence in Kenya, Distribution Within Honey Bee Colonies, and Responses to Host Odors SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Aethina tumida; Oplostomus haroldi; honey bee; Kodamaea ohmeri; Kenya ID SMALL HIVE BEETLE; APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; APIDAE COLONIES; VOLATILES; BIOLOGY; TRAP AB Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is considered a minor parasitic pest of African honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colonies, but little information is available on other coleopteran pests. We surveyed for A. tumida and other beetles in honey bee colonies at four major beekeeping locations: Watamu, Chawia-Taita, Matuu, and Nairobi in Kenya and compared their distribution within the colonies. The presence of A. tumida was confirmed in all the colonies surveyed, whereas Oplostomus haroldi Witte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was found for the first time to be associated with honey bee colonies in varying numbers at all the sites, except that none were found in colonies in Nairobi. More than 90% of A. tuanda and O. haroldi were found in Watamu and Chawia, located within the coastal province of Kenya. Although A. tumida was found mostly on the bottom board of the hives, consistent with previous reports, O. haroldi was found on the frames. Laboratory bioassays using a two-choice olfactometer showed that both beetle species were significantly attracted to worker honey bee volatiles and commercial pollen dough inoculated with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri associated with A. tumida. Based on these findings, we report for the first time O. haroldi as a pest of African honey bee colonies in Kenya. We propose that differences in their densities recorded in the colonies may be due to dissimilarities in the colony environments in the areas surveyed and that odor-baited traps that have been successfully been used to manage populations of A. tumida also will be suitable for use against O. haroldi. C1 [Torto, Baldwyn; Fombong, Ayuka T.; Mutyambai, Daniel M.; Muli, Eliud] Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. [Arbogast, Richard T.; Teal, Peter E. A.] USDA ARS CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Torto, B (reprint author), Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, POB 20772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. EM btorto@icipe.org FU USDAARS [SCA-586615-7-119F] FX We thank B. Tsuma, A. Mwajeve, J. Kilonzo, P. Nganga, A. Mutua, N. Mutua, and J. Angira for assistance in the inspection of honey bee colonies; M. Mutua (National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi) and M. Thomas (Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, FL) for identifying the scarab beetle; B. Mwajombo, S. Kutisha, National Museums of Kenya (Watamu), Mully's Children Farm (MCF) (Matuu), and the National beekeeping station (Nairobi) for providing managed honey bee colonies; and D. Saila' (icipe-Biostatistics Unit) for advice on the statistical analysis. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for the useful comments made. We acknowledge the USDAARS for funding this project (SCA-586615-7-119F). NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 103 IS 3 BP 389 EP 396 DI 10.1603/AN09136 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 595CM UT WOS:000277588300011 ER PT J AU Neven, LG Hansen, LD AF Neven, Lisa G. Hansen, Lee D. TI Effects of Temperature and Controlled Atmospheres on Codling Moth Metabolism SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE differential scanning calorimetry; codling moth; ATP; metabolism; controlled atmospheres ID HEATED CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; PLATYNOTA-STULTANA PUPAE; ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH; QUARANTINE TREATMENTS; CALORESPIROMETRIC DETERMINATION; COMBINATION HEAT; INSECT MORTALITY; EFFICACY TESTS; SWEET CHERRIES; O-2 AB Although controlled atmosphere temperature treatments are effective in controlling codling moth, Cydiapomonella (L.), in fruit, the mechanism by which this combination treatment kills the larvae is unknown. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the effects of elevated temperatures, low O(2) and high CO(2) on the metabolic heat rate of fifth-instar codling moths. Total ATP levels also were determined. Metabolic heat rates in air increased from 0 to 30 degrees C and decreased above 30 degrees C. Heat rates measured isothermally at 23 degrees C under decreased O(2) or increased CO(2) were lower than those in air with the lowest in 1 kPa O(2) and 1 kPa O(2) + 15 kPa CO(2). Continuous temperature scans from 23 to 44.5 degrees C under low O(2) and high CO(2) atmospheres produced lower metabolic heat rates than scans under air. Low O(2) atmospheres produced the lowest ATP levels, and high concentrations of CO(2) produced the highest ATP levels. These results indicate that heat treatments under controlled atmospheres have a dramatic effect on codling moth metabolism, low O(2) prevents ATP synthesis, and high CO(2) prevents use of ATP. C1 [Neven, Lisa G.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Hansen, Lee D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Neven, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowae Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. EM lisa.neven@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 103 IS 3 BP 418 EP 423 DI 10.1603/AN09133 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 595CM UT WOS:000277588300014 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Delaplane, KS AF Pettis, Jeffery S. Delaplane, Keith S. TI Coordinated responses to honey bee decline in the USA SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; pollinator decline; colony collapse disorder; CCD; research; education; honey bees; Nosema; integrated pest management; nutrition ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; APIS-MELLIFERA; UNITED-STATES; LOSSES AB In response to successive years of high honey bee mortality, the United States Congress mandated the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to increase funding for research and education directed at reducing honey bee decline. The funding follows two administrative streams within USDA - one through the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and another through the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA). ARS is funding an Areawide Project operated by the four ARS honey bee labs, and NIFA is funding through a competitive grant process a Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) operated by scientists and educators heavily represented by state colleges of agriculture. Each project - Areawide and CAP - is characterized as a consortium of investigators working in a coordinated manner to reduce institutional redundancy and optimize the discovery and delivery of sustainable bee management practices to client beekeepers. C1 [Pettis, Jeffery S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Delaplane, Keith S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, 476 BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jeff.pettis@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 6 U2 72 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 256 EP 263 DI 10.1051/apido/2010013 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 614BE UT WOS:000279029200004 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Huang, ZY AF Chen, Yan Ping Huang, Zachary Y. TI Nosema ceranae, a newly identified pathogen of Apis mellifera in the USA and Asia SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Nosema apis; N. ceranae; host range; distribution; morphology; pathology; genome ID COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER; EUROPEAN HONEY-BEES; MICROSPORIDIAN PARASITE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HYMENOPTERA-APIDAE; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; SPORES AB Globalization has provided opportunities for parasites/pathogens to cross geographic boundaries and expand to new hosts. Nosema disease is one of the most serious adult honey bee diseases and has high prevalence in honey bee colonies. For years, Nosema apis was thought to be the only microsporidian infecting domestic bee colonies. However, recently it was discovered that N. ceranae could cross the species barrier from Asian honey bees (Apis cerana) to European honey bees (Apis mellifera) that are widely used for crop pollination and honey production. Over the last few years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of Nosema infections in honey bees. This review summarizes previous findings and recent progress in the understanding of Nosema infection of A. mellifera in the USA and Asia, with particular emphasis on the comparative epidemiological, morphological, pathological, and genomic organization of two Nosema species. The prospects of future research and remaining unresolved questions associated with the study of honey bee Nosema diseases are also discussed. C1 [Chen, Yan Ping] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Huang, Zachary Y.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol Ecol Evolutionary Biol & Behav, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM judy.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Huang, Zachary/D-5485-2011 OI Huang, Zachary/0000-0001-5354-5547 FU USDA NIFA AFRI [2009-85118-05718]; USDA NRI [97-35302-5304] FX We thank Dr. Robin Gutell from University of Texas for the help of the secondary structure models of ribosomal RNA. The research was supported in part by a USDA NIFA AFRI grant "Managed Pollinator Coordinated Agricultural Project" (2009-85118-05718) and a USDA NRI grant (97-35302-5304). NR 46 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 32 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.1051/apido/2010021 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 614BE UT WOS:000279029200011 ER PT J AU Rinderer, TE Harris, JW Hunt, GJ de Guzman, LI AF Rinderer, Thomas E. Harris, Jeffrey W. Hunt, Gregory J. de Guzman, Lilia I. TI Breeding for resistance to Varroa destructor in North America SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Varroa resistance; breeding program; Russian honey bees; Varroa-sensitive hygiene; marker-assisted selection ID HONEY-BEES HYMENOPTERA; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; APIS-MELLIFERA L; FAR-EASTERN RUSSIA; MULTISTATE FIELD TRIALS; SENSITIVE HYGIENE VSH; ACARAPIS-WOODI ACARI; JACOBSONI MESOSTIGMATA; APIDAE COLONIES; PARASITIC MITE AB Breeding for resistance to Varroa destructor in North America provides the long-term solution to the economic troubles the mite brings. This review reports the development of two breeding successes that have produced honey bees of commercial quality that do not require pesticide treatment to control Varroa, highlights other traits that could be combined to increase resistance and examines the potential uses of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for breeding for Varroa resistance. Breeding work continues with these stocks to enhance their commercial utility. This work requires knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance that can be further developed or improved in selected stocks and studied with molecular techniques as a prelude to MAS. C1 [Rinderer, Thomas E.; Harris, Jeffrey W.; de Guzman, Lilia I.] USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. [Hunt, Gregory J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Rinderer, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. EM Tom.Rinderer@ars.usda.gov NR 118 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 32 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 41 IS 3 BP 409 EP 424 DI 10.1051/apido/2010015 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 614BE UT WOS:000279029200014 ER PT J AU Van Stelten, A Simpson, JM Ward, TJ Nightingale, KK AF Van Stelten, A. Simpson, J. M. Ward, T. J. Nightingale, K. K. TI Revelation by Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping That Mutations Leading to a Premature Stop Codon in inlA Are Common among Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ready-To-Eat Foods but Not Human Listeriosis Cases SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNALIN-A; VIRULENCE; GENE; DISTINCT; STRAINS; CONTAMINATION; EXPRESSION; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; PLANTS AB Listeria monocytogenes utilizes internalin A (InlA; encoded by inlA) to cross the intestinal barrier to establish a systemic infection. Multiple naturally occurring mutations leading to a premature stop codon (PMSC) in inlA have been reported worldwide, and these mutations are causally associated with attenuated virulence. Five inlA PMSC mutations recently discovered among isolates from France and the United States were included as additional markers in our previously described inlA single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay. This assay was used to screen >1,000 L. monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods (n = 502) and human listeriosis cases (n = 507) for 18 inlA PMSC mutations. A significantly (P < 0.0001) greater proportion of RTE food isolates (45.0%) carried a PMSC mutation in inlA compared to human clinical isolates (5.1%). The proportion of L. monocytogenes with or without PMSC mutations in inlA was similar among isolates from different RTE food categories except for deli meats, which included a marginally higher proportion (P = 0.12) of isolates carrying a PMSC in inlA. We also analyzed the distribution of epidemic clone (EC) strains, which have been linked to the majority of listeriosis outbreaks worldwide and are overrepresented among sporadic cases in the United States. We observed a significant (P < 0.05) overrepresentation of EC strains in deli and seafood salads and a significant (P < 0.05) underrepresentation of EC strains in smoked seafood. These results provide important data to predict the human health risk of exposure to L. monocytogenes strains that differ in pathogenic potential through consumption of contaminated RTE foods. C1 [Van Stelten, A.; Simpson, J. M.; Nightingale, K. K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ward, T. J.] ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Nightingale, KK (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 108B Anim Sci Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kendra.nightingale@colostate.edu FU National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35201-16266] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (grant 2005-35201-16266).; We thank P. Evans and D. Goldman from the USDA Food Safety Inspection Service for providing DNA samples from isolates carrying inlA PMSC mutation types 15 to 18. We thank S. Brisse, Institut Pasteur, for the generous gift of DNA from an isolate previously reported to carry inlA PMSC type 14. We also thank M. Wiedmann, Cornell University, for generously providing the L. monocytogenes isolate set characterized in the current study and for helpful discussions. In addition, we are indebted to all members of the Colorado State University Food Safety Laboratory for assistance with freezing down isolates and preparation of the bacterial lysates. We are also grateful for technical support and for assistance with the GeneScan software provided by Jason Rivest (Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University). NR 38 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 76 IS 9 BP 2783 EP 2790 DI 10.1128/AEM.02651-09 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 586KP UT WOS:000276907400012 PM 20208021 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Li, P Scharfenstein, L Chang, PK AF Ehrlich, Kenneth C. Li, Ping Scharfenstein, Leslie Chang, Perng-Kuang TI HypC, the Anthrone Oxidase Involved in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMODINANTHRONE OXYGENASE; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; EMODIN ANTHRONE; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; TERREUS AB On the basis of gene disruption and enzyme activity, hypC, an open reading frame in the region between the pksA (aflC) and nor-1 (aflD) genes in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster, encodes a 17-kDa oxidase that converts norsolorinic acid anthrone to norsolorinic acid. C1 [Ehrlich, Kenneth C.; Li, Ping; Scharfenstein, Leslie; Chang, Perng-Kuang] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687,1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM ken.ehrlich@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 76 IS 10 BP 3374 EP 3377 DI 10.1128/AEM.02495-09 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 592OF UT WOS:000277388200036 PM 20348292 ER PT J AU Cooley, MB Carychao, D Nguyen, K Whitehand, L Mandrell, R AF Cooley, Michael B. Carychao, Diana Nguyen, Kimberly Whitehand, Linda Mandrell, Robert TI Effects of Environmental Stress on Stability of Tandem Repeats in Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA STRAINS; SEQUENCE DNA REPEATS; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; STATIONARY-PHASE; NUMBER; PLASMID; O157-H7; MUTATIONS; BACTERIA; GENOMES AB Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is used for source tracking Escherichia coli O157:H7 in agricultural environments. Tandem repeats were stable after limited replication but changed after exposure to irradiation, elevated temperatures, and starvation conditions. The pO157 plasmid was frequently lost under these stress conditions. Environmental stresses may increase phylogenetic diversity as measured by MLVA. C1 [Cooley, Michael B.; Carychao, Diana; Nguyen, Kimberly; Mandrell, Robert] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Whitehand, Linda] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cooley, MB (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM mcooley@pw.usda.gov FU USDA Current Research Information System (CRIS) [5325-42000-044-00D]; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) [2006-01240, 2007-02029] FX This work was funded by USDA Current Research Information System (CRIS) project no. 5325-42000-044-00D and USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) project no. 2006-01240 and 2007-02029. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 76 IS 10 BP 3398 EP 3400 DI 10.1128/AEM.02373-09 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 592OF UT WOS:000277388200041 PM 20348301 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Braker, JD AF Jordan, Douglas Brian Braker, Jay D. TI beta-d-Xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium: Role of Glutamate 186 in Catalysis Revealed by Site-Directed Mutagenesis, Alternate Substrates, and Active-Site Inhibitor SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fuel ethanol; Glycoside hydrolase; GH43; pH dependence; Relative substrate specificity ID COVALENT-INTERMEDIATE; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE; TRANSITION-STATE; RING DISTORTION; COMPLEX; CLASSIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; SNAPSHOTS; MICHAELIS; INSIGHT AB beta-d-Xylosidase/alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium is the most active enzyme known for catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-d-xylooligosaccharides to d-xylose. Catalysis and inhibitor binding by the GH43 beta-xylosidase are governed by the protonation states of catalytic base (D14, pK (a) 5.0) and catalytic acid (E186, pK (a) 7.2). Biphasic inhibition by triethanolamine of E186A preparations reveals minor contamination by wild-type-like enzyme, the contaminant likely originating from translational misreading. Titration of E186A preparations with triethanolamine allows resolution of binding and kinetic parameters of the E186A mutant from those of the contaminant. The E186A mutation abolishes the pK (a) assigned to E186; mutant enzyme binds only the neutral aminoalcohol (pH - independent K(i)(triethanolamine) = 19 mM), whereas wild-type enzyme binds only the cationic aminoalcohol (pH - independent K(i)(triethanolamine) = 0.065 mM). At pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C, relative kinetic parameter, k(cat)(4NPX) / k(cat)(4NPA), for substrates 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4NPX) and 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (4NPA) of E186A is 100-fold that of wild-type enzyme, consistent with the view that, on the enzyme, protonation is of greater importance to the transition state of 4NPA whereas ring deformation dominates the transition state of 4NPX. C1 [Jordan, Douglas Brian; Braker, Jay D.] ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 161 IS 1-8 BP 395 EP 410 DI 10.1007/s12010-009-8874-7 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 567NX UT WOS:000275455000036 PM 20127424 ER PT J AU Baker, KD Hughs, E Foulk, J AF Baker, K. D. Hughs, E. Foulk, J. TI COTTON QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY CHANGES IN SPINDLE SPEED SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Cotton ginning; Harvesting; Fiber quality; High volume instrument; Advanced fiber information system AB Three cotton varieties were grown under furrow-irrigated conditions in southern Not, Mexico and hand-harvested so that individual bolls remained intact. The cotton bolls were conditioned in a controlled atmosphere and then subjected to a single cotton picker spindle operating at a speed of 1000 to 3000 rpm. Two spindle designs were studied: a 12.7-mm (1/2-in.) round, tapered, barbed spindle and a 4.8-mm (3/16-in.) square spindle that was straight and smooth. Mass measurements were taken to determine the portion of seed cotton not picked and the portion that would be ejected from the spindle ("fly-off"). A force gauge was used to determine the peak force that was needed to pull the seed cotton from the spindle. Moisture content of the bolls used in the test ranged from 9% to 10% d.b. Results showed that the smaller straight spindle was more aggressive in removing cotton from the boll. There was approximately twice as much fly-off from the barbed spindle than from the smaller straight spindle at any given speed. Fly-off also increased exponentially for each spindle type as the speed was increased. The peak force required to remove the seed cotton from the spindle ranged from 50% to 100(?) more for the smaller straight spindle than from the barbed spindle. For both spindles, the peak force requirement was approximately doubled each time the speed was increased by 1000 rpm, indicating an exponential relationship between speed and wrap tightness. Additionally, field tests were conducted for the 2005 and 2006 crop years by the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory in Mesilla Park, New Mexico. Three cotton varieties were grown under farrow-irrigated conditions in southern New Mexico and harvested with a modified 1-row cotton picker each year using a ground speed of 0.85 m/s and spindle speeds of 1500, 2000, and 2400 rpm for the 2005 crop and spindle speeds of 2000, 3000, and 4000 rpm for the 2006 crop. The tests were replicated four times. Stalk losses in the field were significantly greater (alpha=0.05) at a spindle speed of 1500 rpm than for speeds of 2000 rpm or greater for all varieties. This indicates that a spindle speed of at least 2000 rpm is needed for the picker to adequately function. Stalk losses were greater with speeds of 3000 and 4000 rpm than for a speed of 2000 rpm with the Pima variety. The number of spindle twists in a 1000-g seed cotton sample and the percent of seed cotton that was spindle twisted was greater for the 3000- and 4000-rpm spindle speeds than for the 2000-rpm spindle speed. Both measures of spindle twists nearly doubled when spindle speed increased from 2000 to 3000 rpm and then increased more when spindle speed increased to 4000 rpm. HVI classing data showed no significant differences among treatments except for upland lint samples collected before lint cleaning. In these samples there were higher levels of trash with spindle speeds of 3000 and 4000 rpm than with a speed of 2000 rpm. The differences were no longer significant for samples collected after lint cleaning. All three varieties had significant differences in AFIS nep count and short fiber count in the raw stock from the bale. Both neps and short fiber content increased when spindle speed was increased from 2000 to 3000 rpm and from 3000 to 4000 rpm. These nep count and short fiber differences were diminished, but did not disappear as the fiber was farther processed. For AFIS. dust count and trash count, significant differences were noted in the raw stock, with higher levels of dust and trash at speeds of 3000 rpm or greater. Differences in dust count and trash count disappeared as the fiber was further processed. C1 [Baker, K. D.; Hughs, E.; Foulk, J.] USDA ARS SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Baker, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578,300 E Coll Dr, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. EM kevibake@nmsu.edu FU Cotton, Incorporated, Cary, North Carolina FX The financial support of Cotton, Incorporated, Cary, North Carolina, for this project is greatly appreciated. The assistance of the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Cotton Quality Research Unit, Clemson, South Carolina, for analyzing fiber quality and spinability is also greatly appreciated. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 363 EP 369 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 619FZ UT WOS:000279415900002 ER PT J AU Jabro, JD Stevens, WB Evans, RG Iversen, WM AF Jabro, J. D. Stevens, W. B. Evans, R. G. Iversen, W. M. TI SPATIAL VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF SELECTED SOIL PROPERTIES IN THE AP HORIZON OF A CRP GRASSLAND SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Spatial variability; Statistics; Semivariogram; Cross-semivariogram; Kriging ID YIELD-IRRIGATION RELATIONSHIPS; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; STOCHASTIC APPROACH; FIELD; CONDUCTIVITY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Knowledge of the spatial variability of soil properties in agricultural fields is important for implementing various precision agricultural management practices. This article examines spatial variation of selected soil physical and chemical properties and explores their spatial correlation in the Ap horizon of a Lihen sandy loam soil (sandy, mixed, frigid Entic Haplustoll) within a field of grass-alfalfa Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land. Soil measurements were made on a 16 x 36-m grid sampling pattern. Soil properties including penetration resistance (PR), bulk density (rho(b)), and gravimetric water content (theta(m)) were measured by collecting undisturbed soil cores from 5- to 10-cm and 20- to 25-cm depths. Additional disturbed soil samples were collected for particle size distribution electrical conductivity (EC(e)), and pH analysis. The two depths were averaged for the assessment of spatial distribution, relationships and interpolation of soil properties. Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(s)) and total porosity (epsilon(T)) for the 0- to 25-cm depth were estimated from rho(b), theta(m), and volumetric water content at field capacity (FC) level. Soil properties were analyzed using both classical and geostatistical methods that included descriptive statistics, semivariograms, cross-semivariograms, spatial kriged and co-kriged prediction maps and interpolation. Results indicated that small to moderate spatial variability existed across the field for soil properties studied. Furthermore, cross-semivariograms exhibited a strong negative spatial interdependence between soil PR and theta(m), epsilon(T), and InK(s). Spatial variability of soil theta(m), rho(b), PR, ECe, pH, and clay content and their spatial correlation in the Ap horizon of the CRP grassland were attributed to a combination of previous farming practices, topographic characteristics, vegetation history, soil erosion, and weather conditions at this site. C1 [Jabro, J. D.; Stevens, W. B.; Evans, R. G.; Iversen, W. M.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Jabro, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM jay.jabro@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 419 EP 428 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 619FZ UT WOS:000279415900009 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Camp, CR Sadler, EJ Evans, DE Millen, JA AF Stone, K. C. Camp, C. R. Sadler, E. J. Evans, D. E. Millen, J. A. TI CORN YIELD RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND IRRIGATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN COASTAL PLAIN SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Site specific; Precision farming; Center pivot; Water conservation; Variable rate irrigation; Maize; Production function ID CONVENTIONAL-TILL; DRYLAND CORN; SOIL-WATER; NO-TILL; MANAGEMENT; FERTIGATION; ROTATION AB Availability of spatially-indexed data and crop yield maps has caused increased interest in site-specific management of crop inputs, especially water and fertilizer As commercial equipment to implement site-specific applications of water and nutrients becomes available, crop response to variable inputs and decision support systems will be required to ensure profitable crop production while conserving natural resources and protecting the environment. The objective of this research was to determine corn yield response to a range of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation amounts on a relatively uniform southeastern Coastal Plain soil under conservation tillage. Corn was grown in a field experiment using a center pivot irrigation system that had been modified to make site-specific applications of water and fertilizer during the period 1999-2001 on a site near Florence, South Carolina. Treatments included three antecedent crop rotations (prior four years), three irrigation regimes (0, 75%, and 150% of a base rate, IBR), and four nitrogen fertilizer amounts (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of a base rate, NBR), and with Put. replications. As expected, corn grain yields increased with irrigation and N fertilizer Mean corn grain yields for the three-year study ranged from 6.3 to 8.9 Mg/ha for the 0% IBR avail-twin, 9.4 to 10.5 Mg/ha for the 75% IBR treatment, and 10.0 to 10.6 Mg/ha for the 150% IBR treatment. The mean corn grain yields in response to N applications ranged from 6.4 to 8.0 Mg/ha for the 50% IBR treatment, 8.6 to 9.4 Mg/ha for the 75% NBR treatment, 9.1 to 10.9 Mg/ha for the 100% NBR treatment, and 8.8 to 11.7 for the 125% NBR treatment. However, the nature of the response varied among the three years, mainly because of differences in rainfall and rainfall distribution during the growing season. Also, during the first,year there was less response to N fertilizer (7.9 to 9.1 Mg/ha) possibly because of residual soil N from antecedent soybean crop. A regression analysis indicated that the slopes of the corn yield response to increased N fertilizer application were low for both irrigated and rainfed treatments in 1999. In both 2000 and 2001, the slopes were greater for the corn yield response to increased N fertilizer In 2000, the irrigated treatments had a greater slope of the yield response for additional N fertilizer than did the minted treatments. Using an orthogonal contrast analysis, the overall yield response for the combined irrigation treatments to N fertilizer was quadratic in 1999 and 2000, and linear in 2001. These quadratic yield response's indicated that, for these conditions, a potential upper limit on production for the applied N-fertilizer and water (rainfall and irrigation) was approached. For the minted treatment, yield response to N fertilizer was linear in all three years. These results provide useful information that should be helpful in developing management strategies and decision support systems for profitable management of both water and N fertilizer on spatially-variable soils in the southeastern Coastal Plain while conserving natural resources and protecting the environment. C1 [Stone, K. C.; Camp, C. R.; Evans, D. E.; Millen, J. A.] USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. [Sadler, E. J.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM Ken.stone@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 EI 1943-7838 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 429 EP 438 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 619FZ UT WOS:000279415900010 ER PT J AU Pearson, T AF Pearson, T. TI HIGH-SPEED SORTING OF GRAINS BY COLOR AND SURFACE TEXTURE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE FPGA; CMOS; Machine vision ID MACHINE VISION; CLASSIFICATION; MODELS; WHEAT AB A high-speed, low-cost, image-based sorting device was developed to detect and separate grains with different colors/textures. The device directly combines a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) color image sensor with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) that was programmed to execute image processing in real-time without the need for an external computer: The spatial resolution of the imaging system is approximately 16 pixels/mm. The system utilizes the inherent parallel processing capabilities of FPGA's to inspect three separate streams of,grain with a single camera/FPGA combination. Kernels are imaged immediately after dropping off the end of a chute and arc diverted by activating an air valve. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 225 kernels/s overall, which is much higher than previously developed image inspection systems. This throughput rate corresponds to an inspection rate of approximately 25 kg/h of wheat. Testing of the system resulted in accuracies. of 96% for separating red wheat from white wheat 93% accuracy for separating barley from durum, and 92% for separating brown flax front yellow flax. The sorter should find use in removing other defects found in grain, such as scab-damaged and bunted wheat. Parts for the system cost less than $2,000, so it may be economical to run several systems in parallel to keep up with processing plant rates. C1 USDA ARS CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Pearson, T (reprint author), USDA ARS CGAHR, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM thomas.pearson@ars.usda.gov NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 499 EP 505 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 619FZ UT WOS:000279415900017 ER PT J AU Mitsuhashi-Gonzalez, K Pitts, MJ Fellman, JK Curry, EA Clary, CD AF Mitsuhashi-Gonzalez, K. Pitts, M. J. Fellman, J. K. Curry, E. A. Clary, C. D. TI BRUISING PROFILE OF FRESH APPLES ASSOCIATED WITH TISSUE TYPE AND STRUCTURE SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Apples; Bruising; Harvesting date ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; FRACTURE PROPERTIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; VEGETATIVE TISSUE; TEXTURE; FRUIT; PARENCHYMA; STRENGTH; RHEOLOGY; IMPACT AB Bruising of apples results in millions of dollars in loss annually. To reduce economic loss, a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved is necessary. Our objective was to visualize damage due to bruising, using different methods of microscopy, as an aid to substantiating which mechanisms were most viable. 'Golden Delicious' apples at different maturity levels were similarly bruised with an artificial silicon finger attached to an Instron machine. Bruising was induced on freshly harvested fruit and examined after 48 11 at room temperature. We used fluorescence microscopy with Calcofluor (to identify cell walls) and CDTA (to identify intact cell membranes) in the bruised and discolored tissue. Together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), different breakage mechanisms were observed in the bruised volume. These techniques revealed that bruised tissue was comprised of both live cells, and dead cells that appealed burst, crushed or without apparent damage. The greater the amount of intercellular space present in the tissue, the more tissue damage from bruising occurred. Because airspaces weakened the tissue, damage initiated close to these sites. As apples matured, there was an increase in damaged cells surrounding larger intercellular spaces. C1 [Mitsuhashi-Gonzalez, K.; Fellman, J. K.; Clary, C. D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Pitts, M. J.] Dept Biol Syst Engn, Washington, DC USA. [Curry, E. A.] ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Clary, CD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, POB 646120, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM cclary@wsu.edu FU Agricultural Research Center, Washington State University; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Technologia, Government of Mexico FX The authors recognize the support of the Agricultural Research Center, Washington State University, the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Technologia, Government of Mexico. Stemilt growers and Mr. & Mrs Ohrazda, Bud and Karen (Lucky Badger Orchards, Orondo, Wash.). NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 BP 509 EP 517 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 619FZ UT WOS:000279415900018 ER PT J AU Mayer, B Shanley, JB Bailey, SW Mitchell, MJ AF Mayer, B. Shanley, J. B. Bailey, S. W. Mitchell, M. J. TI Identifying sources of stream water sulfate after a summer drought in the Sleepers River watershed (Vermont, USA) using hydrological, chemical, and isotopic techniques SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SULFUR-ISOTOPE; BACTERIAL REDUCTION; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; UNITED-STATES; STABLE SULFUR; FOREST; FRACTIONATION; SULPHATES; OXIDATION AB In many forested headwater catchments, peak SO(4)(2-) concentrations in stream water occur in the late summer or fall following drought potentially resulting in episodic stream acidification. The sources of highly elevated stream water SO(4)(2-) concentrations were investigated in a first order stream at the Sleepers River watershed (Vermont, USA) after the particularly dry summer of 2001 using a combination of hydrological, chemical and isotopic approaches. Throughout the summer of 2001 SO(4)(2-) concentrations in stream water doubled from similar to 130 to 270 mu eq/L while flows decreased. Simultaneously increasing Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations and delta(34)S values increasing from +7 parts per thousand towards those of bedrock S (similar to+10.5 parts per thousand) indicated that chemical weathering involving hydrolysis of silicates and oxidation of sulfide minerals in schists and phyllites was the cause for the initial increase in SO(4)(2-) concentrations. During re-wetting of the watershed in late September and early October of 2001, increasing stream flows were accompanied by decreasing Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations, but SO(4)(2-) concentrations continued to increase up to 568 mu eq/L, indicating that a major source of SO(4)(2-) in addition to bedrock weathering contributed to peak SO(4)(2-) concentrations. The further increase in SO(4)(2-) concentrations coincided with an abrupt decrease of delta(34)S values in stream water SO(4)(2-) from maximum values near +10 parts per thousand to minimum values near -3 parts per thousand. Soil investigations revealed that some C-horizons in the Spodsols of the watershed contained secondary sulfide minerals with delta(34)S values near -2 parts per thousand. The shift to negative delta(34)S values of stream water SO(4)(2-) indicates that secondary sulfides in C-horizons were oxidized to SO(4)(2-) during the particularly dry summer of 2001. The newly formed SO(4)(2-) was transported to the streams during re-wetting of the watershed contributing similar to 60% of the SO(4)(2-) during peak concentrations in the stream water. Thereafter, the contribution of SO(4)(2-) from oxidation of secondary sulfides in C-horizons decreased rapidly and pedogenic SO(4)(2-) reemerged as a dominant SO(4)(2-) source in concert with decreasing SO(4)(2-) concentrations in spring of 2002. The study provides evidence that a quantitative assessment of the sources of stream water SO(4)(2-) in forested watersheds is possible by combining hydrological, chemical and isotopic techniques, provided that the isotopic compositions of all potential SO(4)(2-) sources are distinctly different. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mayer, B.] Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Shanley, J. B.] US Geol Survey, Montpelier, VT 05602 USA. [Bailey, S. W.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, N Woodstock, NH 03262 USA. [Mitchell, M. J.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Mayer, B (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM bmayer@ucalgary.ca RI Mayer, Bernhard/G-6444-2012; OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X FU Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC); Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); US Geological Survey's Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) FX Financial support from the Northeastern States Research Cooperative (NSRC), administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the US Geological Survey's Water, Energy and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Jane Hislop of the US Forest Service, NH, for providing archived stream samples. NR 45 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 747 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.02.007 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 609RN UT WOS:000278674900014 ER PT J AU Zhu, JY Zhu, WY OBryan, P Dien, BS Tian, S Gleisner, R Pan, XJ AF Zhu, J. Y. Zhu, Wenyuan OBryan, Patricia Dien, Bruce S. Tian, Shen Gleisner, Rolland Pan, X. J. TI Ethanol production from SPORL-pretreated lodgepole pine: preliminary evaluation of mass balance and process energy efficiency SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic ethanol; SPORL; Fermentation/saccharification; Woody biomass; Pretreatment; Ethanol yield ID STEAM PRETREATMENT; ENZYMATIC SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; SOFTWOOD; HYDROLYSIS; BIOMASS; FRACTIONATION; BIOCONVERSION; OPTIMIZATION AB Lodgepole pine from forest thinnings is a potential feedstock for ethanol production. In this study, lodgepole pine was converted to ethanol with a yield of 276 L per metric ton of wood or 72% of theoretical yield. The lodgepole pine chips were directly subjected to sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) pretreatment and then disk-milled; the recovered cellulose substrate was quais-simultaneously saccharified enzymatically and fermented to ethanol using commercial cellulases and Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5A. The liquor stream from the pretreatment containing hydrolyzed sugars mainly from hemicelluloses was fermented by the same yeast strain after detoxification using an XAD resin column. The SPORL pretreatment was conducted at 180A degrees C for a period of 25 min with a liquor-to-wood ratio of 3:1 (v/w) in a laboratory digester. Three levels of sulfuric acid charge (0.0%, 1.4%, and 2.2% on an oven dried wood basis in w/w) and three levels of sodium bisulfite charge (0.0%, 4.0%, and 8.0% in w/w) were applied. Mechanical and thermal energy consumption for milling and pretreatment were determined. These data were used to determine the efficiency of sugar recoveries and net ethanol energy production values and to formulate a preliminary mass and energy balance. C1 [Zhu, J. Y.; Gleisner, Rolland] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Zhu, Wenyuan] S China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [OBryan, Patricia; Dien, Bruce S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. [Tian, Shen] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhu, J. Y.; Pan, X. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Zhu, JY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM jzhu@fs.fed.us RI mei, chaoqun/B-9857-2011; OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU US Forest Service; Chinese Scholarship Council; Ministry of Science and Technology of China FX We acknowledge Andy Youngblood and Tim Scott ( both US Forest Service) for harvesting trees for the study. We especially appreciate Fred Matt and Diane Dietrich ( both of the Forest Products Laboratory) for carrying out many careful analyses of carbohydrate of solids substrates and ethanol in SSF samples, respectively. The US Forest Service through the Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (2008, 2009), the Chinese Scholarship Council, and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China provided financial support to W. Zhu and S. Tian for their visiting appointments at FPL. NR 34 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 EI 1432-0614 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1355 EP 1365 DI 10.1007/s00253-009-2408-7 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 583DD UT WOS:000276652200013 PM 20072782 ER PT J AU Wong, DDWS Chan, VJ McCormack, AA Batt, SB AF Wong, Dominic D. W. S. Chan, Victor J. McCormack, Amanda A. Batt, Sarah B. TI A novel xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase: biochemical properties and inhibition studies SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase; Endo-xyloglucanase; Xyloglucanase gene; Xyloglucanase characterization ID END-SPECIFIC CELLOBIOHYDROLASE; CELL-WALLS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CELLULOSE SURFACES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; STRUCTURAL BASIS; ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE; CLONING; ENZYME; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB A novel xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase gene (xeg5A) was isolated, cloned, and expressed in Esherichia coli. The enzyme XEG5A consisted of a C-terminal catalytic domain and N-terminal sequence of similar to 90 amino acid residues with unknown function. The catalytic domain assumed an (alpha/beta)(8)-fold typical of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5, with the two catalytic residues Glu240 and Glu362 located on opposite sides of the surface groove of the molecule. The recombinant enzyme showed high specificity towards tamarind xyloglucan and decreasing activity towards xyloglucan oligosaccharide (HDP-XGO), carboxymethyl cellulose, and lichenan. Tamarind xyloglucan was hydrolyzed to three major fragments, XXXG, XXLG/XLXG, and XLLG. The hydrolysis followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, yielding K (m) and V (max) of 3.61 +/- 0.23 mg/ml and 0.30 +/- 0.01 mg/ml/min, respectively. However, the hydrolysis of HDP-XGO showed a decrease in the rate at high concentrations suggesting appearance of excess substrate inhibition. The addition of XXXG resulted in linear noncompetitive inhibition on the hydrolysis of tamarind xyloglucan giving a K (i) of 1.46 +/- 0.13 mM. The enzyme was devoid of transglycosylase activities. C1 [Wong, Dominic D. W. S.; Chan, Victor J.; McCormack, Amanda A.; Batt, Sarah B.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DDWS (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM dwsw@pw.usda.gov NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1007/s00253-009-2364-2 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 583DD UT WOS:000276652200023 PM 20039037 ER PT J AU Jordan, DB Wagschal, K AF Jordan, Douglas B. Wagschal, Kurt TI Properties and applications of microbial beta-D-xylosidases featuring the catalytically efficient enzyme from Selenomonas ruminantium SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE beta-Xylosidase; Protein engineering; Glycoside hydrolase; Bioenergy; GH43; Performance ID BACILLUS-HALODURANS C-125; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; COMPOST STARTER MIXTURE; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE; GEOBACILLUS-STEAROTHERMOPHILUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS AB Xylan 1,4-beta-D-xylosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of non-reducing end xylose residues from xylooligosaccharides. The enzyme is currently used in combination with beta-xylanases in several large-scale processes for improving baking properties of bread dough, improving digestibility of animal feed, production of d-xylose for xylitol manufacture, and deinking of recycled paper. On a grander scale, the enzyme could find employment alongside cellulases and other hemicellulases in hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass so that reaction product monosaccharides can be fermented to biofuels such as ethanol and butanol. Catalytically efficient enzyme, performing under saccharification reactor conditions, is critical to the feasibility of enzymatic saccharification processes. This is particularly important for beta-xylosidase which would catalyze breakage of more glycosidic bonds of hemicellulose than any other hemicellulase. In this paper, we review applications and properties of the enzyme with emphasis on the catalytically efficient beta-d-xylosidase from Selenomonas ruminantium and its potential use in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for producing biofuels. C1 [Jordan, Douglas B.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Wagschal, Kurt] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov; kurt.wagschal@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture CRIS [5325-41000-046-00, 3620-41000-118-00D] FX This work was supported by United States Department of Agriculture CRIS 5325-41000-046-00 (K.W.) and CRIS 3620-41000-118-00D (D.B.J.). The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 83 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 86 IS 6 BP 1647 EP 1658 DI 10.1007/s00253-010-2538-y PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 587BD UT WOS:000276960700005 PM 20352422 ER PT J AU Gruver, LS Weil, RR Zasada, IA Sardanelli, S Momen, B AF Gruver, Lisa Stocking Weil, Ray R. Zasada, Inga A. Sardanelli, Sandra Momen, Bahram TI Brassicaceous and rye cover crops altered free-living soil nematode community composition SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brassica; Rye; Cover crops; Dauer larvae; Tylenchidae; Nitrogen ID DAUER-INDUCING PHEROMONE; FOOD-WEB; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; FEEDING-HABITS; MATURITY INDEX; POPULATIONS; SUCCESSION AB Nematode community analysis was utilized to evaluate the biofumigant or allelopathic effects of brassicaceous and rye winter cover crops on non-target nematodes in three experiments (two sites) in Maryland. The cover crop treatments included mustard blend (Sinapis alba and Brassica juncea) 'Caliente', rapeseed (B. napus) 'Essex'/'Humus', forage radish (Raphanus sativus) 'Dichon', oilseed radish (R. sativus) 'Adagio'/'Colonel', rye (Secale cereale) 'Wheeler' and a no cover crop (winter weeds) control. Soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected two or three times per year and extracted nematodes were identified to genus or family. Nematode response parameters were genus, family, trophic group population density, and percent distribution of trophic groups in the entire nematode community divided into colonizer-persister ranks. The parameters refer only to free-living nematodes, however facultative hyphal-root hair feeding Tylenchidae were included. Cover crops had unique impacts on nematode communities, but these impacts appeared to be associated more with quality of organic matter inputs rather than biofumigation or allelopathy. Across all dates and seasons, and four to nine months after winter-kill, dormant bacterivore (dauer larvae) nematode populations in the forage radish (C/N shoots 10) plots ranged from 3.5 to 15.7 times higher (P < 0.10) than in the control plots. Plant-associate (Tylenchidae) nematodes were 4-6.5 times higher (P < 0.10) in rapeseed or rye (C/N shoots similar to 25) plots compared to the control in June of two experiments. Across experiments fungivore nematode abundance was increased in either rapeseed 'Essex' or rye compared to radishes or the control. Correlations of nematode community groups with cover crop and soil parameters suggested that dauer larvae abundance was associated with soil moisture in radish plots, and tissue quality and quantity at the time of cover crop termination was associated with nematode community response. Canonical discriminant analysis suggested that rapeseed and rye had similar effects on the nematode community composition, as did the two radish cultivars, though distinct from the effect of rye and rapeseed. Overall, results suggest that radishes stimulated a bacterial decomposition pathway. while rapeseed and rye stimulated a proportionally greater fungal-based food web. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gruver, Lisa Stocking; Weil, Ray R.; Momen, Bahram] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zasada, Inga A.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sardanelli, Sandra] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, Plant Nematol Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gruver, LS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, 1119 HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM lisagruver@hotmail.com FU Maryland Center for Agro-Ecology, Inc.; USDA SARE [LNE03-192]; Maryland Soybean Board FX Much appreciation to research farm managers, David Armentrout and Kevin Connover, and project funders: Maryland Center for Agro-Ecology, Inc., USDA SARE (Project #LNE03-192), and the Maryland Soybean Board. Thanks also to Amy Kremen for preparation of cover crop tissue samples for lab analysis. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.11.007 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 585YZ UT WOS:000276868300001 ER PT J AU Acosta-Martinez, V Dowd, SE Sun, Y Wester, D Allen, V AF Acosta-Martinez, V. Dowd, S. E. Sun, Y. Wester, D. Allen, V. TI Pyrosequencing analysis for characterization of soil bacterial populations as affected by an integrated livestock-cotton production system SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA; Pyrosequencing; Grazing; Soil management; Enzyme activities; Microbial community ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; EXTRACTION METHOD; FATTY-ACIDS; LAND-USE; DIVERSITY; BIOMASS; IDENTIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; ECOSYSTEM AB Bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA gene was used to evaluate bacterial diversity of a clay loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) after 10 years under an integrated livestock (beef)-cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production system compared to continuous cotton in a semiarid region. In the integrated system, cattle alternatively grazed a perennial warm-season grass [Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz) S.T. Blake] paddock and small grains grown in two paddocks of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow-rye (Secale cereal L.)-cotton rotation. Areas excluded from grazing in the integrated system were also evaluated. Maximum observed number of unique sequences operational taxonomic units (OTU) at 3% dissimilarity level (roughly corresponding to the species level) corresponded to 1200 and 1100 at 0-5 and 5-15 cm depths, respectively. Predominant phyla (up to 65% of abundance) at 0-5 and 5-15 cm in this soil were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Gemmatitnonadetes. Proteobacteria were predominant in soil under all components of the integrated livestock-cotton system compared to continuous cotton whereas Bacteroidetes were predominant under continuous cotton. Firmicutes (i.e., Clostridia) and Chlorofexi (i.e., Thermomicrobia) were more abundant in soil under fallow periods of the rotation compared to under cotton (Rye-Cotton-Wheat-Fallow or continuous cotton) or grass (i.e., pasture). The lowest OTUs were detected in soil under fallow periods of the rotation (Wheat-Fallow-Rye-Cotton) compared to the other treatments. Grazing effects were significant for Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Chlorofexi. Compared to the continuous cotton system, this study revealed significant changes in bacterial phyla distribution under integrated livestock-cotton systems for a semiarid soil after 10 years. Positive correlations were found between certain bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobiae and Fibrobacteres) and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase or beta-glucosaminidase. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Acosta-Martinez, V.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Dowd, S. E.; Sun, Y.] Res & Testing Labs, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Dowd, S. E.; Sun, Y.] Med Biofilm Res Inst, Lubbock, TX 79407 USA. [Allen, V.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Acosta-Martinez, V (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM veronica.acosta-martinez@ars.usda.gov NR 62 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.01.005 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 585YZ UT WOS:000276868300002 ER PT J AU Rygiewicz, PT Monleon, VJ Ingham, ER Martin, KJ Johnson, MG AF Rygiewicz, Paul T. Monleon, Vicente J. Ingham, Elaine R. Martin, Kendall J. Johnson, Mark G. TI Soil life in reconstructed ecosystems: Initial soil food web responses after rebuilding a forest soil profile for a climate change experiment SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amoebae; Atmospheric CO(2) concentration; Atmospheric temperature; Bacterial biomass; Climate change; Flagellates; Fungal biomass; Nematodes; Protozoa; Soil physical disturbance ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CONTROLLED-ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE; NITROGEN; FUNGAL; CULTIVATION; SEEDLINGS; BIOMASS; MATS AB Disrupting ecosystem components, while transferring and reconstructing them for experiments can produce myriad responses. Establishing the extent of these biological responses as the system approaches a new equilibrium allows us more reliably to emulate comparable native systems. That is, the sensitivity of analyzing ecosystem processes in a reconstructed system is improved by excluding the period when observed phenomena are primarily responses caused by establishing the experiment rather than effects of imposed treatments; achieved by determining the extent of ally pulse of activity caused by preparatory procedures. A native forest soil was physically disrupted when it was collected, sieved, and then rebuilt in lysimeters in a controlled-environment study evaluating the influence of elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration and elevated atmospheric temperature on the reconstructed soil that was planted with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) seedlings. Generally, soil food web populations responded in two phases during the exposure as indicated by preliminary evaluation of the 4.5-year dataset. Also, previous work indicated that relatively elevated soil CO(2) effluxes occurred during the first phase, suggesting that food web populations may have responded to carbon sources made available when the soil was harvested and its profile reconstructed in the lysimeters. Results are presented for bacterial and fungal biomass, numbers of protozoa and nematodes to gain insight on whether the first phase responses are attributable to the acute stress of physically disrupting the soil. We found clear relationships between changes in predator and prey populations. A prominent spike for many of the food web populations occurred the year after the climate exposures began. Except for total bacterial biomass and total fungal-hyphae biomass, overall food web responses generally were unrelated to treatments. It appears that initial food web population responses were related to increased availability of soil carbon caused by establishing the experiment. Our results provide insights into determining the length of time to maintain reconstructed forest ecosystems before responses are observed related to experimental treatments. It appears that as long as 3 years elapsed before the soil food web appeared to recover from the acute physical disturbance; 1 year of recovery prior to commencing the climate exposures to allow the soil to rest after it was reconstructed, plus approximately the first 2 years of maintaining the climate treatments. Accounting for consequences of such periods of adjustment is critical for forecasting whether comparable natural ecosystems will be net sources or sinks of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO(2). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rygiewicz, Paul T.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Monleon, Vicente J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Ingham, Elaine R.] Soil Foodweb Oregon LLC, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Martin, Kendall J.] William Paterson Univ, Dept Biol, Wayne, NJ 07470 USA. RP Rygiewicz, PT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, 200 SW 35th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM rygiewicz.paul@epamail.epa.gov OI Martin, Kendall/0000-0003-4833-4301 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX We thank Drs. R. Gibble and J. Entry for very insightful reviews of an earlier version of this document and the two anonymous reviewers provided by the journal. This research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The research described was conducted at the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, in part, through contracts 68-C4-0019 to ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., and contract 68-C6-0005 to Dynamac Corporation. It was subjected to review by the EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory's Western Ecology Division and the U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of either agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.apsoil.2010.01.006 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 585YZ UT WOS:000276868300003 ER PT J AU Spencer, DF Rejmanek, M AF Spencer, David F. Rejmanek, Marcel TI Competition between two submersed aquatic macrophytes, Potamogeton pectinatus and Potamogeton gramineus, across a light gradient SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Competition; Light ID HYDRILLA-VERTICILLATA; VALLISNERIA-AMERICANA; RESOURCE COMPETITION; MECHANISTIC APPROACH; SEASONAL GROWTH; MIXED CULTURES; DENSITY; MIXTURES; PROPAGULES; PLANTS AB Competitive abilities of Potamogeton pectinatus L and Potamogeton gramineus L were estimated using additive series experiments at across a gradient of total daily irradiance ranging from 1.2 to 9.7 mol m(-2) day(-1). Results for P. gramineus showed that its mean weight per plant was reduced more by the presence of other P. gramineus plants than by changes in the density of P. pectinatus. However, the difference was statistically significant only at the higher light levels examined. In the case of P. pectinatus, P. gramineus exerted a stronger impact on P. pectinatus plants than did other P. pectinatus plants. Coefficients representing interspecific competition were significantly greater than those representing intraspecific competition at higher light levels. These results indicate that P. gramineus was a stronger competitor when light levels were high. They further indicate that at low light levels, there was little evidence that competition was a strong force in determining either species performance. These results support a theory offered by Grime. However, it was possible to predict that P. gramineus would be a stronger competitor based on its light compensation point which was lower than the one for P. pectinatus. This demonstrates the utility of the R* approach proposed by Tilman. Aspects of both approaches may aid ecologists in understanding community structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Spencer, David F.] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rejmanek, Marcel] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Spencer, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Dept Plant Sci, MS 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dfspencer@ucdavis.edu NR 62 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 92 IS 4 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2010.01.001 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 583TP UT WOS:000276703100003 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ AF Loeb, Marcia J. TI FACTORS AFFECTING PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF LEPIDOPTERAN MIDGUT STEM CELLS SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; IN-VITRO; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GROWTH-FACTOR; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; ENDOCRINE-CELLS; INSECT MIDGUT; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LARVAL MIDGUT AB Midgut stem cells of last instar larvae and pupae of Heliothis virescens, Lymantria dispar and several other Lepidopteran species have been cultured in vitro and have been induced to proliferate using low titers of ecdysteroids and the 77-Kda peptide fragment, alpha-arylphorin, isolated and identified from pupal fat body tissue. The insulin-related hormone, Bombyxin, also induced mitosis in cultured midgut stem cells; it appeared to be fast-acting and quickly inactivated, while alpha-arylphorin was slower to act and had a longer lasting effect in vitro, indicating different functions for these proliferation agents. Changes in Calcium ion concentration within or outside the cells discretely affected stem cell differentiation, indicating a role for second messenger participation in peptide regulation of this process. Four different peptides (MDFs 1-4) that induced midgut stem cells to differentiate to mature midgut cell types in vitro were isolated and characterized from conditioned media and hemolymph of H. virescens and L. dispar. However, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) from vertebrate sources induced differentiation to non-midgut cell types as well. MDF1 was located in basal areas of columnar cells of midgut epithelium, although MDF2 was observed in all of the cytoplasm of columnar cells and in droplets of antibody positive material in the midgut lumen, suggesting a digestive function as well for this peptide. Anti-MDF-3 stained the central areas of cultured midgut columnar cells and the bases of columnar cells of midgut epithelium in vivo. Midgut secretory cells stained with anti-MDF-4; streams of MFD-4-positive material were observed extending from secretory cells facing the epithelial lumen, and as a layer on the hemolymph-facing side, suggesting an endocrine or paracrine function for this or an immunologically similar peptide. Published 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(dagger) C1 [Loeb, Marcia J.] USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), 6920 Fairfax Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM geo.mar2@verizon.net NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 17 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1002/arch.20349 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 644SG UT WOS:000281399200001 PM 20422716 ER PT J AU Gundersen-Rindal, DE Pedroni, MJ AF Gundersen-Rindal, D. E. Pedroni, M. J. TI Larval stage Lymantria dispar microRNAs differentially expressed in response to parasitization by Glyptapanteles flavicoxis parasitoid SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILKWORM BOMBYX-MORI; POLYDNAVIRUS GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs and causing cleavage or translation blockage. miRNAs induced after parasitization of the lepidopteran host Lymantria dispar by the parasitoid wasp Glyptapanteles flavicoxis, which introduces a polydnavirus and other parasitoid factors, were examined to identify induced miRNAs that might regulate host genes and contribute to host immunosuppression and other effects. miRNA profiling of parasitized larval hemocytes versus non-parasitized ones by microarray hybridization to mature insect and virus miRNAs identified 27 differentially expressed miRNAs after parasitization. This was confirmed by real-time relative qPCR for insect miRNAs (dme-mir-1, -8, -14, -184, -276, -277, -279, -289, -let-7) using miRNA-specific TaqMan (TM) assays. Certain cellular miRNAs were differentially expressed in larval tissues, such as the potentially developmentally linked mir-277, signifying a need for functional studies. C1 [Gundersen-Rindal, D. E.; Pedroni, M. J.] ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gundersen-Rindal, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dawn.gundersen-rindal@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 155 IS 5 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0616-1 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 589PP UT WOS:000277164900019 PM 20309713 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK Wu, G Wang, D Bayles, DO Lager, KM Vincent, AL AF Cheung, Andrew K. Wu, Guang Wang, David Bayles, Darrell O. Lager, Kelly M. Vincent, Amy L. TI Identification and molecular cloning of a novel porcine parvovirus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Parvovirinae; Porcine parvovirus; Phylogeny ID NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; BOVINE PARVOVIRUS; HUMAN TISSUES; MINUTE VIRUS; SEQUENCE; DNA; REPLICATION; PHYLOGENIES; DISCOVERY; TERMINI AB A novel porcine parvovirus, PPV4, was identified in the lung lavage of a diseased pig coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2. This virus exhibits limited similarity to its closest relative, bovine parvovirus 2, but resembles viruses of the genus Bocavirus (bovine parvovirus, canine minute virus and human bocavirus) that encode an additional ORF3. The ORF3 of PPV4 is predicted to encode a protein of 204 amino acid residues, which is similar in size to the ORF3-encoded proteins of the bocaviruses. Whereas the ORF3-encoded proteins of bocaviruses share significant similarity with each other, the PPV4 ORF3 encoded protein does not exhibit homology with any protein in the GenBank non-redundant database. C1 [Cheung, Andrew K.; Lager, Kelly M.; Vincent, Amy L.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Wu, Guang; Wang, David] Washington Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Wu, Guang; Wang, David] Washington Univ, Dept Pathol & Immunol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Bayles, Darrell O.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM andrew.cheung@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 58 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 155 IS 5 BP 801 EP 806 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0646-8 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 589PP UT WOS:000277164900022 PM 20339886 ER PT J AU Delgado-Lista, J Perez-Martinez, P Perez-Jimenez, F Garcia-Rios, A Fuentes, F Marin, C Gomez-Luna, P Camargo, A Parnell, LD Ordovas, JM Lopez-Miranda, J AF Delgado-Lista, Javier Perez-Martinez, Pablo Perez-Jimenez, Francisco Garcia-Rios, Antonio Fuentes, Francisco Marin, Carmen Gomez-Luna, Purificacion Camargo, Antonio Parnell, Laurence D. Ordovas, Jose Maria Lopez-Miranda, Jose TI ABCA1 Gene Variants Regulate Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Men SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; ATP-binding cassette transporters; lipids; postprandial state; triglycerides ID ATP-BINDING CASSETTE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HDL CHOLESTEROL; TANGIER-DISEASE; TRANSPORTER 1; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; COMMON POLYMORPHISMS; EXON-1 VARIANT AB Objective-Genetic variants of ABCA1, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, have been linked to altered atherosclerosis progression and fasting lipid concentration, mainly high-density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A1; however, results from different studies have been inconsistent. Methods and Results-To further characterize the effects of ABCA1 variants in human postprandial lipid metabolism, we studied the influence of 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (i27943 [rs2575875]; i48168 [rs4149272]; R219K [rs2230806]) in the postprandial lipemia of 88 normolipidemic young men who were given a fatty meal. For i27943 and i48168 single nucleotide polymorphisms, fasting and postprandial values of apolipoprotein A1 were higher and postprandial lipemia was much lower in homozygotes for the major alleles, total triglycerides in plasma, and large triglyceride-rich lipoprotein triglycerides. These persons also showed a higher apolipoprotein A1/apolipoprotein B ratio. Major allele homozygotes for i48168 and i27943 showed additionally higher high-density lipoproteins and lower postprandial apolipoprotein B. Conclusion-Our work shows that major allele homozygotes for ABCA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms i27943 and i48168 have a lower postprandial response as compared to minor allele carriers. This finding may further characterize the role of ABCA1 in lipid metabolism. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:1051-1057.) C1 [Lopez-Miranda, Jose] Univ Cordoba, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Inst Maimonides Invest Biomed Cordoba IMIBIC, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit,Serv Med Interna, Cordoba 14004, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr CIBEROBN, Cordoba, Spain. [Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovas, Jose Maria] Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Lopez-Miranda, J (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Inst Maimonides Invest Biomed Cordoba IMIBIC, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Unit,Serv Med Interna, Edificio Consultas Externas,2 Planta, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM jlopezmir@uco.es RI Camargo, Antonio/G-9720-2015; OI Camargo, Antonio/0000-0002-0415-4184; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; FUENTES JIMENEZ, FRANCISCO/0000-0002-4584-7366; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU Consejeria de Innovacion, proyectos de Investigacion de Excelencia Junta de Andalucia [AGR 05/00922, P06-CTS-01425]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [AGL-2006-01979/ALI]; NIH [R01 DK075030, R01 HL054776] FX This work has been supported by Consejeria de Innovacion, proyectos de Investigacion de Excelencia Junta de Andalucia (AGR 05/00922 to Dr Perez-Jimenez and P06-CTS-01425 to Dr Lopez-Miranda) and Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (AGL-2006-01979/ALI to Dr Lopez-Miranda) and NIH grants R01 DK075030 and R01 HL054776 to Dr. Ordovas. CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion is an initiative of ISCIII, government of Spain. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1051 EP 1057 DI 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.202580 PG 7 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 583LP UT WOS:000276677700023 PM 20185793 ER PT J AU Russo, GT Horvath, KV Di Benedetto, A Giandalia, A Cucinotta, D Asztalos, B AF Russo, Giuseppina T. Horvath, Kathleen V. Di Benedetto, Antonino Giandalia, Annalisa Cucinotta, Domenico Asztalos, Bela TI Influence of menopause and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism on lipid profile and HDL subpopulations distribution in women with and without type 2 diabetes SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE HDL subpopulations; CETP; Diabetes; Women; Menopause ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PLASMA; RISK; ASSOCIATION; GENE; MELLITUS; MEN AB The common TaqIB variant in the gene coding for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a key enzyme in reverse cholesterol transport, has been associated with higher HDL-C levels and with a more atheroprotective HDL subpopulations profile. Similar information are lacking in women with diabetes. The effect of menopause and the CETP polymorphism on lipid, lipoprotein profile, as well as on apoA-I-containing HDL subclasses distribution, as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, was examined in a group of women with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetic women showed a less atheroprotective lipid and HDL subpopulations pro. le, with lower levels of the large alpha-1 (P = 0.006), alpha-2 (P = 0.005), and pre alpha-1 (P = 0.02), and higher concentration of the small alpha-3 HDL particles (P = 0.02) as compared to controls, independently from menopause, HDL-C and triglycerides concentrations. CETP TaqIB genotype distribution was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and comparable in the two groups, but the effect of CETP polymorphism was limited to diabetic women. In this group, the CETP variant showed significant interactions with HOMA(IR) (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001), and triglycerides (P < 0.00001), with significantly higher HDL-C levels and a more protective HDL subpopulations pro. le in B2 allele carriers with lower HOMA(IR), BMI or triglycerides levels. At multivariate analysis, CETP polymorphism, apoA-I, triglycerides and BMI were independent determinants of HDL-C concentration in diabetic women; apo-A-I, triglycerides, age and creatinine in controls. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile; the CETP TaqIB variant may partly prevent these modifications in diabetic women with a milder degree of insulin resistance and its related disorders. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Russo, Giuseppina T.; Di Benedetto, Antonino; Giandalia, Annalisa; Cucinotta, Domenico] Univ Messina, Dept Internal Med, I-98100 Messina, Italy. [Horvath, Kathleen V.; Asztalos, Bela] Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Russo, GT (reprint author), Policlin Univ G Martino, Dept Internal Med, Via C Valeria, I-98124 Messina, Italy. EM giuseppina.russo@unime.it RI Di Benedetto, Antonino/H-9703-2012; cucinotta, domenico/F-4832-2014 OI Di Benedetto, Antonino/0000-0003-4093-5655; NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAY PY 2010 VL 210 IS 1 BP 294 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.011 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 588PR UT WOS:000277085300049 PM 20006332 ER PT J AU Montes, F Hafner, SD Rotz, CA Mitloehner, FM AF Montes, Felipe Hafner, Sasha D. Rotz, C. Alan Mitloehner, Frank M. TI Temperature and air velocity effects on ethanol emission from corn silage with the characteristics of an exposed silo face SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Volatile organic compounds; Ethanol; Ozone precursor; Silage; Farm emissions ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DAIRY; QUANTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; DEPENDENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from agricultural sources are believed to be an important contributor to tropospheric ozone in some locations. Recent research suggests that silage is a major source of VOCs emitted from agriculture, but only limited data exist on silage emissions Ethanol is the most abundant VOC emitted from corn silage: therefore, ethanol was used as a representative compound to characterize the pattern of emission over time and to quantify the effect of air velocity and temperature on emission rate. Ethanol emission was measured from corn silage samples removed intact from a bunker silo Emission rate was monitored over 12 h for a range in air velocity (0 05, 0.5, and 5 m s(-1)) and temperature (5, 20, and 35 degrees C) using a wind tunnel system. Ethanol flux ranged from 047 to 210 g m(-2) h(-1) and 12 h cumulative emission ranged from 8.5 to 260 g m(-2). Ethanol flux was highly dependent on exposure time, declining rapidly over the first hour and then continuing to decline more slowly over the duration of the 12 h trials. The 12 h cumulative emission increased by a factor of three with a 30 degrees C increase in temperature and by a factor of nine with a 100-fold increase in air velocity. Effects of air velocity, temperature, and air-filled porosity were generally consistent with a conceptual model of VOC emission from silage Exposure duration, temperature, and air velocity should be taken into consideration when measuring emission rates of VOCs from silage, so emission rate data obtained from studies that utilize low air flow methods are not likely representative of field conditions Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Montes, Felipe; Hafner, Sasha D.; Rotz, C. Alan] USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16082 USA. [Mitloehner, Frank M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Montes, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16082 USA. RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU National Milk Producers Federation; US Department of Agriculture (USDA) FX This research was funded by the National Milk Producers Federation and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Curtis Dell, USDA-ARS, assisted with the gas chromatography analysis. Eileen Wheeler and Pat Topper, The Pennsylvania State University, assisted with the instrumentation used to measure emissions. James Vrentas and Durland Shumway, The Pennsylvania State University, provided guidance on data analysis. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 44 IS 16 BP 1987 EP 1995 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.037 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 599RR UT WOS:000277931300006 ER PT J AU Filatova, LY Becker, SC Donovan, DM Gladilin, AK Klyachko, NL AF Filatova, Lyubov Yu. Becker, Stephen C. Donovan, David M. Gladilin, Alexander K. Klyachko, Natalia L. TI LysK, the enzyme lysing Staphylococcus aureus cells: Specific kinetic features and approaches towards stabilization SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article DE Bacteriophage peptidoglycan hydrolase; Thermal inactivation of recombinant; enzyme; LysK endolysin; Staphylococci; Enzyme stabilization ID BACTERIOPHAGE ENDOLYSINS; LYSOSTAPHIN AB LysK, the enzyme lysing cells of Staphylococcus aureus, can be considered as perspective antimicrobial agent. Knowledge of LysK properties and behavior would allow optimizing conditions of its storage as well as formulating strategy towards its stabilization. Reaction of LysK with substrate (suspension of autoclaved Staphylococcus aureus cells) has been found to be adequately described by the two-stage Michaelis-Menten kinetic scheme. Ionization of the enzyme and enzyme substrate complex is important for revealing catalytic activity, which is controlled by two ionogenic groups with pK 6.0 and 9.6. Ionization energy of the group with pK 6.0 is of 30 kJ/mol, thus, pointing out on His residue; pK 9.6 might be attributed to metal ion or metal-bound water molecule. At temperatures lower than 40 C, LysK stability depends on its concentration, pH and presence of low molecular weight additives. Results of electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions as well as sedimentation analysis strongly suggest that aggregation is behind LysK inactivation. Decrease in the enzyme concentration, as well as addition of low molecular mass polyols (glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose) and Ca(2+) cations resulted in an enhanced (more than 100 times) stability of LysK. Dramatic stability decline observed in a narrow temperature range (40-42 degrees C) was accompanied by changes in LysK secondary structure as confirmed by CD spectroscopy studies. According to computer modeling data, Cys and His residues and metal cation might play a crucial role for LysK catalytic activity. Our data on the enzyme activity in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and different metal cations confirmed the importance of metal cation in LysK catalysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Filatova, Lyubov Yu.; Gladilin, Alexander K.; Klyachko, Natalia L.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Chem, Dept Chem Enzymol, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Becker, Stephen C.; Donovan, David M.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Klyachko, NL (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Chem, Dept Chem Enzymol, Vorobievy Gory 1-11, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM Klyachko@enzyme.chem.msu.ru RI Klyachko, Natalia/J-9512-2013 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD MAY PY 2010 VL 92 IS 5 BP 507 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.01.026 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 597YK UT WOS:000277798300009 PM 20144680 ER PT J AU Donner, DM Ribic, CA Probst, JR AF Donner, Deahn M. Ribic, Christine A. Probst, John R. TI Patch dynamics and the timing of colonization-abandonment events by male Kirtland's Warblers in an early succession habitat SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Patch colonization; Patch abandonment; Rate of habitat turnover; Population size; Kirtland's Warbler; Patch occupancy ID NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN; METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; CONSPECIFIC ATTRACTION; LANDSCAPE ECOSYSTEMS; BREEDING GROUNDS; SITTA-EUROPAEA; BIRDS; POPULATION; DISTURBANCE; SELECTION AB Habitat colonization and abandonment affects the distribution of a species in space and time, ultimately influencing the duration of time habitat is used and the total area of habitat occupied in any given year. Both aspects have important implications to long-term conservation planning. The importance of patch isolation and area to colonization-extinction events is well studied, but little information exists on how changing regional landscape structure and population dynamics influences the variability in the timing of patch colonization and abandonment events. We used 26 years of Kirtland's Warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) population data taken during a habitat restoration program (1979-2004) across its historical breeding range to examine the influence of patch attributes and temporal large-scale processes, specifically the rate of habitat turnover and fraction of occupied patches, on the year-to-year timing of patch colonization and abandonment since patch origin. We found the timing of patch colonization and abandonment was influenced by patch and large-scale regional factors. In this system, larger patches were typically colonized earlier (i.e., at a younger age) and abandoned later than smaller patches. Isolated patches (i.e., patches farther from another occupied patch) were generally colonized later and abandoned earlier. Patch habitat type affected colonization and abandonment: colonization occurred at similar patch ages between plantation and wildfire areas (9 and 8.5 years, respectively), but plantations were abandoned at earlier ages (13.9 years) than wildfire areas (16.4 years) resulting in shorter use. As the fraction of occupied patches increased, patches were colonized and abandoned at earlier ages. Patches were abandoned at older ages when the influx of new habitat patches was at low and high rates. Our results provide empirical support for the temporal influence of patch dynamics (i.e., patch destruction, creation, and succession) on local colonization and extinction processes that help explain large-scale patterns of habitat occupancy. Results highlight the need for practitioners to consider the timing of habitat restoration as well as total amount and spatial arrangement of habitat to sustain populations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Donner, Deahn M.; Probst, John R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. [Ribic, Christine A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Wisconsin Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Donner, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54529 USA. EM ddonnerwright@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service Northern Research Station FX This study was supported by the US Forest Service Northern Research Station. We thank Carol Bocetti, Elaine Carlson, Dave Ewert, Dan Kashian, Dave King, Phil Huber, Steve Sjogren, Jerry Weinrich, Jeff Walters, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments on previous versions of the manuscript. We are also indebted to Elaine Carlson and Keith Kintigh with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, and Phil Huber with the Huron-Manistee National Forest for their guidance and assistance with historical data. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 59 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1167 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.023 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 606LY UT WOS:000278427700017 ER PT J AU Berner, DK AF Berner, D. K. TI BLUP, a new paradigm in host-range determination SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE BLUP; Biological control agents; Classical biological control; Disease prediction; Henderson's mixed model equations; Host-range testing; Insects, invasive weeds; MME; Non-target damage prediction; Plant pathogens ID LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; BREEDING VALUES; RUSSIAN THISTLE; SPECIFICITY; RELATIVES; SALSOLAE; RECORDS; PLANTS; MODEL AB The centrifugal phylogenetic method has been the basis of selection of non-target plants to test for specificity of biological control agents for the last 35 years. In the last decade there has been increased attention paid to modernizing the approach and basing selection of test plants on molecular phylogeny rather than taxonomic classification. Recently mixed model equations (MME) and best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) were used to determine the probable host-range of two plant pathogens proposed for classical biological control of Russian thistle. BLUPs were derived with the MME by incorporating disease ratings, variances, and relationship matrices computed from genetic (DNA) distances among plant species related to Russian thistle. Although this work focused on evaluating disease severity on related plant species, the MME can be used with any biological weed control agent or target as long as the evaluation criterion is quantitative (or appropriately transformed) and variances and molecular genetic relationships among test species can be obtained. Moreover, since BLUPs can be generated for species with no observed data, the MME are ideally suited to both evaluation of test plant species and construction of test plant lists based on molecular phylogenetic relationships and reactions of the species to the biological control agent. Many biological control practitioners may be unfamiliar with this methodology. The objectives of this manuscript are to familiarize biological control researchers and regulators with some of the requirements and advantages of the MME and the use of the MME to construct test plant lists. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Berner, DK (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM dana.berner@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.01.011 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 572DB UT WOS:000275806200001 ER PT J AU Sevillano, L Horvitz, CC Pratt, PD AF Sevillano, Lucero Horvitz, Carol C. Pratt, Paul D. TI Natural enemy density and soil type influence growth and survival of Melaleuca quinquenervia seedlings SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Boreioglycaspis melaleucae; Herbivory compensation; Insect density; Interaction effects; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Oxyops vitiosa; Soil type ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; OXYOPS-VITIOSA COLEOPTERA; INVASIVE TREE; SOUTH FLORIDA; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; INTRODUCED INSECTS; FIELD COLONIZATION; PLANT TOLERANCE; MIMOSA-PIGRA; CAV. BLAKE AB Multiple insects are commonly introduced as biological control agents to reduce the performance of invasive plants. Little is known about the species-specific contributions of co-existing agents, and about the effects of insect density on the control of invasive plants. Several agents are expected to strengthen the control. The effects of insect type, density, and soil type on seedling survival and growth of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia were investigated in Florida. The biological control agents are Oxyops vitiosa (weevil) and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (psyllid). A three-way factorial shade-house experiment was conducted, manipulating weevil density (zero/low/high), psyllid density (zero/low/high), and soil type (organic/sandy). Only high densities of one or both insects combined consistently reduced plant survival or growth; low densities did not. Overall, psyllids had stronger effects than weevils and for some performance parameters, the effects of one insect depended not only on its density but also on the density of the other insect. Interaction effects between insects were sometimes positive (i.e. seedling survival was lowest when both insects were in high densities). In other cases, high densities of only one agent were enough to reduce plant growth. Plants perform better on organic soils than on sandy soils. Weevils were more effective in reducing biomass on organic soils, while psyllids were more effective in reducing survival on sandy soils. Seedlings compensated for damage by producing more leaves, with the highest standing leaf crop at intermediate insect densities. These results show that the effectiveness of biological control on M. quinquenervia seedlings varies with insect species and depends upon insect density and soil type. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Sevillano, Lucero; Horvitz, Carol C.] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Pratt, Paul D.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Sevillano, L (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Biol, 1301 Mem Dr,Rm 190, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM lucero_sevillano@bio.miami.edu FU Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS [58-6629-4-232]; C.H. at the University of Miami; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT-Mexico) FX We thank Steven J. Franks, Svata Louda, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of the paper. We also thank Deah Lieurance, Robyn Chiarelli, and Sigfredo Gonzalez for assistance with insect rearing and experimental set-up. Undergraduate biology students from the University of Miami were actively involved during the experimental set-up, insect rearing, and data collection. This research was supported by Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6629-4-232 between the Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, and C.H. at the University of Miami and by a Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT-Mexico) fellowship to L. S. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2010 VL 53 IS 2 BP 168 EP 177 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.01.006 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 572DB UT WOS:000275806200004 ER PT J AU Walter, AJ Venette, RC Kells, SA AF Walter, A. J. Venette, R. C. Kells, S. A. TI Acceptance and suitability of novel trees for Orthotomicus erosus, an exotic bark beetle in North America SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean pine engraver; Invasion biology; Establishment; Host range expansion; Novel host association; Pinaceae ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE COLEOPTERA; HOST SELECTION BEHAVIOR; OVIPOSITION PREFERENCES; CRUCIFEROUS FOODPLANTS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; PIERID BUTTERFLIES; IPS-PARACONFUSUS; GYPSY-MOTH; SCOLYTIDAE; PINE AB To predict whether an herbivorous pest insect will establish in a new area, the potential host plants must be known. For invading bark beetles, adults must recognize and accept trees suitable for larval development. The preference-performance hypothesis predicts that adults will select host species that maximize the fitness of their offspring. We tested five species of North American conifers and one angiosperm for adult acceptance and suitability for reproduction of the Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston). Red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton, and white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, were accepted by adult beetles and suitable for reproduction to the extent of adult replacement. Others, such as balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., eastern hemlock, Tsuga canagensis (L.) CarriSre, and tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch, were acceptable but unsuitable. The presence of tree species that are acceptable to adults but unsuitable for reproduction may affect the ability of O. erosus to establish across North America. C1 [Walter, A. J.; Kells, S. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Venette, R. C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, 219 Hodson Hall,1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rvenette@fs.fed.us RI Walter, Abigail/F-5574-2012 OI Walter, Abigail/0000-0003-1388-3706 FU University of Minnesota College of Food, Agriculture; Natural Resource Sciences Global Change Fellowship; USDA Forest Service [04-CR-11231300-065] FX We would like to thank S. J. Seybold at the Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service for his helpful advice on this project and for supplying beetles, T. O'Brien at the Grand Rapids Northern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota for assistance in obtaining trees, and the MAES/MDA Containment Facility. Further assistance was provided by M. Eaton, A. Klein, M. Lewis, and G. Reynolds. The manuscript was improved by the critical reviews of J. C. Lee, K. F. Raffa, S. J. Seybold and an anonymous reviewer. This research was funded by the University of Minnesota College of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Sciences Global Change Fellowship to AJW and the USDA Forest Service agreement number 04-CR-11231300-065. NR 66 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 EI 1573-1464 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAY PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1144 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9531-3 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 581GK UT WOS:000276509400018 ER PT J AU Carter, M Smith, M Harrison, R AF Carter, Maureen Smith, Michael Harrison, Richard TI Genetic analyses of the Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Anoplophora glabripennis), in North America, Europe and Asia SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; Asian longhorned beetle; Invasive species; Mitochondrial DNA; Microsatellite loci ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; UNITED-STATES; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MOTSCHULSKY COLEOPTERA; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; INTEGRATED SOFTWARE; DENDROCTONUS-VALENS; WOODY-PLANTS; POPULATIONS; INFERENCE AB The Asian longhorned beetle, (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)), is endemic to China and Korea and an important invasive insect in North America and Europe. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequence data of invasive populations of A. glabripennis in North America and Europe, and microsatellite allele frequency data of beetles from North America. We show that populations in New York City and Long Island NY; New Jersey, Chicago, IL, and Toronto, Canada have limited genetic diversity compared to populations in China. In addition, the data suggest that separate introduction events were responsible for many of the populations in North America and for European populations in Austria, France, Germany and Italy. Populations on Long Island, NY are suspected to have been initiated by the transport of cut wood from New York City. A. glabripennis beetles found in Jersey City, NJ appear to be derived from an expansion of the New York City, NY population, whereas beetles found in Linden, NJ are an expansion from the Carteret, NJ population. Limited genetic diversity did not stop this invasive insect from establishing damaging populations in North America. Founders of introduced A. glabripennis populations in North America and Europe are likely derived from populations in China that are themselves invasive, rendering difficult the identification of source populations. Invasiveness in an insect's natural range could be an important predictor of potential pest status of introduced populations. C1 [Carter, Maureen] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Smith, Michael] ARS, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Carter, M (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM mec8@cornell.edu FU Cornell University; USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement [58-1926-6-606] FX We thank A. Liang for technical assistance. K. Loeffler assisted in the preparation of figures. We are grateful to the following people for providing specimens for analysis: A. Sawyer, M. Keena, E. Richard Hoebeke, J. Liebherr, F. Herard, C. Tomiczek, S. Lingafelter, B. Emens and D. Lance. USDA-APHIS provided some supplies for this work. This work was supported by a gift from Howard P. Milstein and Leonard Litwin to Cornell University and USDA Specific Cooperative Agreement #58-1926-6-606 to Richard Harrison and Michael Smith. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive and helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 85 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD MAY PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1182 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9538-9 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 581GK UT WOS:000276509400021 ER PT J AU Jones, G Loeffler, D Calkin, D Chung, W AF Jones, Greg Loeffler, Dan Calkin, David Chung, Woodam TI Forest treatment residues for thermal energy compared with disposal by onsite burning: Emissions and energy return SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass energy; Bioenergy; Emissions; Carbon emissions; Greenhouse gases; GHG; Logging residues; Woody biomass; Forestry ID UNITED-STATES; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; MANAGEMENT; BIOMASS; TREES; WOOD AB Mill residues from forest industries are the source for most of the current wood-based energy in the US, approximately 2.1% of the nation's energy use in 2007. Forest residues from silvicultural treatments, which include limbs, tops, and small non-commercial trees removed for various forest management objectives, represent an additional source of woody biomass for energy. We spatially analyzed collecting, grinding, and hauling forest residue biomass on a 515,900 ha area in western Montana, US, to compare the total emissions of burning forest residues in a boiler for thermal energy with the alternatives of onsite disposal by pile-burning and using either natural gas or #2 distillate oil to produce the equivalent amount of useable energy. When compared to the pile-burn/fossil fuel alternatives, carbon dioxide emissions from the bioenergy alternative were approximately 60%, methane emissions were approximately 3%, and particulate emissions less than 10 pm were 11% and 41%, respectively, for emission control and no-control boilers. Emissions from diesel consumption for collecting, grinding, and hauling biomass represented less than 5% of the total bioenergy emissions at an average haul distance of 136 km. Across the study area, an average 21 units of bioenergy were produced for each unit of diesel energy used to collect, grind, and haul biomass. Fossil fuel energy saved by the bioenergy alternative relative to the pile-burn/fossil fuel alternatives averaged 14.7-15.2 GJ. t(-1) of biomass. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jones, Greg; Calkin, David] US Forest Serv, Human Dimens Sci Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Loeffler, Dan] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. [Chung, Woodam] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RP Jones, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Human Dimens Sci Program, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, POB 7669,200 E Broadway St, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM jgjones@fs.fed.us; drloeffler@fs.fed.us; decalkin@fs.fed.us; woodam.chung@umontana.edu RI Calkin, David/F-4727-2014 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 737 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.01.016 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 599MW UT WOS:000277918300016 ER PT J AU Shuai, L Yang, Q Zhu, JY Lu, FC Weimer, PJ Ralph, J Pan, XJ AF Shuai, L. Yang, Q. Zhu, J. Y. Lu, F. C. Weimer, P. J. Ralph, J. Pan, X. J. TI Comparative study of SPORL and dilute-acid pretreatments of spruce for cellulosic ethanol production SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SPORL pretreatment; Dilute-acid pretreatment; Enzymatic saccharification; Fermentation; Lignin ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; HYBRID POPLAR; CORN STOVER; SOFTWOOD; BIOFUELS; LIGNIN; SACCHARIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES; SUBSTRATE AB The performance of two pretreatment methods, sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) and dilute acid (DA), was compared in pretreating softwood (spruce) for fuel ethanol production at 180 degrees C for 30 min with a sulfuric acid loading of 5% on oven-dry wood and a 5:1 liquor-to-wood ratio. SPORL was supplemented with 9% sodium sulfite (w/w of wood). The recoveries of total saccharides (hexoses and pentoses) were 87.9% (SPORL) and 56.7% (DA), while those of cellulose were 92.5% (SPORL) and 77.7% (DA). The total of known inhibitors (furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and formic, acetic and levulinic acids) formed in SPORL were only 35% of those formed in DA pretreatment. SPORL pretreatment dissolved approximately 32% of the lignin as lignosulfonate, which is a potential high-value co-product. With an enzyme loading of 15 FPU (filter paper units) per gram of cellulose, the cellulose-to-glucose conversion yields were 91% at 24 h for the SPORL substrate and 55% at 48 h for the DA substrate, respectively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lu, F. C.; Ralph, J.; Pan, X. J.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Weimer, P. J.] US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Pan, XJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xpan@wisc.edu RI mei, chaoqun/B-9857-2011; Shuai, Li/B-2342-2015 FU USDA FX The support of this work is provided by USDA Forest Service's biomass program (2008) to J.Y. Zhu and X.J. Pan and partially by Graduate School of the University of Wisconsin-Madison to X.J. Pan. The authors thank R. Gleisner and D. Mann for their assistance in operating digester for the pretreatments. We thank the US Dairy Forage Research Center for the NMR access. NR 38 TC 106 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 101 IS 9 BP 3106 EP 3114 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.044 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 561JN UT WOS:000274972600028 PM 20061141 ER PT J AU Dao, TH Schwartz, RC AF Dao, Thanh H. Schwartz, Robert C. TI Mineralizable phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon relationships in dairy manure at various carbon-to-phosphorus ratios SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Manure nutrients; Mineralization-immobilization; Carbon-to-phosphorus ratio; Enzyme-labile organic phosphorus; Linked carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus; mineralization ID ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; BIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; WASTE-WATER; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; ANIMAL MANURE; PHYTIC-ACID; SOIL; WETLAND; SWINE AB Phosphorus (P) in animal manure can be an important nutrient for crops or an environmental contaminant if in excess. Organic P in dairy manure may add to the environmentally bioactive P pools upon mineralization. A 353 d incubation study of manures containing C:P between 83 and 130:1 was conducted to determine linkages between C and P transformations and the effects of C:P on the immobilization-mineralization of manure P. As C:P widened from 83:1 to 130: 1, P mineralization increased and phosphate accumulated at rates between 0.013 and 0.021 mg kg(-1) d(-1). Water-extractable C was positively correlated with N:P, particularly at narrow C:P (P < 0.001). Absence of a negative feedback by phosphate suggested that P mineralization occurred with degradation of organic P-containing C substrates and appeared incidental to microbial P needs. Carbon content in manure may be managed to lower risks of elevated soluble P and C losses under non-limiting N conditions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Dao, Thanh H.] USDA ARS, Environm Management & ByProd Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Schwartz, Robert C.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Management & ByProd Utilizat Lab, BARC E,Bldg 306 Powder Mill Rd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thanh.dao@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 101 IS 10 BP 3567 EP 3574 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.070 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 568YS UT WOS:000275563200037 PM 20080400 ER PT J AU Xu, QY Liu, ZS Nakajima, M Ichikawa, S Nakamura, N Roy, P Okadome, H Shiina, T AF Xu, Qingyi Liu, Zengshe Nakajima, Mitsutoshi Ichikawa, Sosaku Nakamura, Nobutaka Roy, Poritosh Okadome, Hiroshi Shiina, Takeo TI Characterization of a soybean oil-based biosurfactant and evaluation of its ability to form microbubbles SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biosurfactant; Aggregation; Surface activity; Bubble size distribution; Bubble stability ID SURFACE-PROPERTIES; STABILITY; DISSOLUTION; MECHANISM; FILMS AB This paper characterizes the physico-chemical properties of the soybean oil-based polymeric surfactant, Palozengs R-004 (hereafter referred to as R-004). The surface activity of R-004 is comparable to the reported activities of biosurfactants produced by microorganisms and higher than some of the conventional synthetic surfactants. The surface tension of Milli-Q water was reduced to a minimum value of roughly 30 mN/m at a concentration of about 0.07 wt.% R-004 exhibited a unique aggregation behavior: small aggregates (pre-micelles) were formed at very low concentrations. Zeta-potential measurements showed that the micelles of R-004 are negatively charged due to the presence of carboxylic groups. The ability of R-004 to form and stabilize microbubbles was evaluated and was found to be greatly affected by filtration while remaining independent of R-004 concentration over the concentration range studied (0.05-0.5 wt.%). These results suggest that a very low level of surfactant can be used to produce microbubbles without affecting their properties. Our results suggest the possibility of using soybean oil-based surfactants to food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Qingyi; Nakajima, Mitsutoshi; Nakamura, Nobutaka; Roy, Poritosh; Okadome, Hiroshi; Shiina, Takeo] Natl Food Res Inst, Food Engn Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Liu, Zengshe] ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Nakajima, Mitsutoshi; Ichikawa, Sosaku] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. RP Xu, QY (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Food Engn Div, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM xuqingyi@affrc.go.jp; shiina@affrc.go.jp FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan FX This research was financially supported by the Food Nanotechnology Project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 101 IS 10 BP 3711 EP 3717 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.093 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 568YS UT WOS:000275563200057 PM 20093023 ER PT J AU Venette, RC Kriticos, DJ Magarey, RD Koch, FH Baker, RHA Worner, SP Raboteaux, NNG McKenney, DW Dobesberger, EJ Yemshanov, D De Barro, PJ Hutchison, WD Fowler, G Kalaris, TM Pedlar, J AF Venette, Robert C. Kriticos, Darren J. Magarey, Roger D. Koch, Frank H. Baker, Richard H. A. Worner, Susan P. Raboteaux, Nadilia N. Gomez McKenney, Daniel W. Dobesberger, Erhard J. Yemshanov, Denys De Barro, Paul J. Hutchison, William D. Fowler, Glenn Kalaris, Tom M. Pedlar, John TI Pest Risk Maps for Invasive Alien Species: A Roadmap for Improvement SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological invasions; biosecurity; ecological niche models; climate change; pest risk assessment ID POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; ARGENTINE ANT; UNITED-STATES; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; ECOLOGY; CLIMATE; RANGE; NICHE AB Pest risk maps are powerful visual communication tools to describe where invasive alien species might arrive, establish, spread, or cause harmful impacts. These maps inform strategic and tactical pest management decisions, such as potential restrictions on international trade or the design of pest surveys and domestic quarantines. Diverse methods are available to create pest risk maps, and can potentially yield different depictions of risk for the same species. Inherent uncertainties about the biology of the invader, future climate conditions, and species interactions further complicate map interpretation. If multiple, maps are available, risk no-wagers must choose how to incorporate the various representations of risk into their decision making process, and may make significant errors if they misunderstand what each map portrays. This article describes the need for pest risk maps, compares pest risk mapping methods, and recommends future research to improve such important decision-support tools. C1 [Venette, Robert C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Venette, Robert C.; Raboteaux, Nadilia N. Gomez; Hutchison, William D.] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Kriticos, Darren J.] CSIRO, Div Entomol CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Kriticos, Darren J.] Natl Plant Biosecur, Cooperat Res Ctr, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Magarey, Roger D.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Baker, Richard H. A.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, York, N Yorkshire, England. [Worner, Susan P.] Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect Res Ctr, Lincoln, New Zealand. [McKenney, Daniel W.; Yemshanov, Denys; Pedlar, John] Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Canadian Forestry Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON, Canada. [Dobesberger, Erhard J.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [De Barro, Paul J.] CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld, Australia. [De Barro, Paul J.] CRC Natl Plant Biosecur, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Fowler, Glenn] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kalaris, Tom M.] APHIS, Plant Protect & Quarantine, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM rvenette@fs.fed.us RI De Barro, Paul/C-1724-2008; Koch, Frank/F-2002-2011; Kriticos, Darren/A-4170-2008; Worner, Susan/I-1690-2013; OI Kriticos, Darren/0000-0003-2599-8105; Worner, Susan/0000-0002-9004-6357; Koch, Frank/0000-0002-3750-4507 FU National Research Initiative of the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35605-15403] FX We wish to thank Jason Beddow, Dan Borchert, Manuel Colunga Garcia, Marla Downing, Kurt Gottschalk, Catherine Jarnevich, Kevin Porter, Trond Rafoss, Joe Russo, and Amos Ziegler for valuable contributions to discussions during the workshop and development of the pest risk mapping recommendations. We also thank Lisa Kennaway and Dan Fieselmann for their assistance in organizing the workshop. Ian Campbell, Monica Doming, Claire Jarvis, Albert Simard, Doreen Wader, and three anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier drafts of the article. We thank Kito Young for the artwork in figure 1. Contributions from R. C. V. were supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, grant number 2005-35605-15403. NR 63 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 8 U2 59 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2010 VL 60 IS 5 BP 349 EP 362 DI 10.1525/bio.2010.60.5.5 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 594OZ UT WOS:000277548300005 ER PT J AU Xu, LY Zhu, HP Ozkan, HE Thistle, HW AF Xu, Linyun Zhu, Heping Ozkan, H. Erdal Thistle, Harold W. TI Evaporation rate and development of wetted area of water droplets with and without surfactant at different locations on waxy leaf surfaces SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID ADJUVANTS; DEPOSITION; REPELLENCY; HERBICIDES; DIFFUSION; CUTICLES; SYSTEM; USA AB The evaporation and formation of deposit patterns from single droplets deposited at various locations on waxy leaves were investigated under controlled conditions. Leaf locations included the interveinal area, midrib and secondary vein on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Tests were conducted with 300 and 600 gm diameter droplets containing water and a non-ionic surfactant. The ambient temperature was 25 C and relative humidity (RH) was 60%. Evaporation time and wetted area varied with the area where the droplets were deposited on the leaf surfaces. The variation in evaporation time for 300 gm diameter droplets without surfactant on the interveinal area, midrib and secondary vein of adaxial surface was 30% whilst the variation of wetted area was 39%. The wetted area was significantly larger on the adaxial surface than on the abaxial surface but the evaporation time between both surfaces was not significantly different. For the whole leaf, the average evaporation time of 300 gm diameter droplets decreased by 44% and the average wetted area increased by 202% when 0.25% non-ionic surfactant was added to the spray solution. The total mean evaporation time increased 279% and the wetted area increased 166% without the surfactant, 452% and 229% with the surfactant when droplet diameter was increased from 300 to 600 gm. The largest deposit area was measured on the midrib of adaxial surface with added surfactant. The 300 gm diameter droplets had longer evaporation times per droplet volume and greater wetted area per droplet volume than the 600 gm diameter droplets, thereby supporting the hypothesis that increased pesticide application efficiency could be achieved by finer spray. This study also demonstrated that the ratio between spray coverage area and the amount of spray liquid required could be increased by the use of surfactants, thereby offering possibilities of reduction in spray application rates and of increase in application efficiency. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Zhu, Heping] ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. [Xu, Linyun] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, FABE, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Ozkan, H. Erdal] Ohio State Univ, FABE, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Thistle, Harold W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Zhu, HP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. EM heping.zhu@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 28 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 106 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.02.004 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 603YP UT WOS:000278244500006 ER PT J AU Vance-Chalcraft, HD Willig, MR Cox, SB Lugo, AE Scatena, FN AF Vance-Chalcraft, Heather D. Willig, Michael R. Cox, Stephen B. Lugo, Ariel E. Scatena, Frederick N. TI Relationship Between Aboveground Biomass and Multiple Measures of Biodiversity in Subtropical Forest of Puerto Rico SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE diversity; dominance; evenness; Luquillo Experimental Forest; rarity; species richness ID BISLEY EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHEDS; LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS; HURRICANE-HUGO; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; WOOD PRODUCTION; NITROGEN-CYCLE; DIVERSITY; PRODUCTIVITY AB Anthropogenic activities have accelerated the rate of global loss of biodiversity, making it more important than ever to understand the structure of biodiversity hotspots. One current focus is the relationship between species richness and aboveground biomass (AGB) in a variety of ecosystems. Nonetheless, species diversity, evenness, rarity, or dominance represent other critical attributes of biodiversity and may have associations with AGB that are markedly different than that of species richness. Using data from large trees in four environmentally similar sites in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico, we determined the shape and strength of relationships between each of five measures of biodiversity (i.e., species richness, Simpson's diversity, Simpson's evenness, rarity, and dominance) and AGB. We quantified these measures of biodiversity using either proportional biomass or proportional abundance as weighting factors. Three of the four sites had a unimodal relationship between species richness and AGB, with only the most mature site evincing a positive, linear relationship. The differences between the mature site and the other sites, as well as the differences between our richness-AGB relationships and those found at other forest sites, highlight the crucial role that prior land use and severe storms have on this forest community. Although the shape and strength of relationships differed greatly among measures of biodiversity and among sites, the strongest relationships within each site were always those involving richness or evenness. C1 [Vance-Chalcraft, Heather D.; Willig, Michael R.] Texas Tech Univ, Ecol Program, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cox, Stephen B.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Cox, Stephen B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Lugo, Ariel E.; Scatena, Frederick N.] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Jardin Bot Sur, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Scatena, Frederick N.] Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Vance-Chalcraft, HD (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM vancechalcrafth@ecu.edu RI Cox, Stephen/A-5037-2010 FU U.S.D.A. Forest Service, IITF; NSF [DEB-00805238] FX We thank M. Pena Claros and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank S. Ward for help in organizing and uncovering much of the original data and metadata. We also appreciate discussions with C. Bloch, D. Chalcraft, S. Presley, R. Stevens, and R. Waide that influenced our thinking about biodiversity. This research was supported by the U.S.D.A. Forest Service, IITF. We also acknowledge support from the Long-Term Ecological Research Program in the LEF, derived from NSF grant DEB-00805238. The original fieldwork was done in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico. NR 71 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 290 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00600.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 591GY UT WOS:000277289400004 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Panter, KE Stegelmeier, BL Lee, ST Gardner, DR AF Welch, K. D. Panter, K. E. Stegelmeier, B. L. Lee, S. T. Gardner, D. R. TI Cyclopamine-Induced Placental Dysplasia in Sheep SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Welch, K. D.; Panter, K. E.; Stegelmeier, B. L.; Lee, S. T.; Gardner, D. R.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-0752 EI 1542-0760 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 395 EP 395 PG 1 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 605AV UT WOS:000278320600133 ER PT J AU Oldrup, E McLain-Romero, J Padilla, A Moya, A Gardner, D Creamer, R AF Oldrup, Erik McLain-Romero, Jennifer Padilla, Anna Moya, Andrew Gardner, Dale Creamer, Rebecca TI Localization of endophytic Undifilum fungi in locoweed seed and influence of environmental parameters on a locoweed in vitro culture system SO BOTANY-BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Undifilum; fungal endophyte; locoweed; seed transmission ID RHIZOCTONIA-LEGUMINICOLA; INDOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; EMBELLISIA-OXYTROPIS; ALPHA-MANNOSIDASE; SOYBEAN SEEDS; SWAINSONINE; ASTRAGALUS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; POPULATIONS; INHIBITION AB Endophytic Undifilum oxytropis (Q. Wang, Nagao & Kakish) Pryor, Creamer, Shoemaker, McLain-Romero, & Hambleton found within toxic locoweeds (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.) produces the alkaloid swainsonine, which is responsible for locoism in grazing animals. We sought to determine the location of U. oxytropis within locoweed seed, develop endophyte free plants, and assess the influence of environmental stresses on locoweed and endophyte cultures. Undifilum was identified within the parenchyma layers in seeds of Astragalus lentiginosus M.E. Jones using light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Astragalus lentiginosus and Oxytropis sericea Nutt. seedlings produced in embryo culture without seed coats did not contain swainsonine or fungus. Plants produced from whole seed contained U. oxytropis in both foliage and root tissues. When the in-vitro cultured plants of O. sericea and U. oxytropis cultures were subjected to environmental stresses including high temperature, low and high pH media, nutrient deficient media, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) amended media to simulate water deficit, both dry mass and swainsonine levels were affected. Swainsonine levels were greatest for O. sericea and Undifilum cultures in PEG or hydrochloric acid amended media. Plants grown in PEG-amended media had significantly greater dry mass, while Undifilum grown in PEG-amended media had lower dry mass than other treatments. C1 [Oldrup, Erik; McLain-Romero, Jennifer; Padilla, Anna; Moya, Andrew; Creamer, Rebecca] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Gardner, Dale] ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Creamer, R (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Entomol Plant Pathol & Weed Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM creamer@nmsu.edu FU New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA-CSREES [59-5428-1-327]; NSF [NSF0123690]; NIH [GM07667-29] FX We thank Mike Ralphs (Logan, Utah) for providing loco-weed seed, advice, and encouragement. We also thank David Graham for locoweed seed. We recognize the financial support of the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA-CSREES Special Grant No. 59-5428-1-327, NSF-ADVANCE Institutional Transformation Program (NSF0123690), and the Minority Access to Research Careers program (NIH GM07667-29). NR 40 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 1916-2790 J9 BOTANY JI Botany PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 512 EP 521 DI 10.1139/B10-026 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 610KY UT WOS:000278732800008 ER PT J AU Leskey, TC Hancock, TJ Wright, SE AF Leskey, Tracy C. Hancock, Torri J. Wright, Starker E. TI Host-tree-related differences in trap captures and electroantennogram activity of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ADULT PLUM CURCULIOS; PLANT VOLATILES; APPLE; ODOR; PREFERENCE; RESPONSES; WEEVIL; ATTRACTANTS; MANAGEMENT; ORCHARDS AB The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), is a serious pest of stone and pome fruits (Rosaceae) in eastern North America. We recorded captures of adult plum curculios in the field and measured electroantennogram (EAG) activity in the laboratory associated with cultivars of four hosts, 'Formosa' Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), 'Stanley' European plum (P. domestica L.), 'Empire' apple (Mains domestica Borkh.), and 'Loring' peach (P. persica (L.) Batsch) (Rosaceae) to determine whether hosts that may be attractive to the plum curculio under field conditions also elicit positive EAG responses. Trap captures of adults on 'Formosa' plum were significantly greater than on any other host, and corresponding headspace extracts also produced strong EAG responses throughout the active season. 'Stanley' plum and 'Loring' peach, the other stone-fruit hosts included in the study, elicited strong EAG responses throughout the season, although trap captures associated with these hosts were generally not as high as for 'Formosa' plum. Throughout the season, trap captures of adults were significantly lower for 'Empire' apple than for 'Formosa' plum, and EAG responses were much lower than for all stone-fruit hosts. Our results indicate that volatiles from 'Formosa' plum likely contain uniquecompounds or are comprised of ratios of stimulating compounds that make it much more attractive to plum curculio in the field. C1 [Leskey, Tracy C.; Hancock, Torri J.; Wright, Starker E.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Leskey, TC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 2217 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM tracy.leskey@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for providing excellent recommendations on an earlier version of the manuscript. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 142 IS 3 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.4039/n09-074 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 615JH UT WOS:000279130400010 ER PT J AU Bradford, JB D'Amato, AW Palik, BJ Fraver, S AF Bradford, John B. D'Amato, Anthony W. Palik, Brian J. Fraver, Shawn TI A new method for evaluating forest thinning: growth dominance in managed Pinus resinosa stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CONTORTA VAR LATIFOLIA; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; STEMWOOD PRODUCTION; EFFICIENCY; TREES; PRODUCTIVITY; COMPETITION; PHYSIOLOGY; INCREMENT; DYNAMICS C1 [Bradford, John B.; Palik, Brian J.; Fraver, Shawn] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [D'Amato, Anthony W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Bradford, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1831 Hwy 169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. EM jbbradford@fs.fed.us RI Bradford, John/E-5545-2011 NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 40 IS 5 BP 843 EP 849 DI 10.1139/X10-039 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 595HX UT WOS:000277602400001 ER PT J AU D'Amato, AW Palik, BJ Kern, CC AF D'Amato, Anthony W. Palik, Brian J. Kern, Christel C. TI Growth, yield, and structure of extended rotation Pinus resinosa stands in Minnesota, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST FORESTS; SOUTHERN-BOREAL FOREST; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; ABIES L. KARST.; RED PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; OLD-GROWTH; PONDEROSA PINE; RADIAL GROWTH; DENSITY C1 [D'Amato, Anthony W.; Kern, Christel C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Palik, Brian J.; Kern, Christel C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP D'Amato, AW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM damato@umn.edu RI Kern, Christel/B-4847-2012 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1000 EP 1010 DI 10.1139/X10-041 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 595HX UT WOS:000277602400015 ER PT J AU Sicher, R Bunce, J Matthews, B AF Sicher, Richard Bunce, James Matthews, Benjamin TI Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Elevated CO(2); atmospheric change; photosynthate partitioning; harvest index; soybean genotypes ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; ELEVATED CO2; GLYCINE-MAX; RUBISCO ACTIVITY; LEAVES; GROWTH; YIELD; WHEAT; REGISTRATION; METABOLISM AB Sicher, R., Bunce, J. and Matthews, B. 2010. Differing responses to carbon dioxide enrichment by a dwarf and a normal-sized soybean cultivar may depend on sink capacity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 257-264. Responses to CO(2) enrichment were determined for a dwarf (MiniMax) and a normal-sized (Fiskeby) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Plants were grown in growth chambers with ambient (36 Pa) or elevated (98 Pa) CO(2) using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. Harvests for Mini Max and Fiskeby were increased 6 and 26 d, respectively, by CO(2) enrichment. At final maturity, mean biomass for Mini Max and Fiskeby was 53 and 197 g, respectively, in the ambient CO(2) treatment and these values were 48 and 199% greater, respectively, in response to CO(2) enrichment. Root development was constrained in Mini Max and, unlike Fiskeby, all of the biomass attributed to CO(2) enrichment was in the shoot. Cultivar differences were not detected for CO(2) assimilation rates, stomatal conductance or substomatal CO(2) concentrations. Foliar sucrose was 43% greater (P < 0.05) in Mini Max than in Fiskeby. Pods per plant, total seed mass per plant, seed number per plant and seed oil content were greater for Fiskeby than Mini Max. Seeds of Fiskeby were 75% greater by mass than those of Mini Max. Seed mass of Fiskeby increased about 50% in response to CO(2) enrichment, whereas Mini Max was unchanged. Root growth, seed size, seeds per pod and starch accumulation rates for Mini Max were unaffected by CO(2) enrichment. The above findings suggested that growth of the dwarf genotype under elevated CO(2) was sink limited. C1 [Sicher, Richard; Bunce, James] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Matthews, Benjamin] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sicher, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Room 342,Bldg 001,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Richard.Sicher@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 90 IS 3 BP 257 EP 264 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 602OP UT WOS:000278149000002 ER PT J AU Taboada-Gaytan, O Pollak, LM Johnson, LA Fox, SR Montgomery, KT AF Taboada-Gaytan, Oswaldo Pollak, Linda M. Johnson, Lawrence A. Fox, Steven R. Montgomery, Kevin T. TI Variation Among Physical, Compositional, and Wet-Milling Characteristics of the F-1 Generation of Corn Hybrids of Introgressed Exotic and Adapted Inbred Lines SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PILOT-PLANT; LABORATORY-SCALE; MAIZE PROJECT; VARIABILITY; GERMPLASM; OIL; REFLECTANCE; ACCESSIONS; PROTEIN; GRAIN AB Hybrids with high grain yield and higher starch, protein, or oil content are available to corn growers: however, they result from crossing adapted Corn Belt inbred lines that rarely include exotic germplasm. This study was conducted to determine whether Corn Belt lines introgressed with exotic materials from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Cuba. and Florida have appropriate wet-milling characteristics in their hybrids. Ten lines from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project with different starch contents were crossed to three adapted inbred lines used as testers. The B73xMo17 hybrid was used as a control. The F, generation of these 30 experimental hybrids was analyzed using both near-infrared transmittance (NIT) technology and a 100-g modified wet-milling procedure, and measuring test and 1,000-kernel weight. There was great variation among physical, compositional, and wet-milling characteristics of the experimental hybrids, suggesting that exotic germ plasm can be used to improve wet-milling characteristics of Corn Belt hybrids. C1 [Pollak, Linda M.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnson, Lawrence A.; Fox, Steven R.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Crops Utilizat Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Johnson, Lawrence A.; Fox, Steven R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Montgomery, Kevin T.] Montgomery Consulting, Clinton, IL 61727 USA. RP Pollak, LM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM linda.pollak@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-87-3-0175 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 616XL UT WOS:000279244700001 ER PT J AU Rohlfing, KA Pollak, LM White, PJ AF Rohlfing, Kim A. Pollak, Linda M. White, Pamela J. TI Exotic Corn Lines with Increased Resistant Starch and Impact on Starch Thermal Characteristics SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE STARCH; DIETARY FIBER; AMYLOPECTIN; GENOTYPES; ACIDS; RAT AB Ten parent corn lines, including four mutants (dull sugary2, amylose-extender sugary2, amylose-extender dull, and an amylose-extender with introgressed Guatemalen germplasm [GUAT ae]) and six lines with introgressed exotic germplasm backgrounds, were crossed with each other to create 20 progeny crosses to increase resistant starch (RS) as a dietary fiber in corn starch and to provide materials for thermal evaluation. The resistant starch 2 (RS2) values from the 10 parent lines were 18.3-52.2% and the values from the 20 progeny crosses were 16.6-34.0%. The %RS2 of parents was not additive in the offspring but greater RS2 in parents was correlated to greater RS2 in the progeny crosses (r = 0.63). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured starch thermal characteristics, revealing positive correlations of peak gelatinization temperature and change in enthalpy with %RS2 (r = 0.65 and r = 0.67, P <= 0.05); however, % retrogradation (a measure of RS3) and retrogradation parameters did not correlate with %RS2. The %RS2 and onset temperature increased with the addition of the ae gene, likely because RS delays gelatinization. C1 [Rohlfing, Kim A.; White, Pamela J.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Human Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Rohlfing, Kim A.; White, Pamela J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pollak, Linda M.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP White, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Human Sci, E262 Lagomarcino, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pjwhite@iastate.edu NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 190 EP 193 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-87-3-0190 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 616XL UT WOS:000279244700003 ER PT J AU Liu, KS AF Liu, KeShun TI Selected Factors Affecting Crude Oil Analysis of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) as Compared with Milled Corn SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; COLOR PROPERTIES; ETHANOL; EXTRACTION; QUALITY; FIBER; FAT AB With increasing production of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), both fuel ethanol and animal feed industries are demanding standardized protocols for characterizing quality. AOCS Approved Procedure (Am 5-04) was used for measuring crude oil content in milled corn and resulting DDGS. Selected factors, including sample type (milled corn, DDGS). sample origin (ethanol plant 1, 2, 3), sample particle size (original matrix, <0.71 mm. <0.50 mm mesh opening; the last two materials were obtained by grinding and sieving), solvent type (petroleum ether, hexane), extraction time (30, 60 min), and postextraction drying time (30, 60 min) were investigated by a complete factorial design. For milled corn, only sample origin and extraction time had significant effects (P < 0.05) on crude oil values measured, but for DDGS. besides those two factors, sample particle size, solvent type, and drying time also had significant effects. Among them, the particle size of DDGS had the most effect. On average, measured oil content in DDGS ranged from 11.11% (original matrix) to 12.12% (<0.71 mm) and to 12.55% (<0.50 mm). For measuring the crude oil content of DDGS, particle size reduction. 60 min of extraction. and 60 min of drying are recommended. Regardless of the underlining factors, the method was very repeatable (standard errors <0.05). The observed particle size effect on crude oil analysis of DOGS suggests the need for similar confirmations using other analytical methods, C1 USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, W Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Liu, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700, W Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Keshun.Liu@ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 87 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-87-3-0243 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 616XL UT WOS:000279244700011 ER PT J AU Morris, C AF Morris, Craig TI The Power of AACC International to Connect SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, AACC Intl, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA USA. RP Morris, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, AACC Intl, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 127 EP 127 DI 10.1094/CFW-55-3-0127 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 599HC UT WOS:000277900900001 ER PT J AU Bettge, AD Finnie, SM AF Bettge, A. D. Finnie, S. M. TI Perspectives on Wheat Quality: Why Does the Definition Keep Changing? SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 [Bettge, A. D.] USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA USA. [Finnie, S. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Food Chem & Biochem, Leuven Food Sci & Nutr Res Ctr, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RP Bettge, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA USA. EM art.bettge@ars.usda.gov; sean.finnie@biw.kuleuven.be NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 128 EP 131 DI 10.1094/CFW-55-3-0128 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 599HC UT WOS:000277900900002 ER PT J AU Miller, LC Zanella, EL Waters, WR Lager, KM AF Miller, Laura C. Zanella, Eraldo L. Waters, W. Ray Lager, Kelly M. TI Cytokine Protein Expression Levels in Tracheobronchial Lymph Node Homogenates of Pigs Infected with Pseudorabies Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUJESZKYS-DISEASE VIRUS; RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; FERAL SWINE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA VACCINE; IN-VITRO; INTERLEUKIN-18 AB Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that produces fatal encephalitis in newborn pigs, respiratory disorders in fattening pigs, and reproductive failure in sows. Following primary infection of the respiratory tract, PRV can develop into a systemic infection with dispersion of the virus via the lymphatic system that involves mononuclear cells in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs). The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the pathogenesis and to determine the early immune cytokine profiles in TBLNs following experimental infection with a feral swine PRV isolate at 1, 3, 6, and 14 days postinfection (dpi). Forty healthy pigs were purchased from a PRV-negative herd. Twenty pigs received the Florida strain isolate (FS268) of feral swine PRV intranasally, and 20 uninfected controls received a sham inoculum. Compared to the levels in the controls, the levels of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-12, and IFN-gamma were increased in TBLN homogenates from PRV-infected pigs at 1 dpi, whereas the IL-18 levels were decreased from 3 to 6 dpi. The protein levels of IL-4 and IL-10 did not differ between the controls and the PRV-infected pigs at any time point. Flow cytometric analysis of TBLN homogenates of PRV-infected pigs and the controls revealed increases in the percentages of B cells at 6 dpi, CD4(+) cells at 14 dpi, and CD25 expression in TBLN homogenates (in the total mononuclear fraction and on B cells) in the PRV-infected pigs. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a feral PRV in commercial swine can modulate the host's early immune response to allow the virus to establish an infection. C1 [Miller, Laura C.; Lager, Kelly M.] ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Zanella, Eraldo L.] Univ Passo Fundo, Fac Agron & Med Vet, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. [Waters, W. Ray] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, LC (reprint author), ARS, Virus & Prion Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM laura.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Miller, Laura/0000-0002-8946-9416 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service FX This work was supported by interagency agreement 0414701 between the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service and Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 17 IS 5 BP 728 EP 734 DI 10.1128/CVI.00485-09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 590QX UT WOS:000277243200005 PM 20219878 ER PT J AU Lebus, DK Casazza, GA Hoffman, MD Van Loan, MD AF Lebus, Daniel K. Casazza, Gretchen A. Hoffman, Martin D. Van Loan, Marta D. TI Can Changes in Body Mass and Total Body Water Accurately Predict Hyponatremia After a 161-km Running Race? SO CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dehydration; exercise; extracellular fluid; sodium; water-electrolyte imbalance ID EXERCISE-ASSOCIATED HYPONATREMIA; IRONMAN TRIATHLON; WEIGHT CHANGES; ENDURANCE EXERCISE; MARATHON RUNNERS; ULTRADISTANCE TRIATHLON; RISK-FACTORS; SODIUM; PERFORMANCE AB Objective: To relate changes in body mass, total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECF), and serum sodium concentration ([Na+]) from a 161-km ultramarathon to finish time and incidence of hyponatremia. Design: Observational. Setting: The 2008 Rio Del Lago 100-Mile (161-km) Endurance Run in Granite Bay, California. Participants: Forty-five runners. Main Outcome Measurements: Pre-race and post-race body mass, TBW, ECF, and serum [Na+]. Results: Body mass and serum [Na+] significantly decreased 2% to 3% (P < 0.001) from pre-race to post-race, but TBW and ECF were unchanged. Significant relationships were observed between finish time and percentage change in body mass (r = 0.36; P = 0.01), TBW (r = 0.50; P = 0.007), and ECF (r = 0.61; P = 0.003). No associations were found between post-race serum [Na+] and percentage change in body mass (r = -0.04; P = 0.94) or finish time (r = 0.5; P = 0.77). Hyponatremia (serum [Na+], 135 mmol/L) was present among 51.2% of finishers. Logistic regression prediction equation including pre-race TBW and percentage changes in TBW and ECF had an 87.5% concordance with the classification of hyponatremia. Conclusions: Hyponatremia occurred in over half of the 161-km ultramarathon finishers but was not predicted by change in body mass. The combination of pre-race TBW and percentage changes in TBW and ECF explained 87.5% of the variation in the incidence of hyponatremia. Clinical Significance: Exercise-associated hyponatremia can occur simultaneously with dehydration and cannot be predicted by weight checks at races. C1 [Lebus, Daniel K.; Casazza, Gretchen A.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Sports Med Program, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hoffman, Martin D.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Hoffman, Martin D.] VA No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Sacramento, CA USA. [Van Loan, Marta D.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Lebus, DK (reprint author), 7489 Rollingdell Dr, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. EM dklebus@gmail.com OI Hoffman, Martin/0000-0001-8819-5989 FU Western States Endurance Run Foundation FX Supported by the Western States Endurance Run Foundation. NR 45 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1050-642X EI 1536-3724 J9 CLIN J SPORT MED JI Clin. J. Sport Med. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 20 IS 3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181da53ea PG 7 WC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Orthopedics; Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 594XA UT WOS:000277572300006 PM 20445360 ER PT J AU Huang, YB Lan, YB Thomson, SJ Fang, A Hoffmann, WC Lacey, RE AF Huang, Yanbo Lan, Yubin Thomson, Steven J. Fang, Alex Hoffmann, Wesley C. Lacey, Ronald E. TI Development of soft computing and applications in agricultural and biological engineering SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Review DE Soft computing; Fuzzy logic; Artificial neural networks; Genetic algorithms; Crop management; Precision agriculture ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; LEAF-AREA INDEX; SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NITROGEN STRESS DETECTION; COLOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION; GENETIC-ALGORITHM; FUZZY-LOGIC; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS AB Soft computing is a set of "inexact" computing techniques, which are able to model and analyze very complex problems. For these complex problems, more conventional methods have not been able to produce cost-effective, analytical, or complete solutions. Soft computing has been extensively studied and applied in the last three decades for scientific research and engineering computing. In agricultural and biological engineering, researchers and engineers have developed methods of fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, decision trees, and support vector machines to study soil and water regimes related to crop growth, analyze the operation of food processing, and support decision-making in precision farming. This paper reviews the development of soft computing techniques. With the concepts and methods, applications of soft computing in the field of agricultural and biological engineering are presented, especially in the soil and water context for crop management and decision support in precision agriculture. The future of development and application of soft computing in agricultural and biological engineering is discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Huang, Yanbo; Thomson, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, CPSRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lan, Yubin; Hoffmann, Wesley C.] ARS, USDA, APMRU, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Fang, Alex; Lacey, Ronald E.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Huang, YB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CPSRU, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yanbo.huang@ars.usda.gov NR 234 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 6 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 71 IS 2 BP 107 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.01.001 PG 21 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 585KE UT WOS:000276823400001 ER PT J AU Haff, RP Quinones, B Swimley, MS Toyofuku, N AF Haff, Ron P. Quinones, Beatriz Swimley, Michelle S. Toyofuku, Natsuko TI Automatic image analysis and spot classification for detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli on glass slide DNA microarrays SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE DNA microarray; Algorithm; Spot location; Escherichia coli; Food safety AB A computer algorithm was created to analyze and quantify scanned images from DNA microarray slides developed for detecting pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates recovered from agricultural food products. The algorithm computed centroid locations for signal and background pixel intensities in RGB space and defined a plane perpendicular to the line connecting the centroids as a decision boundary. The algorithm was tested on 1534 potential spot locations which were visually classified depending on the strength of the signal. Three other standard measures of SNR (SSR, SBR, and SSDR) were also performed for each potential spot location. The number of errors as compared to visual classifications was computed for each of the four measures. SSR and SSDR, which depend on pixel intensity standard deviations, performed poorly with high false positive results, while the current algorithm and SBR, which were independent of standard deviations, performed much better. Overall error rates were 1.4% for the reported algorithm, 2.0% for SBR, 14.2% for SSDR, and 16.8% for SSR. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haff, Ron P.; Toyofuku, Natsuko] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Quinones, Beatriz; Swimley, Michelle S.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Toyofuku, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Natsuko.Toyofuku@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-045] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service CRIS project numbers 5325-42000-045. Special thanks to Erica Dawson and Amber Taylor (InDevR, Inc., Boulder, CO) for providing reagents and instrumentation for generating the microarray images. The authors also wish to thank Robert E. Mandrell and Michael Cooley (USDA/ARS/WRRC, Albany, CA) for providing the bacterial strains used in this study, and Koh-Eun Narm and Joseph Gomez for excellent technical assistance. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 71 IS 2 BP 163 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.01.002 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 585KE UT WOS:000276823400006 ER PT J AU Mahan, JR Conaty, W Neilsen, J Payton, P Cox, SB AF Mahan, James R. Conaty, Warren Neilsen, James Payton, Paxton Cox, Stephen B. TI Field performance in agricultural settings of a wireless temperature monitoring system based on a low-cost infrared sensor SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Canopy temperature; Low-cost infrared thermometer; Wireless infrared thermometer; Cotton canopy temperature ID CANOPY TEMPERATURE; THERMAL-DEPENDENCE; TIME THRESHOLDS; MALATE SYNTHASE; COTTON; IRRIGATION; EMERGENCE; WHEAT; YIELD; MODEL AB Continuous measurement of plant canopy temperature is useful in both research and production agriculture settings. Industrial-quality infrared thermometers which are often used for measurement of canopy temperatures, while reliable, are not always cost effective. For this study a relatively low-cost, consumer-quality infrared thermometer was incorporated into a wireless monitoring system intended for use in plant physiological studies and in agricultural production settings. The field performance of this low-cost wireless system was compared to that of a typical research system based on an industrial-quality infrared thermometer. Performance was evaluated in terms of: reliability of data acquisition, quality of seasonal temperature measurements, seasonal stability of the consumer-quality infrared sensor, and the equivalence of temperatures measured by the consumer-quality and industrial-quality temperature sensors. Results indicate that for many common uses of plant temperature data, the two sensors provide functionally equivalent results. The cost savings and ease of use associated with the low-cost wireless temperature monitoring system present advantages over the higher-cost industrial-quality sensors which may make them a viable alternative in many agricultural settings. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahan, James R.; Payton, Paxton] ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Conaty, Warren] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Conaty, Warren; Neilsen, James] CSIRO Plant Ind, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. [Cox, Stephen B.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Environm Toxicol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Mahan, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM james.mahan@ars.usda.gov RI Conaty, Warren/B-8153-2011 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 71 IS 2 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.01.005 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 585KE UT WOS:000276823400008 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Castro, BA AF Showler, Allan T. Castro, Boris A. TI Influence of drought stress on Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) oviposition preference in sugarcane SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Eoreuma loftini; Free amino acids; Host plant selection; Resistance; Water deficit ID EOREUMA-LOFTINI LEPIDOPTERA; AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS; RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; INVERTEBRATE HERBIVORES; GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM; TEXAS SUGARCANE; WATER-DEFICIT; MOSAIC-VIRUS; SALT STRESS; PYRALIDAE AB Two sugarcane, Saccharum hybrids, varieties were grown in the greenhouse under well watered or drought conditions to examine the influences of stress on Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), oviposition preference and selected nutritional components without impinging factors common to field conditions that alter responses. Our research revealed that, under controlled conditions, drought induced a wider range and greater uniformity of free amino acid (FAA) accumulations than have been previously reported. Drought stress resulted in increased dry leaf tissue and elevated concentrations of 7 of 9 detectable free essential (for insect health) amino acids in stalks, the chief food of Mexican rice borer larvae. Stressed sugarcane was preferred for oviposition, likely related to greater numbers of dry leaves and heightened host plant nutritional quality. Dry leaf tissue, which is not consumed, may be a cue for improving chances of larvae encountering nutrient-enhanced living tissue, and for concealing eggs in folds. Excised dry leaf tissue from the treatments was indistinguishable for oviposition preference: therefore, biochemical status of living tissue may provide oviposition cues. Varieties exhibited no major genotypic differences in FAA accumulations or oviposition preference. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Showler, Allan T.] USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Castro, Boris A.] Texas A&M AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, IFNRRU, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83 Bldg 201, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM allan.showler@ars.usda.gov NR 59 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.07.014 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 597RY UT WOS:000277780000003 ER PT J AU Filichkin, TP Vinje, MA Budde, AD Corey, AE Duke, SH Gallagher, L Helgesson, J Henson, CA Obert, DE Ohm, JB Petrie, SE Ross, AS Hayes, PM AF Filichkin, T. P. Vinje, M. A. Budde, A. D. Corey, A. E. Duke, S. H. Gallagher, L. Helgesson, J. Henson, C. A. Obert, D. E. Ohm, J. B. Petrie, S. E. Ross, A. S. Hayes, P. M. TI Phenotypic Variation for Diastatic Power, beta-Amylase Activity, and beta-Amylase Thermostability vs. Allelic Variation at the Bmy1 Locus in a Sample of North American Barley Germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-VULGARE L.; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; AMYLOLYTIC ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SUBSTRATE-BINDING AFFINITY; MALT QUALITY MEASUREMENTS; ALPHA-AMYLASE; LIMIT DEXTRINASE; SUGAR CONCENTRATIONS; CULTIVATED BARLEY; FERMENTABILITY AB Malting quality data were collected on malts from three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding program trials. We tried to identify causal polymorphisms in the Bmy1 intron Ill and coding regions for use in marker-assisted selection. Abundant malting quality variation exists in the spring barley germplasm despite the parents having identical Bmy1 intron Ill and coding regions. After complete Bmy1 sequencing, no polymorphisms associated with malting quality phenotypes, indicating the genetic basis for the observed variation resides outside Bmy1. Complete allele sequencing identified one winter barley parent that had a novel Bmy1 allele (Sd1a) based on amino acid substitutions that are candidates as causative agents for the phenotypic variation. Marker-assisted selection against the Sd1a allele could be effective in improving diastatic power (DP). The Sd1a allele is associated with low DP and is present in only three of the 51 lines, presumably due to preceding generations being selected for high DR Selection for DP has subsequently eliminated the Sd1a allele from this breeding program. This research shows the importance of having complete allele sequences and knowledge of functional polymorphisms in target genes before using marker-assisted selection. C1 [Filichkin, T. P.; Corey, A. E.; Helgesson, J.; Ross, A. S.; Hayes, P. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Vinje, M. A.; Duke, S. H.; Henson, C. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Henson, C. A.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Gallagher, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Obert, D. E.] ARS, USDA, Small Grains & Potato Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Ohm, J. B.] ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Petrie, S. E.] Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM patrick.m.hayes@oregonstate.edu RI Ross, Andrew/C-7488-2013 OI Ross, Andrew/0000-0003-1509-9106 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; USDA-CSREES FX T.P. Filichkin, A.E. Corey, J. Helgesson, A.S. Ross, and P.M. Hayes, Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331; M.A. Vinje, S.H. Duke, and C.A. Henson, Dep. of Agronomy. Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; A.D. Budde and C.A. Henson, USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI 53726; L. Gallagher, Dep. of Plant Sci., Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616; D.E. Obert, USDA-ARS, Small Grains and Potato Research Facility, Aberdeen, ID 83210; J.B. Ohm, USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Fargo, ND 58105; S.E. Petrie, Columbia Basin Agric. Research Center, Pendleton, OR 97801. T.P. Filichkin and M.A. Vinje contributed equally to this work. This research was supported by funding from the USDA Agricultural Research Service and USDA-CSREES-Special Grants Regional Barley Gene Mapping Project. Received 30 Apr. 2009. *Corresponding author (patrick.m.hayes@oregonstate.edu). NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 826 EP 834 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.04.0231 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900010 ER PT J AU Riday, H Krohn, AL AF Riday, Heathcliffe Krohn, Andrew L. TI Increasing Population Hybridity by Restricting Self-Incompatibility Alleles in Red Clover Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-PRATENSE L; S-RNASE; HETEROSIS; ALFALFA; PLANTS; REGISTRATION; STABILITY; GENETICS; NUMBER; YIELD AB Current red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding methods for quantitative traits consist almost entirely of recurrent phenotypic selection. In many species, improved cultivars have been achieved through hybrid breeding methods, especially for highly nonadditive traits. Hybrid methods have previously been studied and developed in red clover; inbreeding depression was a hindrance to the utility of these breeding systems. In other forage legumes, population hybrids have been proposed as a way to achieve 50% hybrid seed while eliminating problems associated with inbreeding. This study proposes using gametophytic self-incompatibility S-locus in red clover to achieve population hybrids with 75% interpopulation hybrid seed; this would be accomplished by restricting S-alleles to three per population. To test this concept, five S-allele restricted populations were developed. These five restricted populations were randomly mated with a unrestricted population using bumble bees (Bombus impatiens Cresson) in five separate screened enclosures. Halfsib seed was harvested off plants for paternity testing. On average, 75% of the progeny of the five S-allele restricted population plants were hybrids, while 48% of the progeny of the unrestricted population plants were hybrids. Observed hybridity corresponded almost perfectly with expected hybridity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of increasing hybridity by restricting S-alleles within red clover populations. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Riday, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Heathcliffe.Riday@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 853 EP 860 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.05.0282 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900013 ER PT J AU Zhou, MM Kimbeng, CA da Silva, JA White, WH AF Zhou, Marvellous M. Kimbeng, Collins A. da Silva, Jorge A. White, William H. TI Cross-resistance between the Mexican Rice Borer and the Sugarcane Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): A Case Study Using Sugarcane Breeding Populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PYRALIDAE; YIELD; QUALITY AB The sugarcane borer (SCB) [Diatraea saccharalis (F.)] and Mexican rice borer (MRB) [Eoreuma loftini (Dyar)] are two economically important pests of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) in the United States. Because of similarities in larval feeding behavior, selecting for resistance to one species could provide resistance to the other, a phenomenon we have termed "cross-resistance". The objective of this study was to determine if SCB-resistance in sugarcane is correlated with resistance to MRB. Thirty genotypes from Louisiana previously identified as either resistant or susceptible to the SCB and 50 from Texas with unknown resistance status to either species were evaluated for percent borer-damaged internodes. Data from the SCB-resistant and-susceptible genotypes were used to determine the SOB-resistance status of all 80 genotypes. Similar (P = 0.578) levels of MRB damage were found between the Louisiana and Texas population, whereas, the Louisiana population suffered significantly (P < 0.05) less SOB damage compared to the Texas population. The SOB-resistant genotypes suffered significantly (P < 0.01) less damage from the MRB compared to their susceptible counterparts. A significant (P < 0.001) association was found in percent SOB and MRB-damaged internodes among the Louisiana and the SOB-resistant populations but not among the Texas or SOB-susceptible populations. Furthermore, the SOB-resistant genotypes were 40% less likely than susceptible ones to be bored by the MRB. Resources developed for SOB-resistance could form the foundation material to breed for resistance to both pests. C1 [Kimbeng, Collins A.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Zhou, Marvellous M.] S African Sugarcane Res Inst, ZA-4300 Mt Edgecombe, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. [da Silva, Jorge A.] Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX USA. [White, William H.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Res Lab, Houma, LA USA. RP Kimbeng, CA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM ckimbeng@agctr.lsu.edu FU American Sugar Cane League, Inc.; Rio Grande Valley Sugar Growers Inc. FX Funding for this work by the American Sugar Cane League, Inc. and the Rio Grande Valley Sugar Growers Inc. are gratefully acknowledged. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 861 EP 869 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.07.0382 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900014 ER PT J AU Gutierrez-Rojas, A Betran, J Scott, MP Atta, H Menz, M AF Gutierrez-Rojas, Andres Betran, Javier Scott, M. Paul Atta, Halima Menz, Monica TI Quantitative Trait Loci for Endosperm Modification and Amino Acid Contents in Quality Protein Maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR OPAQUE-2; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; ZEIN GENES; MODIFIER LOCI; CORN; POPULATION; GRAIN; PERFORMANCE; TRYPTOPHAN; PARAMETERS AB The deficient protein quality of corn Rea mays L.) grain can be improved by replacing normal Opaque2 (O2) alleles with nonfunctional mutant o2 alleles. Unfortunately, o2 alleles are associated with soft endosperm texture, poor yield, and susceptibility to diseases and insects. Plant breeders have been able to restore a desirable ratio of hard to soft endosperm in o2 germplasm. These modified genotypes are known as Quality Protein Maize (QPM). Neither the mechanism nor the genetic components controlling endosperm modification in QPM lines are well understood. Using a population of recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between an o2 line and a QPM line, and a novel evaluation method for endosperm modification, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for traits related to the modification of endosperm texture and the content of the essential amino acids lysine, tryptophan, and methionine. Quantitative trait loci clusters for endosperm texture traits were detected on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 8, together accounting for 62 to 68% of the observed variation. For traits related to amino acid contents, QTL clusters were located on chromosomes 7 and 8, explaining up to 39% of the observed variation. The elucidation of the genetic mechanisms of the modification of o2 endosperm and essential amino acid contents provides valuable information and important tools to plant breeders and plant scientists interested in improving the quality of cereal grains. C1 [Gutierrez-Rojas, Andres; Betran, Javier; Atta, Halima; Menz, Monica] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Scott, M. Paul] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gutierrez-Rojas, Andres; Betran, Javier; Atta, Halima; Menz, Monica] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Menz, M (reprint author), Syngenta Seeds SAS, 12 Chemin LHobit, F-31790 St Saveur, France. EM monica.menz@syngenta.com RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 FU Texas Agricultural Experimental Station-TAES; Pioneer Hi-Bred International Scholarship; Ford Foundation FX This work was supported by a grant from the Texas Agricultural Experimental Station-TAES to J.B. and M.M. A.G. received support from the Pioneer Hi-Bred International Scholarship. FLA. received support from the Ford Foundation Scholarship. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Cristina Cruz, Merinda Struthers, and Kerry Mayfield. We also extend thanks to three anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions for improving this manuscript. NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 870 EP 879 DI 10.2135/cropsci2008.10.0634 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900015 ER PT J AU Cainong, JC Zavatsky, LE Chen, MS Johnson, J Friebe, B Gill, BS Lukaszewski, AJ AF Cainong, J. C. Zavatsky, L. E. Chen, M. S. Johnson, J. Friebe, B. Gill, B. S. Lukaszewski, A. J. TI Wheat-Rye T2BS.2BL-2RL Recombinants with Resistance to Hessian Fly (H21) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERCALARY CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; REGISTRATION; INHERITANCE; TRITICALE; QUALITY; BANDS AB Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a destructive insect pest of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T turgidum L.) worldwide. Although 32 genes conferring resistance to Hessian fly have been identified, only a few genes are still effective in North America. A highly effective gene is H21, transferred to wheat from Chaupon rye via a whole-arm wheat-rye translocation T2BS.2R#2L. This translocation also carries a gene for field resistance to powdery mildew. To broaden the use of T2BS.2R#2L in wheat improvement, we attempted to reduce the length of the rye segment by recombination with another wheat-rye translocation T2BS.2BL-2R#2L. Recombination data indicated that the H21 locus was linked to the telomere; the powdery mildew locus was closely linked to the translocation breakpoint in T2BS.2BL-2R#2L. Recovered short-segment rye translocation chromosomes confer resistance to Hessian fly; however, no crossover event in the desirable configuration was recovered to produce a short-segment wheat-rye translocation with both H21 and the powdery mildew resistance gene. The T2BS.2BL-2R#2L recombinant chromosome was transferred to adapted winter and spring wheat cultivars. C1 [Cainong, J. C.; Friebe, B.; Gill, B. S.] Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Cainong, J. C.; Friebe, B.; Gill, B. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Chen, M. S.] ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Johnson, J.] Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Zavatsky, L. E.; Lukaszewski, A. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Friebe, B (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM friebe@ksu.edu FU Kansas Wheat Commission; Kansas Crop Improvement Association; USDA-CSKEES FX This research was supported by grants from the Kansas Wheat Commission, the Kansas Crop Improvement Association, and a special USDA-CSKEES grant to the Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center. This paper is contribution number 09-335-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 920 EP 925 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.06.0310 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900020 ER PT J AU Tetteh, AY Wehner, TC Davis, AR AF Tetteh, Antonia Y. Wehner, Todd C. Davis, Angela R. TI Identifying Resistance to Powdery Mildew Race 2W in the USDA-ARS Watermelon Germplasm Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GUMMY STEM BLIGHT; SPHAEROTHECA-FULIGINEA AB Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii has recently become an important disease of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] in the United States. The disease can be controlled with fungicides, but it would be more economical and environmentally safe to use genetic resistance. Here, we report sources of resistance to powdery mildew race 2W identified in the evaluation of the entire U.S. watermelon Plant Introduction collection made of four Citrullus Schrad. ex. Eckl. & Zeyh. species and Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo species. A total of 1654 PI accessions, cultivars, and breeding lines (hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens) were tested in the greenhouse using at least seven replications. From that, 54 cultigens including the 44 most resistant and 10 susceptible checks were retested in greenhouse and field experiments. All cultigens showed symptoms of powdery mildew. Resistance was identified in wild PI accessions. Eight cultigens had high resistance and 21 had intermediate resistance. Leaf and stem disease severity ratings were positively correlated (r = 0.86, P < 0.0001). Data were summarized from the screening and retest studies, and the most resistant cultigens were PI 632755, PI 386015 PI 189225 PI 346082 PI 525082, PI 432337, PI 386024, and PI 269365. The most susceptible cultigens were PI 222775 and PI 269677. Many of the resistant cultigens originated from Nigeria and Zimbabwe. C1 [Tetteh, Antonia Y.; Wehner, Todd C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Davis, Angela R.] ARS, USDA, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Wehner, TC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM todd_wehner@ncsu.edu FU Ghana Government; American Association of University Women FX This study was conducted during the first author's graduate study at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, which was supported by the Ghana Government Scholarship Fund and the International Fellowship of the American Association of University Women. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Tammy L. Ellington. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 933 EP 939 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.03.0135 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900022 ER PT J AU Roberts, PA Ulloa, M AF Roberts, P. A. Ulloa, M. TI Introgression of Root-Knot Nematode Resistance into Tetraploid Cottons SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION; UPLAND COTTON; GENE RKN1; MARKERS; MICROSATELLITES; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMOSOMES; MELOIDOGYNE; POPULATIONS AB Root-knot nematode (RKN) resistance introgression into tetraploid cotton (Gossypium spp.) and its ancestral genome origin were examined. Resistance sources ('Acala NemX', 'Clevewilt 6', Auburn 623 RNR) were compared with diverse germplasm using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from chromosomes 7, 11, and 14 and DNA sequence information. Differences (P < 0.05) were observed for mean root galling index (GI; scale 0-10) between the 56 resistant and susceptible entries. In resistance sources, GI ranged from 0.3 to 2.9, but no consistent differences were observed at allele-marker or DNA sequence level. Except for CIR316 allele (206207 bp) on chromosome 11, no alleles from other SSRs were observed on resistant entries (GI < 3). Allotetraploid G. hirsutum L. (AD(1)) and G. barbadense L. (AD(2)) showing the same SSR marker alleles as G. arboreum L. (A(2)) might suggest resistance introduction from the diploid cotton A(2) genome (genetic distance 0.19 to 0.27). However, percent sequence identity from MUCS088 and CIR316 revealed G. barbadense and resistant G. hirsutum (206-207 bp) also were close to diploids G. herbaceum L. (A(1)), G. thurberi Tod. (D-1), and G. trilobum (DC.) Skovst. (D-8). Other G. hirsutum DNA sequences were closer to G. raimondii Ulbr. (D-5). These analyses indicated resistance introgression into G. hirsutum allotetraploid cottons occurred by artificial hybridization with ancestral genome origin from G. arboreum as well as G. thurberi and not during cotton genome evolution. C1 [Roberts, P. A.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Ulloa, M.] ARS, USDA, Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. RP Roberts, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM philip.roberts@ucr.edu; mauricio.ulloa@ars.usda.gov FU Cotton Incorporated; University of California FX This study was funded in part by a Cooperative Research Agreement from Cotton Incorporated and a grant from the University of California Discovery Grant (BioSTAR) Program (P.R.). The authors thank Stephen Oakley (California Planting Cotton Seed Distributors), James Starr, (Texas A & M Univ.), and USDA Cotton Germplasm Collection (College Station, TX) for providing cotton seed, and Kathie Carter, Sherry Ellberg, William Matthews, and Teresa Mullens for technical help. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 940 EP 951 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.05.0281 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900023 ER PT J AU Hyten, DL Choi, IY Song, QJ Specht, JE Carter, TE Shoemaker, RC Hwang, EY Matukumalli, LK Cregan, PB AF Hyten, David L. Choi, Ik-Young Song, Qijian Specht, James E. Carter, Thomas E., Jr. Shoemaker, Randy C. Hwang, Eun-Young Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Cregan, Perry B. TI A High Density Integrated Genetic Linkage Map of Soybean and the Development of a 1536 Universal Soy Linkage Panel for Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; GOLDENGATE ASSAY; GENOME; RESISTANCE; POLYMORPHISMS; CHROMOSOMES; DIVERSITY; DNA AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the marker of choice for many researchers due to their abundance and the high-throughput methods available for their multiplex analysis. Only recently have SNP markers been available to researchers in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] with the release of the third version of the consensus genetic linkage map that added 1141 SNP markers to the map. Our objectives were to add 2500 additional SNP markers to the soybean integrated map and select a set of 1536 SNPs to create a universal linkage panel for high-throughput soybean quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. The GoldenGate assay is one high-throughput analysis method capable of genotyping 1536 SNPs in 192 DNA samples over a 3-d period. We designed GoldenGate assays for 3456 SNPs (2956 new plus 500 previously mapped) which were used to screen three recombinant inbred line populations and diverse germplasm. A total of 3000 workable assays were obtained which added about 2500 new SNP markers to create a fourth version of the soybean integrated linkage map. To create a "Universal Soy Linkage Panel" (USLP 1.0) of 1536 SNP loci, SNPs were selected based on even distribution throughout each of the 20 consensus linkage groups and to have a broad range of allele frequencies in diverse germplasm. The 1536 USLP 1.0 will be able to quickly create a comprehensive genetic map in most QTL mapping populations and thus will serve as a useful tool for high-throughput QTL mapping. C1 [Hyten, David L.; Choi, Ik-Young; Song, Qijian; Hwang, Eun-Young; Cregan, Perry B.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Song, Qijian; Hwang, Eun-Young] Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Specht, James E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Carter, Thomas E., Jr.] ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] ARS, USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hyten, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM David.Hyten@ars.usda.gov RI CHOI, Ik-Young/H-3366-2012; OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389 FU United Soybean Board [7212, 8212] FX We thank Alicia Bertles, Tad Sonstegard, and the BFGL-ANRI BA KC-East DNA Sequencing Facility for assistance with the genomic STS sequencing. We would also like to thank all the soybean breeders listed in Supplemental Table 1 for providing elite cultivar seed for this project; the Williams 82 physical map consortium (http://www.soybase.org) for providing trace files for the Williams 82 BAG-end sequence; and David Light-foot (Southern Illinois University) and Chris Town (TICK) for providing trace files for the Forrest BAC-end sequences. This research effort was partially supported by United Soybean Board funded Projects 7212 and 8212. The support of United Soybean Board is greatly appreciated. NR 27 TC 139 Z9 153 U1 6 U2 34 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 960 EP 968 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.06.0360 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900025 ER PT J AU Coleman, SW Rao, SC Volesky, JD Phillips, WA AF Coleman, S. W. Rao, S. C. Volesky, J. D. Phillips, W. A. TI Growth and Nutritive Value of Perennial C-3 Grasses in the Southern Great Plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COOL-SEASON GRASSES; PERFORMANCE; YIELD; LEAF; MASS AB Spring and fall gaps in forage production systems utilizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) forage in the southern Great Plains have led to an interest in additional resources such as C-3 perennial grasses. We evaluated the potential of nine cool-season perennial grass entries to fill the gap in forage production and nutritive value through the fall and spring seasons over 3 yr in Oklahoma. Yield of dry matter and crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) concentrations were regressed on days to determine daily changes. Following excellent growth in the spring of the establishment year, yields in the fall were less and declined markedly in 1997. Spring growth achieved the minimum amount of forage (1100 kg ha(-1)) for good animal productivity, with most exceeding 2500 kg ha(-1) by 1 February in the first 2 yr. In general, nutritive value (OP and IVOMD) declined with maturity, but most entries were adequate through March each year, but seldom exceeded minimum requirements for 1 kg steer gain d(-1). When herbage was sequentially removed (staged), subsequent regrowth was not different due to month of staging through March of each year, after which yield was significantly reduced. When fall moisture was adequate for wheat pasture, wheat yield and nutritive value were higher than any perennial grass, but when moisture was limited, yields of wheatgrasses (Thinopyrum spp.) generally exceeded those of wheat. C1 [Rao, S. C.; Phillips, W. A.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Volesky, J. D.] Univ Nebraska Lincoln, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. [Coleman, S. W.] USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. RP Rao, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM Srinivas.Rao@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1070 EP 1078 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.04.0177 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 587BO UT WOS:000276961900037 ER PT J AU Bonnart, R Volk, GM AF Bonnart, Remi Volk, Gayle M. TI INCREASED EFFICIENCY USING THE ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION CRYOPRESERVATION TECHNIQUE FOR Arabidopsis thaliana SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE alginate; Arabidopsis thaliana; dehydration; encapsulation; liquid nitrogen ID VITRO-GROWN MERISTEMS; VEGETATIVE BUD METHOD; SHOOT-TIPS; PLANT CRYOPRESERVATION; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; VITRIFICATION; L.; APICES; GERMPLASM; PROTOCOLS AB Arabidopsis thaliana shoot tips were successfully cryopreserved using encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation methods. Between one and seven shoot tips were encapsulated within 4 mm calcium-alginate beads. Beads were formed in the presence of 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose. The time required to make 10 beads, each containing five shoot tips (4 min), was less than the time required to make 50 beads containing one shoot tip (12 min). Shoot tip regrowth after cryoexposure was between 60 and 68%, with one to seven shoot tips per bead. Using five Arabidopsis shoot tips per bead, alginate beads were formed either in the presence of 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose or 0.5 M sucrose. Beads formed in the presence of glycerol were immediately air-dried to moisture contents between 0.21 to 0.26 g H(2)O/g FW (0.27 to 0.38 g H(2)O/g DW). Alginate beads formed in 0.5 M sucrose were incubated in solutions of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 M sucrose for one day each prior to air-dehydration, achieving moisture contents of 0.19 to 0.21 g H(2)O/g FW (0.23 to 0.27 g H(2)O/g DW). Shoot tip regrowth after cryoexposure was between 42 and 65%, with no significant differences among treatments. We successfully reduced the amount of time needed for shoot tip processing for Arabidopsis by encapsulating five shoot tips per alginate bead and by using a glycerol-encapsulation method, without lowering shoot tip regrowth levels after cryopreservation. C1 [Bonnart, Remi; Volk, Gayle M.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Volk, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Gayle.Volk@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 200 EP 205 PG 6 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 632XT UT WOS:000280463600001 PM 20919449 ER PT J AU Jiang, YL Abernathy, JW Peatman, E Liu, H Wang, SL Xu, DH Kucuktas, H Klesius, P Liu, ZJ AF Jiang, Yanliang Abernathy, Jason W. Peatman, Eric Liu, Hong Wang, Shaolin Xu, De-Hai Kucuktas, Huseyin Klesius, Phillip Liu, Zhanjiang TI Identification and characterization of matrix metalloproteinase-13 sequence structure and expression during embryogenesis and infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Extracellular matrix; Metalloproteinase; Catfish; Matrix metalloproteinase-13; MMP-13; Collagenase-3; Embryogenesis; Edwardsiella ictaluri ID INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE; COLLAGENASE-3 MMP-13; GENE-EXPRESSION; HYPERTROPHIC CHONDROCYTES; ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOS; BONE-DEVELOPMENT; TELEOST FISH; INFLAMMATION; ANGIOGENESIS; CLONING AB Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), referred to as collagenase-3, is a proteolytic enzyme that plays a key role in degradation and remodelling of host extracellular matrix proteins. The objective of this study was to characterize the MMP-13 gene in channel catfish, and to determine its pattern of expression in various healthy tissues and during embryogenesis. Since MMP-13 has been shown to have importance in tissue remodelling and some pathological processes, we further studied its involvement in the defense responses of catfish after bacterial infection. The channel catfish MMP-13 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1416 bp encoding 471 amino acids. Using RT-PCR analysis, MMP-13 was widely expressed in various health tissues. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, expression of MMP-13 gene was up-regulated by bacterial infection. During normal embryological development, MMP-13 expression was slightly increased in the first day post-fertilization and sharply up-regulated from 1-day post-fertilization through hatching. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Yanliang; Abernathy, Jason W.; Peatman, Eric; Liu, Hong; Wang, Shaolin; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab,Aquat Genom Unit, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Liu, Hong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Yanliang] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Educ Minist China, Key Lab Prot Chem & Dev Biol, Changsha 410081, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai; Klesius, Phillip] ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Program Cell & Mol Biosci, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab,Aquat Genom Unit, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM zliu@acesag.auburn.edu RI Wang, Shaolin/M-2282-2013; OI Wang, Shaolin/0000-0003-0866-4584; Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239 FU USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Auburn, AL [58-6420-5-030]; USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program (USDA/NRICGP) [2009-35205-05101] FX This project was supported in part by a Specific Cooperative Agreement with USDA ARS Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Auburn, AL under Contract Number 58-6420-5-030, and in part by a grant from USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program (USDA/NRICGP award# 2009-35205-05101). We are grateful for all help of collecting samples during ESC challenge from Shikai Liu, Ludmilla Kaltenboeck, Fei Chen, Wenqi Wang, Parichart Ninwichian, Jianguo Lu, Yoona Lee, Lilian Wong and Xingjiang Mu in our lab. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 34 IS 5 BP 590 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2010.01.001 PG 8 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 568HA UT WOS:000275511900014 PM 20060415 ER PT J AU Shaul, ME Bennett, G Strissel, KJ Greenberg, AS Obin, MS AF Shaul, Merav E. Bennett, Grace Strissel, Katherine J. Greenberg, Andrew S. Obin, Martin S. TI Dynamic, M2-Like Remodeling Phenotypes of CD11c+Adipose Tissue Macrophages During High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice SO DIABETES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; IN-VIVO; ALTERNATIVE ACTIVATION; ADIPOCYTE DEATH; PPAR-GAMMA; INFLAMMATION; PIOGLITAZONE; METABOLISM; MECHANISMS AB OBJECTIVE To identify, localize, and determine M1/M2 polarization of epidydimal adipose tissue (eAT) macrophages (Phi(S)) during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD (60% fat kcal) or low-fat diet (LFD) (10% fat kcal) for 8 or 12 weeks. eATM Phi(S) (F4/80(+) cells) were characterized by in vivo fluorescent labeling, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and quantitative PCR. RESULTS Recruited interstitial macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin (MGL)1(+)/CD11c(-) and crown-like structure-associated MGL1(-)/CD11c(+) and MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATM Phi(S) were identified after 8 weeks of HFD. MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) cells comprised similar to 65% of CD11c(+) eATM Phi(S). CD11c(+) eATM Phi(S) expressed a mixed M1/M2 profile, with some M1 transcripts upregulated (IL-12p40 and IL-1 beta), others downregulated (iNOS, caspase-1, MCP-1, and CD86), and multiple M2 and matrix remodeling transcripts upregulated (arginase-1, IL-1Ra, MMP-12, ADAM8, VEGF, and Clec-7a). At HFD week 12, each eATM Phi subtype displayed an enhanced M2 phenotype as compared with HFD week 8. CD11c(+) subtypes downregulated IL-1 beta and genes mediating antigen presentation (I-a, CD80) and upregulated the M2 hallmark Ym-1 and genes promoting oxidative metabolism (PGC-1 alpha) and adipogenesis (MMP-2). MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATM Phi(S) upregulated additional M2 genes (IL-13, SPHK1, CD163, LYVE-1, and PPAR-alpha). MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) ATM Phi(S) expressing elevated PGC-1 alpha, PPAR-alpha, and Ym-1 transcripts were selectively enriched in eAT of obese mice fed pioglitazone for 6 (lays, confirming the M2 features of the MGL1(med)/CD11c(+) eATM Phi transcriptional profile and implicating PPAR activation in its elicitation. CONCLUSIONS These results 1) redefine the phenotypic potential of CD11c(+) eATM Phi(S) and 2) suggest previously unappreciated phenotypic and functional commonality between murine and human ATM Phi(S) in the development of obesity and its complications. Diabetes 59:1171-1181, 2010 C1 [Shaul, Merav E.; Bennett, Grace; Strissel, Katherine J.; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Obin, Martin S.] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Obin, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu; martin.obin@tufts.edu FU National Institute of Health [DK074979, TH32HL69772]; American Diabetes Association [1-06-RA-96, 7-08-RA-57]; Takeda Pharmaceuticals; U.S. Department of Agriculture [5819507707] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Health Grants DK074979 (to M.S.O.) and TH32HL69772 (to G.B.), American Diabetes Association Grants 1-06-RA-96 (to M.S.O.) and 7-08-RA-57 (to A.S.G.), Takeda Pharmaceuticals (to M.S.O.), and U.S. Department of Agriculture Contract no. 5819507707 (to A.S.G.). NR 44 TC 160 Z9 162 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0012-1797 J9 DIABETES JI Diabetes PD MAY PY 2010 VL 59 IS 5 BP 1171 EP 1181 DI 10.2337/db09-1402 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 594RI UT WOS:000277554700008 PM 20185806 ER PT J AU Suchar, VA Crookston, NL AF Suchar, Vasile A. Crookston, Nicholas L. TI Understory cover and biomass indices predictions for forest ecosystems of the Northwestern United States SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Understory cover and biomass; Pacific Northwest; Understory-overstory relationship; Understory-climate relationship ID WESTERN WASHINGTON; COASTAL OREGON; GROWTH; OVERSTORY; MODELS; CARBON; PLANTS; MATURE; LIGHT; SLOPE AB The understory community is a critical component of many processes of forest ecosystems. Cover and biomass indices of shrubs and herbs of forested ecosystems of Northwestern United States are presented. Various forest data were recorded for 10,895 plots during a Current Vegetation Survey, over the National Forest lands of entire Pacific Northwest. No significant relationships between the percent canopy cover and understory percent cover and biomass indices were found for the 129 ecoclasses analyzed. Disturbance time and type. and the soil characteristics significantly influenced the shrub biomass indices (p-values of <0.001, <0.001, and 0.01, respectively). Only disturbance time and type significantly influenced the shrub percent cover (p-valUes <0.001). There were no significant interactions between these variables. No significant differences were found for herb biomass indices and cover. Climate variables are reasonable predictors of understory cover and biomass indices. Elevation and slope are also influential: understory cover decreases with altitude, while understory biomass increases with slope. Most models showed weak predictive power (adjusted R-squared <= 0.27). However, robust models for the maximum/potential understory biomass indices for the forested areas in the Northwestern United States are reported (adjusted R-squared of 0.76 and 0.51 for shrubs and herbs, respectively). Overall, our study provides conceptual and statistical models for the understory of the National Forest lands of the Pacific Northwest. The results are comparable with other models for the area, Suggesting that the predictions regarding understory vegetation are inherently difficult. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Suchar, Vasile A.] Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Crookston, Nicholas L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Suchar, VA (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM vsuchar@vandals.uidaho.edu NR 58 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 602 EP 609 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.10.004 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 564NE UT WOS:000275220900005 ER PT J AU Brady, TJ Monleon, VJ Gray, AN AF Brady, Timothy J. Monleon, Vicente J. Gray, Andrew N. TI Calibrating vascular plant abundance for detecting future climate changes in Oregon and Washington, USA SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Vascular plant species; Climate indicators; Transfer functions; Canonical correspondence analysis; Weighted averaging-partial least squares regression ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; ECOLOGICAL GRADIENTS; HOLOCENE VEGETATION; FOREST VEGETATION; POLLEN RECORD; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; REGRESSION; RECONSTRUCTIONS AB We Propose using future vascular plant abundances as indicators of future climate in away analogous to the reconstruction of past environments by many palaeoccologists. To begin monitoring future short-term climate changes in the forests of Oregon and Washington, USA, we developed a set of transfer functions for a present-day calibration set consisting of climate parameters estimated, and species abundances Measured, at 107 USDA Forest Service FIA (Forest Inventory and Analysis) Phase 3 plots. For each plot, we derived climate estimates from the Daymet model database, and We Computed species abundance as quadrat frequency and subplot frequency. We Submitted three climate variables (mean January temperature, MJAT; mean July temperature, MJUT; and mean annual precipitation transformed to natural logarithms, MANPt) to canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and verified their importances in structuring the species frequency data. Weighted averaging-partial least squares regression (WA-PLS) provided the means for calculating six transfer functions. In all cases, based oil performance statistics generated by leave-one-out cross-validation, we identified two-component WA-PLS models as the most desirable. The predictive abilities of our transfer functions are comparable to, or better than, those reported in the literature, probably due both data quality and statistical considerations. However, model overfitting as a result of spatial autocorrelation remains a possibility, The large errors associated With Our MJAT transfer functions connote that even the highest amount of change in mean January temperature predicted for Oregon and Washington for 2010-2039 would be indistinguishable from Current conditions. The higher predictions indicate that our MJAT transfer functions may be able to track climate changes by the 2040s. Our MJUT transfer functions can detect change in mean July temperature under the highest projection for 2010-2039. Our MANPt transfer functions will be of limited use until the 2070s, given the predictions of only slight changes in mean annual precipitation during the early part of the twenty-first century. Our MJAT and MANPt transfer functions may prove useful at the present time to verify relative climatic stability. Because the predicted climate values sometimes deviate Substantially from the observed values for individual Plots, our transfer functions are appropriate for monitoring climatic trends over the entire Pacific Northwest or large regions within it, not for assessing climate change at individual plots, (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brady, Timothy J.] Univ San Francisco, Dept Biol, Harney Sci Ctr 342, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. [Monleon, Vicente J.; Gray, Andrew N.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Brady, TJ (reprint author), Univ San Francisco, Dept Biol, Harney Sci Ctr 342, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. EM brady@usfca.edu NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 657 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.004 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 564NE UT WOS:000275220900011 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW Morin, RS Steinman, JR Perry, CH AF Woodall, C. W. Morin, R. S. Steinman, J. R. Perry, C. H. TI Comparing evaluations of forest health based on aerial surveys and field inventories: Oak forests in the Northern United States SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Oak forests; Forest health assessments; Forest inventory and analysis; Mortality; Aerial damage surveys ID DECLINE; MORTALITY; DEFOLIATION; ATTACK AB Aerial sketch-map Surveys and systematic forest field inventories may be used separately or in combination to indicate the status of regional forest health. During recent decades, aerially conducted sketch-maps of forest damage and forest inventories have been used to assess oak (Quercus spp) forest health across a 24-state region spanning the northern U.S. In order to more fully inform the monitoring of oak forest health and integrate these independent datasets, the effect of the quality, timing,and repeated sampling of aerial data on correlations with field-based oak forest assessments was assessed. Study results indicated that aerial damage surveys were weakly correlated with indicators of oak forest sustainability (e.g., oak seedlings and saplings), but more highly correlated with overstory attributes Such as tree mortality and standing dead. The highest correlations between aerial damage Surveys and oak mortality/standing dead were found when the time between the aerial survey and subsequent forest inventory was 4-6 years. Aerial surveys may have their greatest efficacy in supplementing field inventories of oak forest health when they are conducted in a high quality manner with bi-annual or longer remeasurement periods (due to rare pest damage events). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Woodall, C. W.; Perry, C. H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Morin, R. S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM cwoodall@fs.fed.us RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012; OI Woodall, Christopher/0000-0001-8076-6214; Perry, Charles/0000-0001-9377-5996 NR 40 TC 3 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 713 EP 718 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.11.012 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 564NE UT WOS:000275220900017 ER PT J AU Karl, JW Maurer, BA AF Karl, Jason W. Maurer, Brian A. TI Spatial dependence of predictions from image segmentation: A variogram-based method to determine appropriate scales for producing land-management information SO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Object-based image analysis; Scale; Variogram; Kriging; Geostatistics ID AREAL UNIT PROBLEM; HIERARCHICAL FRAMEWORK; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SOIL PROPERTIES; PIXEL; HETEROGENEITY; AGGREGATION; ATTRIBUTES; PATTERN; MODELS AB A significant challenge in ecological studies has been defining scales of observation that correspond to the relevant ecological scales for organisms or processes of interest. Remote sensing has become commonplace in ecological studies and management, but the default resolution of imagery often used in studies is an arbitrary scale of observation Segmentation of images Into objects has been proposed as an alternative method for scaling remotely-sensed data into units having ecological meaning. However, to date, the selection of image object sets to represent landscape patterns has been largely subjective. Changes in observation scale affect the variance and spatial dependence of measured variables, and may be useful in determining which levels of image segmentation are most appropriate for a given purpose We used observations of percent bare-ground cover from 346 field sites in a semi-arid shrub-steppe ecosystem of southern Idaho to look at the changes in spatial dependence of regression predictions and residuals for 10 different levels of image segmentation We found that the segmentation level whose regression predictions had spatial dependence that most closely matched the spatial dependence of the field samples also had the strongest predicted-to-observed correlations This suggested that for percent bare-ground cover in our study area an appropriate scale could be defined. With the incorporation of a geostatistical interpolator to predict the value of regression residuals at unsampled locations, however, we achieved consistently strong correlations across many segmentation levels This suggests that if spatial dependence in percent bare ground is accounted for, a range of appropriate scales could be defined Because the best analysis scale may vary for different ecosystem attributes and many inquiries consider more than one attribute, methods that can perform well across a range of scales and perhaps not at a single, ideal scale are important. More work is needed to develop methods that consider a wider range of ways to segment images into different scales and select sets of scales that perform best for answering specific management questions The robustness of ecological landscape analyses will increase as methods are devised that remove the subjectivity with which observational scales are defined and selected Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Karl, Jason W.] New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Karl, Jason W.; Maurer, Brian A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Karl, JW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, ARS, USDA, POB 80003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Ma, Lei/I-4597-2014; OI Karl, Jason/0000-0002-3326-3806 FU Idaho Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; M. J Murdock Charitable Trust; Lava Lake Foundation for Science and Conservation; The Nature Conservancy's Rodney Johnson and Katherine Ordway Science Endowment FX J. Russel and G. Mann of the Bureau of Land Management provided us with the field data from the Wildhorse allotment. J. Qi, S. Riley, G Roloff. and R. Unnasch provided insightful discussion during this study and invaluable review of this manuscript. This work was supported by the Idaho Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, the M. J Murdock Charitable Trust, the Lava Lake Foundation for Science and Conservation, and The Nature Conservancy's Rodney Johnson and Katherine Ordway Science Endowment NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-9541 EI 1878-0512 J9 ECOL INFORM JI Ecol. Inform. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 5 IS 3 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.02.004 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 599MC UT WOS:000277916000006 ER PT J AU Shah, SN Sharma, BK Moser, BR AF Shah, Shailesh N. Sharma, Brajendra K. Moser, Bryan R. TI Preparation of Biofuel Using Acetylatation of Jojoba Fatty Alcohols and Assessment as a Blend Component in Ultralow Sulfur Diesel Fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; OIL; FORMULATIONS; PETRODIESEL; STABILITY; LUBRICITY AB The majority of biodiesel fuels are produced from vegetable oils or animal fats by transesterification of oil with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In this study, a new class of biofuel is explored by acetylation of fatty alcohols from Jojoba oil. Jojobyl methyl acetate (JMA) was produced using direct acetylation of purified jojobyl alcohol obtained during preparation of Jojobyl methyl esters (JME). Important fuel properties of JMA, such as kinematic viscosity, cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), acid value, oxidative stability, gross heat of combustion, and lubricity were evaluated using standard methods. A comparison was made with previously reported JME and relevant biodiesel fuel standards, such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. The CP, CFPP, and PP values of JMA were 2, -10, and -16 degrees C, respectively. These results were comparable to JME with the exception of a higher CP in the case of JMA. The kinematic viscosity (40 degrees C) of JMA was 7.64 mm(2)/s, which was higher than that observed for JME. Blends (B5 and B20) of JMA in ultralow sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) were also evaluated for the aforementioned fuel properties and compared to an analogous set of blends of JME in U LSD and relevant petrodiesel fuel standards such as ASTM D975 and D7467. Blends of JMA in U LSD displayed similar low temperature properties to neat ULSD and blends of JME in ULSD. This research demonstrates utilization of a byproduct as feedstock for biofuel preparation and establishes a new innovative class of biofuel, which can be prepared via the acetylation of fatty alcohols. C1 [Shah, Shailesh N.; Sharma, Brajendra K.; Moser, Bryan R.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Sharma, Brajendra K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Bryan.Moser@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2010 VL 24 BP 3189 EP 3194 DI 10.1021/ef9012455 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 611VE UT WOS:000278851000050 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Kenar, JA AF Knothe, Gerhard Kenar, James A. TI Comment on "Biodiesel Production from Freshwater Algae" SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Editorial Material ID BOTRYOCOCCUS-BRAUNII; HYDROCARBONS C1 [Knothe, Gerhard; Kenar, James A.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM gerhard.knothe@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD MAY PY 2010 VL 24 BP 3299 EP 3300 DI 10.1021/ef100356e PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 611VE UT WOS:000278851000064 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Jones, VP AF Hagler, James R. Jones, Vincent P. TI A protein-based approach to mark arthropods for mark-capture type research SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE arthropod marking; protein marking; ELISA; dispersal; cotton assemblage; Lygus hesperus; Hippodamia convergens; Trichoplusia ni; immunomarking; casein; egg albumin ID LEPIDOPTERA-NOCTUIDAE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PREY INTERACTIONS; INSECT PREDATORS; BEMISIA-TABACI; PINK-BOLLWORM; RUBIDIUM; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENT; HOMOPTERA AB A series of studies was conducted to test methods for marking a wide variety of arthropods with inexpensive proteins for mark-capture dispersal research. The markers tested included egg albumin protein in chicken egg whites and casein protein in bovine milk. The first study qualified the effectiveness of the two marks on more than 50 arthropod species inhabiting cotton via two application procedures. The application methods included: (1) a topical plus residue protein application, and (2) a residue-only protein application. Both protein marks, regardless of the method of application, were readily retained on the arthropod assemblage over the duration of the study. The second study determined how rapidly insects acquire chicken egg albumin protein after contact exposure to cotton tissue sprayed with an egg whites solution. Under laboratory conditions, the vast majority of adult Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) acquired the mark after 5 min, and immature Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) acquired the marker after 40 min. The third study determined how rapidly H. convergens and L. hesperus acquire bovine casein protein after contact exposure to either alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae), or lesquerella, Lesquerella fendleri (Watson) (Brassicaceae), plants sprayed with a bovine milk solution. These insects rapidly acquired the casein mark from the plant residue under field conditions. A final study determined how long H. convergens retain casein protein after 24-h exposure to alfalfa and lesquerella plants containing a 7-day-old residue of bovine milk. Approximately 95% of the H. convergens maintained the casein mark for 2 days after removal from each type of plant. C1 [Hagler, James R.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Jones, Vincent P.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM james.hagler@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 135 IS 2 BP 177 EP 192 DI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2010.00980.x PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 579VP UT WOS:000276404800007 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK AF Reeves, Will K. TI BEHAVIOR OF LARVAL CULICOIDES SONORENSIS (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN RESPONSE TO AN INVERTEBRATE PREDATOR, HYDRA LITTORALIS (ANTHOMEDUSAE: HYDRIDAE) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Culicoides; predator avoidance; Hydra; larvae; aquatic insects ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; TRANSMISSION; VARIIPENNIS; VIRUS C1 [Reeves, Will K.] USDA, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), US Army Garrison Japan, Unit 45013, Box 2582, APO, AP 96338 USA. EM wkreeves@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 121 IS 3 BP 298 EP 301 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 827KF UT WOS:000295426700012 ER PT J AU Svendsen, ES Campbell, LK AF Svendsen, Erika S. Campbell, Lindsay K. TI Living Memorials: Understanding the Social Meanings of Community-Based Memorials to September 11, 2001 SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sacred space; memorial; September 11; civic stewardship; prememorial period ID MANAGEMENT; POLITICS AB Living memorials are landscaped spaces created by people to memorialize individuals, places, and events. Hundreds of stewardship groups across the United States of America created living memorials in response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. This study sought to understand how stewards value, use, and talk about their living, community-based memorials. Stewards were asked to describe the intention, use, and meanings of the memorials. Qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis were used to analyze 117 semi-structured interviews. Sacredness of space varied by a memorial's site type and uses. This and other findings supported the notion of sacred space as contested space. Sacred space can be produced from acts of "setting aside" that ascribe meaning to a memorial site. C1 [Svendsen, Erika S.; Campbell, Lindsay K.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, New York, NY 10007 USA. RP Svendsen, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 290 Broadway,26th Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM esvendsen@fs.fed.us NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 3 BP 318 EP 334 DI 10.1177/0013916510361871 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 579VE UT WOS:000276403500003 ER PT J AU Degraff, JV James, A Breheny, P AF Degraff, Jerome V. James, Arlington Breheny, Patrick TI The Formation and Persistence of the Matthieu Landslide-Dam Lake, Dominica, WI SO ENVIRONMENTAL & ENGINEERING GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Landslide-Dams; Natural Hazards; Dominica; WI; Caribbean; Flooding AB Research shows that the majority of natural dams formed by landslides exist for only a matter of days or weeks. Thus, the persistence of the 11-year-old Matthieu landslide dam and its resulting lake in Dominica, West Indies, is atypical. In addition, its association with the two earlier landslide dams, which formed and failed within weeks of emplacement of the persistent dam, adds to the unusual circumstances surrounding the Matthieu landslide dam. The persistence of the lake is attributed to the size and composition of the Matthieu landslide dam and the rate of inflow from the Matthieu River. Based on end-of- the-year measurements, the water impounded behind the Matthieu landslide dam rose rapidly by 64 m for the first 7 years before stabilizing at the current level. The stabilized lake level may be the result of seepage discharge from an area of springs on the dam face that equals inflow from the Matthieu drainage basin. Unquantified lake evaporation and seepage discharge to the regional groundwater system may also be factors that contribute to stabilized lake levels. The persistence of the lake behind the Matthieu landslide dam will depend on whether the decreased threat of dam overtopping is replaced by an increased threat of failure by piping. C1 [Degraff, Jerome V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. [James, Arlington] Forestry Wildlife & Parks Div, Roseau, Dominica. [Breheny, Patrick] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Degraff, JV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1600 Tollhouse Rd, Clovis, CA 93611 USA. FU government of the Commonwealth of Dominica; U.S. Agency for International Development; Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance FX The authors conducted this study over a number of years as part of work supported by the government of the Commonwealth of Dominica and the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, as well as research supported by Trinity College (Dublin) and the University of Leeds (United Kingdom). Adam Byrne and Michael Buckley are acknowledged for their valuable field assistance to Patrick Breheny. An earlier manuscript significantly benefitted from comments and suggestions offered by Douglas Sprinkel and Jonathan Berry as well as editorial review by Nicki Howard. The authors are grateful for the technical skill and patience of Kathleen McGuire in the preparation of the maps and drawings used to illustrate this paper. The authors appreciate the insightful review and suggestions by Robin Beebee and an anonymous reviewer. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1078-7275 J9 ENVIRON ENG GEOSCI JI Environ. Eng. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 73 EP 89 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 605MJ UT WOS:000278351400001 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Moses, A Burcsu, T AF Kline, Jeffrey D. Moses, Alissa Burcsu, Theresa TI Anticipating Forest and Range Land Development in Central Oregon (USA) for Landscape Analysis, with an Example Application Involving Mule Deer SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Spatial land-use models; Landscape change; Wildland-urban interface; Mule deer ID COAST RANGE AB Forest policymakers, public lands managers, and scientists in the Pacific Northwest (USA) seek ways to evaluate the landscape-level effects of policies and management through the multidisciplinary development and application of spatially explicit methods and models. The Interagency Mapping and Analysis Project (IMAP) is an ongoing effort to generate landscape-wide vegetation data and models to evaluate the integrated effects of disturbances and management activities on natural resource conditions in Oregon and Washington (USA). In this initial analysis, we characterized the spatial distribution of forest and range land development in a four-county pilot study region in central Oregon. The empirical model describes the spatial distribution of buildings and new building construction as a function of population growth, existing development, topography, land-use zoning, and other factors. We used the model to create geographic information system maps of likely future development based on human population projections to inform complementary landscape analyses underway involving vegetation, habitat, and wildfire interactions. In an example application, we use the model and resulting maps to show the potential impacts of future forest and range land development on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) winter range. Results indicate significant development encroachment and habitat loss already in 2000 with development located along key migration routes and increasing through the projection period to 2040. The example application illustrates a simple way for policymakers and public lands managers to combine existing data and preliminary model outputs to begin to consider the potential effects of development on future landscape conditions. C1 [Burcsu, Theresa] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM JKline@fs.fed.us FU Interagency Mapping and Analysis Project (IMAP), USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon FX Funding for this article was provided by the Interagency Mapping and Analysis Project (IMAP), USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon. We thank Dave Azuma, Miles Hemstrom, Gary Lettman, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 5 BP 974 EP 984 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9470-x PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597PS UT WOS:000277771400008 PM 20300934 ER PT J AU White, MJ Storm, DE Busteed, P Stoodley, S Phillips, SJ AF White, Michael J. Storm, Daniel E. Busteed, Philip Stoodley, Scott Phillips, Shannon J. TI Evaluating Conservation Program Success with Landsat and SWAT SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE SWAT; Modeling; Watershed management; Nutrients; Nonpoint source pollution; Remote sensing ID WATER-QUALITY; PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT; ASSESSMENT-TOOL; UNITED-STATES; SCALE; GRASSLANDS; POLLUTION; RUNOFF; CALIBRATION; PASTURE AB In the United States, many state and federally funded conservation programs are required to quantify the water quality benefits resulting from their efforts. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of conservation practices subsidized by the Oklahoma Conservation Commission on phosphorus and sediment loads to Lake Wister. Conservation practices designed to increase vegetative cover in grazed pastures were evaluated using Landsat imagery and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Several vegetative indices were derived from Landsat imagery captured before and after the implementation of conservation practices. Collectively, these indicators provided an estimate of the change in vegetative soil cover attributable to conservation practices in treated fields. Field characteristics, management, and changes in vegetative cover were used in the SWAT model to simulate sediment and phosphorus losses before and after practice implementation. Overall, these conservation practices yielded a 1.9% improvement in vegetative cover and a predicted sediment load reduction of 3.5%. Changes in phosphorus load ranged from a 1.0% improvement to a 3.5% increase, depending upon initial vegetative conditions. The use of fertilizers containing phosphorus as a conservation practice in low-productivity pastures was predicted by SWAT to increase net phosphorus losses despite any improvement in vegetative cover. This combination of vegetative cover analysis and hydrologic simulation was a useful tool for evaluating the effects of conservation practices at the basin scale and may provide guidance for the selection of conservation measures subsidized in future conservation programs. C1 [White, Michael J.] USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Storm, Daniel E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Busteed, Philip] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Stoodley, Scott] ENTRIX Inc, VP Water Resources, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. [Phillips, Shannon J.] Oklahoma Conservat Commiss, Water Qual Div, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM mike.white@ars.usda.gov FU Oklahoma Conservation Commission; U. S. Environmental Protection Agency region VI; Oklahoma State University FX We would like to thank the Oklahoma Conservation Commission, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency region VI, and Oklahoma State University for funding this research. We would also like to thank Leflore and Latimer County conservation district and U. S. Natural Resources and Conservation Service personnel for their assistance with local aspects of this project. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1174 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9458-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 597PS UT WOS:000277771400022 PM 20213232 ER PT J AU Beck, JL Dauwalter, DC Gerow, KG Hayward, GD AF Beck, Jeffrey L. Dauwalter, Daniel C. Gerow, Kenneth G. Hayward, Gregory D. TI Design to monitor trend in abundance and presence of American beaver (Castor canadensis) at the national forest scale SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Management indicator species; Monitoring; Habitat suitability; Beaver; National forest; Sampling design; Power analysis ID RESOURCE SELECTION FUNCTIONS; CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SITE SELECTION; TRACK SURVEYS; COLONY SIZE; HABITAT USE; AERIAL; POWER; PROGRAMS AB Wildlife conservationists design monitoring programs to assess population dynamics, project future population states, and evaluate the impacts of management actions on populations. Because agency mandates and conservation laws call for monitoring data to elicit management responses, it is imperative to design programs that match the administrative scale for which management decisions are made. We describe a program to monitor population trends in American beaver (Castor canadensis) on the US Department of Agriculture, Black Hills National Forest (BHNF) in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming, USA. Beaver have been designated as a management indicator species on the BHNF because of their association with riparian and aquatic habitats and its status as a keystone species. We designed our program to monitor the density of beaver food caches (abundance) within sampling units with beaver and the proportion of sampling units with beavers present at the scale of a national forest. We designated watersheds as sampling units in a stratified random sampling design that we developed based on habitat modeling results. Habitat modeling indicated that the most suitable beaver habitat was near perennial water, near aspen (Populus tremuloides) and willow (Salix spp.), and in low gradient streams at lower elevations. Results from the initial monitoring period in October 2007 allowed us to assess costs and logistical considerations, validate our habitat model, and conduct power analyses to assess whether our sampling design could detect the level of declines in beaver stated in the monitoring objectives. Beaver food caches were located in 20 of 52 sampled watersheds. Monitoring 20 to 25 watersheds with beaver should provide sufficient power to detect 15-40% declines in the beaver food cache index as well as a twofold decline in the odds of beaver being present in watersheds. Indices of abundance, such as the beaver food cache index, provide a practical measure of population status to conduct long-term monitoring across broad landscapes such as national forests. C1 [Beck, Jeffrey L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Dauwalter, Daniel C.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gerow, Kenneth G.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Stat, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hayward, Gregory D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Beck, JL (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jlbeck@uwyo.edu FU USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region FX We thank S. R. Hirtzel, K. Burns, L. A. Martinez, and T. R. Mills of the Black Hills National Forest for providing data and logistical support. We thank E. S. Hansen and W. D. Walter and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments to earlier drafts. D. M. Staley provided assistance with habitat modeling. Our research was supported by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 EI 1573-2959 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 164 IS 1-4 BP 463 EP 479 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-0907-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583EJ UT WOS:000276655700039 PM 19396556 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Gourley, CJP Rotz, CA Weaver, DM AF Powell, J. M. Gourley, C. J. P. Rotz, C. A. Weaver, D. M. TI Nitrogen use efficiency: A potential performance indicator and policy tool for dairy farms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY LA English DT Article DE Manure; Nitrate leaching; Ammonia volatilization; Nitrous oxide; Environmental impact ID DIETARY CRUDE PROTEIN; MILK UREA NITROGEN; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; AMMONIA EMISSIONS; MANURE; COWS; WISCONSIN; PHOSPHORUS; LOSSES; SOILS AB Escalating fertilizer and feed costs, declining product prices, and increasing regulations to reduce environmental pollution have created new pressures to improve nutrient use in agricultural production. This study provides an overview of factors and processes that impact nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in dairy production, identifies practices that may bridge gaps between actual-NUE obtained on commercial farms and potential-NUE obtained under experimental conditions, and explores the possibility of using NUE as a performance indicator and policy tool for dairy production. Actual feed-NUE varies from 16% to 36% and is impacted by of a range of dairy practices; manure/fertilizer-NUE varies from 16% to 77% and is very site-specific; and whole-farm NUE varies from 8% to 64% and declines as stocking rates increase. Optimal stocking rate and manure nitrogen (N) crediting can enhance NUE, increase farm profits, and reduce N loss from dairy farms. NUE could be used to further engage dairy producers in collaborative assessments of gaps between their actual N use and the biological potential of N use, to develop performance goals for N use in various production components, and to monitor and evaluate the impacts of alternative feed, manure and fertilizer management practices on N use, profitability, and environmental outcomes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Powell, J. M.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gourley, C. J. P.] Dept Primary Ind, Ellinbank, Vic 3821, Australia. [Rotz, C. A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Weaver, D. M.] Dept Agr & Food, Albany, WA 6330, Australia. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mark.powell@ars.usda.gov RI Weaver, David/D-3868-2011 NR 71 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 50 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-9011 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLICY JI Environ. Sci. Policy PD MAY PY 2010 VL 13 IS 3 BP 217 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2010.03.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603YY UT WOS:000278245400005 ER PT J AU Ward, DM Nislow, KH Chen, CY Folt, CL AF Ward, Darren M. Nislow, Keith H. Chen, Celia Y. Folt, Carol L. TI Reduced Trace Element Concentrations in Fast-Growing Juvenile Atlantic Salmon in Natural Streams SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; RAINBOW-TROUT; FOOD WEBS; MERCURY BIOACCUMULATION; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; SALAR L.; FISH; METALS; GROWTH; WATER AB To assess the effect of rapid individual growth on trace element concentrations in fish, we measured concentrations of seven trace elements (As, Cd, Cs, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn) in streamdwelling Atlantic salmon (Sa Imo salar) from 15 sites encompassing a 10-fold range in salmon growth. All salmon were hatched under uniform conditions, released into streams, and sampled similar to 120 days later for trace element analysis. For most elements, element concentrations in salmon tracked those in their prey. Fast-growing salmon had lower concentrations of all elements than slow growers, after accounting for prey concentrations. This pattern held for essential and nonessential elements, as well as elements that accumulate from food and those that can accumulate from water. At the sites with the fastest salmon growth, trace element concentrations in salmon were 37% (Cs) to 86% (Pb) lower than at sites where growth was suppressed. Given that concentrations were generally below levels harmful to salmon and that the pattern was consistent across all elements, we suggest that dilution of elements in larger biomass led to lower concentrations in fast-growing fish. Streams that foster rapid, efficient fish growth may produce fish with lower concentrations of elements potentially toxic for human and wildlife consumers. C1 [Ward, Darren M.; Chen, Celia Y.; Folt, Carol L.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA, USFS, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Ward, DM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM darren.ward@dartmouth.edu RI Ward, Darren/F-1203-2010 OI Ward, Darren/0000-0002-0049-5299 FU NIEHS-SBRP [ES07373]; USES Northern Research Station FX We thank Brian Jackson, Vivien Taylor, and Arthur Baker at the Dartmouth Trace Element Analysis Core for sample analysis and Roxanne Karimi for discussions of growth dilution. This project was funded by NIEHS-SBRP Grant ES07373 and the USES Northern Research Station. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3245 EP 3251 DI 10.1021/es902639a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 588JX UT WOS:000277067000011 PM 20356034 ER PT J AU Bradford, DF Stanley, K McConnell, LL Tallent-Halsell, NG Nash, MS Simonich, SM AF Bradford, David F. Stanley, Kerri McConnell, Laura L. Tallent-Halsell, Nita G. Nash, Maliha S. Simonich, Staci M. TI SPATIAL PATTERNS OF ATMOSPHERICALLY DEPOSITED ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS AT HIGH ELEVATION IN THE SOUTHERN SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Amphibian; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Polychlorinated biphenyl; Pesticide; Tadpole ID AMPHIBIAN POPULATION DECLINES; CURRENT-USE PESTICIDES; PASSIVE AIR SAMPLERS; YELLOW-LEGGED FROGS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; CENTRAL VALLEY; NATIONAL-PARK; FISH; TRANSPORT AB Atmospherically deposited contaminants in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. USA have been implicated as adversely affecting amphibians and fish, yet little is known about the distributions of contaminants within the mountains, particularly at high elevation. The hypothesis that contaminant concentrations in a high-elevation portion of the Sierra Nevada decrease with distance from the adjacent San Joaquin Valley was tested. Air, sediment, and tadpoles were sampled twice at 28 water bodies in 14 dispersed areas in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (2,785-3.375 in elevation; 43-82 km from Valley edge). Up to 15 chemicals were detected frequently in sediment and tadpoles, including current- and historic-use pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Only beta-endosulfan was found frequently in air. Concentrations of all chemicals detected were very low, averaging in the parts-per-billion range or less in sediment and tadpoles, and on the order of 10 pg/m(3) for beta-endosullan in air. Principal components analysis indicated that chemical compositions were generally similar among sites. suggesting that chemical transport patterns were likewise similar among sites. In contrast, transport processes did not appear to strongly influence concentration differences among sites, because variation in concentrations among nearby sites was high relative to sites far from each other. Moreover, a general relationship for concentrations as a function of distance from the valley was not evident across chemical, medium, and time. Nevertheless. concentrations for some chemical/medium/time combinations showed significant negative relationships with metrics for distance from the Valley. However, the magnitude of these distance effects among high-elevation sites was small relative to differences found in other studies between the valley edge and the nearest high-elevation sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1056-1066. (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Bradford, David F.; Tallent-Halsell, Nita G.; Nash, Maliha S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Stanley, Kerri; Simonich, Staci M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [McConnell, Laura L.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Simonich, Staci M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Bradford, DF (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 944 E Harmon Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. EM bradford.david@epa.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), National Park Service [DW14989008]; U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES00210] FX The authors are grateful to Joanna Christion and Amanda Marusich of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) for meticulously conducting much of the field sampling, and to Harold Werner, Danny Boiano, and Annie Esperanza also of SEKI for facilitating the project in many ways. The authors also thank Hassan Basagic, Chad Cross, Rebecca Rising, Krystal Ward, and Carrie Vernon and other members of the SEKI helicopter crew for considerable help. We are grateful to Roland Knapp for sharing results for wetland/amphibian field surveys, Donald Sparling for providing tadpole staging data, and Carlos Davidson for discussing the project. James Seiber, Thomas Cahill, Walter Jarman, and Lara Hansen reviewed the research plan for the project, and Paula Allen, Deborah Chaloud, and Donald Spading provided comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. The research described herein was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) through Interagency Agreement DW14989008 with the National Park Service, and the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant P30ES00210). The article has been approved for publication by the U.S. EPA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1056 EP 1066 DI 10.1002/etc.139 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 598NJ UT WOS:000277844200007 PM 20821540 ER PT J AU Luan, FS Sheng, YY Wang, YH Staub, JE AF Luan, Feishi Sheng, Yunyan Wang, Yuhan Staub, Jack E. TI Performance of melon hybrids derived from parents of diverse geographic Origins SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Review DE Heterosis; Germplasm; Combining ability; Yield; Yield components ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L.; GENETIC-DISTANCE; RAPD MARKERS; MOLECULAR VARIATION; COMBINING ABILITY; HETEROSIS; GERMPLASM AB Genetic relatedness and phenotype are important factors that govern the expression of heterosis in hybrid progeny of many cross-pollinating plant species. Since this relationship is important but not well understood in melon (Cucumis melo L.), one monoecious and two andromonoecious melon lines of diverse Chinese [Peoples Republic of China (PRC)] origin were crossed to the andromonoecious U.S. Western Shipping market type 'Top Mark' (TM) and the andromonoecious, highly branched line H-16 to determine parental combining ability and heterosis for five yield component traits in three test environments [open-field (USA), and energy-saving (PRC) and plastic greenhouses (PRC)]. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)- and simple sequence repeat (SSR)-based genetic distances (GD) among and between parents (5) and their hybrids (6) were calculated and compared to phenotypic trait values. These germplasms were evaluated for lateral branch number (LBN), days to 50% flower (DF), fruit number and weight per plant, and fruit length:diameter (L:D) ratio in each of three test environments. General combining ability was significant for all characters, except for L:D in all locations, and LBN and DF in the plastic greenhouse environment. Both descriptors of difference (genetic marker and phenotype) were discriminatory, and provided similar assessments of relationships among parents and hybrids. Although dramatic performance differences were detected between parents and among F(1) hybrid progeny, a strong relationship between GD and heterotic effects was not consistently detected. C1 [Luan, Feishi] NE Agr Univ, Hort Coll, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. [Sheng, Yunyan] August First Land Reclamat Univ, Coll Agr, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yuhan] Agr Bur, Penglai 265600, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS,Plant Breeding & Plant Genet Program, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Staub, Jack E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Luan, FS (reprint author), NE Agr Univ, Hort Coll, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang Pr, Peoples R China. EM luanfeishi@sina.com FU National Natural Science Funding [30771466, 30871723]; Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System [nycytx-36-01-01-02]; Key Natural Science Funding of Heilongjiang Province [ZJN0705]; Excellent Young Funding in Heilongjiang Province [JC200712]; Northeast Agricultural University [CXT002-4-1]; International Cooperation Funding of Science and Technology Department in Heilongjiang Province, PRC [WB06B12] FX This work was supported by The National Natural Science Funding (30771466, 30871723), The Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (nycytx-36-01-01-02), The Key Natural Science Funding of Heilongjiang Province (ZJN0705), The Excellent Young Funding in Heilongjiang Province (JC200712), The Program for Innovative Research Team of Northeast Agricultural University (CXT002-4-1), and The International Cooperation Funding of Science and Technology Department in Heilongjiang Province, PRC (WB06B12). NR 54 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAY PY 2010 VL 173 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10681-009-0110-6 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 580CQ UT WOS:000276424900001 ER PT J AU Cuevas, HE Staub, JE Simon, PW AF Cuevas, H. E. Staub, J. E. Simon, P. W. TI Inheritance of beta-carotene-associated mesocarp color and fruit maturity of melon (Cucumis melo L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Beta-carotene; Carotenoid; Exotic germplasm; Nutraceutical; Vitamin A ID PLANT ARCHITECTURAL TRAITS; GENERATION MEANS ANALYSIS; GENETIC-CONTROL; FLESH COLOR; YIELD; IDENTIFICATION; LOCI; POPULATION; COMPONENTS; GERMPLASM AB Melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit production in U.S. can be improved through the introgression of early fruit maturity (FM) and the enhancement of fruit color [i.e., quantity of beta-carotene (Q beta C); orange mesocarp]. However, the genetics of FM and Q beta C have not been clearly defined in U.S. Western Shipping market class melons (USWS). Thus, a cross was made between the monoecious, early FM Chinese line 'Q 3-2-2' (non-carotene accumulating, white mesocarp) and the andromonecious, comparatively late FM USWS line 'Top Mark' (carotene accumulating; orange mesocarp) to determine the inheritance of FM and Q beta C in melon. Parents and derived cross-progenies (F(1), F(2), F(3), BC(1)P(1), and BC(1)P(2)) were evaluated for FM and Q beta C at Hancock, Wisconsin over 2 years. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h (N) (2) ) for Q beta C and FM as defined by F(1), F(2), and BC (by individuals) were 0.55 and 0.62, respectively, while estimates based on F(3) families were 0.68 and 0.57, respectively for these traits. Mesocarp color segregation (F(2) and BC(1)P(2)) fit a two gene recessive epistatic model, which in turn, interacts with other minor genes. Although the inheritance of Q beta C and FM is complex, introgression (e.g., by backcrossing) of early FM genes resident in Chinese germplasm into USWS market types is possible. Such introgression may lead to increased yield potential in USWS market types while retaining relatively high beta-carotene fruit content (i.e., orange mesocarp), if stringent, multiple location and early generation family selection (F(3-4)) is practiced for FM with concomitant selection for Q beta C. C1 [Cuevas, H. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Breeding & Plant Genet, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Staub, J. E.; Simon, P. W.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA, ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit,Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cuevas, HE (reprint author), Ctr Appl Genet Technol, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM hcuevas@uga.edu NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD MAY PY 2010 VL 173 IS 1 BP 129 EP 140 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0142-y PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 580CQ UT WOS:000276424900013 ER PT J AU Raymundo-Raymundo, E Hernandez-Vargas, J Nikol'skii, YN Guber, AK Gavi-Reyes, F Prado-Pano, BL Figueroa-Sandoval, B Mendosa-Hernandez, JR AF Raymundo-Raymundo, E. Hernandez-Vargas, J. Nikol'skii, Yu N. Guber, A. K. Gavi-Reyes, F. Prado-Pano, B. L. Figueroa-Sandoval, B. Mendosa-Hernandez, J. R. TI Determination of the Atrazine Migration Parameters in Vertisol SO EURASIAN SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; SOIL; PESTICIDES; GROUNDWATER; WATER; CATCHMENT; AQUIFER; SURFACE; COLUMN AB The parameters of the atrazine migration in columns with undisturbed Vertisol sampled from an irrigated plot in Guanajuato, Mexico were determined. A model of the convection-dispersion transport of the chemical compounds accounting for the decomposition and equilibrium adsorption, which is widely applied for assessing the risk of contamination of natural waters with pesticides, was used. The model parameters were obtained by solving the inverse problem of the transport equation on the basis of laboratory experiments on the transport of the (18)O isotope and atrazine in soil columns with an undisturbed structure at three filtration velocities. The model adequately described the experimental data at the individual selection of the parameters for each output curve. Physically unsubstantiated parameters of the atrazine adsorption and degradation were obtained when the parameter of the hydrodynamic dispersion was determined from the data on the (18)O migration. The simulation also showed that the use of parameters obtained at water content close to saturation in the calculations for an unsaturated soil resulted in the overestimation of the leaching rate and the maximum concentration of atrazine in the output curve compared to the experimental data. C1 [Raymundo-Raymundo, E.; Hernandez-Vargas, J.; Nikol'skii, Yu N.; Gavi-Reyes, F.; Prado-Pano, B. L.; Figueroa-Sandoval, B.; Mendosa-Hernandez, J. R.] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Edo Mexico, Mexico. [Guber, A. K.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Raymundo-Raymundo, E (reprint author), Colegio Postgrad, Carretera Mexico Texcoco Km 36-5, Montecillo 56230, Edo Mexico, Mexico. EM andrey.guber@ars.usda.gov FU College of Postgraduate Studies of Mexico; Institute of Studies for Development (IRD) of France; [SEP-CON-ACYT-47293] FX This work was supported in part by the SEP-CON-ACYT-47293 Project of Mexico, the College of Postgraduate Studies of Mexico, and the Institute of Studies for Development (IRD) of France. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1064-2293 J9 EURASIAN SOIL SCI+ JI Eurasian Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 43 IS 5 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1134/S1064229310050108 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 616NL UT WOS:000279216000010 ER PT J AU Garrod, MG Allen, LH Haan, MN Green, R Miller, JW AF Garrod, M. G. Allen, L. H. Haan, M. N. Green, R. Miller, J. W. TI Transcobalamin C776G genotype modifies the association between vitamin B12 and homocysteine in older Hispanics SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE transcobalamin; polymorphism; homocysteine; vitamin B12; Hispanic elderly ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; HOLO-TRANSCOBALAMIN; GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; ELDERLY LATINOS; II GENE; RISK; COBALAMIN; HOLOTRANSCOBALAMIN; POPULATION AB Background/Objectives: A common polymorphism, C776G, in the plasma B12 transport protein transcobalamin (TC), encodes for either proline or arginine at codon 259. This polymorphism may affect the affinity of TC for B12 and subsequent delivery of B12 to tissues. Subjects/Methods: TC genotype and its associations with indicators of B12 status, including total B12, holotranscobalamin (holoTC), methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, were evaluated in a cohort of elderly Latinos (N = 554, age 60-93 years) from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA). Results: The distribution of TC genotypes was 41.3% homozygous reference (776CC) and 11.6% homozygous variant (776GG). No differences between the homozygous genotypes were observed in total B12, holoTC, methylmalonic acid or homocysteine. The holoTC/total B12 ratio was lower in the 776GG group compared with the 776CC group (P = 0.04). Significant interactions of TC genotype with total B12 (P 0.04) and with holoTC (P <= 0.03) were observed such that mean homocysteine concentrations and the odds ratios for hyperhomocysteinemia (>13 mu mol/l) were higher in the 776CC subjects compared with all carriers of the G allele (776CG and 776GG combined) when total B12 (<156pmol/l) or holoTC (<35 pmol/l) were low. Conclusions: This population of older Latinos has a lower prevalence of the TC 776GG variant than reported for Caucasian populations. The association between vitamin B12 and homocysteine concentrations is modified by TC 776 genotype. It remains to be determined whether the TC C776G polymorphism has a significant effect on the hematological and neurological manifestations of B12 deficiency or on vascular and other morbidities associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2010) 64, 503-509; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2010.20; published online 10 March 2010 C1 [Miller, J. W.] Univ Calif, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, UC Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Garrod, M. G.; Allen, L. H.] ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. [Allen, L. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Haan, M. N.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif, Dept Med Pathol & Lab Med, UC Davis Med Ctr, Res Bldg 3,Room 3200A,4645 2nd Ave, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM jwmiller@ucdavis.edu FU NIH [AG12975]; USDA [00-35200-9073]; Bristol-Meyers Squibb Foundation FX This study was financially supported by the NIH AG12975; USDA 00-35200-9073; and a Freedom to Discover pilot grant from Bristol-Meyers Squibb Foundation. We thank Teresa Ortiz, and the staff of the SALSA study for subject recruitment, phlebotomy, data collection and data management. We acknowledge the contribution of Rebecca Cotterman in blood sample processing and biochemical assessments. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 64 IS 5 BP 503 EP 509 DI 10.1038/ejcn.2010.20 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 591VJ UT WOS:000277332800010 PM 20216556 ER PT J AU Weiskittel, AR Maguire, DA Monserud, RA Johnson, GP AF Weiskittel, Aaron R. Maguire, Douglas A. Monserud, Robert A. Johnson, Gregory P. TI A hybrid model for intensively managed Douglas-fir plantations in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hybrid model; Thinning; Fertilization; Growth and yield; Oregon; Washington; Leaf area index; Soil temperature; Soil moisture; Soil nitrogen mineralization; Net primary production ID SWISS NEEDLE CAST; FOREST ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CARBON ALLOCATION; GROWTH-MODEL; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; INTERNAL CONDUCTANCE; COASTAL OREGON; LINKED CARBON AB Recent advances in traditional forest growth models have been achieved by linking growth predictions to key ecophysiological processes in a hybrid approach that combines the strengths of both empirical and process-based models. A hybrid model was constructed for intensively managed Douglas-fir plantations in the Pacific Northwest, USA, by embedding components representing fundamental physiological processes and detailed tree allometrics into an empirical growth model for projecting individual tree and stand development. The simulated processes operated at a variety of scales ranging from individual branches to trees and stands. The canopy structure submodel improved predictions of leaf area index at the stand level when compared to allometric and other empirical approaches (reducing mean square error by 30-42%). In addition, the hybrid model achieved accuracy in short-term volume growth prediction comparable to an empirical model. Biases in 4-year stand growth predictions from the hybrid model were similar to those from the empirical model under thinning, fertilization, and the combination of these treatments; however, volume growth predictions in unmanaged plantations averaged approximately 36% less bias. These improvements were attributed to detailed information on crown structure (i.e. size, location, and foliage mass of primary branches), simple representation of key physiological processes, and improved site characterization. Soil moisture, temperature, and nitrogen mineralization predicted by the hybrid model also agreed closely with observed values from several previous studies. Overall, the model framework will be helpful for future analyses as it can lend insight into the influence of weather and site edaphic factors on growth, help identify mechanisms of response to silvicultural treatments, and facilitate the design of sound management regimes for Douglas-fir plantations across the Pacific Northwest region. C1 [Weiskittel, Aaron R.] Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Maguire, Douglas A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Monserud, Robert A.] US Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Johnson, Gregory P.] Weyerhaeuser Co, Federal Way, WA 98063 USA. RP Weiskittel, AR (reprint author), Univ Maine, Sch Forest Resources, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM aaron.weiskittel@umit.maine.edu FU USDA FX Data were generously made available by Adrian Ares, Andreas Brunner, Hiroshii Ishii, Nathan McDowell, Cindy Prescott, Emily Sinkhorn, Lars Vesterdal, and the Stand Management Cooperative. Thanks to Uta Berger, David Marshall, David Hyink, Jenny Grace, and Hans Pretzsch for reviewing a previous version of this manuscript. This project was funded by the USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station. NR 64 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOREST RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 129 IS 3 BP 325 EP 338 DI 10.1007/s10342-009-0339-6 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 592WW UT WOS:000277413500007 ER PT J AU Qin, SP He, XH Hu, CS Zhang, YM Dong, WX AF Qin, Shuping He, Xinhua Hu, Chunsheng Zhang, Yuming Dong, Wenxu TI Responses of soil chemical and microbial indicators to conservational tillage versus traditional tillage in the North China Plain SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chemical parameters; Microbial parameters; Soil quality indicators; Tillage practices ID ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; BIOCHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; NITROGEN-MINERALIZATION; NITRATE REDUCTASE; LOESS PLATEAU; CROP RESIDUE; NO-TILLAGE; QUALITY; SYSTEMS; CULTIVATION AB This study compared the responses of soil chemical and microbial indicators to the conservational tillage (CT) versus traditional tillage (TT) in a Haplic Cambisol in the North China Plain (NCP). These indicators included soil organic C (SOC), soil total N (STN), soil available P (SAP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable Ca(2+) and Mg(2+), microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass N (MBN), alkaline phosphomonoesterase (AP), beta-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), nitrate reductase (NR), protease, urease and the geometric mean of the assayed enzymes (GMea). Our results showed that almost all investigated parameters, except the contents of CEC, Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and the ratios of GMea/MBN and C/N, were significantly higher under the CT (no-till, NT and reduced-till, RI) than those under the TT, whilst the crop yield was not significantly affected by tillage treatments. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that the first and second component explained 67.2% and 16.6% of the total variation, respectively. The first component was significantly correlated with GMea, MBC, MBN and beta-glucosidase, and effectively discriminated soils under the NT or RI from those under the IT. Our results indicated that the 6-year CT improved the quality of the Haplic Cambisol by enhancing its chemical and microbial properties, whilst GMea, MBC, MBN and beta-glucosidase were among the most effective indicators for monitoring these improvements. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Qin, Shuping; Hu, Chunsheng; Zhang, Yuming; Dong, Wenxu] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Agr Water Resources, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Shijiazhuang 050021, Peoples R China. [Qin, Shuping] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [He, Xinhua] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [He, Xinhua] Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Hu, CS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Agr Water Resources, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, Peoples R China. EM meimei841114@163.com RI Qin, Shuping /B-4451-2010; Hu, Chunsheng /F-2115-2014; He, Xinhua/B-8047-2015 OI He, Xinhua/0000-0002-5570-3454 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30870456]; ChineseAcademy of Sciences [KSCX2-YW-449, KZCX2-YW-Q02-02] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870456) and the Innovation Knowledge Project of the ChineseAcademy of Sciences (Grant Nos.KSCX2-YW-449 and KZCX2-YW-Q02-02). We are grateful to Ying Wang for soil sampling and Dr. L. Ma for manuscript modification. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1164-5563 J9 EUR J SOIL BIOL JI Eur. J. Soil Biol. PD MAY-AUG PY 2010 VL 46 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2010.04.006 PG 5 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 617PJ UT WOS:000279292900009 ER PT J AU Pierson, JC Allendorf, FW Saab, V Drapeau, P Schwartz, MK AF Pierson, Jennifer C. Allendorf, Fred W. Saab, Victoria Drapeau, Pierre Schwartz, Michael K. TI Do male and female black-backed woodpeckers respond differently to gaps in habitat? SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; movement barriers; mtDNA; Picoides arcticus; population genetic structure; sex-biased movement ID SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; POPULATION-GENETICS DATA; CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS; CROSSING DECISIONS; LANDSCAPE GENETICS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; NORTHERN POPULATIONS; AVIAN PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BREEDING DISPERSAL AB We used population- and individual-based genetic approaches to assess barriers to movement in black-backed woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus), a fire-specialist that mainly occupies the boreal forest in North America. We tested if male and female woodpeckers exhibited the same movement patterns using both spatially implicit and explicit genetic analyses to define population structure and movement patterns of both sexes among populations. Three genetic groups were identified, a large, genetically continuous population that spans from the Rocky Mountains to Quebec, a small isolated population in South Dakota and a separate population in the western portion of their distribution (Oregon). Patterns of genetic diversity suggest extensive gene flow mediated by both males and females within the continuous boreal forest. However, male-mediated gene flow is the main form of connectivity between the continuously distributed group and the smaller populations of South Dakota and Oregon that are separated by large areas of unforested habitat, which apparently serves as a barrier to movement of female woodpeckers. C1 [Pierson, Jennifer C.] Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Allendorf, Fred W.] Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Saab, Victoria] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Bozeman, MT USA. [Drapeau, Pierre] Univ Quebec, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Schwartz, Michael K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Pierson, JC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM jencpierson@gmail.com RI Pierson, Jennifer/I-1939-2012; Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014 OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367 FU Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Bureau of Land Management; Glacier National Park; Glacier Fund; U.S.D.A. Forest Service; Y2Y Science; Wilburforce Foundation; McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Research Program; National Center for Landscape Fire Analysis; Northwest Scientific Association and Five Valleys Audubon; P.E.O. Scholar Award; National Science Foundation; University of Montana FX We would like to thank J. Brininstool, M. Byall, M. Burriss, D. Cerasale, M. Edwards, E. Johnson, T. Loya, L. McFarland, C. Forristal, S. Meloy, K. Nittinger, L. Reynolds, E. Rindal, T. Swearingen, S. Story, C. Street, and N. Walker for assistance collecting field samples. J. Dudley provided several samples from Idaho, S. Pelech provided the Alberta samples, T. Juntti and M. Rumble provided several South Dakota samples. Laboratory assistance was provided by S. Amish, C. Engjker, K. Pilgrim, and S. Painter. We would like to thank Susan Haig, Tom Mullins, and Marta Vila for providing unpublished primers. Funding for this project was provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Bureau of Land Management, Glacier National Park, The Glacier Fund, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Y2Y Science Grants and Wilburforce Foundation, McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Research Program, National Center for Landscape Fire Analysis, Northwest Scientific Association and Five Valleys Audubon. Support for J. Pierson was provided by the American Association of University Women, P.E.O. Scholar Award, National Science Foundation and The University of Montana. NR 86 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00111.x PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 584YM UT WOS:000276790700003 PM 25567923 ER PT J AU Stevens, ES Klamczynski, A Glenn, GM AF Stevens, E. S. Klamczynski, A. Glenn, G. M. TI Starch-lignin foams SO EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; biodegradable polymers; starch; lignin; water absorption ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; BAKING PROCESS; KRAFT LIGNIN; COMPOSITES; WATER; FIBER; NANOCOMPOSITES; CORNSTARCH; DIFFUSION AB Although starch foams are well known as biodegradable alternatives to foamed polystyrene, starch-lignin foams have not previously been reported. Lignin is an abundant byproduct of paper manufacture usually burned as fuel for lack of higher-value uses. We have prepared novel starch-kraft lignin foams with a known technique similar to compression molding. Replacing 20% of the starch with lignin has no deleterious effect on density or morphology as indicated by scanning electron microscopy: a thin outer layer of approximately 100 mu m encloses a region of cellular structure containing 100-200 mu m voids, with the major internal region of the foam consisting of large voids of up to 1 mm in size. Powder X-ray diffraction shows residual structure in both starch and starch-lignin foams. Differential scanning calorimetry displays endothermic transitions in the starch foam but not in the starch-lignin foam, indicating that lignin stabilizes the residual starch structure. Lignin decreases water absorption; diffusion constants for the starch and starch-lignin foams are 2.68.10(-6) and 0.80.10(-6) cm(2)/sec, respectively. The flexural strength of the starch-lignin foam is similar to that of foamed polystyrene, the strain at maximum stress is smaller, and the modulus of elasticity is larger. C1 [Stevens, E. S.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Klamczynski, A.; Glenn, G. M.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Stevens, ES (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM stevens@binghamton.edu FU MeadWestvaco FX We thank MeadWestvaco for donations of Indulin AT. The technical assistance of Tina Williams, Marie Cope, and David M. Jenkins is gratefully acknowledged. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 31 PU BUDAPEST UNIV TECHNOL & ECON PI BUDAPEST PA DEPT POLYMER ENG, MUEGYETEM RKP 3, BUDAPEST, H-1111, HUNGARY SN 1788-618X J9 EXPRESS POLYM LETT JI Express Polym. Lett. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 5 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2010.39 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 582ZT UT WOS:000276641000007 ER PT J AU Kurtzman, CP Robnett, CJ AF Kurtzman, Cletus P. Robnett, Christie J. TI Systematics of methanol assimilating yeasts and neighboring taxa from multigene sequence analysis and the proposal of Peterozyma gen. nov., a new member of the Saccharomycetales SO FEMS YEAST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE yeasts; multigene phylogeny; new genus; methanol; Ogataea; Peterozyma ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS; OGATAEA; PICHIA; CANDIDA; GENERA; RELATEDNESS; DOROGENSIS; HANSENULA AB The relatedness among methanol-assimilating yeasts assigned to the genus Ogataea and neighboring taxa (Phylum Ascomycota, Subphylum Saccharomycotina, Class Saccharomycetes, Order Saccharomycetales) was determined from phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences for nuclear large and small subunit (SSU) rRNAs, translation elongation factor-1 alpha and mitochondrial SSU rRNA. On the basis of the analyses, Williopsis salicorniae and seven species of Pichia are proposed for transfer to the genus Ogataea, which has been emended, and Pichia angophorae, a nonhyphal species, is proposed for transfer to the mycelium forming genus Ambrosiozyma. Pichia toletana and Pichia xylosa form an independent lineage and are assigned to the genus Peterozyma, which is newly proposed. C1 [Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Robnett, Christie J.] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Kurtzman, CP (reprint author), USDA, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM cletus.kurtzman@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1567-1356 J9 FEMS YEAST RES JI FEMS Yeast Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 353 EP 361 DI 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2010.00625.x PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 582NM UT WOS:000276604700013 PM 20522116 ER PT J AU Palti, Y Rodriguez, MF Gahr, SA Purcell, MK Rexroad, CE Wiens, GD AF Palti, Yniv Rodriguez, M. Fernanda Gahr, Scott A. Purcell, Maureen K. Rexroad, Caird E., III Wiens, Gregory D. TI Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR1 loci in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toll-like receptor; TLR1; Rainbow trout; Innate immunity; Genetic map; Gene expression; Gene duplication ID TOLL-LIKE-RECEPTOR; NF-KAPPA-B; CUTTING EDGE; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; TETRAODON-NIGROVIRIDIS; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TELEOST FISH; HUMAN GENOME; FAMILY AB Induction of innate immune pathways is critical for early anti-microbial defense but there is limited understanding of how teleosts recognize microbial molecules and activate these pathways. In mammals, Toll-like receptors (TLR) 1 and 2 form a heterodimer involved in recognizing peptidoglycans and lipoproteins of microbial origin. Herein, we identify and describe the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) TLR1 gene ortholog and its mRNA expression. Two TLR1 loci were identified from a rainbow trout bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library using DNA sequencing and genetic linkage analyses. Full length cDNA clone and direct sequencing of four BACs revealed an intact omTLR1 open reading frame (ORF) located on chromosome 14 and a second locus on chromosome 25 that contains a TLR1 pseudogene. The duplicated trout loci exhibit conserved synteny with other fish genomes that extends beyond the TLR1 gene sequences. The omTLR1 gene includes a single large coding exon similar to all other described TLR1 genes, but unlike other teleosts it also has a 5' UTR exon and intron preceding the large coding exon. The omTLR1 ORF is predicted to encode an 808 amino-acid protein with 69% similarity to the Fugu TLR1 and a conserved pattern of predicted leucine-rich repeats (LRR). Phylogenetic analysis grouped omTLR1 with other fish TLR1 genes on a separate branch from the avian TLR1 and mammalian TLR1, 6 and 10. omTLR1 expression levels in rainbow trout anterior kidney leukocytes were not affected by the human TLR2/6 and TLR2/1 agonists diacylated lipoprotein (Pam(2)CSK(4)) and triacylated lipoprotein (Pam(3)CSK(4)). However, due to the lack of TLR6 and 10 genes in teleost genomes and up-regulation of TLR1 mRNA in response to LPS and bacterial infection in other fish species we hypothesize an important role for omTLR1 in anti-microbial immunity. Therefore, the identification of a TLR2 ortholog in rainbow trout and the development of assays to measure ligand binding and downstream signaling are critical for future elucidation of omTLR1 functions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Palti, Yniv; Rodriguez, M. Fernanda; Gahr, Scott A.; Rexroad, Caird E., III; Wiens, Gregory D.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Purcell, Maureen K.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Palti, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM yniv.palti@ars.usda.gov OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 NR 63 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 28 IS 5-6 BP 918 EP 926 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.002 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 598GD UT WOS:000277822100022 PM 20153434 ER PT J AU Paucar-Menacho, LM Amaya-Farfan, J Berhow, MA Mandarino, JMG de Mejia, EG Chang, YK AF Paucar-Menacho, Luz Maria Amaya-Farfan, Jaime Berhow, Mark A. Gontijo Mandarino, Jose Marcos de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez Chang, Yoon Kil TI A high-protein soybean cultivar contains lower isoflavones and saponins but higher minerals and bioactive peptides than a low-protein cultivar SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Soybean; Bioactive compounds; Lunasin; BBI; Lectins; Saponins; Isoflavones; Chemical score ID GROUP-A; LUNASIN; FOOD AB Soybean is a major source of protein and other nutrients and non-nutrient bioactives for human health. The objective was to compare the bioactive compounds of a low-protein (BRS 133) soybean in comparison to a high-protein (BRS 258) soybean cultivar. The high-protein soybean contained 17% lower carbohydrates and a lower chemical score (63) in relation to the low-protein soybean, which had a higher chemical score (76), associated with the higher methionine content (1.2%). Cultivar BRS 258 had more calcium (15.5%), phosphorus (30.1%), iron (18.7%). copper (9.0%) and zinc (11.5%), and a higher concentrations of lunasin, BBI and lectin (20.3%, 19.0% and 27.1%, respectively) than the low-protein cultivar. BRS 133 had 75.4% higher concentration of total isoflavones (5.1% of total aglycones) and 31.0% total saponins, as compared to BRS 258. It was concluded that the low-protein soybean cultivar contained higher isoflavones and saponins, but lower levels of minerals and bioactive peptides, such as lunasin. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Paucar-Menacho, Luz Maria; Chang, Yoon Kil] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Dept Food Technol, Fac Food Engn, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Paucar-Menacho, Luz Maria; de Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez] Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Amaya-Farfan, Jaime] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Dept Food & Nutr, Fac Food Engn, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Berhow, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Gontijo Mandarino, Jose Marcos] Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, PR, Brazil. RP Paucar-Menacho, LM (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Dept Food Technol, Fac Food Engn, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, BR-13083862 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM lpaucar@fea.unicamp.br FU CAPES-PEC PG; Embrapa Soybean and Embrapa Technology Transfer, Brazil; FAEPEX; Foundation for Teaching, Research and Extension (Unicamp) FX The authors wish to thank CAPES-PEC PG for the scholarship granted to Luz Maria Paucar-Menacho and Rodolfo Rohr Neto (So-Soja do Brasil Ltd.) and Kenji S. Narumiya (Sun Foods-Brasil) for the financial support. The donation of the soybean cultivars BRS 133 and 258 by Embrapa Soybean and Embrapa Technology Transfer, Brazil, and the FAEPEX Grant, from the Foundation for Teaching, Research and Extension (Unicamp) are also acknowledged. The authors are also grateful to MSc. Rosa Helena Aguiar, Mrs. Carla Greghi, Renato Grimaldi and Eder Muller Risso for their kind technical assistance, and to Patricia Luna Pizarro Ph.D., of the National University Of Jujuy, Argentina for her laboratorial support. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 120 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.062 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 548AL UT WOS:000273931100003 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Chen, CT Yin, JJ AF Wang, Shiow Y. Chen, Chi-Tsun Yin, Jun-Jie TI Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on antioxidants and fruit decay of blueberries SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Allyl isothiocyanate; Antioxidant activity; Anthocyanin; ESR; Total phenol; Rubus idaeus subsp. ID RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; PENICILLIUM-EXPANSUM; WASABIA-JAPONICA; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; EXTRACTS; RESISTANCE; OXYGEN; MECHANISMS AB The effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on radical scavenging capacity, and fruit decay of blueberries var. Duke (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was evaluated. Results from this study showed that AITC was effective in retarding blueberry decay during storage at 10 degrees C. However, AITC-treated fruit decreased the contents of total phenolics and anthocyanins. Compared to control, AITC-treated berries had lower scavenging capacities against radicals of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (pyroxyl radical; ORAC), hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity ((center dot)OH) and 2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(center dot)), but promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) radicals. The free radical scavenging properties of blueberry fruit with or without AITC treatment were also evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR). Results of the ESR measurements confirmed that free radical scavenging capacities against (center dot)OH, DPPH(center dot) and O(2)(center dot-) were lower in treated fruit than in control un-treated fruit. The results from this study indicate that AITC does not promote antioxidant property or scavenging of constitutive reactive oxygen species (ROS), but paradoxically generates additional amounts of ROS to inhibit the growth and proliferation of microbial cells, thereby reducing decay in fruit tissue. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Wang, Shiow Y.; Chen, Chi-Tsun] ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetable Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yin, Jun-Jie] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), ARS, Genet Improvement Fruit & Vegetable Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shiow.wang@ars.usda.gov RI Yin, Jun Jie /E-5619-2014 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 120 IS 1 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.007 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 548AL UT WOS:000273931100028 ER PT J AU Lin, LZ Harnly, JM AF Lin, Long-Ze Harnly, James M. TI Identification of the phenolic components of chrysanthemum flower (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Chrysanthemum flower; Chrysanthemum morifolium; Flavonaids; Caffeoylquinic acids; Chromatographic profile ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROFILES; ACID-DERIVATIVES; FLAVONOIDS; COMPOSITAE; LUTEOLIN; APIGENIN; EXTRACT AB A standardised profiling method based on liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionisation/mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MS) was used to identify 46 flavonoids and 17 caffeic acid derivatives in the aqueous methanol extract of Flos chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) (Compositae), an important Chinese herb. Fifteen caffeoylquinic acids and 15 flavonoids were positively identified and the remaining compounds were provisionally identified. The detected phenolics were present at concentrations greater than 0.001% of the dry plant material. Many of these phenolics have been reported to have human health benefits. Twenty-five compounds, including C-glycosylated flavones and aliphatic acid-containing caffeoylquinic acids, are reported for the first time in chrysanthemum flower, and this comprehensive analysis of the phenolic components of herb Flos chrysanthemum will be helpful for the quality control of this herb and its products, and to understand the usage and function. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lin, Long-Ze; Harnly, James M.] ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lin, LZ (reprint author), ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 161,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM longze.lin@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture; National Institutes of Health FX This research is supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture and an Interagency Agreement with the Office of Dietary Supplements of the National Institutes of Health. NR 24 TC 90 Z9 103 U1 6 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 120 IS 1 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.083 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 548AL UT WOS:000273931100046 ER PT J AU McQuestin, OJ Musgrove, MT Tamplin, ML AF McQuestin, Olivia J. Musgrove, Michael T. Tamplin, Mark L. TI Kinetics of growth and inactivation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 in pasteurised liquid egg products SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonellae; Food security; Antibiotic resistant; Salmonella Typhimurium; Egg storage ID EXPERIMENTALLY INOCULATED EGGS; RAW-MILK CHEESE; SHELL EGGS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; HEAT-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ENTERITIDIS; INFECTIONS; FOOD AB The potential impact of post-pasteurisation contamination of liquid egg products with the multi-antibiotic resistant pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104) was assessed by determining the viability of this bacterium in whole egg, albumen and 10% w/w sugared and salted yolk incubated at 4-42 degrees C. Results indicated that populations of S. Typhimurium DT104 were slowly inactivated in all four products when stored at 4 degrees C. However, based on the typical shelf-lives of cold-stored liquid egg, less than 0.6 log-kill would be achieved in those products prior to their use. Incubation at temperatures pertaining to abuse situations (10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees C) revealed an increasing potential for growth of S. Typhimurium DT104 in whole egg, albumen and sugared yolk, as indicated by trends in growth rate, lag duration and maximum population density. At even higher temperatures (30, 37 and 42 degrees C), growth rates of S. Typhimurium DT104 in whole egg and sugared yolk continued to increase. The same was true for S. Typhimurium DT104 in albumen except that growth was not observed at 42 degrees C and instead populations were inactivated within 30 h. At no temperature tested was S. Typhimurium DT104 able to grow in salted yolk. The influence of these growth and inactivation patterns on the risk of salmonellosis in relation to product type and storage temperature is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McQuestin, Olivia J.; Tamplin, Mark L.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Musgrove, Michael T.] ARS, USDA, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP McQuestin, OJ (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Sch Agr Sci, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM Olivia.McQuestin@utas.edu.au FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA), [58-0204-6-F154]; Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-0204-6-F154]; National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center; USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS); Australian Food Safety Centre of Excellence FX This work was supported through a Specific Cooperative Agreement (58-0204-6-F154) with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), by the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), and the Australian Food Safety Centre of Excellence. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 396 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.fm.2009.11.013 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 581YK UT WOS:000276561600011 PM 20227605 ER PT J AU Kawasaki, S Fratamico, PM Horikoshi, N Okada, Y Takeshita, K Sameshima, T Kawamoto, S AF Kawasaki, Susumu Fratamico, Pina M. Horikoshi, Naoko Okada, Yukio Takeshita, Kazuko Sameshima, Takashi Kawamoto, Shinichi TI Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Salmonella Species, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Ground Pork Samples SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PCR ASSAY; SPP.; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; TAQMAN; MEAT; FOOD; AMPLIFICATION; O157-H7; MILK AB Salmonella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are foodborne pathogens capable of causing serious gastrointestinal illness. We previously described simultaneous detection of these pathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 44 types of spiked food samples, including meat, produce, fish, and dairy products, targeting genes specific for each pathogen. Based on the previous work, a multiplex real-time PCR assay using fluorescent probes was developed to detect and accurately quantify Salmonella sp., L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157: H7 in ground pork samples. The detection sensitivity for this method was 2.0 x 10(2) CFU/mL for each pathogen, and the quantification range was 10(2)-10(7) CFU/mL with a high correlation coefficient (R(2) > 0.99) and high PCR efficiency (84.2% to 99.2%). When this protocol was used for the detection of each of the pathogens in spiked pork samples, one cell per 25 g of inoculated sample after enrichment for 20 h could be detected within 24 h. As a result, this multiplex real-time PCR assay will be valuable as a screening method for foods contaminated with these pathogens. C1 [Kawasaki, Susumu; Kawamoto, Shinichi] Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. [Fratamico, Pina M.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA USA. [Horikoshi, Naoko; Okada, Yukio; Takeshita, Kazuko; Sameshima, Takashi] PRIMA Meat Packers Ltd, Basic Res Dept, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Kawasaki, S (reprint author), Natl Food Res Inst, Food Hyg Lab, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. EM skawasa@affrc.go.jp FU Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan [DI-7107] FX This work was supported in part by a grant (Research project for ensuring food safety from farm to table, DI-7107) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of Japan. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 17 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0465 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 592EK UT WOS:000277358900009 PM 20132032 ER PT J AU Edrington, TS MacDonald, JC Farrow, RL Callaway, TR Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Edrington, Tom S. MacDonald, Jim C. Farrow, Russell L. Callaway, Todd R. Anderson, Robin C. Nisbet, David J. TI Influence of Wet Distiller's Grains on Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in Feedlot Cattle and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Generic Escherichia coli Isolates SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FECAL PREVALENCE; LACTOBACILLI; ENUMERATION; SOLUBLES; CORN AB The current research examined the inclusion of 20% wet distiller's grains (WDG) fed with steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC) in diets fed to feedlot cattle on fecal prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 272; average initial body weight (BW) = 354 kg) were blocked by BW and pen size and randomly assigned to treatment. Fecal samples from freshly voided fecal pats were collected from each pen on the day cattle shipped for slaughter (237 fecal samples: 72, 125, and 40 from cattle 132, 160, and 181 days on feed, respectively). Fecal samples were cultured quantitatively and qualitatively for the above pathogens. Populations of E. coli O157: H7 and Salmonella were generally low with very few samples containing quantifiable populations. Similarly, after enrichment, few samples were E. coli O157: H7 positive in any collection with no treatment differences (p > 0.10). More samples were Salmonella positive during the first collection with an increased (p < 0.05) prevalence observed in the SFC and DRC treatments compared with DRC + WDG treatment. No other treatment differences were observed for Salmonella. Putative fecal coliform isolates (18 per treatment; first collection) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, and the majority were susceptible to all of the antibiotics examined. Most of the resistance was observed in the SFC (n = 3) and DRC (n = 4) treatments, and only one isolate in each of the two WDG treatments demonstrated resistance (one antibiotic each, streptomycin and tetracycline). All multidrug resistance (2-4 antibiotics) was observed in isolates cultured from the DRC and SFC treatments (n = 2 isolates in each treatment). Results of the current research found no significant effect of feeding WDG to feedlot cattle on fecal prevalence, at time of shipment for slaughter, of E. coli O157: H7, and only modest differences (decreases) in Salmonella prevalence with no apparent affect on antimicrobial susceptibility of fecal coliform isolates. C1 [Edrington, Tom S.; Farrow, Russell L.; Callaway, Todd R.; Anderson, Robin C.; Nisbet, David J.] ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [MacDonald, Jim C.] Texas AgriLife Res Ctr, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Edrington, TS (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM edrington@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 605 EP 608 DI 10.1089/fpd.2009.0417 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 592EK UT WOS:000277358900017 PM 20132029 ER PT J AU Clausen, CA Coleman, RD Yang, VW AF Clausen, Carol A. Coleman, Robert D. Yang, Vina W. TI Fatty Acid-Based Formulations for Wood Protection against Mold and Sapstain SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Safer, highly effective biocides providing long-term protection of mold growth on wood-based materials is of interest to the wood protection industry. Moldicide formulations containing synergistic combinations of ingredients derived from natural sources are commonly recognized as a promising approach for the next generation of wood protectants. Although fatty acid (FA) based chemistry has had some development in food sanitation and agriculture, little exploration relating to new mold inhibitors for wood and wood products has occurred. Low molecular weight, saturated monocarboxylic acids combined with selected adjuvants can effectively inhibit mold spore germination. Specifically, formulations containing valeric or pentanoic (C5), hexanoic or caproic (C6), heptanoic (C7), caprylic or octanoic (C8), pelargonic or nonanoic (C9), and/or decanoic or capric (C10) saturated acid demonstrated efficacy against mold growth for up to 12 weeks in the ASTM D4445 standard laboratory test for mold. Pressure-treated wood was more resistant to mold growth than wood dip treated with FA formulations. C1 [Clausen, Carol A.; Yang, Vina W.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Coleman, Robert D.] Summerdale Inc, Verona, WI USA. RP Clausen, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM cclausen@fs.fed.us; colema95@msu.edu; vyang@fs.fed.us FU Coalition for Advanced Wood Structures FX This project was supported by the Coalition for Advanced Wood Structures. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 60 IS 3 BP 301 EP 304 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 669WI UT WOS:000283380500014 ER PT J AU Hill, BH McCormick, FH Harvey, BC Johnson, SL Warren, ML Elonen, CM AF Hill, Brian H. McCormick, Frank H. Harvey, Bret C. Johnson, Sherri L. Warren, Melvin L. Elonen, Colleen M. TI Microbial enzyme activity, nutrient uptake and nutrient limitation in forested streams SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial enzymes; nutrient uptake and limitation; streams ID TRANSPORT SYSTEM ACTIVITY; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ADDITION EXPERIMENTS; TRANSIENT STORAGE; RIVERINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; TEMPORAL VARIATION; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; WETLAND SOILS; ORGANIC C; RETENTION AB 1. We measured NH(4)(+) and PO(4)(- 3) uptake length (S(w)), uptake velocity (V(f)), uptake rate (U), biofilm respiration and enzyme activity and channel geomorphology in streams draining forested catchments in the northwestern (Northern California Coast Range and Cascade Mountains) and southeastern (Appalachian and Ouachita mountains) regions of the United States. Our goal was to use measures of biofilm enzyme activity and nutrient uptake to assess nutrient limitation in forested streams across broad regional scales. 2. Geomorphological attributes, biofilm enzyme activity and NH(4)(+) uptake were significantly different among streams in the four study units. There was no study unit effect on PO(4)(-3) uptake. The proportion of the stream channel in pools, % woody debris, % canopy closure, median substrate size (d(50)), stream width (w), stream velocity (v), discharge (Q), dispersion coefficient (D) and transient storage (A(s)/A) were correlated with biofilm enzyme activity and nutrient uptake in some study units. 3. Canonical correlation analyses across study units revealed significant correlations of NH(4)-V(f) and PO(4)-V(f) with geomorphological attributes (w, d(50), D, % woody debris, channel slope and % pools) and biofilm phosphatase activity. 4. The results did not support our expectation that carbon processing rates by biofilm microbial assemblages would be governed by stream nutrient availability or that resulting biofilm enzyme activity would be an indicator of nutrient uptake. However, the relative abundances of peptidases, phosphatase and glycosidases did yield insight into potential N-, P-and C-limitation of stream biofilm assemblages, and our use of biofilm enzyme activity represents a novel application for understanding nutrient limitations in forested streams. 5. Regressions of V(f) and U against ambient NH(4)(+) and PO(4)(-3) indicated that none of our study streams was either NH(4)(+) or PO(4)(-3) saturated. The Appalachian, Ouachita and Coastal streams showed evidence of NH(4)(+) limitation; the Ouachita and Coastal streams were PO(4)(-3) limited. As a correlate of nutrient limitation and saturation in streams, ratios of total aminopeptidase and phosphatase activities and the ratio of NH4-u to PO(4)-u indicate these forested streams are predominantly N-limited, with only the streams draining Ouachita and Coastal catchments demonstrating appreciable levels of P-limitation. C1 [Hill, Brian H.; Elonen, Colleen M.] US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. [McCormick, Frank H.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. [Harvey, Bret C.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA USA. [Johnson, Sherri L.] US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. [Warren, Melvin L.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS USA. RP Hill, BH (reprint author), US EPA, Midcontinent Ecol Div, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. EM hill.brian@epa.gov RI Hill, Brian/E-6799-2013 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research; Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research; Large-scale Research; Southern Research Station; U.S. Forest Service FX The authors wish to thank Alan Clingenpeel (Ouachita National Forest) and Jami Nettles (Weyerhaeuser Corporation) for numerous courtesies and the Weyerhaeuser Corporation and Green Diamond Resource Company for access to streams on their land. We are indebted to our field crews: Appalachians-Nathan Stover (U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station); Ouachitas-Mike Carpenter, Clifford Harwell, Gordon McWhirter, Jay Swofford, Jim Whiteside (US Forest Service, Southern Research Station) and Gary Miller (Weyerhaeuser Corporation); Coastal-Rodney Nakamoto and Jason White (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station); and Cascades - Alex Stocker, Emily Hill and Seth White (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station). Funding for this research was provided to the U.S. Forest Service by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Additional support was provided from the Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research and Ouachita Mountains Ecosystem Management Research Project, Large-scale Research, Southern Research Station, U.S. Forest Service. This document has been reviewed by the U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, NationalHealth and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1019 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02337.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 583EF UT WOS:000276655200007 ER PT J AU Hawkins, CP Cao, Y Roper, B AF Hawkins, Charles P. Cao, Yong Roper, Brett TI Method of predicting reference condition biota affects the performance and interpretation of ecological indices SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecological assessments; environmental gradients; modelling; reference condition; simulation ID RIVPACS-TYPE MODELS; BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; BIOASSESSMENT METHODS; BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY; CONTINENTAL-SCALE; RARE TAXA; STREAMS; ASSEMBLAGES; QUALITY; CLASSIFICATIONS AB 1. The statistical rigour and interpretability of ecological assessments is strongly affected by how well we predict the biological assemblages expected to occur in the absence of human-caused stress, i.e. the reference condition. In this study, we examined how the specific method used to predict the reference condition affected the performance of two commonly used types of ecological index: RIVPACS-based O/E indices and multimetric indices (MMIs). 2. These two types of index have generally relied on different approaches to predicting the reference condition. For MMIs, some type of regionalisation is typically used to describe the range of metric values among reference sites and hence the expected range at assessed sites. For O/E indices, continuous modelling is used to predict how the biota varies among sites both among and within regions. Because the prediction method differs for these two types of index, it has been impossible to judge if differences in index performance (accuracy, precision, responsiveness and sensitivity) are caused by differences in the way reference condition biota are predicted or by differences in what the indices measure. 3. We used a common data set of 94 reference sites and 255 managed sites and the same potential set of predictor variables to compare the performance of five different MMIs and three O/E indices that were derived from different prediction methods: null models, multiple linear regression (MLR), classification and regression trees, Random Forests (RF) and linear discriminant functions models (LDM). We then calculated values of these indices for samples collected from the managed catchments as well as samples collected from 13 reference sites that were progressively altered in known ways by a simulation programme. 4. Both the type of predictor used and the type of index affected overall index performance. Modelled indices generally had the greatest sensitivity in assessing managed sites as biologically different from reference. Index sensitivity was determined by both an aspect of index precision (10th percentile of reference condition values) and responsiveness. The O/E indices showed the best scope of response to known biological alteration. All three O/E indices decreased linearly in response to simulated alteration in both overall assemblage structure (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) and taxa loss. The MMIs declined linearly from low to intermediate levels of assemblage alteration but were less responsive between intermediate and high levels of biological alteration. 5. Insights gained from simulations can aid in testing assumptions regarding index response to stress and help ensure that we select indices that are ecologically interpretable and most useful to resource managers. C1 [Hawkins, Charles P.; Cao, Yong; Roper, Brett] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Ctr Ecol, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Roper, Brett] US Forest Serv, Fish & Aquat Ecol Unit, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Logan, UT USA. RP Hawkins, CP (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Ctr Ecol, Western Ctr Monitoring & Assessment Freshwater Ec, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM chuck.hawkins@usu.edu RI Roper, Brett/F-2891-2010; Hawkins, Charles/A-4530-2008 OI Hawkins, Charles/0000-0003-1247-0248 FU USDA Forest Service; USDI Bureau of Land Management; EPA [R-82863701] FX This study was supported by the USDA Forest Service and the USDI Bureau of Land Management. Data were collected by the Pacfish/Infish Biological Effectiveness Monitoring Program. We are grateful to Rick Henderson for organising the environmental data and John Olson and Ryan Hill for deriving climate data. Completion of the work was facilitated by support from EPA Science To Achieve Results (STAR) grants R-82863701 and R-82863701. John Van Sickle and a second reviewer made recommendations that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 71 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1066 EP 1085 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02357.x PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 583EF UT WOS:000276655200011 ER PT J AU Abebe, T Melmaiee, K Berg, V Wise, RP AF Abebe, Tilahun Melmaiee, Kalpalatha Berg, Virginia Wise, Roger P. TI Drought response in the spikes of barley: gene expression in the lemma, palea, awn, and seed SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Awn; Drought; Lemma; Palea; Seed; Transcriptome ID WATER-DEFICIT; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; REACTIVE OXYGEN; REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; MAIZE ENDOSPERM; ABSCISIC-ACID; SALT STRESS; PROTEINS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCUMULATION AB The photosynthetic organs of the barley spike (lemma, palea, and awn) are considered resistant to drought. However, there is little information about gene expression in the spike organs under drought conditions. We compared response of the transcriptome of the lemma, palea, awn, and seed to drought stress using the Barley1 Genome Array. Barley plants were exposed to drought treatment for 4 days at the grain-filling stage by withholding water. At the end of the stress, relative water content of the lemma, palea, and awn dropped from 85% to 60%. Nevertheless, the water content of the seed only decreased from 89% to 81%. Transcript abundance followed the water status of the spike organs; the awn had more drought-regulated genes followed by lemma and palea, and the seed showed very little change in gene expression. Despite expressing more drought-associated genes, many genes for amino acid, amino acid derivative, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as for photosynthesis, respiration, and stress response, were down-regulated in the awn compared with the lemma, palea, and seed. This suggests that the lemma and the palea are more resistant to drought stress compared with the awn. C1 [Abebe, Tilahun; Melmaiee, Kalpalatha; Berg, Virginia] Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wise, Roger P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Abebe, T (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. EM Tilahun.Abebe@uni.edu; kmelmaiee@desu.edu FU Board of Regents of the State of Iowa; Office of Sponsored Programs; Graduate College; College of Natural Sciences; Department of Biology of the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa FX We thank Diveena Vijeyandran, Aaron Walck, Ng Eng Hwa, Emily Jackson, and Justin Wilkins for their help on sample collection and RNA extraction and Matthew Moscou for initial analysis of the data set. We are grateful to Billie Hemmer and Stephanie Witt for assistance in growing plants. We thank Dr. Tesfaye Mersha for his advice on statistical analysis. This work was supported by the Board of Regents of the State of Iowa and the Office of Sponsored Programs, the Graduate College, the College of Natural Sciences and the Department of Biology of the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa. We thank Dr. Ronald W. Skadsen for his valuable comments. NR 56 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 191 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10142-009-0149-4 PG 15 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 590QA UT WOS:000277240800005 PM 19936810 ER PT J AU Yu, XM Wang, XJ Wang, CF Chen, XM Qu, ZP Yu, XD Han, QM Zhao, J Guo, J Huang, LL Kang, ZS AF Yu, Xiumei Wang, Xiaojie Wang, Chenfang Chen, Xianming Qu, Zhipeng Yu, Xiudao Han, Qingmei Zhao, Jie Guo, Jun Huang, Lili Kang, Zhensheng TI Wheat defense genes in fungal (Puccinia striiformis) infection SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Wheat stripe rust; Expressed sequence tag (EST); Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH); Qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); Resistance ID F-SP TRITICI; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; ANALOG POLYMORPHISM MARKERS; PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; REACTIVE OXYGEN; STRIPE RUST; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. To isolate defense-related genes against the pathogen, a suppression subtractive hybridization library was constructed for an incompatible interaction. From the library, 652 sequences were determined to be unigenes, of which 31 were determined as genes involved in signal transduction and 77 were predicted to encode defense-related proteins. Expression patterns of 12 selected signal transduction and defense-related genes were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Signal transduction genes started increasing their expression at 12 h post inoculation (hpi), and expressions of the most of the transport and resistance-related genes were induced at 18 hpi. The gene expression results indicate specific molecular and cellular activities during the incompatible interaction between wheat and the stripe rust pathogen. In general, the expression increase of wheat signal transduction genes soon after inoculation with the pathogen inducing various defense-related genes, including reactive oxygen species, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, pathogenesis-related proteins, and genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The activities of these defense genes work in a sequential and concerted manner to result in a hypersensitive response. C1 [Yu, Xiumei; Wang, Xiaojie; Wang, Chenfang; Qu, Zhipeng; Yu, Xiudao; Han, Qingmei; Zhao, Jie; Guo, Jun; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Yu, Xiumei; Wang, Xiaojie; Wang, Chenfang; Qu, Zhipeng; Yu, Xiudao; Han, Qingmei; Zhao, Jie; Guo, Jun; Huang, Lili; Kang, Zhensheng] NW A&F Univ, Shaanxi Key Lab Mol Biol Agr, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, Xianming] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Kang, ZS (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. EM kangzhensheng@hotmail.com RI Zhao, jing/B-7349-2008; OI Wang, Xiaojie/0000-0001-9968-0373 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB101901]; earmarked fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University; Ministry of Education of China [200558, B07049]; Nature Science Foundation of China [30930064] FX This study was supported financially by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB101901), the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, Ministry of Education of China (No. 200558), the Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 30930064), and the 111 Project from Ministry of Education of China (B07049). NR 45 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 2 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s10142-010-0161-8 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 590QA UT WOS:000277240800008 PM 20186453 ER PT J AU Evans, HC Groden, E Bischoff, JF AF Evans, Harry C. Groden, Eleanor Bischoff, Joseph F. TI New fungal pathogens of the red ant, Myrmica rubra, from the UK and implications for ant invasions in the USA SO FUNGAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Classical biological control; Hirsutella; Invasion biology; Molecular phylogenetics; Ophiocordyceps; Paraisaria; Pathogenicity ID TROPICAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HYMENOPTERA-FORMICIDAE; ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI; COMPLEX; DIVERSIFICATION; ARTHROPODS; EVOLUTION; RELEASE; GENUS AB The red ant, Myrmica rubra, is an increasingly invasive pest species in north-eastern USA, where it is known as the European fire ant. During surveys for natural enemies in part of its native range in the UK, three previously unreported fungal pathogens developed on ants when incubated in the laboratory. These are described and illustrated: Paraisaria myrmicarum sp. nov., Hirsutella stilbelliformis var. myrmicarum var. nov., and Hirsutella subramanianii var. myrmicarum var. nov. Based on analyses of the protein coding region EF-1 alpha and LSU rDNA, all three described taxa are shown to be affiliated with the hypocrealean family Ophiocordycipitaceae. The implications for the management of M. rubra in its exotic North American range using classical biological control are discussed. (C) 2010 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Evans, Harry C.] CAB Int, E UK Ctr, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. [Groden, Eleanor] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Bischoff, Joseph F.] USDA APHIS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, HC (reprint author), CAB Int, E UK Ctr, Bakeham Lane, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. EM h.evans@cabi.org NR 55 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1878-6146 EI 1878-6162 J9 FUNGAL BIOL-UK JI Fungal Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 114 IS 5-6 BP 451 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.funbio.2010.03.007 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 618XI UT WOS:000279389000008 PM 20943156 ER PT J AU Atallah, ZK Maruthachalam, K du Toit, L Koike, ST Davis, RM Klosterman, SJ Hayes, RJ Subbarao, KV AF Atallah, Zahi K. Maruthachalam, Karunakaran du Toit, Lindsey Koike, Steven T. Davis, R. Michael Klosterman, Steven J. Hayes, Ryan J. Subbarao, Krishna V. TI Population analyses of the vascular plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae detect recombination and transcontinental gene flow SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Verticillium dahliae; Population genetics; Gene flow; Migration; Vegetables; California; Lettuce; Spinach; Microsatellites; Population structure ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; INDUCED POINT MUTATION; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; COALESCENT APPROACH; DIVERSITY; GENOTYPE; PROGRAM; MARKERS; FUNGI AB The fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae has resulted in significant losses in numerous crops in coastal California, but lettuce remained unaffected until the mid-1990s. Since then outbreaks have decimated entire fields, but the causes of this sudden susceptibility of lettuce remain elusive. The population structure of V. dahliae isolated from coastal California (n = 123) was investigated with 22 microsatellite markers, and compared with strains from tomato in central California (n = 60), spinach seed imported from Washington State and Northern Europe (n = 43), and ornamentals from Wisconsin (n = 17). No significant differentiation was measured among hosts in coastal California or with the spinach and Wisconsin ornamental sampling groups. In contrast, the tomato sampling group was significantly differentiated. Significant gene flow was measured among the various geographic and host sampling groups, with the exception of tomato. Evidence of recombination in V. dahliae was identified through gametic disequilibrium and an exceedingly high genotypic diversity. The high incidence of V. dahliae in spinach seed and high planting density of the crop are sources of recurrent gene flow into coastal California, and may be associated with the recent outbreaks in lettuce. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Atallah, Zahi K.; Maruthachalam, Karunakaran; Subbarao, Krishna V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Salinas, CA USA. [du Toit, Lindsey] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Mt Vernon, WA USA. [Koike, Steven T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. [Davis, R. Michael] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Klosterman, Steven J.; Hayes, Ryan J.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU SDA-CSREES-CAR program [2007-02966]; USDA-CSREES-NRI [0627011] FX The critique and suggestions of Dr. P. Inderbitzin are kindly recognized. Funding from the USDA-CSREES-CAR program (proposal number 2007-02966), the California Leafy Greens Research Program, The California Tomato Research Institute and several seed companies, which facilitated this research, is gratefully acknowledged. We also recognize support from the USDA-CSREES-NRI (Proposal Number 0627011), which enabled identification of the SSR markers present in V. dahliae, strain VdLs.17. The authors also extend their gratitude to the senior editor and reviewers of the manuscript. Author Contributions: Conceived project: ZKA, SJK, RJH. Performed experiments: ZKA, KM. Analyzed data: ZKA. Wrote article: ZKA, KVS. Contributed strains of V. dahliae: LJdT, RMD, STK. NR 46 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 416 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2010.02.003 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 585CI UT WOS:000276801500003 PM 20149887 ER PT J AU Li, ZG Yin, WB Guo, HA Song, LY Chen, YH Guan, RZ Wang, JQ Wang, RRC Hu, ZM AF Li, Zhi-Guo Yin, Wei-Bo Guo, Huan Song, Li-Ying Chen, Yu-Hong Guan, Rong-Zhan Wang, Jing-Qiao Wang, Richard R. -C. Hu, Zan-Min TI Genes encoding the alpha-carboxyltransferase subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from Brassica napus and parental species: cloning, expression patterns, and evolution SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Brassica; acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase); alpha-CT; evolution ID COENZYME-A CARBOXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; BIOTIN CARBOXYLASE; DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; LIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CARRIER PROTEIN; GENOME; PLANTS AB Heteromeric acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis in dicots, is a multi-enzyme complex consisting of biotin carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and carboxyltransferase (alpha-CT and beta-CT). In the present study, four genes encoding alpha-CT were cloned from Brassica napus, and two were cloned from each of the two parental species, B. rapa and B. oleracea. Comparative and cluster analyses indicated that these genes were divided into two major groups. The major divergence between group-1 and group-2 occurred in the second intron. Group-2 alpha-CT genes represented the ancestral form in the genus Brassica. The divergence of group-1 and group-2 genes occurred in their common ancestor 12.96-17.78 million years ago (MYA), soon after the divergence of Arabidopsis thaliatza and Brassica (15-20 MYA). This time of divergence is identical to that reported for the paralogous subgenomes of diploid Brassica species (13-17 MYA). Real-time reverse transcription PCR revealed that the expression patterns of the two groups of genes were similar in different organs, except in leaves. To better understand the regulation and evolution of a-CT genes, promoter regions from two sets of orthologous gene copies from B. napus, B. rapa, and B. oleracea were cloned and compared. The function of the promoter of gene Bars-CT-I-I in group-1 and gene Bna-CT-2-I in group-2 was examined by assaying p-glucuronidase activity in transgenic A. thaliana. Our results will be helpful in elucidating the evolution and regulation of ACCase in oilseed rape. C1 [Li, Zhi-Guo; Yin, Wei-Bo; Guo, Huan; Song, Li-Ying; Chen, Yu-Hong; Hu, Zan-Min] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhi-Guo; Guo, Huan; Song, Li-Ying] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Guan, Rong-Zhan] Nanjing Agr Univ, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jing-Qiao] Yunnan Agr Acad, Inst Econ Crops, Kunming 65023, Peoples R China. [Wang, Richard R. -C.] Utah State Univ, USDA, ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hu, ZM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM zmhu@genetics.ac.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006CB101600, 2006AA10A113, 2007AA100505]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX-YW-N-009] FX This research was supported by a "973" project (2006CB101600) and an "863" project (2006AA10A113, 2007AA100505) of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the project KSCX-YW-N-009 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2010 VL 53 IS 5 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.1139/G10-011 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 616XD UT WOS:000279243900004 PM 20616867 ER PT J AU Kang, ST Mian, MAR AF Kang, Sung-Taeg Mian, M. A. Rouf TI Genetic map of the powdery mildew resistance gene in soybean PI 243540 SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE powdery mildew; Microsphaera diffusa; soybean; resistance gene ID APHID RESISTANCE; LINKAGE MAP; YIELD; RMD; INHERITANCE; PI-243540; LOSSES; RPS2; RJ2 AB Powdery mildew (caused by Microsphaera diffusa Cooke & Peck) is a common disease of soybean in many soybean-growing regions of the world and under greenhouse conditions. The previously reported Rmd locus of soybean for resistance to powdery mildew was mapped on soybean molecular linkage group J (chromosome 16). We have discovered a single dominant gene in PI 243540 that provides season-long resistance to powdery mildew. The objective of this study was to map the powdery mildew resistance gene in PI 243540 with PCR-based molecular markers. One hundred eighty-four F(2) plants and their F(2:3) families from a cross between the powdery mildew susceptible cultivar 'Wyandot' and PI 243540 were screened with M. diffusa in greenhouses. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with SSR markers was used to identify the tentative genomic location of the gene. The BSA localized the gene to a genomic region in soybean chromosome 16. A linkage map with seven SSR and six SNP markers flanking the gene was constructed. We positioned the gene between SSR marker Sat_224 and SNP marker BARC-021875-04228 at distances of 9.6 and 1.3 cM from the markers, respectively. The map position of the gene was slightly different from previously reported map positions of the only known Rmd locus. We have mapped a single dominant gene, tentatively called Rmd_PI243540, near the previously known Rmd locus on chromosome 16. The molecular markers flanking the gene will be useful for marker-assisted selection of this gene. C1 [Kang, Sung-Taeg; Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, USDA, ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kang, Sung-Taeg; Mian, M. A. Rouf] Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Kang, Sung-Taeg] RDA, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon 441857, South Korea. RP Mian, MAR (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, USDA, ARS, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mian.3@osu.edu FU USDA-ARS; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-677-F00001] FX We thank Jane Todd, Tim Mendiola, and Scott Bell for their technical help in this study. This study was supported by USDA-ARS. It was also partly supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-677-F00001). NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD MAY PY 2010 VL 53 IS 5 BP 400 EP 405 DI 10.1139/G10-015 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 616XD UT WOS:000279243900007 PM 20616870 ER PT J AU Liu, GE Hou, YL Zhu, B Cardone, MF Jiang, L Cellamare, A Mitra, A Alexander, LJ Coutinho, LL Dell'Aquila, ME Gasbarre, LC Lacalandra, G Li, RW Matukumalli, LK Nonneman, D Regitano, LCD Smith, TPL Song, JZ Sonstegard, TS Van Tassell, CP Ventura, M Eichler, EE McDaneld, TG Keele, JW AF Liu, George E. Hou, Yali Zhu, Bin Cardone, Maria Francesca Jiang, Lu Cellamare, Angelo Mitra, Apratim Alexander, Leeson J. Coutinho, Luiz L. Dell'Aquila, Maria Elena Gasbarre, Lou C. Lacalandra, Gianni Li, Robert W. Matukumalli, Lakshmi K. Nonneman, Dan Regitano, Luciana C. de A. Smith, Tim P. L. Song, Jiuzhou Sonstegard, Tad S. Van Tassell, Curt P. Ventura, Mario Eichler, Evan E. McDaneld, Tara G. Keele, John W. TI Analysis of copy number variations among diverse cattle breeds SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; INBRED MOUSE STRAINS; SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS; STRUCTURAL VARIATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BOVINE GENOME; HUMAN-DISEASE; COMMON VARIANTS; ARRAY CGH; POLYMORPHISM AB Genomic structural variation is an important and abundant source of genetic and phenotypic variation. Here, we describe the first systematic and genome-wide analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) in modern domesticated cattle using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The array CGH panel included 90 animals from 11 Bos taurus, three Bos indicus, and three composite breeds for beef, dairy, or dual purpose. We identified over 200 candidate CNV regions (CNVRs) in total and 177 within known chromosomes, which harbor or are adjacent to gains or losses. These 177 high-confidence CNVRs cover 28.1 megabases or similar to 1.07% of the genome. Over 50% of the CNVRs (89/177) were found in multiple animals or breeds and analysis revealed breed-specific frequency differences and reflected aspects of the known ancestry of these cattle breeds. Selected CNVs were further validated by independent methods using qPCR and FISH. Approximately 67% of the CNVRs (119/177) completely or partially span cattle genes and 61% of the CNVRs (108/177) directly overlap with segmental duplications. The CNVRs span about 400 annotated cattle genes that are significantly enriched for specific biological functions, such as immunity, lactation, reproduction, and rumination. Multiple gene families, including ULBP, have gone through ruminant lineage-specific gene amplification. We detected and confirmed marked differences in their CNV frequencies across diverse breeds, indicating that some cattle CNVs are likely to arise independently in breeds and contribute to breed differences. Our results provide a valuable resource beyond microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms to explore the full dimension of genetic variability for future cattle genomic research. C1 [Liu, George E.; Hou, Yali; Gasbarre, Lou C.; Li, Robert W.; Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.; Sonstegard, Tad S.; Van Tassell, Curt P.] USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Hou, Yali; Mitra, Apratim; Song, Jiuzhou] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhu, Bin; Jiang, Lu] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cardone, Maria Francesca; Cellamare, Angelo; Ventura, Mario] Univ Bari, Dept Genet & Microbiol, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Alexander, Leeson J.] USDA ARS, LARRL, Ft Keogh Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Coutinho, Luiz L.] ESALQ USP, Dept Zootecnia, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Dell'Aquila, Maria Elena; Lacalandra, Gianni] Fac Biotechnol Sci, Dept Anim Prod, I-70010 Bari, Italy. [Matukumalli, Lakshmi K.] George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. [Nonneman, Dan; Smith, Tim P. L.; McDaneld, Tara G.; Keele, John W.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Regitano, Luciana C. de A.] Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eichler, Evan E.] Univ Washington, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Liu, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Liu@ars.usda.gov; John.Keele@ars.usda.gov RI Keele, John/A-5846-2009; Ventura, Mario/E-6420-2011; Zhu, Bin/E-4911-2010; Coutinho, Luiz/C-8455-2012; Cardone, Maria Francesca/G-8818-2012; Regitano, Luciana/C-7002-2012; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; Ventura, Mario/0000-0001-7762-8777; Cardone, Maria Francesca/0000-0002-7597-7313; Regitano, Luciana/0000-0001-9242-8351; Dell'Aquila, Maria Elena/0000-0003-3629-7005; Lacalandra, Giovanni M/0000-0001-9109-3561 FU USDA CSREES [2007-35205-17869]; USDA-ARS [1265-31000-098-00]; NIH [GM058815] FX We thank members of the Bovine HapMap Consortium for sharing their samples. We thank D. Hebert, T. Brown, W. Gang, and H. Preston for technical assistance. This work was supported in part by NRI grant no. 2007-35205-17869 from USDA CSREES (now NIFA) and Project 1265-31000-098-00 from USDA-ARS. E.E.E. is supported by NIH grant GM058815 and is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 85 TC 116 Z9 123 U1 4 U2 35 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 20 IS 5 BP 693 EP 703 DI 10.1101/gr.105403.110 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 590RK UT WOS:000277244800015 PM 20212021 ER PT J AU Luo, CY Xu, GP Chao, ZG Wang, SP Lin, XW Hu, YG Zhang, ZH Duan, JC Chang, XF Su, AL Li, YN Zhao, XQ Du, MY Tang, YH Kimball, B AF Luo, Caiyun Xu, Guangping Chao, Zengguo Wang, Shiping Lin, Xingwu Hu, Yigang Zhang, Zhenhua Duan, Jichuang Chang, Xiaofeng Su, Ailing Li, Yingnian Zhao, Xinquan Du, Mingyuan Tang, Yanghong Kimball, Bruce TI Effect of warming and grazing on litter mass loss and temperature sensitivity of litter and dung mass loss on the Tibetan plateau SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alpine meadow; climate change; decomposition; dung; global change; grazing; infrared; litter; temperature sensitivity; warming ID SOIL-NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; LEAF-LITTER; DECOMPOSITION RATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ORGANIC-CARBON; LIGNIN CONTROL; ARCTIC TUNDRA; FOREST LITTER; COLD BIOMES AB Knowledge about the role of litter and dung decomposition in nutrient cycling and response to climate change and grazing in alpine ecosystems is still rudimentary. We conducted two separate studies to assess the relative role of warming and grazing on litter mass loss and on the temperature sensitivity of litter and dung mass loss. Experiments were conducted for 1-2 years under a controlled warming-grazing system and along an elevation gradient from 3200 to 3800 m. A free-air temperature enhancement system (FATE) using infrared heaters and grazing significantly increased soil temperatures (average 0.5-1.6 degrees C) from 0 to 40 cm depth, but neither warming nor grazing affected soil moisture except early in the growing seasons at 30 cm soil depth. Heaters caused greater soil warming at night-time compared with daytime, but grazing resulted in greater soil warming during daytime compared with night-time. Annual average values of the soil temperature at 5 cm were 3.2, 2.4 and 0.3 degrees C at 3200, 3600 and 3800 m, respectively. Neither warming nor grazing caused changes of litter quality for the first year of the controlled warming-grazing experiment. The effects of warming and grazing on litter mass losses were additive, increasing litter mass losses by about 19.3% and 8.3%, respectively, for the 2-year decomposition periods. The temperature sensitivity of litter mass losses was approximately 11% degrees C-1 based on the controlled warming-grazing experiment. The annual cumulative litter mass loss was approximately 2.5 times that of dung along the elevation gradient. However, the temperature sensitivity (about 18% degrees C-1) of the dung mass loss was about three times that of the litter mass loss. These results suggest greater warming at night-time compared with daytime may accelerate litter mass loss, and grazing will enhance carbon loss to atmosphere in the region through a decrease of litter biomass and an increase of dung production with an increase of stocking rate in future warmer conditions. C1 [Luo, Caiyun; Xu, Guangping; Chao, Zengguo; Wang, Shiping; Hu, Yigang; Zhang, Zhenhua; Duan, Jichuang; Chang, Xiaofeng; Su, Ailing; Li, Yingnian; Zhao, Xinquan] Chinese Acad Sci, NW Inst Plateau Biol, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Xining 810008, Peoples R China. [Luo, Caiyun; Xu, Guangping; Chao, Zengguo; Hu, Yigang; Zhang, Zhenhua; Duan, Jichuang; Chang, Xiaofeng; Su, Ailing] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Lin, Xingwu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Du, Mingyuan] Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. [Tang, Yanghong] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Kimball, Bruce] ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, NW Inst Plateau Biol, Key Lab Adaptat & Evolut Plateau Biota, Xining 810008, Peoples R China. EM wangship2008@yahoo.cn RI Tang, Yanhong/B-1699-2010; OI Tang, Yanhong/0000-0001-7207-1965; Du, Mingyuan/0000-0003-0373-1661 FU Knowledge Innovation Programs [KZCX2-XB2-06-01/YW-N-040]; Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Commission [30871824]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qinghai Science and Technology Bureau FX This research was funded by the Knowledge Innovation Programs (KZCX2-XB2-06-01/YW-N-040), the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Commission (30871824), the '100-Talent Program' of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Qinghai Science and Technology Bureau. NR 66 TC 60 Z9 74 U1 20 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1606 EP 1617 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02026.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 583RG UT WOS:000276696100015 ER PT J AU Schreiner, RP AF Schreiner, R. Paul TI Foliar Sprays Containing Phosphorus (P) Have Minimal Impact on 'Pinot noir' Growth and P Status, Mycorrhizal Colonization, and Fruit Quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; phosphate; phosphite; Vitis vinifera ID VITIS-VINIFERA L.; PHOSPHATE-STARVATION RESPONSE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; PLANT; FUNGI; IRRIGATION; VINEYARD; ROOTS; GRAPEVINES; FERTILIZER AB Grapevines grown in low-phosphorus (P) soils typical of western Oregon vineyards may benefit from additional P applied to the canopy using foliar sprays. Alternatively, vines may be negatively affected by foliar P sprays because lower root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could reduce uptake of other nutrients or increase vine water stress. The impact of foliar P sprays on vine growth, vine nutrient and water status, AMF colonization, and fruit yield and quality was studied in two 'Pinot noir' vineyards with a history of low vine P status over 3 years. Three foliar spray treatments [phosphite, phosphate, water (control)] were applied to vines three times each season using a standard air-blast sprayer at a commercial vineyard. Two foliar spray treatments (phosphite, water) were applied using a hand sprayer at a smaller research vineyard. Phosphite sprays increased leaf blade and petiole P concentrations and reduced arbuscular colonization of roots at the research vineyard, but neither phosphate nor phosphite significantly affected these variables at the commercial vineyard. Foliar P sprays had no effect on vine growth, vine water relations (leaf water potential and stomatal conductance), yield, or fruit quality attributes at either site. These results indicate that there is little benefit to spraying the canopy of grapevines with P, even in vineyards with low P status. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Schreiner, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM paul.schreiner@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 5 BP 815 EP 821 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 599RX UT WOS:000277931900013 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Thies, JA AF Fery, Richard L. Thies, Judy A. TI PA-559, a Root-knot Nematode-resistant, Red-fruited, Habanero-type Pepper SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Capsicum chinense; Meloidogyne; pepper breeding ID CAPSICUM-CHINENSE JACQ; MELOIDOGYNE-JAVANICA; CAYENNE PEPPER; INHERITANCE; CULTIGENS; ARENARIA; LINES; HAPLA C1 [Fery, Richard L.; Thies, Judy A.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM Richard.Fery@ars.usda.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 5 BP 822 EP 823 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 599RX UT WOS:000277931900014 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Dean, D Wadl, P Hadziabdic, D Scheffler, B Rinehart, T Cabrera, R Trigiano, R AF Wang, Xinwang Dean, Deborah Wadl, Phillip Hadziabdic, Denita Scheffler, Brian Rinehart, Timothy Cabrera, Raul Trigiano, Robert TI Development of Microsatellite Markers from Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia L.) SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cross-species transfer; ornamental plant breeding; simple sequence repeats ID LIBRARIES AB Lagerstroemia L. (crape myrtle) is an economically important woody plant genus with several deciduous flowering ornamental species. A wide range of flower colors, long flowering periods, growth habits ranging from miniature to tree sizes, and exfoliating bark characteristics provide horticulturists and nursery growers with a great deal of interest in the breeding and genetics of this genus. We report microsatellite marker development from a GT-enriched genomic library of the interspecific hybrid 'Natchez' (L. indica L. x L. fauriei Koehne). Twelve of 43 novel microsatellite loci were characterized on a collection of 33 Lagerstroemia cultivars and accessions. Four to eight alleles per locus (mean = 5.6 alleles) were detected. Allelic richness ranged from 3.9 to 7.2 with a mean of 5.3. The level of polymorphism detected (average gene diversity of 0.68) indicates moderately high genetic diversity within the selections of crape myrtle cultivars and accessions. The examined markers also exhibited high cross-species transferability to L. fauriei, L. limii Merr., and L. subcostata Koehne. C1 [Wang, Xinwang; Cabrera, Raul] Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Dean, Deborah; Wadl, Phillip; Hadziabdic, Denita; Trigiano, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Scheffler, Brian] USDA ARS, CGRU MSA Genom Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Wang, XW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, 17360 Coit Rd, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. EM xw-wang@tamu.edu OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-6404-7-213] FX This work was performed under the new faculty financial support by Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Dallas and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Grant #58-6404-7-213. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 5 BP 842 EP 844 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 599RX UT WOS:000277931900022 ER PT J AU Li, L Gaiser, PW Gao, BC Bevilacqua, RM Jackson, TJ Njoku, EG Rudiger, C Calvet, JC Bindlish, R AF Li, Li Gaiser, Peter W. Gao, Bo-Cai Bevilacqua, Richard M. Jackson, Thomas J. Njoku, Eni G. Ruediger, Christoph Calvet, Jean-Christophe Bindlish, Rajat TI WindSat Global Soil Moisture Retrieval and Validation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Hydrology; land surface temperature; passive microwave remote sensing; soil moisture; vegetation ID VEGETATION OPTICAL DEPTH; BAND MICROWAVE EMISSION; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; AMSR-E; RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE; 37 GHZ; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; SCANNING RADIOMETER; SSM/I OBSERVATIONS; NEURAL-NETWORK AB A physically based six-channel land algorithm is developed to simultaneously retrieve global soil moisture (SM), vegetation water content (VWC), and land surface temperature. The algorithm is based on maximum-likelihood estimation and uses dual-polarization WindSat passive microwave data at 10, 18.7, and 37 GHz. The global retrievals are validated at multi-spatial and multitemporal scales against SM climatologies, in situ network data, precipitation patterns, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) vegetation data. In situ SM observations from the U. S., France, and Mongolia for diverse land/vegetation cover were used to validate the results. The performance of the estimated volumetric SM was within the requirements for most science and operational applications (standard error of 0.04 m(3)/m(3), bias of 0.004 m(3)/m(3), and correlation coefficient of 0.89). The retrieved SM and VWC distributions are very consistent with global climatology and mesoscale precipitation patterns. The comparisons between the WindSat vegetation retrievals and the AVHRR Green Vegetation Fraction data also reveal the consistency of these two independent data sets in terms of spatial and temporal variations. C1 [Li, Li; Gaiser, Peter W.; Gao, Bo-Cai; Bevilacqua, Richard M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Jackson, Thomas J.; Bindlish, Rajat] USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Njoku, Eni G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ruediger, Christoph; Calvet, Jean-Christophe] CNRS, French Meteorol Serv Meteo France, GAME, CNRM, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. [Ruediger, Christoph] Univ Melbourne, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. RP Li, L (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM li.li@nrl.navy.mil; peter.gaiser@nrl.navy.mil; gao@nrl.navy.mil; bevilacqua@nrl.navy.mil; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; jean-christophe.calvet@meteo.fr; rajat.bindlish@ars.usda.gov RI Xie, Xingmei/G-7311-2011; Calvet, Jean-Christophe/A-8762-2012; OI Calvet, Jean-Christophe/0000-0001-6425-6492; Rudiger, Christoph/0000-0003-4375-4446 FU Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales FX The work of C. Rudiger at the Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques (CNRM) was supported by a postdoctoral research fellowship from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. NR 73 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 2224 EP 2241 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2037749 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 585GY UT WOS:000276814300005 ER PT J AU Karri, S Acosta-Martinez, V Coimbatore, G AF Karri, Sritulasi Acosta-Martinez, Veronica Coimbatore, Gopalakrishnan TI Effect of dihydrotestosterone on gastrointestinal tract of male Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid precursor protein; Colon microflora; Dihydrotestosterone; GI tract; Morphometrics ID TESTOSTERONE-METABOLISM; SMALL-INTESTINE; ANDROGEN ACTION; TARGET TISSUES; GUT MICROBIOTA; SMALL-BOWEL; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; AMYLOIDOSIS; PROTEIN; GROWTH AB The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown. While research contributions identifying brain as locus of the disease is growing, evidence of severely impaired gastrointestinal (GI) functions with ageing too is accumulating, there is an equal dearth of information on GI tract in AD condition. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular, histological, morphological and microflora alterations of GI tract in male Alzheimer's transgenic mice. The present study also investigates the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment (1 mg/kg) on AD mice. Histoarchitecture data revealed a significant decrease in the villi number, muscular layer thickness, villi length, width, crypt length, enterocyte length and nuclei length. A shift in colon feces microbial community composition was observed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression levels in intestine significantly increased in AD mice revealing its toxicity. DHT treatment attenuated the effect caused by AD on GI morphometrics, APP expression and colon micro flora population. These results for the first time reveal the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of GI tract in male Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. C1 [Karri, Sritulasi] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Acosta-Martinez, Veronica] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Coimbatore, Gopalakrishnan] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79416 USA. RP Karri, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM sritulasi@gmail.com FU South Plains Foundation, Lubbock, TX, USA FX Funding support provided by the South Plains Foundation, Lubbock, TX, USA to SK is acknowledged. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0019-5189 J9 INDIAN J EXP BIOL JI Indian J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 453 EP 465 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 592MR UT WOS:000277383800004 PM 20795362 ER PT J AU Bekaardt, CR Coffelt, TA Fenwick, JR Wiesner, LE AF Bekaardt, C. R. Coffelt, T. A. Fenwick, J. R. Wiesner, L. E. TI Environmental, irrigation and fertilization impacts on the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Achene; Fertilization; Guayule; Irrigation; Parthenium argentatum ID GERMINATION AB Guayule is a perennial shrub that originates from the Chihuahua desert. Currently stand establishment is by transplanting seedlings. In order for guayule commercialization to be more profitable, direct seeding methods need to be developed. For direct seeding to be practical factors affecting seed quality need to be identified. Guayule seed quality is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) grown under various field conditions in Arizona, USA, and to determine the influence of irrigation frequency and fertilization management practices on seed quality. In experiment I guayule lines AZ-2, AZ-4, AZ-R2 and 11591 were compared at four locations in Arizona (Marana, Maricopa, Yuma Mesa and Yuma Valley). In experiment II guayule lines AZ-2 and 11591 were compared under three irrigation frequencies (40%, 60% and 80%) field capacity and fertilization at low and high levels of nitrogen, at Maricopa. Germination, embryo viability, empty achene production and achene moisture content were determined for harvested achenes. In experiment I a line x location interaction occurred for normal germination, empty achenes and achene fresh weight. Line AZ-4 had the highest germination of 59% at the Yuma Valley location. Empty achenes were the highest in Marana for line 11591 at 56%. In experiment II normal germination was affected by the line, irrigation and fertilization factors. The highest germination of 66% with line 11591, 55% at 60% irrigation and 56% at high fertilization was recorded. Empty achenes were the highest with line AZ-2 at 27%. Correlations of normal germination vs. maximum temperature, empty achenes vs. total rainfall and empty achenes vs. average wind speed were positive. Negative correlations occurred for empty achene vs. maximum temperature, normal germination vs. total rainfall and normal germination vs. average wind speed. The quality of guayule seed under both experimental conditions is severely decreased by empty achene production, which seems due to genetic variability and environmental conditions during flower bloom. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coffelt, T. A.] USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Bekaardt, C. R.] Agr Res Council, ZA-7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Fenwick, J. R.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wiesner, L. E.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM terry.coffelt@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.12.008 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 588PW UT WOS:000277086300001 ER PT J AU Evangelista, RL Cermak, SC Isbell, TA AF Evangelista, Roque L. Cermak, Steven C. Isbell, Terry A. TI Dehulling of Cuphea PSR23 seeds to reduce color of the extracted oil SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cuphea; Dehulling; Oil extraction; Chlorophyll ID SOWING DATE; FATTY-ACIDS; YIELD AB Oil extracted by screw pressing seeds of Cuphea PSR23 contained 200-360 ppm of chlorophyll. A high amount of bleaching clay was needed during refining to remove the chlorophyll in the oil. In this paper, we investigated the dehulling of the seed as a method of reducing the chlorophyll content in oil extracted from cuphea seeds. The effects of seed moisture content, huller's impeller speed, and feed rate to the huller on dehulling of the seeds were determined. The hulls were separated from the cotyledons by screening and using a vacuum gravity separator. The oils extracted from the cotyledon-rich fraction were analyzed for chlorophyll content and color. The hulls accounted for 44.6% (w/w) of the whole cuphea seed. When seeds were dried to 3.5% moisture content (MC) before dehulling, 37% of the dehulled seed (containing 8.8% oil) can be removed by screening. This discard fraction has similar oil content to those of press cakes. The remaining cotyledon-rich fraction contained 39.2% oil, which is 38% greater than that of whole cuphea seeds. Hexane-extracted oil from the cotyledon-rich fraction contained 70% less chlorophyll content compared with similarly extracted whole seed oil. The minimum chlorophyll content achievable was 15 ppm from almost pure cotyledons and extracted by hydraulic pressing. Dehulling cuphea seed before oil extraction effectively reduced chlorophyll content in the oil, which can greatly decrease the amount of bleaching clay in oil refining and the cost associated with its handling and disposal. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Evangelista, Roque L.; Cermak, Steven C.; Isbell, Terry A.] ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evangelista, RL (reprint author), ARS, Biooils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Roque.Evangelista@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 437 EP 443 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.01.004 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 588PW UT WOS:000277086300002 ER PT J AU Pearson, CH Cornish, K McMahan, CM Rath, DJ Whalen, M AF Pearson, C. H. Cornish, K. McMahan, C. M. Rath, D. J. Whalen, M. TI Natural rubber quantification in sunflower using an automated solvent extractor SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Acetone extractables; Hexane extractables; Methanol extractables; Industrial crops; Alternative crops; Rubber quality ID GUAYULE; RESIN AB Leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) produce a small amount of low molecular weight natural rubber (NR) and this species has potential as a rubber-producing crop plant. Quantifying NR in plant tissue has traditionally been accomplished using Soxhlet or gravimetric methodologies. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) provides faster sample extraction, excellent repeatability, and lower labor costs for analysis than Soxhlet. Other features of ASE, such as low bench space requirement, limited exposure to solvents, flexibility in selecting operating conditions and sample cells, and automated operation create additional incentives for using ASE for NR determination. The objective of this research was to develop a protocol for extracting and quantifying NR in sunflower using ASE technology. Acetone was used to extract resins, methanol to extract chlorophyll and other contaminants, and hexane to extract NR from sunflower tissues in 11-ml extraction cells. Temperature, extraction time, and number of extractions were evaluated for the three solvents. Given that 90+% of the NR in sunflower tissue is low molecular weight (65,000-75,000 g/mol), we recommend two, 16-min acetone extractions at 40 degrees C; five, 5-min methanol extractions at 60 degrees C; and finally, two, 16-min hexane extractions at 40 degrees C for extraction of NR. The methodology includes mixing inert sand with the tissue sample and preparing a tissue sample of suitable mass size by grinding. These methods should be suitable for other low molecular weight rubber-producing plant species. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pearson, C. H.] Colorado State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Western Colorado Res Ctr, Fruita, CO 81521 USA. [Cornish, K.] Yulex Corp, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [McMahan, C. M.; Whalen, M.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pearson, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Western Colorado Res Ctr, 1910 L Rd, Fruita, CO 81521 USA. EM calvin.pearson@colostate.edu RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 469 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.01.006 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 588PW UT WOS:000277086300007 ER PT J AU Pearson, CH Cornish, K McMahan, CM Rath, DJ Brichta, JL Van Fleet, JE AF Pearson, Calvin H. Cornish, Katrina McMahan, Colleen M. Rath, Donna J. Brichta, Jenny L. Van Fleet, Jennifer E. TI Agronomic and natural rubber characteristics of sunflower as a rubber-producing plant SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Natural rubber; Sunflower; Natural rubber plants; Rubber quality; Natural rubber extraction ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae) is a genus native to North America and is a potential natural rubber (NR) producing crop. The objectives of the study were to: (1) evaluate commercial sunflower cultivars to determine biomass production and how they partition biomass into leaves, stems, and head, (2) determine how removing the head affects biomass partitioning, (3) determine latex concentration and yield in commercial sunflower cultivars and a diversity of genetic sunflower material, and (4) characterize several quality factors pertaining to the latex produced by commercial sunflower cultivars and a diversity of genetic sunflower material. Field performance tests were conducted at the Western Colorado Research Center at Fruita, Colorado for three growing seasons (2001, 2002, and 2003). Latex was found almost entirely in the leaves of young and mature sunflowers. No latex was found in mature stems or in the pappus of the flowers. On average, sunflower partitioned biomass into 18% leaves, 38% stems, and 44% heads. With the head removed, sunflower partitioned biomass into 33% leaves and 67% stems. Sunflower cultivars exhibited considerable genetic variation for biomass partitioning and also for NR yield and quality. Sunflower synthesized NR with 95-97% being low molecular weights ranging from 66,000 to 74,000 g/mol and a small, remarkable percentage (similar to 5%) of NR being higher molecular weight (similar to 600,000 g/mol). The potential for increasing latex production in sunflower appears possible, given that current NR levels are low and reasonable advances in NR production in sunflower plants through plant breeding and genetic engineering might be achieved. Based on the genetics of the sunflower cultivars included in our study, it appears that some cultivars would be more responsive to plant breeding for increased leaf mass than others. The development of sunflower cultivars suitable for commercial production of NR will require significant improvements in the quantity and quality of NR produced in the plant. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pearson, Calvin H.; Rath, Donna J.] Colorado State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Western Colorado Res Ctr, Fruita, CO 81521 USA. [Cornish, Katrina; McMahan, Colleen M.; Brichta, Jenny L.; Van Fleet, Jennifer E.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pearson, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Western Colorado Res Ctr, 1910 L Rd, Fruita, CO 81521 USA. EM calvin.pearson@colostate.edu; kcornish@yulex.com; colleen.mcmahan@ars.usda.gov; jenny.brichta@ars.usda.gov RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 19 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 481 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.01.010 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 588PW UT WOS:000277086300009 ER PT J AU Pearson, CH Halvorson, AD Moench, RD Hammon, RW AF Pearson, C. H. Halvorson, A. D. Moench, R. D. Hammon, R. W. TI Production of hybrid poplar under short-term, intensive culture in Western Colorado SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Carbon sequestration; Fiber crop; Energy crop ID LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; SHORT-ROTATION COPPICE; POPULUS; CHRYSOMELIDAE; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; DAMAGE AB An irrigated study was conducted at the Western Colorado Research Center at Fruita for 6 years to evaluate eight hybrid poplar clones under short-term, intensive culture. The eight clones included in the study were Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii (NM6), P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides (52225, OP367), and P. deltoides x P. nigra (Norway. Noreaster, Raverdaus, 14274, 14272). Data were collected for growth, aerial biomass yield, dry matter partitioning, carbon sequestration, and insect and disease infestation. OP367 and 52225 consistently had larger tree diameters than other hybrids for each of the 6 years. Averaged across clones, yield was 58.4 Mg ha(-1). OP367 had the highest yield at 72.2 Mg ha(-1) and 14274 had the lowest yield at 41.0 Mg ha(-1). The yield of OP367 was 1.8 times greater than that of 14274. Carbon yield over the 6 years of testing was highest for OP367 at 33.4 Mg C ha(-1) and lowest for 14274 at 18.8 Mg C ha. Of the eight clones tested, OP367 was the most adapted and productive clone in this short-term, intensive culture system in the arid environment of the Grand Valley of western Colorado as evidenced by its productive growth, yield, insect resistance, winterhardiness, and tree architecture. Several insect species infested the poplar clones over the course of the rotation. Best management practices for growers who produce hybrid poplar under short-term, intensive culture should include the following: (1) plant highly productive clones, (2) poplar clones with suitable tree architecture for production and market objectives should be used, (3) if carbon sequestration is an important production objective, plant a suitable clone, (4) some poplar clones develop chlorosis when planted in high pH soils and should be avoided, and (5) use poplar clones that have been shown to exhibit resistance to specific insect species. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pearson, C. H.] Colorado State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Western Colorado Res Ctr, Fruita, CO 81521 USA. [Halvorson, A. D.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Moench, R. D.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hammon, R. W.] Colorado State Univ Extens, Tri River Area, Grand Junction, CO 81502 USA. RP Pearson, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Western Colorado Res Ctr, 1910 L Rd, Fruita, CO 81521 USA. EM calvin.pearson@colostate.edu; ardell.halvorson@ars.usda.gov; randy.moench@colostate.edu; robert.hammon@colostate.edu NR 23 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 492 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.01.011 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 588PW UT WOS:000277086300010 ER PT J AU Seiler, GJ Gulya, TJ Kong, G AF Seiler, G. J. Gulya, T. J. Kong, G. TI Oil concentration and fatty acid profile of wild Helianthus species from the southeastern United States SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Helianthus; Achene oil; Fatty acid composition; Genetic variation; Germplasm evaluation ID SEED OIL; SUNFLOWER SEED; BIODIESEL; QUALITY; TEMPERATURE; ASTERACEAE; ACHENES; DATE AB Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil has the potential to be improved for industrial and nutritional purposes through selection and breeding. The narrow genetic base of cultivated sunflower has been broadened and agronomic traits have been enhanced by the infusion of genes from wild species. Interest in using wild species in breeding programs has increased, but information about oil concentration and fatty acid composition is lacking for a number of rare and threatened species. The objective of this study was to evaluate achenes of seven wild sunflower species from the southeastern USA: H. eggertii, H. schweinitzii, H. porteri, H. verticillatus, H. smithii, H. angustifolius, and H. atrorubens, for oil concentration and fatty acid composition of four major fatty acids, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic acids: and five minor acids, myristic, linolenic, arachidic, behenic, and lignoceric. Achenes of all populations were collected throughout the distributional range of the species. H. verticillatus had the highest oil concentration of the seven species with 323.4 g/kg, and was within the range reported for other wild perennial sunflower species. The average linoleic acid concentration in H. porteri of 817 g/kg is the highest concentration reported for a wild sunflower species. Linoleic acid concentrations for all seven species were higher than normally observed in populations grown in southern latitudes. The saturated palmi tic and stearic fatty acids in H. porteri total 88 g/kg, about 30% less than cultivated sunflower oil with approximately 120 g/kg. The lower saturated fatty acid profile and the high linoleic concentration in the oil of H. porteri indicate that this species has the potential to reduce saturated fatty acids and increase linoleic acid concentration in traditional commercial sunflower oil. Further research will be needed to determine the inheritance of the fatty acids and oil concentration. Other agronomic traits will need to be maintained during the introgression of these traits into sunflower. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Seiler, G. J.; Gulya, T. J.] USDA ARS, Sunflower Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Kong, G.] Queensland Dept Employment Econ Dev & Innovat, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sunflower Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM gerald.seiler@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 527 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.02.007 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 588PW UT WOS:000277086300015 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Tumpey, TM Katz, JM Swayne, DE AF Belser, J. A. Tumpey, T. M. Katz, J. M. Swayne, D. E. TI Possible transmission modes for avian influenza viruses to people: Studies in experimental models SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Belser, J. A.; Tumpey, T. M.; Katz, J. M.] CDC, Immunol & Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Div, CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Swayne, D. E.] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 SU 1 BP 38 EP 38 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 571CS UT WOS:000275729500018 ER PT J AU Swayne, DE AF Swayne, D. E. TI Potential role of exposure to poultry products and by-products in human H5N1 infections SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Swayne, D. E.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1750-2640 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 SU 1 BP 39 EP 39 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 571CS UT WOS:000275729500020 ER PT J AU Baker, PB Hagler, JR Marchosky, R Machtley, SA Brown, JM Riehle, MA Bellamy, DE AF Baker, Paul B. Hagler, James R. Marchosky, Ruben Machtley, Scott A. Brown, Jessica M. Riehle, Michael A. Bellamy, David E. TI Utilizing rabbit immunoglobulin G protein for mark-capture studies on the desert subterranean termite, Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Protein marking; ELISA; Dispersal; Rabbit IgG ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES ISOPTERA; ESTIMATING POPULATION-SIZE; RELEASE-RECAPTURE; FORAGING POPULATIONS; DYE-MARKER; SOIL TERMITICIDES; RED 7B; RHINOTERMITIDAE; EASTERN; FIELD AB Mark-capture dispersal studies were conducted to investigate the feasibility of marking the southwestern desert subterranean termite, Heterotermes aureus (Snyder) with rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG). In turn, short-range dispersal patterns of H. aureus were measured across a 20-m diameter desert landscape at three distinct field locations. Each location consisted of 51 termite feeding stations containing corrugated cardboard. The central feeding station (CFS) at each location was impregnated with rabbit IgG. A circular grid was then constructed around each CFS that consisted of 50 additional unmarked cardboard feeding stations strategically placed around the CFS at distances of 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 7.0 or 10.0 m. Termites self-marked with rabbit IgG by feeding on the marked bait. The CFS and the 50 peripheral feeding stations were sampled for marked termites twice at each location 17-65 days after the marked bait was placed at the CFS to determine the spatial dispersal patterns of H. aureus within each research grid. Termites that self marked by feeding on rabbit IgG marked bait were detected by an anti-rabbit IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Generally, the CFSs contained the highest frequency of marked termites with 28.0% of the individuals assayed from the CFSs containing rabbit IgG. Over the course of the study, 39 of the unmarked peripheral feeding stations contained at least one marked termite. Of the termites assayed from the peripheral stations (n = 2,955), 124 or 4.2% of the individuals contained the mark. The average distance traveled by the marked termites collected at the peripheral feeding stations was 5.7 +/- A 3.3 m from the CFSs. We also examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from termites collected at each field site. Data indicated that each field site were genetically distinct and therefore non-related termites. We discuss the advantages and limitations of marking termites with rabbit IgG for dispersal studies. C1 [Baker, Paul B.; Marchosky, Ruben; Brown, Jessica M.; Riehle, Michael A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hagler, James R.; Machtley, Scott A.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Bellamy, David E.] ED&A Consulting, Buckley, WA 98321 USA. RP Baker, PB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM pbaker@ag.arizona.edu; James.Hagler@ars.usda.gov; rjmarcho@ag.arizona.edu; Scott.Machtley@ars.usda.gov; brown@nursing.arizona.edu; mriehle@ag.arizona.edu; dave.bellamy@gmail.com FU BASF FX We would like to thank Dan Langhorst, Chrissie Pflipsen, Erik Stone, Heather Terry, Alex Yelich and Hao Yu for excellent technical support. The manuscript was improved by comments from Dawn Gouge (The University of Arizona), Michael Haverty (University of California Berkeley and University of Arizona), and anonymous reviewers. This work was funded, in part, by BASF. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s00040-009-0060-y PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 570CJ UT WOS:000275648900003 ER PT J AU Showalter, DN Troyer, EJ Aklu, M Jang, EB Siderhurst, MS AF Showalter, D. N. Troyer, E. J. Aklu, M. Jang, E. B. Siderhurst, M. S. TI Alkylpyrazines: alarm pheromone components of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Alkylpyrazines; Alarm pheromone; Little fire ant; Wasmannia auropunctata; GC/MS ID MANDIBULAR GLAND; RECRUITMENT PHEROMONE; PYRAZINES; SUCCESS; GALAPAGOS; RESPONSES; FOREST AB The previous identification of 2,5-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)pyrazine as the mandibular alarm pheromone of the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger), has been found to be incorrect. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of ant extracts suggested the correct structure to be the regioisomer 2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine, which was confirmed by comparison with the synthetic pyrazine. GC/MS analysis also revealed the presence of an additional disubstituted alkylpyrazine which was identified as 3-methyl-2-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine. Headspace sampling of confined ants with SPME and Porapak Q followed by GC/MS analysis showed 2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine as the major volatile released by W. auropunctata workers while 3-methyl-2-(2-methylbutyl)pyrazine was only detected in trace amounts. In laboratory bioassays, W. auropunctata workers were attracted and arrested by both pyrazines, although the results were not always consistent. Synthetic pyrazines generally attracted as many W. auropunctata workers as were attracted to a single crushed ant. However, higher numbers of W. auropunctata were arrested by crushed ant treatments than by synthetic pyrazines in all bioassays but one. C1 [Showalter, D. N.; Troyer, E. J.; Aklu, M.; Siderhurst, M. S.] Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. [Jang, E. B.] USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Siderhurst, MS (reprint author), Eastern Mennonite Univ, Dept Chem, 1200 Pk Rd, Harrisonburg, VA 22802 USA. EM ms826@emu.edu RI Showalter, David/D-4142-2013 OI Showalter, David/0000-0001-9853-4905 FU Hawaii Invasive Species Council Research and Technology [58148]; Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust Research [J-880] FX We would like to thank Esther Schneider and Janice Nagata for assistance in conducting field experiments and collecting ants; The Shenandoah Valley NMR Consortium housed at James Madison University for use of 1 H NMR; Nathan Derstine and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that improved the manuscript. This project was funded in part by grants from the Hawaii Invasive Species Council Research and Technology Grant Program (Agreement # 58148) and from the Thomas F. and Kate Miller Jeffress Memorial Trust Research Grants Program (Agreement # J-880). NR 44 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 EI 1420-9098 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 223 EP 232 DI 10.1007/s00040-010-0075-4 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 570CJ UT WOS:000275648900014 ER PT J AU Balasa, A Gathungu, G Kisfali, P Smith, EO Cho, JH Melegh, B Kellermayer, R AF Balasa, Alfred Gathungu, Grace Kisfali, Peter Smith, E. O'Brian Cho, Judy H. Melegh, Bela Kellermayer, Richard TI Assessment of DNA methylation at the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) promoter region in inflammatory bowel diseases SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL DISEASE LA English DT Article DE IRF5; DNA methylation; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Polymorphism AB A 5-bp insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphism in the promoter of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This polymorphism generates an additional binding site for the transcription factor SP1 and has been shown to augment the expression of IRF5. Additionally, it affects a CpG dinucleotide-dense genomic region. These features of the indel suggested that it may influence the epigenetic regulation of IRF5. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of the 5-bp indel on the methylation pattern of four CpG sites upstream of the polymorphism. Possible CpG site methylation differences in this region between healthy persons and individuals suffering from IBD were also tested. Genotype was determined by 4% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 33 peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) DNA samples. DNA methylation correlates of the genotypes were measured by bisulfite pyrosequencing. IRF5 promoter methylation in association to disease state was assessed in 87 proband (49 healthy, 18 Crohn's disease, 20 ulcerative colitis) PBL samples. The polymorphism did not affect the methylation pattern of the IRF5 promoter nor could we detect significant differences in the average, low methylation of the locus between healthy persons and individuals with IBD. These results implicate that epigenetic dysregulation of the IRF5 promoter is unlikely to be associated with IBD. C1 [Kellermayer, Richard] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Balasa, Alfred; Kellermayer, Richard] Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Gathungu, Grace; Cho, Judy H.] Yale Univ, Sect Digest Dis, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT USA. [Kisfali, Peter; Melegh, Bela] Univ Pecs, Dept Med Genet, Pecs, Hungary. [Smith, E. O'Brian] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Kellermayer, R (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, 6621 Fannin St,CC1010-00, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellerma@bcm.edu FU Broad Medical Research Program; Broad Foundation [IBD-0252]; Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Children's Digestive Health; Nutrition Foundation/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition [2426] FX R. K. was supported by funding from the Broad Medical Research Program, the Broad Foundation (IBD-0252), and a young investigator joint award from the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Children's Digestive Health and Nutrition Foundation/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (CCFA Ref #2426). NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0179-1958 J9 INT J COLORECTAL DIS JI Int. J. Colorectal Dis. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1007/s00384-010-0874-0 PG 4 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Surgery GA 575EP UT WOS:000276050000002 PM 20127100 ER PT J AU Altuntas, J Evrendilek, GA Sangun, MK Zhang, HQ AF Altuntas, Julide Evrendilek, Gulsun Akdemir Sangun, Mustafa Kemal Zhang, Howard Q. TI Effects of pulsed electric field processing on the quality and microbial inactivation of sour cherry juice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial inactivation; pulsed electric fields; physical properties; sour cherry juice ID PECTIN METHYL ESTERASE; ORANGE JUICE; CARROT JUICE; FRUIT JUICES; MICROORGANISMS AB P>Pulsed electric fields (PEF) processing of sour cherry juice with the measurement of pH, boolean OR Brix, titratable acidity, conductivity, colour (L*, a* and b*), nonenzymatic browning index, metal ion concentration, total ascorbic acid and total antocyanin content as well as microbial inactivation were searched in the study. Applied PEF treatment parameters did not cause any significant difference on measured properties of sour cherry juice (P > 0.05). On the other hand, inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Erwinia carotowora, Pseudomonas syringae subs. syringae, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillum expansum significantly increased with increased electric field strength and treatment time (P < 0.05). It was revealed that PEF is a viable option to process sour cherry juice with significant amount of microbial inactivation and without adversely affecting important physical and quality parameters. C1 [Altuntas, Julide; Evrendilek, Gulsun Akdemir] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Food Engn, TR-31034 Alahan, Hatay, Turkey. [Evrendilek, Gulsun Akdemir] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Fac Engn & Architecture, Dept Food Engn, TR-14280 Bolu, Turkey. [Sangun, Mustafa Kemal] Mustafa Kemal Univ, Fac Sci & Arts, Dept Chem, TR-31034 Alahan, Hatay, Turkey. [Zhang, Howard Q.] USDA, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Evrendilek, GA (reprint author), Mustafa Kemal Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Food Engn, TR-31034 Alahan, Hatay, Turkey. EM gevrendilek@ibu.edu.tr FU Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [104 O 585]; TR Prime Ministry State Planning Organisation [K 120 410]; Dimes Gida San. ve Tic. Ltd FX The authors would like to thank The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) ( project 104 O 585) and TR Prime Ministry State Planning Organisation ( project K 120 410) for the financial support, and Dimes Gida San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. (Tokat, Turkey) for the food samples. The authors appreciate critiques by Dr Xuetong Fan and Dr Lihan Huan. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 5 BP 899 EP 905 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02213.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 582OI UT WOS:000276606900006 ER PT J AU Edens-Meier, RM Vance, N Luo, YB Li, P Westhus, E Bernhardt, P AF Edens-Meier, Retha M. Vance, Nan Luo, Yi-Bo Li, Peng Westhus, Eric Bernhardt, Peter TI POLLEN-PISTIL INTERACTIONS IN NORTH AMERICAN AND CHINESE CYPRIPEDIUM L. (ORCHIDACEAE) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pollination; pollen; pistil; stigma; style; ovary; self-compatibility; Cypripedium reginae; pods ID SOUTH-WEST CHINA; LADYS SLIPPER; TUBE GROWTH; POLLINATION; INCOMPATIBILITY; HYBRIDIZATION; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS; HYBRIDS; SET AB Fluorescence microscopy is used to compare frequencies of pollen tube penetration in in situ populations of Cypripedium bardolphianum W.W. Smith et Farrer, Cypripedium flavum W.W. Smith, Cypripedium montanum Dougl. ex Lindl., Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var. pubescens (Wildenow) O.W. Knight, Cypripedium reginae Walter, and Cypripedium tibeticum Schltr. The average natural (insect-mediated) pollination rates measured over five seasons are wide ranging among the six species (0.08-0.74). However, the pollination rate of hand-manipulated populations (self and/or cross) is significantly greater than the rate of insect-mediated pollinations in all species studied. A few pollen tubes in both self-and cross-pollinations display aberrant growth in the styles and/or ovaries, but their numbers are too small to suggest evidence of self-incompatibility. Pollen tubes germinate and grow up to the bases of styles within 48 h in C. bardolphianum, C. flavum, and C. tibeticum. Pollen tubes remain at the bases of the styles in C. montanum for 5 d after pollination. In C. parviflorum, pollen tubes penetrate ovaries at 7 d. Pollen tube penetration of ovaries is observed within 15 d after hand pollination in all six species but remains incomplete at this time, with the greatest number of ovule penetrations observed in C. reginae (which has the shortest floral life span). Therefore, we suggest there are additional factors aside from low pollinator visitation for low conversion rates of flowers into fruits in these Cypripedium species. These include inadequate pollen loads deposited on receptive stigmas (pollen limitation), coupled with environmental stress and/or predation disrupting or destroying the slow processes of fertilization and/or fruit maturation. C1 [Edens-Meier, Retha M.] St Louis Univ, Dept Educ Studies, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Vance, Nan] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Luo, Yi-Bo; Li, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Westhus, Eric] St Louis Univ, Dept Integrated & Appl Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Bernhardt, Peter] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, Bernhardt Edens Meier Lab, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Edens-Meier, RM (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Dept Educ Studies, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. EM rmeier3@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station; National Science Foundation of China [30770379, 30970203] FX Dr. G. Camilo (Department of Biology, Saint Louis University) provided guidance for our statistical models. We wish to thank Larry Meier for his much-appreciated assistance and support and Dr. T. Herring (University of Missouri, Spring-field) for her initial studies on Cypripedium reginae. In addition, we thank members of the Missouri Department of Conservation for their valuable service in helping us obtain permits and locations of Cypripedium parviflorum and C. reginae. We acknowledge Tamra Raven, Ray Wiggenstein, and Buster Matthews for locating additional populations in Missouri and Dr. Andrew Huber for giving us access to populations of Cypripedium montanum in the GROWISER Reserve. We are grateful to the members of the Missouri Native Plant Society, especially David Schilling, for their willingness to share information and the location of populations of C. parviflorum and C. reginae. This study was funded in part by the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station through a cooperative agreement with Saint Louis University. Y.-B. Luo and P. Li acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation of China (grants 30770379, 30970203). NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 171 IS 4 BP 370 EP 381 DI 10.1086/651225 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 583AB UT WOS:000276642000003 ER PT J AU Welsh, CS Stewart, TS Schwab, C Blackburn, HD AF Welsh, C. S. Stewart, T. S. Schwab, C. Blackburn, H. D. TI Pedigree analysis of 5 swine breeds in the United States and the implications for genetic conservation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic conservation; genetic diversity; inbreeding; swine ID SELECTION; DIVERSITY; CATTLE; PIGS AB Globally, genetic diversity of livestock populations is contracting. Knowing the true extent of the contraction is needed to develop effective conservation strategies. Although contractions of genetic diversity have been documented at the breed level, little within breed documentation has occurred. This situation is no different for US swine breeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish an inbreeding baseline for 5 pig breeds via pedigree records extracted from purebred registrations to each breed association for Berkshire (n = 116,758), Duroc (n = 878,480), Hampshire (n = 744,270), Landrace (n = 126,566), and Yorkshire (n = 727,268). For all breeds the number of registrations peaked after 1990 and declined since that time. The breeder structure was analyzed for Berkshire and Duroc; the average breeder registered pigs for 4.0 yr for both breeds. Breeders were grouped by longevity and herd size, and the inbreeding levels for the current population (pigs born 2006 and later) were evaluated. Presently, more than 99% of all pigs are inbred with the majority having inbreeding less than 10%. The range for percentage of animals that are more than 25% inbred ranged from 1.16% for Yorkshire to 6.09% for Berkshire. The greatest inbreeding for all animals within a breed ranged from 51% for Landrace and 65% for Yorkshire. Sires were grouped into 10 percentiles based on number of great-grandprogeny (GGP) produced; for all breeds, the top 10 percentile accounted for more than 75% of all GGP. Sixty percent of all sires produced less than 1% of all GGP, indicating few males are contributing to future generations. Generations ranged from 17 to 19 per breed with a generation interval ranging from 1.65 yr for Berkshire to 2.21 yr for Yorkshire. Mean inbreeding (%) at generation 17 (the most generations computed across breeds), rate of inbreeding per generation, and effective population size were 12.3, 0.0065, and 77 for Berkshire; 11.8, 0.0044, and 113 for Duroc; 6.8, 0.0046, and 109 for Hampshire; 17.9, 0.0067, and 74 for Landrace; and 8.0, 0.0044, and 113 for Yorkshire, respectively. The 2 breeds with fewest registrations, Berkshire and Landrace, had greater inbreeding rates and smaller effective population sizes, suggesting a need for more immediate conservation efforts. This analysis provides a basis for future monitoring of the genetic diversity of pig breeds and serves as a basis for planning conservation activities. C1 [Welsh, C. S.; Blackburn, H. D.] ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Stewart, T. S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Schwab, C.] Natl Swine Registry, W Lafayette, IN 47996 USA. RP Blackburn, HD (reprint author), ARS, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Harvey.Blackburn@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1610 EP 1618 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2537 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 583OX UT WOS:000276689000003 PM 20190174 ER PT J AU Meyer, AM Reed, JJ Neville, TL Taylor, JB Hammer, CJ Reynolds, LP Redmer, DA Vonnahme, KA Caton, JS AF Meyer, A. M. Reed, J. J. Neville, T. L. Taylor, J. B. Hammer, C. J. Reynolds, L. P. Redmer, D. A. Vonnahme, K. A. Caton, J. S. TI Effects of plane of nutrition and selenium supply during gestation on ewe and neonatal offspring performance, body composition, and serum selenium SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE developmental programming; gestation; neonate; nutritional plane; selenium; sheep ID VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; PLACENTAL GROWTH RESTRICTION; JEJUNAL VASCULARITY; MATERNAL NUTRITION; DIETARY SELENIUM; ADOLESCENT SHEEP; FETAL-GROWTH; LAMBS; PREGNANCY; SUPPLEMENTATION AB To investigate the effects of nutritional plane and Se supply during gestation on ewe and offspring performance and body composition, 84 Ram-bouillet ewe lambs (age = 240 +/- 17 d, BW = 52.1 +/- 6.2 kg) were allocated to a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included Se [adequate Se (ASe, 11.5 mu g/kg of BW) or high Se (HSe, 77.0 mu g/kg of BW)] initiated at breeding, nutritional plane [60% (restricted, RES), 100% (control, CON), or 140% (high, HIH) of NRC requirements] initiated at d 40 of gestation, and physiological stage at necropsy [3 to 24 h postpartum or d 20 of lactation]. Ewes were fed and housed individually in a temperature-controlled facility. At parturition, all lambs were removed and artificially reared until necropsy on d 20.6 +/- 0.9 of age. Ewes assigned to the treatment at d 20 of lactation were transitioned to a common diet meeting lactation requirements and were mechanically milked. From d 95 of gestation through parturition and d 20 of lactation, ewe BW and BCS were least (P <= 0.01) in the RES treatment, intermediate in the CON treatment, and greatest in the HIH treatment. Ewes fed HSe had a greater (P <= 0.05) BCS increase than those fed ASe during mid-and late gestation. During gestation, ewes in the HIH treatment had the greatest (P < 0.001) ADG and G: F, those in the CON treatment were intermediate, and those in the RES treatment were least, whereas ewes fed HSe had greater (P < 0.001) ADG and G: F than those fed ASe during midgestation. Ewe backfat and LM area on d 135 of gestation were least (P < 0.001) in the RES treatment, intermediate in the CON treatment, and greatest in the HIH treatment, with ewes fed HSe having greater (P <= 0.03) backfat than those fed ASe. During the first 20 d of lactation, ewes fed the RES diet had greater (P < 0.09) G: F than those fed the CON and HIH diets. Physiological stage had no effect on ewe omental and mesenteric fat or perirenal fat weights, although both were greater (P < 0.001) for ewes fed the HIH diet than for those fed the RES and CON diets. At birth, lambs born to ewes in the RES group weighed less and had decreased curved crown rump lengths (P = 0.08) compared with those born to ewes in the CON and HIH groups, and lambs from ewes in the ASe-RES treatment were lighter (P <= 0.08) than those from ewes in the HSe-RES, ASe-CON, and ASe-HIH treatments. Lambs from dams in the RES group had less (P < 0.05) BW from d 7 to 19 and decreased (P < 0.07) overall ADG compared with lambs from dams in the CON and HIH groups. Additionally, lambs from dams in the RES group had less (P = 0.08) perirenal fat than their counterparts, and lambs from dams in the HIH group had greater (P = 0.01) omental and mesenteric fat than lambs from dams in the RES group. Postpartum serum Se of ewes and lambs (birth and d 19) was increased (P < 0.001) by HSe feeding during gestation. Results indicate that BW differences in pregnant ewes attributable to nutritional plane are accompanied by changes in body composition and offspring BW, both of which may be affected by Se supply. C1 [Meyer, A. M.; Reed, J. J.; Neville, T. L.; Hammer, C. J.; Reynolds, L. P.; Redmer, D. A.; Vonnahme, K. A.; Caton, J. S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Caton, JS (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM joel.caton@ndsu.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU USDA-National Research Initiative [2003-35206-13621, 2005-35206-15281]; USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; National Institutes of Health [HL 64141] FX Partially supported by USDA-National Research Initiative grants 2003-35206-13621 and 2005-35206-15281, from the USDA-Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, and by National Institutes of Health grant HL 64141. The authors thank David Newman (Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University) for assisting with ultrasound measurements and employees of the Animal Nutrition and Physiology Center and Ruminant Nutrition, Physiology and Muscle Biology Laboratories (Fargo, ND) for their contributions to this project. NR 41 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1786 EP 1800 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2435 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 583OX UT WOS:000276689000022 PM 20118414 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Thacker, PA AF Leytem, A. B. Thacker, P. A. TI Phosphorus utilization and characterization of excreta from swine fed diets containing a variety of cereal grains balanced for total phosphorus SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cereal grain; endogenous phytase; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; phosphorus; phytate degradation; swine ID WATER-SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS; PHYTIC-ACID; MICROBIAL PHYTASE; GROWING PIGS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; ANIMAL MANURES; BARLEY; SOILS; DIGESTIBILITY; HYDROLYSIS AB Intrinsic phytase in swine feeds may increase phytate utilization and alter the solubility of the excreted P. The objective of this experiment was to quantify changes in fecal P composition from swine fed a variety of cereal grains containing a range of phytate concentrations and endogenous phytase activities. Twenty-five crossbred barrows (89.3 +/- 6.8 kg) were fed 1 of 5 dietary treatments that were based on wheat, corn, barley, low-phytate barley, or high-fat-low-lignin oats. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 75% of the test grain and were fed for a 7-d acclimation period followed by a 3-d fecal collection period. Total-tract apparent digestibility coefficients were determined for DM, P, and phytate using an indicator method. Fecal P was characterized using solution-state (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Water-soluble P (WSP) and WSP-to-total P (TP) ratio were determined in the feces. Apparent total-tract digestibility coefficients for P and phytate ranged from 0.33 (barley) to 0.45 (low-phytate barley) and from 0.20 (corn) to 0.79 (oats), respectively. The majority of P excreted in the feces was in the form of phosphate (> 47% of TP), and phytate degradation was not related to the endogenous phytase activity in the diet. There was a positive linear relationship between dietary NDF and apparent total-tract phytate digestibility (r(2) = 0.82; P = 0.03), indicating that greater dietary fiber content may enhance microbial breakdown of phytate in the hindgut. There was a negative relationship between the fecal WSP-to-TP ratio and the percentage of TP that was in the form of phytate in the feces. In summary, our results indicate that the majority of P in the feces of pigs fed diets based on cereal grains is present in the form of phosphate and relatively small amounts of phytate were contained in the excreta. The exception to this was the corn diet, for which 45% of the total fecal P was in the form of phytate. Hydrolysis of phytate in the gut did not appear to be related to the content of either phytate or phytase in the grain, but was related to dietary fiber concentration. C1 [Leytem, A. B.] USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Thacker, P. A.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM april.leytem@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 88 IS 5 BP 1860 EP 1867 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2153 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 583OX UT WOS:000276689000030 PM 20118416 ER PT J AU Whitaker, TB Slate, A Birmingham, T Adams, J Jacobs, M Gray, G AF Whitaker, Thomas B. Slate, Andy Birmingham, Tim Adams, Julie Jacobs, Merle Gray, Gary TI Correlation Between Aflatoxin Contamination and Various USDA Grade Categories of Shelled Almonds SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID COMPONENTS; DAMAGE; LOTS AB The California almond industry is interested in determining if there is a correlation between aflatoxin contamination and almonds classified into various U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) grades. A 12 000 g sample was taken from each of 50 lots of shelled almonds. The almonds in each sample were then partitioned into five USDA grades: high quality (HQ), insect damage (ID), mold damage (MOD), mechanical damage (MED), and other defects (OD). Across all 50 samples, kernels in the HQ grade accounted for 83.7% of the kernel mass and 3.2% of the aflatoxin mass. Conversely, kernels in the remaining four damage grades (ID, MOD, MED, and OD) accounted for 16.3% of the kernel mass and 96.8% of the aflatoxin mass. ID kernels had the highest risk for aflatoxin contamination. Almonds in the ID grade accounted for 76.3% of the total aflatoxin mass and 7.2% of the kernel mass. Regression equations were developed to predict the aflatoxin concentration in each 12 000 g sample by measuring the aflatoxin mass in one or more of the four damage grades. Regression equations demonstrated that aflatoxin mass only in the insect damaged kernels was also an effective way to predict the aflatoxin concentration in each 12 000 g sample. C1 [Whitaker, Thomas B.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Birmingham, Tim; Adams, Julie; Jacobs, Merle] Almond Board Calif, Modesto, CA 95354 USA. [Gray, Gary] Blue Diamond Growers, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Tom_Whitaker@ncsu.edu NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 93 IS 3 BP 943 EP 947 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 615MS UT WOS:000279140000030 PM 20629399 ER PT J AU Marshall, JM Storer, AJ Fraser, I Mastro, VC AF Marshall, J. M. Storer, A. J. Fraser, I. Mastro, V. C. TI Efficacy of trap and lure types for detection of Agrilus planipennis (Col., Buprestidae) at low density SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE emerald ash borer; Fraxinus; invasive species ID EMERALD ASH BORER; COLEOPTERA AB Development of effective trapping tools for forest pests and evaluating the key components of these tools is necessary to locate early-stage infestations and develop management responses to them. Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (emerald ash borer) is an introduced pest of ash (Fraxinus spp. L.) in North America. The effectiveness of different trap and lure combinations were tested in areas with low and high density populations of A. planipennis. At low density sites, purple prism traps outperformed green traps and girdled ash trap trees in capture rates (adults per day) and rates of detection of A. planipennis. Also, manuka oil lures, used as a standard lure in a national survey programme, captured higher rates of A. planipennis than did previous standards of girdled ash trap trees. There was no logistic relationship between the detection of A. planipennis on a trap and the diameter of the ash tree from which the trap was suspended, possibly because of the use of artificial lures with these traps. There was also no difference in the mean number of A. lanipennis captured per day between ash species and between vigour rating of ash associated with the traps. However, traps placed in open grown and dominant trees captured more beetles than traps placed in lower canopy class trees. At sites defined as low and high density, there was no difference in the larval density per cm3 of phloem. This suggests that exposure time to A. planipennis has been shorter at those low density sites. By exploiting the trap and tree characteristics that improve A. planipennis capture rates and detection efficacy, there can be future improvement in management of this pest. If detection can occur before infested ash trees exhibit signs and symptoms, there may be a potential for reducing the mortality of ash within stands. C1 [Marshall, J. M.; Storer, A. J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forest Resources & Environm Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Fraser, I.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Emerald Ash Borer Project, Brighton, MI USA. [Mastro, V. C.] USDA APHIS PPQ, Pest Survey Detect & Exclus Lab, Otis ANGB, MA USA. RP Marshall, JM (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Cooperat Emerald Ash Borer Project, 5936 Ford Court,Suite 200, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. EM jmmarsha@mtu.edu RI Marshall, Jordan/B-1934-2009 OI Marshall, Jordan/0000-0001-6024-3758 FU USDA FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA APHIS Accelerated EAB Research Program. We would like to thank Jeff Breuker, Keith Martell Jr., Keith Martell III, Janet Oisten and Steve Takacs from Michigan Technological University, as well as John DeLisle, Kyle Gies, Matthew Haack, Stephanie Likens, Michael Rietz, Nicole Smith and Joshua Warlick from USDA APHIS PPQ, for assistance in the implementation and maintenance of this study. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their much appreciated comments and suggestions. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 134 IS 4 BP 296 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01455.x PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 582OO UT WOS:000276607500003 ER PT J AU Patel, J Millner, P Nou, X Sharma, M AF Patel, J. Millner, P. Nou, X. Sharma, M. TI Persistence of enterohaemorrhagic and nonpathogenic E-coli on spinach leaves and in rhizosphere soil* SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli O157:H7; fresh produce; persistence; soil; spinach ID CONTAMINATED MANURE COMPOSTS; IRRIGATION WATER; FRESH PRODUCE; LEAF LETTUCE; O157-H7; SURVIVAL; SALMONELLA; PATHOGEN; PLANTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-O157-H7 AB Aims: Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and nonpathogenic E. coli on spinach leaves and in organic soil while growing spinach in a growth chamber was investigated. Methods and Results: Spinach plants were maintained in the growth chamber at 20 degrees C (14 h) and 18 degrees C (10 h) settings at 60% relative humidity. Five separate inocula, each containing one strain of E. coli O157:H7 and one nonpathogenic E. coli isolate were applied to individual 4-week-old spinach plants (cultivar 'Whale') grown in sandy soil. Leaf and soil inocula consisted of 100 mu l, in 5 mu l droplets, on the upper side of leaves resulting in 6 center dot 5 log CFU plant-1 and 1 ml in soil, resulting in 6 center dot 5 log CFU 200 g-1 soil per plant. Four replicates of each plant shoot and soil sample per inoculum were analysed on day 1 and every 7 days for 28 days for E. coli O157:H7 and nonpathogenic E. coli (by MPN) and for heterotrophic plate counts (HPC). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not detected on plant shoots after 7 days but did survive in soil for up to 28 days. Nonpathogenic E. coli survived up to 14 days on shoots and was detected at low concentrations for up to 28 days. In contrast, there were no significant differences in HPC from days 0 to 28 on plants, except one treatment on day 7. Conclusions: Escherichia coli O157:H7 persisted in soil for at least 28 days. Escherichia coli O157:H7 on spinach leaves survived for less than 14 days when co-inoculated with nonpathogenic E. coli. There was no correlation between HPC and E. coli O157:H7 or nonpathogenic E. coli. Significance and Impact of the Study: The persistence of nonpathogenic E. coli isolates makes them possible candidates as surrogates for E. coli O157:H7 on spinach leaves in field trials. C1 [Patel, J.; Millner, P.; Nou, X.; Sharma, M.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1789 EP 1796 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04583.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 581EH UT WOS:000276503800031 PM 19878527 ER PT J AU Doolittle, JA Bellantoni, NF AF Doolittle, James A. Bellantoni, Nicholas F. TI The search for graves with ground-penetrating radar in Connecticut SO JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Geo-physical techniques; Unmarked burials; Ground-penetrating radar ID GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS; BURIED BODIES; GPR; LOCATION; BURIALS; EXAMPLE; SITES AB The search for unmarked and clandestine graves is a labor-intensive, time-consuming, and often frustrating task. Several geo-physical methods are available, which can be expediently used with little or no disturbances to sites, among which ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is often considered the most useful tool to delineate possible graves This paper is the result of many years of GPR testing for unmarked graves in Connecticut. Natural and cultural conditions are considered in the failure and/or success of detection, and the use of GPR in archaeological studies (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Bellantoni, Nicholas F.] Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Archaeol Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Doolittle, James A.] USDA, NRCS, NSSC, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Bellantoni, NF (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Connecticut Archaeol Ctr, 2019 Hillside Rd,U-1023, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 56 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-4403 J9 J ARCHAEOL SCI JI J. Archaeol. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 37 IS 5 BP 941 EP 949 DI 10.1016/j.jas.2009.11.027 PG 9 WC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Anthropology; Archaeology; Geology GA 584XE UT WOS:000276786700005 ER PT J AU Lizarraga-Celaya, C Watts, CJ Rodriguez, JC Garatuza-Payan, J Scott, RL Saiz-Hernandez, J AF Lizarraga-Celaya, Carlos Watts, Christopher J. Rodriguez, Julio C. Garatuza-Payan, Jaime Scott, Russell L. Saiz-Hernandez, Juan TI Spatio-temporal variations in surface characteristics over the North American Monsoon region SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Albedo; Enhanced Vegetation Index; Land surface temperature; MODIS; NAM; North American Monsoon; Variability ID RAIN-GAUGE NETWORK; PRECIPITATION; MODIS; MEXICO; ALBEDO; SYSTEM AB In this paper we summarize the surface characteristics for six locations in western Mexico and southwestern USA (from a subhumid climate in Jalisco, Mexico to the Sonoran Desert climate in Arizona, USA), that lie along a meridional transect within the North American Monsoon (NAM) core region using available MODerate Resolution Imaging Radiometer (MODIS) satellite data and supplementary surface instrumental data for two of these sites in Sonora, Mexico. The climate analysis for each site is carried out for the period 2000-2008, that includes all available MODIS data. A comparison of seasonal and annual variability in surface conditions for the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), albedo and land surface temperature (LST) at each site is presented. With the help of available surface data from field observations, a more detailed analysis of Rayon and Rosario de Tesopaco sites is presented. The qualitative behavior and climate response of three types of vegetation: desert shrub, subtropical shrub, and tropical deciduous forest ecosystems are analyzed under the influence of the NAM summer wet season. The onset of the NAM warm wet season in early summer, is one of the main precursors of generalized EVI growth in all the NAM region. At all the sites, it is observed that the mean daytime LST cools several degrees as the NAM fully develops. During the warm wet season, in the case of open and sparse vegetation regions such as desert shrub and subtropical shrub, albedo values fall slightly during the NAM season, while in closed and dense tropical deciduous forest regions albedo shows a slight increase. Differences in soil reflectivity at these sites are probably responsible for this rather unexpected behavior. Additionally it is found that, desert shrub and subtropical shrub regions in northern latitudes show large LST and small EVI/albedo seasonal variability, whilst tropical deciduous forests in lower latitudes show much larger EVI/albedo and smaller LST seasonal variability. Thus MODIS data proves to be a valuable tool for assessing the dynamics of seasonal and interannual surface characteristics helpful in determining climate patterns. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lizarraga-Celaya, Carlos; Watts, Christopher J.] Univ Sonora, Dept Fis, Col Ctr, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Rodriguez, Julio C.] Univ Sonora, Dept Agr & Ganaderia, Col Ctr, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Saiz-Hernandez, Juan] Univ Sonora, Dept Ingn Civil & Minas, Col Ctr, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Garatuza-Payan, Jaime] Inst Tecnol Sonora, Obregon 85000, Sonora, Mexico. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Lizarraga-Celaya, C (reprint author), Univ Sonora, Dept Fis, Col Ctr, Blvd Encinas & Rosales, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. EM clizarraga@gmail.com FU CONACYT; NOAA FX The authors wish to thank all the agencies that have directly supported this research and without their financial support it would be impossible to obtain these results: CONACYT, NOAA. Also we would like to thank Dave Gochis from UCAR, Michael Douglas from NOAA, Enrique Vivoni from Arizona State University for their fruitful discussions and comments. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 SI SI BP 540 EP 548 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.09.027 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 578EE UT WOS:000276275500003 ER PT J AU Perez-Ruiz, ER Garatuza-Payan, J Watts, CJ Rodriguez, JC Yepez, EA Scott, RL AF Perez-Ruiz, Eli Rafael Garatuza-Payan, Jaime Watts, Christopher J. Rodriguez, Julio Cesar Yepez, Enrico A. Scott, Russell L. TI Carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange in a tropical dry forest as influenced by the North American Monsoon System (NAMS) SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Canopy gas exchange; Ecosystem water use efficiency; Eddy covariance; North-western Mexico; Seasonally dry ecosystem ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; NORTHWESTERN MEXICO; SEASONAL-VARIATION; RIPARIAN WOODLAND; FLUX; GRASSLAND; VARIABILITY; NDVI; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CALIFORNIA AB To better understand the effects and relationship between precipitation, net ecosystem carbon dioxide (NEE) and water vapor exchange (ET), we report a study conducted in the tropical dry forest (TDF) in the northwest of Mexico. Ecosystem gas exchange was measured using the eddy correlation technique during the presence of North American Monsoon System (NAMS) in 2006. Patterns in NEE and ET were different in wet and dry periods. Three markedly defined periods were found during the six-month study period. A pre-monsoon period, where gas exchange was close to zero. A monsoon period, divided in two stages: 1) early monsoon: a strong increase in the respiratory rate marked by a peak of positive values, with a maximum of 22 g CO(2) m(-2) day(-1), and, 2) late monsoon: an assimilation period occurred in the peak of the monsoon period, with sustained values around -20 g CO(2) m(-2) day(-1). The final was a post-monsoon period, where ecosystems returned to dormancy. NEE and ET trends in the TDF were similar to other seasonally dry ecosystems influenced by the NAMS. During the study period the TDF of Northwest Mexico acted as a sink capturing 374 g CO(2) m(2) with an ecosystem water use efficiency (-NEE/ET) comparable to other ecosystems in the region. Mechanistic information about biological and environmental variables controlling gas exchange dynamics is still necessary to predict how seasonally dry ecosystems would respond to climate change. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perez-Ruiz, Eli Rafael; Garatuza-Payan, Jaime; Yepez, Enrico A.] Inst Tecnol Sonora, Dept Ciencias Agua & Medio Ambiente, Obregon 85000, Sonora, Mexico. [Watts, Christopher J.] Univ Sonora, Dept Fis, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Rodriguez, Julio Cesar] Univ Sonora, Dept Agr & Ganaderia, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. [Scott, Russell L.] ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Garatuza-Payan, J (reprint author), Inst Tecnol Sonora, Dept Ciencias Agua & Medio Ambiente, 5De Febrero 818 Sur, Obregon 85000, Sonora, Mexico. EM garatuza@itson.mx RI Yepez, Enrico/C-2802-2014; Yepez, Enrico/C-6901-2008 OI Yepez, Enrico/0000-0003-4746-573X FU CONACYT [222153, 93369] FX The authors wish to acknowledge to the authorities of Ejido La Estrella, in Rosario, for lending their property for the tower installation. We also want to thank the special issue editors for useful comments made to an earlier version of the manuscript. Also the support of Miguel Agustin Rivera-Diaz for equipment maintenance and data downloading is recognized. Financial support is acknowledged to CONACYT through the scholarships (#222153) for Perez-Ruiz ER and Yepez EA (#93369). NR 37 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 SI SI BP 556 EP 563 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.09.029 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 578EE UT WOS:000276275500005 ER PT J AU Peters, DPC Herrick, JE Monger, HC Huang, HT AF Peters, Debra P. C. Herrick, Jeffrey E. Monger, H. Curtis Huang, Haitao TI Soil-vegetation-climate interactions in arid landscapes: Effects of the North American monsoon on grass recruitment SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua eriopoda; Chihuahuan Desert; Perennial grass; Plant-soil feedbacks; Simulation model; State change ID SEMIARID GRASSLAND; UNITED-STATES; SHRUBLAND; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; CARBON; DESERTIFICATION; ESTABLISHMENT; ENCROACHMENT; TRANSITION AB We used a daily time step, multi-layer simulation model of soil water dynamics to integrate effects of soils, vegetation, and climate on the recruitment of Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama), the historically dominant grass in the Chihuahuan Desert. We simulated landscapes at the Jornada ARS-LTER site with heterogeneous soil properties to compare: (1) a grass-dominated landscape in 1858 with the current shrub-dominated landscape (i.e., a change in vegetation structure), and (2) the current shrub-dominated landscape with future landscapes over a range of climate scenarios associated with the North American monsoon (i.e., a change in climate). A historic shift from high productivity grasslands to low productivity shrublands decreased simulated recruitment for most of the site; the amount of reduction depended on location-specific soil properties and changes in production. In some cases, soil properties interacted with vegetation structure: soils high in clay content maintained high recruitment even with a decrease in production. Wetter summers would increase recruitment in all vegetation types. Drier summers below 25% of current rainfall would decrease recruitment to negligible values (<0.03) throughout the landscape. We used our results to identify the conditions where recruitment of B. eriopoda is possible with and without significant modifications to soil and vegetation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Peters, Debra P. C.; Herrick, Jeffrey E.; Huang, Haitao] New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol Res Program, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Peters, DPC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Basin Long Term Ecol Res Program, USDA ARS, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM debpeter@nmsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [06-18210] FX The Jornada Basin Long Term Ecological Research Project is funded by the National Science Foundation (06-18210) to New Mexico State University. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 5 SI SI BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.09.015 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 578EE UT WOS:000276275500013 ER PT J AU Filiatrault, MJ Stodghill, PV Bronstein, PA Moll, S Lindeberg, M Grills, G Schweitzer, P Wang, W Schroth, GP Luo, SJ Khrebtukova, I Yang, Y Thannhauser, T Butcher, BG Cartinhour, S Schneider, DJ AF Filiatrault, Melanie J. Stodghill, Paul V. Bronstein, Philip A. Moll, Simon Lindeberg, Magdalen Grills, George Schweitzer, Peter Wang, Wei Schroth, Gary P. Luo, Shujun Khrebtukova, Irina Yang, Yong Thannhauser, Theodore Butcher, Bronwyn G. Cartinhour, Samuel Schneider, David J. TI Transcriptome Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae Identifies New Genes, Noncoding RNAs, and Antisense Activity SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PV. TOMATO DC3000; SINGULAR-VALUE DECOMPOSITION; ALTERNATIVE SIGMA-FACTOR; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; CORONAMIC ACID; RPON SIGMA(54); HRPL REGULON AB To fully understand how bacteria respond to their environment, it is essential to assess genome-wide transcriptional activity. New high-throughput sequencing technologies make it possible to query the transcriptome of an organism in an efficient unbiased manner. We applied a strand-specific method to sequence bacterial transcripts using Illumina's high-throughput sequencing technology. The resulting sequences were used to construct genome-wide transcriptional profiles. Novel bioinformatics analyses were developed and used in combination with proteomics data for the qualitative classification of transcriptional activity in defined regions. As expected, most transcriptional activity was consistent with predictions from the genome annotation. Importantly, we identified and confirmed transcriptional activity in areas of the genome inconsistent with the annotation and in unannotated regions. Further analyses revealed potential RpoN-dependent promoter sequences upstream of several noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), suggesting a role for these ncRNAs in RpoN-dependent phenotypes. We were also able to validate a number of transcriptional start sites, many of which were consistent with predicted promoter motifs. Overall, our approach provides an efficient way to survey global transcriptional activity in bacteria and enables rapid discovery of specific areas in the genome that merit further investigation. C1 [Filiatrault, Melanie J.] Cornell Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Plant Microbe Interact Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Filiatrault, Melanie J.; Bronstein, Philip A.; Moll, Simon; Lindeberg, Magdalen; Butcher, Bronwyn G.; Cartinhour, Samuel; Schneider, David J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Grills, George; Schweitzer, Peter; Wang, Wei] Cornell Univ, Life Sci Core Labs Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schroth, Gary P.; Luo, Shujun; Khrebtukova, Irina] Illumina Inc, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. RP Filiatrault, MJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Plant Microbe Interact Res Unit, Plant Sci Bldg,Room 334, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM melanie.filiatrault@ars.usda.gov RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 92 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 192 IS 9 BP 2359 EP 2372 DI 10.1128/JB.01445-09 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 583NZ UT WOS:000276685800008 PM 20190049 ER PT J AU Brevis, JC Morris, CF Manthey, F Dubcovsky, J AF Brevis, Juan Carlos Morris, Craig F. Manthey, Frank Dubcovsky, Jorge TI Effect of the grain protein content locus Gpc-B1 on bread and pasta quality SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Wheat; Quality; Grain protein content; GPC-B1 ID L. VAR. DICOCCOIDES; RED SPRING WHEAT; DURUM-WHEAT; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; ISOGENIC LINES; COMMON WHEAT; QTL ANALYSIS; LEAF RUST; GENE; YIELD AB Grain protein concentration (GPC) affects wheat nutritional value and several critical parameters for bread and pasta quality. A gene designated Gpc-B1, which is not functional in common and durum wheat cultivars, was recently identified in Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. The functional allele of Gpc-Bl improves nitrogen remobilization from the straw increasing GPC, but also shortens the grain filling period resulting in reduced grain weight in some genetic backgrounds. We developed isogenic lines for the Gpc-B1 introgression in six hexaploid and two tetraploid wheat genotypes to evaluate its effects on bread-making and pasta quality. In common wheat, the functional Gpc-B1 introgression was associated with significantly higher GPC, water absorption, mixing time and loaf volume, whereas in durum wheat, the introgression resulted in significant increases in GPC, wet gluten, mixing time, and spaghetti firmness, as well as a decrease in cooking loss. On the negative side, the functional Gpc-Bl introgression was associated in some varieties with a significant reduction in grain weight, test weight, and flour yield and significant increases in ash concentration. Significant gene x environment and gene x genotype interactions for most traits stress the need for evaluating the effect of this introgression in particular genotypes and environments. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brevis, Juan Carlos; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Morris, Craig F.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Manthey, Frank] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2006-55606-16629, 2008-35318-18654] FX This project was supported by the National Research Initiative grant numbers 2006-55606-16629 and 2008-35318-18654 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The staff of the Western Wheat Quality Lab and the Durum Wheat Quality and Pasta Processing Laboratory at NDSU are gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 51 IS 3 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.02.004 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 614MI UT WOS:000279062900018 ER PT J AU Yan, SP Wu, XR Dahlberg, J Bean, SR MacRitchie, F Wilson, JD Wang, DH AF Yan, Shuping Wu, Xiaorong Dahlberg, Jeff Bean, Scott R. MacRitchie, Finlay Wilson, Jeff D. Wang, Donghai TI Properties of field-sprouted sorghum and its performance in ethanol production SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Sorghum; Ethanol; Field sprouted; Fermentation ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; GERMINATING SORGHUM; MEMORIAL LECTURE; PROTEIN; GRAIN; ENDOSPERM; CORN; MALT; FERMENTATION; CULTIVARS AB The objective of this research was to investigate physicochemical and biochemical characteristics of field-sprouted grain sorghum and its fermentation performance in ethanol production. Five field-sprouted grain sorghum varieties, which received abnormally high rainfall during harvest, were used in this study. Enzyme activities, microstructure, flour pasting properties, kernel hardness, kernel weight, kernel size, flour size and particle distribution of field-sprouted grain sorghum were analyzed. The effect of germination (i.e., sprouting) on conversion of grain sorghum to ethanol was determined by using a laboratory dry-grind ethanol fermentation procedure. Sprouted sorghum had increased a-amylase activity; degraded starch granules and endosperm cell walls; decreased kernel hardness, kernel weight, kernel size, and particle size; and decreased pasting temperature and peak and final viscosities compared with non-sprouted grain sorghum. The major finding is that the time required for sprouted sorghum to complete fermentation was only about half that of non-sprouted sorghum. Also, ethanol yield from sprouted sorghum was higher (416-423 L/ton) than that from non-sprouted sorghum (409 L/ton) on a 14% moisture basis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yan, Shuping; Wu, Xiaorong; Wang, Donghai] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Yan, Shuping; MacRitchie, Finlay] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Dahlberg, Jeff] US Natl Sorghum Producers, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. [Bean, Scott R.; Wilson, Jeff D.] USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Seaton Hall 129, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM dwang@ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 51 IS 3 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.12.006 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 614MI UT WOS:000279062900020 ER PT J AU Hansen, LE Jackson, DS Wehling, RL Graybosch, RA AF Hansen, L. E. Jackson, D. S. Wehling, R. L. Graybosch, R. A. TI Functionality of chemically modified wild-type, partial waxy and waxy starches from tetraploid wheats SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tetraploid wheat; Starch; Functional properties; Amylose; Waxy alleles; Cross-linking; Substitution; Modified starches ID VITRO DIGESTIBILITY; LIPID CONTENTS; CORN STARCH; GELATINIZATION; DURUM; GRANULE; AMYLOSE AB Partial waxy (reduced-amylose) and fully waxy (amylose-free) tetraploid durum wheats (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) were developed by introgression of null alleles at the Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 loci from common hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Purified starches were obtained from each genotype, and chemically modified by: 1) cross-linking with phosphorus oxychloride, 2) substitution with propylene oxide, and 3) sequential cross-linking with phosphorus oxychloride followed by substitution with propylene oxide. Functional properties were compared to blends of waxy and wild-type durum starches of known amylose contents. Significant differences in functionality were observed amongst the genotypes and blends after each modification. Waxy (0% amylose) and wild-type (30% amylose) typically were at the extremes of the observed ranges of functional properties. In general, the functional properties of the chemically modified starches were dependent upon amylose content. Starches from Wx-Bl null lines (24% amylose), were an exception. After substitution, such starches had the significantly highest value for RVA final viscosity, and generally performed in a manner similar to starch blends of 12-18% amylose. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hansen, L. E.; Graybosch, R. A.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Jackson, D. S.; Wehling, R. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Graybosch, RA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 314 Biochem Hall,East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM bob.graybosch@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 51 IS 3 BP 409 EP 414 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.02.010 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 614MI UT WOS:000279062900025 ER PT J AU Williams, L Blackmer, JL Rodriguez-Saona, C Zhu, S AF Williams, Livy, III Blackmer, Jacquelyn L. Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar Zhu, Su TI Plant Volatiles Influence Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Lygus hesperus SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Electroantennography; Y-tube olfactometer; Behavior; Plant volatiles; Heteroptera; Miridae; Lygus hesperus ID FEMALE SEX-PHEROMONE; HOST PLANTS; PLUM CURCULIOS; OVIPOSITION; COTTON; RUGULIPENNIS; BUG; CONSPECIFICS; COMPONENTS; MIRIDAE AB Previous laboratory studies have shown that the mirid Lygus hesperus is attracted to volatiles emitted from alfalfa; feeding damage increases the amounts of several of these volatiles, and visual cues can enhance attraction further. The present study tested single plant volatiles in electrophysiological and behavioral trials with L. hesperus. Electroantennogram (EAG) analyses indicated that antennae responded to most plant volatiles included in the test, and that when gender differences were observed, males usually were more responsive than females. Antennal responses to the alcohols ((E)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenol, 1-hexanol), the acetate (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, and the aldehyde (E)-2-hexenal were among the strongest. Moderate responses were observed for (E)-beta-ocimene, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, (+/-)-linalool, and methyl salicylate. A dose dependent response was not observed for several terpenes (beta-myrcene, beta-caryophyllene, (+)-limonene, or both (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-alpha-pinenes). EAG responses, however, were not always consistent with behavioral assays. In Y-tube bioassays, males did not exhibit a positive behavioral response to any of the compounds tested. Instead, males were repelled by (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, (+/-)-linalool, (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and methyl salicylate. In contrast, female L. hesperus moved upwind towards (R)-(+)-alpha-pinene, (E)-beta-ocimene, and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and showed a negative response towards (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (S)-(-)-alpha-pinene, and methyl salicylate. This study emphasizes the use of multiple approaches to better understand host plant finding in the generalist herbivore L. hesperus. C1 [Williams, Livy, III] USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Blackmer, Jacquelyn L.] USDA ARS, Pest Management & Biol Control Res Unit, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol, Philip E Marucci Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. [Zhu, Su] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem Biol & Mat Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM livy.williams@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 36 IS 5 BP 467 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9778-2 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 593EQ UT WOS:000277435800003 PM 20401755 ER PT J AU Khan, TA Rue, CA Rehmani, SF Ahmed, A Wasilenko, JL Miller, PJ Afonso, CL AF Khan, Taseer Ahmed Rue, Cary A. Rehmani, Shafqat Fatima Ahmed, Ayaz Wasilenko, Jamie L. Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. TI Phylogenetic and Biological Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from Pakistan SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION-PCR AB Eight Newcastle disease virus isolates from Pakistan were sequenced and characterized. A PCR matrix gene assay, designed to detect all avian paramyxovirus 1, did not detect four of the isolates. A new matrix gene test that detected all isolates was developed. Phylogenetic analysis and pathotyping confirmed that virulent viruses of different genotypes are circulating in Pakistan. C1 [Rue, Cary A.; Wasilenko, Jamie L.; Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.] USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Khan, Taseer Ahmed; Rehmani, Shafqat Fatima; Ahmed, Ayaz] Sindh Poultry Vaccine Ctr, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Claudio.Afonso@ars.usda.gov FU USDA CRIS [6612-32000-049]; U.S. Poultry and Egg Association [647] FX This work was funded by USDA CRIS project 6612-32000-049 and U.S. Poultry and Egg Association grant 647. NR 8 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1892 EP 1894 DI 10.1128/JCM.00148-10 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 592DV UT WOS:000277356600060 PM 20237105 ER PT J AU Weigel, KA Van Tassell, CP O'Connell, JR VanRaden, PM Wiggans, GR AF Weigel, K. A. Van Tassell, C. P. O'Connell, J. R. VanRaden, P. M. Wiggans, G. R. TI Prediction of unobserved single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes of Jersey cattle using reference panels and population-based imputation algorithms SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE single nucleotide polymorphism; imputation; cattle ID FREQUENCY ESTIMATION; GENOME; ASSOCIATION; MARKERS; MODEL AB The availability of dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for dairy cattle has created exciting research opportunities and revolutionized practical breeding programs. Broader application of this technology will lead to situations in which genotypes from different low-, medium-, or high-density platforms must be combined. In this case, missing SNP genotypes can be imputed using family-or population-based algorithms. Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of imputation in Jersey cattle, using reference panels comprising 2,542 animals with 43,385 SNP genotypes and study samples of 604 animals for which genotypes were available for 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80% of loci. Two population-based algorithms, fastPHASE 1.2 (P. Scheet and M. Stevens; University of Washington Tech-Transfer Digital Ventures Program, Seattle, WA) and IMPUTE 2.0 (B. Howie and J. Marchini; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, UK), were used to impute genotypes on Bos taurus autosomes 1, 15, and 28. The mean proportion of genotypes imputed correctly ranged from 0.659 to 0.801 when 1 to 2% of genotypes were available in the study samples, from 0.733 to 0.964 when 5 to 20% of genotypes were available, and from 0.896 to 0.995 when 40 to 80% of genotypes were available. In the absence of pedigrees or genotypes of close relatives, the accuracy of imputation may be modest (generally <0.80) when low-density platforms with fewer than 1,000 SNP are used, but population-based algorithms can provide reasonably good accuracy (0.80 to 0.95) when medium-density platforms of 2,000 to 4,000 SNP are used in conjunction with high-density genotypes (e. g., >40,000 SNP) from a reference population. Accurate imputation of high-density genotypes from inexpensive low-or medium-density platforms could greatly enhance the efficiency of whole-genome selection programs in dairy cattle. C1 [Weigel, K. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Van Tassell, C. P.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Van Tassell, C. P.; VanRaden, P. M.; Wiggans, G. R.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [O'Connell, J. R.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Weigel, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kweigel@wisc.edu OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 FU USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture Animal Genome Program [2009-35205-05099]; National Association of Animal Breeders (Columbia, MO) FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2009-35205-05099 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture Animal Genome Program. The fastPHASE 1.2 software, which was written by Paul Scheet (Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston) and Matthew Stephens (Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL), was provided by the University of Washington TechTransfer Digital Ventures Program (Seattle). The IMPUTE 2.0 software was provided by Bryan Howie and Jonathan Marchini, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford (United Kingdom). Kent Weigel acknowledges financial support from the National Association of Animal Breeders (Columbia, MO). NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 93 IS 5 BP 2229 EP 2238 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2849 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 586VA UT WOS:000276940800048 PM 20412938 ER PT J AU Wiggans, GR VanRaden, PM Bacheller, LR Tooker, ME Hutchison, JL Cooper, TA Sonstegard, TS AF Wiggans, G. R. VanRaden, P. M. Bacheller, L. R. Tooker, M. E. Hutchison, J. L. Cooper, T. A. Sonstegard, T. S. TI Selection and management of DNA markers for use in genomic evaluation SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genomic evaluation; genotyping; single nucleotide polymorphism ID UNITED-STATES; CATTLE AB To facilitate routine genomic evaluation, a database was constructed to store genotypes for 50,972 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Multiple samples per animal are allowed. All SNP genotypes for a sample are stored in a single row. An indicator specifies whether the genotype for a sample was selected for use in genomic evaluation. Samples with low call rates or pedigree conflicts are designated as unusable. Among multiple samples that qualify for use in genomic evaluation, the one with the highest call rate is designated as usable. When multiple samples are stored for an animal, a composite is formed during extraction by using SNP genotypes from other samples to replace missing genotypes. To increase the number of SNP available, scanner output for approximately 19,000 samples was reprocessed. Any SNP with a minor allele frequency of >= 1% for Holsteins, Jerseys, or Brown Swiss was selected, which was the primary reason that the number of SNP used for USDA genomic evaluations increased. Few parent-progeny conflicts (<= 1%) and a high call rate (>= 90%) were additional requirements that eliminated 2,378 SNP. Because monomorphic SNP did not degrade convergence during estimation of SNP effects, a single set of 43,385 SNP was adopted for all breeds. The use of a database for genotypes, detection of conflicts as genotypes are stored, online access for problem resolution, and use of a single set of SNP for genomic evaluations have simplified tracking of genotypes and genomic evaluation as a routine and official process. C1 [Wiggans, G. R.; VanRaden, P. M.; Bacheller, L. R.; Tooker, M. E.; Hutchison, J. L.; Cooper, T. A.] ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sonstegard, T. S.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wiggans, GR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM George.Wiggans@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC) [2006-35205-16888, 2006-35205-16701]; National Association of Animal Breeders (Columbia, MO); Holstein Association USA (Brattleboro, VT); American Jersey Cattle Association (Reynoldsburg, OH); Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association (Beloit, WI) FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative grants 2006-35205-16888 and 2006-35205-16701 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (Washington, DC) and by the National Association of Animal Breeders (Columbia, MO), Holstein Association USA (Brattleboro, VT), American Jersey Cattle Association (Reynoldsburg, OH), and Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association (Beloit, WI). Genotypes were contributed by Semex Alliance (Guelph, Ontario, Canada) and the Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada). Frank Ross (Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD) developed the web nomination system. The authors thank Kent Weigel (University of Wisconsin Madison) and Suzanne Hubbard (Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, ARS, USDA) for manuscript review and suggestions and Alicia Beavers (Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD) for technical assistance in refining genotypes and confirming sample exchanges. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 93 IS 5 BP 2287 EP 2292 DI 10.3168/jds.2009-2773 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 586VA UT WOS:000276940800055 PM 20412945 ER PT J AU Lopes, F Combs, DK Hoffman, PC Esser, NM Coblentz, W AF Lopes, F. Combs, D. K. Hoffman, P. C. Esser, N. M. Coblentz, W. TI Grazing behavior of heifers measured by handheld GPS SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Abstracts of American-Dairy-Science-Association/American-Society-of-Animal-Science, Author Presenting Paper CY MAR 15-17, 2010 CL Des Moines, IA SP Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Anim Sci DE grazing; behavior; heifers C1 [Lopes, F.; Combs, D. K.; Hoffman, P. C.; Esser, N. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Coblentz, W.] ARS, USDA, Marshfield, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 93 IS 5 BP 2300 EP 2300 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 586VA UT WOS:000276940800059 ER PT J AU Pezzanite, LM Dennis, TS Schroer, RC Schutz, MM Eicher, SD Nennich, TD AF Pezzanite, L. M. Dennis, T. S. Schroer, R. C. Schutz, M. M. Eicher, S. D. Nennich, T. D. TI Effects of increased hutch ventilation on dairy calf performance SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Abstracts of American-Dairy-Science-Association/American-Society-of-Animal-Science, Author Presenting Paper CY MAR 15-17, 2010 CL Des Moines, IA SP Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Anim Sci DE dairy calves; hutch; heat stress C1 [Pezzanite, L. M.; Dennis, T. S.; Schroer, R. C.; Schutz, M. M.; Nennich, T. D.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Eicher, S. D.] ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 93 IS 5 BP 2300 EP 2300 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 586VA UT WOS:000276940800058 ER PT J AU Gay, KD Eicher, SD Wilcox, CS Bridges, JA Rastagno, MH Charley, SE Schutz, MM AF Gay, K. D. Eicher, S. D. Wilcox, C. S. Bridges, J. A. Rastagno, M. H. Charley, S. E. Schutz, M. M. TI Effect of bedding material on performance, health, and hide contamination of calves reared in hutches SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Abstracts of American-Dairy-Science-Association/American-Society-of-Animal-Science, Author Presenting Paper CY MAR 15-17, 2010 CL Des Moines, IA SP Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Anim Sci DE bedding; calf; growth C1 [Gay, K. D.; Wilcox, C. S.; Bridges, J. A.; Charley, S. E.; Schutz, M. M.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Eicher, S. D.; Wilcox, C. S.; Rastagno, M. H.] ARS, USDA, Livestock Behav Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 93 IS 5 BP 2301 EP 2301 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 586VA UT WOS:000276940800060 ER PT J AU Nelson, CD Reinhardt, TA Beitz, DC Lippolis, JD AF Nelson, C. D. Reinhardt, T. A. Beitz, D. C. Lippolis, J. D. TI Innate immune responses of bovine mammary epithelial cells triggered by toll-like receptor signaling are enhanced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Abstracts of American-Dairy-Science-Association/American-Society-of-Animal-Science, Author Presenting Paper CY MAR 15-17, 2010 CL Des Moines, IA SP Amer Dairy Sci Assoc, Amer Soc Anim Sci DE vitamin D; immune response; mastitis C1 [Nelson, C. D.; Beitz, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Nelson, C. D.; Reinhardt, T. A.; Lippolis, J. D.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 93 IS 5 BP 2304 EP 2304 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 586VA UT WOS:000276940800069 ER PT J AU Ippolito, JA Barbarick, KA Paschke, MW Brobst, RB AF Ippolito, J. A. Barbarick, K. A. Paschke, M. W. Brobst, R. B. TI Infrequent composted biosolids applications affect semi-arid grassland soils and vegetation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Composted biosolids application; Long-term effects; Metals; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Plant species composition; Short-term effects; Soil carbon ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; AGRICULTURAL LAND; AVAILABILITY AB Monitoring of repeated composted biosolids applications is necessary for improving beneficial reuse program management strategies, because materials will likely be reapplied to the same site at a future point in time. A field trial evaluated a single and a repeated composted biosolids application in terms of long-term (13-14 years) and short-term (2-3 years) effects, respectively, on soil chemistry and plant community in a Colorado semi-arid grassland. Six composted biosolids rates (0, 2.5, 5,10, 21, 30 Mg ha(-1)) were surface applied in a split-plot design study with treatment (increasing compost rates) as the main factor and co-application time (1991, or 1991 and 2002) as the split factor applications. Short- and long-term treatment effects were evident in 2004 and 2005 for soil 0-8 cm depth pH, EC, NO3-N, NH4-N, total N, and AB-DTPA soil Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, P. and Ba. Soil organic matter increases were still evident 13 and 14 years following composted biosolids application. The repeated composted biosolids application increased soil NO3-N and NH4-N and decreased AB-DTPA extractable Ba as compared to the single composted biosolids application in 2004; differences between short- and long-term applications were less evident in 2005. Increasing biosolids rates resulted in increased native perennial grass cover in 2005. Plant tissue Cu, Mo, Zn, and P concentrations increased, while Ba content decreased depending on specific plant species and year. Overall, the lack of many significant negative effects suggests that short- or long-term composted biosolids application at the rates studied did not adversely affect this semi-arid grassland ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ippolito, J. A.] USDA, NWISRL, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. [Barbarick, K. A.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Paschke, M. W.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brobst, R. B.] US EPA, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Ippolito, JA (reprint author), USDA, NWISRL, 3793 North,3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jim.ippolito@ars.usda.gov RI Barbarick, Kenneth/B-7974-2013; Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Barbarick, Kenneth/0000-0002-8779-0740; Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 FU USDA-ARS; Colorado State University; US EPA Region 8 [CP978001-01]; City of Fort Collins, Colorado FX The USDA-ARS and Colorado State University gratefully acknowledges US EPA Region 8 (Grant #CP978001-01) for its financial, technical, and administrative assistance in funding and managing the project through which this information was discovered. We also thank the City of Fort Collins, Colorado for their continued support of this project. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1130 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.01.004 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 579LT UT WOS:000276372800009 PM 20097468 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MB Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Hartel, PG Cabrera, ML AF Jenkins, Michael B. Endale, Dinku M. Schomberg, Harry H. Hartel, Peter G. Cabrera, Miguel L. TI 17 beta-Estradiol and testosterone in drainage and runoff from poultry litter applications to tilled and no-till crop land under irrigation (vol 90, pg 2659, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Correction C1 [Jenkins, Michael B.; Endale, Dinku M.; Schomberg, Harry H.] USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. [Hartel, Peter G.; Cabrera, Miguel L.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM michael.jenkins@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 91 IS 5 BP 1243 EP 1243 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.12.001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 579LT UT WOS:000276372800022 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Gross, JR Kronberg, SL Phillips, RL Hanson, JD AF Liebig, M. A. Gross, J. R. Kronberg, S. L. Phillips, R. L. Hanson, J. D. TI Grazing Management Contributions to Net Global Warming Potential: A Long-term Evaluation in the Northern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; MIXED-GRASS PRAIRIE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE OXIDATION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL CARBON; FLUXES; CATTLE; N2O; AGRICULTURE AB The role of grassland ecosystems as net sinks or sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is limited by a paucity of information regarding management impacts on the flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) Furthermore, no long-term evaluation of net global warming potential (GWP) for grassland ecosystems in the northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America has been reported Given this need, we sought to determine net GWP for duce grazing management systems located within the NGP Grazing management systems included two native vegetation pastures (moderately grazed pasture [MGP], heavily grazed pasture [HGP]) and a heavily grazed crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch ex Link) Schult] pasture (CWP) near Mandan, ND Factors evaluated for their contribution to GWP included (i) CO2 emissions associated with N fertilizer production and application, (ii) literature-derived estimates of CH4 production for enteric fermentation, (iii) change in soil organic carbon (SOC) over 44 yr using archived soil samples, and (iv) soil-atmosphere N2O and CH4 fluxes over 3 yr using static chamber methodology Analysis of SOC indicated all pastures to be significant sinks for SOC, with sequestration rates ranging from 0 39 to 0.46 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1). All pastures were minor sinks for CH4 (<2 0 kg CH4-C ha(-1) yr(-1)). Greater N inputs within CWP contributed to annual N2O emission nearly threefold greater than HGP and MGP Due to differences in stocking rate. CH4 production from enteric fermentation was nearly threefold less in MGP than CWP and HGP When factors contributing to net GWP were summed. HGP and MGP were found to serve as net CO2equiv sinks, while CWP was a net CO2equiv source. Values for GWP and GHG intensity, however, indicated net reductions in GHG emissions can be most effectively achieved through moderate stocking rates on native vegetation in the NGP. C1 [Liebig, M. A.; Gross, J. R.; Kronberg, S. L.; Phillips, R. L.; Hanson, J. D.] USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RI Phillips, Rebecca/G-6175-2015 OI Phillips, Rebecca/0000-0003-3881-9065 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service GRACEnet Project FX The authors gratefully acknowledge David Brandt, Patrick Kilzer, Angela Renner, Gail Sage, and Becky Wald for their assistance with sample collection and laboratory analyses We also thank Michel Cavigeli, Feike Dijkstra, Jay Halvorson, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments to improve earlier drafts of this paper This publication is based on work supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service GRACEnet Project NR 57 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 9 U2 47 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 799 EP 809 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0272 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100005 PM 20400576 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Wilson, CG Moorman, TB Cole, KJ Heer, D Isenhart, TM AF Tomer, M. D. Wilson, C. G. Moorman, T. B. Cole, K. J. Heer, D. Isenhart, T. M. TI Source-Pathway Separation of Multiple Contaminants during a Rainfall-Runoff Event in an Artificially Drained Agricultural Watershed SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; SEDIMENT SOURCES; TILE DRAINAGE; SOUTH FORK; IOWA; QUALITY; SOIL; NITROGEN; NITRATE; RIVER AB A watershed's water quality is influenced by contaminant-transport pathways unique to each landscape Accurate information on contaminant-pathways could provide a basis for mitigation through well-targeted approaches This study determined dynamics of nitrate-N. total P, Escherichia coli, and sediment during a runoff event in Tipton Creek. Iowa The watershed, under crop and livestock production, has extensive tile drainage discharging through an alluvial valley A September 2006 storm yielded 5 9 mm of discharge during the ensuing 7 d, which was monitored at the outlet (19,850 ha), two tile-drainage outfalls (total 1856 ha), and a runoff flume (11 ha) within the sloped valley Hydrograph separations indicated 13% of tile discharge was from surface intakes Tile and outlet nitrate-N loads were similar, verifying subsurface tiles dominate nitrate delivery On a unit-area basis, tile total P and E cob loads, respectively, were about half and 30% of the outlet's, their rapid, synchronous timing showed surface intakes are an important pathway for both contaminants Flume results indicated field runoff was a significant source of total P and E. colt loads, but not the dominant one At the outlet, sediment. P. and E cob were reasonably synchronous Radionuclide activities of (7)Be and (210)Pb in suspended sediments showed sheet-and-rill erosion sourced only 22% of sediment contributions, therefore, channel sources dominated and were an important source of P and E colt. The contaminants followed unique pathways. necessitating separate mitigation strategies. To comprehensively address water quality, erosion-control and nitrogen-management practices currently encouraged could be complemented by buffering surface intakes and stabilizing stream banks C1 [Tomer, M. D.; Moorman, T. B.; Cole, K. J.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wilson, C. G.] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. [Heer, D.; Isenhart, T. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Nat Resources Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 39 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 882 EP 895 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0289 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100013 PM 20400584 ER PT J AU Wang, QX Wang, D Tang, JT Yan, DD Zhang, HJ Wang, FY Guo, MX Cao, AC AF Wang, Qiuxia Wang, Dong Tang, Jueting Yan, Dongdong Zhang, Hongjun Wang, Fangyan Guo, Meixia Cao, Aocheng TI Gas-Phase Distribution and Emission of Chloropicrin Applied in Gelatin Capsules to Soil Columns SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE EMISSION; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; FUMIGATION; EFFICACY; TOMATO AB Chloropicrin (CP) is highly volatile and may pose strong exposure risks for humans and the environment A gelatin capsule formulation was developed to reduce atmospheric CP emissions and to tint-move application safety The objective of this study was to determine the distribution, atmospheric emissions, and sod residual of CP after application in gelatin capsules to soil columns Two treatments were studied (i) CP liquid injection with polyethylene film and (ii) CP gelatin capsules with polyethylene film For the CP liquid injection treatment, the concentration of CP peaked (120 7 mu g cm(-3)) at the 20-cm depth 1 h after fumigant injection and decreased with time: at other depths, the CP concentration increased initially and decreased after a typical diffusion-dispersion process. For the gelatin capsule treatment, concentrations of CP at 20 cm depth increased slowly and peaked at 30 04 its cm(-3) 264 h after application. indicating a slow CP release through the gelatin capsule shells. The results indicate that a rapid breakdown of gelatin capsules occurred between 11 and 12 d after application The application of CP gelatin capsules reduced total CP emission by approximately 3 times compared with liquid injection with film cover Similar residual soil CP was found between the liquid injection and the two gelatin capsule treatments Chloropicrin gelatin capsules could be a promising new technology for reducing environmental emissions and potential human exposure C1 [Wang, Qiuxia; Tang, Jueting; Yan, Dongdong; Wang, Fangyan; Guo, Meixia; Cao, Aocheng] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Pesticide Chem & Applicat, Minist Agr, Dep Pesticide,Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Wang, Dong] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Zhang, Hongjun] Minist Agr, Inst Control Agrochem, Beijing 100125, Peoples R China. RP Cao, AC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Pesticide Chem & Applicat, Minist Agr, Dep Pesticide,Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. FU Methyl Bromide Substitution Program of China [2110402]; National Natural Science Foundation project of China [30900958] FX This research was supported by the Methyl Bromide Substitution Program of China (Special Finance of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, 2110402) and the National Natural Science Foundation project of China (30900958) NR 19 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 917 EP 922 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0342 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100016 PM 20400587 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Jabro, JD Caesar-TonThat, T AF Sainju, Upendra M. Jabro, Jalal D. Caesar-TonThat, Thecan TI Tillage, Cropping Sequence, and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Dryland Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission and Carbon Content SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GREENHOUSE GASES; GREAT-PLAINS; INTENSITY; RESIDUE; SYSTEMS; FLUXES; AGROECOSYSTEM AB Management practices are needed to reduce dryland sod CO(2) emissions and to Increase C sequestiation We evaluated the effects of tillage and cropping sequence combinations and N fertilization on dryland crop biomass (stems + leaves) and sod surface CO(2) flux and C content (0- to 120-cm depth) in a Williams loam from May to October, 2006 to 2008. in eastern Montana Treatments were no-tilled continuous malt barley (Hordeum vulgaris L) (NTCB), no-tilled malt bailey pea (Pivot; sativum L) (NTB-P), no-tilled malt barley fallow (NTB-F), and conventional-tilled malt barley fallow (CTB-F), each with 0 and 80 kg N ha(-1) Measurements were made both in Phase I (malt barley in NTCB, pea in NTB-P, and fallow in NTB-F and CTB-F) and Phase II (malt barley in all sequences) of each cropping sequence in every year Crop biomass varied among years. was greater in the barley than in the pea phase of the NTB-P treatment, and greater in NTCB and NTB-P than in NTB-F and CTB-F in 2 out of 3 yr Similarly biomass was greater with 80 than with 0 kg N ha(-1) in 1 out of 3 yr. Soil CO(2) flux increased from 8 mg C m(-2) h(-1) in early May to 239 mg C m(-2) h(-1) in mid-June as temperature increased and then declined to 3 mg C m(-2) h(-1) in September October Fluxes peaked immediately following substantial precipitation (>10 mm). especially in NTCB and NTB-P Cumulative CO(2) flux from May to October was greater in 2006 and 2007 than in 2008, greater in cropping than in fallow phases, and greater in NTCB than in NTB-F. Tillage did not influence crop biomass and CO(2) flux but N fertilization had a variable effect on the flux in 2008. Similarly, soil total C content was not influenced by treatments Annual cropping increased CO(2) flux compared with crop fallow probably by increasing crop residue returns to sods and root and rhizosphere respiration Inclusion cif peas in the rotation wills malt barley in the no-till system, which have been known to reduce N fertilization rates and sustain malt barley yields, resulted in a CO(2) flux similar to that in the CTB-F sequence C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Jabro, Jalal D.; Caesar-TonThat, Thecan] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Aye, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RI Yang, Yang/C-7464-2012 FU USDA-ARS FX We sincerely acknowledge the help provided by Johnny Rteger, Joy Lyn Barsotti, and Christopher Russell for collecting gas, sod, and plant samples in the held and analyzing them in the laboratory and Andy Lenssen, Mark Gaffri, Michael Johnson, and Randall Obergfell for managing the experimental plots We also acknowledge USDA-ARS GRACEnet Project for providing parr of the funds to conduct this experiment NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 935 EP 945 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0223 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100018 PM 20400589 ER PT J AU Chun, JA Cooke, RA Kang, MS Choi, M Timlin, D Park, SW AF Chun, Jong A. Cooke, Richard A. Kang, Moon S. Choi, Minha Timlin, Dennis Park, Seung W. TI Runoff Losses of Suspended Sediment, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus from a Small Watershed in Korea SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID RATING CURVES; NUTRIENT RUNOFF; STORM EVENTS; PADDY FIELD; REGRESSION; FLUX; RIVER AB Nutrients and sediments in runoff lead to the degradation of water quality of lakes and streams The development of schemes to mu gate such degradation requires a characterization of the underlying transport processes The objectives of this study were to develop annual and seasonal load discharge relationships for suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) losses from a small mixed land use watershed and to use these relationships to explicate the annual and monthly patterns of losses of these species Data from 1996 to 2004 were used to develop load discharge relationships for SS. TN, and TP at the HP#6 watershed, a subwatershed of the Balhan reservoir watershed located in Bongdam-myun and Paltan-myun, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Standard least squares curve fining and S-estimation procedures were used to fit power functions to the data collected over this rime period The fitted load discharge relationships are indicative of seasonal variations in SS and TN and of TP losses from HP#6 The exponents of the fitted power functions for TN and TP in the fall, for TP in summer season, and for SS in all seasons are >1, indicating that the concentrations of these species increase as flow rate increases Most of the SS, TN, and TP transported in runoff left the watershed between April and September, thus, cost-efficient strategies can be established by focusing on this period Further study of the seasonal variations is required for a better characterization of seasonal losses of SS, TN, and TP in runoff from the HP#6 watershed C1 [Kang, Moon S.; Park, Seung W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dep Rural Syst Engn, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Chun, Jong A.; Timlin, Dennis] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Cooke, Richard A.] Univ Illinois, Dep Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Choi, Minha] Hanyang Univ, Dep Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Kang, MS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dep Rural Syst Engn, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. FU Sustainable Water Research Center of 21st Century Frontier Research Program [4-5-3] FX This research was supported by a grant (cork # 4-5-3) from Sustainable Water Research Center of 21st Century Frontier Research Program NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 981 EP 990 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0226 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100022 PM 20400593 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Bonta, JV Dayton, EA Owens, LB AF Shipitalo, Martin J. Bonta, James V. Dayton, Elizabeth A. Owens, Lloyd B. TI Impact of Grassed Waterways and Compost Filter Socks on the Quality of Surface Runoff from Corn Fields SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SILT FENCE; SEDIMENT; PERFORMANCE; TILLAGE; STRIPS AB Surface runoff from cropland frequently has high concentrations of nutrients and herbicides, particularly in the first few events after application. Grassed waterways can control erosion while transmitting this runoff offsite, but are generally ineffective in removing dissolved agrochemicals In this study, we routed runoff front one tilled (0 67 ha) and one no-till watershed (0 79 ha) planted to corn (Zea mays L) into parallel. 30-m-long grassed waterways Two 46-cm-diam filter socks filled with composted bark and wood chips were placed 7 5 m apart in the upper half oboe waterway and in the lower half of the other waterway to determine if they decreased concentrations of sediment and dissolved chemicals Automated samplers were used to obtain samples above and below the treated segments of the waterways for two crop years The filter socks had no significant effect (P <= 0 05) on sediment concentrations for runoff from the no-till watershed. but contributed to an additional 49% reduction in average sediment concentration compared with unamended waterways used with the tilled watershed. The filter socks significantly increased the concentrations of Cl, NO(3)-N, PO(4)-P, SO(4), Ca, K, Na, and Mg in runoff from at least one watershed. probably due to soluble forms of these ions in the compost The estimated additional amounts of these ions contributed by the socks each year ranged from 0 04 to I 2 kg. thus were likely to be inconsequential The filter socks contributed to a significant (P <= 0 05) additional reduction in dissolved glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] (5%) and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide] (18%) concentrations for the tilled watersheds, but this was insufficient to reduce alachlor concentrations to acceptable levels C1 [Shipitalo, Martin J.; Bonta, James V.; Owens, Lloyd B.] USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. [Dayton, Elizabeth A.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1009 EP 1018 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0291 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100025 PM 20400596 ER PT J AU Buda, AR Church, C Kleinman, PJA Saporito, LS Moyer, BG Tao, L AF Buda, Anthony R. Church, Clinton Kleinman, Peter J. A. Saporito, Lou S. Moyer, Barton G. Tao, Liang TI Using Rare Earth Elements to Control Phosphorus and Track Manure in Runoff SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS; SOLUBILITY PRODUCTS; SEDIMENT MOVEMENT; SOIL; PHOSPHATES; ALUMINUM; INDEXES; OXIDES AB Concern over the enrichment of agricultural runoff with phosphors (P) from land applied livestock manures has prompted the development of manure amendments that minimize P solubility in this study, we amended poultry, dairy, and swine manures with two rare earth chlorides, lanthanum chloride (LaCl(3) 7H(2)O) and ytterbium chloride (YbCl(3)center dot 6H(2)O), to evaluate their effects on P solubility in the manure following incubation in the laboratory as well as on the fare of P and rare earth elements (REEs) when manures were surface-applied to packed soil boxes and subjected to simulated rainfall. In terms of manure P solubility, La.water-extractable P (WED) ratios close to 11 resulted in maximum WEP reduction of 95% in dairy manure and 98% in dry poultry later. Results from the runoff study showed that REE applications to dry manures such as poultry litter were less effective in reducing dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in runoff than in liquid manures and slurries, which was likely due to mixing limitations The most effective reductions of DRP in runoff by REEs were observed in the alkaline pH soil, although reductions of DRP in runoff from the acidic soil were still >50% Particulate REEs were strongly associated with particulate P in runoff, suggesting a potentially useful role in tracking the fate of P and other manure constituents from manure-amended soils Finally, REEs that remained in sod following runoff had a tendency to precipitate WEE especially in sods receiving manure amendments. The findings have valuable applications in water quality protection and the evaluation of P site assessment indices C1 [Buda, Anthony R.; Church, Clinton; Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Saporito, Lou S.; Moyer, Barton G.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Tao, Liang] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Buda, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. RI Buda, Anthony/B-4860-2013 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1028 EP 1035 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0359 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100027 PM 20400598 ER PT J AU Nolan, BT Puckett, LJ Ma, LW Green, CT Bayless, ER Malone, RW AF Nolan, Bernard T. Puckett, Larry J. Ma, Liwang Green, Christopher T. Bayless, E. Randall Malone, Robert W. TI Predicting Unsaturated Zone Nitrogen Mass Balances in Agricultural Settings of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY MODEL; TILE-DRAINAGE; CROP YIELD; NITRATE; TRANSPORT; RZWQM; FATE; CORN; FLOW; COMPONENT AB Unsaturated zone N fate and transport were evaluated at four sues to identify the predominant pathways of N cycling an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb] orchard and cornfield (Zea mays L) in the lower Merced River study basin, California, and corn soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] rotations in study basins at Maple Creek, Nebraska. and at Morgan Creek. Maryland We used inverse modeling with a new version of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to estimate soil hydraulic and nitrogen transformation parameters throughout the unsaturated zone, previous versions were limited to 3-m depth and relied on manual calibration The overall goal of the modeling was to derive unsaturated zone N mass balances for die four sues RZWQM2 showed promise for deeper simulation profiles Relative root mean square error (RRMSE) values for predicted and observed nitrate concentrations in lysimeters were 0 40 and 0 52 for California (6 5 m depth) and Nebraska (10 m), respectively, and index of agreement (d) values were 0 60 and 0.71 (d varies between 0 and I. with higher values indicating better agreement) For the shallow simulation profile (1 m) in Maryland, RRMSE and d for nitrate were 0.22 and 0 86, respectively Except for Nebraska, predictions of average nitrate concentration at the bottom of the simulation profile agreed reasonably well with measured concentrations in monitoring wells The largest additions of N were predicted to come from inorganic fertilizer (153-195 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) its California) and N fixation (99 and 131 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in Maryland and Nebraska. respectively) Predicted N losses occurred primarily through plant uptake (144-237 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) and deep seepage our of the profile (56-102 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)). Large reservoirs of organic N (up to 17,500 kg N ha(-1) m(-1) at Nebraska) were predicted to reside in the unsaturated zone, which has implications for potential future transfer of nitrate to groundwater C1 [Nolan, Bernard T.; Puckett, Larry J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Ma, Liwang] USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Bayless, E. Randall] US Geol Survey, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. [Green, Christopher T.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Nolan, BT (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 413 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 1051 EP 1065 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0310 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 589EL UT WOS:000277129100030 PM 20400601 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR Hobbs, C Park, BS AF Takeoka, Gary R. Hobbs, Christopher Park, Byeoung-Soo TI Volatile Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Salvia apiana Jepson SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Salvia apiana; white sage; Lamiaceae; essential oil composition; 1,8-cineole; camphor; 1,3,5-undecatriene isomers; 1,3,5,8-undecatetraene isomers ID ESSENTIAL OIL; C-23 TERPENOIDS; OFFICINALIS L.; 1,8-CINEOL; DITERPENE; SKELETON; SAGE AB Volatile constituents of the aerial parts of fresh white sage (Salvia apiana Jepson) were isolated by extraction with diethyl ether followed by high vacuum distillation with a solvent assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) apparatus. The isolated volatiles were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 84 constituents were identified (constituting 95.1% of the total area), 11 of which were tentatively identified. The volatiles were characterized by a high content of hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes. The major constituents identified were 1,8-cineole (34.5%), camphor (21.7%), beta-pinene (7.4%), alpha-pinene (6.4%), delta-3-carene (6.4%), camphene (3.9%), limonene (3.5%), myrcene (3.2%), and terpinolene (1.3%). C1 [Takeoka, Gary R.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Hobbs, Christopher] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Byeoung-Soo] Hankyong Natl Univ, Inst Ecol Phytochem, Ansong 456749, Kyonggi Do, South Korea. RP Takeoka, GR (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 591YP UT WOS:000277341800015 ER PT J AU Martin, RC Liu, PP Goloviznina, NA Nonogaki, H AF Martin, Ruth C. Liu, Po-Pu Goloviznina, Natalya A. Nonogaki, Hiroyuki TI microRNA, seeds, and Darwin?: diverse function of miRNA in seed biology and plant responses to stress SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE Darwin; germination; microRNA; seeds; stress response ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SMALL RNAS; REGULATED MICRORNAS; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; DOWN-REGULATION; AUXIN RESPONSE; IDENTIFICATION; GENES; FINCHES; TARGETS AB microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded RNAs that down-regulate target genes at the post-transcriptional level. miRNAs regulate target genes by guiding mRNA cleavage or by repressing translation. miRNAs play crucial roles in a broad range of developmental processes in plants. Multiple miRNAs are present in germinating seeds and seedlings of Arabidopsis, some of which are involved in the regulation of germination and seedling growth by plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin. The involvement of miRNAs in ABA responses is not limited to the early stages of plant development but seems to be important for general stress responses throughout the plant life cycle. This Darwin review summarizes recent progress in miRNA research focusing on seed and stress biology, two topics which were of interest to Charles Darwin. C1 [Goloviznina, Natalya A.; Nonogaki, Hiroyuki] Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Liu, Po-Pu] Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Martin, Ruth C.] USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Nonogaki, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM hiro.nonogaki@oregonstate.edu OI Goloviznina, Natalya/0000-0001-6002-4125 FU NSF [IBN-0237562]; American Seed Research Foundation FX This work was supported by NSF grant IBN-0237562 (to HN) and an American Seed Research Foundation grant (to HN and RCM). NR 46 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 61 IS 9 BP 2229 EP 2234 DI 10.1093/jxb/erq063 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613TJ UT WOS:000279003600001 PM 20335408 ER PT J AU Carmo-Silva, AE Keys, AJ Andralojc, PJ Powers, SJ Arrabaca, MC Parry, MAJ AF Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete Keys, Alfred J. Andralojc, P. John Powers, Stephen J. Arrabaca, M. Celeste Parry, Martin A. J. TI Rubisco activities, properties, and regulation in three different C-4 grasses under drought SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE CA1P; Cynodon dactylon; kinetic constants; Paspalum dilatatum; Rubisco; RuBP; water deficit; Zoysia japonica ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; IMPOSED WATER-DEFICIT; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; 2-CARBOXYARABINITOL 1-PHOSPHATE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; 1,5-DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; NOCTURNAL INHIBITOR; OXYGENASE ACTIVITY AB In C-4 plants, water deficit may decrease photosynthetic CO2 assimilation independently of changes in stomatal conductance, suggesting decreased turnover by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The activity and biochemistry of Rubisco was studied in three different C-4 grasses: Paspalum dilatatum, Cynodon dactylon, and Zoysia japonica. The objectives were to characterize the C-4 Rubisco in these species and to identify factors associated with decreased photosynthetic rates caused by drought. Rubisco isolated from each of the three C-4 grasses was characterized by smaller specificity factors (S-C/O), larger Michaelis-Menten constants for CO2 (K-c) and O-2 (K-o), and larger maximum carboxylation velocities (V-c) than Rubisco from wheat, which can be rationalized in terms of the CO2-rich environment of C-4 Rubisco in the bundle sheath. During leaf dehydration the quantity and maximum activity of Rubisco remained unchanged but the initial and total activities declined slightly, possibly due to increased inhibition. Tight-binding inhibitors were present in the light but were more abundant in the dark, especially in Z. japonica, and increased in quantity with drought stress. The inhibitor from darkened leaves of Z. japonica was identified as 2-carboxyarabinitol-1-phosphate (CA1P). Consistent with the presence of CA1P, the total activity of Rubisco was decreased after 12 h darkness in Z. japonica. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) in the leaves decreased with drought stress, to quantities approximating those of Rubisco catalytic sites. The magnitude of the decrease in RuBP suggested that, at least in C. dactylon and Z. japonica, it could contribute to the drought-induced decrease in photosynthesis. C1 [Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete; Arrabaca, M. Celeste] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Engn Biol, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete; Arrabaca, M. Celeste] Univ Lisbon, Dept Biol Vegetal, Fac Ciencias, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Carmo-Silva, A. Elizabete; Keys, Alfred J.; Andralojc, P. John; Parry, Martin A. J.] Rothamsted Res, Dept Plant Sci, Ctr Crop Genet Improvement, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Powers, Stephen J.] Rothamsted Res, Ctr Math & Computat Biol, Dept Biomath & Bioinformat, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Carmo-Silva, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM elizabete.carmosilva@gmail.com RI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/G-7437-2012; OI Carmo-Silva, Elizabete/0000-0001-6059-9359; Parry, Martin/0000-0002-4477-672X FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal [SFRH/BD/13730/2003]; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK FX AE Carmo-Silva acknowledges Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal, for financial support (PhD grant SFRH/BD/13730/2003). Rothamsted Research is a grant-aided institute of The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK. The authors thank AgResearch, Margot Forde Forage Germplasm Centre, New Zealand, and Alipio Dias & Irmao, Lda, Portugal, for providing grass seeds; and Dr Michael E Salvucci, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USA, for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 70 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 33 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 61 IS 9 BP 2355 EP 2366 DI 10.1093/jxb/erq071 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613TJ UT WOS:000279003600012 PM 20363871 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB Wang, P AF Kinraide, Thomas B. Wang, Peng TI The surface charge density of plant cell membranes (sigma): an attempt to resolve conflicting values for intrinsic sigma SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Charge density; membrane; plant; surface potential; xi potential ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE; 9-AMINOACRIDINE FLUORESCENCE; WHEAT ROOT; ZETA-POTENTIALS; PROTOPLASTS; VESICLES; ALUMINUM; ION; PHYTOTOXICITY; SORPTION AB The electrical potentials at membrane surfaces (psi(0)) strongly influence the physiological responses to ions. Ion activities at membrane surfaces may be computed from psi(0), and physiological responses to ions are better interpreted with surface activities than with bulk-phase activities. psi(0) influences the gating of ion channels and the driving force for ion fluxes across membranes. psi(0) may be computed with electrostatic models incorporating the intrinsic surface charge density of the membrane (sigma(0)), the ion composition of the bathing medium, and ion binding to the membrane. Some of the parameter values needed for the models are well established: the equilibrium constants for ion binding were confirmed for several ions using multiple approaches, and a method is proposed for the computation of other binding constants. sigma(0) is less well established, although it has been estimated by several methods, including computation from the near-surface electrical potentials [zeta (xi) potentials] measured by electrophoreses. Computation from xi potentials yields values in the range -2 mC m(-2) to -8 mC m(-2), but other methods yield values in the range -15 mC m(-2) to -40 mC m(-2). A systematic discrepancy between measured and computed xi potentials was noted. The preponderance of evidence supports the suitability of sigma(0)= -30 mC m(-2). A proposed, fully paramatized Gouy-Chapman-Stern model appears to be suitable for the interpretation of many plant responses to the ionic environment. C1 [Kinraide, Thomas B.] ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Wang, Peng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, State Key Lab Soil & Sustainable Agr, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov RI Wang, Peng/E-2008-2012 OI Wang, Peng/0000-0001-8622-8767 NR 46 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 61 IS 9 BP 2507 EP 2518 DI 10.1093/jxb/erq082 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 613TJ UT WOS:000279003600025 PM 20435694 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Tarrago-Trani, MT Gebhardt, SE Exler, J Patterson, KY Haytowitz, DB Pehrsson, PR Holden, JM AF Phillips, Katherine M. Tarrago-Trani, Maria Teresa Gebhardt, Susan E. Exler, Jacob Patterson, Kristine Y. Haytowitz, David B. Pehrsson, Pamela R. Holden, Joanne M. TI Stability of vitamin C in frozen raw fruit and vegetable homogenates SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Vitamin C; Ascorbic acid; Dehydroascorbic acid; Freezing; Temperature; Stability; Storage; Homogenization; Analysis; Fruits; Vegetables; Oranges; Juice; Clementines; Tangerines; Citrus; Collards; Potatoes; Leafy greens; Food analysis; Food composition ID NUTRIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM; NATIONAL FOOD; ASCORBIC-ACID; STORAGE AB Retention of vitamin C in homogenized raw fruits and vegetables stored under routine conditions prior to analysis was investigated. Raw collard greens (Brassica oleracea var. viridis), clementines (Citrus clementina hort. ex Tanaka), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) were chosen, being representative of foods to be sampled in USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP), and having different expected stability of ascorbic acid (AA). Samples were homogenized in liquid nitrogen, assayed immediately, then stored at -60 degrees C and analyzed at time points up to 49 weeks. Vitamin C (as total AA after reduction of dehydroascorbic acid) was analyzed using a validated method with quantitation by HPLC/ultraviolet detection. An orange juice control sample was included in each run. Vitamin C concentrations were stable in clementines and the orange juice, but decreased in collards and potatoes [16.8 and 10.9 mg/100 g (14.7% and 30.4%), respectively, after 49 weeks]. Significant losses had occurred after 12 weeks. These results suggest similar matrices must receive careful attention to sample handling protocols before analysis or AA values may not reflect the concentration in the food as consumed. The control sample was critical to allowing assessment of storage effects independent of analytical variability. Fruits and vegetables for the NFNAP will be analyzed without storage until a practical stabilization protocol is validated. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gebhardt, Susan E.; Exler, Jacob; Patterson, Kristine Y.; Haytowitz, David B.; Pehrsson, Pamela R.; Holden, Joanne M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Phillips, Katherine M.; Tarrago-Trani, Maria Teresa] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem 0308, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU National Institutes of Health and the USDA [Y1-CN-5010-06]; USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [59-1235-7-146]; State University FX This work was supported as part of Interagency Agreement #Y1-CN-5010-06 between the National Institutes of Health and the USDA and Cooperative Agreement #59-1235-7-146 between USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The detailed work of Amy Rasor and Nancy Conley in sample preparation and of Karen Amanna in data quality control, and the assistance of Marlyn Cotty in sample extractions is greatly appreciated. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 23 IS 3 BP 253 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.08.018 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 594NM UT WOS:000277544400008 ER PT J AU Carvalho, CWP Takeiti, CY Onwulata, CI Pordesimo, LO AF Carvalho, Carlos W. P. Takeiti, Cristina Y. Onwulata, Charles I. Pordesimo, Lester O. TI Relative effect of particle size on the physical properties of corn meal extrudates: Effect of particle size on the extrusion of corn meal SO JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Corn meal; Particle size; Expanded extrudate; Texture; Microstructure ID EXPANDED SNACKS; MAIZE GRITS; EXPANSION; PRODUCTS; COOKING; DENSITY; SUGARS; SHAPE; RAW AB Corn meal of various particle sizes ranging from 180 to 710 pro were processed in a twin-screw extruder to produce directly expanded extrudates. The extrusion process effects on the specific mechanical energy (SME), expansion indexes (radial, longitudinal and volumetric), pasting viscosity, water absorption index (WAI) texture properties, and microstructure were determined. Increasing the particle size decreased the SME input. Extrudates produced with corn meal of higher particle sizes expanded more than extrudates produced with smaller particle sizes. For all treatments there was no peak viscosity at 95 degrees C. But expanded corn meal extrudate from the 180 pro fraction showed a discontinuous gel matrix phase. Increasing corn meal particle size decreased WAI values. The mechanical resistance of the extrudates from the smallest particle size was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the largest particle size. The microstructure of raw corn meal revealed large fractured particles with small rounded particles adhering to the surface. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carvalho, Carlos W. P.; Takeiti, Cristina Y.] Embrapa Food Technol, BR-23020470 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Onwulata, Charles I.] USDA ARS NAA ERRC, Dairy Proc & Prod Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Pordesimo, Lester O.] ADM Alliance Nutr Inc, Quincy, IL 62305 USA. RP Carvalho, CWP (reprint author), Embrapa Food Technol, Ave Amer 29501, BR-23020470 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM cwpiler@ctaa.embrapa.br NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0260-8774 J9 J FOOD ENG JI J. Food Eng. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.12.015 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Food Science & Technology SC Engineering; Food Science & Technology GA 563LB UT WOS:000275132400013 ER PT J AU Onwulata, CI AF Onwulata, C. I. TI USE OF EXTRUSION-TEXTURIZED WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATES IN PUFFED CORN MEAL SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN; PRODUCTS; PH; MICROSTRUCTURE; GELS AB Adding whey protein concentrates or isolates to expanded snack foods would boost their nutritional content; however, adding non-textured whey proteins in amounts larger than 5% interferes with expansion, making the products less crunchy. To counter this effect, whey protein isolate (WPI) was first extruded (texturized) at either 50C (WPI-50) or 90C (WPI-100) before adding to corn meal at 25% (WPI) level, and was extruded again to make the puffed product. Corn meal, corn meal with non-texturized WPI (25%), corn meal with WPI-50, or corn meal with WPI-100 were extruded at high shear conditions (300 rpm) and product temperatures of 125C. All extrudates containing texturized WPI were more expanded, firmer, crispier and easier to break than corn meal or corn meal with non-texturized WPI. Pre-texturizing whey proteins and using them in extruded snacks improves textural properties, making it possible to add large amounts of whey proteins directly into expanded snacks to fortify them. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Onwulata, CI (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Dairy Proc & Prod Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM charles.onwulata@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 34 SU 2 BP 571 EP 586 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00375.x PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 600HA UT WOS:000277974900014 ER PT J AU Jin, T Zhang, H Boyd, G AF Jin, Tony Zhang, Howard Boyd, Glenn TI Incorporation of Preservatives in Polylactic Acid Films for Inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Extending Microbiological Shelf Life of Strawberry Puree SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; APPLE CIDER; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NISIN; O157-H7; JUICE; SURVIVAL; EDTA AB Antimicrobial films of polylactic acid polymer incorporated with nisin, EDTA, sodium benzoate (SB), potassium sorbate (PS), and their combinations were developed, and their antimicrobial effects on the inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and natural background microflora (total aerobic bacteria, molds, and yeasts) in strawberry puree at 10 and 22 degrees C were determined. Direct addition of SB + PS to strawberry puree was also used as a comparison with SB + PS film treatment. The combination treatment reduced the cell populations of E. coli O157:H7 from 3.5 log CFU/ml to undetectable levels (<1 CFU/ml) after 14 days and 1 day at 10 and 22 degrees C, respectively, while the cells of E. coli O157:H7 in control samples survived up to 48 days at 10 degrees C and more than 14 days at 22 degrees C. The SB + PS film treatment produced a greater reduction of population of E. coli O157:H7 cells than did the SB + PS direct addition treatment. Similar results were observed for inactivation of natural microflora. In general, the antimicrobial effect was in the following order: film combination > SB + PS film > SB + PS direct addition > EDTA film > nisin film. The data obtained in this study suggest two approaches toward the development of control interventions against E. coli O157:H7 and extension of the microbiological shelf life of strawberry puree: (i) using antimicrobial packaging and (ii) using combinations of preservatives. The film formulas developed here can be used to make bottles or as coatings on the surface of bottles for use in liquid food packaging. C1 [Jin, Tony; Zhang, Howard; Boyd, Glenn] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Jin, T (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM tony.jin@ars.usda.gov OI Jin, Tony/0000-0003-0504-5817 NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 5 BP 812 EP 818 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 595DR UT WOS:000277591400001 PM 20501030 ER PT J AU Ward, TJ Evans, P Wiedmann, M Usgaard, T Roof, SE Stroika, SG Hise, K AF Ward, Todd J. Evans, Peter Wiedmann, Martin Usgaard, Thomas Roof, Sherry E. Stroika, Steven G. Hise, Kelley TI Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service Surveillance of Ready-to-Eat Foods and Processing Facilities SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; POSITIVE SELECTION; GENOTYPING ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; INTERNALIN-A; VIRULENCE; STRAINS; INLA; DISTINCT AB A panel of 501 Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service monitoring programs for ready-to-eat (RTE) foods were subtyped by multilocus genotyping (MLGT) and by sequencing the virulence gene inIA, which codes for intemalin. MLGT analyses confirmed that clonal lineages associated with previous epidemic outbreaks were rare (7.6%) contaminants of RTE meat and poultry products and their production environments. Conversely, sequence analyses revealed mutations leading to 11 different premature stop codons (PMSCs) in inIA, including three novel PMSC mutations, and revealed that the frequency of these virulence-attenuating mutations among RTE isolates (48.5%) was substantially higher than previously appreciated. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in the frequency of inIA PMSCs were observed between lineages and between major serogroups, which could partially explain differences in association of these subtypes with human listeriosis. Interrogation of single-nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for PMSCs in inIA improved strain resolution among isolates with the 10 most common pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, 8 of which included isolates with a PMSC in inIA. The presence or absence of PMSCs in inIA accounted for significant differences (P < 0.05) in Caco-2 invasion efficiencies among isolates with identical PFGE patterns, and the proportion of PulseNet entries from clinical sources was significantly higher (P < 0.001) for PFGE patterns exclusively from isolates with full-length inIA. These results indicated that integration of PFGE and DNA sequence based subtyping provides an improved framework for prediction of relative risk associated with L. monocyto genes strains from RTE foods. C1 [Ward, Todd J.; Usgaard, Thomas] ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Evans, Peter] Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Div Microbiol, Off Publ Hlth Sci, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Wiedmann, Martin; Roof, Sherry E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stroika, Steven G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ward, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM todd.ward@ars.usda.gov RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662 NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 5 BP 861 EP 869 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 595DR UT WOS:000277591400008 PM 20501037 ER PT J AU Singh, A Korasapati, NR Juneja, VK Thippareddi, H AF Singh, Aikansh Korasapati, Nageswara Rao Juneja, Vijay K. Thippareddi, Harshavardhan TI Effect of Phosphate and Meat (Pork) Types on the Germination and Outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens Spores during Abusive Chilling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE; GROWTH; POLYPHOSPHATES; QUALITY; INHIBITION; PRODUCTS; IRON; PSE; TEMPERATURE; SPORULATION AB The effect of phosphate blends and pork meat type (pale, soft, and exudative [PSE]; normal; and dark, firm, and dry [DFD]) on the germination and outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens during abusive exponential chilling times was evaluated. Two phosphates were used: tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP; from two different sources, SAPP(1) and SAPP(2)). The pork loins representing each meat type were ground (1/8-in. [0.3-cm] plate), and one of the three phosphate blends (SAPP(1) + SAPP(2), TSPP + SAPP(1), or TSPP + SAPP(2)) was added (0.3% total, equal proportions of 0.15% each type) with salt (1.0%). The pork was then mixed with a three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain a final concentration of ca. 2.0 to 2.5 log spores per g. The inoculated product was heat shocked for 20 min at 75 degrees C and chilled exponentially from 54.4 to 4 degrees C in a period of 6.5, 9, 12, 15, 18, or 21 h. In control samples (PSE, normal, and DFD), the increase in C. perfringens population was <1 log CFU/g within the 6.5-h chilling period, and longer chilling times resulted in greater increases. C. perfringens population increases of 5.95, 4.73, and 5.95 log CFU/g of meat were observed in normal, PSE, and DFD pork, respectively, during the 21-h abusive chilling period. The combination of SAPP(1) + SAPP(2) was more effective than the other treatments for inhibiting C. perfringens. The types of phosphate and their blends and the meat type affected the germination and outgrowth of C. perfringens spores in cooked pork during abusive chilling periods. C1 [Singh, Aikansh; Korasapati, Nageswara Rao; Thippareddi, Harshavardhan] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Juneja, Vijay K.] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Thippareddi, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM hthippareddi2@unl.edu NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 5 BP 879 EP 887 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 595DR UT WOS:000277591400010 PM 20501039 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Richardson, LJ Cason, JA Buhr, RJ Vizzier-Thaxton, Y Smith, DP Fedorka-Cray, PJ Romanenghi, CP Pereira, LVB Doyle, MP AF Cox, N. A. Richardson, L. J. Cason, J. A. Buhr, R. J. Vizzier-Thaxton, Y. Smith, D. P. Fedorka-Cray, P. J. Romanenghi, C. P. Pereira, L. V. B. Doyle, M. P. TI Comparison of Neck Skin Excision and Whole Carcass Rinse Sampling Methods for Microbiological Evaluation of Broiler Carcasses before and after Immersion Chilling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHICKEN CARCASSES; SALMONELLA DETECTION; POULTRY CARCASSES; WATER RINSE; RECOVERY; MEAT; CONTAMINATION; ACCURACY; BACTERIA; MEDIA AB Sampling protocols for detecting Salmonella on poultry differ among various countries. In the United States, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service dictates that whole broiler carcasses should be rinsed with 400 ml of 1% buffered peptone water, whereas in the European Union 25-g samples composed of neck skin from three carcasses are evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a whole carcass rinse (WCR) and a neck skin excision (NS) procedure for Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolation from the same broiler carcass. Carcasses were obtained from three broiler processing plants. The skin around the neck area was aseptically removed and bagged separately from the carcass, and microbiological analysis was performed. The corresponding carcass was bagged and a WCR sample was evaluated. No significant difference (alpha <= 0.05) in Salmonella prevalence was found between the samples processed by the two methods, but both procedures produced many false-negative Salmonella results. Prechill, 37% (66 carcasses), 28% (50 carcasses), and 51% (91 carcasses) of the 180 carcasses examined were positive for Salmonella by WCR, NS, and both procedures combined, respectively. Postchill, 3% (5 carcasses), 7% (12 carcasses), and 10% (17 carcasses) of the 177 carcasses examined were positive for Salmonella by the WCR, NS, and combination of both procedures, respectively. Prechill, E. coli plus coliform counts were 3.0 and 2.6 log CFU/ml by the WCR and NS methods, respectively. Postchill. E. coli plus coliform counts were 1.7 and 1.4 log CFU/ml by the WCR and NS methods, respectively. C1 [Cox, N. A.; Richardson, L. J.; Cason, J. A.; Buhr, R. J.; Fedorka-Cray, P. J.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Vizzier-Thaxton, Y.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39759 USA. [Smith, D. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Romanenghi, C. P.; Pereira, L. V. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Food Engn, Pirassununga, Brazil. [Doyle, M. P.] Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. [Doyle, M. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM nelson.cox@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 5 BP 976 EP 980 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 595DR UT WOS:000277591400023 PM 20501052 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Sites, JE Musgrove, M AF Sommers, Christopher H. Sites, Joseph E. Musgrove, Michael TI ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT (254 NM) INACTIVATION OF PATHOGENS ON FOODS AND STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SHELL EGGS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; UV IRRADIATION; ENERGY; FRANKFURTERS; INHIBITION; RADIATION; STATES; SKIN AB Ultraviolet Light (254 nm) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved nonthermal intervention technology that can be used for decontamination of food surfaces. In this study, the use of ultraviolet light (UV-C) at doses of 0.5-4.0 J/cm2 to inactivate a cocktail of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus that were surface-inoculated on frankfurters, bratwurst, shell eggs, chicken drumsticks, boneless skinless chicken breasts, boneless pork chops, tomatoes and jalapeno peppers was investigated. The pathogens displayed similar sensitivities to UV-C on individual food products. Pathogen reductions ranged from approximately 0.5 log/g on raw meat and poultry to almost 4 log/g on tomatoes, while the pathogens were not recovered from stainless steel at a UV-C dose of 0.4 J/cm2. Use of UV-C light should be given serious consideration as a technology for routine surface decontamination of food contact surfaces and appropriate food products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Ultraviolet light (UV-C) is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved intervention technology that can be used to inactivate pathogenic bacteria in liquid foods and water, food contact surfaces, and food surfaces. This work indicates than UV-C would be an effective technology for inactivation of foodborne pathogens on the surfaces of frankfurters and sausages immediately prior to packaging, shell eggs immediately prior to cracking in the production of liquid egg products, and smooth skinned produce such as tomatoes and jalapeno peppers prior to further processing. This work provides pathogen inactivation kinetics for food processors and government regulatory agencies. C1 [Sommers, Christopher H.; Sites, Joseph E.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Musgrove, Michael] Richard B Russell Agr Res Serv, Egg Safety & Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM christopher.sommers@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 470 EP 479 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00220.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 584ZG UT WOS:000276792900018 ER PT J AU Bower, CK Avena-Bustillos, RJ Hietala, KA Bilbao-Sainz, C Olsen, CW McHugh, TH AF Bower, Cindy K. Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J. Hietala, Katie A. Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina Olsen, Carl W. McHugh, Tara H. TI Dehydration of Pollock Skin Prior to Gelatin Production SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dehydration; desiccants; fish-skin; gelatin; pollock ID FISH GELATIN; WATER-VAPOR; FILMS; STORAGE; MUSCLE AB Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is the U.S.A.'s largest commercial fishery, with an annual catch of over 1 million tons. During pollock processing, the skins are discarded or made into fish meal, despite their value for gelatin production. The absence of gelatin-processing facilities in Alaska necessitates drying of the skins before transport to decrease the moisture content, but conventional hot-air drying is expensive. This study evaluated a less energy-intensive technology, the use of desiccants for reducing water weight in pollock skins prior to shipment. To ensure that the functional properties of gelatin obtained from dried pollock skins were not affected during desiccation, gelatins were prepared from each skin-drying treatment and compared with gelatin extracted from air-dried pollock skins. None of the desiccation treatments decreased the gel strength of pollock skin gelatin, nor were there major differences in gelling temperature or viscosity among the gelatin solutions. This suggests that pollock skins can be economically stabilized for transport to a gelatin-processing facility through the use of regenerable desiccants that are already common in the food industry. Practical Application: Pollock skins destined for gelatin production can be stabilized using chemical desiccants prior to shipment. The dehydration process does not harm the functional properties of gelatin, such as gel strength, gelling temperature, and viscosity. This research suggests that fish skins can be economically stabilized for transport to a gelatin-processing facility through the use of regenerable desiccants that are already common in the food industry. C1 [Bower, Cindy K.; Hietala, Katie A.] ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Avena-Bustillos, Roberto J.; Bilbao-Sainz, Cristina; Olsen, Carl W.; McHugh, Tara H.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bower, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subarctic Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Cindy.Bower@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP C317 EP C321 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01596.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 591KX UT WOS:000277300600001 PM 20546388 ER PT J AU Stephens, AM Dean, LL Davis, JP Osborne, JA Sanders, TH AF Stephens, Amanda M. Dean, Lisa L. Davis, Jack P. Osborne, Jason A. Sanders, Timothy H. TI Peanuts, Peanut Oil, and Fat Free Peanut Flour Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and the Development of Atherosclerosis in Syrian Golden Hamsters SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atherosclerosis; cholesterol; hamsters; peanut flour; peanuts ID GEL-FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; NUT CONSUMPTION; PIGEON AORTA; ACID; METABOLISM; DIETS; ESTERIFICATION; RABBITS AB Human clinical trials have demonstrated the cardiovascular protective properties of peanuts and peanut oil in decreasing total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) without reducing high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The cardiovascular effects of the nonlipid portion of peanuts has not been evaluated even though that fraction contains arginine, flavonoids, folates, and other compounds that have been linked to cardiovascular health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fat free peanut flour (FFPF), peanuts, and peanut oil on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and the development of atherosclerosis in male Syrian golden hamsters. Each experimental diet group was fed a high fat, high cholesterol diet with various peanut components (FFPF, peanut oil, or peanuts) substituted for similar metabolic components in the control diet. Tissues were collected at week 0, 12, 18, and 24. Total plasma cholesterol (TPC), LDL-C, and HDL-C distributions were determined by high-performance gel filtration chromatography, while aortic total cholesterol (TC) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Peanuts, peanut oil, and FFPF diet groups had significantly (P < 0.05) lower TPC, non-HDL-C than the control group beginning at about 12 wk and continuing through the 24-wk study. HDL-C was not significantly different among the diet groups. Peanut and peanut component diets retarded an increase in TC and CE. Because CE is an indicator of the development of atherosclerosis this study demonstrated that peanuts, peanut oil, and FFPF retarded the development of atherosclerosis in animals consuming an atherosclerosis inducing diet. C1 [Dean, Lisa L.; Davis, Jack P.; Sanders, Timothy H.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Stephens, Amanda M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Osborne, Jason A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanders, TH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tim.sanders@ars.usda.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1147 EI 1750-3841 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP H116 EP H122 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01569.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 591KX UT WOS:000277300600039 PM 20546405 ER PT J AU Perez-Diaz, IM McFeeters, RF AF Perez-Diaz, I. M. McFeeters, R. F. TI Preservation of Acidified Cucumbers with a Natural Preservative Combination of Fumaric Acid and Allyl Isothiocyanate that Target Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allyl isothiocyanate; benzoic acid; Cucumis sativus; fumaric acid; Lactobacillus plantarum; sulfite; Zygosaccharomyces ID LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY; SOFT DRINKS; SALT-FREE; BENZENE; FERMENTATIONS; SPECTROMETRY; STRAINS; SULFITE; STORAGE AB Without the addition of preservative compounds cucumbers acidified with 150 mM acetic acid with pH adjusted to 3.5 typically undergo fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. Fumaric acid ( 20 mM) inhibited growth of Lactobacillus plantarum and the lactic acid bacteria present on fresh cucumbers, but spoilage then occurred due to growth of fermentative yeasts, which produced ethanol in the cucumbers. Allyl isothiocyanate (2 mM) prevented growth of Zygosaccharomyces globiformis, which has been responsible for commercial pickle spoilage, as well as the yeasts that were present on fresh cucumbers. However, allyl isothiocyanate did not prevent growth of Lactobacillus plantarum. When these compounds were added in combination to acidified cucumbers, the cucumbers were successfully preserved as indicated by the fact that neither yeasts or lactic acid bacteria increased in numbers nor were lactic acid or ethanol produced by microorganisms when cucumbers were stored at 30 degrees C for at least 2 mo. This combination of 2 naturally occurring preservative compounds may serve as an alternative approach to the use of sodium benzoate or sodium metabisulfite for preservation of acidified vegetables without a thermal process. C1 [Perez-Diaz, I. M.; McFeeters, R. F.] N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Perez-Diaz, IM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Ilenys.Perez-Diaz@ars.usda.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP M204 EP M208 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01587.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 591KX UT WOS:000277300600020 PM 20546411 ER PT J AU Bowker, B Liu, M Callahan, J Solomon, M AF Bowker, B. Liu, M. Callahan, J. Solomon, M. TI Effect of Hydrodynamic Pressure Processing on the Processing and Quality Characteristics of Moisture-Enhanced Pork Loins SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aging; hydrodynamic pressure processing; meat quality; moisture enhanced; pork loin ID WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; BEEF STRIP LOINS; BOVINE LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; MYOFIBRILLAR PROTEINS; SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; POSTMORTEM STORAGE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; POST-MORTEM; TENDERNESS AB The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) and aging on the processing characteristics and final meat quality of moisture-enhanced pork loins. Boneless pork loins (n = 24) were split into 3 portions and assigned treatments: control (non-HDP treated, brine-injected), HDP treated before brine-injection, or HDP treated after brine-injection. Pork loins were injected with a salt/phosphate/water solution to 110% of original weight on day 0, intermittently tumbled 3 h, and then held overnight. Meat quality and protein characteristics were measured on days 1 and 8. HDP-treated loins had greater (P < 0.05) brine retention after overnight equilibration and a higher (P < 0.05) processing yield than controls. Warner-Bratzler shear force and expressible moisture decreased (P < 0.0001) with aging from days 1 to 8, but were not significantly affected by either HDP treatment. When the drip loss data from HDP treatments were pooled, HDP samples had lower drip loss values than controls. L* and b* measurements exhibited significant HDP by aging interaction effects, but a* was not influenced by either HDP or aging. Myofibrillar protein solubility and gel electrophoresis measurements of protein degradation were influenced by aging treatments. Data from this study suggest that HDP may have beneficial effects on the processing and final product quality of moisture-enhanced pork loins. Practical Application: This study demonstrates that hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) is an effective postharvest technology for improving the processing and meat quality characteristics of moisture-enhanced pork loin products, benefiting both meat processors and consumers. C1 [Bowker, B.; Liu, M.; Callahan, J.; Solomon, M.] Agr Res Serv, Food Qual Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bowker, B (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Food Qual Lab, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM brian.bowker@ars.usda.gov NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP S237 EP S244 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01581.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 591KX UT WOS:000277300600036 PM 20546427 ER PT J AU Plotto, A Baldwin, E McCollum, G Manthey, J Narciso, J Irey, M AF Plotto, Anne Baldwin, Elizabeth McCollum, Greg Manthey, John Narciso, Jan Irey, Mike TI Effect of Liberibacter Infection (Huanglongbing or "Greening" Disease) of Citrus on Orange Juice Flavor Quality by Sensory Evaluation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bitterness; citrus; citrus greening disease; flavor; Huanglongbing ID TASTE; BITTERNESS; IDENTIFICATION; PERCEPTION; GENETICS; LIMONIN; PCR AB Some anecdotal reports suggest that infection of citrus trees with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), the suspected causal agent of huanglongbing (HLB) disease, imparts off flavor to orange juice. It is of interest to the industry to know how Las infection affects juice quality with respect to cultivar, maturity, or processing method. Hamlin, Midsweet, and Valencia oranges were harvested over 2 y from trees that tested negative (Las-) or positive (Las+) for Las from different groves and included normal looking (nonsymptomatic) and symptomatic fruit (small, green, and lopsided) from Las+ trees. In the 1st year, fruit were manually juiced, while in the 2nd year, a commercial process was used. Juice from Las+ trees was compared to juice from Las- trees in difference-from-control tests, and by descriptive analysis. Results showed large variability due to tree, harvest date, and cultivar. Juice from Hamlin Las+ trees tended to be more bitter and sour than its Las- counterpart. In contrast, hand processed Valencia juice from Las+ trees was perceived to have some off-flavor and bitterness compared to control, but the following year, commercially processed Valencia juice from Las+ trees was perceived to be only slightly more sour than juice from Las- trees for the April harvest, and to be sweeter for the June harvest. When juice from individual replicates was pooled to be more representative of a commercial situation, there was no difference between Las+ and Las- juice in Valencia. Trained panel differences were noted for juice from Hamlin Las+ fruit, especially for symptomatic fruit. Practical Application: Assumptions that juice made from oranges harvested from Huanglongbing (from infection with Liberibacter sp.) affected trees is off-flavored appeared to be generally more true for Hamlin juice than for Midsweet or Valencia, especially for Hamlin juice made from symptomatic fruit. For Midsweet and Valencia, flavor differences between juice made from fruit harvested from diseased or healthy trees varied greatly between trees, season, and even processing method. Under a commercial processing situation, where juice is blended from several varieties, seasons, and multiple locations, it is expected that off-flavor will not be a major problem. C1 [Plotto, Anne; Baldwin, Elizabeth; Manthey, John; Narciso, Jan] USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [McCollum, Greg] USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Irey, Mike] US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Plotto, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM anne.plotto@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 75 IS 4 BP S220 EP S230 DI 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01580.x PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 591KX UT WOS:000277300600034 PM 20546425 ER PT J AU Harrison, RL Sparks, WO Bonning, BC AF Harrison, Robert L. Sparks, Wendy O. Bonning, Bryony C. TI Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 envelope protein is required for oral infectivity and can be substituted functionally by Rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ODV-E56 SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; OCCLUSION-DERIVED VIRUS; ATTACHMENT G-GLYCOPROTEIN; PER-OS INFECTIVITY; CELL-LINES; ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA; INSECT CELLS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; EXPRESSION VECTORS AB The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) odv-e56 gene encodes an occlusion-derived virus (ODV)-specific envelope protein, ODV-E56. In a previous analysis, the odv-e56 gene was found to be under positive selection pressure, suggesting that it may be a determinant of virus host range. To assess the role of ODV-E56 in oral infectivity and host range, we constructed recombinant AcMNPV clones (Ac69GFP-e56lacZ and AcIEGFP-e56lacZ) in which ODV-E56 protein synthesis was eliminated by inserting a beta-galactosidase (lacZ) expression cassette into the odv-e56 open reading frame. We also constructed a recombinant virus, Ac69GFP-Roe56, in which the native AcMNPV odv-e56 coding sequence was replaced with that of Rachiplusia ou multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (RoMNPV), a closely related virus that is significantly more virulent towards some host species than AcMNPV. The odv-e56 recombinant viruses exhibited no alterations in polyhedron production and morphogenesis or in the production of infectious budded virus in cell culture. In bioassays using three lepidopteran host species, the oral infectivities of the odv-e56 mutant viruses Ac69GFP-e56lacZ and AcIEGFP-e56lacZ were profoundly impaired compared with those of wild-type and control recombinant viruses. Oral infectivity was restored fully by marker rescue of the odv-e56 mutant viruses with either the AcMNPV or the RoMNPV odv-e56 gene. In bioassays using two host species that are more susceptible to RoMNPV than to AcMNPV, Ac69GFP-Roe56 killed larvae with LC(50) values similar to those of recombinant viruses expressing AcMNPV ODV-E56. This result indicated that replacement of the AcMNPV odv-e56 gene with the RoMNPV orthologue did not increase virulence against these two species. C1 [Harrison, Robert L.] ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sparks, Wendy O.; Bonning, Bryony C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sparks, Wendy O.; Bonning, Bryony C.] Iowa State Univ, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Harrison, RL (reprint author), ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov RI Harrison, Robert/I-4707-2014 NR 63 TC 21 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 91 BP 1173 EP 1182 DI 10.1099/vir.0.017160-0 PN 5 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 597MH UT WOS:000277761100009 PM 20032203 ER PT J AU Shields, FD AF Shields, F. Douglas, Jr. TI Aquatic Habitat Bottom Classification Using ADCP SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SEABED CLASSIFICATION; OCEAN MEASUREMENTS; DISCRIMINATION; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS; ROXANN AB Description of physical aquatic habitat often includes data describing distributions of water depth, velocity, and bed material type. Water depth and velocity in streams deeper than about 1 m may be continuously mapped using an acoustic Doppler current profiler from a moving boat. Herein we examine the potential of using the echo signal strength from the bed as an indicator of bed material type. Mean signal strength from soft muddy beds was consistently 10-20 dB lower than mean signal strength from noncohesive (gravel or sand) beds. Sand beds tended to have larger site-to-site variation (means -30 to -19 dB) than for fines (-43 to -38 dB) or gravel (-23 to -20 dB). C1 ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM doug.shields@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2010 VL 136 IS 5 BP 336 EP 342 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000181 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 583QL UT WOS:000276693400008 ER PT J AU Al-Hamdan, OZ Cruise, JF AF Al-Hamdan, O. Z. Cruise, J. F. TI Soil Moisture Profile Development from Surface Observations by Principle of Maximum Entropy SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Entropy; Soil moisture; Infiltration modeling ID VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL MECHANICS; INFORMATION THEORY; MODEL; INFILTRATION; ASSIMILATION; UNCERTAINTY; COMPLEXITY; EQUATIONS; MOVEMENT AB In this study, the principle of maximum entropy concept is used to estimate the soil moisture profile to a depth of near 50 cm. The procedure involves the use of the surface observation as the principle constraint in physical space, and only requires that a water balance be kept at the surface so that the mean water content of the soil can be computed at each time step. Comparison to experimental data for the wet and dry phases of the infiltration cycle showed that the theoretical profile gave reasonable simulations as measured by the Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency Statistic. It was also demonstrated that the entropy principle, combined with the kinematic wave approximation, is capable of simulating the dynamic phase of the infiltration process if the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is treated as a calibration parameter of the model. C1 [Cruise, J. F.] Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Al-Hamdan, O. Z.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Cruise, JF (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM Osama.Al-Hamdan@ars.usda.gov; cruisej@uah.edu RI Al-Hamdan, Osama/C-6530-2012 NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 15 IS 5 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000196 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 583QN UT WOS:000276693600001 ER PT J AU Liu, Q Kreider, T Bowdridge, S Liu, ZG Song, YM Gaydo, AG Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, Qian Kreider, Timothy Bowdridge, Scott Liu, Zhugong Song, Youngmia Gaydo, Andrew G. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Gause, William C. TI B Cells Have Distinct Roles in Host Protection against Different Nematode Parasites SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; T-CELLS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS; HELMINTH INFECTION; TH2 CELLS; MICE; IL-4 AB B cells can mediate protective responses against nematode parasites by supporting Th2 cell development and/or by producing Abs. To examine this, B cell-deficient mice were inoculated with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Heligmosomoides polygyrus. B cell-deficient and wild type mice showed similar elevations in Th2 cytokines and worm expulsion after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Worm expulsion was inhibited in H. polygyrus-inoculated B cell-deficient mice, although Th2 cytokine elevations in mucosal tissues were unaffected. Impaired larval migration and development was compromised as early as day 4 after H. polygyrus challenge, and administration of immune serum restored protective immunity in B cell-deficient mice, indicating a primary role for Ab. Immune serum even mediated protective effects when administered to naive mice prior to inoculation. This study suggests variability in the importance of B cells in mediating protection against intestinal nematode parasites, and it indicates an important role for Ab in resistance to tissue-dwelling parasites. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 184: 5213-5223. C1 [Liu, Qian; Kreider, Timothy; Bowdridge, Scott; Liu, Zhugong; Song, Youngmia; Gaydo, Andrew G.; Gause, William C.] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gause, WC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07101 USA. EM gausewc@umdnj.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU National Institutes of Health [AI031678] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant AI031678. NR 40 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 184 IS 9 BP 5213 EP 5223 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0902879 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 588SD UT WOS:000277093000075 PM 20357259 ER PT J AU Miyoshi, H Souza, SC Endo, M Sawada, T Perfield, JW Shimizu, C Stancheva, Z Nagai, S Strissel, KJ Yoshioka, N Obin, MS Koike, T Greenberg, AS AF Miyoshi, Hideaki Souza, Sandra C. Endo, Mikiko Sawada, Takashi Perfield, James W., II Shimizu, Chikara Stancheva, Zlatina Nagai, So Strissel, Katherine J. Yoshioka, Narihito Obin, Martin S. Koike, Takao Greenberg, Andrew S. TI Perilipin overexpression in mice protects against diet-induced obesity SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adipocyte; lipolysis; transgenic mice; lipid oxidation; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE; DROPLET-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; A-STIMULATED LIPOLYSIS; LIPID STORAGE DROPLET; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ADIPOCYTE LIPOLYSIS; MEDIATED LIPOLYSIS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB Perilipin A is the most abundant phosphoprotein on adipocyte lipid droplets and is essential for lipid storage and lipolysis. Perilipin null mice exhibit diminished adipose tissue, elevated basal lipolysis, reduced catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis, and increased insulin resistance. To understand the physiological consequences of increased perilipin expression in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpressed either human or mouse perilipin using the adipocyte-specific aP2 promoter/enhancer. Phenotypes of female transgenic and wild-type mice were characterized on chow and high-fat diets (HFDs). When challenged with an HFD, transgenic mice exhibited lower body weight, fat mass, and adipocyte size than wild-type mice. Expression of oxidative genes was increased and lipogenic genes decreased in brown adipose tissue of transgenic mice. Basal and catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis was decreased and glucose tolerance significantly improved in transgenic mice fed a HFD. Perilipin overexpression in adipose tissue protects against HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy, obesity, and glucose intolerance. Alterations in brown adipose tissue metabolism may mediate the effects of perilipin overexpression on body fat, although the mechanisms by which perilipin overexpression alters brown adipose tissue metabolism remain to be determined. Our findings demonstrate a novel role for perilipin expression in adipose tissue metabolism and regulation of obesity and its metabolic complications.-Miyoshi, H., S. C. Souza, M. Endo, T. Sawada, J. W. Perfield II, C. Shimizu, Z. Stancheva, S. Nagai, K. J. Strissel, N. Yoshioka, M. S. Obin, T. Koike, and A. S. Greenberg. Perilipin overexpression in mice protects against diet-induced obesity. J. Lipid Res. 2010. 51: 975-982. C1 [Miyoshi, Hideaki; Souza, Sandra C.; Perfield, James W., II; Stancheva, Zlatina; Strissel, Katherine J.; Obin, Martin S.; Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Miyoshi, Hideaki; Endo, Mikiko; Sawada, Takashi; Shimizu, Chikara; Nagai, So; Yoshioka, Narihito; Koike, Takao] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Med 2, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Souza, Sandra C.] Novartis Inst Biomed Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Perfield, James W., II] Univ Missouri, Dept Nutr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Perfield, James W., II] Univ Missouri, Dept Exercise Physiol & Food Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Obin, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Obes & Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM martin.obin@tufts.edu; andrew.greenberg@tufts.edu RI MIYOSHI, HIDEAKI/G-3971-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [DK-50647]; USDA-Agricultural Research Service Cooperative [58 1950-4-401]; NIH [AG024635, P30 DK-34928]; American Diabetes Association (M.S.O.) [1-06-RA-96]; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology Foundation [19591029]; Takeda Science Foundation; Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science; Kissei Pharmaceutical Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant DK-50647 and USDA-Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement 58 1950-4-401 (A.S.G.), by NIH AG024635, NIH P30 DK-34928 Center for Digestive Disease Research, and 1-06-RA-96 from the American Diabetes Association (M.S.O.), and by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology Foundation #19591029, Takeda Science Foundation, Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science, and Kissei Pharmaceutical Foundation (H. M.). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or other granting agencies. NR 48 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 51 IS 5 BP 975 EP 982 DI 10.1194/jlr.M002352 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 582XG UT WOS:000276633100012 PM 19797618 ER PT J AU Polisecki, E Peter, I Simon, JS Hegele, RA Robertson, M Ford, I Shepherd, J Packard, C Jukema, JW de Craen, AJM Westendorp, RGJ Buckley, BM Schaefer, EJ AF Polisecki, Eliana Peter, Inga Simon, Jason S. Hegele, Robert A. Robertson, Michele Ford, Ian Shepherd, James Packard, Christopher Jukema, J. Wouter de Craen, Anton J. M. Westendorp, Rudi G. J. Buckley, Brendan M. Schaefer, Ernst J. CA Prospective Study Pravastatin Elde TI Genetic variation at the NPC1L1 gene locus, plasma lipoproteins, and heart disease risk in the elderly SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE statins; single nucleotide polymorphism; low density lipoprotein; coronary heart disease; cholesterol absorption ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION; SERUM CHOLESTANOL; EZETIMIBE; ATORVASTATIN; POLYMORPHISM; HOMEOSTASIS; PRAVASTATIN; PREDICTION; STEROLS AB Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1) plays a critical role in intestinal cholesterol absorption. Our objective was to examine whether five variants (-133A>G, -18A>C, L272L, V1296V, and U3_28650A> G) at the NPC1L1 gene have effects on lipid levels, prevalence, and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and lipid-lowering response to pravastatin. We studied 5,804 elderly participants from the PROSPER study, who were randomized to pravastatin 40 mg/day or placebo and were followed on average for 3.2 years. In the adjusted gender-pooled analyses, homozygous carriers of the minor alleles at four NPC1L1 sites (-18A>C, L272L, V1296V, and U3_28650A> G, minor allele frequencies 0.15-0.33) had 2-8% higher LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at baseline than homozygous carriers of the common alleles (P < 0.05). Homozygotes for the rare alleles also had a significant increase in the risk of CHD events on trial ( range of hazard ratios 1.50-1.67; P < 0.02), regardless of the treatment regimen. The -133 A>G polymorphism and not other variants was associated with 6 month LDL-C lowering (P = 0.02). Our data indicate that variation in the NPC1L1 gene is associated with plasma total and LDL-C levels and CHD risk.-Polisecki, E., I. Peter, J. S. Simon, R. A. Hegele, M. Robertson, I. Ford, J. Shepherd, C. Packard, J. W. Jukema, A. J. M. DeCraen, R. G. J. Westendorp, B. M. Buckley, and E. J. Schaefer. Genetic variation at the NPC1L1 gene locus, plasma lipoproteins, and heart disease risk in the elderly. J. Lipid Res. 2010. 51: 1201-1207. C1 [Polisecki, Eliana; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peter, Inga] NYU, Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Genet & Genom Sci, New York, NY USA. [Simon, Jason S.] Schering Plough Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ USA. [Hegele, Robert A.] Robarts Res Inst, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. [Robertson, Michele; Ford, Ian] Univ Glasgow, Robertson Ctr Biostat, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Packard, Christopher] Univ Glasgow, Dept Vasc Biochem, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Jukema, J. Wouter] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Cardiol, Leiden, Netherlands. [de Craen, Anton J. M.; Westendorp, Rudi G. J.] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Gerontol & Geriatr, Leiden, Netherlands. [Buckley, Brendan M.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Cork, Ireland. RP Polisecki, E (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM eliana.polisecki@tufts.edu RI Hegele, Robert/G-3301-2011 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HL-74753]; Agricultural Research Service of the USDA [53-1950-5-003] FX This work was supported by Grant R01 HL-74753 from the National Institutes of Health and contract 53-1950-5-003 from the Agricultural Research Service of the USDA. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or other granting agencies. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1207 DI 10.1194/jlr.P001172 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 582XG UT WOS:000276633100036 PM 19752398 ER PT J AU Pilla, S Kramschuster, A Lee, J Clemons, C Gong, SQ Turng, LS AF Pilla, Srikanth Kramschuster, Adam Lee, Jungjoo Clemons, Craig Gong, Shaoqin Turng, Lih-Sheng TI Microcellular processing of polylactide-hyperbranched polyester-nanoclay composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBE NANOCOMPOSITES; DYNAMIC-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION; POLY(LACTIC ACID); EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; POLY(L-LACTIC ACID); FIBER COMPOSITES; RENEWABLE RESOURCES; ENTHALPY RELAXATION AB The effects of addition of hyperbranched polyesters (HBPs) and nanoclay on the material properties of both solid and microcellular polylactide (PLA) produced via a conventional and microcellular injection-molding process, respectively, were investigated. The effects of two different types of HBPs (i.e., Boltorn H2004(A (R)) and Boltorn H20(A (R))) at the same loading level (i.e., 12%), and the same type of HBP at different loading levels (i.e., Boltorn H2004(A (R)) at 6 and 12%), as well as the simultaneous addition of 12% Boltorn H2004(A (R)) and 2% Cloisite(A (R))30B nanoclay (i.e., HBP-nanoclay) on the thermal and mechanical properties (both static and dynamic), and the cell morphology of the microcellular components were noted. The addition of HBPs and/or HBP with nanoclay decreased the average cell size, and increased the cell density. The stress-strain plots of all the solid and microcellular PLA-H2004 blends showed considerable strain softening and cold drawing, indicating a ductile fracture mode. Among the two HBPs, samples with Boltorn H2004(A (R)) showed higher strain-at-break and specific toughness compared to Boltorn H20(A (R)). Moreover, the sample with Boltorn H2004(A (R)) and nanoclay exhibited the highest strain-at-break (626% for solid and 406% for microcellular) and specific toughness (405% for solid and 334% for microcellular). Finally, the specific toughness, strain-at-break, and specific strength of microcellular samples were found to be lower than their solid counterparts. C1 [Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pilla, Srikanth; Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Gong, Shaoqin] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Kramschuster, Adam; Lee, Jungjoo; Turng, Lih-Sheng] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Polymer Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clemons, Craig] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Gong, SQ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shaoqingong@wisc.edu; turng@engr.wisc.edu RI Pilla, Srikanth/F-4622-2011 OI Pilla, Srikanth/0000-0003-3728-6578 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0544729]; USDA; Perstorp Polyols Inc., USA FX We would like to acknowledge the financial support from National Science Foundation (CMMI-0544729), the USDA Forest Products Laboratory for the use of its equipment to compound the materials and Perstorp Polyols Inc., USA for donating the Boltorn HBPs. NR 86 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 40 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 45 IS 10 BP 2732 EP 2746 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4261-6 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 567OS UT WOS:000275457100027 ER PT J AU Zhao, LM Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ AF Zhao, Liming Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. TI Expression of AeaHsp26 and AeaHsp83 in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae and Pupae in Response to Heat Shock Stress SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock; Aedes aegypti; gene expression; larvae; development ID GENE-EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; HSP70 GENE; PROTEIN 90; TROUT HEPATOCYTES; CULEX-PIPIENS; UP-REGULATION; LIFE-SPAN; HSP90 AB Immature mosquito development and survival of adults are highly sensitive to environmental temperature, which can alter gene expression during the mosquito life-cycle. To further understand how heat shock proteins are developmentally expressed in mosquitoes, we subjected first instar larvae, 16-h old pupae and female of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to heat shock treatment for 0, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min at 23 and 42 degrees C. The heat shock protein genes AeaHsp26, AeaHsp83, and AeaHsc70 were examined by comparing relative transcript expression levels at 42 degrees C compared with 23 degrees C. Upregulated transcripts from heat shock treatment at 42 degrees C and control were further confirmed and quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data revealed that first instar larvae were more sensitive to heat shock treatment than pupae and adults (i.e., relative AeaHsp26 expression levels in larvae were 10-fold greater than in the females. AeaHsp83 expression levels in larvae, pupae and adults were upregulated 2- to 50-fold greater by heat shock treatment at 42 degrees C compared with 23 degrees C. AeaHsc70 expression levels in larvae, pupae and adults, however, were upregulated less than AeaHsp26 and AeaHsp83 at the higher temperature. Statistical analysis indicated that AeaHsp26 and AeaHsp83 genes were significantly upregulated in Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae after 15, 30, 60, and 180 min exposure to high temperature (42 degrees C). The current study has shown that AeaHsp26 and AeaHsp83 are important markers of stress and may function as critical proteins to protect and enhance survival of Ac. aegypti larvae and pupae. C1 [Zhao, Liming; Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Zhao, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM liming.zhao@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) FX We thank S.M. Valles, Man-Yeon Choi (USDA-ARS), and Lei Zhou (University of Florida) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We also thank Neil Sanscrainte and Kelly Anderson (USDA-ARS) for helpful support. The current study was supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection (DWFP) Research Program funded by the United States Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB). NR 49 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1603/ME09232 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 595FV UT WOS:000277597000011 PM 20496584 ER PT J AU Lindsey, RL Frye, JG Fedorka-Cray, PJ Welch, TJ Meinersmann, RJ AF Lindsey, Rebecca L. Frye, Jonathan G. Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Welch, Timothy J. Meinersmann, Richard J. TI An oligonucleotide microarray to characterize multidrug resistant plasmids SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Plasmids; Multidrug resistance; Salmonella; Microarray ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENES; BACTERIA; POULTRY AB Many of the Enterobacteriaceae carry multiple drug resistance (MDR) genes on large plasmids of replicon type Inc A/C and Inc H1. It is important to understand the transmission of these MDR plasmids because the genes they carry can affect the outcome of antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to design a microarray with oligonucleotide probes for every gene in the six Inc A/C and one Inc H1 plasmids of interest while representing all redundant sequences only once. The microarray is printed in triplicate with 493 unique oligonucleotide probes 70 nucleotides in length. Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli control strains and test plasmids (in the parent strain and transformed into a known E. coli background strain) were hybridized to the plasmid microarray. This hybridization arrays presents a rapid and cost effective method for high-density screening of isolates to evaluate the gene content of Inc A/C and H1 plasmids and will show how plasmids can change content with transmission. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lindsey, Rebecca L.; Frye, Jonathan G.; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.; Meinersmann, Richard J.] ARS, USDA, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Welch, Timothy J.] USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BEAR, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM rmeiners@saa.ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAY PY 2010 VL 81 IS 2 BP 96 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.01.024 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 599YJ UT WOS:000277949900002 PM 20138094 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Harrison, DJ Pawlosky, R Flanagan, VP Harrison, EH Kurilich, AC AF Novotny, Janet A. Harrison, Dawn J. Pawlosky, Robert Flanagan, Vincent P. Harrison, Earl H. Kurilich, Anne C. TI beta-Carotene Conversion to Vitamin A Decreases As the Dietary Dose Increases in Humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADULT VOLUNTEER; DOUBLE-TRACER; IN-VIVO; MEN; METABOLISM; TRIGLYCERIDES; EQUIVALENCE; VARIABILITY AB It has been suggested that high doses of beta-carotene limit its conversion to vitamin A, yet this effect has not been well established in humans. A feeding study was conducted in a randomized crossover design in which volunteers consumed 2 doses of deuterium-labeled beta-carotene on 2 occasions, with beta-carotene and vitamin A response assessed by plasma area under the concentration time curve (AUC). Seven volunteers (4 men, 3 women) consumed each of 2 doses of beta-carotene-d8 and provided serial blood samples for 37 d after each dose. beta-Carotene doses were 20 and 40 mg. Plasma beta-carotene-d8 was assessed by HPLC-MS. Plasma retinol (ROH)-d4, which was derived from the beta-carotene-d8, was evaluated by GC-MS after saponification to convert retinyl esters to ROH prior to the formation of the trimethylsilylether. The plasma AUC for beta-carotene-d8 increased 2-fold from the 20-mg dose to the 40-mg dose. The plasma AUC for ROH-d4 increased 36% from the 20-mg dose to the 40-mg dose. These results establish that, in humans, beta-carotene conversion to vitamin A decreases as the dietary dose increases. J. Nutr. 140: 915-918, 2010. C1 [Novotny, Janet A.; Harrison, Dawn J.; Flanagan, Vincent P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Pawlosky, Robert] NIH, Lab Metab Control, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Harrison, Earl H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kurilich, Anne C.] PepsiCo, Barrington, IL 60010 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM janet.novotny@ars.usda.gov FU USDA; NIH [R01DK044498, R01HL049879] FX Supported by the USDA and NIH grants R01DK044498 and R01HL049879. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 915 EP 918 DI 10.3945/jn.109.116947 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 589CI UT WOS:000277121800006 PM 20237064 ER PT J AU Kadegowda, AKG Connor, EE Teter, BB Sampugna, J Delmonte, P Piperova, LS Erdman, RA AF Kadegowda, Anil K. G. Connor, Erin E. Teter, Beverly B. Sampugna, Joseph Delmonte, Pierluigi Piperova, Liliana S. Erdman, Richard A. TI Dietary trans Fatty Acid Isomers Differ in Their Effects on Mammary Lipid Metabolism As Well As Lipogenic Gene Expression in Lactating Mice SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID; MILK-FAT; DAIRY-COWS; CHREBP; LIVER; IDENTIFICATION; DEPRESSION; STEATOSIS; GLAND; OIL AB The biological activities and mechanisms of action of individual transoctadecenoic acids (trans-18:1 FA) have not been completely elucidated. We examined the effects of several individual trans-18:1 FA isomers and trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fat synthesis, and expression of lipogenic genes in mammary and liver tissue in lactating mice. From d 6 to 10 postpartum, 30 lactating C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to either a control (CTR) diet containing 20 g/kg oleic acid or diets in which the oleic acid was either completely replaced by partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO), trans-7 18:1 (T7), trans-9 18:1 (T9), or trans-11 18:1 (T11) or partially replaced with 6.66 g/kg trans-10, cis-12 CLA. Milk fat percentage was decreased by CLA (44%), T7 (27%), and PHVO (23%), compared with CTR. In the mammary gland, CLA decreased the expression of genes related to de novo FA synthesis, desaturation, triacylglycerol formation, and transcriptional regulation. PHVO and T7 diets decreased the expression of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase and thyroid hormone responsive SPOT14 homolog (THRSP) mRNA. In contrast, dietary trans FA (tFA) did not affect hepatic lipogenic gene expression. However, mice fed CLA, 17, and PHVO diets had increased liver weights due to hepatic steatosis. Trans-7 18:1 was extensively desaturated to trans-7, cis-9 CLA in mammary and liver tissues. Dietary trans-7 18:1 could lead to milk fat depression in lactating mice, possibly through its desaturation product trans-7, cis-9 CLA. Also, the differences between the effects of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and other tFA could be attributed to its effects on carbohydrate response element binding protein and PPAR gamma, in addition to sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c and THRSP. J. Nutr. 140: 919-924, 2010. C1 [Kadegowda, Anil K. G.; Piperova, Liliana S.; Erdman, Richard A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Teter, Beverly B.; Sampugna, Joseph] Univ Maryland, Dept Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Connor, Erin E.] ARS, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Delmonte, Pierluigi] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Erdman, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM erdman@umd.edu NR 29 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 919 EP 924 DI 10.3945/jn.109.110890 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 589CI UT WOS:000277121800007 PM 20220207 ER PT J AU Shea, MK Booth, SL Gundberg, CM Peterson, JW Waddell, C Dawson-Hughes, B Saltzman, E AF Shea, M. Kyla Booth, Sarah L. Gundberg, Caren M. Peterson, James W. Waddell, Catherine Dawson-Hughes, Bess Saltzman, Edward TI Adulthood Obesity Is Positively Associated with Adipose Tissue Concentrations of Vitamin K and Inversely Associated with Circulating Indicators of Vitamin K Status in Men and Women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID PHYLLOQUINONE VITAMIN-K-1; DIETARY-INTAKE; OLDER-ADULTS; PLASMA; MENAQUINONE-4; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; SUPPLEMENTATION; CAROTENOIDS; SERUM; FOOD AB Increased adiposity is associated with increased storage of several fat-soluble nutrients. However, the extent to which vitamin K is stored in fat and the association between vitamin K status and adiposity are unknown. Our objectives in this study were to determine whether vitamin K is stored in human adipose tissue and the association between vitamin K status and body fat in older men and women. In study A, the vitamin K concentration of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue was quantified in samples taken from 16 gastric bypass patients (13 women, 3 men, age 40 +/- 10 y (mean +/- SD)] using HPLC. In study B, cross-sectional associations between percent body fat (%BF) and circulating measures of vitamin K status were examined in 260 women and 183 men [age = 68 +/- 5 y]. The phylloquinone (K(1)) concentrations in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were 148.2 +/- 71.8 and 175 +/- 112 nmol/kg, respectively, which is higher than the reported concentrations of other organs known to store vitamin K. There was an inverse association between %BF and plasma K(1) in women (P-trend < 0.001). Higher %BF was associated with greater circulating concentrations of uncarboxylated prothrombin, indicative of lower hepatic utilization of vitamin K in both men (P-trend = 0.02) and women (P-trend = 0.002) but not with the percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Adipose tissue contained high concentrations of vitamin K, and increased adiposity was associated with poorer vitamin K status in older adults. Additional studies are needed to further explore the relationships among body fat, storage of vitamin K in adipose tissue, and implications for vitamin K status and function. J. Nutr. 140: 1029-1034, 2010. C1 [Shea, M. Kyla; Booth, Sarah L.; Peterson, James W.; Waddell, Catherine; Dawson-Hughes, Bess; Saltzman, Edward] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shea, M. Kyla] Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. [Gundberg, Caren M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sarah.booth@tufts.edu FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [AG14759, HL69272, AR47869, P30AG21332] FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and by the NIH (AG14759, HL69272, AR47869, P30AG21332). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.3945/jn.109.118380 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 589CI UT WOS:000277121800023 PM 20237066 ER PT J AU Mazariegos, M Hambidge, KM Westcott, JE Solomons, NW Raboy, V Das, A Goco, N Kindem, M Wright, LL Krebs, NF AF Mazariegos, Manolo Hambidge, K. Michael Westcott, Jamie E. Solomons, Noel W. Raboy, Victor Das, Abhik Goco, Norman Kindem, Mark Wright, Linda L. Krebs, Nancy F. TI Neither a Zinc Supplement nor Phytate-Reduced Maize nor Their Combination Enhance Growth of 6-to 12-Month-Old Guatemalan Infants SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIALS; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; MOTOR DEVELOPMENT; POOLED ANALYSIS; CHILDREN; DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; DIARRHEA; MORTALITY AB After age 6 mo, the combination of breast-feeding and unfortified plant-based complementary feeding provides inadequate zinc (Zn). Additionally, high phytate intakes compromise the bioavailability of zinc. Our principal objective in this randomized controlled, doubly masked trial was to determine the effect of substituting low-phytate maize, a daily 5-mg zinc supplement, or both, in infants between ages 6-12 moon impaired linear growth velocity, a common feature of zinc deficiency. In the Western Highlands of Guatemala, 412 infants were randomized to receive low-phytate or control maize. Within each maize group, infants were further randomized to receive a zinc supplement or placebo. Length, weight, and head circumference were measured at 6, 9, and 12 mo of age. There were no significant differences between the 2 maize groups or between the Zn supplement and placebo groups and no treatment interaction was observed for length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-length (WLZ) or head circumference Z-scores. Overall mean I SDI Z-scores at 6 mo for combined treatment groups were: LAZ, -2.1 +/- 1.1; WLZ, 0.7 +/- 1.0; and head circumference Z-score, -0.7.0 +/- 1.0. At 12 mo, these had declined further to: LAZ, -2.5 +/- 1.1; WLZ, -0.0 +/- 0.9; and head circumference Z-score, -0.9 +/- 1.1; 83.3% were stunted and 2% were wasted. Low linear growth in older Guatemalan infants was not improved with either low-phytate maize or a daily 5-mg zinc supplement. Low contribution of maize to the complementary food of the infants negated any potential advantage of feeding low-phytate maize. J. Nutr. 140: 1041-1048, 2010. C1 [Mazariegos, Manolo; Solomons, Noel W.] Ctr Studies Sensory Impairments Aging & Metab, Guatemala City 01011, Guatemala. [Hambidge, K. Michael; Westcott, Jamie E.; Krebs, Nancy F.] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Pediat, Sect Nutr, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Raboy, Victor] ARS, USDA, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Das, Abhik; Goco, Norman; Kindem, Mark] Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Wright, Linda L.] NICHHD, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Mazariegos, M (reprint author), Ctr Studies Sensory Impairments Aging & Metab, Guatemala City 01011, Guatemala. EM michael.hambidge@ucdenver.edu FU Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research [NICHD U01 HD040657]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Office of Dietary Supplements; NIH [K24 RR018357-01] FX Supported by the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research (NICHD U01 HD040657), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Office of Dietary Supplements, and NIH K24 RR018357-01. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1048 DI 10.3945/jn.109.115154 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 589CI UT WOS:000277121800025 PM 20335626 ER PT J AU Verbruggen, S Sy, J Arrivillaga, A Joosten, K van Goudoever, J Castillo, L AF Verbruggen, Sascha Sy, Jama Arrivillaga, Ana Joosten, Koen van Goudoever, Johaness Castillo, Leticia TI Parenteral Amino Acid Intakes in Critically Ill Children: A Matter of Convenience SO JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE amino acids; amino acids, essential; intensive care units, pediatric; parenteral nutrition ID BLOOD GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS; MUSCLE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHESIS; SPLANCHNIC BED; NEONATAL PIGLETS; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; HEALTHY-ADULTS; RENAL-FAILURE; WHOLE-BODY; HUMAN-MILK AB Background: Parenteral and enteral amino acid requirements for nutrition balance and function have not been defined in critically ill children or adults. In addition to playing a role in protein synthesis, amino acids trigger signaling cascades that regulate various aspects of fuel and energy metabolism and serve as precursors for important substrates. Amino acids can also be toxic. In this study, parenteral intakes of essential and nonessential amino acids (EAAs and NEAAs) supplied to critically ill children were assessed as an initial step for further studies aimed at establishing parenteral amino acid requirements. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted to assess intakes of parenteral amino acid for 116 critically ill children, and these intakes were compared with EAA intakes recommended by the Institute of Medicine. Because there are no recommended intakes for NEAA, NEAA intakes were compared with mixed muscle protein content in the older children and breast milk amino acid content in the infants. Results: Parenteral EAAs were provided in amounts that exceeded recommended intakes for healthy children, except for phenylalanine and methionine, which although excessive, were given in less generous amounts. NEAAs were supplied in lower or higher amounts than the content of mixed muscle proteins or breast milk. Parenteral amino acid formulas are limited in taurine, glutamine, and asparagine despite the fact that inflammatory/immune proteins are rich in these amino acids. Conclusions: Amino acid composition of parenteral formulas is variable and lacks scientific support. Parenteral amino acid intakes should be based on measured requirements to maintain nutrition and functional balance and on knowledge of toxicity. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2010; 34: 329-340) C1 [Castillo, Leticia] Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Crit Care Sect,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Verbruggen, Sascha; Sy, Jama; Castillo, Leticia] USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. [Verbruggen, Sascha; Joosten, Koen; van Goudoever, Johaness] Erasmus MC Sophia Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. RP Castillo, L (reprint author), Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Crit Care Sect,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Lcastill@BCM.edu FU 3ARP Amino acid Research Program, Ajinomoto; USDA/ARS [25337387]; Sophia Children's Hospital Research Foundation; [NIH DK-62363]; [T32 HD-007445]; [M01-RR00188] FX This research was partially funded by grants NIH DK-62363, T32 HD-007445, M01-RR00188, 3ARP Amino acid Research Program, Ajinomoto, USDA/ARS Cooperative agreement 25337387, and Sophia Children's Hospital Research Foundation. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0148-6071 J9 JPEN-PARENTER ENTER JI J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1177/0148607109347897 PG 12 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 601VR UT WOS:000278093900012 PM 20093426 ER PT J AU Balay, KS Hawthorne, KM Hicks, PD Griffin, IJ Chen, ZS Westerman, M Abrams, SA AF Balay, Kimberly S. Hawthorne, Keli M. Hicks, Penni D. Griffin, Ian J. Chen, Zhensheng Westerman, Mark Abrams, Steven A. TI Orange But Not Apple Juice Enhances Ferrous Fumarate Absorption in Small Children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE ferrous fumarate; hepcidin; iron absorption; iron fortification ID IRON-ABSORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ASCORBIC-ACID; BIOAVAILABILITY; INFANTS; FORTIFICATION AB Objective: Ferrous fumarate is a common, inexpensive iron form increasingly used instead of ferrous sulfate as a food iron supplement. However, few data exist as to whether juices enhance iron absorption from ferrous fumarate. Subjects and Methods: We studied 21 children, ages 4.0 to 7.9 years using a randomized crossover design. Subjects consumed a small meal including a muffin containing 4mg (57)Fe as ferrous fumarate and either apple (no ascorbic acid) or orange juice (25 mg ascorbic acid). They were separately given a reference dose of (58)Fe (ferrous sulfate) with ascorbic acid. Results: Iron absorption increased from 5.5% +/- 0.7% to 8.2% +/- 1.2%, P < 0.001 from the muffins given with orange juice compared with muffins given with apple juice. The absorption of ferrous fumarate given with orange juice and enhancement of absorption by the presence of juice were significantly positively related to height, weight, and age (P < 0.01 for each). Although iron absorption from ferrous fumarate given with apple juice was significantly inversely associated with the (log transformed) serum ferritin, the difference in absorption between juice types was not (P > 0.9). Conclusions: These data demonstrate an overall benefit to iron absorption from ferrous fumarate provided with orange juice. The effect was age related such that in children older than 6 years of age, there was a nearly 2-fold increase in iron absorption from ferrous fumarate given with orange juice. C1 [Hawthorne, Keli M.; Hicks, Penni D.; Chen, Zhensheng; Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Balay, Kimberly S.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Balay, Kimberly S.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Griffin, Ian J.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Neonatol, Davis Med Ctr, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Westerman, Mark] Intrins LifeSci LLC, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM sabrams@bcm.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center [58-6250-6-001]; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston FX This work is a publication of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from the USDA/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement number 58-6250-6-001. Contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does it mention trade names, commercial products, or organizations implying endorsement by the US government. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-2116 J9 J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR JI J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 50 IS 5 BP 545 EP 550 DI 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181b1848f PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Nutrition & Dietetics; Pediatrics GA 588AI UT WOS:000277037800014 PM 20639713 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Gorz, HJ Haskins, FA Newell, LC Klopfenstein, TJ Erickson, G Anderson, BE AF Vogel, K. P. Mitchell, R. B. Gorz, H. J. Haskins, F. A. Newell, L. C. Klopfenstein, T. J. Erickson, G. Anderson, B. E. TI Registration of 'Warrior', 'Scout', and 'Chief' Indiangrass SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID FORAGE YIELD; DIGESTIBILITY; ADAPTATION; SELECTION AB 'Warrior' (Reg No CV-252, PI 655523), 'Scout' (Reg No CV-253, PI 655524), and 'Chief' (Reg No CV-254, PI 655525) indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L)] Nash were developed for improved yield and forage digestibility by USDA-ARS and the University of Nebraska for use in the central Great Plains and the Midwest USA Warrior was tested as Oto C3 and was developed by means of both half-sib family selection and restricted, recurrent phenotypic selection (RRPS) Scout and Chief which were tested as NE54 C2 and Holt x Oto Early C2, respectively, were developed by RRPS Warrior is adapted to USDA Plant Hardiness Zone (HZ) 5 and the upper part of HZ 6 in the Great Plains and Midwest It produces forage with high in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) that results in improved animal gains when utilized by beef cattle in well managed grazing systems in regions where it is adapted Scout is adapted to HZ 5 in the Great Plains and Midwest, USA It produces significantly greater forage yields than other adapted indiangrass cultivars when grown for hay in the western part of its adaptation region Chief is adapted to HZ 4 and the upper half of HZ 5 It produces significantly greater forage yields than the other available HZ 4 cultivars Warrior, Scout, and Chief represent the second generation of indiangrass cultivars developed for use in production agriculture In the regions where they are adapted, these cultivars can be used in pure stands or in multispecies mixtures with other grasses C1 [Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.; Gorz, H. J.; Newell, L. C.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.; Gorz, H. J.; Haskins, F. A.; Newell, L. C.; Anderson, B. E.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Klopfenstein, T. J.; Erickson, G.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 EI 1940-3496 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.09.0554crc PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700004 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Mitchell, RB Baltensperger, DD Johnson, KD Carlson, IT AF Vogel, K. P. Mitchell, R. B. Baltensperger, D. D. Johnson, K. D. Carlson, I. T. TI Registration of 'Homestead' Canada Wildrye SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB 'Homestead' (Reg No CV-255, PI 655522) Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis L) was developed cooperatively by USDA-ARS and the University of Nebraska and was released in 2008 for use in the Great Plains and the Midwest USA, a region for which no adapted cultivars were previously available It was developed by means of the Ecotype Selection Breeding System from a collection made in a remnant prairie in Eastern Nebraska USA Homestead, which was tested as NE3, is adapted to Plant Adaptation Region (PAR) 251-5 (Temperate Prairie Parkland-Plant Hardiness Zone 5), which is its origin, and in which it has been evaluated in both space-transplanted and sward trials This region is equivalent to USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 5 of the tallgrass-prairie ecoregion of the Midwest, USA When grown in its area of adaptation, it produces more forage than the previously available, unadapted cultivar of the species and its forage has higher in vitro dry matter digestibility than another adapted experimental strain to which it was compared in sward forage yield trials Its primary use will be as a native cool-season grass component of conservation, roadside, and grassland seeding mixtures C1 [Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Vogel, K. P.; Mitchell, R. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Baltensperger, D. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Johnson, K. D.] Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Carlson, I. T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 123 EP 126 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.10.0588crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700005 ER PT J AU Yan, WG McClung, AM AF Yan, WenGui McClung, Anna M. TI 'Rondo', a Long-Grain Indica Rice with Resistances to Multiple Diseases SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA; GERMPLASM; CULTIVARS; MARKERS; GENES; BLAST; REGISTRATION; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; LINES AB Indica rice (Oryza sativa L) is needed to increase the genetic diversity in future U S cultivars Furthermore, resistant germplasm is needed to control newly occurring races of blast disease [Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr] 'Rondo' rice (Reg No CV-131, PI 657830) is a long-grain cultivar meeting these needs and was developed by the USDA-ARS through mutation breeding from a Chinese indica germplasm '4484' (PI 615022) Rondo's indica origin is genetically distant from U S cultivars Rondo is resistant to all major races of blast disease currently identified in the USA, including two newly reported races, TM2 and 1833, and five other rice diseases Among seven known resistance genes for blast, only Pr-b has been identified in Rondo, indicating that it may possess novel blast resistance genes The Uniform Regional Rice Nursery (URRN) conducted jointly in five southern rice-producing states demonstrated that Rondo yields similarly to 'Francis', 'Wells', and 'Cocodrie', high yielding cultivars in the mid-south USA Cereal quality analyses indicated that Rondo has the same parboiling, processing, and canning qualities as 'Dixiebelle' and 'Sabine', which have been accepted by the processing industry Additionally, it can be used as conventional long-grain rice Although the head rice yield appears at times to be lower than other long-grain cultivars, this should be less of a concern when it. is parboiled In conclusion, Rondo is a long-gain indica cultivar with high yield potential, an excellent disease resistance package, and premium processing quality Rondo has been entered in the U S germplasm collection and is available for commercial purposes through the Texas Research Improvement Association C1 [Yan, WenGui; McClung, Anna M.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Yan, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.07.0404crc PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700007 ER PT J AU Jones, SS Lyon, SR Balow, KA Gollnick, MA Murphy, KM Kuehner, JS Murray, TD Chen, XM Engle, DA Campbell, KG AF Jones, S. S. Lyon, S. R. Balow, K. A. Gollnick, M. A. Murphy, K. M. Kuehner, J. S. Murray, T. D. Chen, X. M. Engle, D. A. Campbell, K. G. TI Registration of 'Xerpha' Wheat SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; WINTER-WHEAT; RESISTANCE AB Many of the current soft white winter (SWW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars produced in Washington are adapted to specific environments The objective of this research was to develop a high yielding, disease resistant SWW cultivar with competitive yield potential for all Washington winter wheat production environments 'Xerpha' (Reg No CV-1045, PI 645605) SWW wheat was developed by the Agricultural Research Center of Washington State University (WSU) and released in 2008 It was selected from an 'Eltan'/'Estica' cross made in 1999 and advanced to the F(5) in the greenhouse by a modified single seed descent breeding strategy Successive progeny were advanced under field conditions by a modified pedigree-bulk breeding method under the experimental designations SSD01061 and eventually WA007973 Xerpha was the highest, or among the highest, yielding SWW cultivars in every precipitation zone in the WSU Extension Uniform Cereal Variety Testing Program (EUCVTP) trials in 2006, 2007, and 2008 It was released as a replacement for 'Madsen' and Eltan on the basis of its superior grain yield in Washington's low [<400 mm average annual precipitation (AAP)], intermediate (400-500 mm AAP), and high (> 500 mm AAP) precipitation zones, excellent grain volume weight, strong cold tolerance, and high-temperature, adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f sp tritici) C1 [Jones, S. S.; Lyon, S. R.; Balow, K. A.; Gollnick, M. A.; Murphy, K. M.; Kuehner, J. S.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Murray, T. D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Chen, X. M.; Engle, D. A.; Campbell, K. G.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jones, SS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Murphy, Kevin/E-8682-2010 OI Murphy, Kevin/0000-0001-8982-3641 FU Washington State Grain Alliance; Washington State Agricultural Research Center FX The authors greatly appreciate the following personnel who assisted with field testing, quality assessment, and disease screening during the development of this variety B Balk (WSU), T Harris, (WSU), I Burns (WSU), B Goates (USDA-ARS), and C Morris (USDA-ARS) Xerpha was developed with financial support from the Washington State Grain Alliance and the Washington State Agricultural Research Center NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 137 EP 140 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.06.0306crc PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700008 ER PT J AU Prine, GM French, EC Blount, AR Williams, MJ Quesenberry, KH AF Prine, Gordon M. French, Edwin C. Blount, Ann R. Williams, Mary J. Quesenberry, Kenneth H. TI Registration of Arblick and Ecoturf Rhizoma Peanut Germplasms for Ornamental or Forage Use SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Arblick (Reg No GP-128, PI 658528) and Ecoturf (Reg. No GP-129, PI 658529) are rhizoma peanut (RP) (Arachis glabrata Benth) germplasms released by the Univ of Florida in 2008 These plant introductions were identified as lower growing "ground cover" type plants These lines are being released as germplasm to document the dual purpose ornamental and forage characteristics of the lines Arblick was collected near the town of Bela Vista, Brazil, located on the border of Brazil and Paraguay It has green group leaves (RHS 137B), with an orange group standard petal (RHS 24A and a yellow orange group wing petal (RHS 14B) Arblick generally is somewhat slower to establish than other forage type cultivars, has limited forage potential, and has not been widely planted Ecoturf was collected along the Brazil Paraguay border on the same collection expedition as Arblick, not far from where Arblick was collected Flower color of Ecoturf is similar to Arblick, but it has yellow green group leaves (RHS 144A) Arblick and Ecoturf are lower growing types that flower profusely during the growing season Ecoturf has gained acceptance by the commercial landscape industry for use as an ornamental ground cover These germplasms will benefit specialty users of "ornamental" types of RP but also because of their dual-use potential will diversify the RP plantings to avoid the near monoculture of 'Florigraze' C1 [Prine, Gordon M.; French, Edwin C.; Quesenberry, Kenneth H.] Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Blount, Ann R.] Univ Florida, N Florida Res & Educ Cent, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. [Williams, Mary J.] USDA, NRCS, Gainesville, FL 32606 USA. RP Quesenberry, KH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, POB 110500, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 145 EP 148 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.07.0392crg PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700010 ER PT J AU Campbell, LG AF Campbell, L. G. TI Registration of Seven Sugarbeet Germplasms Selected from Crosses between Cultivated Sugarbeet and Wild Beta Species SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article AB Seven sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L) germplasm lines, F1017 (GP-265, PI 656591), F1018 (GP-266, PI 658401), F1019 (GP-267, PI 656592), F1020 (GP-268, PI 656593), F1021 (GP-269, PI 658402), F1022 (GP-270, PI 656594), and F1023 (GP-271, PI 656595), were released 23 Feb 2009 by the USDA-ARS and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station These lines were developed to introduce genetic diversity into the narrow base of sugarbeet The original populations were produced by crossing male-sterile plants of a cultivated line with wild relatives of sugarbeet The pollinators for F1017, F1018, F1019, and F1020 were B v subsp maritima accessions originally collected in Denmark, Belgium, Ireland, and the Middle East, respectively The pollinators for F1021, F1022, and F1023 were based on species (F1021, B atriplicifolia Rouy, F1022, B macrocarpa Guss, F1023, B patula Alton) Six-year mean root yield of the germplasm lines was 32 63 Mg ha(-1) or 63% of the yield of an adapted hybrid Average sucrose concentrations of the lines ranged from 114 to 122 g kg(-1), compared with 136 g kg(-1) for a commercial hybrid These lines will contribute to the broadening of the genetic diversity of the crop, and the infusion of genes from these and other exotic sources may result in unique gene combinations that expand the limits of improvement through selection and enhance combining ability C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Campbell, LG (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.11.0673crg PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700011 ER PT J AU Bechere, E Auld, DL Dotray, P Kebede, H AF Bechere, Efrem Auld, Dick L. Dotray, Peter Kebede, Hirut TI Registration of Four Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genetic Stock Mutants with Tolerance to Imazamox SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES; RESISTANCE; SELECTION; LINES; WHEAT AB Few mutants conferring herbicide tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) have been developed Imazamox (2-[(RS)-4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl]-5-methoxymethylnicotinic acid) is a broad spectrum imidazolinone herbicide that could give growers a new tool to control many troublesome annual broadleaf and grass weeds Our objective was to identify imazamox tolerance in chemical mutation derived cotton lines Four imazamox tolerant mutant cotton (G hirsutum) genetic stocks, SCM(3)-4-3 (Reg No GS-3, PI 657941), SCM(3)-7-3 (Reg No GS-4, PI 657942), RM(3)-8-1 (Reg No GS-5, PI 657943), and EM(4)-3-1 (Reg No GS-6, PI 657944) were developed and jointly released by Texas Tech University, Department of Plant and Soil Science, and USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, in July, 2009 These genetic stocks were obtained through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis of seeds of three High Plains cotton cultivars (SC 9023, Rocket, and Explorer) and selection with imazamox herbicide Application of five rates of imazamox (0, 88, 175, 350, and 700 g a (-1) ha(-1)) has shown that these mutants have elevated levels of tolerance to imazamox These genetic stocks are available for use by the cotton industry and public researchers to create hybrids, parental lines, or germplasm lines with resistance to the imazamox herbicide The identification of these mutants is expected to increase weed management options available to conventional growers who have become heavily dependent on glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] based crop production systems C1 [Bechere, Efrem; Kebede, Hirut] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Auld, Dick L.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Dotray, Peter] Texas AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Bechere, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. FU Cotton Incorporated FX We would like to thank Cotton Incorporated, Texas State Support Committee, and the International Cotton research Center at Texas Tech University for their financial support in carrying out this research. The input of Dr Linghe Zeng in molecular marker analysis is greatly appreciated NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.08.0446crgs PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700012 ER PT J AU Hall, MD Tucker, D Griffey, CA Liu, S Sneller, C Guttieri, M Van Sanford, D Costa, J Marshall, D Brown-Guedira, GL AF Hall, M. D. Tucker, D. Griffey, C. A. Liu, S. Sneller, C. Guttieri, M. Van Sanford, D. Costa, J. Marshall, D. Brown-Guedira, G. L. TI Registration of USG 3209/Jaypee Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Mapping Population SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; POWDERY MILDEW; MAP AB 'USG 3209'/'Jaypee' (Reg No MP-3, NSL 465777 MAP), is a soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and submitted to the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility in Aberdeen, ID, in 2008 This mapping population is composed of 130 F(11) (12) RILs and has been used to study the genetics of adult plant resistance to powdery mildew [Blumeria graminis (DC) E O Speer] and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks), and soft winter wheat milling and baking quality Genetic linkage maps of this population were created to identify quantitative trait loci governing these traits The genetic marker data collected on this population has been submitted to the GrainGenes database (http//wheat.pw.usda.gov) and includes data from both microsatellite and Diversity Array Technology markers C1 [Hall, M. D.; Tucker, D.; Griffey, C. A.; Liu, S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sneller, C.; Guttieri, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dep Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Van Sanford, D.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Costa, J.] Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Marshall, D.; Brown-Guedira, G. L.] USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hall, MD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. FU Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Virginia Small Grains Board; USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55606-16629] FX Financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Small Grains Board, and the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service is gratefully acknowledged The molecular component of this project was supported in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service CAP grant number 2006-55606-16629 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 159 EP 162 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.09.0490crmp PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700013 ER PT J AU Jia, YL Moldenhauer, K AF Jia, Yulin Moldenhauer, Karen TI Development of Monogenic and Digenic Rice Lines for Blast Resistance Genes Pi-ta, Pi-k(h)/Pi-k(s) SO JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; UNITED-STATES; MEDIATED RESISTANCE; PYRICULARIA-GRISEA; REPEAT PROTEIN; ORYZAE; PATHOTYPES; VIRULENCE; ENCODES AB The major blast resistance (R) genes Pi-ta, Pi-k(s), Pi-k(h) have been effectively deployed in rice (Oryza sativa L) in the southern USA for preventing disease caused by the predominant U S races of Magnaporthe oryzae Cav [Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr] In the present study, the codominant single nucleotide length polymorphism DNA marker for the Pi-ta gene, and the simple sequence repeat markers, RM144 and RM224, that cosegregate with two alleles of the Pi-k gene, Pi-k(s) and Pi-k(h), were used for R identification in a F-10 recombinant inbred line population This population (Reg no MP-3, NSL 452303) was derived from the cross RU9101001/'Katy' This population composed of 235 individual lines was jointly released on 24 Apr 2009 by the USDA-ARS and the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Arkansas Agriculture Experiment Station R gene containing RIL lines were verified with standard pathogenicity assays by means of a set of differential races of M oryzae in the USA One hundred eighty-two pure lines were identified from the population with the Pi-ta, Pi-k(s), and Pi-k(h) genes A total of 56 had Pi-ta and Pi-k(s), 51 lines had Pi-k(s), 27 had Pi-k(h), and 48 lines had Pi-k(h) and Pi-ta These monogenic and digenic rice lines with the major blast R genes are expected to be useful for studying effects of each R gene singly and in combination for their epistatic interaction with yield and for introducing blast resistance with marker assisted selection C1 [Jia, Yulin] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Moldenhauer, Karen] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. FU Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board FX The authors thank the Arkansas Rice Research and Promotion Board for their partial financial support, Michael Lin for population advancement and pathogenicity assays, Tony Beaty for population advancement in fields, Melissa H Jia for all DNA marker analysis along with Jessica Harris, Kristen Pratt, Eh Eggerman, and Lone Bernhardt for technical assistance NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1936-5209 J9 J PLANT REGIST JI J. Plant Regist. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 4 IS 2 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.3198/jpr2009.04.0223crmp PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 587BM UT WOS:000276961700014 ER PT J AU Xue, CH Wang, D Xiang, B Chiou, BS Sun, G AF Xue, Chao Hua Wang, Dong Xiang, Bei Chiou, Bor-Sen Sun, Gang TI Morphology Evolution of Polypropylene in Immiscible Polymer Blends for Fabrication of Nanofibers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE extrusion; fibers; immiscible polymer blends; polypropylene ID IN-SITU MICROFIBRILLAR; SLIT-DIE EXTRUSION; CELLULOSE-ACETATE BUTYRATE; NONISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; DISPERSED-PHASE; PET; EXTRUDER; RATIO AB Immiscible blends of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and isotactic polypropylenes (iPPs) with different melting index were extruded through a two-strand rod die. The extrudates were hot-drawn at the die exit at different draw ratios by controlling the drawing speed. The morphologies of iPP fibers extracted from the as-obtained extrudates after removal of CAB by acetone were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The influences of draw ratio, viscosity ratio, and composition ratio of CAB/iPP on the morphology evolution of iPP phase into nanofibers in the immiscible blends were studied. It was found that the thermoplastic iPP nanofibers were formed from the elongation of iPP ellipsoids, end-to-end merging of elongated iPP microfibers, and the size decrease of iPP microfibers in the processes of extrusion and drawing. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 921-931, 2010 C1 [Xue, Chao Hua; Wang, Dong; Xiang, Bei; Sun, Gang] Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chiou, Bor-Sen] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the Defense Department [HDTRA1-08-1-0005] FX This work was supported by a contract (HDTRA1-08-1-0005) from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the Defense Department. Authors appreciated the help from J. Zhu in preparing samples. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 48 IS 9 BP 921 EP 931 DI 10.1002/polb.21978 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 587RY UT WOS:000277011400002 ER PT J AU Settimi, JR Sullivan, DG Strickland, TC AF Settimi, J. R. Sullivan, D. G. Strickland, T. C. TI The evaluation of conservation practice placement in the Little River Experimental Watershed using geographic information systems SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP); conservation program; Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW); Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) ID COASTAL-PLAIN AB The Conservation Effects Assessment Program Watershed Assessment Study is a joint effort between the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and the USDA Agricultural Research Service to evaluate the effectiveness of federally funded conservation programs. In response to this initiative, a 26-year history of NRCS conservation practice placement (1980 to 2006) was evaluated for the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) in the southeastern coastal plain of Georgia. To accomplish this task, currently available geographic databases were integrated and queried to assess levels of commonly adopted practices and to evaluate factors affecting practice placement. Databases included(l) USDA NRCS Conservation Practice Database for the LREW, (2) USDA NRCS Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO), and (3) 30 m (98 ft) digital elevation maps. Nearly 50% of all cropland fields in the LREW were delineated as having participated in conservation programs. Practices were predominantly used for water quality and erosion control. Sixty to 65% of the fields (77% of land area) implemented soil erosion and/or water quality control practices in high resource concern areas. Results showed that hydrologic group and proximity to a water body, rather than slope class, were the predominant factors in conservation practice placement. Using a subwatershed database having complete field coverage of four LREW subwatersheds (with and without USDA NRCS assistance), geographic information system databases were queried to evaluate the adoption and placement of erosion control practices that were visible in a 2005 digital orthoquad. Forty-seven percent of all fields in the subwatershed database had implemented visible erosion control specific conservation practices. and implementation was linearly related to slope class (r(2) = 0.64, p < 0.10). Fields identified as having participated in federally funded conservation programs coincided with high resource concern areas 35% of the time. C1 [Settimi, J. R.] Abraham Baldwin Agr Coll, Sch Agr & Nat Resources, Tifton, GA USA. [Sullivan, D. G.] TurfScout LLC, Tifton, GA USA. [Strickland, T. C.] ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. RP Settimi, JR (reprint author), Abraham Baldwin Agr Coll, Sch Agr & Nat Resources, Tifton, GA USA. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 3 BP 160 EP 167 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.3.160 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 596PQ UT WOS:000277697700006 ER PT J AU Ghidey, F Baffaut, C Lerch, RN Kitchen, NR Sadler, EJ Sudduth, KA AF Ghidey, F. Baffaut, C. Lerch, R. N. Kitchen, N. R. Sadler, E. J. Sudduth, K. A. TI Herbicide transport to surface runoff from a claypan soil: Scaling from plots to fields SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE atrazine; metolachlor; mulch tillage; no-tillage; scaling ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; WATERSHED VULNERABILITY; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; NO-TILL; LOSSES; CORN; ATRAZINE; EROSION; METOLACHLOR; PESTICIDES AB Streams and drinking water reservoirs throughout the claypan soil region of Missouri and Illinois are particularly vulnerable to herbicide contamination from surface runoff during spring. This study follows a plot-scale study conducted on claypan soils to quantify and compare edge-of-field herbicide losses from a corn soybean rotation under mulch tillage and no-tillage systems. The objectives of the present study were to confirm at field scale (34.4 ha [85 ac] and 7.8 ha [19.3 ac]) the plot-scale findings (0.37 ha [0.92 ac]) on the effects of tillage and herbicide incorporation on herbicide transport and to evaluate the applicability of plot-scale exponential models in calculating atrazine and metolachlor concentrations as a function of application rate, runoff volume, and days after application at the field scale:Herbicide transport to surface runoff was studied (1997 to 2001) from two fields with cropping systems similar to those on the plots. Field 1 (F1) was a mulch tillage corn soybean rotation system with surface-applied herbicides, which are then incorporated. Field 2 (F2) was a no-tillage corn soybean rotation system with surface-applied herbicides that were not incorporated. During each event, runoff volumes were measured, and water samples were collected and analyzed for atrazine and metolachlor concentrations. The percentages of applied atrazine and metolachlor transported to surface runoff from no-tillage (F2) were 3.2 and 2.0 times those from mulch tillage (F1), respectively. Throughout the study period, 1.0% and 3.2% of total atrazine and 1.0% and 2.0% of total metolachlor applied to F1 and F2 were lost to surface runoff, respectively. Similar to the results from the plot study, the model performed well in calculating field atrazine concentrations from both mulch and no-tillage systems with coefficient of determination >= 0.70 and Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency >= 0.64. However, model performance in calculating metolachlor concentrations was poor for both tillage systems (Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency < 0.35). When the model was modified to include cumulative temperature instead of days after application, performance in calculating atrazine and metolachlor concentrations was improved, particularly metolachlor concentrations at the field scale. The coefficient of determination and Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency values for metolachlor relative to cumulative temperature and days after application were 0.62 and 0.61 versus 0.41 and -0.13 for F1, and 0.73 and 0.55 versus 0.53 and 0.34 for F2, respectively Overall, the study confirmed plot-scale results that atrazine concentrations and losses were greater for a no-tillage system than for a mulch-tillage system, in which the herbicide was incorporated. The study also showed that the model developed using plot-scale data was applicable in calculating concentrations at the field scale, particularly for atrazine. C1 [Ghidey, F.; Baffaut, C.; Lerch, R. N.; Kitchen, N. R.; Sadler, E. J.; Sudduth, K. A.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Ghidey, F (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 3 BP 168 EP 179 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.3.168 PG 12 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 596PQ UT WOS:000277697700007 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Feldmann, C Schmidt, J Herrmann, A Taube, F AF Sanderson, M. A. Feldmann, C. Schmidt, J. Herrmann, A. Taube, F. TI Spatial distribution of livestock concentration areas and soil nutrients in pastures SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE grazing management; nutrient management; rotational stocking ID TALL FESCUE; POTASSIUM DISTRIBUTION; PHOSPHORUS RUNOFF; GRAZED PASTURES; CATTLE; GRASSLANDS; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZATION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS AB Livestock concentration areas can be significant point sources of nutrient pollution. Our objective was to determine the spatial distribution of livestock concentration areas in pastures at the farm scale, along with the distribution of soil nutrients at the individual livestock concentration area scale. We georeferenced and measured the size of all livestock concentration areas in cool-season grass-legume pastures on five farms (four grazing dairies and a beef cattle farm) in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York during two years. Soil of selected concentration areas on each of the farms was sampled to 0 to 5 and 0 to 15 cm (0 to 2 and 0 to 6 in) depths to compare nutrient levels with paired unaffected areas of the pasture. On one farm, we sampled two concentration areas more densely (20 to 25 samples, 0 to 5 cm depth along each of five 100 m [328 ft] transects) to measure spatial distribution of soil nutrients. The transects were arranged radially to encompass variation both up and downslope. We installed runoff plots at three locations on and near the two concentration areas to measure nutrients in surface water runoff from simulated rainfall. On the five farms, concentration areas occurred most frequently at paddock gates (38% of sites). Although fewer in number, concentration areas at feeding sites were often larger than those at gates or other locations and accounted for most (48%) of the area affected by livestock congregation. Most concentration areas were small (median area 100 m(2) [1,076 ft(2)]), isolated (median distance, 61 in [200 ft] from a water body), and surrounded by vegetation. Intensive sampling on one farm showed that soil within 20 to 40 m (66 to 132 ft) of concentration areas was enriched in phosphorus, which contributed to higher phosphorus concentration in the runoff from Simulated rainfall compared with the rest of the pasture. Pastures used as holding and feeding areas with highly elevated soil nutrients and no surrounding vegetation to filter runoff represented a direct threat to surface water quality. Many concentration areas, however, were surrounded by vegetation, which would mitigate this risk. C1 [Sanderson, M. A.; Schmidt, J.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Feldmann, C.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Taube, F.] Univ Kiel, Grass & Forage Sci Organ Agr Div, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. FU USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX We thank the farmers who allowed us to come on their farm to conduct this research. Their hospitality and interest is much appreciated. Alan Franzluebbers, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Watkinsville, Georgia; Lloyd Owens, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Coshocton, Ohio; and Gilbert Sigua, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Brooksville, Florida, provided constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by funds from a Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) jointly funded by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 3 BP 180 EP 189 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.3.180 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 596PQ UT WOS:000277697700008 ER PT J AU Butler, DM Franklin, DH Cabrera, ML Risse, LM Radcliffe, DE West, LT Gaskin, JW AF Butler, D. M. Franklin, D. H. Cabrera, M. L. Risse, L. M. Radcliffe, D. E. West, L. T. Gaskin, J. W. TI Assessment of the Georgia Phosphorus Index on farm at the field scale for grassland management SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE forages; phosphorus; phosphorus index; runoff; water quality ID UNITED-STATES; BROILER LITTER; WATER-QUALITY; BUFFER STRIPS; RUNOFF; PASTURES; NITROGEN; STREAM; EXPORT AB In order to better manage agricultural phosphorus (P), most states in the United States have adopted a "P indexing" approach that ranks fields according to potential P losses. In Georgia, the Georgia P Index was developed to estimate the risk of bioavailable P loss from agricultural land to surface waters, considering sources of P, transport mechanisms, and management practices. Nine farm fields, managed as pasture or hay systems, were outfitted with 28 small in-field runoff collectors. Runoff P, soil P, and field management practices. were monitored from 2004 to 2007. Fields varied from those rich in P (broiler litter or dairy slurry) to those without P amendments (inorganic nitrogen [N] or no amendments). Data relating to nutrient applications, soil properties, soil P, and management were used as input values to determine a Georgia P Index value estimating the risk of P export from each field. Results indicated that the Georgia P Index underrated the risk in only 2% of the cases when considering loads or mass losses of P, partly due to the influence of small annual runoff volumes and thus greater flow-weighted concentrations from some fields. While measured P export was generally low to moderate (<7.5 kg P ha(-1) y(-1) [<6.7 lb ac(-1) yr(-1)]) from fields rated as a low or medium risk of P export, findings from this study indicated that the Georgia P Index, at times, overestimated the risk of P losses for hay systems and underestimated the risk of P losses for pastures when no amendments were applied. C1 [Butler, D. M.] ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Franklin, D. H.] ARS, J Phil Campbell Jr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, USDA, Watkinsville, GA USA. [Cabrera, M. L.; Radcliffe, D. E.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Risse, L. M.; Gaskin, J. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [West, L. T.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Survey Res & Lab, USDA, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Butler, DM (reprint author), ARS, US Hort Res Lab, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL USA. FU USDA [LS04-159] FX This research was funded by USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education grant LS04-159. The authors gratefully acknowledge the farmers participating in this study: Henry Hibbs of University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, and Jose Pagan of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Appreciation is also extended to Beth Barton, a biological technician, T.J. Holliday, a biological technician, and Dr. Debbie Beese, a support scientist at the J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, and John Rema, a Research Technician in the Department of Crop & Soil Science, University of Georgia,Athens, Georgia for their outstanding technical support. We would also like to thank Kai Coleman, a graduate student, in the Department of Crop & Soil Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia for her assistance with soil sampling and global positioning system/geographic information system work. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 3 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.3.200 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 596PQ UT WOS:000277697700010 ER PT J AU Neary, DG Smethurst, PJ Baillie, BR Petrone, KC Cotching, WE Baillie, CC AF Neary, Daniel G. Smethurst, Philip J. Baillie, Brenda R. Petrone, Kevin C. Cotching, William E. Baillie, Craig C. TI Does tree harvesting in streamside management zones adversely affect stream turbidity?-preliminary observations from an Australian case study SO JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Buffer; Forest; Riparian; Sediment; Streamside management zones; Tree harvesting; Turbidity; Water quality ID RIPARIAN FOREST BUFFERS; COASTAL-PLAIN; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; NONPOINT POLLUTION; VEGETATIVE FILTER; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; QUALITY; CATCHMENT; EROSION AB In Australia, farmers and natural resource managers are striving to enhance environmental outcomes at farm and catchment scales by planting streamside management zones (SMZs) on farms with trees and other perennial vegetation. Lack of sound information on and funding for establishing and managing trees in SMZs is hindering wide-scale adoption of this practice. Australian Codes of Forest Practice discourage or prevent harvesting of trees in SMZs of perennial streams. One concern is the potential effect of tree harvesting in SMZs on delivery of sediment to adjacent streams. The aims of this paper were to summarize the literature relevant to this concern and, in one case study in an agricultural context, to determine the effects on turbidity of harvesting a SMZ plantation. Information was sourced from published studies that reported on impacts of tree harvesting inside SMZs. In addition, a study was conducted in Tasmania, Australia, to evaluate the water quality benefits of a SMZ and the effects of tree harvesting in this zone. This case study consisted of a 20-year-old Eucalyptus nitens pulpwood plantation in a SMZ of an intermittent stream that was harvested according to the state Code of Forest Practice. A machinery exclusion zone immediately adjacent to the stream limited machinery traffic. Ground cover and water quality pre- and postharvesting were measured to identify the major sources of sediment in this headwater catchment, and to determine the effect of tree harvesting. Literature indicates that tree harvesting in SMZs is an accepted practice in the USA, New Zealand, and Germany, if conducted carefully, i.e., using best management practices (BMPs). Negative effects of this practice on water quality, in- and near-stream habitat, and biodiversity have been recorded, but these effects were generally minor or transitory. Tree harvesting in the Tasmanian study resulted in minimal mineral soil exposure and increased surface roughness. Postharvesting turbidity levels in streamflow were similar to preharvest levels (< 2.5 nephelometric turbidity units exiting the catchment). Much more significant sources of sediment were a road, a dam that was accessible to cattle, and a cultivated paddock. These sources led to turbidities of c. 300 NTUs in a dam immediately below these points and above the harvested stream reach during a storm in late June 2009. In-stream dams, installed many years earlier to store water for stock and irrigation, acted as very effective sediment traps. The SMZs and other BMPs used in agroforestry landscapes are effective at protecting water quality. Forest harvesting operations can be conducted in SMZs without increasing stream turbidity, if existing BMPs are followed. C1 [Neary, Daniel G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Smethurst, Philip J.; Baillie, Craig C.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, CRC Forestry & Landscape Log CERF Hub, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Baillie, Brenda R.] SCION, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand. [Petrone, Kevin C.] CSIRO Land & Water & Landscape Log CERF Hub, Wembley, WA 6009, Australia. [Cotching, William E.] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst & Landscape Log CERF Hu, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. EM dneary@fs.fed.us RI Petrone, Kevin/B-1345-2011; CSIRO, SAF/H-3134-2013; Smethurst, Philip/C-1357-2009; OI Smethurst, Philip/0000-0001-6650-9908; cotching, william/0000-0003-1383-4277 FU CSIRO Australia; Cooperative Research Center for Forestry; Landscape Logic Commonwealth Environmental Research FX This research was conducted while the senior author was a visitor to CSIRO Australia and supported by a Sir Frederick McMaster research fellowship. We also thank the Cooperative Research Center for Forestry and the Landscape Logic Commonwealth Environmental Research Facility Hub for support in developing this paper, and Richard Boland for access to his property to conduct the field study. Nico Marcar, Gary Sheridan, and Sadanandan Nambiar provided valuable comments on an earlier draft. NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1439-0108 EI 1614-7480 J9 J SOIL SEDIMENT JI J. Soils Sediments PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 652 EP 670 DI 10.1007/s11368-010-0234-2 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 594RT UT WOS:000277555800006 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Garcia, MR Miller, LA Ramirez, MA Long, DB Marchand, JB Hill, F AF Campbell, Tyler A. Garcia, Michelle R. Miller, Lowell A. Ramirez, Martha A. Long, David B. Marchand, Jean-Baptiste Hill, Fergal TI Immunocontraception in male feral swine treated with a recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE swine; feral; fertility control; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; immunocontraception ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; GNRH VACCINE; CONTRACEPTION; GONACON(TM); BOAR AB Objective: To determine if a recombinant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine is a potential immunocontraceptive agent for juvenile male feral swine. Materials and methods: At the beginning of the trial (Day 0) we treated animals in Treatment One with a single injection of a sham vaccine containing 1 mL of a buffer-adjuvant emulsion (adjuvant: AdjuVac; National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado). Treatment Two received 1000 mu g of a recombinant GnRH (rGnRH) vaccine (IMX294; Imaxio, Lyon, France). Treatment Three received 500 jig of a rGnRH vaccine. Treatment Four received 1000 mu g of a GnRH vaccine (GonaCon; National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado). On Day 90, Treatment Three received an additional 500-mu g boost treatment. All vaccines were emulsified with AdjuVac and injected intramuscularly into the rump. On Day 180, we performed necropsies on swine and compared mass of testes, percent normal seminiferous tubules, numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids, serum testosterone levels, and anti-GnRH antibody titers among treatments. Results: As expected, a single dose of GonaCon vaccine reduced testes mass, serum testosterone, and percent normal tubules, and restricted sperm development at each stage. These reductions in reproductive development were associated with elevated GnRH antibodies. The single injection of rGnRH was not as effective in reducing these reproductive parameters; however, the two-dose injection of rGnRH was as effective as the single injection of GonaCon. Implication: Further research and development is needed into oral immunocontraceptive vaccines and oral delivery systems. C1 [Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.] Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Wildlife Serv, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Garcia, Michelle R.; Ramirez, Martha A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim & Wildlife Sci, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Miller, Lowell A.] Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Marchand, Jean-Baptiste; Hill, Fergal] Imaxio SA, Lyon, France. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Wildlife Serv, 700 Univ Blvd,MSC 218, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. EM tyler.a.campbell@aphis.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center FX We are grateful to E. Aguirre, C. Coots, O. Fitzsimmons, R. Kaiser, D. Krueger, K. Kubala, V. Myers, N. Perry, S. Rabe, and D. Sanders for field assistance. Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center. We thank the Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute at Texas A&M University-Kingsville for providing logistical support. Our mention of commercial products herein is for identification purposes and does not constitute endorsement or censure by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1537-209X J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 118 EP 124 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 590FM UT WOS:000277210100004 ER PT J AU Haynes, KG Clevidence, BA Rao, D Vinyard, BT White, JM AF Haynes, Kathleen G. Clevidence, Beverly A. Rao, David Vinyard, Bryan T. White, J. Marion TI Genotype x Environment Interactions for Potato Tuber Carotenoid Content SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Solarium tuberosum; yellow-flesh; zeaxanthin; antheraxanthin; violaxanthin; neoxanthin; lutein; stability ID YELLOW-FLESH INTENSITY; BETA-CAROTENE; MACULAR DEGENERATION; DIPLOID POTATOES; BIOSYNTHESIS; ANTHOCYANINS; HERITABILITY; ANTIOXIDANTS; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION AB Consumption of carotenoid-containing foods can promote human health. Although yellow-fleshed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) have a higher carotenoid content than white-fleshed potatoes, little is known about how growing environments may affect individual and total carotenoid content in different potato clones. The purposes of this study were to estimate the amount of genetic variability in potato for five xanthophyll carotenoids, their concentration, and to determine the stability of these carotenoids across environments. Nine white- or yellow-fleshed tetraploid clones were grown in Maine and Florida for 2 years. Carotenoids were extracted in acetone and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. There were significant differences among clones for zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, and total carotenoid content. There were significant clone x environment interactions for zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, and total carotenoid. Broad-sense heritabilities (and their 95% confidence intervals) were 0.89 (0.79-0.98) for zeaxanthin, 0.93 (0.87-0.99) for antheraxanthin, 0.68 (0.14-0.92) for violaxanthin, 0.51 (0.00-0.88) for neoxanth in, 0.85 (0.70-0.97) for lutein, and 0.96 (0.89-0.99) for total carotenoid. Clonal mean total carotenoid content ranged from 101 to 511 mu g/100 g fresh weight. A higher proportion of carotenoids were produced by the lycopene epsilon cyclase branch of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in white-fleshed than yellow-fleshed clones. Total carotenoid content in B2333-5 was significantly greater than in 'Yukon Gold'. With genetic variation for individual and total carotenoid content in potatoes, improving the levels of carotenoids has been and should continue to be feasible; however, concentrations are likely to vary in different environments. C1 [Haynes, Kathleen G.] ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Clevidence, Beverly A.; Rao, David] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Components & Hlth Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, Bryan T.] ARS, USDA, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [White, J. Marion] Univ Florida, MidFlorida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kathleen.haynes@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 135 IS 3 BP 250 EP 258 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 632VJ UT WOS:000280456800007 ER PT J AU Bell, DJ Rowland, LJ Stommel, J Drummond, FA AF Bell, Daniel J. Rowland, Lisa J. Stommel, John Drummond, Frank A. TI Yield Variation among Clones of Lowbush Blueberry as a Function of Genetic Similarity and Self-compatibility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE combining ability; diallel; EST-PCR; genetic load; heritability; Vaccinium angustifolium ID ACTING INBREEDING DEPRESSION; VACCINIUM-CORYMBOSUM L; EST-PCR MARKERS; HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FRUIT-SET; SEED; ANGUSTIFOLIUM; ERICACEAE AB Two types of field hand crosses (pairwise touching-neighbor and a full 5 x 5 diallel, Griffing's Model 2, Method 3) were performed in combination with genetic similarity estimations of mating partners using expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction molecular markers to elucidate genetic factors underlying yield variations among clones (genotypes) of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) in two managed fields in Maine. Genetic similarity values for touching pairs ranged from 0.308 to 0.765. Based on pairwise touching-neighbor crosses, no evidence was found for yield being affected by genetic similarity. However, self-fertility of clones was a significant positive predictor of outcross yields. The calculation of lethal equivalents, derived from selfing to outcross ratios, showed a large range in genetic load among clones and a higher average load than that previously reported in the related highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum. The diallel experiment revealed significant general and specific combining ability for all three post-pollination yield traits measured (proportion fruit set, mean mature seed per pollination, and mean berry weight per pollination). Narrow-sense heritability estimates for all three yield traits were moderately high (h(2) = 0.58, 0.46, and 0.56, respectively). It is concluded that phenotypically screening for self-compatible clone yield attributes could be useful in identifying germplasm candidates for breeding and propagation. C1 [Bell, Daniel J.; Rowland, Lisa J.; Stommel, John] ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Drummond, Frank A.] Univ Maine, Sch Biol & Ecol, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Rowland, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Jeannine.Rowland@ars.usda.gov NR 68 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 135 IS 3 BP 259 EP 270 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 632VJ UT WOS:000280456800008 ER PT J AU Castillo, NRF Reed, BM Graham, J Fernandez-Fernandez, F Bassil, NV AF Castillo, Nina R. F. Reed, Barbara M. Graham, Julie Fernandez-Fernandez, Felicidad Bassil, Nahla Victor TI Microsatellite Markers for Raspberry and Blackberry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubus idaeus; hybrids; simple sequence repeats ID REPEAT SSR MARKERS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; SEQUENCE; DIVERSITY; ROSACEAE; MALUS; LOCI; CONSTRUCTION; RELATEDNESS; L. AB Twelve microsatellites were isolated from simple sequence repeat (SSR)-enriched genomic libraries of 'Meeker' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and 'Marion' blackberry (Rubus hybrid). These primer pairs plus one developed from a GenBank red raspberry sequence were evaluated in 48 raspberry and 48 blackberry genotypes. Only RhM031 did not generate a product in raspberry, whereas RiG001 failed to amplify in blackberry and hybrid accessions. The number of polymerase chain reaction products per primer pair in the 12 SSRs that successfully amplified was higher in blackberry genotypes and their hybrids than in raspberry, ranging from three to 29 in blackberry (average, 14.4) and from one to 15 in red raspberry (average, 7.5). Diversity estimates were determined for 10 of 12 SSRs that amplified up to two products in 44 red raspberry genotypes. The best SSR loci based on high observed and expected heterozygosities, high polymorphism information content, and low inbreeding coefficient were RiM019, RhM003, and RhM011. They mapped to three different linkage groups (5, 2, and 7, respectively) in red raspberry and differentiated the unique genotypes identified with the 12 SSRs in each crop type. C1 [Castillo, Nina R. F.; Reed, Barbara M.; Bassil, Nahla Victor] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Fernandez-Fernandez, Felicidad] E Malling Res, E Malling ME19 6BJ, Kent, England. [Graham, Julie] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Bassil, NV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM nahla.bassil@ars.usda.gov OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 FU USDA-ARS [5358-12000-038-00D]; Fulbright fellowship; Worshipful Company of Fruiterers (London, U.K.) FX This work was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-12000-038-00D. Nina Castillo was supported by a Fulbright fellowship. Mapping in the AB x MJ raspberry progeny was funded by the Worshipful Company of Fruiterers (London, U.K.). NR 32 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 135 IS 3 BP 271 EP 278 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 632VJ UT WOS:000280456800009 ER PT J AU Wadl, PA Wang, XW Moulton, JK Hokanson, SC Skinner, JA Rinehart, TA Reed, SM Pantalone, VR Trigiano, RN AF Wadl, Phillip A. Wang, Xinwang Moulton, John K. Hokanson, Stan C. Skinner, John A. Rinehart, Timothy A. Reed, Sandra M. Pantalone, Vincent R. Trigiano, Robert N. TI Transfer of Cornus florida and C. kousa Simple Sequence Repeats to Selected Cornus (Cornaceae) Species SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cross-species transferability; dogwood; microsatellites; polymorphic information content; SSR ID FLOWERING DOGWOOD; SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; DNA; L.; MICROSATELLITES; POLYMORPHISMS; AMPLIFICATION; ABUNDANCE; GENOMES; REGIONS AB Cross-species transferability of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is common and allows SSRs isolated from one species to be applied to closely related species, increasing the use of previously isolated SSRs. The genus Comas consists of 58 species that are ecologically and economically important. SSRs have previously been isolated from C. florida and C. kousa. In this study, 36 SSRs were tested on taxa from 18 Comas species and hybrids for cross-species transferability and genetic diversity was calculated for each locus using polymorphism information content: (PIC). Cross-species transferability of SSR loci was higher in more closely related species and PIC values were high. Evidence was found for conserved primer sites as determined by the amplification of SSR loci in the taxa examined. Polymerase chain reaction products were cloned and sequenced for three SSR loci (CF48, CF59, and CF124) and all individuals sequenced contained the appropriate repeat. Phylogenetic relationships of 14 Comas species were inferred using nucleotide sequences of SSR locus CF48. The most parsimonious tree resulting from this analysis was in concordance with phylogenies based on matK and internal transcribed spacer sequences. The SSR loci tested in this study will be useful in future breeding, population, and genetic studies within Comas. C1 [Wadl, Phillip A.; Moulton, John K.; Skinner, John A.; Trigiano, Robert N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xinwang] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. [Hokanson, Stan C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rinehart, Timothy A.] ARS, USDA, Thad Cochran So Hort Lab, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. [Reed, Sandra M.] Tennessee State Univ, Nursery Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. [Pantalone, Vincent R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wadl, PA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, 2431 Joe Johnson Dr,205 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM pwadl@utk.edu FU USDA [58-6404-7-213]; J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Foundation FX This work was supported by USDA Grant no. 58-6404-7-213 and the J. Frank Schmidt Family Charitable Foundation. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 135 IS 3 BP 279 EP 288 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 632VJ UT WOS:000280456800010 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Garbus, BR Williams, KE Bates, AH Harden, LA AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. Garbus, Brandon R. Williams, Katherine E. Bates, Anna H. Harden, Leslie A. TI Covalent Attachment and Dissociative Loss of Sinapinic Acid to/from Cysteine-Containing Proteins from Bacterial Cell Lysates Analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Asilomar Conference on Ion Spectroscopy CY OCT 16-20, 2009 CL Pacific Grove, CA ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; PHOTOACTIVE YELLOW PROTEIN; DESORPTION IONIZATION-TIME; P-COUMARIC ACID; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTACT MICROORGANISMS; WHOLE CELLS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; ECTOTHIORHODOSPIRA-HALOPHILA AB We report covalent attachment via a thiol ester linkage of 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (sinapinic acid or SA) to cysteine-containing protein biomarkers from bacterial cell lysates of E. coli analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry when using SA as the matrix. Evidence to support this conclusion is the appearance of additional peaks in the MS spectra when using SA, which are absent when using alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA). The additional peaks appear at a mass-to-charge (m/z) similar to 208 greater to the m/z of a more abundant protein ion peak. Protein biomarkers were identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using a MALDI time-of-flight/time-of-flight (TOF-TOF) mass spectrometer and top-down proteomics. Three protein biomarkers, HdeA, HdeB, and homeobox or YbgS (each containing two cysteine residues) were identified as having reactivity to SA. Non-cysteine-containing protein biomarkers showed no evidence of reactivity to SA. MS ions and MS/MS fragment ions were consistent with covalent attachment of SA via a thiol ester linkage to the side-chain of cysteine residues. MS/MS of a protein biomarker ion with a covalently attached SA revealed fragment ion peaks suggesting dissociative loss SA. We propose dissociative loss of SA is facilitated by a pentacyclic transition-state followed by proton abstraction of the beta-hydrogen of the bound SA by a sulfur lone pair followed by dissociative loss of 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-ynal. The apparent reactivity of SA to cysteine/disulfide-containing proteins may complicate identification of such proteins, however the apparent differential reactivity of SA and HCCA toward cysteine/disulfide-containing proteins may be exploited for identification of unknown cysteine-containing proteins. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 819-832) (C) 2010 American Society for Mass Spectrometry C1 [Fagerquist, Clifton K.; Garbus, Brandon R.; Bates, Anna H.; Harden, Leslie A.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Williams, Katherine E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clifton.fagerquist@ars.usda.gov NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 21 IS 5 BP 819 EP 832 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.01.013 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 587BX UT WOS:000276963000015 PM 20188588 ER PT J AU Rawles, SD Gaylord, TG Snyder, GS Freeman, DW AF Rawles, Steven D. Gaylord, T. Gibson Snyder, G. Scott Freeman, Donald W. TI The Influence of Protein and Energy Density in Commercial Diets on Growth, Body Composition, and Nutrient Retention of Sunshine Bass, Morone chrysops female x Morone saxatilis male, Reared at Extreme Temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYBRID STRIPED BASS; EUROPEAN SEA-BASS; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; WATER TEMPERATURE; WHITE BASS; RED DRUM; METABOLISM; REQUIREMENT; PERFORMANCE; FISHES AB Three growth trials were conducted with juvenile sunshine bass reared at temperatures typical of winter or summer pond culture in the Southeastern USA. The trials were designed to determine if there was an advantage to feeding a commercial high-protein/high-fat diet during winter and a low-protein/high-fat diet during summer. In the first trial, two commercially extruded, practical diets (40% protein/10% lipid vs. 48/18) were fed to apparent satiation to fish held in variable cool water (8-20 C) or constant 26 C water for 14 wk. Temperatures in the cool water (8-20 C) tanks were chosen to simulate winter-spring conditions. In the second and third trials, factorial experiments were conducted in which four commercial diets (35/10, 35/15, 40/10, and 40/15) were fed to apparent satiation to fish held at 29 or 32 C for 4 wk to simulate near optimal versus extreme summer water temperatures. Survival was 100% in the first trial, 99% or more in second trial, and 90% or more in third trial. At 8 C, minimal feeding (0.3% of body weight/day) was observed and fish lost weight. Fish consumed feed daily and gained weight at 10 C or above. At 8-20 C, intake of the 48/18 diet was less than that of the 40/10 diet only when water temperature was above 15 C; however, gain was not different. At 26 C, fish consumed less of the 48/18 diet for greater gain than fish consuming the 40/10 diet. At 8-20 C, feed efficiencies increased with temperature and diet protein/lipid level. Visceral and whole-body fat tended to be diet-dependent but not temperature-dependent and averaged 4% higher in fish fed the 48/18 diet. Muscle ratio and whole-body protein retention were temperature-dependent but not diet-dependent. Energy retention was positively related to both temperature and diet nutrient density. At 29 and 32 C (summer culture trials), daily gain and final fish weight were positively related to protein but not lipid level in the diet. At 29 C, fish consumed less 35% protein diet than 40% protein diet regardless of dietary fat level, whereas consumption did not differ among diets at 32 C. Feed efficiencies were positively related to both dietary protein and lipid level at 29 and 32 C. The effects of diet nutrient density on fat versus muscle content and energy and protein retention differed at 29 and 32 C. Intraperitoneal fat (IPF) appeared unaffected by diet at 29 C, where muscle ratio was higher at the higher protein level (40%). At 32 C, IPF was positively related to dietary protein and fat, where muscle ratio was unaffected by diet. At 29 C, both energy and protein retention appeared unrelated to diet, whereas at 32 C energy retention was positively related to dietary fat level and protein retention was positively related to both protein and fat levels in the diet. In all trials, liver size (hepatosomatic index) was a sensitive indicator of culture temperature and dietary protein and fat levels. Livers from fish held in cool water were larger than those from fish held at 26 C, and fish fed diets of lower nutrient density had larger livers than fish fed diets of higher nutrient density, regardless of culture temperature. Hybrid striped bass showed remarkable adaptation to extremely high culture temperature and results suggest that judicious feeding of nutrient-dense diets when temperatures are above 15 C will improve production efficiency. C1 [Rawles, Steven D.; Gaylord, T. Gibson; Snyder, G. Scott; Freeman, Donald W.] ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Rawles, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, POB 1050,2955 Highway 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. FU USDA/Agricultural Research Service [6225-31630-004-00D] FX We appreciate the kind contributions of commercial test diets provided by Cargill(TM) Animal Nutrition/Burris Mill & Feeds, Inc. and hybrid striped bass fingerlings provided by Keo Fish Farms, Inc. We also thank ARS Research Associate Matthew McEntire and Biological Science Technician Rebecca Jacobs for their help in the care and maintenance of the feeding trials and the laboratory analyses described in this manuscript. This study was funded by the USDA/Agricultural Research Service under Project No. 6225-31630-004-00D. All programs and services of the US Department of Agriculture are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status, or handicap. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 41 SU 2 BP 165 EP 178 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 595QF UT WOS:000277626600002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, GB O'Rourke, KI Harrington, NP Soutyrine, A Simmons, MM Dudas, S Zhuang, DY Laude, H Balachandran, A AF Mitchell, Gordon B. O'Rourke, Katherine I. Harrington, Noel P. Soutyrine, Andrei Simmons, Marion M. Dudas, Sandor Zhuang, Dongyue Laude, Hubert Balachandran, Aru TI Identification of atypical scrapie in Canadian sheep SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Atypical; Nor98; prion; scrapie; sheep; transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ID PRION PROTEIN; GREAT-BRITAIN; BRITISH SHEEP; PRP GENOTYPES; NOR98; AGENT AB Scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of sheep and goats, exists in most small ruminant-producing countries of the world. A novel form of this disease was recently recognized and is known by various names, including Nor98, Nor98-like, and atypical scrapie. Differing from classic scrapie in epidemiology, histopathology, and biochemical characteristics, atypical scrapie cases have been identified throughout Europe and in the United States. Enhanced scrapie surveillance efforts recently identified 3 cases of atypical scrapie in Canada. C1 [Mitchell, Gordon B.; Harrington, Noel P.; Soutyrine, Andrei; Balachandran, Aru] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Natl & OIE Reference Lab Scrapie & CWD, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. [O'Rourke, Katherine I.; Zhuang, Dongyue] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA USA. [Simmons, Marion M.] Vet Lab Agcy, Dept Pathol, Weybridge, Surrey, England. [Laude, Hubert] INRA, UR892, Jouy En Josas, France. RP Balachandran, A (reprint author), Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa Lab Fallowfield, Natl & OIE Reference Lab Scrapie & CWD, 3851 Fallowfield Rd, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. EM Aru.Balachandran@inspection.gc.ca RI Simmons, Marion/C-2586-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 FU Canadian Food Inspection Agency FX The authors thank the support staff in the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Unit and the Animal Care Facility at the Ottawa Laboratory Fallowfield for their outstanding technical assistance. This work was supported by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Disclaimer: Mention of trade names and commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing information and does not necessarily imply endorsement of their use by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 22 IS 3 BP 408 EP 411 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 601AK UT WOS:000278030100010 PM 20453215 ER PT J AU Walz, PH Grooms, DL Passler, T Ridpath, JF Tremblay, R Step, DL Callan, RJ Givens, MD AF Walz, P. H. Grooms, D. L. Passler, T. Ridpath, J. F. Tremblay, R. Step, D. L. Callan, R. J. Givens, M. D. TI Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Ruminants SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Bovine viral diarrhea virus; BVDV; Pestivirus; Persistent infection; Biosecurity; Epizootic; Immune System; Ruminant ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS; MOUSEDEER TRAGULUS-JAVANICUS; PERSISTENTLY INFECTED CATTLE; ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ELISA; ALPACAS LAMA-PACOS; BULK MILK SAMPLES; NON-VIREMIC BULL; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; MUCOSAL DISEASE AB Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ACVIM membership, which may be incorporated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited prior to publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements. C1 [Walz, P. H.; Passler, T.; Givens, M. D.] Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Grooms, D. L.] Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Ridpath, J. F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. [Tremblay, R.] Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd, Burlington, ON, Canada. [Step, D. L.] Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Callan, R. J.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biol Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Walz, PH (reprint author), 2050 JT Vaughan Large Anim Teaching Hosp, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 1500 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM walzpau@vetmed.auburn.edu NR 117 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 476 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0502.x PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 592XZ UT WOS:000277416600007 PM 20384958 ER PT J AU Steneroden, KK Van Metre, DC Jackson, C Morley, PS AF Steneroden, K. K. Van Metre, D. C. Jackson, C. Morley, P. S. TI Detection and Control of a Nosocomial Outbreak Caused by Salmonella Newport at a Large Animal Hospital SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Bacterial; Bacterial species; Epidemiology; Hospital surveillance; Infection control; Infectious diseases; Microbiology ID RISK-FACTORS; VETERINARY; HORSES; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERICA; DISINFECTANT; SURVEILLANCE; BIOSECURITY; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB Background Nosocomial salmonellosis is often assumed to occur because infection control and surveillance practices are inadequate, but published evidence is lacking to support the related contention that rigorous application of these practices can impact the severity of outbreaks. Objective Describe active surveillance, early recognition, and intensive mitigation efforts used in an effort to control an outbreak of nosocomial Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections without hospital closure. Animals Large animals hospitalized at a referral hospital. Methods This prospective outbreak investigation was initiated when Salmonella Newport infections were detected among hospitalized animals by active surveillance. Data were analyzed to identify temporal and spatial patterns for epidemic spread of Salmonella in the hospital. Mitigation efforts were aggressively adjusted in response to surveillance data. Genetic relatedness of isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results Of 145 large animals sampled, 8 (5.6%) were infected with the Salmonella strain associated with this outbreak, and all but 1 shed Salmonella in the absence of or before the onset of disease. This strain was recovered from 14.2% (42/295) of environmental samples (ENV samples), indicating that widespread environmental contamination had occurred. Isolates of Salmonella Newport obtained from infected animals and the environment were genetically indistinguishable, confirming clonal dissemination. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Active surveillance allowed early detection of nosocomial Salmonella transmission and hospital contamination. Use of aggressive interventions was followed by cessation of transmission. Active surveillance can allow earlier recognition and mitigation compared with programs by only sampling of clinically affected animals. C1 [Steneroden, K. K.; Van Metre, D. C.; Morley, P. S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jackson, C.] USDA ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Morley, PS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM paul.morley@colostate.edu RI Morley, Paul/C-9960-2009 OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3 BP 606 EP 616 DI 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0484.x PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 592XZ UT WOS:000277416600024 PM 20337913 ER PT J AU Price, JA Smith, J Simmons, A Fellers, J Rush, CM AF Price, J. A. Smith, J. Simmons, A. Fellers, J. Rush, C. M. TI Multiplex real-time RT-PCR for detection of Wheat streak mosaic virus and Tritcum mosaic virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; TaqMan; Wheat virus diseases; Potyviruses; Plant disease diagnostics; Mite vectored viruses ID FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are widespread throughout the southwestern Great Plains states. When using conventional diagnostics such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), these two viruses are commonly found together in infected wheat samples. Methods for molecular detection have been developed for wheat viral pathogens, but until recently no multiplex method for detection of both WSMV and TriMV within a single sample was available. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a multiplex real-time PCR technique for detection of both pathogens within a single plant sample. Specific primers and probe combinations were developed for detection of WSMV and TriMV, single and multiple reactions were run simultaneously to detect any loss in sensitivity during the multiplex reaction, as well as any cross-reaction with other common wheat viruses. The multiplex reaction was successful in detection of both pathogens, with little difference between single and multiplex reactions, and no cross-reaction was found with other common wheat viruses. This multiplex technique not only will be useful for diagnostic evaluations, but also as a valuable tool for ecological and epidemiology studies, and investigations of host/pathogen interactions, especially when the host is infected with both pathogens. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Price, J. A.; Smith, J.; Simmons, A.; Rush, C. M.] Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. [Fellers, J.] ARS, USDA, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Price, JA (reprint author), Texas AgriLife Res & Extens Ctr, 6500 Amarillo Blvd W, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. EM japrice@ag.tamu.edu; crush@ag.tamu.edu FU Texas Wheat Producers Board; Texas Cropping Systems Initiative FX This research was partially funded by grants from the Texas Wheat Producers Board and the Texas Cropping Systems Initiative. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAY PY 2010 VL 165 IS 2 BP 198 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.01.019 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 597NC UT WOS:000277763700010 PM 20138086 ER PT J AU Belser, JA Wadford, DA Pappas, C Gustin, KM Maines, TR Pearce, MB Zeng, H Swayne, DE Pantin-Jackwood, M Katz, JM Tumpey, TM AF Belser, Jessica A. Wadford, Debra A. Pappas, Claudia Gustin, Kortney M. Maines, Taronna R. Pearce, Melissa B. Zeng, Hui Swayne, David E. Pantin-Jackwood, Mary Katz, Jacqueline M. Tumpey, Terrence M. TI Pathogenesis of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) and Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A (H1) Viruses in Mice SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BIRD FLU INFECTION; H5N1 VIRUSES; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; ENHANCED VIRULENCE; HONG-KONG; FORT-DIX; HUMANS; FERRETS; TRANSMISSION AB The pandemic H1N1 virus of 2009 (2009 H1N1) continues to cause illness worldwide, primarily in younger age groups. To better understand the pathogenesis of these viruses in mammals, we used a mouse model to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2009 H1N1 viruses and compared them to a representative human triple-reassortant swine influenza virus that has circulated in pigs in the United States for over a decade preceding the current pandemic. Additional comparisons were made with the reconstructed 1918 virus, a 1976 H1N1 swine influenza virus, and a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus. Mice were inoculated intranasally with each virus and monitored for morbidity, mortality, viral replication, hemostatic parameters, cytokine production, and lung histology. All 2009 H1N1 viruses replicated efficiently in the lungs of mice and possessed a high degree of infectivity but did not cause lethal disease or exhibit extrapulmonary virus spread. Transient weight loss, lymphopenia, and proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production were present following 2009 H1N1 virus infection, but these levels were generally muted compared with a triple-reassortant swine virus and the 1918 virus. 2009 H1N1 viruses isolated from fatal cases did not demonstrate enhanced virulence in this model compared with isolates from mild human cases. Histologically, infection with the 2009 viruses resulted in lesions in the lung varying from mild to moderate bronchiolitis with occasional necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium and mild to moderate peribronchiolar alveolitis. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the 2009 H1N1 viruses exhibited mild to moderate virulence in mice compared with highly pathogenic viruses. C1 [Belser, Jessica A.; Wadford, Debra A.; Pappas, Claudia; Gustin, Kortney M.; Maines, Taronna R.; Pearce, Melissa B.; Zeng, Hui; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Swayne, David E.; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary] ARS, Exot & Emerging Avian Viral Dis Res Unit, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, MS G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tft9@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 84 IS 9 BP 4194 EP 4203 DI 10.1128/JVI.02742-09 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 579GW UT WOS:000276358000008 PM 20181710 ER PT J AU Chin, DA Sakura-Lemessy, D Bosch, DD Gay, PA AF Chin, David A. Sakura-Lemessy, Donna Bosch, David D. Gay, Paige A. TI Enhanced Estimation of Terrestrial Loadings for TMDLs: Normalization Approach SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Pathogens; Risk; Stream; Simulation models; TMDLs; Water quality; Watersheds ID UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT; ERROR ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE; WATERSHEDS; TRANSPORT; NORMALITY; SAFETY; MARGIN; MODELS; RIVER AB The effective implementation of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) usually requires that relationships between terrestrial contaminant loadings and instream concentrations be estimated using deterministic fate and transport (DFT) models. The limitations of using conventional DFT models are that model predictions do not converge to observations as source loadings approach their calibrated values, and model-prediction errors are not explicitly included in the model output. A normalization approach is proposed that yields an accurate convergence to observations and can explicitly account for prediction errors. The proposed approach is demonstrated using field data collected at the Little River Experimental Watershed in Georgia, where source-load reductions are related to the confidence of compliance with a water-quality standard. C1 [Chin, David A.] Univ Miami, Dept Civil Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Sakura-Lemessy, Donna] Albany State Univ, Albany, GA 31705 USA. [Bosch, David D.] ARS, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Gay, Paige A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Chin, DA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Civil Engn, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM dchin@miami.edu NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 136 IS 3 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000039 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 583QJ UT WOS:000276693200008 ER PT J AU Rhodes, EC Bates, JD Sharp, RN Davies, KW AF Rhodes, Edward C. Bates, Jonathan D. Sharp, Robert N. Davies, Kirk W. TI Fire Effects on Cover and Dietary Resources of Sage-Grouse Habitat SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE arthropods; bunchgrass; forbs; Oregon; prescribed burning; sage-grouse; Wyoming big sagebrush ID WYOMING BIG SAGEBRUSH; SOUTHEASTERN OREGON; PRESCRIBED FIRE; RECOVERY; STEPPE; MONTANA; RANGE; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY; JUNIPER AB We evaluated 6 years of vegetation response following prescribed fire in Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis) steppe on vegetation cover, productivity, and nutritional quality of forbs preferred by greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), and abundance of common arthropod orders. Habitat cover (shrubs and tall herbaceous cover [>18 cm ht]) was about 50% lower after burning compared to unburned controls because of the loss of sagebrush. Perennial grasses and an invasive annual forb, pale alyssum (Alyssum alyssoides), increased in cover or yield after fire. There were no increases in yield or nutritional quality of forb species important in diets of sage-grouse. Abundance of ants (Hymenoptera), a significant component in the diet of young sage-grouse, decreased after fire. These results suggest that prescribed fire will not improve habitat characteristics for sage-grouse in Wyoming big sagebrush steppe where the community consists of shrubs, native grasses, and native forbs. C1 [Rhodes, Edward C.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Nat Resource Informat Technol, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Texas AgriLife Res, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bates, Jonathan D.; Davies, Kirk W.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Sharp, Robert N.] Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Burns Dist Off, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Rhodes, EC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Nat Resource Informat Technol, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Texas AgriLife Res, 2138 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM jon.bates@oregonstate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center; Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank the numerous summer crew members for assistance in the field and laboratory: K. Adams, J. Anderson, G. Ash, A. Atchley, J. Davies, J. Duchene, E. Ersch, E. Hagerman, K. Haile, G. Hitz, J. Hobbs, E. Hugie, R. Kessler, K. Mumm, R. and E. O'Connor, L. Otley, G. Pokorny, J. Pyrse, K. Ralston, B. Smith, J. Svejcar, M. Villagrana, C. Williams, J. and M. Young, and D. Zvirdin. L. Ziegenhagen did much of the data compilation, insect collections, and running the field crews in 2003 and 2004. Many thanks to M. Carlon, L. Carlon, and C. Poulsen for assisting on the burn team. In addition, we thank C. Boyd, J. Connelly, M. Gregg, A. Apa, C. Aldridge, and J. Ganey for their review and valuable comments on previous drafts of our manuscript. The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and Oregon State Agricultural Experiment Station. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA-ARS, Oregon State University, Texas A&M University, or the authors and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products. NR 72 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 755 EP 764 DI 10.2193/2009-143 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 591MT UT WOS:000277305800015 ER PT J AU Caudell, JN Shwiff, SA Slater, MT AF Caudell, Joe N. Shwiff, Stephanie A. Slater, Michael T. TI Using a Cost-Effectiveness Model to Determine the Applicability of OvoControl G to Manage Nuisance Canada Geese SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; Branta canadensis; Canada geese; cost analysis; OvoControl; population control AB OvoControl G is a relatively new product that reduces hatchability of Canada goose (Branta canadensis) eggs, and few data are available on its cost effectiveness. Variables such as presence of nontargets, alternative foods, and public support can affect cost efficacy. We present a model that uses these and other factors to estimate the cost of application of OvoControl G for managing nuisance Canada geese. We found that at low goose densities (<35 pairs of geese), fixed labor was a significant portion of costs. As goose densities increase, OvoControl G becomes more cost effective than other methods, such as egg oiling or addling. Managers can use this model to determine whether OvoControl G will provide a successful and cost-effective treatment for population control of Canada geese in specific management areas. C1 [Caudell, Joe N.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shwiff, Stephanie A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Slater, Michael T.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Eastern Oregon Dist Off, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Caudell, JN (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 901 State St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM joe.n.caudell@aphis.usda.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4 BP 843 EP 848 DI 10.2193/2008-470 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 591MT UT WOS:000277305800024 ER PT J AU Clark, DJ Patten, C Reid, KF Carabello, RJ Phillips, EM Fielding, RA AF Clark, David J. Patten, Carolynn Reid, Kieran F. Carabello, Robert J. Phillips, Edward M. Fielding, Roger A. TI Impaired Voluntary Neuromuscular Activation Limits Muscle Power in Mobility-Limited Older Adults SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Aging; Electromyography; Strength ID UNIT FIRING RATES; CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES; ELDERLY-WOMEN; MOTOR CORTEX; YOUNG; TORQUE; STRENGTH; MEN; FORCE; AGE AB Background. An-related alterations of neuromuscular activation may contribute to deficits in muscle power and mobility function. This study assesses whether impaired activation of the agonist quadriceps and antagonist hamstrings, including amplitude- and velocity-dependent characteristics of activation, may explain differences in leg extension torque and power between healthy middle-aged, healthy older, and mobility-limited older adults. Methods. Torque, power, and electromyography were recorded during maximal voluntary leg extension trials across a range of velocities on an isokinetic dynamometer. Results. Neuromuscular activation was similar between middle-aged and older healthy groups, with differences in torque and power explained predominantly by muscle size. However, the older mobility limited group demonstrated marked impairment of torque, power, and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits occurring at the fastest movement velocities. Agonist muscle activation was found to be strongly associated with torque output. Conclusions. Similar neuromuscular activation between the middle-aged and older healthy groups indicates that impaired voluntary activation is not an obligatory consequence of aging. However, the finding that the mobility-limited group exhibited impaired activation of the agonist quadriceps and concomitant deficits in torque and power output suggests that neuromuscular activation deficits may contribute to compromised mobility function in older adults. C1 [Clark, David J.; Reid, Kieran F.; Carabello, Robert J.; Phillips, Edward M.; Fielding, Roger A.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Clark, David J.; Patten, Carolynn] Malcom Randall VA Med Ctr, Brain Rehabil Res Ctr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Patten, Carolynn] Univ Florida, Dept Phys Therapy, Gainesville, FL USA. [Phillips, Edward M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Boston, MA USA. [Phillips, Edward M.] Spaulding Rehabil Hosp, Boston, MA USA. RP Fielding, RA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM roger.fielding@tufts.edu RI Clark, David/A-4916-2013; Patten, Carolynn/B-4804-2009 OI Patten, Carolynn/0000-0002-9948-0045 FU National Institute on Aging [AG-18844]; Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center [1P30AG031679]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Career Development [B4888M] FX This research was supported by the National Institute on Aging (AG-18844 to RA Fielding) and the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (1P30AG031679). This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement No. 58-1950-7-707. D.J.C. was supported by U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Career Development Award B4888M. NR 39 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 65 IS 5 BP 495 EP 502 DI 10.1093/gerona/glq012 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 589BY UT WOS:000277120700005 PM 20156882 ER PT J AU Ready, RC Champ, PA Lawton, JL AF Ready, Richard C. Champ, Patricia A. Lawton, Jennifer L. TI Using Respondent Uncertainty to Mitigate Hypothetical Bias in a Stated Choice Experiment SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION RESPONSES; DISCRETE-CHOICE; MECHANISMS; QUESTIONS; CERTAINTY; GOODS AB In a choice experiment study, willingness to pay for a public good estimated from hypothetical choices was three times as large as willingness to pay estimated from choices requiring actual payment. This hypothetical bias was related to the stated level of certainty of respondents. We develop protocols to measure respondent certainty in the context of a choice experiment, and to calibrate hypothetical choices using these certainty measures. While both the measurement of respondent certainty and the use of certainty measures to calibrate responses are complicated by the multiple-choice nature of choice experiments, calibration successfully mitigated hypothetical bias in this application. (JEL Q51) C1 [Ready, Richard C.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Pitney Bowes MapInfo, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Ready, RC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 7 U2 20 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 86 IS 2 BP 363 EP 381 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 580WJ UT WOS:000276480900010 ER PT J AU Feist, BE Steel, EA Jensen, DW Sather, DND AF Feist, Blake E. Steel, E. Ashley Jensen, David W. Sather, Damon N. D. TI Does the scale of our observational window affect our conclusions about correlations between endangered salmon populations and their habitat? SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Multiple spatial scales; Spatial extent; Habitat; Pacific salmon; Land use; Spatial analysis; Restoration; Conservation ID SPATIAL SCALE; LAND-USE; COMMUNITY CONCORDANCE; ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES; AQUATIC COMMUNITIES; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; STREAM; LANDSCAPE; USA; BASIN AB Differences in the strength of species-habitat relationships across scales provide insights into the mechanisms that drive these relationships and guidance for designing in situ monitoring programs, conservation efforts and mechanistic studies. The scale of our observation can also impact the strength of perceived relationships between animals and habitat conditions. We examined the relationship between geographic information system (GIS)-based landscape data and Endangered Species Act-listed anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations in three subbasins of the Columbia River basin, USA. We characterized the landscape data and ran our models at three spatial scales: local (stream reach), intermediate (6th field hydrologic units directly in contact with a given reach) and catchment (entire drainage basin). We addressed three questions about the effect of scale on relationships between salmon and GIS representations of landscape conditions: (1) at which scale does each predictor best correlate with salmon redd density, (2) at which scale is overall model fit maximized, and (3) how does a mixed-scale model compare with single scale models (mixed-scale meaning models that contain variables characterized at different spatial scales)? We developed mixed models to identify relationships between redd density and candidate explanatory variables at each of these spatial scales. Predictor variables had the strongest relationships with redd density when they were summarized over the catchment scale. Meanwhile strong models could be developed using landscape variables summarized at only the local scale. Model performance did not improve when we used suites of potential predictors summarized over multiple scales. Relationships between species abundance and land use or intrinsic habitat suitability detected at one scale cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other scales. Therefore, habitat restoration efforts should take place in the context of conditions found in the associated watershed or landscape. C1 [Feist, Blake E.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Feist, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM blake.feist@noaa.gov OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank George Pess and Chris Jordan for reviewing and significantly improving previous drafts of this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive critiques of this manuscript. This research was funded, in part, by the Bonneville Power Administration. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or its agencies. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 EI 1572-9761 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 727 EP 743 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9458-1 PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 582PK UT WOS:000276609800006 ER PT J AU Thompson, JR Spies, TA AF Thompson, Jonathan R. Spies, Thomas A. TI Factors associated with crown damage following recurring mixed-severity wildfires and post-fire management in southwestern Oregon SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Burn mosaic; Reburn; Salvage logging; Burn severity; Biscuit Fire ID SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; KLAMATH MOUNTAINS; FIRE SEVERITY; EVERGREEN FOREST; BURN SEVERITY; LANDSAT TM; CALIFORNIA; LANDSCAPE; FUELS; USA AB Wildfires and post-fire logging and planting have a lasting influence on the quantity and arrangement of live and dead vegetation, which can, in turn, affect the behavior of future fires. In 2002, the Biscuit Fire re-burned 38,000 ha of mixed-conifer/evergreen hardwood forest in southwestern Oregon that had burned heterogeneously during the 1987 Silver Fire and then was subject, in part, to post-fire logging and planting. We measured vegetation cover and crown damage from at temporal sequence (1987, 2000, and 2002) of digital aerial photo-plots (plot size = 6.25 ha) within managed and unmanaged portions of the twice-burned landscape. We estimated the strength and nature of relationships between crown damage in the two fires while also accounting for the influence of several vegetation, topographic, weather, and management variables. On average, unmanaged plots within the reburn area had 58% of their live crown cover scorched or consumed by the Biscuit Fire (median = 64%). The level of re-burn crown damage was strongly related to the level of crown damage during the Silver Fire. Typically, the areas that burned severely in the Silver Fire succeeded to a mix of shrubs and tree regeneration (i.e. shrub-stratum vegetation), which then experienced high levels of Biscuit Fire damage. In contrast, the level of tree-stratum damage in the Biscuit Fire was largely independent of Silver Fire damage. Within plots that were salvage-logged then planted after the Silver Fire, on average 98% of the vegetation cover was damaged by the Biscuit Fire (median = 100%). Within the plots that experienced complete crown damage in the Silver Fire but were left unmanaged, on average 91% of the vegetation cover was damaged by the Biscuit Fire (median = 95%). Our findings suggest that in productive fire-prone landscapes, a post-fire mosaic of young regenerating vegetation can influence the pattern of crown damage in future wildfires. C1 [Thompson, Jonathan R.] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. [Thompson, Jonathan R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Spies, Thomas A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Thompson, JR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. EM thompsonjr@si.edu; tspies@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program FX This project was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program. We thank Keith Olsen and Duck Creek Inc for technical help and Jessica Halofsky, Tom Atzet, Warren Cohen, and Rick Miller for helpful comments on an earlier draft. NR 57 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 775 EP 789 DI 10.1007/s10980-010-9456-3 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 582PK UT WOS:000276609800009 ER PT J AU Romito, AM Eggert, SL Diez, JM Wallace, JB AF Romito, Angela M. Eggert, Susan L. Diez, Jeffrey M. Wallace, J. Bruce TI Effects of seasonality and resource limitation on organic matter turnover by Chironomidae (Diptera) in southern Appalachian headwater streams SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY PRODUCTION; THERMAL SENSITIVITY; FECAL PELLETS; LARVAE; SIMULIIDAE; INGESTION; MACROINVERTEBRATES; EPHEMEROPTERA; DETRITIVORES; ECOSYSTEM AB Despite their high abundance, secondary production, and known reliance on detrital material, the role of chironomids (Diptera) in fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) dynamics has not been well quantified. We conducted field trials using fluorescent pigment markers to estimate seasonal rates of consumption, annual secondary production, assimilation efficiency (AE), and FPOM turnover for non-Tanypodinae chironomids in two similar, southern Appalachian, headwater streams. An ecosystem-level experimental manipulation of detrital inputs in one study stream allowed for a unique assessment of turnover in reference, resource-limited, and resource-recovery systems. Seasonality had a significant effect on larval gut-passage time (GPT), with faster GPT at higher temperatures. Mean GPT ranged from 39 min (summer) to 67 min (winter). Mean annual FPOM turnover was reduced in the resource-limited stream (5.5 kg ash-free dry weight per year; 12% of mean annual FPOM export) compared to the reference stream (46 kg yr(-1); 74% of mean export). Following 4 yr of resource recovery, FPOM turnover increased to 24 kg ash-free dry wt yr(-1) (16% of export) but remained lower than levels measured in the reference stream (53 kg ash-free dry wt yr(-1); 20% of export). Chironomid contribution to FPOM turnover was much higher in low vs. high discharge conditions (74% in low discharge vs. 20% in high discharge). Assimilation efficiency was estimated to be low in all systems (1.7-2.5%). Chironomids turned over a large portion of FPOM available to them, suggesting that turnover by the entire collector community in forested headwater systems may be much higher than expected. C1 [Romito, Angela M.; Wallace, J. Bruce] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Eggert, Susan L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. [Diez, Jeffrey M.] Lincoln Univ, Bioprotect Res Ctr, Canterbury, New Zealand. [Wallace, J. Bruce] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Romito, AM (reprint author), Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Georgia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. EM aromito@warnell.uga.edu FU National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology [0212315] FX Comments provided by Darold Batzer, Mary Freeman, John Kominoski, Randy Kolka, the Nibbelink lab group, and two anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier versions of this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Mark Brown, who generously donated lab space and lab equipment that was essential to the completion of this research. This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation Division of Environmental Biology: 0212315. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1083 EP 1092 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.3.1083 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 595YS UT WOS:000277650900011 ER PT J AU Baker, LB Stofan, JR Lukaski, HC Horswill, CA AF Baker, Lindsay B. Stofan, John R. Lukaski, Henry C. Horswill, Craig A. TI Regional vs. Whole-Body Washdown Trace Mineral Concentration in Sweat SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Baker, Lindsay B.; Stofan, John R.; Horswill, Craig A.] Gatorade R&D, Gatorade Sports Sci Inst, Barrington, IL USA. [Lukaski, Henry C.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM lindsay.baker@gatorade.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2481 BP 641 EP 641 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226302282 ER PT J AU Yeargin, SW Eberman, LE Falconer, S Vaal, T AF Yeargin, Susan W. Eberman, Lindsey E. Falconer, Shannen Vaal, Tiffani TI Examination of Baseline Body Mass Validity Across Various Collegiate Athletic Teams SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Yeargin, Susan W.; Eberman, Lindsey E.; Vaal, Tiffani] Gatorade R&D, Gatorade Sports Sci Inst, Barrington, IL USA. [Falconer, Shannen] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM susan.yeargin@indstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2482 BP 641 EP 641 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226302283 ER PT J AU Cloutier, GJ Reid, KF Carabello, R Phillips, E Fielding, R AF Cloutier, Gregory J. Reid, Kieran F. Carabello, Robert Phillips, Edward Fielding, Roger TI Muscle Quality Is Strongly Associated With Physical Function In Middle-aged And Older Adults SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 57th Annual Meeting of the American-College-Sports-Medicine/Inaugural World Congress on Exercise is Medicine CY JUN 05, 2010 CL Baltimore, MD SP Amer Coll Sports Med C1 [Cloutier, Gregory J.; Reid, Kieran F.; Carabello, Robert; Phillips, Edward; Fielding, Roger] Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM gregory.cloutier@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 SU 1 MA 2795 BP 753 EP 753 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 759FO UT WOS:000290226302595 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Bearson, SMD Bearson, BL AF Sharma, Vijay K. Bearson, Shawn M. D. Bearson, Bradley L. TI Evaluation of the effects of sdiA, a luxR homologue, on adherence and motility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SITE MUTATIONS; COLI O157-H7 STRAIN; LAMBDA CI-REPRESSOR; BIOFILM FORMATION; VIRULENCE FACTORS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORS; CONTROLS EXPRESSION; CURLI; FLAGELLA; MUTANT AB Quorum-sensing (QS) signalling pathways are important regulatory networks for controlling the expression of genes promoting adherence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 to epithelial cells. A recent study has shown that EHEC O157:H7 encodes a luxR homologue, called sdiA, which upon overexpression reduces the expression of genes encoding flagellar and locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) proteins, thus negatively impacting on the motility and intimate adherence phenotypes, respectively. Here, we show that the deletion of sdiA from EHEC O157:H7 strain 86-24, and from a hha (a negative regulator of ler) mutant of this strain, enhanced bacterial adherence to HEp-2 epithelial cells of the sdiA mutant strains relative to the strains containing a wild-type copy of sdiA. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that the expression of LEE-encoded genes ler, espA and eae in strains with the sdiA deletions was not significantly different from that of the strains wild-type for sdiA. Similarly, no additional increases in the expression of LEE genes were observed in a sdiA hha double mutant strain relative to that observed in the hha deletion mutant. While the expression of fliC, which encodes flagellin, was enhanced in the sdiA mutant strain, the expression of fliC was reduced by several fold in the hha mutant strain, irrespective of the presence or absence of sdiA, indicating that the genes sdiA and hha exert opposing effects on the expression of fliC. The strains with deletions in sdiA or hha showed enhanced expression of csgA, encoding curlin of the curli fimbriae, with the expression of csgA highest in the sdiA hha double mutant, suggesting an additive effect of these two gene deletions on the expression of csgA. No significant differences were observed in the expression of the genes lpfA and fimA of the operons encoding long polar and type 1 fimbriae in the sdiA mutant strain. These data indicate that SdiA has no significant effect on the expression of LEE genes, but that it appears to act as a strong repressor of genes encoding flagella and curli fimbriae, and the alleviation of the SdiA-mediated repression of these genes in an EHEC O157:H7 sdiA mutant strain contributes to enhanced bacterial motility and increased adherence to HEp-2 epithelial cells. C1 [Sharma, Vijay K.; Bearson, Shawn M. D.] Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Bearson, Bradley L.] ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM vijay.sharma@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAY PY 2010 VL 156 BP 1303 EP 1312 DI 10.1099/mic.0.034330-0 PN 5 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 603AL UT WOS:000278180200004 PM 20110300 ER PT J AU Techen, N Arias, RS Glynn, NC Pan, ZQ Khan, IA Scheffler, BE AF Techen, Natascha Arias, Renee S. Glynn, Neil C. Pan, Zhiqiang Khan, Ikhlas A. Scheffler, Brian E. TI Optimized construction of microsatellite-enriched libraries SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE adapter; microsatellites; protocol; simple sequence repeat ID DNA; LOCI; MARKERS; SEQUENCES; GENOMICS; REPEATS AB The construction of microsatellite-enriched libraries is an indispensable tool to search for molecular markers as complete genome sequences are still not available for the majority of species of interest. Numerous protocols are available in the literature for the construction of these libraries; however, sometimes their low efficiency or lack of optimization in the protocols can restrict their efficacy. We have designed and tested various adapters and ligation methods; we also tested oligo-repeat combinations and hybridization temperatures, and created libraries with this new protocol for four organisms: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, Chionanthus retusus Lindley & Paxton, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Olivera and Puccinia kuehnii W. Kruger. The number of microsatellites detected for these species ranged from 2494 to 3919 per Mb of nonredundant sequence, that was 0.86 and 1.53 microsatellites per contig, with 37-66% of di-nucleotide motifs and 21-49% of tri- to octa-nucleotide repeats combined. A simplified protocol is provided for the successful generation of SSR-enriched libraries. C1 [Arias, Renee S.; Scheffler, Brian E.] USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Techen, Natascha; Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Techen, Natascha; Khan, Ikhlas A.] Univ Mississippi, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. [Glynn, Neil C.] USDA ARS, Canal Point, FL USA. [Pan, Zhiqiang] Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Arias, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genom & Bioinformat Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM renee.arias@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 FU Food and Drug Administration [FD-U-002071-01]; USDA [58-6408-2-0009] FX This work was funded in part by the Food and Drug Administration, grant number FD-U-002071-01 and by USDA Agricultural research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6408-2-0009. The authors thank Ms Marilyn Ruscoe and Ms Xiaofen (Fanny) Liu for technical support and to Dr O. Perera for suggestions. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 508 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02802.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 579WI UT WOS:000276407300011 PM 21565050 ER PT J AU Coombs, JA Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Coombs, Jason A. Letcher, B. H. Nislow, K. H. TI pedagog: software for simulating eco-evolutionary population dynamics SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE genotypes; heritability; natural selection; pedigree; sexual selection; traits ID FINITE POPULATION; PROGRAM; SIZE; MIGRATION; PEDIGREES; ALLELES; SAMPLES; MODELS; NUMBER; TIME AB pedagog is a Windows program that can be used to determine power for, and validate inferences drawn from, eco-evolutionary studies. It models dynamics of multiple populations and their interactions through individual-based simulations while simultaneously recording genotype, pedigree and trait information at the individual level. pedagog also allows for specification of heritable traits, natural and sexual selection acting upon those traits, population sampling schemes and incorporation of genetic and demographic errors into the output. Overall, parameters can be specified for genetic diversity, demographics, mating design, genetic and demographic errors, individual growth models, trait heritability and selection, and output formatting. Demographic parameters can be either age or function based, and all parameters can be drawn from 12 statistical distributions where appropriate. Simulation results can be automatically formatted for 57 existing software programs to facilitate postsimulation analyses. pedagog is freely available for download at https://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/pedigreesoftware/. C1 [Coombs, Jason A.] Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Letcher, B. H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Nislow, K. H.] Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Coombs, JA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Program Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM jcoombs@cns.umass.edu NR 29 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 558 EP 563 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02803.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 579WI UT WOS:000276407300019 PM 21565058 ER PT J AU Anderson, CM Aparicio, GJ Atangana, AR Beaulieu, J Bruford, MW Cain, F Campos, T Cariani, A Carvalho, MA Chen, N Chen, PP Clamens, AL Clark, AM Coeur D'Acier, A Connolly, P Cordero-Rivera, A Coughlan, JP Cross, TS David, B De Bruyn, C De Meyer, M De Ridder, C Delatte, H Dettori, MT Downer, SJ Dubreuil, C Evans, KJ Fan, B Ferrara, G Gagne, A Gaillard, M Gigliarelli, L Giovinazzi, J Gomez, DR Grunwald, NJ Hansson, B Huotari, T Jank, L Jousselin, E Jungmann, L Kaczmarek, ME Khasa, DP Kneebone, J Korpelainen, H Kostamo, K Lanfaloni, L Lin, HR Liu, XC Lucentini, L Maes, GE Mahaffee, WF Meng, ZN Micali, S Milano, I Mok, HF Morin, L Neill, TM Newton, CH Ostrow, DG Palomba, A Panara, F Puletti, ME Quarta, R Quilici, S Ramos, AKB Rigaud, T Risterucci, AM Salomon, MP Sanchez-Guillen, RA Sarver, SK Sequeira, AS Sforca, DA Simiand, C Smith, B Sousa, ACB Souza, AP Stepien, CC Stuckert, AJ Sulikowski, J Tayeh, A Tinti, F Tsang, PCW Van Houdt, JKJ Vendramin, E Verde, I Virgilio, M Wang, HL Wang, L Wattier, RA Wellenreuther, M Xie, CX Zane, L Zhang, XJ Zhang, Y Zhuang, ZM Zucchi, MI AF Anderson, Cynthia M. Aparicio, Gallego J. Atangana, Alain R. Beaulieu, Jean Bruford, M. W. Cain, Forrest Campos, T. Cariani, A. Carvalho, M. A. Chen, Nan Chen, P. P. Clamens, A. -L. Clark, Ann M. Coeur D'Acier, A. Connolly, Paul Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo Coughlan, James P. Cross, Thomas S. David, Bruno De Bruyn, Colin De Meyer, M. De Ridder, Chantal Delatte, H. Dettori, M. T. Downer, S. J. Dubreuil, Christine Evans, K. J. Fan, Bin Ferrara, G. Gagne, Andre Gaillard, Maria Gigliarelli, L. Giovinazzi, J. Gomez, D. R. Gruenwald, N. J. Hansson, Bengt Huotari, T. Jank, L. Jousselin, E. Jungmann, L. Kaczmarek, M. E. Khasa, Damase P. Kneebone, Jeff Korpelainen, H. Kostamo, K. Lanfaloni, L. Lin, Haoran Liu, Xiaochun Lucentini, L. Maes, G. E. Mahaffee, W. F. Meng, Zining Micali, S. Milano, I. Mok, H. F. Morin, L. Neill, T. M. Newton, Craig H. Ostrow, D. Gigi Palomba, A. Panara, F. Puletti, M. E. Quarta, R. Quilici, S. Ramos, A. K. B. Rigaud, Thierry Risterucci, A. M. Salomon, Matthew P. Sanchez-Guillen, Rosa A. Sarver, Shane K. Sequeira, A. S. Sforca, D. A. Simiand, C. Smith, Brian Sousa, A. C. B. Souza, A. P. Stepien, C. C. Stuckert, A. J. Sulikowski, James Tayeh, A. Tinti, F. Tsang, Paul C. W. Van Houdt, J. K. J. Vendramin, E. Verde, I. Virgilio, M. Wang, Huan L. Wang, Le Wattier, Remi A. Wellenreuther, Maren Xie, Cong X. Zane, L. Zhang, Xiu J. Zhang, Yong Zhuang, Zhimeng Zucchi, M. I. CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 December 2009-31 January 2010 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 220 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Allanblackia floribunda, Amblyraja radiata, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Calopogonium mucunoides, Dissodactylus primitivus, Elodea canadensis, Ephydatia fluviatilis, Galapaganus howdenae howdenae, Hoplostethus atlanticus, Ischnura elegans, Larimichthys polyactis, Opheodrys vernalis, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Phragmidium violaceum, Pistacia vera, and Thunnus thynnus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Allanblackia gabonensis, Allanblackia stanerana, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Dacus ciliatus, Dacus demmerezi, Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa, Ceratits catoirii, Dacus punctatifrons, Ephydatia mulleri, Spongilla lacustris, Geodia cydonium, Axinella sp., Ischnura graellsii, Ischnura ramburii, Ischnura pumilio, Pistacia integerrima and Pistacia terebinthus. C1 [Anderson, Cynthia M.; Cain, Forrest; Sarver, Shane K.; Smith, Brian] Black Hills State Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol Resources, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. [Aparicio, Gallego J.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain. [Atangana, Alain R.; Gagne, Andre; Khasa, Damase P.] Univ Laval, Fac Forestry & Geomat, CEF, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Beaulieu, Jean] Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Ctr, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4C7, Canada. [Bruford, M. W.] Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3US, S Glam, Wales. [Campos, T.; Sforca, D. A.; Sousa, A. C. B.; Souza, A. P.] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, CBMEG, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Cariani, A.; Ferrara, G.; Milano, I.; Tinti, F.] Univ Bologna, Dept Expt Evolutionary Biol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Carvalho, M. A.; Ramos, A. K. B.] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria Embrapa, BR-73310970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil. [Chen, Nan; Wang, Huan L.; Xie, Cong X.; Zhang, Xiu J.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fishery, Minist Educ, Key Lab Agr Anim Genet Breeding & Reprod, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Chen, P. P.; Downer, S. J.; Kaczmarek, M. E.; Mok, H. F.; Sequeira, A. S.; Stepien, C. C.; Stuckert, A. J.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Clamens, A. -L.; Coeur D'Acier, A.; Jousselin, E.; Tayeh, A.] INRA, UMR CBGP, IRD Cirad Montpellier SupAgro, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Clark, Ann M.; Ostrow, D. Gigi] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Connolly, Paul] Inst Marine, Oranmore, County Galway, Ireland. [Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo; Sanchez-Guillen, Rosa A.] Univ Vigo, EUET Forestal, Dept Ecoloxia & Bioloxia Anim, Pontevedra 36005, Spain. [Coughlan, James P.; Cross, Thomas S.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Aquaculture & Fisheries Dev Ctr, Enterprise Ctr, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. [David, Bruno; De Bruyn, Colin; Dubreuil, Christine; Gaillard, Maria; Rigaud, Thierry; Wattier, Remi A.] Univ Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR Biogeosci 5561, F-21000 Dijon, France. [De Bruyn, Colin; De Ridder, Chantal] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Lab Biol Marine CP 160 15, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [De Meyer, M.; Virgilio, M.] Royal Museum Cent Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. [Delatte, H.; Quilici, S.; Simiand, C.] Univ Reunion, PVBMT CIRAD, UMR C53, St Pierre 97410, Reunion. [Dettori, M. T.; Giovinazzi, J.; Micali, S.; Quarta, R.; Vendramin, E.; Verde, I.] CRA Ctr Ric Frutticoltura, I-00134 Rome, Italy. [Evans, K. J.] Univ Tasmania, Tasmanian Inst Agr Res, Newtown, Tas 7008, Australia. [Fan, Bin; Lin, Haoran; Liu, Xiaochun; Meng, Zining; Wang, Le; Zhang, Yong] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Key Lab Aquat Econ Anim,State Key Lab Biocontrol, Inst Aquat Econ Anim & Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Gigliarelli, L.; Lanfaloni, L.; Lucentini, L.; Palomba, A.; Panara, F.; Puletti, M. E.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Biol Cellulare & Ambientale, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Gomez, D. R.; Morin, L.] CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Gruenwald, N. J.; Mahaffee, W. F.; Neill, T. M.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Hansson, Bengt; Wellenreuther, Maren] Lund Univ, Dept Anim Ecol, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Huotari, T.; Korpelainen, H.; Kostamo, K.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Biol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Jank, L.; Jungmann, L.] Empresa Brasileira Pesquisa Agropecuaria Embrapa, BR-13400970 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. [Kneebone, Jeff; Tsang, Paul C. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kostamo, K.] Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00251, Finland. [Maes, G. E.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Anim Divers & Systemat, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Newton, Craig H.] Vizon SciTecInc, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L2, Canada. [Ostrow, D. Gigi; Salomon, Matthew P.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Risterucci, A. M.] CIRAD TA40 03, UMR 1096, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Souza, A. P.] Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Inst Biol, DBV, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Sulikowski, James] Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Van Houdt, J. K. J.] Lab Cytogenet & Genome Res, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Virgilio, M.] Royal Belgian Inst Nat Sci, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Zane, L.] Univ Padua, Dept Biol, I-35121 Padua, Italy. [Zhuang, Zhimeng] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. RP Anderson, CM (reprint author), Black Hills State Univ, Ctr Conservat Biol Resources, 1200 Univ St Unit 9053, Spearfish, SD 57799 USA. RI Coeur d'acier, Armelle/N-6916-2014; Evans, Katherine/C-3157-2008; Carvalho, Maria Raquel/C-7310-2016; Cariani, Alessia/L-3459-2016; Bruford, Michael/D-3750-2009; 2, INCT/G-6506-2013; Zane, Lorenzo/G-6249-2010; Bioetanol, Inct/I-1068-2013; Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Hansson, Bengt/L-8874-2013; DAVID, Bruno/N-8798-2013; lucentini, livia/E-6187-2014; Maes, Gregory/C-5450-2008; Morin, Louise/B-4822-2009; Wellenreuther, Maren/A-5555-2009; Zucchi, Maria/D-2637-2012; de Souza, Anete/B-8663-2012; OI Coeur d'acier, Armelle/0000-0002-8915-1395; Cariani, Alessia/0000-0002-5513-0086; Micali, Sabrina/0000-0002-2086-7467; Dettori, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-0528-2855; Verde, Ignazio/0000-0002-9139-955X; Bruford, Michael/0000-0001-6357-6080; Zane, Lorenzo/0000-0002-6963-2132; Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Hansson, Bengt/0000-0001-6694-8169; lucentini, livia/0000-0001-5051-610X; Maes, Gregory/0000-0002-1531-7321; de Souza, Anete/0000-0003-3831-9829; Vendramin, Elisa/0000-0002-7324-7237; Sanchez Guillen, Rosa Ana/0000-0001-6024-8321; TINTI, FAUSTO/0000-0002-8649-5387; Korpelainen, Helena/0000-0002-7046-6995 NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 10 IS 3 BP 576 EP 579 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02851.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 579WI UT WOS:000276407300023 ER PT J AU Zingg, JM Meydani, M Azzi, A AF Zingg, Jean-Marc Meydani, Mohsen Azzi, Angelo TI alpha-Tocopheryl phosphate - An active lipid mediator? SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE EPC-K1; Kinase; Phospholipids; Tocopherol; Tocopheryl phosphate ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; L-ASCORBIC-ACID; SUPERNATANT PROTEIN FACTOR; LIVER PHENYLALANINE-HYDROXYLASE; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; SUCCINATE INDUCES APOPTOSIS; HUMAN SEC14P-LIKE PROTEINS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; LONG-LASTING PROTECTION AB The vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol, alpha T) derivative, alpha-tocopheryl phosphate (alpha TP), is detectable in small amounts in plasma, tissues, and cultured cells. Studies done in vitro and in vivo suggest that alpha T can become phosphorylated and alpha TP dephosphorylated, suggesting the existence of enzyme(s) with alpha T kinase or alpha TP phosphatase activity, respectively. As a supplement in animal studies, alpha TP can reach plasma concentrations similar to alpha T and only a part is dephosphorylated; thus, alpha TP may act both as pro-vitamin E, but also as phosphorylated form of vitamin E with possibly novel regulatory activities. Many effects of alpha TP have been described: in the test tube alpha TP modulates the activity of several enzymes; in cell culture alpha TP affects proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and gene expression; in animal studies alpha TP prevents atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and induces hippocampal long-term potentiation. At the molecular level, alpha TP may act as a cofactor for enzymes, as an active lipid mediator similar to other phosphorylated lipids, or indirectly by altering membrane characteristics such as lipid rafts, fluidity, and curvature. In this review, the molecular and cellular activities of alpha TP are examined and the possible functions of alpha TP as a natural compound, cofactor and active lipid mediator involved in signal transduction and gene expression discussed. C1 [Zingg, Jean-Marc] Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Zingg, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Vasc Biol Lab, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Jean-Marc.Zingg@tufts.edu FU USDA [4158-1950-7-707] FX This work is supported by grant USDA contract 4158-1950-7-707. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture. The authors thank Stephanie Marco for correcting the manuscript. NR 186 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 54 IS 5 SI SI BP 679 EP 692 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200900404 PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 606RN UT WOS:000278445000013 PM 20169583 ER PT J AU Qin, BL Polansky, MM Harry, D Anderson, RA AF Qin, Bolin Polansky, Marilyn M. Harry, Dawson Anderson, Richard A. TI Green tea polyphenols improve cardiac muscle mRNA and protein levels of signal pathways related to insulin and lipid metabolism and inflammation in insulin-resistant rats SO MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cardiac insulin; Green tea polyphenols; Lipid and inflammatory signaling ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE-RATS; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1C; GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GLYCOGEN-SYNTHASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BLACK TEA; HEART AB Epidemiological studies indicate that the consumption of green tea polyphenols (GTP) may reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. To explore the underlying mechanisms of action at the molecular level, we examined the effects of GTP on the cardiac mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in insulin and lipid metabolism and inflammation. In rats fed a high-fructose diet, supplementation with GTP (200 mg/kg BW daily dissolved in distilled water) for 6 wk, reduced systemic blood glucose, plasma insulin, retinol-binding protein 4, soluble CD36, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and LDL-C levels, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6. GTP did not affect food intake, bodyweight and heart weight. In the myocardium, GTP also increased the insulin receptor (Ir), insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (Irs1 and Irs2), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (Pi3k), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt1), glucose transporter 1 and 4 (Glut1 and Glut4) and glycogen synthase 1 (Gys1) expression but inhibited phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (Pten) expression and decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3 beta) mRNA expression. The sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (Srebp1c) mRNA, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) mRNA and protein, Cd36 mRNA and cluster of differentiation 36 protein levels were decreased and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar)gamma mRNA levels were increased. GTP also decreased the inflammatory factors: Tnf, Il1b and Il6 mRNA levels, and enhanced the anti-inflammatory protein, zinc-finger protein, protein and mRNA expression. In summary, consumption of GTP ameliorated the detrimental effects of high-fructose diet on insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and inflammation in the cardiac muscle of rats. C1 [Qin, Bolin; Polansky, Marilyn M.; Harry, Dawson; Anderson, Richard A.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Qin, Bolin] Integr Nutraceuticals Int, S Spring Hill, TN USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. EM Anderson@ars.usda.gov FU USDA [58-3K95-7-1184] FX This work was supported by a USDA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA No. 58-3K95-7-1184) with Integrity, Spring Hill, TN, to R. A. Dr. Ji-Young Lee, Dr. Joseph Urban and Dr. Allison Yates are thanked for support and advice. The authors also thank Dr. Heping Cao for his assistance and the antibody for Zfp36. NR 62 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-4125 J9 MOL NUTR FOOD RES JI Mol. Nutr. Food Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 54 SU 1 SI SI BP S14 EP S23 DI 10.1002/mnfr.200900306 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 628SR UT WOS:000280142500003 PM 20112301 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JFS Luthria, DL Sasaki, T Heyerick, A AF Ferreira, Jorge F. S. Luthria, Devanand L. Sasaki, Tomikazu Heyerick, Arne TI Flavonoids from Artemisia annua L. as Antioxidants and Their Potential Synergism with Artemisinin against Malaria and Cancer SO MOLECULES LA English DT Review DE Artemisia annua; artemisinin; flavonoids; antimalarial; anticancer; synergism ID APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND; UNCOMPLICATED FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; TRAIL-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS; HUMAN GLIOMA-CELLS; DR5 UP-REGULATION; IN-VITRO; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; METHOXYLATED FLAVONES AB Artemisia annua is currently the only commercial source of the sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin. Since artemisinin was discovered as the active component of A. annua in early 1970s, hundreds of papers have focused on the anti-parasitic effects of artemisinin and its semi-synthetic analogs dihydroartemisinin, artemether, arteether, and artesunate. Artemisinin per se has not been used in mainstream clinical practice due to its poor bioavailability when compared to its analogs. In the past decade, the work with artemisinin-based compounds has expanded to their anti-cancer properties. Although artemisinin is a major bioactive component present in the traditional Chinese herbal preparations (tea), leaf flavonoids, also present in the tea, have shown a variety of biological activities and may synergize the effects of artemisinin against malaria and cancer. However, only a few studies have focused on the potential synergistic effects between flavonoids and artemisinin. The resurgent idea that multi-component drug therapy might be better than monotherapy is illustrated by the recent resolution of the World Health Organization to support artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT), instead of the previously used monotherapy with artemisinins. In this critical review we will discuss the possibility that artemisinin and its semi-synthetic analogs might become more effective to treat parasitic diseases (such as malaria) and cancer if simultaneously delivered with flavonoids. The flavonoids present in A. annua leaves have been linked to suppression of CYP450 enzymes responsible for altering the absorption and metabolism of artemisinin in the body, but also have been linked to a beneficial immunomodulatory activity in subjects afflicted with parasitic and chronic diseases. C1 [Ferreira, Jorge F. S.] USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Luthria, Devanand L.] USDA ARS, Food Composit & Methods Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sasaki, Tomikazu] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Heyerick, Arne] Univ Ghent, Lab Pharmacognosy & Phytochem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Ferreira, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM Jorge.Ferreira@ars.usda.gov; D.Luthria@ars.usda.gov; sasaki@chem.washington.edu; Arne.Heyerick@UGent.be RI Torero, Rebeca/C-1703-2012; OI Ferreira, Jorge F.S./0000-0003-4550-6761; Heyerick, Arne/0000-0001-6159-8040 NR 174 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 7 U2 58 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-3049 J9 MOLECULES JI Molecules PD MAY PY 2010 VL 15 IS 5 BP 3135 EP 3170 DI 10.3390/molecules15053135 PG 36 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 601YY UT WOS:000278105400013 PM 20657468 ER PT J AU Bao, XD Carris, LM Huang, GM Luo, JF Liu, YT Castlebury, LA AF Bao, Xiaodong Carris, Lori M. Huang, Guoming Luo, Jiafeng Liu, Yueting Castlebury, Lisa A. TI Tilletia puccinelliae, a new species of reticulate-spored bunt fungus infecting Puccinellia distans SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE alkaligrass; cool season grass smuts; multigene phylogenetic analysis; Tilletiales ID T-BROMI COMPLEX; INFERENCE; MRBAYES; INDICA AB A shipment of Fults alkaligrass seed (Puccinellia distans) grown in Washington state containing bunted florets was intercepted by quarantine officials at China's Tianjin Entry-Exit Quarantine and Inspection Bureau. The bunted florets were filled with irregularly shaped, reticulately ornamented teliospores that germinated in a manner characteristic of systemically infecting Tilletia spp. on grass hosts in subfamily Pooideae. Based on morphological characters and a multigene phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region rDNA, eukaryotic translation elongation factor I alpha and a region of the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II including a putative intein, the Puccinellia bunt is genetically distinct from known Species of Tilletia and is proposed as a new species, T. puccinelliae. C1 [Bao, Xiaodong; Carris, Lori M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Huang, Guoming; Luo, Jiafeng; Liu, Yueting] Tianjin Entry Exit Inspect & Quarantine Bur, Tianjin 300456, Peoples R China. [Castlebury, Lisa A.] ARS, USDA, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carris, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM carris@wsu.edu RI Bao, Xiaodong/E-4161-2013 FU AQSIQ, P.R. China [20081K236] FX PPNS 0523, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural, Natural and Human Resource Sciences Research Project No. WNP03837, Washington State University at Pullman. We thank Orlin Reinbold, Landmark Native Seeds, Spokane, Washington, and Victor Shaul, Washington Department of Agriculture Seed Lab, for providing alkali grass seed samples, Dr Christian Feuillet for assistance with the Latin description and Dr Kalman Vanky, herbarium H.U.V., for input and advice. The Tianjin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau project is supported by 20081K236 of AQSIQ, P.R. China. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 102 IS 3 BP 613 EP 623 DI 10.3852/09-135 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 605OM UT WOS:000278356900012 PM 20524594 ER PT J AU Romero, A Hogsette, JA Coronado, A AF Romero, Alvaro Hogsette, Jerome A. Coronado, Alfredo TI Distribution and Abundance of Natural Parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Populations of House Flies and Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) at the University of Florida Dairy Research Unit SO NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Stomoxys calcitrans; Musca domestica; natural enemy; parasitism ID SPALANGIA-ENDIUS HYMENOPTERA; ILLINOIS CATTLE FEEDLOTS; FILTH FLY DIPTERA; EASTERN NEBRASKA; CONFINED LIVESTOCK; OPEN SILAGE; NEW-YORK; PUPAE; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA AB From September 2001 through September 2002, house fly and stable fly pupae were collected weekly from three fly habitats at the University of Florida Research dairy in northcentral Florida and evaluated for parasitism. Varying parasitism percentages were observed throughout the study but they were not affected by temperature, precipitation or fly abundance. Of the 6,222 house fly pupae and 1,660 stable fly pupae that produced either a host fly or a parasitoid, 26.9% and 26.7% were parasitized, respectively. Ten parasitoid species were recovered, with the genus Spalangia accounting for 85.7% of the total; the most common parasitoids attacking house fly and stable fly pupae were Spalangia endius Walker (33.9% and 27.3%), S. cameroni Perkins (27.9% and 40.6%), and S. nigroaenea Curtis (21.0% and 24.8%), respectively. Other parasitoids included one specimen of S. erythromera Forster and four specimens of Phygadetton fumator Gravenhorst (Ichneumonidae). The percentage parasitism of pupae collected from bunker silos was higher than that of pupae from calf pens and open pastures. Spalangia cameroni was consistently recovered through the entire year. Spalangia nigroaenea was predominant in July, August, and September. Spalangia endius was most active from October to May with a peak of relative abundance in January. C1 [Romero, Alvaro] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hogsette, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Coronado, Alfredo] Univ Ctr Accidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto 3001A, Lara, Venezuela. RP Romero, A (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, 2310 Gardner Hall Campus Box 7613,100 Derieux Pl, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM alvaro_romero@ncsu.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC BRASIL PI LONDRINA, PA C POSTAL 481, 86001-970 LONDRINA,, PR, BRAZIL SN 1519-566X J9 NEOTROP ENTOMOL JI Neotrop. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1590/S1519-566X2010000300017 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 628OZ UT WOS:000280131200017 PM 20676517 ER PT J AU Green, BT Lee, ST Panter, KE Welch, KD Cook, D Pfister, JA Kem, WR AF Green, Benedict T. Lee, Stephen T. Panter, Kip E. Welch, Kevin D. Cook, Daniel Pfister, James A. Kem, William R. TI Actions of piperidine alkaloid teratogens at fetal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anabasine; Anabaseine; Ammodendrine; Anagyrine; Coniine; Nicotinic cholinergic receptor; Teratogenesis ID CROOKED CALF DISEASE; RELATIVE TOXICITIES; CONIUM-MACULATUM; TREE TOBACCO; DOWN METHOD; ENANTIOMERS; ANABASEINE; LIVESTOCK; QUINOLIZIDINE; POTENCIES AB Teratogenic alkaloids are found in many species of plants including Conium maculatum L., Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana tabaccum, and multiple Lupinus spp. Fetal musculoskeletal defects produced by alkaloids from these plants include arthrogyropisis, scoliosis, torticollis, kyposis, lordosis, and cleft palate. A pharmacodynamic comparison of the alkaloids ammodendrine, anabasine, anabaseine, anagyrine, and coniine in SH-SY5Y cells and TE-671 cells was made. These alkaloids and their enantiomers were more effective in depolarizing TE-671 cells which express the human fetal-muscle type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) relative to SH-SY5Y cells which predominately express autonomic nAChRs. The rank order of potency in TE-671 cells was: anabaseine > (+)-anabasine> (-)-anabasine > (+/-)-anabasine > anagyrine > (-)-coniine > (+/-)-coniine > (+)-coniine > (+/-)-ammodendrine > (+)-ammodendrine. The rank order potency in SH-SY5Y cells was: anabaseine > (+)-anabasine > (-)-coniine > (+)-coniine > (+)-ammodendrine > anagyrine > (-)-anabasine > (+/-)-coniine > (+/-)-anabasine> (-)-ammodendrine. The actions of these alkaloids at nAChRs in both cell lines could be distinguished by their maximum effects in depolarizing cell membrane potential. The teratogenic action of these compounds may be related to their ability to activate and subsequently desensitize nAChRs. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Green, Benedict T.; Lee, Stephen T.; Panter, Kip E.; Welch, Kevin D.; Cook, Daniel; Pfister, James A.] ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Kem, William R.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Green, BT (reprint author), ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, USDA, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM ben.green@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service; Florida Sea Grant Program FX The protocol for animal use in this research was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. The authors wish to thank Isabelle McCollum for her expert technical assistance in cell culture and cell-based assays. PPRL research was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (BTG, STL, KEP, KDW, DC, JAP). The University of Florida research was supported by the Florida Sea Grant Program (WRK). NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 383 EP 390 DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2010.01.011 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 602XY UT WOS:000278173600008 PM 20116429 ER PT J AU Runion, GB Prior, SA Rogers, HH Mitchell, RJ AF Runion, G. B. Prior, S. A. Rogers, H. H. Mitchell, R. J. TI Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on two southern forest diseases SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Fusiform rust; Pitch canker; Cronartium quercuum f.sp fusiforme; Fusarium circinatum; Loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; Northern red oak; Quercus rubra ID CARBON ALLOCATION; TISSUE CHEMISTRY; WATER-STRESS; ENRICHMENT; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; DECOMPOSITION; INFECTION; SEEDLINGS; DIOXIDE AB Research into the effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) on plant diseases remains limited despite the economic importance of this subject. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedlings were exposed to ambient and twice ambient levels of atmospheric CO2 prior to inoculation with the fusiform rust fungus (the obligate pathogen Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme, CQF) or the pitch canker fungus (the facultative pathogen Fusarium circinatum, FC). Additionally, northern red oak seedlings (Quercus rubra; an alternate host of CQF) were exposed to ambient or elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 prior to inoculation with CQF. In all cases, disease incidence (percent of plants infected) and disease severity (proportion of each plant affected) were determined; with the oak seedlings, the latent period (time to sporulation) was also monitored. In general, disease incidence was decreased by exposure to elevated CO2. This exposure also increased the latent period for CQF on oak seedlings. In no instance did exposure to elevated CO2 affect disease severity. This research demonstrated that plants may benefit from exposure to the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere through decreases in fungal disease incidence. C1 [Runion, G. B.; Prior, S. A.; Rogers, H. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. [Mitchell, R. J.] Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. RP Runion, GB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM brett.runion@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [R826259-01]; U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Sciences Division [DE-AI05-95ER62088]; Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station [ALA-60-008] FX This work was supported by the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. R826259-01, by Interagency Agreement No. DE-AI05-95ER62088 from the U.S. Department of Energy, Environmental Sciences Division, and by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Project No. ALA-60-008. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Energy or the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. The authors wish to thank Tammy Dorman, Barry Dorman, and Jerry Carrington for technical assistance. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s11056-009-9170-7 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 580GM UT WOS:000276435800002 ER PT J AU Devine, WD Harrington, CA DeBell, DS AF Devine, Warren D. Harrington, Constance A. DeBell, Dean S. TI Intra-annual growth and mortality of four Populus clones in pure and mixed plantings SO NEW FORESTS LA English DT Article DE Populus; Biomass; Short-rotation; Clonal plantation ID SHORT-ROTATION; PRODUCTION PHYSIOLOGY; POPLAR CLONES; HYBRIDS; MELAMPSORA; COTTONWOOD; MORPHOLOGY; DYNAMICS; COPPICE AB Intra-annual growth rates were assessed during 3 years for four Populus clones grown in pure and mixed clonal stands at square spacings of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m in western Washington, USA. Height growth rate peaked in August, except at the 0.5-m spacing where it peaked in July and June in years 2 and 3, respectively. Diameter growth rate generally peaked in June. Seasonal growth patterns in mixed clonal stands, relative to those in pure clonal stands, varied by clone. Following early season moisture stress in year 2, growth of a P. balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa clone declined significantly relative to three P. balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa x P. deltoides clones; this trend was most evident at the 0.5-m spacing. During this period of moisture stress, P. balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa had 11 and 36% mortality in pure and mixed stands, respectively, at the 0.5-m spacing; this clone had no mortality at wider spacings during the same period. Although height rankings among clones shifted during the first growing season, rankings at the end of year 1 were very similar to those at the end of year 3. C1 [Devine, Warren D.; Harrington, Constance A.; DeBell, Dean S.] US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Devine, WD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM wdevine@fs.fed.us RI Harrington, Constance/G-6161-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-A105-810R20914] FX This study was funded by the Short Rotation Woody Crops Program of the U.S. Department of Energy through Interagency Agreement No. DE-A105-810R20914. We thank the Washington State Department of Natural Resources for providing the study site. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4286 J9 NEW FOREST JI New For. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 39 IS 3 BP 287 EP 299 DI 10.1007/s11056-009-9171-6 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 580GM UT WOS:000276435800003 ER PT J AU Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Jimenez, F Ros, E De Caterina, R Badimon, L Covas, MI Escrich, E Ordovas, JM Soriguer, F Abia, R de la Lastra, CA Battino, M Corella, D Chamorro-Quiros, J Delgado-Lista, J Giugliano, D Esposito, K Estruch, R Fernandez-Real, JM Gaforio, JJ La Vecchia, C Lairon, D Lopez-Segura, F Mata, P Menendez, JA Muriana, FJ Osada, J Panagiotakos, DB Paniagua, JA Perez-Martinez, P Perona, J Peinado, MA Pineda-Priego, M Poulsen, HE Quiles, JL Ramirez-Tortosa, MC Ruano, J Serra-Majem, L Sola, R Solanas, M Solfrizzi, V de la Torre-Fornell, R Trichopoulou, A Uceda, M Villalba-Montoro, JM Villar-Ortiz, JR Visioli, F Yiannakouris, N AF Lopez-Miranda, J. Perez-Jimenez, F. Ros, E. De Caterina, R. Badimon, L. Covas, M. I. Escrich, E. Ordovas, J. M. Soriguer, F. Abia, R. Alarcon de la Lastra, C. Battino, M. Corella, D. Chamorro-Quiros, J. Delgado-Lista, J. Giugliano, D. Esposito, K. Estruch, R. Fernandez-Real, J. M. Gaforio, J. J. La Vecchia, C. Lairon, D. Lopez-Segura, F. Mata, P. Menendez, J. A. Muriana, F. J. Osada, J. Panagiotakos, D. B. Paniagua, J. A. Perez-Martinez, P. Perona, J. Peinado, M. A. Pineda-Priego, M. Poulsen, H. E. Quiles, J. L. Ramirez-Tortosa, M. C. Ruano, J. Serra-Majem, L. Sola, R. Solanas, M. Solfrizzi, V. de la Torre-Fornell, R. Trichopoulou, A. Uceda, M. Villalba-Montoro, J. M. Villar-Ortiz, J. R. Visioli, F. Yiannakouris, N. TI Olive oil and health: Summary of the II international conference on olive oil and health consensus report, Jaen and Cordoba (Spain) 2008 SO NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES LA English DT Review DE Olive oil; Mediterranean diet Phenolic compounds; Cardiovascular disease; Cancer; Obesity; Diabetes; Metabolic syndrome ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; DIETARY FATTY-ACIDS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; INSULIN-RESISTANT SUBJECTS; MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; MEDITERRANEAN-TYPE DIET; SUN PROSPECTIVE COHORT; BODY-MASS INDEX; METABOLIC SYNDROME; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL AB Olive oil (OO) is the most representative food of the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Increasing evidence suggests that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) as a nutrient, OO as a food, and the MedDiet as a food pattern are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. A MedDiet rich in OO and OO per se has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipid profiles, blood pressure, postprandial hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and antithrombotic profiles. Some of these beneficial effects can be attributed to the OO minor components. Therefore, the definition of the MedDiet should include OO. Phenolic compounds in OO have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, prevent lipoperoxidation, induce favorable changes of lipid profile, improve endothelial function, and disclose antithrombotic properties. Observational studies from Mediterranean cohorts have suggested that dietary MUFA may be protective against age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies consistently support the concept that the OO-rich MedDiet is compatible with healthier aging and increased longevity. In countries where the population adheres to the MedDiet, such as Spain, Greece and Italy, and OO is the principal source of fat, rates of cancer incidence are lower than in northern European countries. Experimental and human cellular studies have provided new evidence on the potential protective effect of OO on cancer. Furthermore, results of case-control and cohort studies suggest that MUFA intake including OO is associated with a reduction in cancer risk (mainly breast, colorectal and prostate cancers). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopez-Miranda, J.] Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Lipid & Atherosclerosis Unit, Sch Med, Cordoba 14004, Spain. [Ros, E.; Estruch, R.] Hosp Clin Barcelona, Inst Invest Biomed August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. [De Caterina, R.] Univ G DAnnunzio, Inst Cardiol, Chieti, Italy. [Badimon, L.] CSIC, Barcelona, Spain. [Covas, M. I.; de la Torre-Fornell, R.] Inst Municipal Invest Med, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. [Escrich, E.; Solanas, M.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Ordovas, J. M.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Soriguer, F.] Carlos Haya Univ Hosp, Malaga, Spain. [Abia, R.; Muriana, F. J.; Perona, J.] CSIC, Inst Grasa, E-41080 Seville, Spain. [Alarcon de la Lastra, C.] Univ Seville, Dept Pharmacol, Seville, Spain. [Battino, M.] Univ Politecn Marche Ancona, Dept Biochem Biol & Genet, Ancona, Italy. [Corella, D.] Univ Valencia, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Valencia, Spain. [Corella, D.] Univ Valencia, C1BEROBN, Valencia, Spain. [Chamorro-Quiros, J.] Hosp Ciudad Jaen, Jaen, Spain. [Giugliano, D.; Esposito, K.] Univ Naples SUN, Ctr Excellence Cardiovasc Dis, Naples, Italy. [Fernandez-Real, J. M.] Hosp Josep Trueta, Dept Endocrinol, Girona, Spain. [Gaforio, J. J.] Univ Jaen, Dept Hlth Sci, Jaen, Spain. [La Vecchia, C.] Ist Ric Farmacol, Milan, Italy. [Lairon, D.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, INRA, Fac Med, INSERM,U476,UMR 1260, Marseille, France. [Mata, P.] Fdn Jimenez Diaz, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Menendez, J. A.] Inst Catalan Oncol, Girona, Spain. [Osada, J.] Univ Zaragoza, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Panagiotakos, D. B.; Villalba-Montoro, J. M.] Harokopio Univ Athens, Dept Nutr & Dietet, Athens, Greece. [Peinado, M. A.] Univ Jaen, Dept Expt Biol, Jaen, Spain. [Pineda-Priego, M.] Univ Cordoba, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Poulsen, H. E.] Univ Copenhagen Hosp, Rigshosp, Dept Clin Pharmacol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Quiles, J. L.; Ramirez-Tortosa, M. C.] Univ Granada, Dept Physiol, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Serra-Majem, L.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Clin Sci, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Sola, R.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Hosp Univ St Joan, CIBERDEM, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain. [Solfrizzi, V.] Univ Bari, Memory Unit, Ctr Aging Brain, Dept Geriatr, Bari, Italy. [Trichopoulou, A.] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. [Uceda, M.] IFAPA Ctr Venta del Llano, Jaen, Spain. [Villar-Ortiz, J. R.] Univ Seville, Virgen del Rocio Univ Hosp, Seville, Spain. [Visioli, F.] Univ Paris 06, UMR7079, Paris 5, France. RP Lopez-Miranda, J (reprint author), Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Lipid & Atherosclerosis Unit, Sch Med, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM jlopezmir@uco.es; fperezjimenez@uco.es; eros@clinic.ub.es RI Perona, Javier/B-9721-2014; Solanas Garcia, Montserrat /O-4684-2016; Abia, Rocio/P-1678-2016; Battino, Maurizio/E-6103-2012; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes/C-9776-2013; Visioli, Francesco/J-9356-2013; Alarcon-de-la-Lastra, Catalina/F-6282-2013; SOLA, Rosa/N-5919-2014; BADIMON, LINA/O-4711-2014; IBIS, HIPERCOLESTERO/P-3953-2015; Quiles, Jose/C-6911-2013; MENENDEZ, JAVIER/C-6148-2016; De Caterina, Raffaele/K-3857-2016 OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Peinado, Maria Angeles/0000-0003-3136-0706; Perona, Javier/0000-0001-5919-993X; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ruano, Juan/0000-0002-0286-4107; Gaforio, Jose J/0000-0003-2996-9301; La Vecchia, Carlo/0000-0003-1441-897X; Solanas Garcia, Montserrat /0000-0003-2949-1344; Abia, Rocio/0000-0003-2741-189X; SOLA, Rosa/0000-0002-8359-235X; Battino, Maurizio/0000-0002-7250-1782; Visioli, Francesco/0000-0002-1756-1723; Alarcon-de-la-Lastra, Catalina/0000-0001-6625-3818; BADIMON, LINA/0000-0002-9162-2459; Quiles, Jose/0000-0002-9048-9086; MENENDEZ, JAVIER/0000-0001-8733-4561; De Caterina, Raffaele/0000-0003-1637-574X NR 105 TC 190 Z9 194 U1 21 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0939-4753 J9 NUTR METAB CARDIOVAS JI Nutr. Metab. Carbiovasc. Dis. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 20 IS 4 BP 284 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.12.007 PG 11 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 612IU UT WOS:000278891900009 PM 20303720 ER PT J AU Perry, LG Blumenthal, DM Monaco, TA Paschke, MW Redente, EF AF Perry, Laura G. Blumenthal, Dana M. Monaco, Thomas A. Paschke, Mark W. Redente, Edward F. TI Immobilizing nitrogen to control plant invasion SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Carbon addition; Ecological restoration; Fire; Grazing; Plant-soil feedbacks ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM CHANGES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; OLD-FIELD; BROMUS-TECTORUM; HEATHLAND RESTORATION; PERENNIAL GRASSES; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AB Increased soil N availability may often facilitate plant invasions. Therefore, lowering N availability might reduce these invasions and favor desired species. Here, we review the potential efficacy of several commonly proposed management approaches for lowering N availability to control invasion, including soil C addition, burning, grazing, topsoil removal, and biomass removal, as well as a less frequently proposed management approach for lowering N availability, establishment of plant species adapted to low N availability. We conclude that many of these approaches may be promising for lowering N availability by stimulating N immobilization, even though most are generally ineffective for removing N from ecosystems (excepting topsoil removal). C addition and topsoil removal are the most reliable approaches for lowering N availability, and often favor desired species over invasive species, but are too expensive or destructive, respectively, for most management applications. Less intensive approaches, such as establishing low-N plant species, burning, grazing and biomass removal, are less expensive than C addition and may lower N availability if they favor plant species that are adapted to low N availability, produce high C:N tissue, and thus stimulate N immobilization. Regardless of the method used, lowering N availability sufficiently to reduce invasion will be difficult, particularly in sites with high atmospheric N deposition or agricultural runoff. Therefore, where feasible, the disturbances that result in high N availability should be limited in order to reduce invasions by nitrophilic weeds. C1 [Perry, Laura G.] Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Perry, Laura G.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] USDA ARS, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. [Monaco, Thomas A.] USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. [Paschke, Mark W.; Redente, Edward F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Perry, LG (reprint author), Ft Collins Sci Ctr, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM Laura.Perry@colostate.edu RI Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012; Paschke, Mark/E-3799-2013 OI Paschke, Mark/0000-0002-6345-5905 FU US National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center FX Funding for this work was provided by the US National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center. D. Augustine, H. BassiriRad, I. Burke, F. Dijkstra, C. Korner, and six anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. NR 152 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 8 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1580-x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 582RC UT WOS:000276615100002 PM 20387033 ER PT J AU Duniway, MC Herrick, JE Monger, HC AF Duniway, Michael Cohrs Herrick, Jeffrey E. Monger, H. Curtis TI Spatial and temporal variability of plant-available water in calcium carbonate-cemented soils and consequences for arid ecosystem resilience SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Calcic; Petrocalcic; Chihuahuan Desert; Desert grassland; Climate change ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; PRECIPITATION; PATTERNS; GRASSLAND; RESPONSES; DYNAMICS; DROUGHT; HORIZON AB Increased variability in precipitation, including frequency of drought, is predicted for many arid and semiarid regions globally. The ability of soils to retain water can increase resilience by buffering vegetation communities against precipitation extremes. Little is known, however, about water retention by carbonate-cemented soil horizons, which occur extensively in arid and semiarid ecosystems. It has been speculated that they may significantly modify vertical and temporal distribution of plant-available water (PAW). To investigate this hypothesis, PAW was monitored at three sites in a mixed shrub-grass community in southern New Mexico, USA, across soils with differing degrees of carbonate horizon development: no carbonate horizon, a horizon partially cemented with carbonates (calcic), and a horizon continuously cemented with carbonates (petrocalcic). Results are presented from 3 years that included extremely dry and wet periods. Both carbonate-cemented horizons absorbed and retained significantly greater amounts of PAW for several months following an extremely wet winter and summer compared to the non-carbonate soil. Following a wet summer, continuously cemented horizons retained very high PAW (16-18% volumetric or similar to 72-80% of soil water holding capacity) through early spring of the following year, more than double the PAW retained by similar depths in the non-carbonate soil. Drying dynamics indicate both carbonate-cemented horizons release stored water into the grass rooting zone during growing seasons following extreme wet events. Water dynamics of these horizons during extreme events provide a mechanism to explain previous observations that perennial grasses exhibit greater resilience to drought when carbonate-cemented horizons occur at shallow depths (< 50 cm). Water holding capacity of the entire profile, including horizons cemented with carbonates, should be considered when evaluating the potential resilience of vegetation communities to disturbance, including the increased variability in precipitation expected to occur as a result of global climate change. C1 [Duniway, Michael Cohrs; Herrick, Jeffrey E.] USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Monger, H. Curtis] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Duniway, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mduniway@nmsu.edu OI Duniway, Michael/0000-0002-9643-2785 FU National Science Foundation; New Mexico State University [08010209 DEB]; USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range; T E FX Many thanks to Steve Evett for his technical help with the TDR system, the Jornada Experimental Range staff for field help and logistical support, and Marta Remmenga for statistical help. We would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers and Deb Peters for their helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant to New Mexico State University for the Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research program (08010209 DEB), the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, and T & E. Experiments conducted comply with the current laws of the United States of America. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 215 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s00442-009-1530-7 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 582RC UT WOS:000276615100021 PM 20020157 ER PT J AU Jin, VL Evans, RD AF Jin, Virginia L. Evans, R. D. TI Elevated CO2 increases plant uptake of organic and inorganic N in the desert shrub Larrea tridentata SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Mojave Desert; N-15; N uptake; Glycine; Growth chamber ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOREAL FOREST PLANTS; MOJAVE-DESERT; AMINO-ACID; NITROGEN ACQUISITION; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; ARCTIC PLANTS; FACE FACILITY; SOIL-C; GROWTH AB Resource limitations, such as the availability of soil nitrogen (N), are expected to constrain continued increases in plant productivity under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). One potential but under-studied N source for supporting increased plant growth under elevated CO2 is soil organic N. In arid ecosystems, there have been no studies examining plant organic N uptake to date. To assess the potential effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on plant N uptake dynamics, we quantified plant uptake of organic and inorganic N forms in the dominant desert shrub Larrea tridentata under controlled environmental conditions. Seedlings of L. tridentata were grown in the Mojave Desert (NV, USA) soils that had been continuously exposed to ambient or elevated atmospheric CO2 for 8 years at the Nevada Desert FACE Facility. After 6 months of growth in environmentally controlled chambers under ambient (380 mu mol mol(-1)) or elevated (600 mu mol mol(-1)) CO2, pots were injected with stable isotopically labeled sole-N sources (C-13-[2]-N-15 glycine, (NH4)-N-15 (+), or (NO3)-N-15 (-)) and moved back to their respective chambers for the remainder of the study. Plants were destructively harvested at 0, 2, 10, 24, and 49 days. Plant uptake of soil N derived from glycine, NH4 (+), and NO3 (-) increased under elevated CO2 at days 2 and 10. Further, root uptake of organic N as glycine occurred as intact amino acid within the first hour after N treatment, indicated by similar to 1:1 M enrichment ratios of C-13:N-15. Plant N uptake responses to elevated CO2 are often species-specific and could potentially shift competitive interactions between co-occurring species. Thus, physiological changes in root N uptake dynamics coupled with previously observed changes in the availability of soil N resources could impact plant community structure as well as ecosystem nutrient cycling under increasing atmospheric CO2 levels in the Mojave Desert. C1 [Jin, Virginia L.] ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. [Jin, Virginia L.; Evans, R. D.] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Jin, VL (reprint author), ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. EM Virginia.Jin@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB-0424979, NSF-MRI-0421478]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63651] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF-DEB-0424979, NSF-MRI-0421478 to RDE). Additional research and operational support was provided by the U. S. Department of Energy's Terrestrial Carbon Processes program (Award DE-FG02-03ER63651). The authors thank B. Harlow, A. Koyama, S. Schaeffer, J. Briggs, J. Schneider, and A. Cho for laboratory/field assistance, and R. Alldredge for statistical consulting. The research conducted here is in compliance with regulations set forth by Washington State University, the NDFF, and the U. S. Department of Energy. This manuscript was greatly improved by the excellent comments from Z. Cardon and three anonymous reviewers. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2010 VL 163 IS 1 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1562-z PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 582RC UT WOS:000276615100025 PM 20094733 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B. TI EXTRASKELETAL EFFECTS OF VITAMIN D SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis/10th European Congress on Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis CY MAY 05-08, 2010 CL Florence, ITALY C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 21 SU 1 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 591KN UT WOS:000277299400010 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B. TI NUTRITIONAL ASSOCIATION WITH BONE LOSS DURING THE MENOPAUSAL TRANSITION SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis/10th European Congress on Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis CY MAY 05-08, 2010 CL Florence, ITALY C1 [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 21 SU 1 BP 390 EP 390 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 591KN UT WOS:000277299400846 ER PT J AU Krutz, LJ Shaner, DL Weaver, MA Webb, RMT Zablotowicz, RM Reddy, KN Huang, YB Thomson, SJ AF Krutz, L. Jason Shaner, Dale L. Weaver, Mark A. Webb, Richard M. T. Zablotowicz, Robert M. Reddy, Krishna N. Huang, Yanbo Thomson, Steven J. TI Agronomic and environmental implications of enhanced s-triazine degradation SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE enhanced biodegradation; modeling; leaching; weed control; pesticide ID SP STRAIN ADP; ARTHROBACTER-AURESCENS TC1; ATRAZINE-DEGRADING BACTERIUM; PROBABLE-NUMBER ENUMERATION; JAPANESE RIVERBED SEDIMENT; FRENCH AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MAIZE RHIZOSPHERE SOIL; TEMPERATE HUMID ZONE; PSEUDOMONAS SP; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AB Novel catabolic pathways enabling rapid detoxification of s-triazine herbicides have been elucidated and detected at a growing number of locations. The genes responsible for s-triazine mineralization, i.e. atzABCDEF and trzNDF, occur in at least four bacterial phyla and are implicated in the development of enhanced degradation in agricultural soils from all continents except Antarctica. Enhanced degradation occurs in at least nine crops and six crop rotation systems that rely on s-triazine herbicides for weed control, and, with the exception of acidic soil conditions and s-triazine application frequency, adaptation of the microbial population is independent of soil physiochemical properties and cultural management practices. From an agronomic perspective, residual weed control could be reduced tenfold in s-triazine-adapted relative to non-adapted soils. From an environmental standpoint, the off-site loss of total s-triazine residues could be overestimated 13-fold in adapted soils if altered persistence estimates and metabolic pathways are not reflected in fate and transport models. Empirical models requiring soil pH and s-triazine use history as input parameters predict atrazine persistence more accurately than historical estimates, thereby allowing practitioners to adjust weed control strategies and model input values when warranted. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Krutz, L. Jason; Zablotowicz, Robert M.; Reddy, Krishna N.; Huang, Yanbo; Thomson, Steven J.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Shaner, Dale L.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Weaver, Mark A.] ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Webb, Richard M. T.] US Geol Survey, US Dept Interior, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Krutz, LJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM jason.krutz@ars.usda.gov OI Weaver, Mark/0000-0001-9020-7264; Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998; Shaner, Dale/0000-0003-4293-6133 NR 216 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 66 IS 5 BP 461 EP 481 DI 10.1002/ps.1909 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 586RN UT WOS:000276929800001 ER PT J AU Kinraide, TB Hagermann, AE AF Kinraide, Thomas B. Hagermann, Ann E. TI Interactive intoxicating and ameliorating effects of tannic acid, aluminum (Al3+), copper (Cu2+), and selenate (SeO42-) in wheat roots: a descriptive and mathematical assessment SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; CONDENSED TANNIN; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; TOXICITY; SOIL; ALLEVIATION; NITROGEN; CALCIUM; BINDING; CARBON AB Tannic acids and tannins are produced by plants and are important components of soil and water organic matter. These polyphenolic compounds form complexes with proteins, metals and soil particulate matter and perform several physiological and ecological functions. The tannic acid (TA) used in our study was a mixture of gallic acid and galloyl glucoses ranging up to nonagalloyl glucose. TA inhibited root elongation in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Scout 66) at concentrations >4 mg l(-1); but TA alleviated the toxicity of Al3+, Cu2+ and SeO42-; and Al3+ and SeO42- alleviated the toxicity of TA. The interactions of Al3+ and TA (each toxic but each alleviating the toxicity of the other) were stoichiometric. Growth was affected as though 1 kg TA bound 2.76 mol Al so strongly that if (mol Al)/(kg TA) <2.76, then free Al approximate to 0, and if (mol Al)/(kg TA) >2.76, then free TA approximate to 0. This stoichiometry is consistent with one mole of galloyl groups binding approximately 0.5 mol Al. Using this binding scheme, growth was modeled successfully on the basis of free TA and free Al. TA enhanced the negativity of root surfaces and enhanced the binding of Al and Cu there without enhancing their toxicity. These and other interactions among TA, Al3+, Cu2+, SeO42-, Ca2+, Na+ and H+ were quantified with a comprehensive non-linear equation with statistically significant coefficients. C1 [Kinraide, Thomas B.] ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. [Hagermann, Ann E.] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Kinraide, TB (reprint author), ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM tom.kinraide@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1 BP 68 EP 79 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01347.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 592ED UT WOS:000277357700006 PM 20059738 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Owens, RA Whitaker, BD Mock, NM Roberts, DP Deahl, KL Aver'yanov, AA AF Baker, C. Jacyn Owens, Robert A. Whitaker, Bruce D. Mock, Norton M. Roberts, Daniel P. Deahl, Kenneth L. Aver'yanov, Andrey A. TI Effect of viroid infection on the dynamics of phenolic metabolites in the apoplast of tomato leaves SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Phenolics; Tomato; Leaves; Leaf age; Secondary metabolites; Potato spindle tuber viroid; Rutin; Caffeic acid glucoside; Flavonoid ID GENTISIC ACID; HYDROXYCINNAMIC ACIDS; POTATO; FRUIT; RNA; TEMPERATURE; INDUCTION; EVOLUTION; QUALITY AB Plants are capable of producing a wide array of secondary metabolites that serve a variety of functions, due to their bioactive, redox or structural properties. Subtle changes in the external or internal environment of the plant can cause significant changes in the array of secondary metabolites present in the tissue. During the last 10 years the critical roles that these metabolites play both in plant development as well as plant defense against biological and abiotic stresses have begun to become more widely appreciated. Here we describe changes in apoplastic phenolics associated with systemic infections of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) as it spreads through inoculated tomato plants. Apoplast fluids from leaves at different distances from the infection site were examined by HPLC-UV over a 5 week period. The phenolic composition of apoplasts in healthy plants was highly dynamic and depended on leaf position as well as plant age. Differences in the apoplast composition of PSTVd infected plants were detected only in leaves in which the viroid was present and multiplied. In those leaves, apoplast phenolics that were similar to the control generally decreased although some increased compared to control plants. Another set of phenolics that were unique to the viroid infected plants appeared simultaneously with the onset of viroid replication and then disappeared. An important basic finding of this study is that the composition of apoplastic metabolites is dynamic, changing with time and leaf development. In addition we demonstrate that the secondary metabolites of the leaf apoplast respond to the presence of the viroid in the symplast of the cell. This study provides a basis for a more detailed investigation of the dynamics and identification of the apoplastic phenolics involved in the viroide-host interaction. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baker, C. Jacyn; Owens, Robert A.; Mock, Norton M.] USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Whitaker, Bruce D.] USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Roberts, Daniel P.] USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Deahl, Kenneth L.] USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Aver'yanov, Andrey A.] Res Inst Phytopathol, B Vyazemy 143050, Moscow Region, Russia. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Bldg 004 Rm 119, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jacyn.baker@ars.usda.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3-4 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.02.001 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 608AB UT WOS:000278548100004 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Lee, MW Rogers, EE Chen, JC AF Stenger, Drake C. Lee, Min Woo Rogers, Elizabeth E. Chen, Jianchi TI Plasmids of Xylella fastidiosa mulberry-infecting strains share extensive sequence identity and gene complement with pVEIS01 from the earthworm symbiont Verminephrobacter eiseniae SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Xylella fastidiosa; Plasmid; Type IV secretion; Plasmid addiction; incP-1 incompatibility group ID LEAF SCORCH DISEASE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PIERCES-DISEASE; TRANSFORMATION; DIVERSITY; TRFA; RK2 AB A similar to 25 kbp plasmid was present in each of four Californian strains of Xylella fastidiosa from mulberry affected with leaf scorch disease. Fragments of each plasmid were cloned into Escherichia coli, sequenced, and assembled into circular contigs of 25,105 bp (pXF-RIV11 and pXF-RIV16) or 24,372 bp (pXF-RIV19 and pXF-RIV25). The four plasmids shared >99.8% sequence identity, excluding a 732 bp insertion common to pXF-RIV11 and pXF-RIV16. BLAST searches identified seven regions (totaling 19,252 bp) sharing >= 75% nucleotide sequence identity with pVEIS01, a 31 kbp plasmid from the earthworm symbiont Vermineph-robacter eiseniae. Using pXF-RIV11 as a query in BLASTX searches, putative functions of plasmid-encoded open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. Fourteen ORFs were associated with DNA transfer (Type IV secretion), four with plasmid stability (plasmid toxin/anti-toxin addiction), one with protein export (Type II secretion), one with plasmid DNA replication initiation (trfA), and the remaining ORFs associated with other or unknown functions. The putative origin of DNA replication (oriV) was located adjacent to the trfA ORF and was similar in structure to that of plasmids belonging to the incP-1 incompatibility group. E. coli plasmids bearing fragments of pXF-RIV11 and the nptII gene as a selectable marker were tested for replication in X. fastidiosa strain Temecula1. Only fragments bearing oriV and trfA were competent for replication in X. fastidiosa. Collectively, these results indicate that mulberry strains of X. fastidiosa harbor plasmids encoding genes associated with DNA transfer and plasmid stability not previously identified on the chromosome of sequenced X. fastidiosa strains and that ancestors of distantly related bacterial species occupying different niches appear to have exchanged genetic material. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stenger, Drake C.; Lee, Min Woo; Rogers, Elizabeth E.; Chen, Jianchi] ARS, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM drake.stenger@ars.usda.gov; minwoo.lee@ars.usda.gov; elizabeth.rogers@ars.usda.gov; jianchi.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Rogers, Elizabeth/D-2087-2009 OI Rogers, Elizabeth/0000-0002-0545-4744 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3-4 BP 238 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.03.003 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 608AB UT WOS:000278548100007 ER PT J AU Cakir, C Tor, M AF Cakir, Cahid Tor, Mahmut TI Factors influencing Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus-mediated gene silencing in wheat SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV); Insert instability; Simultaneous gene silencing; Viral small RNAs; Virus induced gene silencing; Wheat ID ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE; SYSTEMIC MOVEMENT; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MONOCOT PLANT; RNA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; VECTOR; SUPPRESSION; PATHOGENESIS AB Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a technology that has been used primarily to target the virus genome in infected plants. However, if the virus genome carries inserts derived from the host plant, the system could be employed to target the mRNAs corresponding to the host gene. Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (BSMV), a disease of various cereals including barley and wheat, has been one of the successfully used viral RNA silencing tools in monocotyledonous plants for the last decade. In this study, we investigated several factors that play a significant role in VIGS. We tested the efficiency of silencing two genes simultaneously using the BSMV-induced gene silencing (IGS) system in detail. We found that two genes could be silenced simultaneously using BSMV-IGS. However, the silencing efficiency was found to be influenced by several factors including stability of the insert, temperature, and the accumulation of small viral RNAs from BSMV. The effect of these factors on VIGS system has been discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cakir, Cahid] ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Tor, Mahmut] Univ Warwick, Warwick HRI, Warwick CV35 9EF, England. RP Cakir, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM cahid.cakir@ars.usda.gov OI Tor, Mahmut/0000-0002-4416-5048 FU USDA-ARS in Scofield lab. FX We thank Steve Scofield and Jeff Velten for critically reading this manuscript. The work is supported by USDA-ARS in Scofield lab. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3-4 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.pmpp.2010.04.001 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 608AB UT WOS:000278548100008 ER PT J AU Kwak, YS Bakker, PAHM Glandorf, DCM Rice, JT Paulitz, TC Weller, DM AF Kwak, Youn-Sig Bakker, Peter A. H. M. Glandorf, Debora C. M. Rice, Jennifer T. Paulitz, Timothy C. Weller, David M. TI Isolation, Characterization, and Sensitivity to 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol of Isolates of Phialophora spp. from Washington Wheat Fields SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE take-all decline ID GRAMINIS VAR GRAMINIS; SP LOBED HYPHOPODIA; TAKE-ALL DISEASE; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; VAR TRITICI; VAR. TRITICI; IDENTIFICATION; COMPLEX AB Dark pigmented fungi of the Gaeumannomyces-Phialophora complex were isolated from the roots of wheat grown in fields in eastern Washington State. These fungi were identified as Phialophora spp. on the basis of morphological and genetic characteristics. The isolates produced lobed hyphopodia on wheat coleoptiles, phialides, and hyaline phialospores. Sequence comparison of internal transcribed spacer regions indicated that the Phialophora isolates were clearly separated from other Gaeumannomyces spp. Primers AV I and AV3 amplified 1.3-kb portions of an avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora isolates. Phylogenetic trees of the avenacinase-like gene in the Phialophora spp. also clearly separated them from other Gaeumannomyces spp. The Phialophora isolates were moderately virulent on wheat and barley and produced confined black lesions on the roots of wild oat and two oat cultivars. Among isolates tested for their sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), the 90% effective dose values were 11.9 to 48.2 mu g ml(-1). A representative Phialophora isolate reduced the severity of take-all on wheat caused by two different isolates of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of an avenacinase-like gene in Phialophora spp. and demonstrated that the fungus is significantly less sensitive to 2,4-DAPG than G. graminis var. tritici. C1 [Paulitz, Timothy C.; Weller, David M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kwak, Youn-Sig; Rice, Jennifer T.] Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Bakker, Peter A. H. M.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Biol, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. [Glandorf, Debora C. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, GMO Off, Expert Ctr Subst, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM wellerd@wsu.edu RI Bakker, Peter/B-9355-2011; Utrecht Univ., PMI/G-9549-2011; OI Paulitz, Timothy/0000-0002-8885-3803 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5 BP 404 EP 414 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-5-0404 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587XD UT WOS:000277028600001 PM 20373960 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Szabo, LJ Carson, M AF Jin, Yue Szabo, Les J. Carson, Martin TI Century-Old Mystery of Puccinia striiformis Life History Solved with the Identification of Berberis as an Alternate Host SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aecial host; life cycle ID RUST; MORPHOLOGY; CORONATA AB The life history of Puccinia striiformis remains a mystery because the alternate host has never been identified. Inoculation of grasses using aeciospores from naturally infected Berberis chinensis and B. koreana resulted in infection on Poa pratensis, producing uredinia typical of stripe rust caused by P striiformis. Analyses using real-time polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence confirmed the rust fungus as P striiformis. Pycnia and aecia were produced on B. chinensis, B. holstii, B. koreana, and B. vulgaris after inoculation using germinating telia of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. Wheat inoculated with aeciospores from B. chinensis resulted in uredinia, which demonstrated that Berberis spp. also serve as alternate hosts for the wheat stripe rust pathogen. The elucidation of the complete life history for P striiformis f. sp. tritici will provide a powerful tool to rapidly advance our knowledge of the genetics of this rust fungus, and will lead to the development of improved strategies for a better control of stripe rust. C1 [Jin, Yue; Szabo, Les J.; Carson, Martin] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM yue.jin@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 75 Z9 91 U1 7 U2 44 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5 BP 432 EP 435 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-5-0432 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587XD UT WOS:000277028600004 PM 20373963 ER PT J AU Shahbazi, H Aminian, H Sahebani, N Halterman, DA AF Shahbazi, Hadis Aminian, Heshmatollah Sahebani, Navazollah Halterman, Dennis A. TI Biochemical Evaluation of Resistance Responses of Potato to Different Isolates of Alternaria solani SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; host defense responses; plant peroxidase; plant phenolics ID EARLY BLIGHT RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; OXIDATIVE BURST; TOMATO; INDUCTION; DIVERSITY; CULTIVARS; INFECTION; PATHOGEN; YIELD AB The resistance phenotypes of nine potato cultivars to five isolates of Alternaria solani, causal agent of early blight, were studied after inoculation and growth under greenhouse conditions. We identified potato cultivars with both susceptible and resistant phenotypes as well as A. solani isolates with varying degrees of aggressiveness. Two potato cultivars and two pathogen isolates were selected for biochemical analysis of phenol production and peroxidase activity after inoculation. Phenol compounds were evaluated 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after inoculation, while peroxidase activities were monitored daily for 10 days. Native polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to identify one protein with peroxidase activity in extracts taken 6 days after inoculation. Significantly higher peroxidase activity as well as total phenol content in potato was correlated with resistance in the Iranian potato cultivar Diamond. Variability of responses within the same cultivar to different isolates of A. solani suggests genotypic diversity between isolates that results in phenotypic diversity for pathogen aggressiveness. C1 [Shahbazi, Hadis; Aminian, Heshmatollah; Sahebani, Navazollah] Univ Tehran, Dept Plant Protect, Tehran, Iran. [Halterman, Dennis A.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Shahbazi, H (reprint author), Univ Tehran, Dept Plant Protect, Aboryhan Campus,POB 33955-159, Tehran, Iran. EM sah.shahbazi@yahoo.com NR 34 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5 BP 454 EP 459 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-5-0454 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587XD UT WOS:000277028600007 PM 20373966 ER PT J AU Sun, XC Bockus, W Bai, GH AF Sun, Xiao-Chun Bockus, William Bai, Guihua TI Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Race 1 in a Chinese Wheat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TAN SPOT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; MENDELIAN INHERITANCE; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; CAUSAL AGENT; SPRING WHEAT; AESTIVUM L.; DURUM-WHEAT AB Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is an economically important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Eight races of the pathogen have been characterized on the basis of their ability to cause necrosis or chlorosis in a set of differential wheat lines. Race I produces two host-selective toxins, Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxC, that induce necrosis and chlorosis, respectively, on leaves of sensitive wheat genotypes. A population of recombinant inbred lines was developed from a cross between Chinese landrace Wangshuibai (resistant) and Chinese breeding line Ning7840 (highly susceptible) to identify chromosome regions harboring quantitative trait loci (QTL) or genes for tan spot resistance. Plants were inoculated at the four-leaf stage in a greenhouse and percent leaf area diseased was scored 7 days after inoculation. Two QTL for resistance to race 1 were mapped to the short arms of chromosomes 1A and 2B in the population. The QTL on IAS, designated as QTs.ksu-JAS, showed a major effect and accounted for 39% of the phenotypic variation; the QTL on 2BS, designated as QTs.ksu-2BS, explained 4% of the phenotypic variation for resistance. A toxin infiltration experiment demonstrated that both parents were insensitive to Ptr ToxA, suggesting that the population was most likely segregating for reaction to chlorosis, not necrosis. The markers closely linked to the QTL should be useful for marker-assisted selection in wheat-breeding programs. C1 [Bai, Guihua] Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sun, Xiao-Chun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Bockus, William] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov RI Sun, Xiaochun/J-8596-2014 OI Sun, Xiaochun/0000-0001-5395-2580 FU National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-55606-16629] FX Research was partly funded by the National Research Initiative of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural Project grant number 2006-55606-16629. This is contribution 10-07-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5 BP 468 EP 473 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-5-0468 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587XD UT WOS:000277028600009 PM 20373968 ER PT J AU Jackson, EW Obert, DE Avant, JB Harrison, SA Chong, J Carson, ML Bonman, JM AF Jackson, E. W. Obert, D. E. Avant, J. B. Harrison, S. A. Chong, J. Carson, M. L. Bonman, J. M. TI Quantitative Trait Loci in the Ogle/TAM O-301 Oat Mapping Population Controlling Resistance to Puccinia coronata in the Field SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP AVENAE; CROWN RUST; CULTIVATED OAT; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; SATIVA L.; VIRULENCE; CANADA; MARKERS; QTLS; MAP AB Crown rust is the most damaging disease of cultivated oat (Aveiro saliva) and genetic resistance is the primary means of controlling the disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) with major and minor effects have been identified in Ogle 1040 and TAM O-301 (most notably, Pc58 and PcNQMG/LGCG from TAM O-301 and OT-27 from Ogle1040) through single-isolate greenhouse and field tests. To map loci and determine the effectiveness of previously identified QTL against naturally occurring pathogen populations in highly disease-conducive environments, the Ogle/TAM O-301 (OT) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was grown in Texas and Louisiana over 2 years and in Manitoba, Canada. The genetic region characterized by the Pc58 resistance gene complex, particularly Pc58a, accounted for most of the diseased leaf area (DLA) and infection type (IT) variance in all five experiments. Additionally, the genetic region characterized by PcNQMG/LGCG accounted for a portion of the IT variance in three experiments. Although no QTL was detected on OT-27 in this study, all the markers on this linkage group were associated (P < 0.0001) with reducing both IT and DLA using single-marker analysis. Screening with 25 Puccinia coronata isolates from six different states indicated that Pc58abc and Pc58a were highly effective, while characterization using F(2) populations derived from OT RILs containing the two main genetic regions responsible for crown rust resistance in TAM O-301 (Pc58 and PcNQMG/LGCG) and a minor QTL in Ogle (OT-27) indicated that Pc58a. in combination with a locus in Ogle 1040. provided high levels of resistance to natural races in Texas. This study provides new information and key loci in OT mapping population and may be useful for effective control of crown rust in North America. C1 [Jackson, E. W.; Obert, D. E.; Avant, J. B.; Bonman, J. M.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Harrison, S. A.] Louisiana State Univ, LSU Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Chong, J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Carson, M. L.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jackson, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Eric.Jackson@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5 BP 484 EP 492 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-5-0484 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587XD UT WOS:000277028600011 PM 20373970 ER PT J AU Acevedo, M Jackson, EW Chong, J Rines, HW Harrison, S Bonman, JM AF Acevedo, M. Jackson, E. W. Chong, J. Rines, H. W. Harrison, S. Bonman, J. M. TI Identification and Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci for Partial Resistance to Crown Rust in Oat SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID F-SP AVENAE; PUCCINIA-CORONATA-AVENAE; CULTIVATED OAT; SATIVA L.; DNA; INHERITANCE; ACCESSIONS; VIRULENCE; RESPONSES; CANADA AB Management of oat crown rust disease with host resistance is challenging because major gene resistance is generally short lived. Partially resistant oat cultivars could benefit oat growers by providing more durable resistance. The objective of this study was to validate and discover quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting crown rust resistance in the partially resistant oat line MN841801-1 using conventional and molecular assessments of disease produced in single-race greenhouse inoculations, single-race polycyclic field tests, and under natural infection in disease-conducive environments. Crown rust was assessed on 150 F-6:9 MN841801-1/'Noble-2' recombinant inbred lines. In total, eight QTL associated with MN841801-1 alleles were detected. Of these, seven matched QTL previously identified while a new QTL (Prq8) was detected on linkage group MN 13. Four QTL (Prq1a, Prq2, Prq7, and Prq8) were consistently detected and predicative genetic assays for these QTL should be developed for future validation in additional genetic backgrounds. C1 [Acevedo, M.; Jackson, E. W.; Bonman, J. M.] USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. [Chong, J.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. [Rines, H. W.] Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Harrison, S.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Plant Environm & Soil Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Acevedo, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Grains & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S 2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM Maricelis.Acevedo@ars.usda.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X EI 1943-7684 J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAY PY 2010 VL 100 IS 5 BP 511 EP 521 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-100-5-0511 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 587XD UT WOS:000277028600014 PM 20373973 ER PT J AU Keyser, JD Kaiser, DA AF Keyser, James D. Kaiser, David A. TI Getting the Point: Metal Weapons in Plains Rock Art SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE projectile points; rock art; Protohistoric period ID LEXICON AB Metal projectile points were the earliest non-native made weapons to enter the Plains and would likely have caused significant changes in Protohistoric period warfare. Despite this there has been little effort to identify) and study these artifacts in Plains rock art, even though it is almost our only archaeological record of warfare from this period. Recent research at Bear Gulch and Atherton Canyon, located in central Montana, has identified a number of metal projectile points used by shield bearing warriors. Described and discussed along with about 30 other examples from rock art sites across the region, these points provide significant insight into the introduction and earliest use of metal tools on the Plains. C1 [Keyser, James D.] US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM jkeyser@fs.fed.us; albion2000@netzero.net NR 103 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 3201 SOUTH STREET, PO BOX 152, LINCOLN, NE 68506-3266 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 55 IS 214 BP 111 EP 132 PG 22 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 813OG UT WOS:000294376200002 ER PT J AU Shaff, JE Schultz, BA Craft, EJ Clark, RT Kochian, LV AF Shaff, Jon E. Schultz, Benjamin A. Craft, Eric J. Clark, Randy T. Kochian, Leon V. TI GEOCHEM-EZ: a chemical speciation program with greater power and flexibility SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Chemical speciation; Nutrient solution; Computer software; Plant nutrition; Ion activity ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; RICE; TRANSPORT; TOXICITY; SYSTEM; MODEL; IRON; ZINC; ZN AB GEOCHEM-EZ is a multi-functional chemical speciation program, designed to replace GEOCHEM-PC, which can only be used on DOS consoles. Chemical speciation programs, such as GEOCHEM and GEOCHEM-PC, have been excellent tools for scientists designing appropriate solutions for their experiments. GEOCHEM-PC is widely used in plant nutrition and soil and environmental chemistry research to perform equilibrium speciation computations, allowing the user to estimate solution ion activities and to consider simple complexes and solid phases. As helpful as GEOCHEM-PC has been to scientists, the consensus was that the program was not very user friendly, was difficult to learn and to troubleshoot, and suffered from several functional weaknesses. To enhance the usability and to address the problems found in GEOCHEM-PC, we upgraded the program with a Java graphical interface, added Help files, and improved its power and function, allowing it to run on any computer that supports Windows XP, Vista or Windows 7. C1 [Shaff, Jon E.; Schultz, Benjamin A.; Craft, Eric J.; Clark, Randy T.; Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Shaff, Jon E.; Schultz, Benjamin A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Clark, Randy T.] Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Shaff, JE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM jes8@cornell.edu OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 21 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2010 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 207 EP 214 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0193-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 577OT UT WOS:000276234200018 ER PT J AU Welsh, AK Burke, DJ Hamerlynck, EP Hahn, D AF Welsh, Allana K. Burke, David J. Hamerlynck, Erik P. Hahn, Dittmar TI Seasonal analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizae, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and growth performance of the salt marsh grass Spartina patens SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Photosynthesis; Mycorrhizae; Nitrogen; Salt marsh; Spartina patens ID DIAZOTROPH ASSEMBLAGE COMPOSITION; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; NIFH GENE POOLS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; POSITIVE INTERACTIONS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PLANT COMMUNITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA AB Seasonal variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in roots of the high salt marsh plant Spartina patens, the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere and plant growth performance was studied at key stages of the growing season coinciding with major plant phenological stages, i.e., vegetative growth, reproduction and senescence. AMF colonization was highest during vegetative growth, with values declining during the growing season to the same level seen at plant dormancy. AMF colonization was reduced at lower depths in the sediments where anoxic conditions were observed and in plants treated with the systemic fungicide Benomyl. Only small changes in diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in general and more specifically of those belonging to the epsilon-subdivision of Proteobacteria were detected during the season or between treatments by PCR-RFLP of nifH gene fragments with DNA as template for amplification; however, greater seasonal changes were displayed when cDNA was used as template for amplification as a proxy for gene expression and thus active bacteria. DGGE analyses of nifH gene fragments representing nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the epsilon-subdivision of Proteobacteria using both using DNA and cDNA as template showed highly diverse profiles that changed during the season and in response to treatment. Seasonal changes were observed for a suite of plant growth attributes and differences were observed between treatments, with higher values generally obtained on non-treated plants compared to Benomyl-treated plants. These differences were most pronounced during vegetative growth; however, differences between non-treated and Benomyl-treated plants were reduced seasonally and disappeared by the onset of senescence. This study demonstrates seasonal changes in AMF colonization on S. patens and in the community structure of nitrogen-fixing members of the epsilon-subdivision of Proteobacteria in the plant root zone. Plant growth performance changed seasonally with some effects of Benomyl-treatment. C1 [Welsh, Allana K.; Hahn, Dittmar] Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Burke, David J.] Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, OH 44094 USA. [Hamerlynck, Erik P.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Hahn, D (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM dh49@txstate.edu FU New Jersey Institute of Technology [421230]; Hudson River Foundation; National Science Foundation [GK-12, 0742306] FX These studies were supported, in part, by the New Jersey Institute of Technology under Grant No 421230, a Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship of the Hudson River Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (GK-12 grant No. 0742306). NR 96 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2010 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0197-5 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 577OT UT WOS:000276234200022 ER PT J AU Regvar, M Likar, M Piltaver, A Kugoni, N Smith, JE AF Regvar, Marjana Likar, Matevz Piltaver, Andrej Kugoni, Nives Smith, Jane E. TI Fungal community structure under goat willows (Salix caprea L.) growing at metal polluted site: the potential of screening in a model phytostabilisation study SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Fungal endophytes; Heavy metal pollution; ITS rRNA; Mycorrhiza; Photosynthesis; Salix ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; HEAVY-METAL; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; GLACIER FOREFRONT; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; SUILLUS-LUTEUS; TOXIC METALS; COLONIZATION; TOLERANCE; SEEDLINGS AB Goat willow (Salix caprea L.) was selected in a previous vegetation screening study as a potential candidate for the later-stage phytostabilisation efforts at a heavily metal polluted site in Slovenia. The aims of this study were to identify the fungi colonising roots of S. caprea along the gradient of vegetation succession and to estimate their colonisation levels in relation to metal pollution in order to reveal its mycorrhizal status at the site. Additionally the metal accumulation capacity of S. caprea and photosynthetic pigments were analysed as indications of its fitness at four differentially polluted plots. Despite high concentrations of leaf accumulated Cd, no significant differences in photosynthetic pigment concentrations were observed. The roots were colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, and dark septate endophytes (DSE), with EM as the dominant type on all the plots. Molecular characterisation showed poor correlation of the root EM community with the above-ground sporocarp diversity. Members of Sordariaceae were the most frequent colonisers with an average colonisation of 21% of all root tips, followed by Thelephoraceae with 10%. DSE colonisation increased with increasing Pb concentrations and decreasing organic matter (OM). C1 [Regvar, Marjana; Likar, Matevz] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Piltaver, Andrej] Inst Systemat Higher Fungi, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Kugoni, Nives] ERICO Velenje, SI-3322 Velenje, Slovenia. [Smith, Jane E.] USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Regvar, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, Vecna Pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM marjana.regvar@bf.uni-lj.si FU USDA-SLO [MSZS 3411-99-71-0026, MSZS L1-5146-0481-03, MSZS PO-0522-0481-03] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Thomas Horton and Ms. Donaraye McKay for their help with molecular work and valuable suggestions. The work was supported by USDA-SLO grant MSZS 3411-99-71-0026 Symbiotic interactions of plants and fungi on polluted sites in Zerjav; MSZS L1-5146-0481-03 Tolerance of organisms in stressed ecosystems and the potential for phytoremediation with sponsors MPI, Mezica Mine and Mobitel d. d.; MSZS PO-0522-0481-03 Ecology and environmental protection; COST 8.38 Managing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improving Soil Quality and Plant Health in Agriculture. NR 59 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2010 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 345 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0207-7 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 577OT UT WOS:000276234200029 ER PT J AU Maul, J Drinkwater, L AF Maul, Jude Drinkwater, Laurie TI Short-term plant species impact on microbial community structure in soils with long-term agricultural history SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Microbial community composition; Plant legacy; Plant trait; Root surface area; Soil ecology; Cover crop; Agroecosystem ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; LAND-USE HISTORY; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; MICROORGANISMS; CARBON; BIOGEOGRAPHY; CULTIVATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The goal of our study was to capture the short-term effects of individual plant species on an established microbial community in a soil with a well-defined agricultural history. Using biochemical and molecular techniques we quantified the effects of plant species on changes in the soil microbial community over an 8-week time-course. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using field soil from a site that was managed as a Zea mays monoculture for over 50 years. The conditioned soil provided a baseline from which changes in microbial community composition through the effects of newly introduced plants could be determined. Within a short time frame (8 weeks), introduced plants influenced the soil microbial community in ways unique to each plant. Some species (Fagopyrm esculentum and xTriticosecale spp.) resulted in an increase of total microbial community richness, diversity and the stimulation of new microbial species not associated with the legacy vegetation. Other plants (Vicia villosa and Lolium multiflorum) tended to reduce community diversity. We suggest root surface area is good general predictor of rhizosphere microbial community diversity, but in some cases other plant traits may have dominant influence on plant-induced changes in microbial community composition. C1 [Maul, Jude] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Drinkwater, Laurie] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Maul, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jude.maul@ars.usda.gov NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2010 VL 330 IS 1-2 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1007/s11104-009-0211-y PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 577OT UT WOS:000276234200031 ER PT J AU Hanson, LE AF Hanson, L. E. TI Interaction of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizopus stolonifer Causing Root Rot of Sugar Beet SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CROWN-ROT; INTEGRATED CONTROL; SUSCEPTIBILITY; RESISTANCE; DISEASES; PATHOGENICITY; MANAGEMENT; BACTERIA; ARRHIZUS; ROTATION AB In recent years, growers in Michigan and other sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) production mean of the United States have reported increasing incidence of root rot with little or no crown or foliar symptoms in sugar beet with Rhizoctonia crown and root rot In addition, Rhizoctonia-resistant beets have been reported with higher levels of disease than expected In examining beets with Rhizoctonia root rot in Michigan. over 50% of sampled roots had a second potential root rot pathogen, Rhizopus stolonifer Growing conditions generally were not conducive to disease production by this pathogen alone, so we investigated the potential for interaction between these two pathogens In greenhouse tests. four of live sugar beet varieties had more severe root rot symptoms when inoculated with both pathogens than when inoculated with either pathogen alone This synergism occurred under conditions that were not conducive to disease production by R stolonifer Host resistance to Rhizoctonia crown and root rot reduced diseases severity. but was insufficient to control the disease when both pathogens were present This raises concerns about correct disease diagnosis and management practices and indicates that a root rot complex may be important on sugar beet in Michigan C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hanson, LE (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugar Beet & Bean Res Unit, 494 PSSB, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 504 EP 509 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0504 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700002 ER PT J AU Paret, ML Cabos, R Kratky, BA Alvarez, AM AF Paret, Mathews L. Cabos, Roxana Kratky, B. A. Alvarez, Anne M. TI Effect of Plant Essential Oils on Ralstonia solanacearum Race 4 and Bacterial Wilt of Edible Ginger SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DENSITY; FIELD CONDITIONS; ROOT-KNOT; TOMATO; COMPONENTS; HAWAII AB Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martint), lemongrass (C citratus). and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) this were investigated for their effects on Ralstonia solanacearum race 4 and then potential use as biofumigants for reducing bacterial wilt disease of edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) Three concentrations of the oils (0.04, 0.07, and 0.14% vol/vol) were evaluated by culture amendment assays, epifluorescence microscopy, and studies in potting medium In culture amendment assays with palmarosa and lemongrass oils at 0.04%. both oils significantly reduced the growth of the bacterium compared with the control. and at 0.07 and 0.14% they showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth Epifluorescence microscopie observation; showed cell deterioration in 95 to 100% of the cells at all concentrations of palmarosa and lemongrass indicating its bactericidal properties Eucalyptus oil treatments at 0.04 and 0.07, had bacterio-static effects on the cells The pathogen was not detected in R solanacearum-infested potting medium after treatment with palmarosa and lemongrass oils at 0.07 and 0.14% in any of the experiments Bacterial wilt incidence on edible ginger was significantly reduced when planted in essential oil-treated potting medium None of the essential oil treatments reduced the growth or yield of edible ginger grown for 180 days in 5-liter pots C1 [Alvarez, Anne M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, PEPS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kratky, B. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cabos, Roxana] ARS, USDA, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Paret, Mathews L.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci PEPS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Alvarez, AM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, PEPS, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. FU USDA Special Grants program for Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural Research [2004-34135-15191]; USDA-ARS/Minor Crops Research [59-5320-1-525] FX We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of Tina Carvalho at the University of Hawaii, Biological Election Microscope Facility The project was partially funded by USDA Special Grants program for Tropical and Subtropical Agricultural Research (Award No 2004-34135-15191) and USDA-ARS/Minor Crops Research (Award No 59-5320-1-525) NR 25 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 521 EP 527 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0521 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700005 ER PT J AU Damsteegt, VD Postnikova, EN Stone, AL Kuhlmann, M Wilson, C Sechler, A Schaad, NW Brlansky, RH Schneider, WL AF Damsteegt, V. D. Postnikova, E. N. Stone, A. L. Kuhlmann, M. Wilson, C. Sechler, A. Schaad, N. W. Brlansky, R. H. Schneider, W. L. TI Murraya paniculata and Related Species as Potential Hosts and Inoculum Reservoirs of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', Causal Agent of Huanglongbing SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CITRUS GREENING DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; AMERICANUS; 1ST-REPORT AB Huanglongbing (HLB), considered to be the most serious insect-vectored bacterial disease of citrus is transmitted in nature by the Asian citrus psyllid Dtaphorina citri and the At man citrus Trioza erytreae D citri was discovered in southern Florida in 1998 and the HLB disease in 2005 Both have become established throughout citrus-producing areas of Florida Murraya species are widely grown in southern Florida as ornamental hedges and are readily colonized by D citri vectors Colonies of D citri. isolates of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' from Taiwan and Florida. and the Murraya species were established in the BSL-3 biosecurity facility at Fort Detrick In controlled inoculation experiments. D citri transmitted 'Ca L asiaticus' into M paniculata (34/36 plants) and M exotica (22/23 plants), but not into Bergera (Murraya) koenign Disease symptoms rarely developed in Murraya plants. however positive infections were determined by conventional and real-tine polymerase chain reaction (PC R) Back-inoculations of 'Ca L asiaticus' front M paniculata to Madam Vinous sweet orange resulted in disease development in 25% of the inoculated plants Considerable variability was observed in infection rates, titer, and persistence of 'Ca L asiaticus' in infected Murraya C1 [Damsteegt, V. D.; Postnikova, E. N.; Stone, A. L.; Sechler, A.; Schaad, N. W.; Schneider, W. L.] ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Kuhlmann, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wilson, C.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Brlansky, R. H.] UFL, IFAS, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Damsteegt, VD (reprint author), ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, USDA, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 528 EP 533 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0528 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700006 ER PT J AU Lewandowski, DJ Hayes, AJ Adkins, S AF Lewandowski, Dennis J. Hayes, Amanda J. Adkins, Scott TI Surprising Results from a Search for Effective Disinfectants for Tobacco mosaic virus-Contaminated Tools SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED PETUNIA; POWDERY MILDEW; ZUCCHINI SQUASH; TOBAMOVIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FLORIDA; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; INACTIVATION; MANAGEMENT AB Over 100 years after its discovery, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) remains an economically important pathogen for producers of many vegetatively propagated crops including petunias (Petunia x hybrida) To directly address this concern, we have developed a robust system to determine efficacy of disinfectants for treating TMV-contaminated cutting tools using a combination of preliminary screens and replicated trials Contrary to widely held beliefs, wild-type (wt) TMV and four additional tobamovirus species infected four petunia cultivars without producing obvious viral symptoms In contrast, a petunia isolate of TMV with 99 0% (nucleotide) and 99 4% (amino acid) coat protein sequence identity to wt TMV produced symptoms on all but one tested cultivar We also show that TMV transmission can occur up to the twentieth petunia plant cut following a single cutting event on a TMV-infected plant Although many new products are now available, treatment of TMV-contaminated tools with a 20% (wt/vol) solution of nonfat dry milk (NFDM) plus 0 1% Tween 20 or a 1 10 dilution of household bleach (0 6% sodium hypochlorite), two "old standbys". completely eliminated TMV transmission to petunias Treatment of contaminated tools with 1% (wt/vol) Vitkon S or 20% NFDM also significantly reduced the incidence of infected petunias Other treatments identified in the preliminary screens are candidates for the second phase of screening that simulates contamination during the process of taking cuttings C1 [Lewandowski, Dennis J.; Hayes, Amanda J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Adkins, Scott] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Lewandowski, DJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU Ohio State University; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Fred C Gloeckner Foundation, Inc; USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative FX Salaries and research support were provided by state and federal funds appropriated to The Ohio State University. Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, the Fred C Gloeckner Foundation. Inc and the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative We thank EuroAmerican Propagators. Proven Winners. Dummen USA. and Timbuk II Farms for supplying plant material Syngenta. Ball Horticultural Company and BTO Solutions for supplying disinfectant materials. EuroAmerican Propagators for providing used, grower-standard clippers. and Agdia. Inc for supplying TMV ELISA testing reagents We also thank Landon H Rhodes and Alissa Kriss lot assistance with statistical analysis, Carrie Vanderspool. Nicole Miller, Jeff Smith, Reid Lewis. and Lynn Faulknei for excellent technical assistance. and Mike Tiffany. Margery Daughtrey. Darryl Thomas, Mike Klopmeyer. Petra de Roan, Ann Chase. John Bambara. Bob Starnes, Fred Ceballos Dennis Crum, Dcke Jackson, John Gaydos, and P Allen Hammer for advice NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 542 EP 550 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0542 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700008 ER PT J AU Brooks, SA Anders, MM Yeater, KM AF Brooks, Steven A. Anders, Merle M. Yeater, Kathleen M. TI Effect of Furrow Irrigation on the Severity of False Smut in Susceptible Rice Varieties SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID KERNEL SMUT AB False smut (Ustrlaginoidea virens) is an important emerging disease of rice (Oryza saliva) in the southern United States, where all major rice cultivars and hybrids are susceptible to the disease False smut susceptibility was evaluated in traditional paddy-rice fields and under furrow-irrigated conditions to determine the effects of alternative agricultural practices on the severity of this disease Highly effective false smut suppression was observed in furrow-irrigated rice. where the disease was nearly eliminated in susceptible rice entries False smut suppression was observed for two hybrids and one conventional rice cultivar, demonstrating that suppression was not limited to specific germplasm sources Kernel smut severity was also monitored, but no effect on this disease was observed from the irrigation treatments Therefore, suppression of disease severity in nonflooded rice appears to be a phenomenon unique to the rice false smut pathosystem, which can be exploited to achieve effective field resistance to this disease C1 [Brooks, Steven A.] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Anders, Merle M.] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen M.] USDA ARS SPA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Brooks, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. FU RiceTec, Inc FX The authors would like to recognize the contributions of the following people to this project Aaron Jackson. Fleet Lee, Danny McCarty. Anna McClung. Gordon Miller. Tara Moss Brian Ottis. Terry Sells James Stroike. and Kazuyo Ueda We also extend our thanks to RiceTec, Inc for providing seed and financial support for this project NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 570 EP 574 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0570 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700012 ER PT J AU Johnson, KB Mahaffee, WF AF Johnson, K. B. Mahaffee, W. F. TI Factors Influencing Epidemiology and Management of Blackberry Rust in Cultivated Rubus laciniatus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; PHRAGMIDIUM-VIOLACEUM; EUROPEAN BLACKBERRY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS; ROSACEAE AB The blackberry rust pathogen Phragmidium vtolaceum was first observed in Oregon in spring 2005 on both commercially cultivated Rubus lacintatus (Evergreen blackberry) and naturalized R armeniacus (Himalayan blackberry) Several commercial plantings suffered severe economic losses. In 2006 to 2008. all five spore stages of this autoecious, macrocyclic rust pathogen were observed annually, and asexual perennation of the pathogen on old leaves or in leaf buds was not evident in the disease cycle In field experiments. teliospore germination and infection by basidiospores occurred mostly during April On potted "trap" plants exposed for periods of 1 week under dense collections of dead leaves bearing teliospores, basidiospore infection was associated with wetness durations of >16 h with mean temperatures >8 degrees C Trap plants placed under the bundles of collected leaves frequently developed spermagoma. whereas only 1 of 630 trap plants placed in a production field of R lacintatus became diseased. an indication that the effective dispersal distance of basidiospores may be limited In growth chambers programmed for constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees C. a minimum of six continuous hours of leaf wetness was required for infection by urediniospores, with >9 it required for moderate infection (>4 pustules/cm(2)) at 15 and 20 degrees C With diurnal temperature regimes averaging 5, 10, 15, 20, or 25 degrees C. urediniospore germination and infection was highest in the range of 5 to 15 degrees C, similarly. in the diurnal environment. >9 h of leaf wetness was required to attain moderate infection In the field time sulfur applied as a delayed dormant treatment significantly suppressed teliospore and basidiospore infection Over two seasons, one application of myclobutanil, a demethylation-inhibitor fungicide. applied in catty May near the time of spermagonial appearance provided effective suppression of the summer epidemic C1 [Johnson, K. B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Mahaffee, W. F.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Johnson, KB (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) [58-5358-5-793, 5358-22000-034-00] FX Funding was provided by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-5358-5-793, which was awarded through the Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research and USDA-ARS CRIS 5358-22000-034-00 We thank T Sawyer. K Moukalled, and Neill for technical assistance. G Koskela, J DeFranceso, and the field staff of the North Willamette Agricultural Research and Extension Center for the use and maintenance of the experimental blackberry planting. and J Pscheidt for providing wetness-duration data collected at the Botany and Plant Pathology Field Laboratory near Corvallis NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0581 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700014 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA AF Kolmer, J. A. TI Genetics of Leaf Rust Resistance in the Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivars Coker 9663 and Pioneer 26R61 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; UNITED-STATES; SPRING WHEAT; REGION AB Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of soft red winter wheat cultivars that are grown in the southern and eastern United States. The objectives of this study were to identify the leaf rust resistance genes in two soft red winter wheat cultivars, Coker 9663 and Pioneer 26R61, that have been widely grown and were initially highly resistant to leaf rust. Both cultivars were crossed with the leaf-rust-susceptible spring wheat cv. Thatcher and the F(1) plants were crossed to Thatcher to obtain backcross (BC(1))F(2) families. In seedlings, the Thatcher/Coker 9663 BC(1)F(2) families segregated for three independent seedling resistance genes when tested with different leaf rust isolates. The leaf rust infection types of selected BC(1)F(3) lines, when tested with different leaf rust isolates, indicated that seedling resistance genes Lr9, Lr10, and Lr14a were present. In field plot tests, BC(1)F(4) lines that were seedling susceptible had some adult plant resistance to leaf rust. Seedlings of the Thatcher/Pioneer 26R61 BC(1)F(2) families segregated for two independent resistance genes. Infection types of selected BC(1)F(3) lines indicated the presence of Lr14b and Lr26. The adult plant gene Lr13 was determined to be present in selected BC(1)F(4) lines that were tested with different leaf rust isolates in greenhouse tests. C1 USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 628 EP 632 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0628 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700020 ER PT J AU Riggins, JJ Hughes, M Smith, JA Mayfield, AE Layton, B Balbalian, C Campbell, R AF Riggins, J. J. Hughes, M. Smith, J. A. Mayfield, A. E., III Layton, B. Balbalian, C. Campbell, R. TI First Occurrence of Laurel Wilt Disease Caused by Raffaelea lauricola on Redbay Trees in Mississippi. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID LAURACEAE; SYMBIONT C1 [Riggins, J. J.; Layton, B.; Balbalian, C.; Campbell, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hughes, M.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Smith, J. A.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Mayfield, A. E., III] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Riggins, JJ (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 634 EP 635 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0634C PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700026 ER PT J AU Munyaneza, JE Fisher, TW Sengoda, VG Garczynski, SF Nissinen, A Lemmetty, A AF Munyaneza, J. E. Fisher, T. W. Sengoda, V. G. Garczynski, S. F. Nissinen, A. Lemmetty, A. TI First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" Associated with Psyllid-Affected Carrots in Europe. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item ID TRIOZA-APICALIS C1 [Munyaneza, J. E.; Fisher, T. W.; Sengoda, V. G.; Garczynski, S. F.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Nissinen, A.; Lemmetty, A.] MTT Agrifood Res Finland, Plant Protect, FI-36100 Jokiomen, Finland. RP Munyaneza, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 4 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 639 EP 639 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0639A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700037 ER PT J AU Liu, HY Mou, B Richardson, K Koike, ST AF Liu, H. -Y Mou, B. Richardson, K. Koike, S. T. TI First Report of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Infecting Spinach in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Liu, H. -Y; Mou, B.; Richardson, K.] USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA 93901 USA. RP Liu, HY (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 94 IS 5 BP 640 EP 640 DI 10.1094/PDIS-94-5-0640A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585ER UT WOS:000276807700039 ER PT J AU Chao, WS Anderson, JV AF Chao, Wun S. Anderson, James V. TI Plant dormancy, a mechanism involving assorted molecular, physiological, and cellular processes SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chao, Wun S.; Anderson, James V.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM wun.chao@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s11103-010-9627-2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 580IH UT WOS:000276440900001 PM 20333443 ER PT J AU Gu, XY Liu, TL Feng, JH Suttle, JC Gibbons, J AF Gu, Xing-You Liu, Tianlei Feng, Jiuhuan Suttle, Jeffrey C. Gibbons, James TI The qSD12 underlying gene promotes abscisic acid accumulation in early developing seeds to induce primary dormancy in rice SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Seed dormancy; Quantitative trait locus; Fine mapping; Abscisic acid; Rice ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; ORYZA-SATIVA; BACKCROSS POPULATION; ARABIDOPSIS; GERMINATION; WEEDY; RUFIPOGON; SELECTION; GENOME; YIELD AB Seeds acquire primary dormancy during their development and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is known to play a role in inducing the dormancy. qSD12 is a major seed dormancy quantitative trait locus (QTL) identified from weedy rice. This research was conducted to identify qSD12 candidate genes, isolate the candidates from weedy rice, and determine the relation of the dormancy gene to ABA. A fine mapping experiment, followed by marker-assisted progeny testing for selected recombinants, narrowed down qSD12 to a genomic region of < 75 kb, where there are nine predicted genes including a cluster of six transposon/retrotransposon protein genes and three putative (a PIL5, a hypothetic protein, and a bHLH transcription factor) genes based on the annotated Nipponbare genome sequence. The PIL5 and bHLH genes are more likely to be the QTL candidate genes. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library equivalent to 8-9 times of the haploid genome size was constructed for the weedy rice. One of the two BAC contigs developed from the library covers the PIL5 to bHLH interval. A pair of lines different only in the QTL-containing region of < 200 kb was developed as isogenic lines for the qSD12 dormancy and non-dormancy alleles. The dormant line accumulated much higher ABA in 10-day developing seeds than the non-dormant line. In the QTL-containing region there is no predicted gene that has been assigned to ABA biosynthetic or metabolic pathways. Thus, it is concluded that the qSD12 underlying gene promotes ABA accumulation in early developing seeds to induce primary seed dormancy. C1 [Gu, Xing-You; Liu, Tianlei; Feng, Jiuhuan] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Suttle, Jeffrey C.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Gibbons, James] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Gu, XY (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Xingyou.gu@sdstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [0641376]; South Dakota Agriculture Extension Station [SD00H171-06IHG]; United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [SD00074-G] FX We thank B. Carsrud, Y. Wang and E. Castaneda for technical support and Dr. Carter for help with BAC library screening. Funding for this research was supported by grants from National Science Foundation (0641376) and in part from South Dakota Agriculture Extension Station (SD00H171-06IHG) and United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (SD00074-G). NR 30 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s11103-009-9555-1 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 580IH UT WOS:000276440900009 PM 19823935 ER PT J AU Foley, ME Anderson, JV Chao, WS Dogramaci, M Horvath, DP AF Foley, Michael E. Anderson, James V. Chao, Wun S. Dogramaci, Muenevver Horvath, David P. TI Initial changes in the transcriptome of Euphorbia esula seeds induced to germinate with a combination of constant and diurnal alternating temperatures SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dormancy; Euphorbia esula; Germination; Invasive; Leafy spurge; Seed; Subnetwork analysis; Diurnal temperature; Weed ID ARABIDOPSIS CIRCADIAN CLOCK; LEAFY SPURGE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ABSCISIC-ACID; DORMANCY RELEASE; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; WEED BIOLOGY; ABA; PROTEINS; SUGAR AB We investigated transcriptome changes in Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) seeds with a focus on the effect of constant and diurnal fluctuating temperature on dormancy and germination. Leafy spurge seeds do not germinate when incubated for 21 days at 20A degrees C constant temperatures, but nearly 30% germinate after 21 days under fluctuating temperatures 20:30A degrees C (16:8 h). Incubation at 20A degrees C for 21 days followed by 20:30A degrees C resulted in approximately 63% germination in about 10 days. A cDNA microarray representing approximately 22,000 unique sequences was used to profile transcriptome changes in the first day after transfer of seeds from constant to alternating temperature conditions. Functional classification based on MIPS and gene ontology revealed active metabolism including up-regulation of energy, protein synthesis, and signal transduction processes. Down-regulated processes included translation elongation, translation, and some biosynthetic processes. Subnetwork analysis identified genes involved in abscisic acid, sugar, and circadian clock signaling as key regulators of physiological activity in seeds soon after the transfer to alternating conditions. C1 [Foley, Michael E.; Anderson, James V.; Chao, Wun S.; Horvath, David P.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Dogramaci, Muenevver] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Foley, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM michael.foley@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 63 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1007/s11103-009-9569-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 580IH UT WOS:000276440900012 PM 19916049 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Sung, S Kim, D Chao, W Anderson, J AF Horvath, David P. Sung, Sibum Kim, Donghwan Chao, Wun Anderson, James TI Characterization, expression and function of DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX genes from leafy spurge SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Endodormancy; MADS-box; Phylogenetic footprinting; Flowering ID UNDERGROUND ADVENTITIOUS BUDS; PERSICA L. BATSCH; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; FLOWERING TIME; CROWN BUDS; ARABIDOPSIS; VERNALIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PROTEIN AB DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes are related to AGAMOUS-LIKE 24 and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE genes of arabidopsis and are differentially regulated coordinately with endodormancy induction and release in buds of several perennial plant species. DAM genes were first shown to directly impact endodormancy in peach where a deletion of a series of DAM resulted in loss of endodormancy induction. We have cloned and characterized several MADS box genes from the model perennial weed leafy spurge. Leafy spurge DAM genes are preferentially expressed in shoot tips and buds in response to cold temperatures and day length in a manner that is relative to the level of endodormancy induced by various environmental conditions. Over-expression of one DAM gene in arabidopsis delays flowering. Additionally, we show that at least one DAM gene is differentially regulated by chromatin remodeling. Comparisons of the DAM gene promoters between poplar and leafy spurge have identified several conserved sequences that may be important for their expression patterns in response to dormancy-inducing stimuli. C1 [Horvath, David P.; Chao, Wun; Anderson, James] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Sung, Sibum; Kim, Donghwan] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM david.horvath@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 38 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 169 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s11103-009-9596-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 580IH UT WOS:000276440900015 PM 20066557 ER PT J AU Campbell, MA Gleichsner, A Alsbury, R Horvath, D Suttle, J AF Campbell, Michael A. Gleichsner, Alyssa Alsbury, Roxanne Horvath, David Suttle, Jeffrey TI The sprout inhibitors chlorpropham and 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene elicit different transcriptional profiles and do not suppress growth through a prolongation of the dormant state SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dormancy; Potato; 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene; DMN; Chlorpropham; CIPC; Sprout inhibitors; Microarrays; Transcriptional profiling ID POTATO-TUBER MERISTEMS; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ABA CONTENT; APICAL BUD; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM; STORAGE; GENES; PHOSPHATASES AB Chlorpropham (CIPC) and 1,4-dimethylnapthalene (DMN) are used to control postharvest sprouting of potato tubers. CIPC alters microtubule structure and function resulting in inhibition of cell division. The mechanism of action of DMN is unknown but, because it is a natural product found in potato tubers, there is speculation that it inhibits sprout growth by prolonging the dormant state. To address this issue, the effects of CIPC and DMN on abscisic acid (ABA) content and gene expression in potato tuber meristems were determined and compared to those found in dormant and non-dormant meristems. Dormancy progression was accompanied by a dramatic decline in ABA content and the ABA levels in meristems isolated from CIPC- and DMN- treated tubers were identical to the levels found in nondormant meristems demonstrating that sprout repression is not a function of elevated ABA. Evaluation of transcriptional profiles using cDNA microarrays demonstrated that there were similarities between CIPC- and DMN- treated tuber tissues particularly in transcripts that encode phosphatases and proteins associated with oxygen-related metabolism. Despite these similarities, there were significant differences in transcript profiles derived from treatment with either CIPC or DMN and the dormant state. These results suggested the mechanisms-of -action of DMN and CIPC are distinct and not due to a prolongation of the normal dormant condition. C1 [Campbell, Michael A.; Gleichsner, Alyssa; Alsbury, Roxanne] Behrend Coll, Sch Sci, Erie, PA 16563 USA. [Horvath, David] ARS, USDA, Weed Res Unit, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Suttle, Jeffrey] ARS, USDA, Sugar Beet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Campbell, MA (reprint author), Behrend Coll, Sch Sci, P-1 Prischak Bldg,4205 Coll Dr, Erie, PA 16563 USA. EM mac17@psu.edu OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 FU 1,4-Group, Meridian, ID FX We are grateful for the technical assistance of Craig Praul and the Penn State Genomics Core Facility - University Park, PA for microarray analysis. This work was supported in part by the 1,4-Group, Meridian, ID. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s11103-010-9607-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 580IH UT WOS:000276440900016 PM 20135197 ER PT J AU Dogramaci, M Horvath, DP Chao, WS Foley, ME Christoffers, MJ Anderson, JV AF Dogramaci, Muenevver Horvath, David P. Chao, Wun S. Foley, Michael E. Christoffers, Michael J. Anderson, James V. TI Low temperatures impact dormancy status, flowering competence, and transcript profiles in crown buds of leafy spurge SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bud dormancy; Endodormancy; Flowering; Leafy spurge; Photoperiod; Transcriptome; Vernalization; Weed ID ARABIDOPSIS CIRCADIAN CLOCK; PERSICA L. BATSCH; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; GENE-EXPRESSION; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; COLD-ACCLIMATION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GROWTH CESSATION; DELLA PROTEINS; SALICYLIC-ACID AB Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an herbaceous perennial weed that produces vegetatively from an abundance of underground adventitious buds. In this study, we report the effects of different environmental conditions on vegetative production and flowering competence, and determine molecular mechanisms associated with dormancy transitions under controlled conditions. Reduction in temperature (27-10A degrees C) and photoperiod (16-8 h) over a 3-month period induced a para- to endo-dormant transition in crown buds. An additional 11 weeks of cold (5-7A degrees C) and short-photoperiod resulted in accelerated shoot growth from crown buds, and 99% floral competence when plants were returned to growth-promoting conditions. Exposure of paradormant plants to short-photoperiod and prolonged cold treatment alone had minimal affect on growth potential and resulted in similar to 1% flowering. Likewise, endodormant crown buds without prolonged cold treatment displayed delayed shoot growth and similar to 2% flowering when returned to growth-promoting conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 373 and 260 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.005) during para- to endo-dormant and endo- to eco-dormant transitions, respectively. Transcripts from flower competent vs. non-flower competent crown buds identified 607 differentially expressed genes. Further, sub-network analysis identified expression targets and binding partners associated with circadian clock, dehydration/cold signaling, phosphorylation cascades, and response to abscisic acid, ethylene, gibberellic acid, and jasmonic acid, suggesting these central regulators affect well-defined phases of dormancy and flowering. Potential genetic pathways associated with these dormancy transitions and flowering were used to develop a proposed conceptual model. C1 [Horvath, David P.; Chao, Wun S.; Foley, Michael E.; Anderson, James V.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Dogramaci, Muenevver; Christoffers, Michael J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM james.anderson@ars.usda.gov OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 89 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 207 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s11103-010-9621-8 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 580IH UT WOS:000276440900018 PM 20340040 ER PT J AU Chao, WS Serpe, MD AF Chao, Wun S. Serpe, Marcelo D. TI Changes in the expression of carbohydrate metabolism genes during three phases of bud dormancy in leafy spurge SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-amylase; Carbohydrate metabolism; Dormancy; Leafy spurge ID STARCH DEGRADATION; EUPHORBIA-ESULA; ARABIDOPSIS LEAVES; MALTOSE METABOLISM; ALPHA-AMYLASE; WEED BIOLOGY; CROWN BUDS; MECHANISMS; BREAKDOWN; SUCROSE AB Underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) undergo three well-defined phases of dormancy, para-, endo-, and ecodormancy. In this study, relationships among genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and bud dormancy were examined after paradormancy release (growth induction) by decapitation and in response to seasonal signals. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of carbohydrate metabolism genes at different phases of bud dormancy. Among differentially-regulated genes, expression of a specific Euphorbia esula beta-amylase gene (Ee-BAM1) increased 100-fold after growth induction and 16,000-fold from July (paradormancy) to December (ecodormancy). Sequence data analysis indicated that two genes, Ee-BAM1 and Ee-BAM2, could encode this beta-amylase. However, real-time PCR using gene-specific primer pairs only amplified Ee-BAM1, indicating that Ee-BAM2 is either specific to other organs or not abundant. The deduced amino acid sequences of these two genes are very similar at the N-terminal but differ at the C-terminal. Both contain a nearly identical, predicted 48-amino acid plastid transit peptide. Immunoblot analyses identified a 29 kD (mature Ee-BAM1 after cleavage of the transit peptide) and a 35 kD (unprocessed EeBAM1) protein. Both 35 and 29 kD proteins were constitutively expressed in growth-induced and seasonal samples. Immunolocalization indicated that Ee-BAM1 is in the cytosol of cells at the shoot tip of the bud. Ee-BAM1 also surrounds the amyloplasts in mature cells toward the base of the bud. These observations suggests that Ee-BAM1 may have dual functions; serving as reserve protein in the cytosol and as a degrading enzyme at the surface of amyloplasts. C1 [Chao, Wun S.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Serpe, Marcelo D.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Chao, WS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM wun.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 73 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s11103-009-9568-9 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 580IH UT WOS:000276440900019 PM 19924545 ER PT J AU LeClere, S Schmelz, EA Chourey, PS AF LeClere, Sherry Schmelz, Eric A. Chourey, Prem S. TI Sugar Levels Regulate Tryptophan-Dependent Auxin Biosynthesis in Developing Maize Kernels SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL INVERTASE; MINIATURE1 SEED LOCUS; ZEA-MAYS L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; EXTRACELLULAR INVERTASE; GENE; ENDOSPERM; PATHWAY; GLUCOSE AB The maize (Zea mays) Miniature1 (Mn1) locus encodes the cell wall invertase INCW2, which is localized predominantly in the basal endosperm transfer layer of developing kernels and catalyzes the conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose. Mutations in Mn1 result in pleiotropic changes, including a reduction in kernel mass and a recently reported decrease in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels throughout kernel development. Here, we show that mn1-1 basal kernel regions (pedicels and basal endosperm transfer layer) accumulate higher levels of sucrose and lower levels of glucose and fructose between 8 and 28 d after pollination when compared with the wild type, whereas upper regions of mn1 accumulate similar or increased concentrations of sugars. To determine the cause of the reduction in IAA accumulation, we investigated transcript levels of several potential IAA biosynthetic enzymes. We demonstrate that reduced IAA levels most closely correspond to reduced transcript levels of ZmYUCCA (ZmYUC), a newly identified homolog of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene YUCCA. We further demonstrate that ZmYUC catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of tryptamine and that sugar levels regulate transcript levels of ZmYUC, both in in vitro-cultured kernels and in a promoter-reporter fusion in Arabidopsis. These results indicate that developing seeds may modulate growth by altering auxin biosynthesis in response to sugar concentrations. C1 [LeClere, Sherry; Schmelz, Eric A.; Chourey, Prem S.] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Chourey, Prem S.] Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Chem Unit, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM prem.chourey@ars.usda.gov OI Schmelz, Eric/0000-0002-2837-734X NR 54 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 153 IS 1 BP 306 EP 318 DI 10.1104/pp.110.155226 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 590PS UT WOS:000277239900024 PM 20237017 ER PT J AU Condori, J Sivakumar, G Hubstenberger, J Dolan, MC Sobolev, VS Medina-Bolivar, F AF Condori, Jose Sivakumar, Ganapathy Hubstenberger, John Dolan, Maureen C. Sobolev, Victor S. Medina-Bolivar, Fabricio TI Induced biosynthesis of resveratrol and the prenylated stilbenoids arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 in hairy root cultures of peanut: Effects of culture medium and growth stage SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hairy root; Resveratrol; Arachidin-1; Arachidin-3; Stilbenoid; Peanut; Prenylation ID CELL-SUSPENSION-CULTURES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; HYPERICUM-PERFORATUM; PLANT; L.; PHYTOALEXINS; PURIFICATION; SECRETION; SYNTHASE; SYSTEMS AB Previously, we have shown that hairy root cultures of peanut provide a controlled, sustainable and scalable production system that can be induced to produce stilbenoids. However to leverage peanut hairy roots to study the biosynthesis of this polyphenolic biosynthetic pathway, growing conditions and elicitation kinetics of these tissue cultures must be defined and understood. To this end, a new peanut cv. Hull hairy root (line 3) that produces resveratrol and its prenylated analogues arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 upon sodium acetate-mediated elicitation was established. Two culture media were compared for impact on root growth and stilbenoid biosynthesis/secretion. The levels of ammonium, nitrate, phosphate and residual sugars were monitored along growth and elicitation period. A modified MS (MSV) medium resulted in higher root biomass when compared to B5 medium. The stilbenoid profile after elicitation varied depending on the age of the culture (6, 9, 12, and 15-day old). After elicitation at day 9 (exponential growth in MSV medium), over 90% of the total resveratrol, arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 accumulated in the medium. Our studies demonstrate the benefits of the hairy root culture system to study the biosynthesis of stilbenoids including valuable prenylated polyphenolic compounds. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Condori, Jose; Sivakumar, Ganapathy; Hubstenberger, John; Dolan, Maureen C.; Medina-Bolivar, Fabricio] Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. [Dolan, Maureen C.; Medina-Bolivar, Fabricio] Nat W Inc, Jonesboro, AR 72401 USA. [Sobolev, Victor S.] ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, USDA, Dawson, GA 39842 USA. [Medina-Bolivar, Fabricio] Arkansas State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. RP Medina-Bolivar, F (reprint author), Arkansas State Univ, Arkansas Biosci Inst, POB 639, State Univ, AR 72467 USA. EM fmedinabolivar@astate.edu FU National Science Foundation-EPSCoR [EPS-0701890]; Arkansas ASSET Initiative; Arkansas Science & Technology Authority and the Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation-EPSCoR (grant # EPS-0701890; Center for Plant-Powered Production-P3), Arkansas ASSET Initiative and the Arkansas Science & Technology Authority and the Arkansas Biosciences Institute. Part of this work was presented as an invited lecture at the 238th American Chemical Society National Meeting in Washington DC (August 2009). NR 40 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 48 IS 5 SI SI BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.01.008 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 610GH UT WOS:000278719200004 PM 20138774 ER PT J AU Hawkins, TS Baskin, CC Baskin, JM AF Hawkins, Tracy S. Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. TI Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of three eastern North American Sanicula species (Apiaceae subf. Saniculoideae): evolutionary implications for dormancy break SO PLANT SPECIES BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apiaceae; morphophysiological dormancy; Sanicula; Saniculoideae; seed germination ID ECOLOGICAL LIFE-CYCLE; AEGOPODIUM-PODAGRARIA APIACEAE; GERMINATION ECOPHYSIOLOGY; SUBFAMILY SANICULOIDEAE; COLD STRATIFICATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST; WOODLAND HERB; BIOGEOGRAPHY; TERTIARY; SOUTH AB Dormancy breaking and germination requirements were determined for seeds of the eastern North American (eNA) species Sanicula canadensis, Sanicula gregaria and Sanicula trifoliata, and the data compared to those available for the European-Asian (EurA) congener Sanicula europaea. Seeds of the three eNA species had underdeveloped embryos that were physiologically dormant, i.e., morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Warm (25/15 degrees C) followed by cold (5/1 degrees C) stratification was effective in breaking dormancy in 100% of the S. canadensis seeds, but in only 29.3% of S. gregaria seeds and 43.3% of S. trifoliata seeds. Cold stratification alone broke dormancy in 38.7, 12.0 and 0% of S. canadensis, S. gregaria and S. trifoliata seeds, respectively. Thus, some seeds of S. canadensis and of S. gregaria that germinated have non-deep complex MPD, and others have deep complex MPD. All seeds of S. trifoliata that germinated have non-deep complex MPD. Within a phylogenetic context, the kind (level) of MPD may or may not differ between eNA Sanicula sister species because conspecific variation in the kind of MPD exists in seeds of S. canadensis and S. gregaria. Similarly, the kind of MPD in seeds of eNA S. canadensis and S. gregaria may or may not differ with the deep complex MPD in seeds of the EurA S. europaea. However, the non-deep complex MPD in all seeds of eNA S. trifoliata and deep complex MPD in seeds of S. europaea represent a distinct difference in this trait between two of the five clades comprising the genus Sanicula. C1 [Hawkins, Tracy S.; Baskin, Carol C.; Baskin, Jerry M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Baskin, Carol C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Hawkins, TS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM tracyhawkins@fs.fed.us NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0913-557X J9 PLANT SPEC BIOL JI Plant Spec. Biol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.1111/j.1442-1984.2010.00273.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 590EY UT WOS:000277208500003 ER PT J AU Park, YS Kunze, S Ni, XZ Feussner, I Kolomiets, MV AF Park, Yong-Soon Kunze, Susan Ni, Xinzhi Feussner, Ivo Kolomiets, Michael V. TI Comparative molecular and biochemical characterization of segmentally duplicated 9-lipoxygenase genes ZmLOX4 and ZmLOX5 of maize SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Defense; Insect herbivory; LOX pathway; Plant-pathogen interaction; Systemic and local responses wounding; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS; INCREASED RESISTANCE; PATHOGEN INFECTION; DEFENSE RESPONSES; LIPOXYGENASE; EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS; ACID; RICE; 13-LIPOXYGENASE AB Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze hydroperoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to form structurally and functionally diverse oxylipins. Precise physiological and biochemical functions of individual members of plant multigene LOX families are largely unknown. Herein we report on molecular and biochemical characterization of two closely related maize 9-lipoxygenase paralogs, ZmLOX4 and ZmLOX5. Recombinant ZmLOX5 protein displayed clear 9-LOX regio-specificity at both neutral and slightly alkaline pH. The genes were differentially expressed in various maize organs and tissues as well as in response to diverse stress treatments. The transcripts of ZmLOX4 accumulated predominantly in roots and shoot apical meristem, whereas ZmLOX5 was expressed in most tested aboveground organs. Both genes were not expressed in untreated leaves, but displayed differential induction by defense-related hormones. While ZmLOX4 was only induced by jasmonic acid (JA), the transcripts of ZmLOX5 were increased in response to JA and salicylic acid treatments. ZmLOX5 was transiently induced both locally and systemically by wounding, which was accompanied by increased levels of 9-oxylipins, and fall armyworm herbivory, suggesting a putative role for this gene in defense against insects. Surprisingly, despite of moderate JA- and wound-inducibility of ZmLOX4, the gene was not responsive to insect herbivory. These results suggest that the two genes may have distinct roles in maize adaptation to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Both paralogs were similarly induced by virulent and avirulent strains of the fungal leaf pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum. Putative physiological roles for the two genes are discussed in the context of their biochemical and molecular properties. C1 [Park, Yong-Soon; Kolomiets, Michael V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Kunze, Susan; Feussner, Ivo] Univ Gottingen, Dept Plant Biochem, Albrecht von Haller Inst Plant Sci, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Ni, Xinzhi] Univ Georgia, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Kolomiets, MV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM yspark2005@gmail.com; kolomiets@tamu.edu RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011; Feussner, Ivo/H-9320-2013; OI Feussner, Ivo/0000-0002-9888-7003 FU Texas Agri-LIFE Research Monocot Improvement; NSF [IOB-0544428] FX We thank Charles Greenwald (Texas A&M University) for his help with the phylogenetic analysis, and Andriy Nemchenko and Sholpan Davletova for their assistance in generating the ZmLOX5 overexpression construct. Pedro Navarro and Carl Simmons (Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl.) are acknowledged for their help with the initial bioinformatic analysis of the EST clones representing the ZmLOX4 and ZmLOX5 genes. We acknowledge the assistance of Ms. Jantana Keereetaweep and Drs. Aruna Kilaru and Kent Chapman of the Center for Plant Lipid Research, University of North Texas, for analyses of oxylipins in maize samples. This work was supported by Texas Agri-LIFE Research Monocot Improvement Program and by the NSF grant IOB-0544428 to MK. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAY PY 2010 VL 231 IS 6 BP 1425 EP 1437 DI 10.1007/s00425-010-1143-8 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 583GV UT WOS:000276662700017 PM 20349083 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Strobaugh, TP Frye, JG AF Chen, Chin-Yi Strobaugh, Terence P., Jr. Frye, Jonathan G. TI Characterization of small ColE1-like plasmids conferring kanamycin resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovars Typhimurium and Newport SO PLASMID LA English DT Article DE Antibiotic resistance; aph gene; ColE1-like; Kanamycin; Salmonella ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BETA-LACTAMASE; ENTERITIDIS; STRAINS; ORGANIZATION; DNA AB Multi-antibiotic resistant (MR)Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Newport are an increasing concern in human and animal health. Many strains are known to carry antibiotic resistance determinants on multiple plasmids, yet detailed information has been scarce. Three plasmids conferring kanamycin (Kan) resistance were isolated and nucleotide sequences were determined. Two Kan(R) plasmids from Salmonella Newport strains, pSN11/00Kan and pSNO2/01Kan, were found to be identical and were 5698 bp in size. Plasmid pG7601Kan from Salmonella Typhimurium phage type U302 strain G7601 was 3208 bp, and was the same as the previously reported pU302S from another U302 strain G8430. All three plasmids carried identical aph(3')-I genes. The plasmids were ColE1-like, containing RNA I/RNA II and the ram gene. Plasmids pSN11/00Kan and pSNO2/01Kan also carried mobilization genes mobC and mobABD, similar to those of the pCoIK-K235 and pCoID-157 plasmids from the colicinogenic Escherichia coli strains. All three plasmids were stable without kanamycin selection for similar to 100 generations. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Chen, Chin-Yi; Strobaugh, Terence P., Jr.] ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM chin-yi.chen@ars.usda.gov RI Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-619X J9 PLASMID JI Plasmid PD MAY PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.plasmid.2009.12.005 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology SC Genetics & Heredity; Microbiology GA 577XL UT WOS:000276257200005 PM 20100512 ER PT J AU Dea, S Brecht, JK Nunes, MCN Baldwin, EA AF Dea, Sharon Brecht, Jeffrey K. Nunes, M. Cecilia N. Baldwin, Elizabeth A. TI Quality of fresh-cut 'Kent' mango slices prepared from hot water or non-hot water-treated fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mangifera indica; Fresh-cut fruit; Hot water treatment; Quality; Composition; Aroma volatiles ID MANGIFERA-INDICA LINN.; ASCORBIC-ACID; CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; HORTICULTURAL CROPS; HEAT DISINFESTATION; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; COLD-STORAGE; TEMPERATURE; VOLATILE; RIPE AB This study addressed the effects of hot water (HW) quarantine treatment as mandated by the USDA-APHIS. for all mangoes imported to the United States, on the visual and compositional quality factors, aroma volatile production, respiration rate, and electrolyte leakage of fresh-cut 'Kent' mango slices during subsequent storage at 5 degrees C for 10 d. The experiment was conducted twice during two Florida mango seasons, with fruit from two different sources. Results from the two harvests were significantly different and therefore were analyzed separately. In general, the visual quality, electrolyte leakage, firmness, and aroma volatile production (based on the quantification of 16 aroma volatiles) did not differ between the fresh-cut slices prepared from HW- and non-HW-treated fruit. The fresh-cut slices from non-HW-treated fruit had higher soluble solids content than the HW-treated samples. There were also differences between the treatments for respiration rate, titratable acidity, and pH; but, the results were contradictory between the two harvests. Overall, the results suggest that the HW quarantine treatment applied to whole mangoes does not significantly affect the quality of fresh-cut 'Kent' mango slices stored at 5 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Baldwin, Elizabeth A.] ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. [Dea, Sharon; Brecht, Jeffrey K.] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Nunes, M. Cecilia N.] Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dea, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave SNW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. EM Sharon.Dea@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Brecht, Jeffrey/B-2375-2013 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 56 IS 2 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.01.007 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 578LC UT WOS:000276294000009 ER PT J AU Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Donoghue, AM AF Huff, W. E. Huff, G. R. Rath, N. C. Donoghue, A. M. TI Immune interference of bacteriophage efficacy when treating colibacillosis in poultry SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage therapy; Escherichia coli; chicken; colibacillosis ID COLI RESPIRATORY-INFECTION; BROILER-CHICKENS; LYTIC BACTERIOPHAGES; AEROSOL SPRAY; MICE; SALMONELLA; PREVENTION; DIARRHEA; THERAPY; CALVES AB A study was conducted to determine if prior exposure with bacteriophage would limit the ability of the same bacteriophage to treat colibacillosis. There were 5 treatments with 3 replicate pens of 20 birds per pen. The treatments consisted of 1) control, 2) birds treated with bacteriophage at 10 and 17 d of age, 3) birds challenged with Escherichia coli at 17 d of age, 4) birds challenged with E. coli and treated with bacteriophage at 17 d of age, and 5) birds treated with bacteriophage at 10 d of age and challenged with E. coli and treated with bacteriophage at 17 d of age. Colibacillosis was induced by injecting 0.1 mL of E. coli into the thoracic airsac containing 1 x 10(6) cfu. The bacteriophage was administered by i.m. injection of 0.1 mL into the thigh, providing a dose of 6.8 x 10(8) pfu. The study was concluded 14 d after E. coli challenge. Mortality in the birds challenged with E. coli and not treated with bacteriophage was 55% (treatment 3), and bacteriophage therapy significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced mortality to 8% (treatment 4), which was not significantly (P <= 0.05) different from the 2 non-E. coli-challenged controls (3%, treatment 1, and 2%, treatment 2). However, mortality in the birds administered bacteriophage before challenge with E. coli and treated with bacteriophage (treatment 5) was 33%, which was not significantly different (P <= 0.05) from the birds that were challenged with E. coli and untreated (55%, treatment 3). A kinetic in vitro assay of bacteriophage activity found that serum from birds pretreated with bacteriophage (treatment 5) inhibited bacteriophage activity. The IgG levels to the bacteriophage in serum from birds pretreated with bacteriophage (treatment 2) were significantly higher at all dilutions compared with control serum (treatment 1). These data demonstrate that prior exposure to bacteriophage will limit bacteriophage therapeutic efficacy and suggests that the reduced efficacy is due to an immune response to bacteriophage. C1 [Huff, W. E.; Huff, G. R.; Rath, N. C.; Donoghue, A. M.] Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, WE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM huff@uark.edu NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 5 BP 895 EP 900 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00528 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 586GH UT WOS:000276893800007 PM 20371840 ER PT J AU Park, SW Branton, SL Gerard, PD Womack, SK Peebles, ED AF Park, S. W. Branton, S. L. Gerard, P. D. Womack, S. K. Peebles, E. D. TI Influence of supplemental dietary poultry fat, phytase, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the performance of commercial layers inoculated before or at the onset of lay with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diet; F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum; inoculation; layer; performance ID DUAL INFECTION; HENS; SYNOVIAE; CYCLE AB The effects of 2 levels of supplemental dietary poultry fat (PF) and the combination of PF, phytase (PHY), and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (D(3)) on the performance of commercial layers inoculated with F-strain Mycoplasma gallisepticum (FMG) were investigated in 2 trials. Sham and FMG inoculations were administered at 12 (before lay) and 22 (early in lay) wk and dietary treatments [basal control diet (BCD), BCD with 0.75% supplemental PF, BCD with 1.50% supplemental PF, and BCD with 1.50% supplemental PF, 0.013% PHY, and 0.025% D(3)] were initiated at 20 wk of age. Hen BW, egg weight, and egg production (EP) were determined every 4 wk between 24 and 58 wk of age. Feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion were determined in 4-wk intervals beginning on wk 25 and ending on wk 58, and total mortality and mean EP were determined over the entire 24 to 58-wk period. The addition of 0.75 and 1.50% PF increased BW at wk 48 and 58, respectively, and supplemental PF at the 1.50% level increased the BW of hens that had been inoculated (sham or FMG) on wk 22 and reduced the FC of hens inoculated on wk 12. Feed conversion was decreased in the 25 to 28- and 57 to 58-wk age periods and increased in the 45 to 48-wk age periods by an FMG inoculation. In birds inoculated at 22 wk of age, FMG increased egg weight. Although EP was reduced at wk 24 and was increased at wk 58 by FMG, total EP was not affected. In conclusion, an inoculation of FMG at either 12 or 22 wk of age can result in a relative shift in EP from the early to late stage of lay without affecting total EP, and although the BW and FC responses of hens to added dietary PF were influenced by their age and the age of inoculation, use of the supplemental combination of PHY and D(3) had no additional effect on performance when provided in conjunction with 1.50% PF. C1 [Park, S. W.; Womack, S. K.; Peebles, E. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Branton, S. L.] ARS, Poultry Res Unit, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gerard, P. D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Appl Econ & Stat, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Peebles, ED (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM dpeebles@poultry.msstate.edu NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 5 BP 910 EP 916 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00615 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 586GH UT WOS:000276893800009 PM 20371842 ER PT J AU Long, JA Bongalhardo, DC Pelaez, J Saxena, S Settar, P O'Sullivan, NP Fulton, JE AF Long, J. A. Bongalhardo, D. C. Pelaez, J. Saxena, S. Settar, P. O'Sullivan, N. P. Fulton, J. E. TI Rooster semen cryopreservation: Effect of pedigree line and male age on postthaw sperm function SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE spermatozoa; glycerol; chicken; perivitelline membrane ID FROZEN-THAWED SEMEN; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; CHICKEN SEMEN; FRESH SEMEN; FERTILITY; SPERMATOZOA; MOBILITY; FOWL; VIABILITY; SELECTION AB The fertility rates of cryopreserved poultry semen are highly variable and not reliable for use in preservation of commercial genetic stocks. Our objective was to evaluate the cryosurvival of semen from 8 pedigreed layer lines at 2 different ages: the onset and end of commercial production. Semen from 160 roosters (20/line) was frozen individually with 11% glycerol at 6 and 12 mo of age. Glycerol was removed from thawed semen by Accudenz gradient centrifugation. The viability of thawed sperm from each male was determined using fluorescent live-dead staining and flow cytometry; sperm velocity parameters were measured using computerized motion analysis. The fertilizing ability of thawed sperm was evaluated in vitro by assessing hydrolysis of the inner perivitelline membrane. The post-thaw function of sperm from the elite lines varied widely, despite the fact that fresh semen from all of these lines typically yielded high fertility rates. The percentage of thawed sperm with intact plasma membranes ranged from 27.8 +/- 2.1 to 49.6 +/- 1.9 and varied among lines and between age groups. Thawed sperm from 2 lines consistently demonstrated the highest and lowest motility parameters, whereas the velocity parameters of the remaining 6 lines varied widely. The mean number of hydrolysis points per square millimeter of inner perivitelline membrane ranged from 12.5 +/- 4.1 (line 2) to 103.3 +/- 30.2 (line 6). Age effects were observed for 4 out of 8 lines; however, improved postthaw sperm function at 12 mo of age was not consistent for all 3 assays. These results demonstrate variability among pedigreed lines in withstanding glycerol-based semen cryopreservation and provide a model for delineating genotypic and phenotypic factors affecting sperm cryosurvival. C1 [Long, J. A.; Bongalhardo, D. C.; Pelaez, J.] ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Saxena, S.; Settar, P.; O'Sullivan, N. P.; Fulton, J. E.] Hy Line Int, Dallas Ctr, IA 50063 USA. RP Long, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Julie.Long@ars.usda.gov FU Agricultural Research Service Headquarters FX We thank the Agricultural Research Service Headquarters for providing the research associate stipend, Hy-Line International research farm insemination crew for semen collection, Lori Schreier [Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), Beltsville, MD] for assisting with sperm cryopreservation, Glenn Welch (BARC) for flow cytometry technical support, and Wesley Garrett (BARC) for microscopic image system assistance. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 5 BP 966 EP 973 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00227 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 586GH UT WOS:000276893800016 PM 20371849 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR Donoghue, AM Yoho, DE Moyle, JR Whipple, SM Camp, MJ Liu, GQ Bramwell, RK AF Bakst, M. R. Donoghue, A. M. Yoho, D. E. Moyle, J. R. Whipple, S. M. Camp, M. J. Liu, G. Q. Bramwell, R. K. TI Comparisons of sperm storage tubule distribution and number in 4 strains of mature broiler breeders and in turkey hens before and after the onset of photostimulation SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE avian; oviductal sperm storage; poultry; duration of fertility ID FERTILITY; DURATION; BIRDS; INSEMINATION; TRANSPORT; OVIDUCT AB The biological basis of sustained fertility in broiler and turkey hens is their capacity to store sperm in the oviductal sperm storage tubules (SST) located in the uterovaginal junction. The objectives of this study were to determine if the numbers of SST varied between 4 strains of broiler breeders and determine the number of SST in the turkey before (less than 9 d of photostimulation) and after (up to 22 d of photostimulation and laying) photostimulation. No statistical differences were observed in SST numbers in the 4 strains of broilers examined or in turkey hens before and after the onset of egg production. The mean numbers of SST for broilers and turkeys were 4,893 and 30,566, respectively. We conclude that any differences between the fertility of the 4 broiler breeder strains examined cannot be explained by differences in SST numbers. However, differences in the duration of fertility between broilers and turkeys are, in part, related to their respective numbers of number of SST. Furthermore, we conclude that turkey SST are morphologically differentiated and functional before the onset of photostimulation and while the oviduct is morphologically undeveloped. C1 [Bakst, M. R.] ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Donoghue, A. M.] ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Yoho, D. E.; Moyle, J. R.; Whipple, S. M.; Bramwell, R. K.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Camp, M. J.] ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Liu, G. Q.] Yangzhou Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), ARS, Anim Biosci & Biotechnol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM murray.bakst@ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 5 BP 986 EP 992 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00481 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 586GH UT WOS:000276893800018 PM 20371851 ER PT J AU Zhuang, H Savage, EM AF Zhuang, H. Savage, E. M. TI Comparisons of sensory descriptive flavor and texture profiles of cooked broiler breast fillets categorized by raw meat color lightness values SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler breast; color lightness; sensory; flavor; texture ID L-ASTERISK VALUES; CHICKEN BREAST; WARNER-BRATZLER; FREEZE-THAW; PALE; QUALITY; PSE; DARK; PH; CARCASSES AB Three replicate trials were conducted to compare sensory descriptive profiles of cooked broiler breast fillets categorized by raw meat color lightness or CIE L* values. In each trial, 20 light, 20 dark, and 30 random fillets (42-d-old birds and deboned at 6 to 8 h postmortem) were obtained from a commercial processing plant. On return to the laboratory, CIE L* a* b* (medial side), pH, and weights were measured. Ten fillets for each of 3 lightness categories were chosen based on the L* values as follows: light, L* > 60; medium (middle of random group), 55 < L* < 59; and, dark, L* < 55. Cook yield, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and descriptive sensory attributes were measured on the chosen fillets after 7 d of frozen storage followed by cooking to an endpoint temperature of 78 to 80 degrees C. Sensory evaluations were performed by trained descriptive panelists using universal intensity scales of 0 to 15 for 9 flavor and 8 texture attributes. Our results show that there were significant differences among the 3 lightness categories for pH, thaw loss, cook yield, and shear force. There were no significant differences in average flavor intensity scores between the 3 lightness categories. However, the average intensity scores of the texture attributes cohesiveness, hardness, rate of breakdown, and chewiness of the light fillets were significantly higher than either the dark or the medium fillets (P < 0.01), which did not differ from each other. These results indicate that sensory flavor profiles of cooked broiler breast fillets are similar regardless of raw meat color lightness (or L* values). There is no difference in the texture profiles between the cooked medium and dark fillets. But the sensory texture profile of fillets categorized as light based on CIE L* values is different from those of the fillets categorized as either medium or dark. C1 [Zhuang, H.; Savage, E. M.] ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Zhuang, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM hong.zhuang@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1049 EP 1055 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00422 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 586GH UT WOS:000276893800026 PM 20371859 ER PT J AU Guerin, MT Sir, C Sargeant, JM Waddell, L O'Connor, AM Wills, RW Bailey, RH Byrd, JA AF Guerin, M. T. Sir, C. Sargeant, J. M. Waddell, L. O'Connor, A. M. Wills, R. W. Bailey, R. H. Byrd, J. A. TI The change in prevalence of Campylobacter on chicken carcasses during processing: A systematic review SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE systematic review; Campylobacter; prevalence; chicken; processing ID DUTCH BROILER FLOCKS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POULTRY MEAT; SPP. CONTAMINATION; RISK-FACTORS; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTER; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; JEJUNI AB A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the change in prevalence of Campylobacter on chicken carcasses during processing. A structured literature search of 8 electronic databases using the key words for "Campylobacter," "chicken," and "processing" identified 1,734 unique citations. Abstracts were screened for relevance by 2 independent reviewers. Thirty-two studies described prevalence at more than one stage during processing and were included in this review. Of the studies that described the prevalence of Campylobacter on carcasses before and after specific stages of processing, the chilling stage had the greatest number of studies (9), followed by washing (6), defeathering (4), scalding (2), and evisceration (1). Studies that sampled before and after scalding or chilling, or both, showed that the prevalence of Campylobacter generally decreased immediately after the stage (scalding: 20.0 to 40.0% decrease; chilling: 100.0% decrease to 26.6% increase). The prevalence of Campylobacter increased after defeathering (10.0 to 72.0%) and evisceration (15.0%). The prevalence after washing was inconsistent among studies (23.0% decrease to 13.3% increase). Eleven studies reported the concentration of Campylobacter, as well as, or instead of, the prevalence. Studies that sampled before and after specific stages of processing showed that the concentration of Campylobacter decreased after scalding (minimum decrease of 1.3 cfu/g, maximum decrease of 2.9 cfu/mL), evisceration (0.3 cfu/g), washing (minimum 0.3 cfu/mL, maximum 1.1 cfu/mL), and chilling (minimum 0.2 cfu/g, maximum 1.7 cfu/carcass) and increased after defeathering (minimum 0.4 cfu/g, maximum 2.9 cfu/ mL). Available evidence is sparse and suggests more data are needed to understand the magnitude and mechanism by which the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter changes during processing. This understanding should help researchers and program developers identify the most likely points in processing to implement effective control efforts. For example, if contamination will occur during defeathering and likely during evisceration, critical control points postevisceration are likely to have a greater effect on the end product going to the consumer. C1 [Guerin, M. T.; Sir, C.; Sargeant, J. M.; Waddell, L.] Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Waddell, L.] Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Lab Foodborne Zoonoses, Guelph, ON N1G 5B2, Canada. [O'Connor, A. M.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Wills, R. W.; Bailey, R. H.] Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Byrd, J. A.] ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Guerin, MT (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM mguerin@uoguelph.ca RI O'Connor, Annette/E-5591-2010 OI O'Connor, Annette/0000-0003-0604-7822 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35212-15287] FX We thank Aodhan Wall (Toronto, Ontario) for technical assistance with manuscript preparation. Funding for this study was provided by the Food Safety Research and Response Network, which is supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2005-35212-15287. NR 65 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 20 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1070 EP 1084 DI 10.3382/ps.2009-00213 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 586GH UT WOS:000276893800029 PM 20371862 ER PT J AU Breslau, ES Rochester, PW Saslow, D Crocoll, CE Johnson, LE Vinson, CA AF Breslau, Erica S. Rochester, Phyllis W. Saslow, Debbie Crocoll, Caroline E. Johnson, Lenora E. Vinson, Cynthia A. TI Developing Partnerships to Reduce Disparities in Cancer Screening SO PREVENTING CHRONIC DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Background Interventions in scientific settings to improve the wellbeing of women who are not regularly screened for cancer have failed. Consequently, community-based prevention and control efforts are needed. Community Context From 2003 through 2007, three federal agencies and 1 nongovernmental agency collaborated with county-level public health counterparts from 6 states to address screening disparities in cervical and breast cancer in counties with the highest prevalence. This case study describes lessons learned from Team Up, a model pilot program. Methods We conducted a descriptive qualitative case study including 5 Southern states and 1 Midwestern state: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Missouri, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The 6 states underwent a 5-step process to adopt, adapt, and implement 1 of 3 evidence-based interventions designed for cervical and breast cancer screening. Outcome The 6 participating states had various levels of success. Participating states formed and sustained viable interorganizational public health partnerships throughout the pilot program and beyond. Interpretation Although this innovative pilot faced many difficulties, participants overcame substantial obstacles and produced many key accomplishments. Team Up brought together 2 challenging public health strategies: the translation of evidence-based approaches to communities and populations, and partnerships among diverse people and organizations. Case study results suggest that using a mix of approaches can promote the transference of evidence from research into practice through local, regional, and national partnerships. C1 [Rochester, Phyllis W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Saslow, Debbie] Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Crocoll, Caroline E.] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Breslau, Erica S.; Johnson, Lenora E.; Vinson, Cynthia A.] NCI, Bethesda, MD 20850 USA. RP Breslau, ES (reprint author), NCI, 6130 Execut Blvd,Ste 4098, Bethesda, MD 20850 USA. EM breslaue@mail.nih.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1545-1151 J9 PREV CHRONIC DIS JI Prev. Chronic Dis. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 AR A62 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA V20SB UT WOS:000208158600017 PM 20394701 ER PT J AU Tsang, L Jackson, T AF Tsang, Leung Jackson, Thomas TI Satellite Remote Sensing Missions for Monitoring Water, Carbon, and Global Climate Change SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jackson, Thomas] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Tsang, L (reprint author), City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Elect Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2010 VL 98 IS 5 BP 645 EP 648 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2044851 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 593WQ UT WOS:000277493400002 ER PT J AU Entekhabi, D Njoku, EG O'Neill, PE Kellogg, KH Crow, WT Edelstein, WN Entin, JK Goodman, SD Jackson, TJ Johnson, J Kimball, J Piepmeier, JR Koster, RD Martin, N McDonald, KC Moghaddam, M Moran, S Reichle, R Shi, JC Spencer, MW Thurman, SW Tsang, L Van Zyl, J AF Entekhabi, Dara Njoku, Eni G. O'Neill, Peggy E. Kellogg, Kent H. Crow, Wade T. Edelstein, Wendy N. Entin, Jared K. Goodman, Shawn D. Jackson, Thomas J. Johnson, Joel Kimball, John Piepmeier, Jeffrey R. Koster, Randal D. Martin, Neil McDonald, Kyle C. Moghaddam, Mahta Moran, Susan Reichle, Rolf Shi, J. C. Spencer, Michael W. Thurman, Samuel W. Tsang, Leung Van Zyl, Jakob TI The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE Freeze/thaw; geoscience; microwave; remote sensing; soil moisture ID L-BAND; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; BARE; EMISSION; SMEX02; SENSOR AB The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission is one of the first Earth observation satellites being developed by NASA in response to the National Research Council's Decadal Survey. SMAP will make global measurements of the soil moisture present at the Earth's land surface and will distinguish frozen from thawed land surfaces. Direct observations of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state from space will allow significantly improved estimates of water, energy, and carbon transfers between the land and the atmosphere. The accuracy of numerical models of the atmosphere used in weather prediction and climate projections are critically dependent on the correct characterization of these transfers. Soil moisture measurements are also directly applicable to flood assessment and drought monitoring. SMAP observations can help monitor these natural hazards, resulting in potentially great economic and social benefits. SMAP observations of soil moisture and freeze/thaw timing will also reduce a major uncertainty in quantifying the global carbon balance by helping to resolve an apparent missing carbon sink on land over the boreal latitudes. The SMAP mission concept will utilize L-band radar and radiometer instruments sharing a rotating 6-m mesh reflector antenna to provide high-resolution and high-accuracy global maps of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state every two to three days. In addition, the SMAP project will use these observations with advanced modeling and data assimilation to provide deeper root-zone soil moisture and net ecosystem exchange of carbon. SMAP is scheduled for launch in the 2014-2015 time frame. C1 [Entekhabi, Dara] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Njoku, Eni G.; Kellogg, Kent H.; Edelstein, Wendy N.; Goodman, Shawn D.; McDonald, Kyle C.; Spencer, Michael W.; Thurman, Samuel W.; Van Zyl, Jakob] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [O'Neill, Peggy E.; Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.; Koster, Randal D.; Martin, Neil; Reichle, Rolf] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Crow, Wade T.; Jackson, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Entin, Jared K.] NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Johnson, Joel] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Kimball, John] Univ Montana, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [Moghaddam, Mahta] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Moran, Susan] USDA, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Shi, J. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Tsang, Leung] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Entekhabi, D (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM darae@mit.edu; eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; peggy.e.oneill@nasa.gov; kent.h.kellogg@jpl.nasa.gov; crow@hydrolab.arsusda.gov; wendy.n.edelstein@jpl.nasa.gov; jared.k.entin@nasa.gov; shawn.d.goodman@jpl.nasa.gov; tom.jackson@ars.usda.gov; johnson.1374@osu.edu; johnk@ntsg.umt.edu; jeff.piepmeier@nasa.gov; randal.d.koster@nasa.gov; neil.f.martin@nasa.gov; kyle.c.mcdonald@jpl.nasa.gov; mmoghadd@umich.edu; susan.moran@ars.usda.gov; rolf.reichle@nasa.gov; shi@icess.ucsb.edu; michael.w.spencer@jpl.nasa.gov; sam.w.thurman@jpl.nasa.gov; leung@ee.washington.edu; jakob.j.vanzyl@jpl.nasa.gov RI Reichle, Rolf/E-1419-2012; Koster, Randal/F-5881-2012; O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 OI Koster, Randal/0000-0001-6418-6383; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) FX This work was performed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NR 36 TC 666 Z9 675 U1 21 U2 191 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD MAY PY 2010 VL 98 IS 5 BP 704 EP 716 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2043918 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 593WQ UT WOS:000277493400006 ER PT J AU Apovian, CM Murphy, MC Cullum-Dugan, D Lin, PH Gilbert, KM Coffman, G Jenkins, M Bakun, P Tucker, KL Moore, TJ AF Apovian, Caroline M. Murphy, Megan C. Cullum-Dugan, Diana Lin, Pao-Hwa Gilbert, Kathryn Meyers Coffman, Gerald Jenkins, Mark Bakun, Peter Tucker, Katherine L. Moore, Thomas Joseph TI Validation of a web-based dietary questionnaire designed for the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet: the DASH Online Questionnaire SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Diet; Dietary pattern; Food frequency; Food intake; Energy intake; Dietary assessment; Questionnaire; Validation; Internet; Online; Web-based; DASH diet; Block FFQ ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEALTH; VALIDITY; BIOMARKERS; DISEASE; RECORDS; OBESITY; WEIGHT; SODIUM AB Objective: With the upsurge in online dietary modification programmes, online dietary assessment tools are needed to capture food intake. Although the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is recommended by the US Department of Agriculture, there are no online instruments that capture DASH food servings. Our objective was to assess the validity of a new, short, online dietary questionnaire developed to capture intake of DASH food servings. The DASH Online Questionnaire (OLQ) was validated against the well-known Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (HQ). Design: This was a cross-sectional validation of the DASH OLQ, which contained eleven food groups (breakfast cereals; dairy; drinks; fats and oils; fruits; grains and snacks; meat, fish and poultry; mixed dishes; sweets; vegetables; and nuts, seeds and legumes). Each subject completed a DASH OLQ once weekly for four weeks and one 98.2 Block FFQ (110 questions) between weeks 2 and 4. DASH OLQ were averaged and then compared with the Block FFQ for nutrient intakes as well as intakes of DASH food groups. Setting: Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Subjects: One hundred and ninety-one faculty and staff at Boston University Medical Center aged 20-70 years. Results: There were significant positive correlations between the Block HQ and the DASH OLQ for all food groups ranging from r = 0.8 for the nuts/seeds/legumes category to r = 0.3 for vegetables and mixed dishes. A comparison of nutrient intakes found strong positive correlations in all nutrient categories. Of particular interest in the DASH diet and the web-based nutrition and physical activity programme were total fat (r = 0.62), total carbohydrate (r = 0.67), total K (r = 0.68), total Ca (r = 0.69), total vitamin C (r = 0.60) and total energy intake (r = 0.68). Conclusions: The DASH OLQ captures food and nutrient intake well in relation to the more established Block FFQ. C1 [Murphy, Megan C.; Gilbert, Kathryn Meyers] DASH Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Apovian, Caroline M.; Cullum-Dugan, Diana] Boston Med Ctr, Ctr Nutr & Weight Management, Boston, MA USA. [Apovian, Caroline M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. [Lin, Pao-Hwa] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Coffman, Gerald] Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Data Coordinating Ctr, Boston, MA USA. [Jenkins, Mark] DASH Hlth, Vineyard Haven, MA USA. [Bakun, Peter; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Moore, Thomas Joseph] Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Off Clin Res, Boston, MA USA. RP Murphy, MC (reprint author), DASH Hlth, 715 Albany St,Evans 7, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM mcmoore@bu.edu RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Coffman, Gerald/0000-0002-0044-6219; Apovian, Caroline/0000-0002-8029-1922; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [3 01 HL57156-04S2]; e-Havior Change; LLC FX Sources of funding: The development of the online DASH dietary questionnaire was supported by a grant form the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (3 01 HL57156-04S2). Conflict of interest declaration: T.J.M. is Chairman of e-Havior Change, LLC which owns the copyright to the DASH for Health programme. C.M.A., M.C.M., D.C.-D., M.J., K.M.G., P.-H.L. and G.C. have received some salary support from e-Havior Change, LLC. Authors' contributions: C.M.A., M.C.M., D.C.-D., P.-H.L. and T.J.M. collaborated on the development and testing of the DASH OLQ, with collaboration on design from K.L.T. M.C.M. collected the data analysed for the purposes of this manuscript. G.C. and P.B. performed the analysis of the data for this manuscript with oversight by K.L.T. C.M.A., M.C.M., D.C.-D., K.M.G., M.J. and T.J.M. collaborated on writing and editing of this manuscript, with consultation from K.L.T. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 13 IS 5 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.1017/S1368980009991996 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 592LD UT WOS:000277379500004 PM 19912673 ER PT J AU Ciotti, D Griffith, SM Kann, J Baham, J AF Ciotti, D. Griffith, S. M. Kann, J. Baham, J. TI Nutrient and Sediment Transport on Flood-Irrigated Pasture in the Klamath Basin, Oregon SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE grass; grazing; irrigation; nitrogen; pasture; water quality ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; PERENNIAL PASTURE; PHOSPHORUS LOSS; WATER-QUALITY; NITROGEN; RUNOFF; LOSSES; LIVESTOCK; DRAINAGE; LAND AB Distinguishing between anthropogenic and natural sources of sediment and nutrients is important for water resource management in irrigated basins. Water quality of flood irrigation was monitored at the field scale in the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, on two unfertilized cattle pastures that were 2 ha (Site 1) and 70 ha (Site 2) in area. Water samples were analyzed for concentrations of sediment, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), orthophosphate, ammonium-N (NH(4)(+)-N), and nitrate-N (NO(3)(-) -N). At both sites the TDN concentration was significantly greater in surface runoff than in applied irrigation water (P < 0.05). Site 1 sediment and TDP concentrations were significantly greater in irrigation surface runoff than in applied irrigation water (P < 0.05). A first flush during irrigation was observed at Site 1 where nutrient concentration was at maximum value during the first 3 h of surface runoff. At Site 2 the surface runoff sediment and TDP concentrations were not significantly (P > 0.05) higher than the applied irrigation, except when cattle were present. When export was measured, the mean yield of sediment and TDN per irrigation was 23.9 kg N . ha(-1) and 0.26 kg N . ha(-1), respectively, and there was a net retention of TDP of 0.04 kg P . ha(-1). NH(4)(+)-N export occurred during one irrigation event yielding 0.15 kg N . ha(-1). NO(3)(-) -N export was minimal or undetected. A late summer storm event resulted in pasture surface runoff concentrations of TDN and TDP that were 33 and 3 times higher, respectively, than irrigation source water concentrations. The TDN was significantly higher in subsurface runoff than it was in applied irrigation water (P < 0.05). Improved irrigation efficiency might prevent many of the nutrient and sediment transport mechanisms observed during this study. C1 [Griffith, S. M.] ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ciotti, D.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Klamath Falls Fish & Wildlife Off, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Kann, J.] Aquat Ecosyst Sci LLC, Ashland, OR 97520 USA. [Baham, J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Griffith, SM (reprint author), ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, USDA, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Steve.Griffith@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.2111/08-127.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 602YU UT WOS:000278175800005 ER PT J AU Augustine, DJ Derner, JD Milchunas, DG AF Augustine, David J. Derner, Justin D. Milchunas, Daniel G. TI Prescribed Fire, Grazing, and Herbaceous Plant Production in Shortgrass Steppe SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE blue grama; Bouteloua gracilis; dry matter digestibility; forage quality; grazing management; North American Great Plains; semiarid grassland; soil moisture ID BIG SAGEBRUSH STEPPE; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; SOIL-WATER; RESPONSES; GRASSLANDS; GROWTH; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; COMMUNITY AB We examined the independent and combined effects of prescribed fire and livestock grazing on herbaceous plant production in shortgrass steppe of northeastern Colorado in the North American Great Plains. Burning was implemented in March, before the onset of the growing season. During the first postburn growing season, burning had no influence on soil moisture, nor did it affect soil nitrogen (N) availability in spring (April May), but it significantly enhanced soil N availability in summer (June July). Burning had no influence on herbaceous plant production in the first postburn growing season but enhanced in vitro dry matter digestibility of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [Willd. ex Kunth] Lag. ex Griffiths) forage sampled in late May. For the second postburn growing season, we found no difference in herbaceous plant production between sites that were burned and grazed in the previous year versus sites that were burned and protected from grazing in the previous year. Our results provide further evidence that prescribed burns conducted in late winter in dormant vegetation can have neutral or positive consequences for livestock production because of a neutral effect on forage quantity and a short-term enhancement of forage quality. In addition, our results indicate that with conservative stocking rates, deferment of grazing during the first postburn growing season may not be necessary to sustain plant productivity. C1 [Augustine, David J.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Derner, Justin D.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Rangeland & Watershed Stewardship Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Milchunas, Daniel G.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Augustine, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM David.Augustine@ars.usda.gov RI Augustine, David/H-6167-2011 FU USDA-ARS; USDA-Forest Service; NSF [DEB-0217631] FX Research was funded by the USDA-ARS, USDA-Forest Service, and the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research Program (NSF DEB-0217631). NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 31 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00044.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 602YU UT WOS:000278175800006 ER PT J AU Huntsinger, L Johnson, M Stafford, M Fried, J AF Huntsinger, Lynn Johnson, Martin Stafford, Monica Fried, Jeremy TI Hardwood Rangeland Landowners in California from 1985 to 2004: Production, Ecosystem Services, and Permanence SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE attitudes; conservation easements; impermanence syndrome; land use; management; Quercus ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS ORIENTATIONS; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; EPHEMERAL WETLANDS; OWNERSHIP; RANCHERS; TEXAS; COLORADO; WEST; UTAH AB A longitudinal study of California hardwood rangelands shows significant change in landowner characteristics and goals. Results of three studies spanning 1985 to 2004 were used to develop and evaluate a multiagency research and extension program known as the Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program. Program-sponsored education and research aimed at encouraging landowners to change woodland management has been reflected in a significant reduction in oak cutting and an increase in oak planting. Recent changes have come with the times: landowners were as likely to have consulted land trusts about oaks as Cooperative Extension, and the number engaged in production of crops or livestock continued to decline. On the other hand, the proportion of landowners, including ranchers, reporting that they live in the oak woodland to benefit from ecosystem services such as natural beauty, recreation, and lifestyle benefits significantly increased. Though owners of large properties and ranchers were more strongly against regulation and "government interference" than other respondents, this did not appear to affect oak values and management. Property size remained significantly related to landowner goals, values, and practices, with those producing livestock owning most of the larger properties. There has been a decline in the number of properties being studied due to conversion of some from oak woodland to other uses, though the remaining respondents still own at least 10% of the woodlands. Landowners with conservation easements or those who are willing to consider them, who believe oak recruitment is inadequate, or who use advisory services were significantly less likely to cut oaks and more likely to plant them. Policy, management, and outreach that support synergies between production and conservation activities, and that combine ecosystem service-based income streams that encourage keeping land intact and increased land-use stability, are needed to support conservation of private rangelands. C1 [Huntsinger, Lynn] Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM ES, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fried, Jeremy] Pacific NW Forest & Range Expt Stn, Portland, OR 97230 USA. RP Huntsinger, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, ESPM ES, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Huntsinger@berkeley.edu RI Huntsinger, Lynn/G-5453-2011 OI Huntsinger, Lynn/0000-0001-9444-4152 FU University of California; California Agricultural Experiment Station; California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources FX Research was funded by the Integrated Hardwood Range Management Program of the University of California, the California Agricultural Experiment Station, and the California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources CORE grant program. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 22 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.2111/08-166.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 602YU UT WOS:000278175800007 ER PT J AU Utsumi, SA Cibils, AF Estell, RE Baker, TT Walker, JW AF Utsumi, Santiago A. Cibils, Andres F. Estell, Richard E. Baker, Terrell T. Walker, John W. TI One-Seed Juniper Sapling Use by Goats in Relation to Stocking Density and Mixed Grazing With Sheep SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE diet mixing; grazing systems; juniper control; targeted grazing ID REDBERRY JUNIPER; NEW-MEXICO; PREFERENCE; HERBIVORY; OVERSTORY; BENEFITS; BEHAVIOR; MAMMALS; ANGORA; FORAGE AB Suppression of one-seed juniper (Juniper monosperma [Englem.] Sarg.) reinvasion with goats requires achieving levels of defoliation of newly established saplings that eventually kill or suppress plant growth. We tested the effects of stocking density and mixed grazing with sheep on the level of use of one-seed juniper saplings by goats. In summer and spring, groups of 10 does (goats alone, GA) or 5 does and 4 ewes (mixed grazing, MG), grazed 20 x 30 m cells infested with saplings (500-533 . ha(-1); mean: 0.8 m tall), either continuously for 6 d (low stocking density, LD) or with daily rotation through 10 x 10 m cells during the 6-d period (high stocking density, HD) in a block design. Feeding activity; juniper in feces; utilization of herbaceous vegetation; frequency of saplings with light, moderate, and heavy foliage and bark use; and branch utilization were determined. Goats in HD spent more time feeding on saplings, less time feeding on herbaceous forages, and tended to consume more juniper than goats in LD. Utilization of herbaceous vegetation ranged from 52% to 73% and was higher for MG than GA and for LD than HD. The MG-HD treatment resulted in the highest frequency of short saplings ( < 0.5 m) with heavy defoliation in summer and spring, and lowest frequency of saplings with light debarking in spring. Heavy defoliation was more frequent in short saplings, whereas heavy debarking was more frequent in tall ( > 1 m) saplings. Sapling mortality was not affected by treatments (P > 0.05) and averaged 5% across treatments. Branch debarking was greater in spring (P = 0.02) and explained approximately 80% of branch mortality and 62% and 52% of the reduction in sapling live crown height and volume. Branch utilization (percent length) was not affected by grazing treatments (range: 45-48%), but was influenced by the length and diameter of branches. This study suggests that high stocking density and mixed grazing stimulate feeding behaviors that increase utilization of juniper saplings by goats. Susceptibility of saplings to defoliation and debarking varies with sapling size, branch structure, and season. Targeted grazing in spring appears to have a greater impact on sapling suppression and branch mortality due to higher debarking frequency. C1 [Cibils, Andres F.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Utsumi, Santiago A.] Michigan State Univ, WK Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Utsumi, Santiago A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. [Estell, Richard E.] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Walker, John W.] Texas AgriLife Res, San Angelo, TX 76901 USA. RP Cibils, AF (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM acibils@nmsu.edu FU US Department of Agriculture; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; Joe Skeen Institute for Rangeland Restoration FX This study was funded with a grant from the US Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Joe Skeen Institute for Rangeland Restoration, and contributions from the Corona Range and Livestock Research Center (CRLRC) and Texas AgriLife Research, San Angelo, TX, USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 63 IS 3 BP 373 EP 386 DI 10.2111/08-215.1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 602YU UT WOS:000278175800012 ER PT J AU Pyke, DA Brooks, ML D'Antonio, C AF Pyke, David A. Brooks, Matthew L. D'Antonio, Carla TI Fire as a Restoration Tool: A Decision Framework for Predicting the Control or Enhancement of Plants Using Fire SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire prescriptions; fire regime; life form; plant reproduction; resilience; vital attributes ID FUNCTIONAL TRAITS; SOIL TEMPERATURES; WOODY-PLANTS; MANAGEMENT; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST; COMMUNITIES; LANDSCAPES AB Wildfires change plant communities by reducing dominance of some species while enhancing the abundance of others. Detailed habitat-specific models have been developed to predict plant responses to fire, but these models generally ignore the breadth of fire regime characteristics that can influence plant survival such as the degree and duration of exposure to lethal temperatures. We provide a decision framework that integrates fire regime components, plant growth form, and survival attributes to predict how plants will respond to fires and how fires can be prescribed to enhance the likelihood of obtaining desired plant responses. Fires are driven by biotic and abiotic factors that dictate their temporal (seasonality and frequency), spatial (size and patchiness), and magnitude (intensity, severity, and type) components. Plant resistance and resilience to fire can be categorized by a combination of life form, size, and ability to disperse or protect seeds. We use a combination of life form and vital plant attributes along with an understanding of fire regime components to suggest a straightforward way to approach the use of fire to either reduce or enhance particular species. A framework for aiding decisions is organized by life form and plant size. Questions regarding perennating bud and seed characteristics direct restoration practitioners to fire regimes that may achieve their management objectives of either increasing or decreasing plants with specific life form characteristics. C1 [Pyke, David A.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brooks, Matthew L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. [D'Antonio, Carla] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Pyke, DA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis Res Grp, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david_a_pyke@usgs.gov FU U.S. Joint Fire Science Program [05-S-08]; U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center [9354-AKFC1] FX We thank S. Sullivan, J. DiTomaso for discussions and encouragement regarding this framework; two anonymous USGS reviewers, two Restoration Ecology reviewers, and C. Grant for helpful improvements to the article. This is contribution number 30 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP Proj #05-S-08), funded by the U.S. Joint Fire Science Program. Additional financial support came from U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Coordinated Intermountain Restoration Project (9354-AKFC1). NR 67 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 18 IS 3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00658.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 590DY UT WOS:000277205400003 ER PT J AU Martins, SG Avanzi, JC Silva, MLN Curi, N Norton, LD Fonseca, S AF Martins, Sergio Gualberto Avanzi, Junior Cesar Naves Silva, Marx Leandro Curi, Nilton Norton, Lloyd Darrell Fonseca, Sebastiao TI RAINFALL EROSIVITY AND RAINFALL RETURN PERIOD IN THE EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED OF ARACRUZ, IN THE COASTAL PLAIN OF ESPIRITO SANTO, BRAZIL SO REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO LA English DT Article DE kinetic energy; R-factor; USLE; recurrence interval; probability of occurrence ID SOIL; COEFFICIENT; REGION; STATE AB Knowledge on the factors influencing water erosion is fundamental for the choice of the best land use practices. Rainfall, expressed by rainfall erosivity, is one of the most important factors of water erosion. The objective of this study was to determine rainfall erosivity and the return period of rainfall in the Coastal Plains region, near Aracruz, a town in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil, based on available data. Rainfall erosivity was calculated based on historic rainfall data, collected from January 1998 to July 2004 at 5 min intervals, by automatic weather stations of the Aracruz Cellulose SA company. A linear regression with individual rainfall and erosivity data was fit to obtain an equation that allowed data extrapolation to calculate individual erosivity for a 30-year period. Based on this data the annual average rainfall erosivity in Aracruz was 8,536 MJ mm ha(-1) h(-1) yr(-1). Of the total annual rainfall erosivity 85% was observed in the most critical period October to March. Annual erosive rains accounted for 38% of the events causing erosion, although the runoff volume represented 88% of the total. The annual average rainfall erosivity return period was estimated to be 3.4 years. C1 [Martins, Sergio Gualberto] Arvore Consultoria Solucoes Ambientais, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Avanzi, Junior Cesar; Naves Silva, Marx Leandro; Curi, Nilton] Univ Fed Lavras, Dept Soil Sci, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. [Norton, Lloyd Darrell] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Fonseca, Sebastiao] Fibria Celulose SA Rodovia Aracruz, BR-29197000 Aracruz, ES, Brazil. RP Martins, SG (reprint author), Arvore Consultoria Solucoes Ambientais, Rua Desembargador Dario Lins 14,Apto 101, BR-37200000 Lavras, MG, Brazil. EM sergio@arvoreconsultoria.com.br; javanzi@gmail.com; marx@dcs.ufla.br; niltcuri@dcs.ufla.br; norton@purdue.edu; sf@fibria.com.br RI Avanzi, Junior/A-4659-2010 OI Avanzi, Junior/0000-0003-2455-0325 NR 33 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO PI VICOSA PA C P 231, BR-36571-000 VICOSA, MG, BRAZIL SN 0100-0683 J9 REV BRAS CIENC SOLO JI Rev. Bras. Cienc. Solo PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 3 BP 999 EP 1004 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 633DZ UT WOS:000280481000042 ER PT J AU Samaroo, D Dickerson, F Kasarda, DD Green, PHR Briani, C Yolken, RH Alaedini, A AF Samaroo, Diana Dickerson, Faith Kasarda, Donald D. Green, Peter H. R. Briani, Chiara Yolken, Robert H. Alaedini, Armin TI Novel immune response to gluten in individuals with schizophrenia SO SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gluten; Gliadin; Schizophrenia; Gluten sensitivity; Celiac disease; Antibody ID CELIAC-DISEASE; CEREBELLAR-ATAXIA; EXORPHIN B5; ANTIBODIES; ASSOCIATION; GLIADIN; PERMEABILITY; AUTOIMMUNITY; SENSITIVITY; CONNECTION AB A link between celiac disease and schizophrenia has been postulated for several years, based primarily on reports of elevated levels of antibody to gliadin in patients. We sought to examine the proposed connection between schizophrenia and celiac disease by characterizing the molecular specificity and mechanism of the anti-gliadin immune response in a subset of individuals with schizophrenia. Blood samples from individuals with schizophrenia and elevated anti-gliadin antibody titer were examined for celiac disease-associated biomarkers, including antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) enzyme and deamidated gliadin peptides, as well as the HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 MHC genes. The anti-gliadin antibody response was further characterized through examination of reactivity towards chromatographically separated gluten proteins. Target proteins of interest were identified by peptide mass mapping. In contrast to celiac disease patients, an association between the anti-gliadin immune response and anti-TG2 antibody or HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8 markers was not found in individuals with schizophrenia. In addition, the majority of individuals with schizophrenia and anti-gliadin antibody did not exhibit antibody reactivity to deamidated gliadin peptides. Further characterization of the antibody specificity revealed preferential reactivity towards different gluten proteins in the schizophrenia and celiac disease groups. These findings indicate that the anti-gliadin immune response in schizophrenia has a different antigenic specificity from that in celiac disease and is independent of the action of transglutaminase enzyme and HLA-DQ2/DQ8. Meanwhile, the presence of elevated levels of antibodies to specific gluten proteins points to shared immunologic abnormalities in a subset of schizophrenia patients. Further characterization and understanding of the immune response to gluten in schizophrenia may provide novel insights into the etiopathogenesis of specific disease phenotypes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Samaroo, Diana; Alaedini, Armin] Cornell Univ, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Weill Med Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Dickerson, Faith] Sheppard Pratt Hlth Syst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Kasarda, Donald D.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Green, Peter H. R.] Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Briani, Chiara] Univ Padua, Dept Neurosci, Padua, Italy. [Yolken, Robert H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Stanley Lab Dev Neurovirol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Alaedini, A (reprint author), 1300 York Ave,LC 819, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM ara2004@med.cornell.edu FU Stanley Medical Research Institute [08R-2061]; NIH-National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [5R21NS055323-02] FX This work was supported by The Stanley Medical Research Institute Grant 08R-2061 and NIH-National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant 5R21NS055323-02. The funding agencies had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. NR 44 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-9964 J9 SCHIZOPHR RES JI Schizophr. Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 118 IS 1-3 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.schres.2009.08.009 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 603NE UT WOS:000278214500036 PM 19748229 ER PT J AU Li, Z Liu, WZ Zhang, XC Zheng, FL AF Li Zhi Liu WenZhao Zhang XunChang Zheng FenLi TI Assessing and regulating the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China SO SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE climate change; water resources; SWAT; the Loess Plateau ID CHANGE SCENARIOS; LAND-USE; SOIL-EROSION; CROP PRODUCTION; RIVER-BASIN; GCM OUTPUT; MODEL; UNCERTAINTY; CATCHMENT; PRECIPITATION AB Climate change can cause considerable changes in water resources and assessing the potential impacts can provide important information for regional sustainable development. The objectives were to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change during 2010-2039 on water resources (runoff, soil water content, and evapotranspiration) in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China and to further explore adaptive measures to cope with the changes. Projections of four climate models (CCSR/NIES, CGCM2, CSIRO-Mk2, and HadCM3) under three emission scenarios (A2, B2, and GGa) were used to estimate future changes in precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature based on Change Factor method. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to simulate the hydrologic responses to climate changes. The CA-Markov model was used to develop land use scenarios. Compared with the present climate, the climate models predicted a -2.3% to 7.8% change in annual precipitation, 0.7 to 2.2A degrees C rises in maximum temperature, and 1.2 to 2.8A degrees C rises in minimum temperature. Without consideration of land use change, SWAT predicted a -19.8% to 37.0% change for runoff, -5.5% to 17.2% change for soil water content, and 0.1% to 5.9% increase for evapotranspiration during 2010-2039 under all climate scenarios. Though the change of hydrometeorolocial variables are complex, they would possibly increase with great probability, and the hydrological regime would be influenced such as a decrease in runoff in winter months. With land use changes, the projected land use of 2015 would increase soil water content by 4.0% and surface runoff by 5.7% while slightly decrease evapotranspiration by 0.6% compared with the 2000 land use. This result showed that adjustment of land use patterns was capable of regulating water resources and could be used to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. C1 [Li Zhi] NW A&F Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Li Zhi; Liu WenZhao; Zheng FenLi] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil & Water Conservat, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Li Zhi; Liu WenZhao; Zheng FenLi] Minist Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. [Zhang XunChang] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), NW A&F Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Yangling 712100, Peoples R China. EM lizhibox@126.com RI LI, ZHI/D-7204-2015 OI LI, ZHI/0000-0002-9268-6497 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-424, KZCX1-YW-09-07]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407201]; Talents Foundation of Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University [01140407] FX The careful reviews and constructive suggestions of two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. KZCX2-YW-424, KZCX1-YW-09-07), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB407201), and Talents Foundation of Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University (Grant No. 01140407). NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 38 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-7313 J9 SCI CHINA EARTH SCI JI Sci. China-Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 53 IS 5 BP 710 EP 720 DI 10.1007/s11430-009-0186-9 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 595WW UT WOS:000277645400010 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Gardner, DR Cheney, CC Panter, KE Hall, JO AF Pfister, James A. Gardner, Dale R. Cheney, Carl. C. Panter, Kip E. Hall, Jeffery O. TI The capability of several toxic plants to condition taste aversions in sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Alkaloids; Diterpene acids; Aversion; Sheep; Toxic plants ID C-FOS EXPRESSION; SELENIUM TOXICITY; ASTRAGALUS-BISULCATUS; PARABRACHIAL NUCLEUS; BRAIN-STEM; LOCOWEED; CATTLE; LESIONS; RATS; SWAINSONINE AB Grazing livestock frequently ingest toxic plants, occasionally with fatal results. Behavioral adjustments by livestock may reduce toxin intake; for example they can develop food aversions which may protect animals from over-ingestion of toxic plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three plants with different mechanisms of toxicity for their efficacy in conditioning a taste aversion: (1) a seleniferous plant. Xylorhiza glabriuscula, (2) an indolizidine alkaloid-containing plant, Astragalus lentiginosus, and (3) a diterpene acid-containing plant, Gutierrezia sarothrae. For each plant species, 15 sheep were divided into 3 treatment groups and periodically tested for consumption of a novel food, whole corn: (1) controls - given 200 g of ground alfalfa hay by oral gavage, (2) averted - given lithium chloride (LiCl) at 175 mg/kg BW via oral gavage, and (3) given the specific target plant by oral gavage. X. glabriuscula was given at a dose equivalent to 3 mg Se/kg BW; A. lentiginosus was given at a dose equivalent to 3 mg/kg of the toxic alkaloid, swainsonine; freshly thawed G. sarothrae was dosed at 5 g/kg body weight (BW). Both LiCl and Xylorhiza conditioned an aversion to corn, with sheep eating 1.6 and 0.6% of offered corn during the final test; controls were not averted, eating 93% of the corn (P < 0.01). Sheep were partially averted by Xylorhiza after a single dose, and the aversion was complete after the second dose. Sheep were not averted by A. lentiginosus or G. sarothrae. Of the three toxic plants used in this study, only Xylorhiza conditioned a taste aversion. These results likely reflect differing mechanisms of action of the plant toxin(s) on brain and gut structures important for forming conditioned taste aversions. These results suggest that conditioned aversions to Se-containing plants may help to deter consumption of such plants by grazing ruminants on rangelands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pfister, James A.; Gardner, Dale R.; Panter, Kip E.] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. [Cheney, Carl. C.] Utah State Univ, Dept Psychol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hall, Jeffery O.] Utah State Univ, Utah Vet Diagnost Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM Jim.Pfister@ars.usda.gov RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 90 IS 1-3 BP 114 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.02.009 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 599AP UT WOS:000277882500018 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS Teasdale, JR Roberts, DP Zasada, IA Maul, JE AF Buyer, Jeffrey S. Teasdale, John R. Roberts, Daniel P. Zasada, Inga A. Maul, Jude E. TI Factors affecting soil microbial community structure in tomato cropping systems SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PLFA; Microbial community; Tomato; Hairy vetch; Rye; Rhizosphere; Soil; Mulch ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; COVER CROPS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND SOILS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; WATER-STRESS; ARABLE SOILS; HAIRY VETCH; CARBON; MANAGEMENT AB Soil and rhizosphere microbial communities in agroecosystems may be affected by soil, climate, plant species, and management. The management and environmental factors controlling microbial biomass and community structure were identified in a three-year field experiment. The experiment consisted of a tomato production agroecosystem with the following nine treatments: bare soil, black polyethylene mulch, white polyethylene mulch, vetch cover crop, vetch roots only, vetch shoots only, rye cover crop, rye roots only, and rye shoots only. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) Temperature and moisture differences between polyethylene-covered and cover-cropped treatments are partly responsible for treatment effects on soil microbial community composition, and (2) Different species of cover crops have unique root and shoot effects on soil microbial community composition. Microbial biomass and community composition were measured by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Microbial biomass was increased by all cover crop treatments, including root only and shoot only. Cover cropping increased the absolute amount of all microbial groups, but Gram-positive bacteria decreased in proportion under cover crops. We attribute this decrease to increased readily available carbon under cover-cropped treatments, which favored other groups over Gram-positive bacteria. Higher soil temperatures under certain treatments also increased the proportion of Gram-positive bacteria. Vetch shoots increased the amount and proportion of Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The imposed treatments were much more significant than soil temperature, moisture, pH, and texture in controlling microbial biomass and community structure. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Buyer, Jeffrey S.; Teasdale, John R.; Roberts, Daniel P.; Maul, Jude E.] ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Zasada, Inga A.] ARS, USDA, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Buyer, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 140 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jeffrey.buyer@ars.usda.gov OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 65 TC 76 Z9 85 U1 6 U2 100 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 42 IS 5 BP 831 EP 841 DI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.01.020 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 584LR UT WOS:000276753900017 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Gilley, JE AF Wienhold, Brian J. Gilley, John E. TI Runoff Losses of N and P After Low Phosphorus Swine Slurry Application to No-Tillage Sorghum SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nutrient management; manure management; water quality; conservation tillage ID LOW-PHYTATE CORN; ORGANIC-MATTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; MANURE; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; RAINFALL; NITROGEN; DIETS; FERTILIZER AB Swine (Sus scrofa) manure can serve as a fertilizer source for crop production, but it typically contains more P relative to N than the crop requires, creating the potential for P losses in runoff. A 3-year study was conducted to compare runoff losses of NO(3)-N, NH(4)-N, total N, dissolved P, and total P under natural rainfall conditions from no-tillage sorghum plots [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] receiving inorganic fertilizer, manure from swine fed low-phytate corn (Zea mays L.) diet, or manure from swine fed a traditional corn diet. Runoff (26.5 mm in 1999, 14.2 mm in 2000, and 1.6 mm in 2001), sediment loss (2.9 kg ha(-1) in 1999, 0.9 kg ha(-1) in 2000, and 0.4 kg ha(-1) in 2001), and runoff nutrient losses differed among years but were similar among treatments within a year. Runoff losses of NO(3)-N (5.3 g ha(-1) in 1999, 1.0 g ha(-1) in 2000, and 2.6 g ha(-1) in 2001), NH(4)-N (2.9 g ha(-1) in 1999, 0.6 g ha(-1) in 2000, and 5.6 g ha(-1) in 2001), total N (89.7 g ha(-1) in 1999, 8.4 g ha(-1) in 2000, and 100.2 g ha(-1) in 2001), dissolved P (1.5 g ha(-1) in 1999, 0.5 g ha(-1) in 2000, and 3.1 g ha(-1) in 2001), and total P (3.8 g ha(-1) in 1999, 0.9 g ha(-1) in 2000, and 3.5 g ha(-1) in 2001) from these plots represented less than 1% of that applied each year. Although use of low-phytate corn reduces manure P content, it did not decrease runoff P under these no-tillage conditions. C1 [Wienhold, Brian J.; Gilley, John E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM brian.wienhold@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 175 IS 5 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181e055cd PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 602CT UT WOS:000278116800001 ER PT J AU Fox, GA Wilson, GV AF Fox, Garey A. Wilson, G. V. TI The Role of Subsurface Flow in Hillslope and Stream Bank Erosion: A Review SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID SEEPAGE EROSION; GROUNDWATER SEEPAGE; GULLY EROSION; STORM EVENTS; SOIL-PIPE; TRANSPORT PROCESSES; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; UPPER SUBCATCHMENT; SLOPE INSTABILITY; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB Sediment is one of the most common causes of stream impairment. Great progress has been made in understanding the processes of soil erosion due to surface runoff and incorporating these in prediction technologies. In many landscapes, however, the dominant source of sediment is derived from mass wasting of hillslopes and stream banks, potentially driven by subsurface flow We highlight the mechanisms and importance of subsurface flow processes in erosion associated with hillslopes and stream banks. Subsurface flow affects erosion directly by seepage and pipe flow processes and indirectly by the relationship of soil properties with soil water pressure. Seepage contributes to erosion through interrelated mechanisms: hydraulic gradient forces that reduce the resistance of the particle to dislodging from the soil matrix and particle mobilization when soil particles become entrained in exfiltrating water. Preferential flow through soil pipes results in internal erosion of the pipe, which may produce gullies by tunnel collapse. The eroded material can clog soil pipes, causing pore water pressure buildup inside the pipes that can result in landslides, debris flows, embankment failures, or reestablishment of ephemeral gullies. Research in the past decades has advanced our understanding of these processes, leading to mathematical relationships that can be incorporated into mechanistic, process-based models. Further research advances are necessary, however, especially on the complexity of the interactive effects of surface flow, seepage, pipe flow, and vegetation on soil erosion properties. More information is needed on the extent that subsurface flow contributes to hillslope and stream bank erosion. We believe that multidisciplinary efforts between soil scientists, geotechnical engineers, hydraulic engineers, and hydrologists are necessary to fully understand and integrate subsurface flow and soil erosion processes in simulation tools. C1 [Fox, Garey A.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Biosyst & Agric Eng, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Wilson, G. V.] USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Fox, GA (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dep Biosyst & Agric Eng, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM garey.fox@okstate.edu FU Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, USDA [2005-35102-17209] FX This material is based on work supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, USDA, under Award no. 2005-35102-17209. We acknowledge Dr. Maria L. Chu-Agor, Post-Doctorate Associate, University of Florida, and Amanda K. Fox, Stillwater, OK, for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 86 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 103 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 717 EP 733 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0319 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593YZ UT WOS:000277500600003 ER PT J AU Wielopolski, L Johnsen, K Zhang, Y AF Wielopolski, Lucian Johnsen, Kurt Zhang, Yuen TI Soil Analysis Based on Samples Withdrawn from Different Volumes: Correlation versus Calibration SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-CARBON; SPECTROSCOPY; UNCERTAINTY; VEGETATION; CLIMATE AB Soil, particularly in forests, is replete with spatial variation with respect to soil C. The present standard chemical method for soil analysis by dry combustion (DC) is destructive, and comprehensive sampling is labor intensive and time consuming. These, among other factors, are contributing to the development of new methods for soil analysis. These include a near- and mid-infrared (NIR and MIR) spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). These technologies overcome many of the state-of-the-art DC method's shortcomings and offer advances that it cannot. While NIR and MIR measure C bonds, the other two new methods, like DC, are more specific in measuring C and other elements based on chemical, atomic, and nuclear reactions. In addition to their fundamentally different physical principles, these approaches vastly differ in the volumes they typically sample: LIBS, 10(-9) m(3); DC, 10(-7) m(3); NIR and MIR, 10(-6) m(3); and INS, about 0.3 m(3). Thus, extra care is needed when comparing the findings from any two of these methods. Also, the high heterogeneity of the soil matrix, the nonuniformity of C distribution, and the presence of coarse fragments, particularly in forested ecosystems, further compound the difficulties in making direct comparisons. We investigated the implications of these differences when correlating any two of these methods and reviewed the processes of comparing a volumetric measurement against a point measurement. We also conducted a detailed comparison of the INS method with the standard DC test. We found that the total (soil organic matter and roots) measured by the INS correlated better than its components with the DC analyses( r(2) = 0.97, P = 10(-7)). The samples for DC analysis were taken from excavations of 40- by 40- by 40-cm plots, in 5- and 10-cm layers. C1 [Wielopolski, Lucian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Sci Dep, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Johnsen, Kurt] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Ecosyst Biol, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Zhang, Yuen] SUNY Stony Brook, Dep Appl Math & Stat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Sci Dep, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lwielo@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Special thanks go to Dr. F. Sanchez for his helpful discussions on preparing and analyzing soil samples. Partial support by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 is recognized. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 812 EP 819 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0205 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593YZ UT WOS:000277500600012 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Wilhelm, WW AF Varvel, G. E. Wilhelm, W. W. TI Long-Term Soil Organic Carbon as Affected by Tillage and Cropping Systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WESTERN CORN-BELT; ROTATION; QUALITY; PLAINS AB The use of conservation tillage systems for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production has increased in recent years because of several factors including their potential to reduce losses or sequester soil organic C (SOC). This study evaluated the effects on SOC of three cropping systems (continuous corn [CC], continuous soybean [CSB], and soybean-corn [SB-C]) in six primary tillage systems (chisel, disk, plow, no-till, ridge-till, and subtill) under rainfed conditions in southeastern Nebraska. Soil samples were collected in depth increments of 0 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm in the fall of 1989 and 2004 after harvest and analyzed for SOC. No significant differences in SOC concentrations were obtained among tillage treatments in any depth in a partial sampling of a study that was done in 1989. Tillage treatment and cropping system both significantly affected SOC concentrations and reserves at all depths in 2004, but only bulk density at a few depths. No-till SOC reserves ranged from 4.8 to 11.6 Mg ha(-1) greater than SOC reserves in the other tillage treatments in the 0- to 30-cm depth. Similarly, SOC concentrations and reserves were greatest in CC and least in CSB, with intermediate values for SB-C in all tillage systems. Soil organic C levels were maintained or even increased in all tillage systems; however, the greatest increases were obtained in systems with the least amount of soil disturbance, which strongly supports the adoption and use of conservation tillage systems for soil sustainability. C1 [Varvel, G. E.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Varvel, G. E.] Univ Nebraska, Dep Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM Gary.Varvel@ars.usda.gov FU ARS FX Dr. Varvel would especially like to thank his coauthor, Dr. Wally Wilhelm, who passed away in the fall of 2008 from pancreatic cancer, for his unending enthusiasm and continual optimism throughout their many joint projects during the past 25 years. He also thanks Lloyd Mielke for having the foresight to initiate this study in 1980 and to Wally for taking over and continuing it after Lloyd retired. Thanks are due also to the numerous scientists, technicians, and graduate students who have helped maintain and sample these plots during the past 30 years. This publication is based on work supported by the ARS under the GRACEnet Project. NR 18 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 25 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 915 EP 921 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0362 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593YZ UT WOS:000277500600023 ER PT J AU Slesak, RA Schoenholtz, SH Harrington, TB AF Slesak, Robert A. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Harrington, Timothy B. TI Soil Respiration and Carbon Responses to Logging Debris and Competing Vegetation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BELOW-GROUND CARBON; ORGANIC-MATTER; DOUGLAS-FIR; PINE PLANTATIONS; ROOT RESPIRATION; FOREST SOILS; CO2 EFFLUX; CLEAR-CUT; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION AB Management practices following forest harvesting that modify organic matter (OM) inputs and influence changes in the soil environment have the potential to alter soil C pools, but there is still much uncertainty regarding how these practices influence soil C flux. We examined the influence of varying amounts of logging-debris retention (0, 40, and 80% coverage) and vegetation control (initial or annual applications) on in situ bulk soil respiration, microbial respiration, and total soil C at two Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] sites. Annual vegetation control decreased bulk respiration, which was attributed to reduced root respiration and OM inputs when competing vegetation was absent. There was no difference in potential microbial respiration or total soil C pools between vegetation-control treatments, indicating that OM inputs from competing vegetation were rapidly consumed in situ. Logging-debris retention reduced bulk respiration, microbial respiration, and soil temperature, but the significance and magnitude of the difference were variable. A soil temperature function explained between 44 and 76% of the variation in microbial and bulk respiration, but there was no effect of reduced temperature on microbial respiration with 40% coverage. Total soil C at the end of the experiment was higher with 80% coverage at the site with relatively low initial total soil C, but there was also a significant increase in total soil C at both sites when the logging debris was removed. The results suggest that root decomposition following harvesting causes an increase in total soil C, which is dependent on the magnitude of logging-debris retention, its influence on the soil environment, and ultimately the microbial response. C1 [Slesak, Robert A.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Water Resources Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Harrington, Timothy B.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Slesak, RA (reprint author), Minnesota Forest Resources Council, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM slesa003@umn.edu FU Pacific Northwest Research Station FX This is a product of the Sustainable Forestry component of Agenda 2020, a joint effort of USDA Forest Service Research and Development and the American Forest and Paper Association. Funds were provided by the Pacific Northwest Research Station. Research partners included Green Diamond Resource Company, Port Blakely Tree Farms LLC, Oregon State University, and Virginia Tech. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 936 EP 946 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0234 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593YZ UT WOS:000277500600025 ER PT J AU Busse, MD Shestak, CJ Hubbert, KR Knapp, EE AF Busse, Matt D. Shestak, Carol J. Hubbert, Ken R. Knapp, Eric E. TI Soil Physical Properties Regulate Lethal Heating during Burning of Woody Residues SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIRE CONDITIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SIMULATED FIRE; WATER-CONTENT; SURFACE FIRE; TEMPERATURES; MOISTURE; BEHAVIOR; BENEATH; MODEL AB Temperatures well in excess of the lethal threshold for roots (60 C) have been measured in forest soils when woody fuels are burned. Whether this heat pulse is strongly moderated by soil moisture or soil texture is not fully understood, however. We measured soil heat profiles during 60 experimental burns, identifying changes in maximum soil temperature and heat duration above 60 degrees C as a function of soil moisture and soil texture. Experimental treatments included a factorial combination of soil moisture (similar to 5, 15, 30, and 45% v/v) and soil textural (sandy loam, sandy loam pumice, loam, clay loam) gradients, with a surface fuel load comprised of a dense layer of masticated wood. Soil moisture had a strong influence on heat transfer. A volumetric moisture content of 20% or greater quenched the heat pulse in all soils at depths of 2.5 cm and lower. In comparison, soil temperatures in dry soil far exceeded the lethal threshold to a depth of 10 cm. Differences in heating characteristics among the four soil types were minor despite their dissimilarities in texture, porosity, bulk density, and presumed thermal conductivity. It was also shown that intact soil cores were required to produce accurate heat profiles during burning, as maximum soil temperatures in the surface 5 cm were overestimated by 40 to 100 degrees C using disturbed soil (sieved and packed). The empirical results along with a simple predictive model of soil heating show that burning of woody fuels when underlying soils have 20% volumetric moisture or greater is an effective means for limiting lethal heating in a variety of soils. C1 [Busse, Matt D.; Hubbert, Ken R.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Shestak, Carol J.; Knapp, Eric E.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1731 Res Pk Dr, Davis, CA 95618 USA. EM mbusse@fs.fed.us FU Joint Fire Science Program; U.S. National Fire Plan FX We thank Bill Abbott, Bob Carlson, Elishau Dotson, Gary Fiddler, Dilbagh Garcha, Don Jones, and Emily Orling for their assistance in preparing and conducting the experimental burns. Funding support was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program and by the U.S. National Fire Plan. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 22 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 947 EP 955 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0322 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593YZ UT WOS:000277500600026 ER PT J AU Ping, CL Michaelson, GJ Kane, ES Packee, EC Stiles, CA Swanson, DK Zaman, ND AF Ping, C. L. Michaelson, G. J. Kane, E. S. Packee, E. C. Stiles, C. A. Swanson, D. K. Zaman, N. D. TI Carbon Stores and Biogeochemical Properties of Soils under Black Spruce Forest, Alaska SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC ALASKA; INTERIOR ALASKA; BOREAL FOREST; LATITUDINAL TRANSECT; CRYOGENIC SOILS; ORGANIC-CARBON; TUNDRA SOILS; PERMAFROST; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE AB Fifty-two soils under black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al.]-dominated forest communities were examined and assessed for their organic C (OC) stores in relation to soil characteristics. Study sites were located on a variety of parent materials, landscape positions, and drainage conditions. Results indicate that soils at most sites were weakly developed, commonly with organic (0) horizons ranging from 3 to 39 cm (>= 100 cm occasionally). Organic C stores tended to increase as drainage changed from somewhat excessive and well to very poorly drained (average to 1 m: 12.6-50.9 kg OC m(-2), respectively). The lowest OC store for an individual site was 7.1 kg OC m(-2) in a well-drained soil on an outwash plain and the highest was 109 kg C m(-2) in a very poorly drained soil. Surface organic horizons contained 13 to 100% of the total pedon OC stores. In Gelisols, permafrost sequestered an average of 9, 19, and 39% of SOC stores for the somewhat poorly, poorly, and very poorly drained soils, respectively. The presence of permafrost in poorly drained sites increased average OC stores from 27.8 to 50.1 kg OC m(-2) over those without permafrost. Soil bulk density, cation exchange capacity, and extractable acidity assessed in relation to OC stores of genetic horizons illustrate the significant impact of OC on soil properties. In previous ecological studies in Alaska, OC was determined for only the surface horizons; our data suggest that such shallow sampling may underestimate total OC stores by an average of 26% and up to 68%. C1 [Ping, C. L.; Michaelson, G. J.; Packee, E. C.; Zaman, N. D.] Univ Alaska, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Kane, E. S.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Stiles, C. A.] NRCS, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Swanson, D. K.] Natl Pk Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Ping, CL (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Agr & Forestry Expt Stn, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. EM pfclp@uaa.alaska.edu NR 68 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 969 EP 978 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0152 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593YZ UT WOS:000277500600028 ER PT J AU McFarlane, KJ Schoenholtz, SH Powers, RF Perakis, SS AF McFarlane, Karis J. Schoenholtz, Stephen H. Powers, Robert F. Perakis, Steven S. TI Soil Organic Matter Stability in Intensively Managed Ponderosa Pine Stands in California SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BELOW-GROUND CARBON; FOREST SOILS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; DENSITY FRACTIONATION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; VEGETATION CONTROL; 10-YEAR RESPONSES; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB Forest soils comprise a large portion of the global terrestrial C pool, and soil organic matter (SOM) is essential to soil function and forest productivity; however, responses of SOM quality to changes in fertility, moisture availability, or management are not well understood. We tested the effects of two common forest management practices, fertilization and competing vegetation control using herbicides, on surface SOM distribution and stability characteristics in three ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. Lawson & C. Lawson) plantations of differing productivity, soil type, and parent material in northern California by using density fractionation and aerobic laboratory incubation of the surface soils. The treatment effects on pine productivity revealed responses dominated by moisture limitation at the less productive sites and by nutrient hesitation at the most productive site. The stability of surface SOM increased with increasing site productivity. Fertilization increased N concentrations and decreased C/N ratios in whole soils and light fractions at the less productive sites, and the effects persisted for more than a decade. Furthermore, fertilization increased soil C mineralization from the intermediate-productivity site during incubation. In contrast, fertilization decreased C mineralization from the most productive site, suggesting that fertilization increased SOM stabilization at this site. Controlling understory vegetation with herbicides reduced N availability, as evidenced by reduced light-fraction N at the poorest site and decreased N mineralization during incubation. Our study demonstrates the importance of site characteristics and the use of a combination of indices in determining the effects of forest management practices on SOM characteristics and dynamics. C1 [McFarlane, Karis J.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Schoenholtz, Stephen H.] Oregon State Univ, Dep Forest Engn Resources & Management, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Powers, Robert F.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Perakis, Steven S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McFarlane, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, POB 808,L-397, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mcfarlane3@llnl.gov OI McFarlane, Karis/0000-0001-6390-7863 FU National Fire Plan; Sierra-Cascade Intensive Forest Management Research Cooperative; Sierra Pacific Industries; U.S. Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX Bert Spear and Dave Young provided help in sample collection. Christina Catricala, Melissa McCartney, and Michele Pruyn provided laboratory assistance. Elizabeth Sulzman, Susan Crow, and Phil Sollins shared thoughtful and extremely helpful advice concerning the selection and application of methods for characterizing SOM. Dave Myrold and Chris Swanston provided similar advice in addition to constructive comments on the manuscript. Rob Slesak and Tom Guilderson also reviewed drafts of the manuscript. Financial support for this study was provided by the National Fire Plan, the Sierra-Cascade Intensive Forest Management Research Cooperative, and Sierra Pacific Industries. Land and labor were provided by W.M. Beaty & Associates, Crane Mills, and Sierra Pacific Industries. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Government of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 91 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 21 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 74 IS 3 BP 979 EP 992 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0062 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 593YZ UT WOS:000277500600029 ER PT J AU Cram, MM Outcalt, KW Zarnoch, SJ AF Cram, Michelle M. Outcalt, Kenneth W. Zarnoch, Stanley J. TI Growth of Longleaf and Loblolly Pine Planted on South Carolina Sandhill Sites SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus palustris; Pinus taeda; Pisolithus tinctorius; mycorrhizae; volume; containerized seedlings ID SEEDLINGS AB Performance of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) were compared 15-19 years after outplanting on 10 different sites in the sandhills of South Carolina. The study was established from 1988 to 1992 with bareroot seedlings artificially inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally inoculated with mycorrhizae in the nursery. A containerized longleaf pine treatment with and without Pt inoculation was added to two sites in 1992. Effects of the Pt nursery treatment were mixed, with a decrease in survival of bareroot longleaf pine on two sites and an increase in survival on another site. The containerized longleaf pine treatment substantially increased survival, which led to greater volume compared with bareroot longleaf pine. Loblolly pine yielded more volume than longleaf pine on all sites but one, where survival was negatively affected by fire. Depth of sandy surface horizon affected mean annual height growth of both labially and longleaf pine. Height growth per year decreased with an increase in sand depth for both species. Multiple regression analysis of volume growth (ft(3)/ac per year) for both species indicated a strong relationship to depth of sandy soil and survival. After 15-19 years, loblolly pine has been more productive than longleaf pine, although longleaf pine productivity may be equal to or greater than that of labially pine on the soils with the deepest sandy surface layers over longer rotations. C1 [Cram, Michelle M.; Outcalt, Kenneth W.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Zarnoch, Stanley J.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Cram, MM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Reg 8 Forest Heath Protect,320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM mcram@fs.fed.us NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 34 IS 2 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 592QY UT WOS:000277395700004 ER PT J AU Patindol, J Guraya, H Champagne, E Chen, MH McClung, A AF Patindol, James Guraya, Harmeet Champagne, Elaine Chen, Ming-Hsuan McClung, Anna TI Relationship of cooked-rice nutritionally important starch fractions with other physicochemical properties SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE Amylose; Chemometrics; Nutrition; Rice; Starch digestibility ID WAXY GENE HAPLOTYPES; IN-VITRO STARCH; RESISTANT STARCH; MILLED-RICE; GERMPLASM COLLECTION; AMYLOSE CONTENT; CULTIVARS; DIGESTIBILITY; ASSOCIATIONS; VARIETIES AB Sixteen rice cultivars representing five cytosine-thymine repeat (CT(n)) microsatellite genetic marker groups were analyzed for their cooked rice nutritionally important starch fractions (NISFs, which include rapidly digestible (ADS), slowly digestible (SDS), and resistant starch (RS)), basic grain quality indices (apparent amylose (AM), crude protein (CP), alkali spreading value (AS), and gel consistency (GC)), pasting characteristics, and thermal properties. Chemometric tools (bivariate correlation, principal component analysis, multiple linear regression, and partial least squares regression) were used to establish the association of NISF with other milled rice physicochemical properties. CT(11) was generally associated with high percentages of RS and SDS, and a low percentage of RDS. CT(14) was associated with low SDS; whereas, CT(17) and CT(18) were associated with low RS. The CT(20) cultivars were similar to CT(11) in SDS and RS; and to CT(14), CT(17), and CT(18) in ADS content. ADS, SDS, and RS were loaded on three different quadrants of the principal component similarity map. RDS was not significantly correlated with any of the physicochemical properties; whereas, SDS was positively correlated with GC. RS was positively correlated with AM, setback (SB) viscosity, total setback (TSB) viscosity, and peak gelatinization temperature; and negatively correlated with breakdown (BD) viscosity Multivariate techniques indicated lack of robustness in predicting RDS and SDS as the models only explained <50% of the variance. More robust regression models were obtained for RS, explaining >60% of its variation. Basic grain quality indices explained NISF variations better than pasting and thermal properties. C1 [Patindol, James; Guraya, Harmeet; Champagne, Elaine] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. [Chen, Ming-Hsuan] USDA ARS, Rice Res Unit, Beaumont, TX USA. [McClung, Anna] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Patindol, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM james.patindol@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD MAY PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 BP 246 EP 256 DI 10.1002/star.200900260 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 605JN UT WOS:000278344000004 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Rice, WC Clark, RN Straus, DC AF Purdy, Charles W. Rice, William C. Clark, R. Nolan Straus, David C. TI INFLUENCE OF FEEDYARDS ON BIOAEROSOLS OF TWO SMALL TOWNS ON THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS; CATTLE FEEDLOT SOIL; AIR-POLLUTION; US CITIES; MICROORGANISMS; DUST; EXPOSURE; SWINE; ENDOTOXINS; MORTALITY AB Aerosol particulates and bioaerosols were compared between two small cities located in the Southern High Plains. Aerosol particulate generators in rural communities have not been well studied. City A had more than 35 feedyards located in and near it, while City B had one feedyard located beyond the air sampling area. Two sites were located in each of the two cities, and one farm was located downwind of each city. The sites were monitored non-concurrently in the fall. Aerosol particulates were monitored by using PM(2.5) and PM(10) gravimetric monitors; two cyclones air samplers, two laser aerosol monitors, six biological cascade impactors, and a weather station. There were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher mean concentrations of PM(2.5) particulates for City A (16.48 +/- 1.3 mu g/m(3) of air) compared to City B (7.22 +/- 0.7 mu g/m(3) of air). There were no significant differences in PM(10) concentrations between the two cities (City A, 29.97 +/- 2.7 mu g/m(3) of air and City B, 31.63 +/- 1.7 mu g/m(3) of air). The cyclone monitor and laser aerosol monitor data indicated higher total concentration of particulates in City B than City A. City A had a significantly (P < 0.0001) higher concentration of total microbes 55.7 +/- 3.9 mu g/m(3) of air compared to City B, 33.9 +/- 2.2 mu g/m(3) of air. The maximum windspeed was higher and lasted for a longer duration in City B than in City A. It was concluded that the feedyards probably increased the concentration of PM(2.5) particulates in and around City A. These data may have far reaching implications for cities considering having feedyards located in or around their vicinity. C1 [Purdy, Charles W.; Rice, William C.; Clark, R. Nolan] ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Straus, David C.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM David.Straus@ttuhsc.edu NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI KERRVILLE PA CMB 6252, SCHREINER UNIV, KERRVILLE, TX 78028-5697 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 62 IS 2 BP 83 EP 110 PG 28 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 739PJ UT WOS:000288729900001 ER PT J AU Jordan, DR Mace, ES Henzell, RG Klein, PE Klein, RR AF Jordan, D. R. Mace, Emma S. Henzell, R. G. Klein, P. E. Klein, R. R. TI Molecular mapping and candidate gene identification of the Rf2 gene for pollen fertility restoration in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PENTATRICOPEPTIDE REPEAT PROTEINS; DART MARKERS; DIVERSITY; MAPS; SSR AB The A1 cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility system in sorghum is used almost exclusively for the production of commercial hybrid seed and thus, the dominant genes that restore male fertility in F(1) hybrids are of critical importance to commercial seed production. The genetics of fertility restoration in sorghum can appear complex, being controlled by at least two major genes with additional modifiers and additional gene-environment interaction. To elucidate the molecular processes controlling fertility restoration and to develop a marker screening system for this important trait, two sorghum recombinant inbred line populations were created by crossing a restorer and a non-restoring inbred line, with fertility phenotypes evaluated in hybrid combination with three unique cytoplasmic male sterile lines. In both populations, a single major gene segregated for restoration which was localized to chromosome SBI-02 at approximately 0.5 cM from microsatellite marker, Xtxp304. In the two populations we observed that approximately 85 and 87% of the phenotypic variation in seed set was associated with the major Rf gene on SBI-02. Some evidence for modifier genes was also observed since a continuum of partial restored fertility was exhibited by lines in both RIL populations. With the prior report (Klein et al. in Theor Appl Genet 111:994-1012, 2005) of the cloning of the major fertility restoration gene Rf1 in sorghum, the major fertility restorer locus identified in this study was designated Rf2. A fine-mapping population was used to resolve the Rf2 locus to a 236,219-bp region of chromosome SBI-02, which spanned similar to 31 predicted open reading frames including a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family member. The PPR gene displayed high homology with rice Rf1. Progress towards the development of a marker-assisted screen for fertility restoration is discussed. C1 [Jordan, D. R.; Mace, Emma S.; Henzell, R. G.] Queensland Primary Ind & Fisheries, Hermitage Res Stn, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. [Klein, P. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, P. E.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Klein, R. R.] USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Jordan, DR (reprint author), Queensland Primary Ind & Fisheries, Hermitage Res Stn, MS508, Warwick, Qld 4370, Australia. EM David.R.Jordan@deedi.qld.gov.au; emma.mace@deedi.qld.gov.au RI Mace, Emma/C-8129-2011; Jordan, David/A-7103-2011 OI Jordan, David/0000-0002-8128-1304 FU Australian Grains Research and Development Cooperation (GRDC); USDA-ARS; Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries FX We thank the Australian Grains Research and Development Cooperation (GRDC; http://www.grdc.com.au), USDA-ARS and Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries providing financial support for this research. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1279 EP 1287 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1255-3 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 583KS UT WOS:000276674500001 PM 20091293 ER PT J AU Soria-Guerra, RE Rosales-Mendoza, S Chang, SY Haudenshield, JS Padmanaban, A Rodriguez-Zas, S Hartman, GL Ghabrial, SA Korban, SS AF Soria-Guerra, Ruth Elena Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio Chang, Sungyul Haudenshield, James S. Padmanaban, Annamalai Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra Hartman, Glen L. Ghabrial, Said A. Korban, Schuyler S. TI Transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible genotypes of Glycine tomentella during Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection reveals novel rust resistance genes SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DEFENSE-RELATED GENES; SOYBEAN RUST; MESSENGER-RNA; PLANT DEFENSE; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; FUNGAL INFECTION; CAUSAL AGENT; GROWTH STAGE AB Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is a destructive foliar disease in nearly all soybean-producing countries. To identify genes controlling resistance to soybean rust, transcriptome profiling was conducted in resistant and susceptible Glycine tomentella genotypes triggered by P. pachyrhizi infection. Among 38,400 genes monitored using a soybean microarray, at 5% false discovery rate, 1,342 genes were identified exhibiting significant differential expression between uninfected and P. pachyrhizi-infected leaves at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi) in both rust-susceptible and rust-resistant genotypes. Differentially expressed genes were grouped into 12 functional categories, and among those, large numbers relate to basic plant metabolism. Transcripts for genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were up-regulated early during rust infection. Similarly, genes coding for proteins related to stress and defense responses such as glutathione-S-transferases, peroxidases, heat shock proteins, and lipoxygenases were consistently up-regulated following infection at all four time points. Whereas, subsets of genes involved in cellular transport, cellular communication, cell cycle, and DNA processing were down-regulated. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on randomly selected genes from the different categories confirmed these findings. Of differentially expressed genes, those associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway as well as those coding for peroxidases and lipoxygenases were likely to be involved in rust resistance in soybean, and would serve as good candidates for functional studies. These findings provided insights into mechanisms underlying resistance and general activation of plant defense pathways in response to rust infection. C1 [Soria-Guerra, Ruth Elena; Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio; Chang, Sungyul; Hartman, Glen L.; Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Haudenshield, James S.; Korban, Schuyler S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Padmanaban, Annamalai; Ghabrial, Said A.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant Pathol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Rodriguez-Zas, Sandra] Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. RP Korban, SS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM korban@illinois.edu RI Moreira, Eder/B-2309-2010 FU United Soybean Board [7262]; Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR) [IDA CF07I-016-3-SEN]; CONACYT (Mexico) [81276] FX This study was supported by a grant received from the United Soybean Board project no. 7262. Funds were also received from the Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research (C-FAR) project no. IDA CF07I-016-3-SEN. Partial funding was also received from CONACYT (Mexico) to support scholarship no. 81276. NR 72 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1315 EP 1333 DI 10.1007/s00122-009-1258-0 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 583KS UT WOS:000276674500004 PM 20058146 ER PT J AU Hinchliffe, DJ Meredith, WR Yeater, KM Kim, HJ Woodward, AW Chen, ZJ Triplett, BA AF Hinchliffe, Doug J. Meredith, William R. Yeater, Kathleen M. Kim, Hee Jin Woodward, Andrew W. Chen, Z. Jeffrey Triplett, Barbara A. TI Near-isogenic cotton germplasm lines that differ in fiber-bundle strength have temporal differences in fiber gene expression patterns as revealed by comparative high-throughput profiling SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; SECONDARY CELL-WALL; NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; CELLULOSE SYNTHASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; NIGHT TEMPERATURE; HIGHER-PLANTS; IN-VITRO; ELONGATION AB Gene expression profiles of developing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers from two near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ in fiber-bundle strength, short-fiber content, and in fewer than two genetic loci were compared using an oligonucleotide microarray. Fiber gene expression was compared at five time points spanning fiber elongation and secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. Fiber samples were collected from field plots in a randomized, complete block design, with three spatially distinct biological replications for each NIL at each time point. Microarray hybridizations were performed in a loop experimental design that allowed comparisons of fiber gene expression profiles as a function of time between the two NILs. Overall, developmental expression patterns revealed by the microarray experiment agreed with previously reported cotton fiber gene expression patterns for specific genes. Additionally, genes expressed coordinately with the onset of SCW biosynthesis in cotton fiber correlated with gene expression patterns of other SCW-producing plant tissues. Functional classification and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between the two NILs revealed that genes associated with SCW biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated in fibers of the high-fiber quality line at the transition stage of cotton fiber development. For independent corroboration of the microarray results, 15 genes were selected for quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of fiber gene expression. These analyses, conducted over multiple field years, confirmed the temporal difference in fiber gene expression between the two NILs. We hypothesize that the loci conferring temporal differences in fiber gene expression between the NILs are important regulatory sequences that offer the potential for more targeted manipulation of cotton fiber quality. C1 [Hinchliffe, Doug J.; Triplett, Barbara A.] ARS, USDA, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Meredith, William R.] ARS, USDA, MSA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Yeater, Kathleen M.] ARS, USDA, SPA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Kim, Hee Jin] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Woodward, Andrew W.; Chen, Z. Jeffrey] Univ Texas Austin, Sect Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Triplett, BA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM doug.hinchliffe@ars.usda.gov; bill.meredith@ars.usda.gov; kathleen.yeater@ars.usda.gov; heejin.kim@ars.usda.gov; Andrew.W.Woodward@rice.edu; zjchen@mail.utexas.edu; barbtriplett@gmail.com FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [6435-21000-015-00]; National Science Foundation [0624077] FX The authors thank the staff of the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit for their technical expertise in conducting the Weld work. We also thank Jeff Cary, Jay Shockey, Josh Udall, Jonathan Wendel, Sam Yang, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments during the preparation of this manuscript. This research was funded by United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service project 6435-21000-015-00 and by a grant from the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Project-Award Number 0624077. NR 76 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1347 EP 1366 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1260-6 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 583KS UT WOS:000276674500006 PM 20087569 ER PT J AU Chu, CG Faris, JD Xu, SS Friesen, TL AF Chu, C. -G. Faris, J. D. Xu, S. S. Friesen, Timothy L. TI Genetic analysis of disease susceptibility contributed by the compatible Tsn1-SnToxA and Snn1-SnTox1 interactions in the wheat-Stagonospora nodorum pathosystem SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GLUME BLOTCH RESISTANCE; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXIN; SEPTORIA-NODORUM; WINTER-WHEAT; TAN SPOT; TSN1-TOXA INTERACTION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; SENSITIVITY GENES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; DIALLEL ANALYSIS AB Stagonospora nodorum is a foliar pathogen of wheat that produces several host-selective toxins (HSTs) and causes the disease Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB). The wheat genes Snn1 and Tsn1 confer sensitivity to the HSTs SnTox1 and SnToxA, respectively. The objectives of this study were to dissect, quantify, and compare the effects of compatible Snn1-SnTox1 and Tsn1-SnToxA interactions on susceptibility in the wheat-S. nodorum pathosystem. Inoculation of a wheat doubled haploid population that segregates for both Snn1 and Tsn1 with an S. nodorum isolate that produces both SnTox1 and SnToxA indicated that both interactions were strongly associated with SNB susceptibility. The Snn1-SnTox1 and Tsn1-SnToxA interactions explained 22 and 28% of the variation in disease, respectively, and together they explained 48% indicating that their effects are largely additive. The Snn1-SnTox1 interaction accounted for 50% of the variation when the population was inoculated with an S. nodorum strain where the SnToxA gene had been mutated, eliminating the Tsn1-SnToxA interaction. These results support the theory that the wheat-S. nodorum pathosystem is largely based on multiple host-toxin interactions that follow an inverse gene-for-gene scenario at the host-toxin interface, but disease exhibits quantitative variation due to the mainly additive nature of compatible interactions. The elimination of either Snn1 or Tsn1 toxin sensitivity alleles resulted in decreased susceptibility, but the elimination of both interactions was required to obtain high levels of resistance. We propose the use of molecular markers to select against Snn1, Tsn1, and other toxin sensitivity alleles to develop wheat varieties with high levels of SNB resistance. C1 [Chu, C. -G.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Faris, J. D.; Xu, S. S.; Friesen, Timothy L.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Friesen, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM timothy.friesen@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-037-00D, 5442-22000-030-00D] FX This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Projects 5442-22000-037-00D and 5442-22000-030-00D. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1451 EP 1459 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1267-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 583KS UT WOS:000276674500013 PM 20084492 ER PT J AU Wu, JX McCarty, JC Jenkins, JN AF Wu, Jixiang McCarty, Jack C. Jenkins, Johnie N. TI Cotton chromosome substitution lines crossed with cultivars: genetic model evaluation and seed trait analyses SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-BARBADENSE L.; NATURAL ALLELIC VARIATION; UPLAND COTTON; QUALITY TRAITS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; INDICA RICE; HIRSUTUM-L; OIL; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM AB Seed from upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., provides a desirable and important nutrition profile. In this study, several seed traits (protein content, oil content, seed hull fiber content, seed index, seed volume, embryo percentage) for F(3) hybrids of 13 cotton chromosome substitution lines crossed with five elite cultivars over four environments were evaluated. Oil and protein were expressed both as percentage of total seed weight and as an index which is the grams of product/100 seeds. An additive and dominance (AD) genetic model with cytoplasmic effects was designed, assessed by simulations, and employed to analyze these seed traits. Simulated results showed that this model was sufficient for analyzing the data structure with F(3) and parents in multiple environments without replications. Significant cytoplasmic effects were detected for seed oil content, oil index, seed index, seed volume, and seed embryo percentage. Additive effects were significant for protein content, fiber content, protein index, oil index, fiber index, seed index, seed volume, and embryo percentage. Dominance effects were significant for oil content, oil index, seed index, and seed volume. Cytoplasmic and additive effects for parents and dominance effects in homozygous and heterozygous forms were predicted. Favorable genetic effects were predicted in this study and the results provided evidence that these seed traits can be genetically improved. In addition, chromosome associations with AD effects were detected and discussed in this study. C1 [Wu, Jixiang] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [McCarty, Jack C.; Jenkins, Johnie N.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McCarty, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM jack.mccarty@ars.usda.gov RI Wu, Jixiang/C-4084-2009 FU Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station [900100] FX This study was supported in part by Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (Project 900100). Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11692 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. Mention of trademark, proprietary products, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA nor any other participating institution and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 120 IS 7 BP 1473 EP 1483 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1269-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 583KS UT WOS:000276674500015 PM 20087566 ER PT J AU Xu, SS Chu, CG Chao, S Klindworth, DL Faris, JD Elias, EM AF Xu, Steven S. Chu, C. G. Chao, S. Klindworth, D. L. Faris, J. D. Elias, E. M. TI Marker-assisted characterization of durum wheat Langdon-Golden Ball disomic substitution lines SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; STEM SOLIDNESS LOCUS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SPRING WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; AGRONOMIC TRAITS; TETRAPLOID WHEAT; INHERITANCE; CROSSES AB The durum wheat cultivar 'Golden Ball' (GB) is a source of resistance to wheat sawfly due to its superior solid stem. In the late 1980s, Dr. Leonard Joppa developed a complete set of 14 'Langdon' (LDN)-GB disomic substitution (DS) lines by using GB as the chromosome donor and LDN as the recipient. However, these substitution lines have not been previously characterized and reported in the literature. The objectives of this study were to confirm the authenticity of the substituted chromosomes and to analyze the genetic background of the 14 LDN-GB DS lines with the aid of molecular markers, and to further use the substitution lines for chromosomal localization of DNA markers and genes conferring the superior stem solidness in GB. Results from simple sequence repeat marker analysis validated the authenticity of the substituted chromosomes in 14 LDN-GB DS lines. Genome-wide scans using the target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) marker system produced a total of 359 polymorphic fragments that were used to compare the genetic background of substitution lines with that of LDN. Among the polymorphic TRAP markers, 134 (37.3%) and 185 (51.5%) were present in LDN and GB, respectively, with only 10 (2.8%) derived from Chinese Spring. Therefore, marker analysis demonstrated that each LDN-GB DS line had a pair of chromosomes from GB with a genetic background similar to that of LDN. Of the TRAP markers generated in this study, 200 were successfully assigned to specific chromosomes based on their presence or absence in the corresponding LDN-GB DS lines. Also, evaluation of stem solidness in the substitution lines verified the presence of a major gene for stem solidness in chromosome 3B. Results from this research provides useful information for the utilization of GB and LDN-GB DS lines for genetic and genomic studies in tetraploid wheat and for the improvement of stem solidness in both durum and bread wheat. C1 [Xu, Steven S.; Chao, S.; Klindworth, D. L.; Faris, J. D.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Chu, C. G.; Elias, E. M.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Xu, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM steven.xu@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-033-00D] FX The authors thank Drs. Chao-chien Jan and Zhao Liu for critical review of the manuscript. This research was supported by the USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5442-22000-033-00D. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 120 IS 8 BP 1575 EP 1585 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1277-x PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 587VV UT WOS:000277023900008 PM 20140662 ER PT J AU Harrison, RL Bonning, BC AF Harrison, Robert L. Bonning, Bryony C. TI Proteases as Insecticidal Agents SO TOXINS LA English DT Review DE insecticides; basement membrane; cuticle; peritrophic matrix; plant defense; microbial defense AB Proteases from a variety of sources (viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects) have toxicity towards insects. Some of these insecticidal proteases evolved as venom components, herbivore resistance factors, or microbial pathogenicity factors, while other proteases play roles in insect development or digestion, but exert an insecticidal effect when over-expressed from genetically engineered plants or microbial pathogens. Many of these proteases are cysteine proteases, although insect-toxic metalloproteases and serine proteases have also been examined. The sites of protease toxic activity range from the insect midgut to the hemocoel (body cavity) to the cuticle. This review discusses these insecticidal proteases along with their evaluation and use as potential pesticides. C1 [Bonning, Bryony C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Harrison, Robert L.] USDA ARS, Invas Insect Biocontrol & Behav Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bonning, BC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Robert.L.Harrison@ars.usda.gov; bbonning@iastate.edu OI Harrison, Robert/0000-0002-8348-3874 FU USDA NRI [2003-35302-13558]; Hatch Act; State of Iowa funds FX The authors thank Hailin Tang for electron micrographs of the physiological impact of ScathL. This material is based upon work supported by USDA NRI 2003-35302-13558 as well as Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. NR 116 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 19 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-6651 J9 TOXINS JI Toxins PD MAY PY 2010 VL 2 IS 5 BP 935 EP 953 DI 10.3390/toxins2050935 PG 19 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA V24UI UT WOS:000208434900001 PM 22069618 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Sudduth, KA Drummond, ST Lee, DH Kitchen, NR Chung, SO AF Lee, K. S. Sudduth, K. A. Drummond, S. T. Lee, D. H. Kitchen, N. R. Chung, S. O. TI CALIBRATION METHODS FOR SOIL PROPERTY ESTIMATION USING REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Calibration methods; Near-infrared; Reflectance spectroscopy; Sensors; Soil properties ID ORGANIC-MATTER; MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; MOISTURE; SENSOR AB Optical diffuse reflectance sensing is a potential approach for rapid and reliable on-site estimation of soil properties. One issue with this sensing approach is whether additional calibration is necessary when the sensor is applied under conditions (e.g., soil types or soil moisture conditions) different from those used to generate an initial calibration, and if so, how many sample points are required in this additional calibration. In this study, these issues were addressed using data from ten fields in five states in the U.S. Corn Belt. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to develop calibrations between soil properties and reflectance spectra. Model evaluation was based on the ratio of standard deviation to RMS error (RPD), a statistic commonly used in spectral analysis. When sample data from the field where calibrations were to be applied (i.e., test field) were included in the calibration stage (full information calibration), RPD values of prediction models were increased by an average of 0.55 (from 1.08 to 1.63) compared with results from models not including data from the test field (calibration without field-specific information). Including some samples from the test field (hybrid calibration) generally increased RPD to 90% of that from fill information calibration (average increase = 0.49) by using data from 8 to 20 soil cores, with little further improvement given additional data. Using test field points as a bias adjustment (two-stage calibration) increased RPD by an average of 0.29 with two to six sample points, a finding that was confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation. These results show the importance of including in a calibration set samples similar (i.e., obtained from the same or similar fields) to those in the test set. These similar samples could be included directly in the calibration or could be used to implement a post-calibration bias adjustment. Although results were more accurate with the recalibration approach, the bias adjustment approach was more efficient computationally and required less data. Thus, either might be preferred depending on specific circumstances. C1 [Sudduth, K. A.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lee, K. S.; Lee, D. H.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Biomechatron Engn, Suwon, South Korea. [Chung, S. O.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Biosyst Machinery Engn, Taejon, South Korea. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, 269 Agr Engn Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM Ken.Sudduth@ars.usda.gov FU Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea; North Central Soybean Research Program; United Soybean Board FX This research was supported in part by the International Cooperative Research Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Field samples were obtained as part of a multi-state project sponsored by the North Central Soybean Research Program and the United Soybean Board. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 675 EP 684 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630KR UT WOS:000280272500004 ER PT J AU Boykin, JC AF Boykin, J. C. TI RELATIONSHIP OF SEED PROPERTIES TO SEED COAT FRAGMENTS FOR COTTON CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE MID-SOUTH SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE AFIS SCN; Contamination; Cotton; Cottonseed; Cultivar; Fiber quality; Lint; SCF; Seed coat fragments; Seed coat neps; Seed diameter distribution; Seed index; Variety ID GINNED LINT; STRENGTH AB Large quantities of seed coat fragments (SCF) in cotton bales cause processing problems for textile plants. Previous research has shown that cotton cultivars differ considerably for the number and weight of SCF in lint. With the recent trend toward cultivars with smaller seed, there has been some concern that increased SCF levels could result from smaller seeds that are more easily damaged or more likely to pass through ginning ribs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze cultivar differences for SCF in lint and determine the relationship with other cultivar traits such as seed index, seed diameter, distribution of seed diameter and seed linter content. A total of 63 cotton cultivars were planted in Stoneville, Mississippi, in a randomized complete block design in 2004 as part of the Mississippi State Regional Cotton Variety Trial. The cotton was machine harvested and ginned with a typical sequence of gin machinery. Seed coat fragment content ranged from 9.4 to 29.1 SCF g(-1) lint among cultivars. Seed index ranged from 7.1 to 10.7 g per 100 seeds, and mean seed diameter ranged from 4.5 to 5.2 mm. Cultivars differed significantly for seed diameter distribution. A polynomial relationship was found between SCF content and seed index, with SCF initially increasing with seed index and leveling off or decreasing with larger seed index. A similar relationship was found between SCF content and seed diameter No consistent relationship was found between SCE content and seed diameter distribution parameters. The results of this study showed no indication that cultivars with smaller seed, either overall or in the tails of the seed diameter distribution, were prone to higher SCF content. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Boykin, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, 111 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM clif.boykin@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 691 EP 701 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630KR UT WOS:000280272500006 ER PT J AU Yan, D Yang, P Rowan, M Ren, S Pitts, D AF Yan, D. Yang, P. Rowan, M. Ren, S. Pitts, D. TI BIOFILM ACCUMULATION AND STRUCTURE IN THE FLOW PATH OF DRIP EMITTERS USING RECLAIMED WASTEWATER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biofilm; Extracellular polymeric substance; Microirrigation; Phospholipid fatty acid; Reclaimed wastewater ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; IRRIGATION SYSTEMS; FOREST SOILS; BIOMASS; CHLORINE; ALGAE AB Biofouling has been identified as a major contributor to emitter clogging in drip irrigation systems that distribute reclaimed wastewater. Two types of drip emitters were evaluated for use with reclaimed wastewater. Microbial biofilm accumulations, including proteins, polysaccharides, and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), were tested to determine the biofilm development and diversity in the emitter flow path. The nzicrobial biofilm structure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed rapid growth of the biofilm and accumulated sediments that led to eventual reduction of emitter discharge, and the biofilm played an inducing role in the clogging process. Biomass growth in the emitter flow path fluctuated as biomass was scoured off the surface areas. The scoured sediment tended to accumulate and clog the outlets or other emitter parts. Microphotographs revealed microparticles in the biofilm matrix coupling with extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and showed the biofilm attachment process that would initiate clogging in the emitter flow path. The particle size of the clogging sediment can be very small, and filtration alone was not an effective treatment to control emitter clogging. This study provides some suggestions for control of clogging, and it may provide a framework for future investigations into the role of biofilms in the clogging of drip emitters that distribute reclaimed wastewater. C1 [Yan, D.; Yang, P.; Ren, S.] China Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Civil Engn, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Rowan, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pitts, D.] USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Urbana, IL USA. RP Yang, P (reprint author), China Agr Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Civil Engn, POB 57,17 Tsinghua E Rd, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. EM yang-pl@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50379053, 50609029, 50779068] FX This work received support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50379053, 50609029, and 50779068), which is gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 751 EP 758 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630KR UT WOS:000280272500010 ER PT J AU Chavez, JL Howell, TA Gowda, PH Copeland, KS Prueger, JH AF Chavez, J. L. Howell, T. A. Gowda, P. H. Copeland, K. S. Prueger, J. H. TI SURFACE AERODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE MODELING OVER RAINFED COTTON SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Air temperature; Evapotranspiration; Radiometric surface temperature; Sensible heat flux ID WATER-VAPOR TRANSFER; SENSIBLE HEAT-FLUX; ENERGY-BALANCE; RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; PERFORMANCE; CANOPY; LAYER; DIFFERENCE; MANAGEMENT AB Evapotranspiration (ET) or latent heat flux (LE) can be spatially estimated as an energy balance (EB) residual for land surfaces using remote sensing inputs. The EB equation requires the estimation of net radiation (R-n), soil heat flux (G), and sensible heat flux (H). R-n and G can be estimated with an acceptable accuracy. In computing H, radiometric surface temperature (T-s) is often used instead of surface aerodynamic temperature (T-o), as T-o is neither measured nor easily estimated. This may cause an underestimation of ET because H will be overestimated as T-s is typically larger than T-o for unstable atmospheric conditions. The objectives of this study were to (1) model T-o to improve the estimation of H and consequently ET for advective environments in the semi-arid Texas High Plains, and (2) assess the accuracy of the T-o model using three different methods (aerodynamic profile, lysimeter, and eddy covariance). A 6.5 m tower platform was used to measure profiles of wind speed, air temperature, and relative humidity in and above cotton canopy near a large weighing lysimeter managed under rainfed conditions at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas. The T-o was modeled using H as a residual from the EB at the lysimeter location. Results indicated that T-o was better modeled as a linear function of T-s, air temperature, and surface aerodynamic resistance. Modeled T-o showed a very small estimation error (0.1% mean bias error and 3.8% root mean square error) when compared to T-o values measured using the aerodynamic profile data. Even though excellent results were found in this study, the model is only valid for dryland cotton with a leaf area index ranging from 0.2 to 1.3 m(2) m(-2). Furthermore, more research is needed to expand the T-o model to cover cotton grown under irrigated conditions and showing larger crop percent cover and leaf area index values, and under different environmental and atmospheric conditions. C1 [Chavez, J. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Howell, T. A.; Gowda, P. H.; Copeland, K. S.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Prueger, J. H.] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Soil Water & Air Resources Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chavez, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1372 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jose.chavez@colostate.edu FU Ogallala Aquifer Program; USDA-ARS FX This study was possible thanks to funding provided through the Ogallala Aquifer Program and the USDA-ARS. Our sincere appreciation to the following individuals who provided assistance: technicians, Dr. Susan O'Shaughnessy, Thomas Clarke, Dr. Doug Hunsaker, and a number of student workers from the CPRL. We also want to express our sincere gratitude to the anonymous reviewers who provided key comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 759 EP 767 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630KR UT WOS:000280272500011 ER PT J AU King, KW McDonald, J Moore, JF Agrawal, SG Fischer, EN Balogh, JC AF King, K. W. McDonald, J. Moore, J. F. Agrawal, S. G. Fischer, E. N. Balogh, J. C. TI NUTRIENT AND PESTICIDE REMOVAL FROM LABORATORY-SIMULATED TILE DRAINAGE DISCHARGE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; Filter; Nitrogen; Pesticides; Phosphorus; Turf; Water quality ID COASTAL-PLAIN SOILS; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; WATER-QUALITY; WASTE-WATER; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; ANION-EXCHANGERS; NITRATE LOSSES AB Excess nutrient and pesticide transport through subsurface tile drainage is well documented. One approach being considered to reduce the amount of these contaminants in subsurface drainage waters is the use of end-of-tile filters. Materials used in such filters are often comprised of natural minerals and industrial wastes or by-products that have a significant capacity for binding or sorbing nutrients and pesticides (e.g., activated carbon, fly ash). In this laboratory study, the feasibility and efficacy of an activated carbon, zeolite (clinoptilolite), and activated alumina filter to reduce nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)(-)N), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), metalaxyl, and chlorothalonil concentrations in simulated drainage waters was determined. Hydrographs having peak flow rates of 0.63, 1.26, and 1.89 L s(-1) were simulated in a laboratory environment and replicated three times. Across all flow rates, the cartridge-type filter system produced average load reductions of 4.7% for NO(3)(-)N, 51.6% for DRP, 58.2% for chlorothalonil, and 28.8% for metalaxyl. The filter effectiveness was dependent on flow rate and position on the hydrograph. The findings from this study suggest that the end-of-tile filter approach could be adapted as a best management practice to reduce nutrient and pesticide transport in subsurface tile drainage where the contributing area and flow rates are relatively small. Additionally, the findings support further investigation into alternative sorbent materials and delivery designs that permit larger drainage areas and greater flow rates to be filtered. C1 [King, K. W.; Agrawal, S. G.; Fischer, E. N.] USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McDonald, J.] Kristar Enterprises Inc, Santa Rosa, CA USA. [Moore, J. F.] US Golf Assoc, Mcgregor, TX USA. [Balogh, J. C.] Spectrum Res Inc, Duluth, MN USA. RP King, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM kevin.king@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Golf Association FX The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Ann Kemble for preparing and completing the laboratory simulations, Brian Heskett for his engineering expertise in setting up and calibrating the micro motion mass flow and density transmitter, Phil Levison for assembling and constructing the plumbing components of the hydrograph simulator, and Ginny Roberts for her analytical work. This research was funded in part by the U.S. Golf Association and through the generous material contributions from Kristar Enterprises. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 769 EP 777 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630KR UT WOS:000280272500012 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Caraway, EA Rhoades, MB Cole, NA Todd, RW Casey, KD AF Parker, D. B. Caraway, E. A. Rhoades, M. B. Cole, N. A. Todd, R. W. Casey, K. D. TI EFFECT OF WIND TUNNEL AIR VELOCITY ON VOC FLUX FROM STANDARD SOLUTIONS AND CAFO MANURE/WASTEWATER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Providence, RI SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Emission rates; Flux chamber; Gas chromatography; Henry's law constant; Indolic; Odor; Phenolic; Two-film model; Volatile fatty acids ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASS-TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; MERCURY EMISSION FLUXES; 2 SAMPLING DEVICES; AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; CHAMBER MEASUREMENT; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ODOR EMISSION; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Researchers and practitioners have used wind tunnels and flux chambers to quantify the flux of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide and estimate emission factors from animal feeding operations (AFOs) without accounting for effects of air velocity or sweep air flow rate. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a small rectangular wind tunnel (30.5 cm length, 15.2 cm width, 5.1 cm height). The objectives of the research were to (I) quantify the effect of wind velocity on VOC flux rates, (2) compare and contrast a two-film model with different wind speed corrections, and (3) provide insight into methods for either selecting appropriate wind tunnel velocities or conducting post-sampling wind velocity corrections to simulate field emission rates. Fluxes were measured on standard solutions and on manure/wastewater from beef cattle and dairy AFOs. Volumetric air exchange rates were varied between 0.6 and 44 exchanges per minute, corresponding to calculated longitudinal air velocities of 0.003 to 0.23 in s(-1). Exhaust air was sampled using stainless steel sorbent tubes and analyzed for eleven volatile organic compounds comprised of seven volatile fatty acids (VFAs: acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic) and four heavier molecular weight semivolatile organic compounds (sVOCs: phenol, p-cresol, indole, and skatole) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sulfur-containing VOCs were quantified using a portable total reduced sulfur meter: Flux rates for VOCs with small dimensionless Henry's law constants (i.e., those found at AFOs) increased with increasing air velocity. The two-film model with an experimentally derived reference gas-film transfer coefficient was found to reliably predict VOC flux at velocities between 0.003 and 0.23 m s-1. However, the two-film model did not reliably predict VOC flux with other air velocity correction formulae, an indication that flux is a function of wind tunnel geometry and turbulence factors, and not just average air velocity or sweep air flow rate. These results corroborate other studies that show that air velocity is a major factor affecting VOC fluxes from AFOs, verifying that an air velocity correction factor is required for estimating accurate VOC emission factors using wind tunnels and flux chambers. C1 [Parker, D. B.] USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Caraway, E. A.; Rhoades, M. B.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX USA. [Cole, N. A.; Todd, R. W.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Casey, K. D.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Texas AgriLife Res, Amarillo, TX USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM david.parker@ars.usda.gov RI Casey, Kenneth/F-4409-2010 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0003-0819-8376 NR 66 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 831 EP 845 PG 15 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630KR UT WOS:000280272500019 ER PT J AU Digman, MF Shinners, KJ Muck, RE Dien, BS AF Digman, M. F. Shinners, K. J. Muck, R. E. Dien, B. S. TI PILOT-SCALE ON-FARM PRETREATMENT OF PERENNIAL GRASSES WITH DILUTE ACID AND ALKALI FOR FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Ethanol; Perennial grass; Pretreatment; Reed canarygrass; Switch grass ID CORN STOVER; CELLULOSIC BIOMASS; SILO DENSITIES; ALFALFA; DIGESTIBILITY; TECHNOLOGIES; TEMPERATURE; HYDROLYSIS; HYDROXIDE; STORAGE AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were pretreated during anaerobic wet storage by adding sulfuric acid or calcium hydroxide (50 g kg(-1) DM). Experiments were conducted at both laboratory scale (250 g DM) and pilot scale (250 kg DM) for either 60 or 180 days. Pretreated and untreated samples were fermented to ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of a commercially available cellulase (Celluclast 1.5L) and beta-glucosidase (Novozyme 188). With acid pretreatment, conversion of cellulose to ethanol was 35 and 12 percentage units higher than for untreated controls for reed canarygrass and switch grass, respectively. Similarly, lime-pretreated reed canarygrass and switch grass out-yielded controls by 3 and 13 percentage units, respectively. Cellulose and lignin contents were largely unaffected by pretreatment and anaerobic storage, but hemicelluloses were lower for both pretreatments. C1 [Digman, M. F.; Muck, R. E.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Shinners, K. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Dien, B. S.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL USA. RP Digman, MF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM digman@wisc.edu OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 FU Tim Kraus at John Deere Ottumwa Works; Tim Osterhaus at Kuhn North America FX We acknowledge the technical support and expertise of Mary Becker, Rachel Digman, Gregory Kennedy, David Mertens, and Christine Odt. A special thanks to the farm crews at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station and the U.S. Dairy Forage Research Farm for facilitating our research efforts. This research also benefited from the expertise and financial support of industry partners, including Tim Kraus at John Deere Ottumwa Works and Tim Osterhaus at Kuhn North America. Finally, the lead author would like thank his committee members, Kenneth Albrecht, Bruce Dien, Ronald Hatfield, Richard Muck, Xuejun Pan, and Kevin Shinners, for their guidance and expertise. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 53 IS 3 BP 1007 EP 1014 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 630KR UT WOS:000280272500036 ER PT J AU Bradley, BA Blumenthal, DM Wilcove, DS Ziska, LH AF Bradley, Bethany A. Blumenthal, Dana M. Wilcove, David S. Ziska, Lewis H. TI Predicting plant invasions in an era of global change SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID FUTURE BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ELEVATED CO2; SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; ALIEN PLANT; POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; UNITED-STATES; LAND-USE; ECOLOGICAL RESISTANCE AB The relationship between plant invasions and global change is complex. Whereas some components of global change, such as rising CO2, usually promote invasion, other components, such as changing temperature and precipitation, can help or hinder plant invasion. Additionally, experimental studies and models suggest that invasive plants often respond unpredictably to multiple components of global change acting in concert. Such variability adds uncertainty to existing risk assessments and other predictive tools. Here, we review current knowledge about relationships between plant invasion and global change, and highlight research needed to improve forecasts of invasion risk. Managers should be prepared for both expansion and contraction of invasive plants due to global change, leading to increased risk or unprecedented opportunities for restoration. C1 [Bradley, Bethany A.] Amherst Coll, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Bradley, Bethany A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Blumenthal, Dana M.] ARS, USDA, Rangeland Resources Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wilcove, David S.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wilcove, David S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ziska, Lewis H.] USDA, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bradley, BA (reprint author), Amherst Coll, Dept Biol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM bbradley@nrc.umass.edu RI Bradley, Bethany/B-1964-2008; Blumenthal, Dana/J-3106-2012 OI Bradley, Bethany/0000-0003-4912-4971; FU High Meadows Foundation; Copeland Colloquium FX We thank Jeff Dukes, Laura Perry, Wayne Polley and Dave Richardson for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. BAB gratefully acknowledges funding from the High Meadows Foundation and the Copeland Colloquium. NR 100 TC 164 Z9 177 U1 25 U2 239 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 25 IS 5 BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2009.12.003 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 597EQ UT WOS:000277739600008 PM 20097441 ER PT J AU Thacker, EL AF Thacker, Eileen L. TI Immunomodulators, Immunostimulants, and Immunotherapies in Small Animal Veterinary Medicine SO VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Small animals; Immunomodulators; Immunotherapies; Immune system ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC-ANEMIA; CANINE ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; FELINE INTERFERON-OMEGA; CYCLOSPORINE-A; CPG OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; DOGS; CATS AB Immunomodulators, immunostimulants, and immunotherapies are important tools used by veterinary practitioners and researchers to control and direct the immune system of small animals. This article is an overview and summary of some of the most common immunomodulatory agents used in companion animals emphasizing steroidal and nonsteroidal agents, T-cell inhibitors, cytotoxic drugs, immunostimulators and biologic response modifying agents, and neoplasia chemotherapeutic agents. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thacker, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Ave,Room 4-2104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Eileen.thacker@ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0195-5616 J9 VET CLIN N AM-SMALL JI Vet. Clin. N. Am.-Small Anim. Pract. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 40 IS 3 BP 473 EP + DI 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.01.004 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 612AH UT WOS:000278867500010 PM 20471530 ER PT J AU Kwon, YK Thomas, C Swayne, DE AF Kwon, Y. K. Thomas, C. Swayne, D. E. TI Variability in Pathobiology of South Korean H5N1 High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Infection for 5 Species of Migratory Waterfowl SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; birds; H5N1; immunohistochemistry; infectious diseases ID HONG-KONG; MUTE SWANS; WILD BIRDS; DOMESTIC POULTRY; CYGNUS-OLOR; A VIRUSES; DUCKS; SURVEILLANCE; CHICKENS; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The pathobiology of H5N1 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus infection in wild waterfowl is poorly understood. This study examined the pathobiology of A/chicken/Korea/IS/06 (H5N1) HPAI in 5 migratory waterfowl species mute swans (Cygnus olor), greylag geese (Anser anser), ruddy shelducks (Tadorna ferruginea), mandarin ducks (Aix galericulata), and mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)-following intranasal inoculation or contact exposure, from which all birds became infected. In mute swans, this virus had strong vascular endothelial cell tropism, producing acute severe disease and 100% mortality; the virus was detected in various parenchymal cells; and necrotic and inflammatory changes were noted in a range of organs, including pancreas, brain, spleen, heart, oral cavity, adrenal gland, lung, and liver. The ruddy shelducks had 100% mortality, but time to death was delayed, and the lesions were primarily restricted to the brain, heart, pancreas, and spleen. The mandarin ducks had only a single mortality, with lesions similar to those in ruddy shelducks. The greylag geese became infected, developed neurological signs, and had residual meningoencephalitis when examined at termination but lacked mortality. The mallards had asymptomatic infection. These results indicate variation in the pathobiology of H5N1 virus infections in different species of wild waterfowl, ranging from severe, acute systemic disease with 100% mortality to asymptomatic infection of respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. C1 [Kwon, Y. K.; Thomas, C.; Swayne, D. E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture [6612-32000-048-00D] FX This study was supported by the US Department of Agriculture, Current Research Information System project No. 6612-32000-048-00D. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 495 EP 506 DI 10.1177/0300985809359602 PG 12 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 593SH UT WOS:000277480400011 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM Noh, SM Snekvik, KR White, SN Schneider, DA Truscott, T Knowles, DP AF Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M. Noh, S. M. Snekvik, K. R. White, S. N. Schneider, D. A. Truscott, T. Knowles, D. P. TI Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Capsid Antigen as Found in CD163-and CD172a-Positive Alveolar Macrophages of Persistently Infected Sheep SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ovine progressive pneumonia virus; maedi-visna virus; ovine lentivirus; capsid; dual immunohistochemistry; CD163; CD172a ID MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; LENTIVIRUS-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; SMALL RUMINANT LENTIVIRUSES; SCAVENGER RECEPTOR CD163; CYTOKINE MESSENGER-RNA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; DENDRITIC CELLS AB In situ detection of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) and the phenotypic identification of the cells that harbor OPPV have not been described for the OPPV-affected tissues, which include lung, mammary gland, synovial membranes of the carpal joint, and choroid plexus of the brain. In this study, the authors first developed a single enzyme-based automated immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for detection of OPPV capsid antigen (CA) on OPPV-affected tissues, using 2 anti-CAEV CA monoclonal antibodies, 5A1 and 10A1, and 2 enzyme-based IHC systems. Out of 10 naturally and persistently OPPV-infected ewes, OPPV CA was detected in intercellular regions of the carpal synovial membrane of 1 ewe, in cells resembling alveolar macrophages and pulmonary interstitial macrophages in lung tissue of 3 ewes, and in mammary alveolar cells of 1 ewe. Furthermore, dual enzyme-based automated IHC analyses revealed that OPPV CA was predominantly detected in CD172a- or CD163-positive alveolar macrophages of the lungs and mammary gland. That anti-inflammatory (CD163) and downregulatory (CD172a) types of alveolar macrophage harbor OPPV CA leads to the possibility that during persistent infection with OPPV, the host alveolar macrophage might serve to limit inflammation while OPPV persists undetected by the host adaptive immune response in the lung and mammary gland. C1 [Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, WSU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M.; Noh, S. M.; Snekvik, K. R.; White, S. N.; Knowles, D. P.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [White, S. N.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Integrated Biotechnol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, WSU, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM lherrman@vetmed.wsu.edu RI Schneider, David/A-2833-2010; OI Schneider, David/0000-0001-9659-6731; White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054 FU USDA-ARS [5348-32000-029-00D] FX This work was funded under USDA-ARS No. 5348-32000-029-00D. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 518 EP 528 DI 10.1177/0300985809359605 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 593SH UT WOS:000277480400013 PM 20382821 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR O'Rourke, KI Gidlewski, T Powers, JG Greenlee, JJ Wild, MA AF Spraker, T. R. O'Rourke, K. I. Gidlewski, T. Powers, J. G. Greenlee, J. J. Wild, M. A. TI Detection of the Abnormal Isoform of the Prion Protein Associated With Chronic Wasting Disease in the Optic Pathways of the Brain and Retina of Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brain; chronic wasting disease; eyes; prion protein; retina; Rocky Mountain elk; visual pathways ID DEER ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MULE DEER; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; TRANSGENIC MICE; PRP GENOTYPES; CELL-TYPES; SCRAPIE; SHEEP AB Eyes and nuclei of the visual pathways in the brain were examined in 30 Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) representing 3 genotypes of the prion protein gene PRNP (codon 132: MM, ML, or LL). Tissues were examined for the presence of the abnormal isoform of the orlon protein associated with chronic wasting disease (PrP(CWD)). Nuclei and axonal tracts from a single section of brain stem at the level of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve were scored for intensity and distribution of PrP(CWD) immunoreactivity and degree of spongiform degeneration. This obex scoring ranged from 0 (elk with no PrP(CWD) in the brain stem) to 10 (representing elk in terminal stage of disease). PrP(CWD) was detected in the retina of 16 of 18 (89%) elk with an obex score of > 7. PrP(CWD) was not detected in the retina of the 3 chronic wasting disease negative elk and 9 elk with an obex score of < 6. PrP(CWD) was found in the nuclei of the visual pathways in the brain before it was found in the retina. Within the retina, PrP(CWD) was first found in the inner plexiform layer, followed by the outer plexiform layer. Intracytoplasmic accumulation of PrP(CWD) was found in a few neurons in the ganglion cell layer in the PRNP 132ML elk but was a prominent feature in the PRNP 132LL elk. Small aggregates of PrP(CWD) were present on the inner surface of the outer limiting membrane in PRNP 132LL elk but not in PRNP 132MM or 132ML elk. This study demonstrates PrP(CWD) accumulation in nuclei of the visual pathways of the brain, followed by PrP(CWD) in the retina. C1 [Spraker, T. R.] Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Univ Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [O'Rourke, K. I.] ARS, USDA, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA USA. [Gidlewski, T.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Powers, J. G.; Wild, M. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Biol Resources Management Div, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Greenlee, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Spraker, TR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Univ Diagnost Lab, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, 300 W Drake Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM terry.spraker@colostate.edu FU National Park Service [CSURM-98, H1200040001, 123400070064]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-5348-8-275, 5348-32000-026-105]; Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO FX We would like to thank the owners of the ranch-raised elk (Dennis and Stephanie White, Velvet Ridge Ranch, Fort Collins, CO, and two anonymous owners) for allowing us to do rectal biopsies on their elk and, if positive cases were found, euthanizing and necropsying the suspected positive elk. We would like to thank the National Park Service (Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park, CO) for allowing us to perform rectal biopsies on elk and allowing us to necropsy positive elk. We wish to thank Scott Ratchford for collecting the eyes from the free-ranging elk. We wish to thank Vicki Jameson, Tracy Nichols, Chrystal Meyerett, Tara Ruby, Amy Graham, Danielle Lagana, and David Walter for assisting in the necropsies of these elk. We wish to thank Bob Zink, Todd Bass, and Bruce Cummins for cutting and staining the tissues. We would like to thank Linda Hamburg and Desiree Lesiak for genotyping these elk. We greatly appreciate the help from Jay Oaks and Charlie Kerlee with the photomicrografts. This project was partially funded by National Park Service project No. CSURM-98, Cooperative Agreement No. H1200040001, task order No. 123400070064; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Cooperative Agreement No. 58-5348-8-275, project No. 5348-32000-026-105; and Colorado State University Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 536 EP 546 DI 10.1177/0300985810363702 PG 11 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 593SH UT WOS:000277480400015 PM 20382822 ER PT J AU Blitvich, BJ Ibarra-Juarez, LA Cortes-Guzman, AJ Root, JJ Franklin, AB Sullivan, HJ Fernandez-Salas, I AF Blitvich, B. J. Ibarra-Juarez, L. A. Cortes-Guzman, A. J. Root, J. J. Franklin, A. B. Sullivan, H. J. Fernandez-Salas, I. TI Seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in north-east and southern Mexico SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; A VIRUS; HORSES; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; EVOLUTION C1 [Blitvich, B. J.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ibarra-Juarez, L. A.; Fernandez-Salas, I.] Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Lab Entomol Med, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. [Cortes-Guzman, A. J.] Secretaria Salubridad & Asistencia, Dept Control Vectores, Chilpancingo 39000, Guerrero, Mexico. [Root, J. J.; Franklin, A. B.; Sullivan, H. J.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Blitvich, BJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM blitvich@iastate.edu FU Iowa State University [0874880712CA] FX This study was supported by a cooperative agreement with the United States Department of Agriculture (reference number 0874880712CA) and start-up funds were provided by Iowa State University. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD MAY 1 PY 2010 VL 166 IS 18 BP 565 EP 566 DI 10.1136/vr.b4845 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 595JH UT WOS:000277606000016 PM 20435984 ER PT J AU Spatz, SJ AF Spatz, Stephen J. TI Accumulation of attenuating mutations in varying proportions within a high passage very virulent plus strain of Gallid herpesvirus type 2 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease; Gallid herpesvirus type 2; Genome; DNA sequence; Serial passage; Attenuation ID MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; INVERTED REPEAT REGIONS; SERIAL INVITRO PASSAGE; CELL-CULTURE PASSAGE; TELOMERASE RNA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SIMPLEX-VIRUS; IN-VITRO; GENOME; SEROTYPE-1 AB Marek's disease (MD) is controlled through mass vaccination. Although these vaccines reduce or delay tumor formation they fail to induce sterilizing immunity and prevent virus shedding. Relatively little is known about the genetic changes that lead to attenuation. It has been established that serial passage of virulent strains in avian cell lines results in the generation of attenuated progeny at some undefined passage level. A detailed cataloging of the mutations needed for attenuation will be important for advancing our understanding of MD biology and should facilitate the development of better vaccines. Using deep sequencing, the complete nucleotide sequence of the very virulent plus (vv+) strain 648A representing the 101st passage was determined. Pathotyping studies have indicated that 648Ap101 is indeed attenuated. Comparative sequence analysis with the 648A strain at passage 11 has identified numerous gross genetic changes and subtle single nucleotide polymorphisms scattered throughout the genome. Relative to the strain (648Ap11), deletions were identified in MD-specific genes located in the repeat long (R(L)), unique long (U(L)) and repeat short (R(S)) regions. A deletion in the R(L) region, present in 33% of the p101 sequences, mapped to the genes encoding viral interleukin 8 (vIL8), RLORF4 and RLORF5. An R(S) deletion was mapped to the Meq oncoprotein binding site within the ICP4 promoter and was present in 97.8% of the p101 sequences. A short deletion in the U(L) region mapped to the 3' terminus of the gene encoding vLipase and was present in 54% of the p101 sequences. The cis-acting sites involved in DNA replication and packaging also contained deletions in varying proportions (64% and 100%, respectively). Three mutations, present in 100% of p101 sequences, were identified in the overlapping genes encoding the Arg-rich protein (MDV002/079) and the virus-encoding telomerase (vTR). Varying proportions of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within 11 open reading frames (ORFs) and 3 noncoding regions. This comparative sequencing study has provided a wealth of information regarding genetic changes which have occurred during the attenuation process and has indicated that serial passage results in the generation of mixed populations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spatz, SJ (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM sspatz@seprl.usda.gov FU United States Department of Agriculture [6612-32000-052] FX The author would like to thank Jeremy Volkening of the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory for his excellent laboratory, bioinformatic and graphic computer skills, and Barbara Riegle of the Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory for the propagation of the viruses used in this study. This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture CRIS program (project number 6612-32000-052). NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 149 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.01.007 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 587BU UT WOS:000276962700001 PM 20109506 ER PT J AU Garzio-Hadzick, A Shelton, DR Hill, RL Pachepsky, YA Guber, AK Rowland, R AF Garzio-Hadzick, A. Shelton, D. R. Hill, R. L. Pachepsky, Y. A. Guber, A. K. Rowland, R. TI Survival of manure-borne E. coli in streambed sediment: Effects of temperature and sediment properties SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; Sediment; Inactivation; Survival; Particle size; Exponential model ID FECAL INDICATOR BACTERIA; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; FLOOD EVENTS; LAKE GENEVA; PERSISTENCE; GROWTH; TRANSPORT; SOIL AB Escherichia coli bacteria are commonly used as indicator organisms to designate of impaired surface waters and to guide the design of management practices to prevent fecal contamination of water. Stream sediments are known to serve as a reservoir and potential source of fecal bacteria (E. coli) for stream water. In agricultural watersheds, substantial numbers of E. coli may reach surface waters, and subsequently be deposited into sediments, along with fecal material in runoff from land-applied manures, grazing lands, or wildlife excreta. The objectives of this work were (a) to test the hypothesis that E. coli survival in streambed sediment in the presence of manure material will be affected by sediment texture and organic carbon content and (b) to evaluate applicability of the exponential die-off equation to the E. coli survival data in the presence of manure material. Experiments were conducted at three temperatures (4 degrees C, 14 degrees C, and 24 degrees C) in flow-through chambers using sediment from three locations at the Beaverdam Creek Tributary in Beltsville, Maryland mixed with dairy manure slurry in the proportion of 1000:1. Indigenous E. coli populations in sediments ranged from ca. 10(1) to 10(3) MPN g(-1) while approx 10(3) manure-borne E. coli MPN g(-1) were added. E. coli survived in sediments much longer than in the overlaying water. The exponential inactivation model gave an excellent approximation of data after 6-16 days from the beginning of the experiment. Slower inactivation was observed with the increase in organic carbon content in sediments with identical granulometric composition. The increase in the content of fine particles and organic carbon in sediments led not only to the slower inactivation but also to lower sensitivity of the inactivation to temperature. Streambed sediment properties have to be documented to better evaluate the role of sediments as reservoirs of E. coli that can affect microbiological stream water quality during high flow events. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garzio-Hadzick, A.; Shelton, D. R.; Pachepsky, Y. A.; Guber, A. K.; Rowland, R.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Garzio-Hadzick, A.; Hill, R. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, BARC EAST, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 173, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM yakov.pachepsky@ars.usda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 49 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2753 EP 2762 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2010.02.011 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 599AK UT WOS:000277882000007 PM 20219232 ER PT J AU Gobakken, LR Lebow, PK AF Gobakken, Lone Ross Lebow, Patricia K. TI Modelling mould growth on coated modified and unmodified wood substrates exposed outdoors SO WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LUMBER SURFACES; INCREASE AB Mould growth on coated wood is today a genuine challenge for house owners. Environmentally sound wooden facades with long service lives and acceptable appearance are desired. The objective in this study was to investigate the accumulated mould growth on 13 different wood substrates with 3 surface coating systems by identifying the factors that contribute to the variation and to predict future performance. A generalized linear mixed model was fit to the data with the analysis showing that coating and exposure time both had highly significant influences on mould growth. Further, wood substrate was significant, but comparatively less than coating and exposure time. A smaller coefficient for mould coverage in the beginning of the exposure period gave the panels with one of the coating systems, BAP, a delay in mould growth, and the extrapolated values for years 6-12 indicate a longer aesthetic service life than panels with the two other coating systems. Coated heartwood as wood type was less susceptible to mould growth than coated mixed wood and coated sapwood. Acetylated pine as wood substrate and aspen as wood species had lower resistance to mould growth than the other wood substrates and wood species, respectively. C1 [Gobakken, Lone Ross] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, N-1432 As, Norway. [Lebow, Patricia K.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Gobakken, LR (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Ecol & Nat Resource Management, Hogskoleveien 12, N-1432 As, Norway. EM lone.ross.gobakken@umb.no FU Norwegian Research Council FX We would like to thank Mats Westin, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, for setting up the experiment. Comments from Olav Hoibo, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Carol Clausen, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory and R. Sam Williams, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory are highly acknowledged. The study was funded by Norwegian Research Council. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0043-7719 J9 WOOD SCI TECHNOL JI Wood Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 44 IS 2 BP 315 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s00226-009-0283-0 PG 19 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 587XH UT WOS:000277029100010 ER PT J AU Boyette, CD Bowling, AJ Vaughn, KC Hoagland, RE Stetina, KC AF Boyette, C. Douglas Bowling, Andrew J. Vaughn, Kevin C. Hoagland, Robert E. Stetina, Kenneth C. TI Induction of infection in Sesbania exaltata by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp aeschynomene formulated in an invert emulsion SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bioherbicide; Biological weed control; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp aeschynomene; Invert emulsion; Mycoherbicide; Sesbania exaltata ID ROUND-LEAVED MALLOW; UNREFINED CORN-OIL; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; NORTHERN JOINTVETCH; ALTERNARIA-CRASSA; HOST-RANGE; SP MALVAE; MYCOHERBICIDE; TRUNCATUM; BIOCONTROL AB In greenhouse experiments, an invert emulsion (MSG 8.25) was tested with spores of the mycoherbicidal fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene, a highly virulent pathogen of the leguminous weed Aeschynomene virginica (northern jointvetch), but considered "immune" against another leguminous weed, Sesbania exaltata (hemp sesbania). A 1:1 (v/v) fungus/invert emulsion mixture resulted in 100% infection and mortality of inoculated hemp sesbania seedlings over a 21 day period. Microscopic examinations revealed that the fungus proliferated within the cells of hemp sesbania and produced anthracnose lesions containing acervuli on infected stems. The fungus was reisolated and found to infect and kill northern jointvetch seedlings, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates for disease identification. These results suggest that this invert emulsion expands the host range of C. gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene, and possibly improves the bioherbicidal potential of this pathogen. C1 [Boyette, C. Douglas; Bowling, Andrew J.; Vaughn, Kevin C.; Hoagland, Robert E.; Stetina, Kenneth C.] USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Boyette, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM doug.boyette@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2010 VL 26 IS 5 BP 951 EP 956 DI 10.1007/s11274-009-0250-9 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 581CB UT WOS:000276497600024 ER PT J AU Lavin, SR Chen, ZS Abrams, SA AF Lavin, Shana R. Chen, Zhensheng Abrams, Steven A. TI Effect of Tannic Acid on Iron Absorption in Straw-Colored Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum) SO ZOO BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemochromatosis; iron storage disease; tannin; iron bioavailability; diet ID STARLING STURNUS-VULGARIS; MINERAL ABSORPTION; STORAGE DISEASE; DIETARY IRON; CHILDREN; ISOTOPES AB Excessive absorption and subsequent storage of dietary iron has been found in a variety of captively held birds and mammals, including fruit bats. It is thought that feeding a diet that is low in iron can prevent the onset of this disease; however, manufacturing a diet with commonly available foodstuffs that contains a sufficiently low iron concentration is difficult. An alternative is to feed captive animals that may be susceptible to this disease potential iron chelators such as tannins that; may bind to iron and block its absorption. Using stable isotope methods established in humans, we measured iron bioavailability in straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) and tested whether tannic acid significantly reduced the extent of iron absorption. Regardless of dose, tannic acid significantly reduced iron absorption (by 40%.) and in the absence of tannic acid, iron absorption was extensive in this species (up to 30%), more so than in humans. Species susceptible to iron storage disease may efficiently absorb iron in the gut regardless of iron status, and supplementing these species with tannic acid in captivity may provide an alternative or additional means of preventing the development of this disease. Zoo Biol 29:335-343, 2010. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 [Lavin, Shana R.] Lincoln Pk Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. [Chen, Zhensheng; Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Lavin, SR (reprint author), Lincoln Pk Zoo, 2001 N Clark St, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. EM slavin@lpzoo.org OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0733-3188 J9 ZOO BIOL JI Zoo Biol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2010 VL 29 IS 3 BP 335 EP 343 DI 10.1002/zoo.20258 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 614QB UT WOS:000279073700004 PM 19598244 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP Leymaster, KA Kalbfleisch, TS Freking, BA Smith, TPL Clawson, ML Laegreid, WW AF Heaton, Michael P. Leymaster, Kreg A. Kalbfleisch, Theodore S. Freking, Brad A. Smith, Timothy P. L. Clawson, Michael L. Laegreid, William W. TI Ovine reference materials and assays for prion genetic testing SO BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRIMER EXTENSION ASSAY; MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS; REAL-TIME PCR; PROTEIN GENE; ATYPICAL SCRAPIE; CLASSICAL SCRAPIE; NATURAL SCRAPIE AB Background: Genetic predisposition to scrapie in sheep is associated with several variations in the peptide sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP). DNA-based tests for scoring PRNP codons are essential tools for eradicating scrapie and for evaluating rare alleles for increased resistance to disease. In addition to those associated with scrapie, there are dozens more PRNP polymorphisms that may occur in various flocks. If not accounted for, these sites may cause base-pair mismatching with oligonucleotides used in DNA testing. Thus, the fidelity of scrapie genetic testing is enhanced by knowing the position and frequency of PRNP polymorphisms in targeted flocks. Results: An adaptive DNA sequencing strategy was developed to determine the 771 bp PRNP coding sequence for any sheep and thereby produce a consensus sequence for targeted flocks. The strategy initially accounted for 43 known polymorphisms and facilitates the detection of unknown polymorphisms through an overlapping amplicon design. The strategy was applied to 953 sheep DNAs from multiple breeds in U. S. populations. The samples included two sets of reference sheep: one set for standardizing PRNP genetic testing and another set for discovering polymorphisms, estimating allele frequencies, and determining haplotype phase. DNA sequencing revealed 16 previously unreported polymorphisms, including a L237P variant on the F(141) haplotype. Two mass spectrometry multiplex assays were developed to score five codons of interest in U. S. sheep: 112, 136, 141, 154, and 171. Reference tissues, DNA, trace files, and genotypes from this project are publicly available for use without restriction. Conclusion: Identifying ovine PRNP polymorphisms in targeted flocks is critical for designing efficient scrapie genetic testing systems. Together with reference DNA panels, this information facilitates training, certification, and development of new tests and knowledge that may expedite the eradication of sheep scrapie. C1 [Heaton, Michael P.; Leymaster, Kreg A.; Freking, Brad A.; Smith, Timothy P. L.; Clawson, Michael L.; Laegreid, William W.] ARS, USDA, USMARC, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Kalbfleisch, Theodore S.] Univ Louisville, Ctr Genet & Mol Med, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Laegreid, William W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. RP Heaton, MP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, USMARC, State Spur 18D,POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM mike.heaton@ars.usda.gov OI Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Funding for this research was provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Products and company names are necessary to accurately report the methods and results; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product. Use of names by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1746-6148 J9 BMC VET RES JI BMC Vet. Res. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 6 AR 23 DI 10.1186/1746-6148-6-23 PG 17 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 604EI UT WOS:000278259700001 PM 20433741 ER PT J AU Galang, MA Morris, LA Markewitz, D Jackson, CR Carter, EA AF Galang, Marco A. Morris, Lawrence A. Markewitz, Daniel Jackson, C. Rhett Carter, Emily A. TI Prescribed burning effects on the hydrologic behavior of gullies in the South Carolina Piedmont SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Gully erosion; Nonpoint source pollution; Water perching; Surface runoff ID WATER-QUALITY; SOUTHEASTERN PIEDMONT; FIRE; EROSION; FORESTS; PHOSPHORUS; CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENT; NITROGEN; RUNOFF AB Gullies found in the Piedmont of South Carolina are legacies of past land use and erosion. Although the majority of these gullies are now under forest vegetation and perceived as geomorphologically stable, the question of gully contribution to nonpoint source pollution remains undetermined, especially when these gullies are subjected to prescribed burning or other forest disturbance. Six prescribed burned and two reference gullies draining mature pine stands grown on former cotton fields were instrumented at the Long Cane Ranger District, Sumter National Forest, South Carolina to characterize the hydrologic behavior of these gullies and to investigate response to prescribed burning. Flow in the gullies was observed for one year of pre-burn and one year of post-burn conditions. Hydrologic behavior of these eight gullies varied greatly in the pre-treatment period. During the study, 48 rainfall events exceeding 12.7 mm were recorded, but one reference gully never produced flow and three treatment gullies flowed during three events or less and only in the pre-burn period. Although significant storm events occurred throughout the year, all gully flow events occurred between December and March. Double-mass and graphical analysis of relative stormflow production of the reference and treatment gullies in the pre- and post-treatment periods did not indicate an effect of the controlled burn on flow behavior, but the post-burn year was characterized by drought. The observed inter-annual variation in gully behavior was large. Observations of local groundwater conditions with piezometers and electrical resistivity surveys indicated that gully flows were controlled by the presence of a flow-restricting layer below the gully bed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galang, Marco A.; Morris, Lawrence A.; Markewitz, Daniel; Jackson, C. Rhett] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Carter, Emily A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL USA. RP Markewitz, D (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmarke@warnell.uga.edu OI Jackson, C. Rhett/0000-0001-6165-3556 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 10 BP 1959 EP 1970 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.02.007 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 597LZ UT WOS:000277760100011 ER PT J AU Gurtler, JB Rivera, RB Zhang, HQ Geveke, DJ AF Gurtler, Joshua B. Rivera, Rebecca B. Zhang, Howard Q. Geveke, David J. TI Selection of surrogate bacteria in place of E-coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium for pulsed electric field treatment of orange juice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pulsed electric field; Salmonella; E. coli O157:H7; Orange juice; Non-pathogenic surrogate bacteria ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; FRUIT JUICES; APPLE JUICE; REFRIGERATED STORAGE; MEMBRANE DAMAGE; ACID TOLERANCE; VIABILITY LOSS; INACTIVATION; O157-H7 AB Pulsed electric field (PEE) technology has been used for the inactivation of microorganisms and to prevent flavor loss in liquid foods and beverages in place of thermal pasteurization. When used to pasteurize orange juice, PEE may prevent loss of volatile sensory attributes. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC), two strains of Salmonella Typhimurium, and twenty strains of non-pathogenic bacteria were screened for inactivation in orange juice by PEF at 22 and 20 kV/cm at 45 and 55 degrees C, respectively. Higher populations of both salmonellae were inactivated (2.81 and 3.54 log CFU/ml) at 55 degrees C, in comparison with the reduction of EHEC (2.22 log). When tested under the same conditions, inactivation of EHEC was slightly greater than that of a non-pathogenic E. coli (NPEC) ATCC 35218 (2.02 log). NPEC was further tested as a surrogate for EHEC by comparing inactivation kinetics at 45, 50 and 55 degrees C at field strengths of between 7.86 and 32.55 kV/cm. Statistical comparison of revealed that EHEC and NPEC inactivation curves were homogeneous at outlet temperatures of 45 and 50 degrees C; however, EHEC was slightly more sensitive to PEE than the surrogate NPEC at 55 degrees C. The higher PEE resistance of non-pathogenic E. coli 35218 at 55 degrees C may provide a desirable margin of safety when used in pilot plant challenge studies in place of E. coli O157:H7. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gurtler, Joshua B.; Rivera, Rebecca B.; Zhang, Howard Q.; Geveke, David J.] ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gurtler, JB (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM joshua.gurtler@ars.usda.gov NR 53 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 EI 1879-3460 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.023 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 588IG UT WOS:000277062200001 PM 20223544 ER PT J AU Patel, J Sharma, M AF Patel, Jitendra Sharma, Manan TI Differences in attachment of Salmonella enterica serovars to cabbage and lettuce leaves SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; Produce; Attachment; Lettuce; Cabbage; Biofilm ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; BIOFILM FORMATION; HUMAN PATHOGENS; SURFACE-CHARGE; SALAD LEAVES; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCE; HYDROPHOBICITY; COLONIZATION AB This study investigated the ability of five Salmonella enterica serovars to attach to and colonize intact and cut lettuce (Iceberg, Romaine) and cabbage surfaces. Biofilm formation and attachment of Salmonella serovars to intact and cut leaves were determined. Populations of loosely and strongly attached Salmonella were obtained to calculate the attachment strength (S(R)). Biofilm formation, as determined by microtiter plate assay, varied with strain and growth medium used. Salmonella Tennessee and S. Thompson produced stronger biofilms compared to S. Newport, S. Negev, and S. Braenderup. Biofilm formation was also stronger when Salmonella spp. were grown in diluted TSB (1:10). S. Tennessee, which produced strong biofilms, attached to produce surfaces at significantly higher numbers than the populations of S. Negev. Overall, S. Tennessee displayed more biofilm formation in vitro and attached more strongly to lettuce than other serovars. All Salmonella serovars attached rapidly on intact and cut produce surfaces. Salmonella spp. attached to Romaine lettuce at significantly higher numbers than those attached to Iceberg lettuce or cabbage. Salmonella attached preferentially to cut surface of all produce; however, the difference between Salmonella populations attached to intact and cut surfaces was similar (P>0.05). Salmonella attachment to both intact and cut produce surfaces increased with time. The overall attachment strength of Salmonella was significantly lower on cabbage (0.12) followed by Iceberg (0.23) and Romaine lettuce (0.34). Cabbage, intact or cut, did not support attachment of Salmonella as well as Romaine lettuce. Understanding the attachment mechanisms of Salmonella to produce may be useful in developing new intervention strategies to prevent produce outbreaks. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Patel, Jitendra; Sharma, Manan] ARS, USDA, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC East,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 30 PY 2010 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.005 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 588IG UT WOS:000277062200007 PM 20226552 ER PT J AU Morales-Tirado, V Sojka, DK Katzman, SD Lazarski, CA Finkelman, FD Urban, JF Fowell, DJ AF Morales-Tirado, Vanessa Sojka, Dorothy K. Katzman, Shoshana D. Lazarski, Christopher A. Finkelman, Fred D. Urban, Joseph F. Fowell, Deborah J. TI Critical requirement for the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein in Th2 effector function SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID CD4(+) T-CELLS; IN-VIVO; IGE PRODUCTION; IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE; ACTIN POLYMERIZATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CUTTING EDGE; ERK-MAPK; WASP; DEFICIENT AB Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) have numerous immune cell deficiencies, but it remains unclear how abnormalities in individual cell types contribute to the pathologies of WAS. In T cells, the WAS protein (WASp) regulates actin polymerization and transcription, and plays a role in the dynamics of the immunologic synapse. To examine how these events influence CD4 function, we isolated the WASp deficiency to CD4(+) T cells by adoptive transfer into wild-type mice to study T-cell priming and effector function. WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells mediated protective T-helper 1 (Th1) responses to Leishmania major in vivo, but were unable to support Th2 immunity to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or L major. Mechanistically, WASp was not required for Th2 programming but was required for Th2 effector function. WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells up-regulated IL-4 and GATA3 mRNA and secreted IL-4 protein during Th2 differentiation. In contrast, cytokine transcription was uncoupled from protein production in WAS(-/-) Th2-primed effectors. WAS(-/-) Th2s failed to produce IL-4 protein on restimulation despite elevated IL-4/GATA3 mRNA. Moreover, dominant-negative WASp expression in WT effector T cells blocked IL-4 production, but had no effect on IFN gamma. Thus WASp plays a selective, posttranscriptional role in Th2 effector function. (Blood. 2010; 115(17): 3498-3507) C1 [Morales-Tirado, Vanessa; Sojka, Dorothy K.; Katzman, Shoshana D.; Lazarski, Christopher A.; Fowell, Deborah J.] Univ Rochester, David H Smith Ctr Vaccine Biol & Immunol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Inst Biomed Sci, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Finkelman, Fred D.] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Finkelman, Fred D.] Cincinnati Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Finkelman, Fred D.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. [Urban, Joseph F.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fowell, DJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, David H Smith Ctr Vaccine Biol & Immunol, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Inst Biomed Sci, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 609, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM deborah_fowell@urmc.rochester.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU National Institutes of Health [R01-AI50201, T32-AI007362, T32-A107285, R01 AI052099] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01-AI50201 (to D.J.F.), T32-AI007362 (to V.M.-T.), T32-A107285 (to S. D. K. and D. K. S.), and R01 AI052099 (to F. D. F.). NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD APR 29 PY 2010 VL 115 IS 17 BP 3498 EP 3507 DI 10.1182/blood-2009-07-235754 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 591WL UT WOS:000277335800015 PM 20032499 ER PT J AU Saenz, SA Siracusa, MC Perrigoue, JG Spencer, SP Urban, JF Tocker, JE Budelsky, AL Kleinschek, MA Kastelein, RA Kambayashi, T Bhandoola, A Artis, D AF Saenz, Steven A. Siracusa, Mark C. Perrigoue, Jacqueline G. Spencer, Sean P. Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Tocker, Joel E. Budelsky, Alison L. Kleinschek, Melanie A. Kastelein, Robert A. Kambayashi, Taku Bhandoola, Avinash Artis, David TI IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; INNATE IMMUNE-SYSTEM; IN-VIVO; DEPENDENT IMMUNITY; TYPE-2 IMMUNITY; IL-4; INFLAMMATION; HOMEOSTASIS; EXPRESSION; BASOPHILS AB CD4(+) T helper 2 (T(H)2) cells secrete interleukin (IL)4, IL5 and IL13, and are required for immunity to gastrointestinal helminth infections(1). However, T(H)2 cells also promote chronic inflammation associated with asthma and allergic disorders(2). The nonhaematopoietic-cell-derived cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL33 and IL25 (also known as IL17E) have been implicated in inducing T(H)2 cell-dependent inflammation at mucosal sites(3-6), but how these cytokines influence innate immune responses remains poorly defined. Here we show that IL25, a member of the IL17 cytokine family, promotes the accumulation of a lineage-negative (Lin(-)) multipotent progenitor (MPP) cell population in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses. The IL25-elicited cell population, termed MPPtype2 cells, was defined by the expression of Sca-1 (also known as Ly6a) and intermediate expression of c-Kit (c-Kit(int)), and exhibited multipotent capacity, giving rise to cells of monocyte/macrophage and granulocyte lineages both in vitro and in vivo. Progeny of MPPtype2 cells were competent antigen presenting cells, and adoptive transfer of MPPtype2 cells could promote T(H)2 cytokine responses and confer protective immunity to helminth infection in normally susceptible Il25(-/-) mice. The ability of IL25 to induce the emergence of an MPPtype2 cell population identifies a link between the IL17 cytokine family and extramedullary haematopoiesis, and suggests a previously unrecognized innate immune pathway that promotes T(H)2 cytokine responses at mucosal sites. C1 [Saenz, Steven A.; Siracusa, Mark C.; Perrigoue, Jacqueline G.; Spencer, Sean P.; Artis, David] Univ Penn, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kambayashi, Taku; Bhandoola, Avinash] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Tocker, Joel E.; Budelsky, Alison L.] Amgen Inc, Dept Inflammat Res, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Kleinschek, Melanie A.; Kastelein, Robert A.] Schering Plough Biopharma, Discovery Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Artis, D (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM dartis@vet.upenn.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU National Institutes of Health [AI61570, AI074878, AI083480, GM082187, AI007532-08]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Disease Center [P30 DK50306]; University of Pennsylvania (URF, VCID and PGI) FX We thank members of the Artis laboratory for constructive discussions, M. Abt, D. Hill, G. Sonnenberg, P. Giacomin, M. Nair and K. Walsh for critical reading of the manuscript, and T. Chi and J. J. Bell for invaluable assistance with reagents and experimental design. Work in the Artis laboratory is supported by the National Institutes of Health (AI61570, AI074878 and AI083480 to D. A., F31 training grant GM082187 to S. A. S., and T32 training grant AI007532-08 to J. G. P.), the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (to D. A.), a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Disease Center Grant (P30 DK50306) and pilot grants from the University of Pennsylvania (URF, VCID and PGI) (to D. A.). NR 30 TC 306 Z9 318 U1 6 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 29 PY 2010 VL 464 IS 7293 BP 1362 EP U8 DI 10.1038/nature08901 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 589LI UT WOS:000277149000049 PM 20200520 ER PT J AU Chen, P Harnly, JM Lester, GE AF Chen, Pei Harnly, James M. Lester, Gene E. TI Flow Injection Mass Spectral Fingerprints Demonstrate Chemical Differences in Rio Red Grapefruit with Respect to Year, Harvest Time, and Conventional versus Organic Farming SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi); mass spectral fingerprints; analysis of variance principal component analysis ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; NUTRITIONAL QUALITY; VARIANCE; FOOD; VEGETABLES; TOOL AB Spectral fingerprints were acquired for Rio Red grapefruit using flow injection electrospray ionization with ion trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (FI-ESI-IT-MS and FI-ESI-TOF-MS). Rio Red grapefruits were harvested 3 times a year (early, mid, and late harvests) in 2005 and 2006 from conventionally and organically grown trees. Data analysis using analysis of variance principal component analysis (ANOVA-PCA) demonstrated that, for both MS systems, the chemical patterns were different as a function of farming mode (conventional vs organic), as well as growing year and time of harvest. This was visually obvious with PCA and was shown to be statistically significant using ANOVA. The spectral fingerprints provided a more inclusive view of the chemical composition of the grapefruit and extended previous conclusions regarding the chemical differences between conventionally and organically grown Rio Red grapefruit. C1 [Chen, Pei; Harnly, James M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lester, Gene E.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM pei.chen@ars.usda.gov FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 28 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 4545 EP 4553 DI 10.1021/jf904324c PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 584VR UT WOS:000276782100002 PM 20337420 ER PT J AU Lester, GE Hallman, GJ Perez, JA AF Lester, Gene E. Hallman, Guy J. Perez, Juliana A. TI gamma-Irradiation Dose: Effects on Baby-Leaf Spinach Ascorbic Acid, Carotenoids, Folate, alpha-Tocopherol, and Phylloquinone Concentrations SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Spinach (Spinacia oleracea); neoxanthin; violaxanthin; lutein; zeaxanthin; beta-carotene; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; growing/sampling ID IONIZING-RADIATION; LEAVES; OXYGEN; DAMAGE; FOOD AB Ionizing radiation of fruits and vegetables, in the form of gamma rays or electron beams, is effective in overcoming quarantine barriers in trade and prolonging shelf life, but a void of information persists on ionizing radiation effects of vitamin profiles in individual foods. Baby-leaf spinach from commercial cultivars, flat-leafed 'Lazio' and crinkled-leaf Samish', was grown, harvested, and surface sanitized according to industry practices. Baby-leaf spinach of each cultivar was packaged under air or N(2) atmosphere, representing industry practices, then exposed to cesium-137 gamma-radiation at 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 kGy. Following irradiation, leaf tissues were assayed for vitamin (C, E, K, B(9)) and carotenoid (lutein/zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, violoxanthin, and beta-carotene) concentrations. Atmospheres by irradiation had little consistent effect, but N(2) versus air was associated with elevated dihydroascorbic acid levels. Four phytonutrients (vitamins B(9), E, and K and neoxanthin) exhibited little or no change in concentration with increasing doses of irradiation. However, total ascorbic acid (vitamin C), free ascorbic acid, lutein/zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, and beta-carotene all were significantly reduced at 2.0 kGy and, depending on cultivar, were affected at lesser doses of 0.5 and 1.5 kGy. Dihydroascorbic acid, the most affected compound and an indicator of stress, likely due to irradiation-generated oxidative radicals, increased with increasing irradiation doses >0.5 kGy. C1 [Lester, Gene E.; Hallman, Guy J.] USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Perez, Juliana A.] Natl Atom Energy Commiss, Microbiol & Biotechnol Lab, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Lester, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Bldg 002,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM gene.lester@ars.usda.gov OI Perez, Juliana/0000-0002-8959-5500 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 28 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 4901 EP 4906 DI 10.1021/jf100146m PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 584VR UT WOS:000276782100053 PM 20329797 ER PT J AU Mora-Gutierrez, A Attaie, R Farrell, HM AF Mora-Gutierrez, Adela Attaie, Rahmat Farrell, Harold M., Jr. TI Lipid Oxidation in Algae Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Bovine and Caprine Caseins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bovine casein; caprine casein; emulsion; oxidative stability; carotenoids ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CASEINOPHOSPHOPEPTIDE-BOUND IRON; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; BETA-CASEIN; SINGLET OXYGEN; MILK-PROTEINS; TERM INFANTS; HUMAN HEALTH; FOOD; CHEMISTRY AB Caseins (alpha(s1)-, alpha(s2)-, and beta-casein) are phosphoproteins that are capable of binding transition metals and scavenging free radicals; this property makes them good candidates to be used as natural antioxidants in oil-in-water emulsions. Caprine casein exhibits variability in alpha(s1)-casein content generated by genetic polymorphism. This variability in composition could lead to altered antioxidant properties. Thus, the ability of two caprine caseins differing in alpha(s1)-casein content to inhibit lipid oxidation in algae oil-in-water emulsions at 5% oil was investigated and compared to bovine caseinate. All caseins inhibited the formation of lipid oxidation at pH 7.0 as determined by lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). However, caprine caseins were in general more effective inhibitors of lipid oxidation than the bovine caseins, which may be attributed to their altered casein amino acid content and/or metal binding capabilities. The combination of the carotenoids with bovine and caprine caseins was highly effective at repressing oxidation leading to the speculation that the caseins may inhibit the loss of the carotenoids and/or react with and enhance the carotenoid activity; again some differences between bovine and caprine caseins were observed with caprine caseins being slightly more effective in the presence of carotenoids. C1 [Mora-Gutierrez, Adela; Attaie, Rahmat] Prairie View A&M Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Ctr, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Farrell, Harold M., Jr.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mora-Gutierrez, A (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Ctr, POB 519,MS 2008, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. EM admora@pvamu.edu NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 28 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 8 BP 5131 EP 5139 DI 10.1021/jf904343f PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 584VR UT WOS:000276782100085 PM 20232823 ER PT J AU Northup, DE Snider, JR Spilde, MN Porter, ML van de Kamp, JL Boston, PJ Nyberg, AM Bargar, JR AF Northup, Diana E. Snider, Jessica R. Spilde, Michael N. Porter, Megan L. van de Kamp, Jodie L. Boston, Penelope J. Nyberg, April M. Bargar, John R. TI Diversity of rock varnish bacterial communities from Black Canyon, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; MANGANESE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; DESERT VARNISH; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; WHIPPLE MOUNTAINS; ELECTRON-PROBE; SONORAN DESERT; MOJAVE DESERT AB Scientists vigorously debate the degree to which rock varnish is formed through the actions of microorganisms. To investigate this enigma, we utilized a three-pronged approach that combined (1) culture-independent molecular methods to characterize bacterial communities associated with varnish that coats the rhyolitic volcanic rocks of Black Canyon, New Mexico, and rocks with no visible varnish; (2) culturing of varnish in media supplemented with reduced forms of manganese and/or iron and no or low amounts of carbon to isolate bacteria capable of precipitating iron and/or manganese oxides; and (3) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of varnish and nearby rock that lacks macroscopically visible varnish. Our culture-independent studies revealed significant differences between varnish and nonvarnish communities. Chloroflexi and Ktedobacteria dominated one varnish site, while the other varnish site was dominated by Cyanobacteria. The nonvarnish sites were dominated by Actinobacteria and, to a lesser extent, Cyanobacteria and were the only samples to contain Deinococcus-Thermus sequences. Approximately 65% of varnish cultures produced visible manganese precipitates. Most culture isolates were not closely related to known manganese oxidizers, with the exception of Bacillus spp. SEM revealed microbial morphologies and two types of varnish morphologies: (1) relatively smooth layers and (2) patches of botryoidal pinnacles, which were often associated with increased manganese concentrations. "Bare" rock showed evidence of incipient varnish. These results have important implications for the detection of life on extraterrestrial planets such as Mars, where putative varnish coatings have been observed, and represent some of the first culture-independent characterizations of varnish communities. C1 [Northup, Diana E.; Snider, Jessica R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Spilde, Michael N.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Porter, Megan L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [van de Kamp, Jodie L.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Boston, Penelope J.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Nyberg, April M.] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Northup, DE (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dnorthup@unm.edu RI van de Kamp, Jodie/E-9423-2015 FU National Science Foundation [EAR0311932, EAR0311930]; Kenneth Ingham Consulting; NIH, National Center for Research Resources [P20RR18754] FX Special thanks go to John Craig for analyses and countless acts of assistance in the laboratory. The authors thank Doug Moore, Sevilleta LTER, for the rain and dry deposition samples. Donna Pham and Casey Gilman were very helpful with initial sequencing efforts. Our gratitude goes to Rasima Bakhtiyarova for great assistance with culture wrangling. Leslie Melim and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments on the manuscript, which led to substantial improvement. This work could not have been done without the generous support of the National Science Foundation's Geosciences Directorate (EAR0311932 to D. Northup and EAR0311930 to P. Boston) and Kenneth Ingham Consulting. We acknowledge technical support from the University of New Mexico Department of Biology's Molecular Biology Facility, supported by NIH grant P20RR18754 from the Institute Development Award Program of the National Center for Research Resources. NR 101 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD APR 27 PY 2010 VL 115 AR G02007 DI 10.1029/2009JG001107 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 590WU UT WOS:000277259800001 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Karau, E AF Keane, Robert E. Karau, Eva TI Evaluating the ecological benefits of wildfire by integrating fire and ecosystem simulation models SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Landscape modeling; Historical range and variability; Fire effects; Fire severity; Vegetation succession ID MULTIPLE SCALES; WILDLAND FIRE; HABITAT TYPES; FUEL; VEGETATION; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; SUCCESSION; LANDFIRE; WEATHER AB Fire managers are now realizing that wildfires can be beneficial because they can reduce hazardous fuels and restore fire-dominated ecosystems. A software tool that assesses potential beneficial and detrimental ecological effects from wildfire would be helpful to fire management. This paper presents a simulation platform called FLEAT (Fire and Landscape Ecology Assessment Tool) that integrates several existing landscape- and stand-level simulation models to compute an ecologically based measure that describes if a wildfire is moving the burning landscape towards or away from the historical range and variation of vegetation composition. FLEAT uses a fire effects model to simulate fire severity, which is then used to predict vegetation development for 1,10, and 100 years into the future using a landscape simulation model. The landscape is then simulated for 5000 years using parameters derived from historical data to create an historical time series that is compared to the predicted landscape composition at year 1, 10, and 100 to compute a metric that describes their similarity to the simulated historical conditions. This tool is designed to be used in operational wildfire management using the LANDFIRE spatial database so that fire managers can decide how aggressively to suppress wildfires. Validation of fire severity predictions using field data from six wildfires revealed that while accuracy is moderate (30-60%), it is mostly dictated by the quality of GIS layers input to FLEAT. Predicted 1-year landscape compositions were only 8% accurate but this was because the LANDFIRE mapped pre-fire composition accuracy was low (21%). This platform can be integrated into current readily available software products to produce an operational tool for balancing benefits of wildfire with potential dangers. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Keane, Robert E.; Karau, Eva] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula Fire Sci Lab, 5775 Highway,10 West, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. EM rkeane@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Washington Office Fire and Aviation Management FX This work was partially funded by the Wild land Fire RDA project of the US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station and the Washington Office Fire and Aviation Management (Wendel Hann, Rich Lasko). We also thank Dave Calkin and Kevin Hyde, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station for valuable assistance. Last, we would like to thank four anonymous reviewers assigned by the journal Fire Ecology and Ecological Modelling for their excellent reviews. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 24 PY 2010 VL 221 IS 8 BP 1162 EP 1172 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.01.008 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 582DD UT WOS:000276574900009 ER PT J AU Lee, KJ Powell, MS Barrows, FT Smiley, S Bechtel, P Hardy, RW AF Lee, Kyeong-Jun Powell, Madison S. Barrows, Frederick T. Smiley, Scott Bechtel, Peter Hardy, Ronald W. TI Evaluation of supplemental fish bone meal made from Alaska seafood processing by products and dicalcium phosphate in plant protein based diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Fish meal; Fish bone meal; Dicalcium phosphate; Rainbow trout; Plant protein; Ca/P ratio ID FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; FISHERIES BY-CATCH; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT; SOYBEAN-MEAL; MINERAL REQUIREMENTS; ATLANTIC SALMON; PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATION; METABOLIC-RESPONSE; MICROBIAL PHYTASE AB We report performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a balanced dietary mix of plant proteins supplemented with either fish bone meal (FBM) derived from Alaskan seafood processing byproducts or dicalcium phosphate. Seven experimental diets were formulated to contain two levels of dicalcium phosphate or two levels of two different kinds of FBM in all plant-protein (APP) based diets as follows: Diet 1, FM based; Diets 2 and 3, APP diets with low or high dicalcium phosphate; Diets 4 and 5, APP diets with 4% or 8% low phosphorus FBM; and Diets 6 and 7, APP diets with 2.7% or 5.4% high phosphorus FBM. The limiting amino acids methionine and lysine, as well as the amino sulfonic acid taurine, were added to the APP diets at appropriate concentrations. Triplicate groups of juvenile rainbow trout (average weight 31.5 g) were fed one of the seven experimental diets for 12 weeks. Negative effects on growth performance and feed utilization were observed in the fish fed both kinds of FBM or the low level of dicalcium phosphate supplemented to APP diets. Fish fed high levels of dicalcium phosphate showed growth performance and feed utilization that was not significantly different from the control group indicating that FM may be completely replaced by plant proteins with appropriate dietary supplements. Significantly decreased ash levels and increased lipid content were observed in fish fed diets supplemented with FBM or dicalcium phosphate at low levels. Whole-body phosphorus level was not significantly different between controls and fish fed APP diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate whereas phosphorus levels were significantly lower in FBM fed fish. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein and phosphorus were lower in the control diet than diet 3. The digestibility of the two kinds of FBM was not different. Therefore, the results indicate that total replacement of dietary FM solely by plant proteins could be possible in rainbow trout with no apparent reduction in growth performance or feed utilization when a balanced mix of plant protein ingredients is properly supplemented with highly available inorganic phosphate, limiting amino acids and taurine. Maintenance of the body Ca/P ratio close to 1 was also found in rainbow trout although the differences in diets were considerable. Alaskan FBM could be used in fish feeds as a supplemental calcium source but not as the primary source of phosphorus because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to fish in these diets. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Kyeong-Jun; Powell, Madison S.; Hardy, Ronald W.] Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Lee, Kyeong-Jun] Cheju Natl Univ, Dept Marine Life Sci, Cheju 690756, South Korea. [Lee, Kyeong-Jun] Marine & Environm Res Inst, Cheju 695814, South Korea. [Barrows, Frederick T.] ARS, USDA, Trout Grains Project, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Smiley, Scott] Univ Alaska, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Bechtel, Peter] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA, ARS, Subarctic Agr Res Unit,Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Hardy, RW (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Inst Aquaculture Res, Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, 3059-F Natl Fish Hatchery Rd, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. EM rhardy@uidaho.edu RI Powell, Madison/H-7050-2014 OI Powell, Madison/0000-0002-1851-3168 FU USDA-ARS [58-5341-9-441] FX This study was funded in part by USDA-ARS Specific Cooperative Agreement # 58-5341-9-441. We thank Mike Casten, Carol Hoffman and Dr. Ken Rodnick for their assistance. NR 50 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 23 PY 2010 VL 302 IS 3-4 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.034 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 598PW UT WOS:000277851300015 ER PT J AU Tarver, MR Zhou, XG Scharf, ME AF Tarver, Matthew R. Zhou, Xuguo Scharf, Michael E. TI Socio-environmental and endocrine influences on developmental and caste-regulatory gene expression in the eusocial termite Reticulitermes flavipes SO BMC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE-HORMONE SYNTHESIS; FORMOSAN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; PINE ENGRAVER BEETLE; RED FLOUR BEETLE; SOLDIER DIFFERENTIATION; HONEY-BEE; PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; TRIBOLIUM-CASTANEUM; ISOLATED WORKERS; CORPORA-ALLATA AB Background: Strict regulation of caste differentiation, at the molecular level, is thought to be important to maintain social structure in insect societies. Previously, a number of extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been shown to influence caste composition in termite colonies. One important factor is the influence of nestmates; in particular, soldier termites are known to inhibit hormone-dependent worker-to-soldier differentiation. However, soldier influences on nestmates at the molecular level are virtually unknown. Here, to test the hypothesis that soldiers can influence nestmate gene expression, we investigated the impact of four treatments on whole-body gene expression in totipotent Reticulitermes flavipes workers: (i) juvenile hormone III (JHIII; a morphogenetic hormone), (ii) soldier head extracts (SHE), (iii) JHIII+SHE, and (iv) live soldiers. Results: Using quantitative-real-time PCR we determined the expression patterns of 49 previously identified candidate genes in response to the four treatments at assay days 1, 5, and 10. Thirty-eight total genes from three categories (chemical production/degradation, hemolymph protein, and developmental) showed significant differential expression among treatments. Most importantly, SHE and live soldier treatments had a significant impact on a number of genes from families known to play roles in insect development, supporting previous findings and hypotheses that soldiers regulate nestmate caste differentiation via terpene primer pheromones contained in their heads. Conclusions: This research provides new insights into the impacts that socio-environmental factors (JH, soldiers, primer pheromones) can have on termite gene expression and caste differentiation, and reveals a number of socially-relevant genes for investigation in subsequent caste differentiation research. C1 [Tarver, Matthew R.; Zhou, Xuguo; Scharf, Michael E.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tarver, Matthew R.] USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, SRRC, New Orleans, LA USA. [Zhou, Xuguo] Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Scharf, ME (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mescharf@ufl.edu FU CSREES-USDA-NRI [2007-35607-17777]; The Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Inc.; DOE [DE-FG36-02GO12026]; University of Florida IFAS Innovation FX We thank Aurelien Tartar for assistance with gut gene bioinformatics, Daniel Hahn for valuable discussions on expression analysis, and Alan Lax and Dunhua Zhang for critical reading of manuscript drafts. This work was supported by CSREES-USDA-NRI grant No. 2007-35607-17777 to MES and XZ, by The Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Inc. and DOE Prime Agreement No. DE-FG36-02GO12026 to MES, and a University of Florida IFAS Innovation Grant to MES. NR 72 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 24 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2199 J9 BMC MOL BIOL JI BMC Mol. Biol. PD APR 23 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 28 DI 10.1186/1471-2199-11-28 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 603PA UT WOS:000278219300001 PM 20416061 ER PT J AU Yagi, R Junttila, IS Wei, G Urban, JF Zhao, KJ Paul, WE Zhu, JF AF Yagi, Ryoji Junttila, Ilkka S. Wei, Gang Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Zhao, Keji Paul, William E. Zhu, Jinfang TI The Transcription Factor GATA3 Actively Represses RUNX3 Protein-Regulated Production of Interferon-gamma SO IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HELPER TYPE-1 CELLS; CD4(+) T-CELLS; TH2 DIFFERENTIATION; LINEAGE COMMITMENT; BET; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; STAT4; GENE; SIGNALS AB The transcription factor GATA3 is crucial for the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Here, we show that deletion of Gata3 allowed the appearance of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells in the absence of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN-gamma. Such IFN-gamma production was transcription factor T-bet independent. Another T-box-containing transcription factor Eomes, but not T-bet, was induced both in GATA3-deficient CD4(+) T cells differentiated under Th2 cell conditions and in Th2 cells with enforced Runx3 expression, contributing to IFN-gamma production. GATA3 overexpression blocked Runx3-mediated Eomes induction and IFN-gamma production, and GATA3 protein physically interacted with Runx3 protein. Furthermore, we found that Runx3 directly bound to multiple regulatory elements of the Ifng gene and that blocking Runx3 function in either Th1 or GATA3-deficient "Th2" cells results in diminished IFN-gamma production by these cells. Thus, the Runx3-mediated pathway, actively suppressed by GATA3, induces IFN-gamma production in a STAT4- and T-bet-independent manner. C1 [Yagi, Ryoji; Junttila, Ilkka S.; Paul, William E.; Zhu, Jinfang] NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wei, Gang; Zhao, Keji] NHLBI, Lab Mol Immunol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zhu, JF (reprint author), NIAID, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Wei, Gang/A-3291-2011; Zhu, Jinfang/B-7574-2012 FU Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA FX We thank N Killeen for providing dLck-Cre transgenic mice (line 3779), I Taniuchi and D R Littman for providing anti-CBF beta and Runxfl/fl mice, S L Reiner for providing Eomes-GFP-RV and T-bet DN-GFP-RV, R A Flavell for providing Thy1 1-RV, T Egawa for both providing Runx antibody and for helpful discussion, S Tanksley, C Eigsti, and J Edwards for cell sorting, and T Nakayama, D Jankovic, N Takemoto, and H Yamane for their helpful discussions We also thank J J O'Shea and P L Schwartzberg for critical reading of the manuscript The work is supported by the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA NR 43 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 6 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1074-7613 J9 IMMUNITY JI Immunity PD APR 23 PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 BP 507 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.04.004 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 589RW UT WOS:000277171900010 PM 20399120 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM AF Cardamone, Jeanette M. TI Investigating the microstructure of keratin extracted from wool: Peptide sequence (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and protein conformation (FTIR) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE Keratin; Wool; Peptide sequence; Protein structure; MALDI/TOF-TOF; FTIR ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; ALPHA-KERATIN; ACID; FILMS; IDENTIFICATION; FIBERS; TISSUE; CELLS AB Investigations of keratins extracted from wool by reduction hydrolysis and by alkaline hydrolysis showed that their chemical compositions and secondary structures were similar to original wool. The keratin isolates were similar in amino acid, Amides I and II, and secondary structure to each other and to original wool. From SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, keratin isolated by reduction contained protein homologs of molecular weight, similar to 40-60 kDa and keratin isolate from alkaline hydrolysis contained peptide fragments of similar to 6-8 kDa. MALDI-TOF/TOF spectrometry confirmed that the reduction isolate contained Type II microfibrillar component 7C, hair Type II intermediate filament, Type I microfibrillar 48 kDa component 8C-1, and Type I microfibrillar 47.6 kDa protein homologs which contained alanine, glutamine, glutamic acid, leucine, serine, leucine, and cystine with highest amounts glutamic acid and leucine amino acids. FTIR spectroscopy was applied to examine secondary structure to confirm the content of alpha-helix/beta-sheet/disordered regions for original wool (58.2%/37.9%/3.9%); keratin from reduction (36.7%/50.2%/13.1%); and keratin from alkaline hydrolysis (25.7%/51.8%/22.5%). The higher content of beta-sheet secondary structure and intact alpha-helical conformation characterized these isolates as viable starting materials for chemical modification to form novel bin-based materials useful in industrial formulations and compositions. In particular keratin extracted by reduction with the molecular weight of original wool and the probability of useful mechanical properties can be transformed into stand-alone products of various shapes and forms such as porous foams, sponges, mats, and films for bio-based, adaptable structures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jan.cardamone@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD APR 22 PY 2010 VL 969 IS 1-3 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.01.048 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 584QC UT WOS:000276766300013 ER PT J AU Mound, LA Wheeler, GS Williams, DA AF Mound, L. A. Wheeler, G. S. Williams, D. A. TI Resolving cryptic species with morphology and DNA; thrips as a potential biocontrol agent of Brazilian peppertree, with a new species and overview of Pseudophilothrips (Thysanoptera) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Pseudophilothrips gandolfol sp.n.; Pseudophilothrips ichini; weed biological control; mtDNA COI gene; cryptic species ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; SCHINUS-TEREBINTHIFOLIUS; SEQUENCES; FLORIDA; PHLAEOTHRIPINAE; IDENTIFICATION; AUSTRALIA; ARGENTINA; PRIMERS AB Molecular and morphological evidence is presented to support the description of a second species of Pseudophilothrips from Brazil in association with Schinus terebinthifolius, an invasive weedy tree in North America. Pseudophilothrips is here recognized as a weakly defined genus comprising 13 described species from the Americas. This genus is presumably derived from within, rather than sister-genus to, the worldwide genus Liothrips of leaf-feeding species. C1 [Mound, L. A.] CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Wheeler, G. S.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. [Williams, D. A.] Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA. RP Mound, LA (reprint author), CSIRO Entomol, Canberra, ACT, Australia. EM Laurence.Mound@csiro.au; greg.wheeler@ars.usda.gov; dean.williams@tcu.edu RI Mound, Laurence/A-3967-2009 FU Florida Department of Environmental Protection [SL849]; South Florida Water Management District FX The new species is named in memory of Daniel Gandolfo and Javier Jara who died tragically in a car accident in 2006 whilst working on this biocontrol project. Thrips collecting was conducted with the assistance of Marcelo Vitorino, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, under the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente permit 09BR003939/DF. This project was partially funded by Florida Department of Environmental Protection (SL849) and South Florida Water Management District. Many people have helped the authors during these studies, including Emmanuela Mujica and Allison Hough who assisted with the genetic analyses, and the following who provided specimens, Jurgen Deckart, Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin; Estevao A. Silva, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Brazil; Mark Hoddle, University of California, Riverside. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD APR 21 PY 2010 IS 2432 BP 59 EP 68 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 585QX UT WOS:000276844300003 ER PT J AU Xiang, X Deng, ZA Chen, CX Gmitter, FG Bowman, K AF Xiang Xu Deng Zhan-ao Chen Chun-xian Gmitter, Fred G., Jr. Bowman, Kim TI Marker Assisted Selection in Citrus Rootstock Breeding Based on a Major Gene Locus 'Tyr1' Controlling Citrus Nematode Resistance SO AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES IN CHINA LA English DT Article DE citrus; Poncirus trifoliata; nematode resistance; marker-assisted selection ID TYLENCHULUS-SEMIPENETRANS; PONCIRUS-TRIFOLIATA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; LINKAGE AB Based on the former constructed 'Tyr1' locus genetic map in family 9145, from LB6-2 [Clementine mandarin (C. reticulata) x Hamlin orange (C sinensis) x Swingle citrumelo (C paradise x P. trifoliata), 9 markers were chosen for application in evaluating their effectiveness in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for citrus rootstock breeding program from many F, progeny of Poncirus trifoliata. As the mapping revealed that these markers were estimated within a range of 12.1 cM in the linkage group, and among them. SCO07 co-segregated with 'Tyr1, and 7A4R as the closest to 'Tyr1' with a distance of 1 5 cM, these markers were basically fitful to go MAS screening. The results of screening P. trifoliata 1:1 progeny indicated that all the markers were inherited in codominant fashion and most of them were heterozygous on PT (Pomery of P. trifoliata), marker 4L17R/Cfol and 7A4(1407)/BfaI were proved to be consistently reliable for accurate scoring of genotypes and the revealed polymorphism was basically coincided with the citrus nematode resistant phenotype within tested populations The polymorphic genotype with marker 4L17R/CfoI was found completely matched up with the phenotype of individuals that conferred high resistance to citrus nematode when the USDA hybrid rootstocks were screened Utilization of these markers, especially the highly specific 4L17R/CfoI and 7A4(1407)/BfaI, should result in great benefit to world citrus industry for early selection in rootstock-breeding program C1 [Xiang Xu] Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Fruit Tree Res, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Deng Zhan-ao] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. [Chen Chun-xian; Gmitter, Fred G., Jr.] Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. [Bowman, Kim] USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Xiang, X (reprint author), Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Fruit Tree Res, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China. FU USDA [9201765, 9600748]; USDA/National Citrus Research Council [98012205]; Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, USA [942-27] FX This project was supported in part by grants from the USDA NRICGP (9201765, 9600748), USDA/National Citrus Research Council (98012205), and the Florida Citrus Production Research Advisory Council, USA (942-27). The authors wish to thank Ms. M Wendell, Ms. Wang Yinghong and Ms Wang Ling, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, USA, for their excellent technical support and assistance with the research NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1671-2927 J9 AGR SCI CHINA JI Agric. Sci. China PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 557 EP 567 DI 10.1016/S1671-2927(09)60129-2 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 609ZK UT WOS:000278697600013 ER PT J AU Camargo, A Ruano, J Fernandez, JM Parnell, LD Jimenez, A Santos-Gonzalez, M Marin, C Perez-Martinez, P Uceda, M Lopez-Miranda, J Perez-Jimenez, F AF Camargo, Antonio Ruano, Juan Fernandez, Juan M. Parnell, Laurence D. Jimenez, Anabel Santos-Gonzalez, Monica Marin, Carmen Perez-Martinez, Pablo Uceda, Marino Lopez-Miranda, Jose Perez-Jimenez, Francisco TI Gene expression changes in mononuclear cells in patients with metabolic syndrome after acute intake of phenol-rich virgin olive oil SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; E-DEFICIENT MICE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC PATIENTS; INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; RISK-FACTORS AB Background: Previous studies have shown that acute intake of high-phenol virgin olive oil reduces pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant and pro-thrombotic markers compared with low phenols virgin olive oil, but it still remains unclear whether effects attributed to its phenolic fraction are exerted at transcriptional level in vivo. To achieve this goal, we aimed at identifying expression changes in genes which could be mediated by virgin olive oil phenol compounds in the human. Results: Postprandial gene expression microarray analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells during postprandial period. Two virgin olive oil-based breakfasts with high (398 ppm) and low (70 ppm) content of phenolic compounds were administered to 20 patients suffering from metabolic syndrome following a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design. To eliminate the potential effect that might exist in their usual dietary habits, all subjects followed a similar low-fat, carbohydrate rich diet during the study period. Microarray analysis identified 98 differentially expressed genes (79 underexpressed and 19 overexpressed) when comparing the intake of phenol-rich olive oil with low-phenol olive oil. Many of these genes seem linked to obesity, dyslipemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among these, several genes seem involved in inflammatory processes mediated by transcription factor NF-kappa B, activator protein-1 transcription factor complex AP-1, cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPKs or arachidonic acid pathways. Conclusion: This study shows that intake of virgin olive oil based breakfast, which is rich in phenol compounds is able to repress in vivo expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, thereby switching activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a less deleterious inflammatory profile. These results provide at least a partial molecular basis for reduced risk of cardiovascular disease observed in Mediterranean countries, where virgin olive oil represents a main source of dietary fat. Admittedly, other lifestyle factors are also likely to contribute to lowered risk of cardiovascular disease in this region. C1 [Camargo, Antonio; Ruano, Juan; Fernandez, Juan M.; Jimenez, Anabel; Marin, Carmen; Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco] Univ Cordoba, IMIBIC, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Camargo, Antonio; Ruano, Juan; Fernandez, Juan M.; Jimenez, Anabel; Marin, Carmen; Perez-Martinez, Pablo; Lopez-Miranda, Jose; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco] CIBER Fisiopatol Obesidad & Nutr, Madrid, Spain. [Parnell, Laurence D.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr Human Nutr Res, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Santos-Gonzalez, Monica] Univ Cordoba, Dept Cell Biol Physiol & Immunol, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. [Uceda, Marino] IFAPA Ctr Venta Llano, E-23620 Jaen, Spain. RP Perez-Jimenez, F (reprint author), Univ Cordoba, IMIBIC, Lipids & Atherosclerosis Res Unit, Reina Sofia Univ Hosp, E-14071 Cordoba, Spain. EM fperezjimenez@uco.es RI Camargo, Antonio/G-9720-2015; OI Camargo, Antonio/0000-0002-0415-4184; Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Martinez, Pablo/0000-0001-7716-8117; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ruano, Juan/0000-0002-0286-4107 FU Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucia [AGR 922]; Ministerio de innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa [SAF 2003-05770]; Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia [06/0129, 0040/07]; Centro de Excelencia en Investigacion sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud (CEAS); Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino; Agencia para el Aceite de Oliva FX This work has been supported by Consejeria de Innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa, Junta de Andalucia (AGR 922 to FP-J), Ministerio de innovacion, Ciencia y Empresa (SAF 2003-05770 to FP-J), Consejeria de Salud, Junta de Andalucia (06/0129 to FP-J and 0040/07 to JR); Centro de Excelencia en Investigacion sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud (CEAS), Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, Agencia para el Aceite de Oliva. We wish to thank the patients who participated in this study. The CIBEROBN is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. We extend our thanks to Canoliva (Antonio Cano e Hijos SA, Luque, Cordoba), who generously donated the olive oil. NR 51 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 11 AR 253 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-11-253 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 600MV UT WOS:000277991700001 PM 20406432 ER PT J AU Offeman, RD Franqui-Espiet, D Cline, JL Robertson, GH Orts, WJ AF Offeman, Richard D. Franqui-Espiet, Diana Cline, Jessica L. Robertson, George H. Orts, William J. TI Extraction of ethanol with higher carboxylic acid solvents and their toxicity to yeast SO SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solvent extraction; Ethanol; Distribution coefficients; Yeast toxicity ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; MOLECULAR DESIGN; ALCOHOL SOLVENTS; OLEIC-ACID; FERMENTATION; WATER; INHIBITION; PRETREATMENT; SELECTION AB In a screening exercise for ethanol-selective extraction solvents, partitioning of ethanol and water from a 5 wt% aqueous solution into several C8-C18 carboxylic acids was studied. Results for the acids are compared with those from alcohols of similar structure. In all cases studied, the acids exhibited higher separation factor, but lower capacity than their alcohol analogs. Solvent toxicity to a commercial yeast commonly used in fuel ethanol production was evaluated for selected solvents. For the acids studied, those containing 12 or fewer carbons were toxic or inhibitory to the yeast: those containing 16 or more carbons were non-toxic and non-inhibitory. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Offeman, Richard D.; Franqui-Espiet, Diana; Cline, Jessica L.; Robertson, George H.; Orts, William J.] USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Offeman, RD (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Richard.Offeman@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5866 J9 SEP PURIF TECHNOL JI Sep. Purif. Technol. PD APR 20 PY 2010 VL 72 IS 2 BP 180 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.02.004 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 595VE UT WOS:000277640700008 ER PT J AU Davey, RB Pound, JM Miller, JA Klavons, JA AF Davey, Ronald B. Pound, J. Mathews Miller, J. Allen Klavons, Jerome A. TI Therapeutic and persistent efficacy of a long-acting (LA) formulation of ivermectin against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and sera concentration through time in treated cattle SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; Ivermectin; Control; Cattle fever tick; Endectocides; Macrocyclic lactones ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; INFESTED CATTLE; TICKS ACARI; ANNULATUS ACARI; SOUTH TEXAS; POUR-ON; DORAMECTIN; INJECTION; AMITRAZ; PERMETHRIN AB The concentration-time profile, therapeutic, and persistent efficacy of a single subcutaneous injection of cattle with a long-acting (LA) formulation of ivermectin at a concentration of 630 mu g/kg of body weight were determined against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Ivermectin sera concentration in treated cattle increased to 13.0 ppb within 1 d after treatment, and peaked at 26.2 ppb at 11 d post-treatment. Ivermectin sera levels remained above the threshold level for control of feeding ticks (>= 8 ppb) for 42.6 d after treatment. Therapeutic efficacy of ticks on treated animals was >99.9%, and tick number, index of fecundity, engorgement weight, and egg mass weight of ticks from treated animals remained dramatically less than ticks from untreated animals. Tick number and reproductive capacity of ticks infested on treated animals at 14 and 28 d post-treatment were less than for ticks on untreated animals, whereas engorgement weight and egg mass weight of treated ticks remained lower than that of untreated ticks 49 d post-treatment. However, the level of control against ticks infested at 14d after treatment (99.9%) was the only post-treatment infestation interval that provided the required 99% control necessary for use in the U.S. tick eradication program. The 14d post-treatment infestation was also the only interval at which infested ticks were exposed to ivermectin levels above the threshold level of 8 ppb for the entire parasitic development period. Cattle would have to be treated at intervals of no more than 31 d apart to ensure that no viable ticks could reach repletion and detach from the host. Although this treatment interval is >2-fold longer than the present treatment requirement (14 d), it is dramatically less than the label claim for the LA ivermectin formulation of 75 d of prevention against re-infestation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Davey, Ronald B.] ARS, USDA, SPA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Pound, J. Mathews; Miller, J. Allen; Klavons, Jerome A.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78029 USA. RP Davey, RB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SPA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Bldg 6419,22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. EM ronald.davey@ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 19 PY 2010 VL 169 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.040 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 585CE UT WOS:000276801100022 PM 20080349 ER PT J AU Jonsson, NN Miller, RJ Kemp, DH Knowles, A Ardila, AE Verrall, RG Rothwell, JT AF Jonsson, N. N. Miller, R. J. Kemp, D. H. Knowles, A. Ardila, A. E. Verrall, R. G. Rothwell, J. T. TI Rotation of treatments between spinosad and amitraz for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations with amitraz resistance SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amitraz; Spinosad; Acaricide rotation; Cattle tick; Rhipicephalus microplus ID CATTLE TICK; ACARICIDE RESISTANCE; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; IXODIDAE; MANAGEMENT; PREVALENCE; MUSCIDAE; STRATEGY; DIPTERA; STRAIN AB A farmlet study was conducted over 4 years in which three treatments were applied to six groups of Holstein dairy calves. Calves in each group were infested with equal numbers of N-strain (susceptible) and Ultimo strain (amitraz and synthetic pyrethroid resistant) tick larvae to establish self-sustaining populations with an initial, measurable level of resistance to amitraz. Standard counts of all ticks between 4.5 and 8.0 mm diameter on one side of each animal were made each week and treatment was applied when tick numbers exceeded a threshold of 25 engorged adults per side. The three treatments were: 1, spinosad spray whenever tick numbers exceeded the threshold; 2, amitraz spray whenever tick numbers exceeded the threshold; 3, spinosad whenever tick numbers exceeded the threshold for the first 2 months, then amitraz for 2 months, with alternation every subsequent 2 months. Engorged adult female ticks were collected from each treatment group on 10 or 11 occasions during the study and tested using the larval packet test bioassay (LPT) for acaricide resistance. Spinosad 250 ppm provided effective control of amitraz-resistant tick populations in the field, using a similar number of treatments as in the amitraz and rotation groups. The initial infestations of all of the groups resulted in the establishment of populations with in vitro evidence of resistance to amitraz using the LPT. Treatment with spinosad or with a rotation between spinosad and amitraz every 2 months resulted in reduced levels of resistance to amitraz according to the LPT. The animals treated with amitraz alone showed increasing resistance to amitraz according to the LPT each summer and autumn with a return to full or almost full susceptibility to amitraz in early spring in all years. This pattern suggests a relative lack of fitness of amitraz-resistant ticks that might be exploited by using an acaricide rotation strategy. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jonsson, N. N.; Ardila, A. E.; Verrall, R. G.; Rothwell, J. T.] Univ Queensland, Sch Vet Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Miller, R. J.] USDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. [Kemp, D. H.] CSIRO Livestock Ind, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Knowles, A.] Elanco Anim Hlth, W Ryde, NSW 2115, Australia. RP Jonsson, NN (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Fac Vet Med, 464 Bearsden Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, Lanark, Scotland. EM n.jonsson@vet.gla.ac.uk; robert.miller@ars.usda.gov OI Jonsson, Nicholas/0000-0003-3245-9783 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 19 PY 2010 VL 169 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.026 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 585CE UT WOS:000276801100023 PM 20079571 ER PT J AU Britton, AP Dubey, JP Rosenthal, BM AF Britton, Ann P. Dubey, J. P. Rosenthal, Benjamin M. TI Rhinitis and disseminated disease in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) naturally infected with Sarcocystis neurona SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhinitis; Meningoencephalitis; Inhalation; Ferret; Olfactory nerve; Sarcocystis neurona; Equine protozoal myeloencepahlitis; Mustela putorius furo ID DISTEMPER VIRUS-INFECTION; RACCOONS PROCYON-LOTOR; CANINE-DISTEMPER; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; ENCEPHALITIS; MICE; MIGRATION; NIGRIPES; PATHWAY; SYSTEM AB Naturally occurring Sarcocystis neurona infection in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with rhinitis and disseminated disease are described for the first time. The ferret exhibited severe rhinitis with intra-lesional S. neurona merozoites and schizonts. Diagnosis was confirmed immunohistochemically by staining with S. neurona-specific antibodies, and by phylogenetic analyses of conserved and variable portions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. On the basis of intense schizogony in the nasal mucosa, we propose the possibility of an olfactory nerve pathway route of infection for S. neurona meningoencephalitis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dubey, J. P.; Rosenthal, Benjamin M.] USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Britton, Ann P.] British Columbia Minist Agr & Lands, Ctr Anim Hlth, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 19 PY 2010 VL 169 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.12.043 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 585CE UT WOS:000276801100036 PM 20106599 ER PT J AU Crampton, LA Loeb, GM Hoelmer, KA Hoffmann, MP AF Crampton, Lora A. Loeb, Greg M. Hoelmer, Kim A. Hoffmann, Michael P. TI Effect of insecticide regimens on biological control of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, by Peristenus spp. in New York State apple orchards SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Reduced risk; organic; natural enemies; beneficial insects ID PHYTOPHAGOUS MIRIDS HEMIPTERA; REDUCED-RISK INSECTICIDES; MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC; BROAD-SPECTRUM; UNITED-STATES; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE AB To improve biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), the European parasitoid Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced into the US in the 1980's and has become established in forage alfalfa, strawberries and apples. The objective of this study was to determine how four different insecticide management regimes affected parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. During the summers of 2005 and 2006, L. lineolaris nymphs were collected from New York State apple orchards using industry standard, reduced risk, and organically approved insecticides only. A 'no insecticide' (abandoned orchard) treatment was also included in 2006. Rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris nymphs were determined using a DNA-based laboratory technique. Results indicated that insecticide treatment had a significant effect on rates of parasitism of L. lineolaris by Peristenus spp. Compared to the industry standard treatment, rates of parasitism were higher in reduced risk orchards and lower in organic orchards. These results suggest that it is difficult to predict a priori the consequences of insecticide programs and point to the need to take into consideration the specific pests and beneficial organisms involved as well as the crop and the specific insecticides being applied. C1 [Hoelmer, Kim A.] USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. [Crampton, Lora A.; Hoffmann, Michael P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Loeb, Greg M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Hoelmer, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Introduct Res Unit, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM lac62@cornell.edu; gmel@cornell.edu; kim.hoelmer@ars.usda.gov; mph3@cornell.edu FU USDA-ARS [581926-5-039] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the USDA-ARS (Cooperative agreement 581926-5-039). We also thank Bryan Danforth and Brian Lazzaro for the use of their laboratory facilities, Art Agnello for assistance with identifying potential study sites and William Day for assistance in planning the research. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publications are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the view of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1536-2442 EI 2250-2645 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD APR 17 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 36 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 586WU UT WOS:000276946600002 PM 20578957 ER PT J AU Wu, M Kang, MM Schoene, NW Cheng, WH AF Wu, Min Kang, Mandy M. Schoene, Norberta W. Cheng, Wen-Hsing TI Selenium Compounds Activate Early Barriers of Tumorigenesis SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; PREVENTION TRIAL SELECT; DNA-DAMAGE RESPONSE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; VITAMIN-E; DEPENDENT PHOSPHORYLATION; TRIGGERS SENESCENCE; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; LUNG-CANCER AB Selenium chemoprevention by apoptosis has been well studied, but it is not clear whether selenium can activate early barriers of tumorigenesis, namely senescence and DNA damage response. To test this hypothesis, we treated normal and cancerous cells with a gradient concentration of sodium selenite, methylseleninic acid and methylselenocysteine for 48 h, followed by a recovery of 1-7 days. Here we show that selenium compounds at doses of <= LD50 can induce cellular senescence, as evidenced by the expression of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation, in normal but not cancerous cells. In response to clastogens, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is rapidly activated, which in turn initiates a cascade of DNA damage response. We found that the ATM pathway is activated by the selenium compounds, and the kinase activity is required for the selenium-induced senescence response. Pretreatment of the MRC-5 non-cancerous cells with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl suppresses the selenium-induced ATM activation and senescence. Taken together, the results suggest a novel role of selenium in the activation of early tumorigenesis barriers specific in non-cancerous cells, whereby selenium induces an ATM-dependent senescence response that depends on reactive oxygen species. C1 [Wu, Min; Kang, Mandy M.; Cheng, Wen-Hsing] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schoene, Norberta W.] USDA, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cheng, WH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, 3107B Skinner Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM whcheng@umd.edu FU General Research Board, the University of Maryland at College Park; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service [1235-51530-052-00D] FX This work was supported in part by an award from the General Research Board, the University of Maryland at College Park (to W.-H. C.), and United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Project 1235-51530-052-00D (to N.W.S.). Downloaded from www.jbc.org at ISI, Thomson Scientific, on April 19, 2010 NR 52 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 16 PY 2010 VL 285 IS 16 BP 12055 EP 12062 DI 10.1074/jbc.M109.088781 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 584XI UT WOS:000276787100034 PM 20157118 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Son, KA Kwon, H Koesukwiwat, U Fu, WS Mastovska, K Hoh, E Leepipatpiboon, N AF Lehotay, Steven J. Son, Kyung Ae Kwon, Hyeyoung Koesukwiwat, Urairat Fu, Wusheng Mastovska, Katerina Hoh, Eunha Leepipatpiboon, Natchanun TI Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE QuEChERS; Pesticide residue analysis; Sample preparation; Gas chromatography; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Fruits and vegetables ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FAST GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTIRESIDUE ANALYTICAL METHOD; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; ETHYL-ACETATE EXTRACTION; BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; LOW-TEMPERATURE CLEANUP; GC-MS ANALYSIS AB This article describes the comparison of different versions of an easy, rapid and low-cost sample preparation approach for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by concurrent use of gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for detection. The sample preparation approach is known as QuEChERS, which stands for "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe". The three compared versions were based on the original unbuffered method, which was first published in 2003, and two interlaboratory validated versions: AOAC Official Method 2007.01, which uses acetate buffering, and European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Standard Method EN 15662, which calls for citrate buffering. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses using each method were tested from 50 to 1000 ng/g in apple-blueberry sauce, peas and limes spiked with 32 representative pesticides. As expected, the results were excellent (overall average of 98% recoveries with 10% RSD) using all 3 versions, except the unbuffered method gave somewhat lower recoveries for the few pH-dependent pesticides. The different methods worked equally well for all matrices tested with equivalent amounts of matrix co-extractives measured, matrix effects on quantification and chemical noise from matrix in the chromatographic backgrounds. The acetate-buffered version gave higher and more consistent recoveries for pymetrozine than the other versions in all 3 matrices and for thiabendazole in limes. None of the versions consistently worked well for chlorothalonil, folpet or tolylfluanid in peas, but the acetate-buffered method gave better results for screening of those pesticides. Also, due to the recent shortage in acetonitrile (MeCN), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was evaluated as a substitute solvent in the acetate-buffered QuEChERS version, but it generally led to less clean extracts and lower recoveries of pymetrozine, thiabendazole, acephate, methamidophos, omethoate and dimethoate. In summary, the acetate-buffered version of QuEChERS using MeCN exhibited advantages compared to the other tested methods in the study. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lehotay, Steven J.; Koesukwiwat, Urairat; Mastovska, Katerina; Hoh, Eunha] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Son, Kyung Ae; Kwon, Hyeyoung] Natl Acad Agr Sci, Rural Dev Adm, Suwon 441707, South Korea. [Koesukwiwat, Urairat; Leepipatpiboon, Natchanun] Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Chromatog & Separat Res Unit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. [Fu, Wusheng] Fujian Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fuzhou 350001, Peoples R China. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM steven.lehotay@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 314 Z9 356 U1 33 U2 298 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 16 PY 2010 VL 1217 IS 16 BP 2548 EP 2560 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.044 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 582AJ UT WOS:000276567100026 PM 20144460 ER PT J AU Atwood, TC Gese, EM AF Atwood, Todd C. Gese, Eric M. TI Importance of resource selection and social behavior to partitioning of hostile space by sympatric canids SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE aggression; Canis latrans; Canis lupus; coyotes; interaction; resource partitioning; risk assessment; social status; wolves ID MOUNTAIN-NATIONAL-PARK; HUNTING GROUP-SIZE; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; RECOLONIZING WOLVES; HABITAT SELECTION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; SPOTTED HYAENAS; ARCTIC FOXES; COYOTES AB Investigations into mechanisms of resource partitioning are particularly suited to systems where nascent interactive behaviors are observable. Wolf (Cams lupus) recolonization of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem provided such a system, and we were able to identify behaviors influencing the partitioning of resources by coyotes (Cams latrans) and wolves. We observed coyote wolf interactions immediately after wolf recolonization, when reemergent behaviors mediating the outcome of competitive interactions were detectable and mechanisms of spatial avoidance were identifiable Although coyotes used the same space as wolves, they likely minimized risk of encounter by making adaptive changes in resource selection based on perception of wolf activity and potential scavenging opportunities When exploiting carrion subsidies e, ungulates), coyotes relied on social behaviors (i.e., numerical advantage in concert with heightened aggression) to mitigate escalating risk from wolves and increase resource-holding potential By adapting behaviors to fluctuating risk, coyotes might reduce the amplitude of competitive asymmetries We concluded coyotes do not perceive wolves as a threat requiring generalized spatial avoidance Rather, the threat of aggressive interactions with wolves is spatially discrete and primarily contained to areas adjacent to carrion resources DOI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-078.1 C1 [Gese, Eric M.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Atwood, Todd C.; Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Atwood, TC (reprint author), US Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, US Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 8 U2 53 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD APR 16 PY 2010 VL 91 IS 2 BP 490 EP 499 DI 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-078.1 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 589BX UT WOS:000277120600019 ER PT J AU Zheng, LQ Cheng, ZQ Ai, CX Jiang, XH Bei, XS Zheng, Y Glahn, RP Welch, RM Miller, DD Lei, XG Shou, HX AF Zheng, Luqing Cheng, Zhiqiang Ai, Chunxiang Jiang, Xinhang Bei, Xiaoshu Zheng, Ye Glahn, Raymond P. Welch, Ross M. Miller, Dennis D. Lei, Xin Gen Shou, Huixia TI Nicotianamine, a Novel Enhancer of Rice Iron Bioavailability to Humans SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CELL-CULTURE MODEL; I-CONVERTING-ENZYME; TRANSGENIC RICE; SYNTHASE GENE; FORTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; AVAILABILITY; ACCUMULATION; FERRITIN; CITRATE AB Background: Polished rice is a staple food for over 50% of the world's population, but contains little bioavailable iron (Fe) to meet human needs. Thus, biofortifying the rice grain with novel promoters or enhancers of Fe utilization would be one of the most effective strategies to prevent the high prevalence of Fe deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the developing world. Methodology/Principal Findings: We transformed an elite rice line cultivated in Southern China with the rice nicotianamine synthase gene (OsNAS1) fused to a rice glutelin promoter. Endosperm overexpression of OsNAS1 resulted in a significant increase in nicotianamine (NA) concentrations in both unpolished and polished grain. Bioavailability of Fe from the high NA grain, as measured by ferritin synthesis in an in vitro Caco-2 cell model that simulates the human digestive system, was twice as much as that of the control line. When added at 1: 1 molar ratio to ferrous Fe in the cell system, NA was twice as effective when compared to ascorbic acid (one of the most potent known enhancers of Fe bioavailability) in promoting more ferritin synthesis. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that NA is a novel and effective promoter of iron utilization. Biofortifying polished rice with this compound has great potential in combating global human iron deficiency in people dependent on rice for their sustenance. C1 [Zheng, Luqing; Jiang, Xinhang; Bei, Xiaoshu; Zheng, Ye; Shou, Huixia] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Zhiqiang; Ai, Chunxiang; Bei, Xiaoshu; Miller, Dennis D.; Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Cheng, Zhiqiang; Ai, Chunxiang; Bei, Xiaoshu; Miller, Dennis D.; Lei, Xin Gen] Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Glahn, Raymond P.; Welch, Ross M.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Zheng, LQ (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Plant Physiol & Biochem, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM xl20@cornell.edu; huixia@zju.edu.cn RI Shou, Huixia/I-3052-2015 FU HarvestPlus-China [8019]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30770191, 30871585]; Ministry of Agriculture [2009ZX08010-013B, 2009ZX08009-123B] FX This work was supported by HarvestPlus-China (Project No. 8019), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30770191 and 30871585), and the Ministry of Agriculture (2009ZX08010-013B and 2009ZX08009-123B). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 16 PY 2010 VL 5 IS 4 AR e10190 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0010190 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 584HZ UT WOS:000276743500003 PM 20419136 ER PT J AU Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Hoffmann, WA Meinzer, FC Goldstein, G AF Scholz, Fabian G. Bucci, Sandra J. Hoffmann, William A. Meinzer, Frederick C. Goldstein, Guillermo TI Hydraulic lift in a Neotropical savanna: Experimental manipulation and model simulations SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerrado; Leaf area index; Non saturated flow; Soil water model; Soil water potential recovery ID TREE DENSITY GRADIENT; SOIL-WATER; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; CENTRAL BRAZIL; REDISTRIBUTION; STAND; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS AB The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of hydraulic lift in Brazilian savannas (Cerrado) and to test the hypothesis that hydraulic lift by herbaceous plants contributes substantially to slowing the decline of water potential and water storage in the upper soil layers during the dry season. To this effect, field observations of soil water content and water potentials, an experimental manipulation, and model simulations, were used. Savannas of central Brazil exhibit consistent changes in tree density along shallow topographic gradients, from open savannas with relatively few trees in the lower portions of the topographic gradients to woodlands with a relatively high density of trees in the upper portions of the gradient. Herbaceous plant abundance follows the opposite trend. The diel recovery of soil water storage was higher in sites with more abundant herbaceous vegetation. Experimental removal of the above ground portion of herbaceous plants in a site with low tree density, during the dry season, substantially enhanced diel recovery of water potentials in the upper soil layers, consistent with the release of hydraulically lifted water from their shallow roots. In a site with high tree density, the release of hydraulically lifted water by woody plants contributed only 2% to the partial daily recovery of soil water storage, whereas the herbaceous layer contributed the remaining 98%. Non saturated water flow in the same savanna type contributed 8% to the partial daily recovery of soil water potential at the beginning of the dry season, decreasing to near 0% after 20 days of drought. During a 70-day rainless period the soil water potential dropped to -2.0 MPa near the soil surface. The simulation model predicted that without hydraulic lift, water potential in the upper soil layers in relatively dense savannas would have dropped to -3.8 MPa. The maximum contribution of hydraulic lift to the upper 100 cm of soil was 0.7 mm day(-1) near the middle of the dry season. During the peak of the dry season, hydraulic lift can replace 23% of the ecosystem evapotranspiration in a site with high tree density and consequently greatly influences the water economy and other ecosystem processes in the Cerrado. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.; Goldstein, Guillermo] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina. [Scholz, Fabian G.; Bucci, Sandra J.] Univ Nacl Patagonia, Fac Ciencias Nat, Dept Biol, San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivada, Argentina. [Hoffmann, William A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 28695 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] USDA, US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Buenos Aires, Lab Ecol Func, Dept Ecol Genet & Evoluc, FCEyN, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Goldstein, Guillermo] Univ Miami, Dept Biol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Scholz, FG (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-9000 Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina. EM fgscholz@unpata.edu.ar RI Hoffmann, William/E-8894-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; OI Hoffmann, William/0000-0002-1926-823X; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 FU National Science Foundation (USA) [0296174] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (USA) grant #0296174. We thank the IBGE Ecological reserve for logistic support. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 150 IS 4 BP 629 EP 639 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.02.001 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 585ZL UT WOS:000276869800013 ER PT J AU Brix, KV Gerdes, R Curry, N Kasper, A Grosell, M AF Brix, Kevin V. Gerdes, Robert Curry, Nathan Kasper, Amanda Grosell, Martin TI The effects of total dissolved solids on egg fertilization and water hardening in two salmonids-Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Total dissolved solids; Salmonid; Fertilization success; Water hardening ID TOXICITY; MODELS; TROUT; ION AB Previous studies have indicated that salmonid fertilization success may be very sensitive to elevated concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) with effects at concentrations as low as 250 mg l(-1) being reported. However, interpretation of these studies is complicated by poor control performance and variable concentration response relationships. To address this, a series of experiments were performed to evaluate TDS effects on Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) fertilization success and identify possible mechanisms for previously observed test variability and any observed effects of TDS. Results indicate that some of the experiments reported here were likely confounded by extended milt holding times prior to experiment initiation. Milt holding times >6 h were shown to significantly reduce control fertilization and corresponding concentration response relationships were variable. When milt holding time was minimized during fertilization experiments, consistent control performance with >90% control fertilization was achieved and consistent concentration response relationships were observed for both species examined. Experiments performed under these conditions indicate that Arctic Grayling and Dolly Varden fertilization success is not sensitive to elevated TDS with EC20s (concentration causing 20% effect) of >2782 and >1817 mg l(-1) (the highest concentrations tested), respectively. However. TDS was shown to significantly affect embryo water absorption during the water hardening phase immediately following fertilization. The lowest observable effect concentrations (LOECs) for this end-point were 1402 and 964 mg l(-1) for Arctic Grayling and Dolly Varden, respectively. The effect of reduced embryo turgidity, due to impaired water absorption, on resistance to mechanical damage under real world conditions needs further investigation in order to understand the implications of this observed effect. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brix, Kevin V.; Gerdes, Robert; Kasper, Amanda; Grosell, Martin] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Brix, Kevin V.] EcoTox, Key Biscayne, FL USA. [Curry, Nathan] USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Brix, KV (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kbrix@rsmas.miami.edu FU Teck Cominco Alaska FX This study could not have been completed without the generous support of Al Townsend (ADNR) and Fred DeCicco (ADF&G) in assisting with the collection of adult Arctic Grayling and Dolly Varden. Lillian Herger (USEPA) assisted in the conduct of the Dolly Varden fertilization experiments. The authors also acknowledge Mark Thompson (Teck Cominco) for arranging logistical support. This study was funded by a research grant from Teck Cominco Alaska. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.011 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 583HS UT WOS:000276665300004 PM 20056285 ER PT J AU Chuck, G Whipple, C Jackson, D Hake, S AF Chuck, George Whipple, Clinton Jackson, David Hake, Sarah TI The maize SBP-box transcription factor encoded by tasselsheath4 regulates bract development and the establishment of meristem boundaries SO DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE Maize; Meristem; MicroRNA ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SHOOT DEVELOPMENT; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; APICAL MERISTEM; HOMEOBOX GENES; LATERAL ORGANS; EXPRESSION; INITIATION; PATTERNS; IDENTITY AB Plant architecture consists of repeating units called phytomers, each containing an internode, leaf and axillary meristem. The formation of boundaries within the phytomer is necessary to differentiate and separate these three components, otherwise some will grow at the expense of others. The microRNA-targeted SBP-box transcription factor tasselsheath4 (tsh4) plays an essential role in establishing these boundaries within the inflorescence. tsh4 mutants display altered phyllotaxy, fewer lateral meristems and ectopic leaves that grow at the expense of the meristem. Double-mutant analyses of tsh4 and several highly branched mutants, such as ramosa1-3 and branched silkless1, demonstrated a requirement for tsh4 in branch meristem initiation and maintenance. TSH4 protein, however, was localized throughout the inflorescence stem and at the base of lateral meristems, but not within the meristem itself. Double labeling of TSH4 with the ramosa2, branched silkless1 and knotted1 meristem markers confirmed that TSH4 forms a boundary adjacent to all lateral meristems. Indeed, double labeling of miR156 showed a meristem-specific pattern complementary to that of TSH4, consistent with tsh4 being negatively regulated by this microRNA. Thus, downregulation of TSH4 by a combination of microRNAs and branching pathway genes allows the establishment of lateral meristems and the repression of leaf initiation, thereby playing a major role in defining meristem versus leaf boundaries. C1 [Chuck, George; Hake, Sarah] USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Chuck, George; Hake, Sarah] Univ Calif, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Whipple, Clinton; Jackson, David] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Chuck, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM georgechuck@berkeley.edu RI Whipple, Clinton/C-3972-2016 OI Whipple, Clinton/0000-0001-7879-235X FU DOE [DE-A102-08ER15962]; BARD [IS-4249-09] FX We thank China Lunde and Nathalie Buldoc for reviewing the manuscript; Bob Meeley for the gift of the tsh4-mum1 allele; De Woods for use of the scanning electron microscope; and David Hantz for greenhouse support. This work was supported by DOE grant DE-A102-08ER15962 and BARD grant IS-4249-09. NR 37 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 20 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0950-1991 J9 DEVELOPMENT JI Development PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 137 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1250 DI 10.1242/dev.048348 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 573FQ UT WOS:000275894200004 PM 20223762 ER PT J AU Rose, DJ Inglett, GE AF Rose, Devin J. Inglett, George E. TI Production of feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from maize (Zea mays) bran by microwave-assisted autohydrolysis SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Corn; Prebiotic; Antioxidant; Processing; Dietary fibre ID DIETARY FIBER; XYLO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; FERULIC ACID; CORN; XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROXYLANS; FERMENTATION; MANUFACTURE; RESIDUES AB Maize bran was treated with microwave irradiation (160-200 degrees C for 2-20 min) to release feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS). Lower temperatures and shorter treatment times were consistent with low AXOS yields, while higher temperatures and longer reaction times also resulted in low yields, which were contaminated with increasing levels of monosaccharides, free ferulic acid, and furfural. Maximum release of AXOS, accompanied by low production of monosaccharides, free ferulic acid, and furfural, occurred with treatment at 180 degrees C for 10 min or 200 degrees C for 2 min. Under these conditions, about 50% of the initial arabinoxylan content could be released as AXOS, containing a wide variety of molecular weights. AXOS were highly feruloylated, containing 6.62 and 8.00 g of esterified ferulate/100 g of AXOS. These feruloylated AXOS may provide health benefits, including prebiotic effects and prevention of detrimental oxidation reactions. The evaluation of these benefits will be the subject of future research. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rose, Devin J.; Inglett, George E.] ARS, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM George.Inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1613 EP 1618 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.053 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 535RY UT WOS:000272989600045 ER PT J AU Binkley, D Laclau, JP Stape, JL Ryan, MG AF Binkley, Dan Laclau, Jean-Paul Stape, Jose Luiz Ryan, Michael G. TI Applying ecological insights to increase productivity in tropical plantations SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Laclau, Jean-Paul] CIRAD, UPR80, Montpellier, France. [Laclau, Jean-Paul] USP, ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil. [Stape, Jose Luiz] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Affiliate Fac, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Binkley, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Dan.Binkley@Colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Laclau, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-2506-214X NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 9 SI SI BP 1681 EP 1683 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.023 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 586DZ UT WOS:000276883400001 ER PT J AU Stape, JL Binkley, D Ryan, MG Fonseca, S Loos, RA Takahashi, EN Silva, CR Silva, SR Hakamada, RE Ferreira, JMD Lima, AMN Gava, JL Leite, FP Andrade, HB Alves, JM Silva, GGC Azevedo, MR AF Stape, Jose Luiz Binkley, Dan Ryan, Michael G. Fonseca, Sebastiao Loos, Rodolfo A. Takahashi, Ernesto N. Silva, Claudio R. Silva, Sergio R. Hakamada, Rodrigo E. Ferreira, Jose Mario de A. Lima, Augusto M. N. Gava, Jose Luiz Leite, Fernando P. Andrade, Helder B. Alves, Jacyr M. Silva, Gualter G. C. Azevedo, Moises R. TI The Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity Project: Influence of water, nutrients and stand uniformity on wood production SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eucalyptus production; Forest irrigation; Age-related decline; Geographic gradient; Tropical plantation silviculture ID 3-PG MODEL; PLANTATIONS; CARBON; GRANDIS; GROWTH; TREE; AGE; HYPOTHESIS; EFFICIENCY; UROPHYLLA AB We examined the potential growth of clonal Eucalyptus plantations at eight locations across a 1000+ km gradient in Brazil by manipulating the supplies of nutrients and water, and altering the uniformity of tree sizes within plots. With no fertilization or irrigation, mean annual increments of stem wood were about 28% lower (16.2 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), about 33 m(3) ha(-1) yr-1) than yields achieved with current operational rates of fertilization (22.6 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), about 46 m(3) ha(-1) yr-1). Fertilization beyond current operational rates did not increase growth, whereas irrigation raised growth by about 30% (to 30.6 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1), about 62 m(3) ha(-1) yr-1). The potential biological productivity (current annual increment) of the plantations was about one-third greater than these values, if based only on the period after achieving full canopies. The biological potential productivity was even greater if based only on the full-canopy period during the wet season, indicating that the maximum biological productivity across the sites (with irrigation, during the wet season) would be about 42 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) (83 m(3) ha(-1) yr-1). Stands with uniform structure (trees in plots planted in a single day) showed 13% greater growth than stands with higher heterogeneity of tree sizes (owing to a staggered planting time of up to 80 days). Higher water supply increased growth and also delayed by about 1 year the point where current annual increment and mean annual increment intersected, indicating opportunities for lengthening rotations for more productive treatments as well as the influence of year-to-year climate variations on optimal rotations periods. The growth response to treatments after canopy closure (mid-rotation) related well with full-rotation responses, offering an early opportunity for estimating whole-rotation yields. These results underscore the importance of resource supply, the efficiency of resource use, and stand uniformity in setting the bounds for productivity, and provide a baseline for evaluating the productivity achieved in operational plantations. The BEPP Project showed that water supply is the key resource determining levels of plantation productivity in Brazil. Future collaboration between scientists working on silviculture and genetics should lead to new insights on the mechanisms connecting water and growth, leading to improved matching of sites, clones, and silviculture. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stape, Jose Luiz] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Affiliate Fac, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fonseca, Sebastiao; Loos, Rodolfo A.; Takahashi, Ernesto N.; Silva, Claudio R.] Fibria Celulose, Aracruz, ES, Brazil. [Silva, Sergio R.; Hakamada, Rodrigo E.] Veracel Celulose, Eunapolis, BA, Brazil. [Ferreira, Jose Mario de A.; Lima, Augusto M. N.] Int Paper Brasil, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gava, Jose Luiz] Suzano Papel & Celulose, Teixeira De Freitas, BA, Brazil. [Leite, Fernando P.] CENIBRA, Ipatinga, MG, Brazil. [Andrade, Helder B.] Vallourec Mannesmann, Bocaiuva, MG, Brazil. [Alves, Jacyr M.] Copener Florestal, Alagoinhas, BA, Brazil. [Silva, Gualter G. C.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoro, RN, Brazil. [Azevedo, Moises R.] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. RP Stape, JL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM jlstape@ncsu.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Silva, Sergio/N-7206-2014 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Silva, Sergio/0000-0001-6951-8324 FU CNPq [306561/2007]; ESALQ/University of Sao Paulo; USDA Forest Service FX The BEPP Project depended on the contributions of more than 100 people from 8 companies, and we thank them all for their contributions to the Project. The project was funded by Fibria, Veracel Celulose, International Paper, Suzano Papel e Celulose, CENIBRA, Vallourec-Mannesmann, and Copener Florestal. Otavio Campoe, Cristiane de Lemos and Renato Meulman da Silva provided fundamental assistance in many aspects of the project. Cristian Montes provided insights about water use efficiency. J.L. Stape was sponsored by CNPq 306561/2007 and the ESALQ/University of Sao Paulo. M.G. Ryan's contribution to the Project was also supported in part by the USDA Forest Service. NR 30 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 64 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 9 SI SI BP 1684 EP 1694 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.012 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 586DZ UT WOS:000276883400002 ER PT J AU Ryan, MG Stape, JL Binkley, D Fonseca, S Loos, RA Takahashi, EN Silva, CR Silva, SR Hakamada, RE Ferreira, JM Lima, AMN Gava, JL Leite, FP Andrade, HB Alves, JM Silva, GGC AF Ryan, Michael G. Stape, Jose Luiz Binkley, Dan Fonseca, Sebastiao Loos, Rodolfo A. Takahashi, Ernesto N. Silva, Claudio R. Silva, Sergio R. Hakamada, Rodrigo E. Ferreira, Jose Mario Lima, Augusto M. N. Gava, Jose Luiz Leite, Fernando P. Andrade, Helder B. Alves, Jacyr M. Silva, Gualter G. C. TI Factors controlling Eucalyptus productivity: How water availability and stand structure alter production and carbon allocation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eucalyptus production; Carbon budget; Carbon allocation; Light-use efficiency; Aboveground productivity; Carbon sequestration; Belowground; Allocation; Soil respiration; Irrigation; Carbon partitioning ID SOIL CO2 EFFLUX; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; USE EFFICIENCY; PINUS-RADIATA; RESPIRATION; PLANTATION; CLIMATE; BALANCE; MODEL; CHALLENGES AB Wood production varies substantially with resource availability, and the variation in wood production can result from several mechanisms: increased photosynthesis, and changes in partitioning of photosynthesis to wood production, belowground flux, foliage production or respiration. An understanding of the mechanistic basis for patterns in wood production within a stand and across landscapes requires a complete annual carbon budget. We measured annual carbon flows to wood production, foliage production and total belowground carbon flux (the sum of root production, root respiration, and mycorrhizal production and respiration) from ages three to five years in clonal Eucalyptus plantations at four sites in Brazil to test if fertility, water availability and stand structure changed wood production and by what mechanism. We also quantified the patterns in light interception and the efficiency of light use to provide additional mechanistic insights into growth responses and to determine if light-use efficiency was related to changes in flux and partitioning. The routine level of forest fertilization at these four sites was high enough that further increases in nutrient supply did not increase wood growth. Irrigation increased wood net primary productivity (age three to five) from 1.45 to 1.84 kg m(-2) year of C (27%), because of increases in light interception (5%), photosynthetic efficiency (from 0.028 to 0.031 mol C/mol photons absorbed, 11%), gross primary productivity (from 3.62 to 4.28 m(-2) year(-1) of C, 18%), and partitioning to wood (from 0.397 to 0.430 of photosynthesis, 8%). These changes increased light-use efficiency by 20%. Annual flux belowground varied among sites from 0.43 to 1.0 m(-2) year(-1) of C but did not vary with water availability. Across the four sites for the irrigated and unirrigated treatments, light-use efficiency was positively correlated with gross primary productivity and partitioning to wood production. Increasing heterogeneity of stand structure (resulting from staggered timing of planting within plots) led to a 14% loss in wood biomass relative to uniform stand structure at age six. Light-use efficiency, gross primary productivity, and wood net primary productivity were lower, but not significantly so, in heterogeneous compared to uniform stands. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stape, Jose Luiz] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fonseca, Sebastiao; Loos, Rodolfo A.; Takahashi, Ernesto N.; Silva, Claudio R.] Fibria Celulose, Aracruz, ES, Brazil. [Silva, Sergio R.; Hakamada, Rodrigo E.] Veracel Celulose, Eunapolis, BA, Brazil. [Ferreira, Jose Mario; Lima, Augusto M. N.] Int Paper, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gava, Jose Luiz] Suzano Papel & Celulose, Teixeira De Freitas, BA, Brazil. [Leite, Fernando P.] CENIBRA, Ipatinga, MG, Brazil. [Andrade, Helder B.] Vallourec Mannesmann, Bocaiuva, MG, Brazil. [Alves, Jacyr M.] Copener Florestal, Alagoinhas, BA, Brazil. [Silva, Gualter G. C.] Univ Fed Rural Semi Arido, Mossoro, RN, Brazil. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect RD, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM mgryan@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Silva, Sergio/N-7206-2014 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Silva, Sergio/0000-0001-6951-8324 FU Fibria; Veracel Celulose; International Paper; Suzano Papel e Celulose; CENIBRA; Vallourec-Mannesmann; Copener Florestal; CNPq [306561/2007]; ESALQ/University of Sao Paulo; USDA Forest Service FX The BEPP Project depended on the contributions of more than 100 people from eight companies (seven now), and we thank them all for their contributions to the Project. The Project was funded by Fibria, Veracel Celulose, International Paper, Suzano Papel e Celulose, CENIBRA, Vallourec-Mannesmann, and Copener Florestal. We thank the Institut de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF) for research coordination and the Department of Forest Sciences, University of Sao Paulo for hosting the research. We also thank graduate students Moises Rabelo de Azevedo, Ana Marrichi, Robson Minatel and Marina Gentil for special efforts. J.L. Stape was sponsored by CNPq 306561/2007 and the ESALQ/University of Sao Paulo. M.G. Ryan's contribution to the Project was also supported in part by the USDA Forest Service. NR 38 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 8 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 9 SI SI BP 1695 EP 1703 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.013 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 586DZ UT WOS:000276883400003 ER PT J AU Binkley, D Stape, JL Bauerle, WL Ryan, MG AF Binkley, Dan Stape, Jose Luiz Bauerle, William L. Ryan, Michael G. TI Explaining growth of individual trees: Light interception and efficiency of light use by Eucalyptus at four sites in Brazil SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Eucalyptus clone; MAESTRA; Tropical plantation silviculture; Age-related decline; Competition ID AGE-RELATED DECLINE; STAND; HYPOTHESIS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; DOMINANCE; CANOPIES; GRANDIS; ARRAY; MODEL AB The growth of wood in trees and forests depends on the acquisition of resources (light, water, and nutrients), the efficiency of using resources for photosynthesis, and subsequent partitioning to woody tissues. Patterns of efficiency over time for individual trees, or between trees at one time, result from changes in rates photosynthesis and shifts in the relative partitioning to wood. We measured the production ecology (stem growth, light interception, and light use efficiency) to explain patterns of growth among trees within plots through stand development, and tested three hypotheses: (1) dominant trees have higher light use efficiency than subordinate trees; (2) lower variation in the size distribution of trees within plots allows higher light use efficiency; and (3) uniform stand structure and high light use efficiency reduce the age-related decline in tree growth. The experiment used clonal plantations of Eucalyptus at four locations in eastern Brazil. Irrigation and fertilization treatments ensured the major resource limitation for tree growth would be light supply. The influence of variation in the sizes of trees within plots was tested by comparing plots with all trees planted in a single day (uniform treatment) with plots where planting was spread over 80 days (heterogeneous treatment). Light interception per tree was simulated with the MAESTRA model. Across sites, treatments and whole-rotation stand development, dominant trees showed higher rates of stem growth, light interception, and light use efficiency than subordinate trees (supporting the first hypothesis). For example, dominant trees (80th percentile rank) at the end of the rotation grew four-times faster than suppressed trees (20th percentile rank), as a result of 2.1-fold greater light interception, and 1.8-fold greater stem growth per unit of light interception. In some cases, greater variation among tree sizes within plots led to lower efficiency of light use by average-size trees, providing mixed evidence for the second hypothesis. Greater uniformity of sizes of trees within plots did not substantially mitigate the decline in stem growth from mid-rotation to the end of the rotation, refuting the third hypothesis. The high efficiency of dominant trees underscores the marginal contribution of subordinate trees to total stand growth, and should spur further work on thinning to increase growth and lengthen rotations for dominant trees. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Binkley, Dan] Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Stape, Jose Luiz] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Bauerle, William L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Affiliate Fac, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Binkley, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Warner Coll Nat Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Dan.Binkley@Colostate.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 FU Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity (BEPP); Institute for Forest Research (IPEF); ESALQ campus of the University of Sao Paulo; CNPq [306561/2007] FX We thank the hundreds of colleagues involved in the Brazil Eucalyptus Potential Productivity (BEPP) Project, and the staff in the Institute for Forest Research (IPEF) at the ESALQ campus of the University of Sao Paulo. J.L.Stape was sponsored by CNPq 306561/2007. In particular, we thank Sebastiao Fonseca and Rodolfo Loos (Aracruz), Jose Mario Ferreira (IPBr), Sergio Silva NR 30 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 9 SI SI BP 1704 EP 1713 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.037 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 586DZ UT WOS:000276883400004 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RM Stape, J Ryan, MG Almeida, AC Rojas, J AF Hubbard, Robert M. Stape, Jose Ryan, Michael G. Almeida, Auro C. Rojas, Juan TI Effects of irrigation on water use and water use efficiency in two fast growing Eucalyptus plantations SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Transpiration; Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla; Sap flow; Canopy conductance ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; SAP FLOW; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SAPWOOD AREA; SOUTH-AFRICA; PINUS-TAEDA; LEAF-AREA; GRANDIS; TRANSPIRATION AB Eucalyptus plantations occupy almost 20 million ha worldwide and exceed 3.7 million ha in Brazil alone. Improved genetics and silviculture have led to as much as a three-fold increase in productivity in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil and the large land area occupied by these highly productive ecosystems raises concern over their effect on local water supplies. As part of the Brazil Potential Productivity Project, we measured water use of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla clones in rainfed and irrigated stands in two plantations differing in productivity. The Aracruz (lower productivity) site is located in the state of Espirito Santo and the Veracel (higher productivity) site in Bahia state. At each plantation, we measured stand water use using homemade sap flow sensors and a calibration curve using the clones and probes we utilized in the study. We also quantified changes in growth, leaf area and water use efficiency (the amount of wood produced per unit of water transpired). Measurements were conducted for 1 year during 2005 at Aracruz and from August through December 2005 at Veracel. Transpiration at both sites was high compared to other studies but annual estimates at Aracruz for the rainfed treatment compared well with a process model calibrated for the Aracruz site (within 10%). Annual water use at Aracruz was 1394 mm in rainfed treatments versus 1779 mm in irrigated treatments and accounted for approximately 67% and 58% of annual precipitation and irrigation inputs respectively. Increased water use in the irrigated stands at Aracruz was associated with higher sapwood area, leaf area index and transpiration per unit leaf area but there was no difference in the response of canopy conductance with air saturation deficit between treatments. Water use efficiency at the Aracruz site was also not influenced by irrigation and was similar to the rainfed treatment. During the period of overlapping measurements, the response to irrigation treatments at the more productive Veracel site was similar to Aracruz. Stand water use at the Veracel site totaled 975 mm and 1102 mm in rainfed and irrigated treatments during the 5-month measurement period respectively. Irrigated stands at Veracel also had higher leaf area with no difference in the response of canopy conductance with air saturation deficit between treatments. Water use efficiency was also unaffected by irrigation at Veracel. Results from this and other studies suggest that improved resource availability does not negatively impact water use efficiency but increased productivity of these plantations is associated with higher water use and should be given consideration during plantation management decision making processes aimed at increasing productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hubbard, Robert M.; Ryan, Michael G.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Stape, Jose] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ryan, Michael G.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Affiliate Fac, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Almeida, Auro C.] CSIRO Sustainable Ecosyst, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Rojas, Juan] Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Hubbard, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM rhubbard@fs.fed.us RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Almeida, Auro/A-4966-2011; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; FU IPEF; Brazil Eucalyptus Productivity Project; Aracruz and Veracel forest companies FX This study was funded by IPEF, the Brazil Eucalyptus Productivity Project and the Aracruz and Veracel forest companies. We are especially grateful to the forestry professionals and field technicians for logistical and field assistance and who made this study possible including Carlos E. Scardua, Thiago R. Batista, Almir R. da Silva, Evanio T. Scopel, Jose F. Pissinati, Abelio P. da Silva, Paulo R. Mendes, Oscar M. da Silva, David E. Fernandes, Sergio Silva, Rodrigo Hakamada, and Marina Gentil. We acknowledge Tivi Theiveyanathan, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript and thank Laurie Porth for statistical advice. NR 44 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 259 IS 9 SI SI BP 1714 EP 1721 DI 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.028 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 586DZ UT WOS:000276883400005 ER PT J AU Martinez, FS Martin, MA Caniego, FJ Tuller, M Guber, A Pachepsky, Y Garcia-Gutierrez, C AF San Jose Martinez, F. Martin, M. A. Caniego, F. J. Tuller, M. Guber, A. Pachepsky, Y. Garcia-Gutierrez, C. TI Multifractal analysis of discretized X-ray CT images for the characterization of soil macropore structures SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE X-ray computed tomography of soil; Image analysis; Soil pore space; Soil spatial variability; Long-range dependence; Multifractal analysis; Hurst exponent ID REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTARY AREA; GENERALIZED DIMENSIONS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STRANGE ATTRACTORS; MULTISCALE SOURCES; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; PORE; FEATURES; MODELS AB A correct statistical model of soil pore structure can be critical for understanding flow and transport processes in soils, and creating synthetic soil pore spaces for hypothetical and model testing, and evaluating similarity of pore spaces of different soils. Advanced visualization techniques such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) offer new opportunities of exploring heterogeneity of soil properties at horizon or aggregate scales. Simple fractal models such as fractional Brownian motion that have been proposed to capture the complex behavior of soil spatial variation at field scale rarely simulate irregularity patterns displayed by spatial series of soil properties. The objective of this work was to use CT data to test the hypothesis that soil pore structure at the horizon scale may be represented by multifractal models. X-ray CT scans of twelve, water-saturated, 20-cm long soil columns with diameters of 7.5 cm were analyzed. A reconstruction algorithm was applied to convert the X-ray CT data into a stack of 1480 grayscale digital images with a voxel resolution of 110 microns and a cross-sectional size of 690 x 690 pixels. The images were binarized and the spatial series of the percentage of void space vs. depth was analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the multifractal model. The series of depth-dependent macroporosity values exhibited a well-defined multifractal structure that was revealed by singularity and Renyi spectra. The long-range dependencies in these series were parameterized by the Hurst exponent. Values of the Hurst exponent close to one were observed indicating the strong persistence in variations of porosity with depth. The multifractal modeling of soil macropore structure can be an efficient method for parameterizing and simulating the vertical spatial heterogeneity of soil pore space. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [San Jose Martinez, F.; Martin, M. A.; Caniego, F. J.; Garcia-Gutierrez, C.] Tech Univ Madrid UPM, ETSI Agron, Dept Appl Math Agron Engn, Madrid 28040, Spain. [Tuller, M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guber, A.; Pachepsky, Y.] ARS, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, BA,ANRI,EMSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martinez, FS (reprint author), Tech Univ Madrid UPM, ETSI Agron, Dept Appl Math Agron Engn, Avd Complutense S-N, Madrid 28040, Spain. EM fernando.sanjose@upm.es RI Tuller, Markus/H-1822-2012; Martin, Miguel Angel/I-1199-2015; San Jose Martinez, Fernando/H-9119-2015; OI Tuller, Markus/0000-0003-3659-2768; Martin, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-9724-5869; San Jose Martinez, Fernando/0000-0002-6352-2530; Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 FU Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Investigacion Tecnologica (I+D+I), Spain [AG12007/62648]; DGUI (Comunidad de Madrid); UPM [M0700204135]; Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain) FX F.J. Caniego, C. Garcia-Gutierrez, MA Martin and F. San Jose Martinez express their gratitude for the partial support by Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Investigacion Tecnologica (I+D+I) under ref. AG12007/62648, Spain and DGUI (Comunidad de Madrid) and UPM (project ref.: M0700204135). In addition, F. San Jose Martinez was partially supported by a grant of Secretaria de Estado de Universidades e Investigacion (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain). Special thanks go to Balasingam Muhunthan (WSU) for providing access to the Flashan (TM) scanner and to Thomas Gebrenegus for assistance with scanning and image reconstruction. NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 156 IS 1-2 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.01.004 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 581SA UT WOS:000276543400004 ER PT J AU Reid, LM Dewey, NJ Lisle, TE Hilton, S AF Reid, Leslie M. Dewey, Nicholas J. Lisle, Thomas E. Hilton, Susan TI The incidence and role of gullies after logging in a coastal redwood forest SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gully; Forestry; Cumulative impact; Sediment budget; Channel erosion ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CASPAR CREEK; NEW-ZEALAND; EAST-COAST; CATCHMENT; EROSION; VEGETATION; INITIATION; IMPACTS; STREAM AB The distribution and morphological characteristics of channels were mapped in a redwood forest at Caspar Creek, California, USA, to evaluate the extent to which recent logging has influenced channel conditions in the area. In the North Fork Caspar Creek watershed, second-cycle logging of the early 1990s appears to have triggered increased coalescence of discontinuous gullies within clearcut tributary watersheds, and upstream channel limits in logged watersheds are now located significantly farther upslope than in control watersheds. The magnitudes of observed increases in peakflow after logging are consistent with the change in drainage density. Relations between channel morphological variables and indices of stream power are less well-defined in logged watersheds than in controls, suggesting that logging may have led to disruption of previously established channel forms. Correlations between suspended sediment yields and indices of gully erosion suggest that in-channel erosion associated with hydrologic change is an important source of post-logging sediment at Caspar Creek. Common sediment-control measures, such as use of riparian buffer strips and reduction of road surface erosion, would not be effective for reducing sediment input from this source. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Reid, Leslie M.; Dewey, Nicholas J.; Lisle, Thomas E.; Hilton, Susan] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Reid, LM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM lreid@fs.fed.us; ndewey@jeffco.k12.co.us; tlisle@fs.fed.us; shilton@fs.fed.us FU U.S. Forest Service; California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection FX Alejandro Ramirez, Megan Arnold, Sam Price, Forrest Phifer, and Basilia Lopez aided with fieldwork. Elizabeth Keppeler manages the research watersheds, and Diane Sutherland provided GIS support. The paper benefitted from comments from four anonymous reviewers. This study is part of the cooperative Caspar Creek research program conducted since 1962 by the U.S. Forest Service (Pacific Southwest Research Station) and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Jackson Demonstration State Forest). NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 117 IS 1-2 BP 155 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.025 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 581RY UT WOS:000276543200012 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Ausman, LM Greenberg, AS Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Wang, Yan Ausman, Lynne M. Greenberg, Andrew S. Russell, Robert M. Wang, Xiang-Dong TI Dietary lycopene and tomato extract supplementations inhibit nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in rats SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE lycopene; tomato extract; hepatocarcinogenesis; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; WISTAR RATS; HEPG2 CELLS; ALL-TRANS; CANCER; APOPTOSIS; NRF2; CARCINOGENESIS; INFLAMMATION AB Epidemiological and experimental studies provide supportive evidence that lycopene (LY), a major carotenoid from tomatoes and tomato products, may act as a chemopreventive agent against certain types of cancers. We recently showed that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) promoted diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in a rat model. Using this model, we investigated the efficacy of an equivalent dosage of dietary LY from either a pure compound or a tomato extract (TE) against NASH-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. Six groups of rats were injected with DEN and then fed either Lieber-DeCarli control diet or HFD with or without LY or TE for 6 weeks. Results showed that both LY and TE supplementations significantly decreased the number of altered hepatic foci expressing the placental form of glutathione S-transferase in the livers of HFD-fed rats. This was associated with significantly tower proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive hepatocytes and cyclinD1 protein, as well as decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear NF-kappa B. Although both LY and TE supplementations reduced HFD-induced lipid peroxidation in the livers, we observed significantly decreased cytochrome P450 2E1, inflammatory foci and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-12) in the HFD+TE fed group but increased nuclear NF-E2-related factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1 proteins in the HFD+LY fed group, relative to HFD feeding alone. These data indicate that LY and TE can inhibit NASH-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis mainly as a result of reduced oxidative stress, which could be fulfilled through different mechanisms. C1 [Wang, Yan; Ausman, Lynne M.; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Wang, Yan; Ausman, Lynne M.; Greenberg, Andrew S.; Russell, Robert M.; Wang, Xiang-Dong] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Greenberg, Andrew S.] Tufts Univ, Obes & Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr & Canc Biol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM xiang-dong.wang@tufts.edu FU NIH [R01CA104932]; Tufts Cancer Center pilot project [004-08PP]; US Department of Agriculture [1950-51000-064S] FX NIH; Grant number: R01CA104932; Grant sponsor: Tufts Cancer Center pilot project award; Grant number: 004-08PP; Grant sponsor: US Department of Agriculture; Grant number: 1950-51000-064S NR 45 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 126 IS 8 BP 1788 EP 1796 DI 10.1002/ijc.24689 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 574EW UT WOS:000275972500002 PM 19551842 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Ehrlich, KC AF Chang, Perng-Kuang Ehrlich, Kenneth C. TI What does genetic diversity of Aspergillus flavus tell us about Aspergillus oryzae? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus oryzae; Genomics; Gene cluster; Genetic diversity; Evolution ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; BIOSYNTHESIS CLUSTER GENE; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; SECTION FLAVI; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; TELOMERIC DNA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SCLEROTIA PRODUCTION; PARASEXUAL CYCLE AB Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus oryzae belong to Aspergillus section Flavi. They are closely related and are of significant economic importance. The former species has the ability to produce harmful aflatoxins while the latter is widely used in food fermentation and industrial enzyme production. This review summarizes the current understanding of the similarity of the A. flavus and A. oryzae genomes, the genetic diversity in A. flavus and A. oryzae populations, the causes of this diversity, and the relatedness of nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus strains to A. oryzae. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chang, Perng-Kuang; Ehrlich, Kenneth C.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM perngkuang.chang@ars.usda.gov NR 102 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 138 IS 3 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.033 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 585IV UT WOS:000276819700001 PM 20163884 ER PT J AU Zhang, YG Nearing, MA Zhang, XC Xie, Y Wei, H AF Zhang, Y. -G. Nearing, M. A. Zhang, X. -C. Xie, Y. Wei, H. TI Projected rainfall erosivity changes under climate change from multimodel and multiscenario projections in Northeast China SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Rainfall erosivity; GCM; CLIGEN; Soil erosion; Universal Soil Loss Equation ID BLACK SOIL REGION; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; MODEL SIMULATIONS; CROP PRODUCTION; EROSION; TRENDS; UNCERTAINTY; TEMPERATURE; ENSEMBLE; GULLIES AB Future changes in precipitation will induce changes in the erosive power of rainfall and hence changes in soil erosion rates. In this study we calculated downscaled mean annual precipitation and USLE rainfall erosivity (R) for time periods 2030 through 2059 and 2070 through 2099 in Northeast China using future precipitation predicted from six GCM models under three emissions scenarios. To accomplish this we created a new approach wherein we combined the well evaluated methods developed by Zhang (2005, 2007) for downscaling monthly precipitation products at time scales meaningful for modeling erosion processes, and the validated method developed by Yu (2002, 2003) for using a weather generator (CLIGEN) to generate accurate RUSLE erosivity factors. Changes were compared to 1960 through 1999 conditions. A stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN) calibrated to precipitation for the period 1960 through 1999 was used to temporally downscale the GCM output, from which the future R values were calculated. Our results suggested a general increase in erosivity over the region by the mid-21st century. Changes in rainfall erosivity under the higher greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, A1B and A2, exhibited the greatest projected changes. The results also indicated that changes in total annual rainfall amounts were not uniformly correspondent spatially to changes in erosivity. Multimodel means showed a generally larger increase in the northern portion of the region than that in the southern part. Future rainfall erosivity changes will have important impacts on soil and water resources in Northeastern China. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhang, Y. -G.; Nearing, M. A.; Wei, H.] USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Zhang, Y. -G.; Xie, Y.] Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Geog, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhang, X. -C.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM mark.nearing@ars.usda.gov OI Zhang, Yongguang/0000-0001-8286-300X FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB407204]; USDA Agricultural Research Service FX This research was partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB407204) and the USDA Agricultural Research Service. We acknowledge the international modeling groups for providing their data for analysis, the IPCC Data Distribution Centre for collecting and archiving the model data. The authors are thankful to Dr. Bofu Yu who gave helpful comments and the original FORTRAN code of the program CLG2RF. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 9 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 384 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.01.013 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 580JQ UT WOS:000276444700009 ER PT J AU Mead, JI White, RS Baez, A Hollenshead, MG Swift, SL Carpenter, MC AF Mead, Jim I. White, Richard S. Baez, Arturo Hollenshead, Marci G. Swift, Sandra L. Carpenter, Mary C. TI Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) Cynomys (Rodentia, Sciuridae: prairie dog) from northwestern Sonora, Mexico SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GROUND-SQUIRRELS; SPERMOPHILUS AB The greater evolutionary history of Cynomys (prairie dog, Rodentia, Sciuridae) has been established. Earliest members are recorded from the late Blancan Land Mammal age, Late Pliocene. The fossil history for Cynomys is well reconstructed for the Great Plains of the USA and Canada. However, it is insufficiently studied for the arid Southwest and almost entirely unknown for adjacent northern Mexico. This paper reports on the remains of cynomys recovered from the paleontological site of La Playa, northern Sonora, Mexico. Two species of Cynomys live today in Mexico in disjunct, likely relictual locations, Cynomys ludovicianus and Cynomys mexicanus. The distribution of prairie dogs today does not include the region of La Playa: the closest population lives about 150 km north and east in northeastern-most Sonora and adjacent Arizona. The identification criteria presented here indicate that the black-tailed prairie dog, C ludovicianus, inhabited the valley bottom now exposed as the La Playa fossil deposits. The description of this species from La Playa represents the first report of Rancholabrean prairie dogs from Sonora. Its recovery from the extremely low elevations of northern Sonora indicates that a different climatic regime was in operation during the Late Pleistocene resulting in local vegetation and soil types considerably different from those recorded there today. The late Wisconsinan Glacial climate supported herbivores that cannot inhabit the area today. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 [Mead, Jim I.; Swift, Sandra L.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Geosci, Neogene Vertebrate Paleontol Lab, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Mead, Jim I.; Swift, Sandra L.] E Tennessee State Univ, Don Sundquist Ctr Excellence Paleontol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [White, Richard S.] Int Wildlife Museum, Tucson, AZ 85745 USA. [Baez, Arturo] Univ Arizona, Sch Agr, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. [Hollenshead, Marci G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Carpenter, Mary C.] US Forest Serv, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. RP Mead, JI (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Geosci, Neogene Vertebrate Paleontol Lab, 100 CR Dr,Box 70357, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM mead@etsu.edu NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 217 IS 1-2 BP 138 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.10.011 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 597DN UT WOS:000277736500012 ER PT J AU Pridgeon, JW Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Pridgeon, Julia W. Shoemaker, Craig A. Klesius, Phillip H. TI Identification and expression profile of multiple genes in the anterior kidney of channel catfish induced by modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccination SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Edwardsiella ictaluri; Ictalurus punctatus; Subtractive hybridization; Expression; Modified live vaccination ID SUPPRESSION SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INNATE IMMUNITY; GELATINASE-B; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; ACTIVATION DOMAIN; GROWTH-FACTORS AB Using PCR-select subtractive cDNA hybridization technique, 57 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were isolated from 240 clones of a modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccinated vs. sham-vaccinated channel catfish anterior kidney subtractive library. The transcription levels of the 57 ESTs in response to E. ictaluri vaccination were then evaluated by quantitative PCR (QPCR). Of the 57 ESTs, 43 were induced at least 2-fold higher in all three vaccinated fish compared to unvaccinated control fish. Of the 43 upregulated genes, five were consistently upregulated greater than 10-fold, including two highly upregulated (>20-fold) glycosyltransferase and Toll-like receptor 5. The transcriptional levels of GTPase 1, coatomer protein complex zeta 1, and type II arginine deiminase were consistently induced greater than 10-fold. MHC class I alpha chain and transposase were upregulated greater than 10-fold in two of the three vaccinated fish. The 43 upregulated genes also included 19 moderately upregulated (3-10-fold) and 17 slightly upregulated (2-3-fold). Our results suggest that subtractive cDNA hybridization and QPCR are powerful cost-effective techniques to identify differentially expressed genes in response to modified live E. ictaluri vaccination. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pridgeon, Julia W.; Shoemaker, Craig A.; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Pridgeon, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM Julia.Pridgeon@ars.usda.gov FU USDA/ARS [6420-32000-020-00D] FX We thank Drs. Benjamin LaFrentz (USDA-ARS), Zhanjiang Liu and Huseyin Kucuktas (Auburn University) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Brian Scheffler and Fanny Liu (USDA-ARS-Catfish Genetics Research Unit) for their excellent sequencing work. We thank Stacey A. LaFrentz and Paige Mumma (USDA-ARS) for their excellent technical support. We also thank the management team of the Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit for daily care and management of the fish. This study was supported by the USDA/ARS CRIS project #6420-32000-020-00D. The use of trade, firm, or corporate names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 91 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 184 EP 198 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.09.006 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 581JN UT WOS:000276518700006 PM 19800135 ER PT J AU Yeh, HY Klesius, PH AF Yeh, Hung-Yueh Klesius, Phillip H. TI Sequence analysis, characterization and mRNA distribution of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, 1818) chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) cDNA SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CX chemokine receptor 4; CXCR4; Channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID 7-TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN RECEPTOR; PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; TELEOST FISH; CORECEPTOR CXCR4; GENE; MIGRATION; INTERNALIZATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Chemokine receptor CXCR4, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, binds selectively CXCL12. This protein plays many important roles in immunological as well as pathophysiological functions. In this study, we identified and characterized the channel catfish CXCR4 transcript. The full-length nucleic acid sequence of channel catfish CXCR4 cDNA comprised of 1994 nucleotides, including an open reading frame, which appears to encode a putative peptide of 357 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 40.1 kDa. By comparison with the human counterpart, the channel catfish CXCR4 peptide can be divided into domains, including seven transmembrane domains, four cytoplasmic domains, and four extracellular domains. The CXCR4 transcript was detected in spleen, anterior kidney, liver, intestine, skin and gill of all catfish examined in this study. Because four CXCL of channel catfish have been identified, the result provides valuable information for further exploring the channel catfish chemokine signalling pathways and their roles in immune responses to infection. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeh, Hung-Yueh; Klesius, Phillip H.] USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Yeh, HY (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Unit, 990 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. EM hungyueh.yeh@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [6420-32000-020-00D] FX study was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project no. 6420-32000-020-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD APR 15 PY 2010 VL 134 IS 3-4 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.09.022 PG 7 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 581JN UT WOS:000276518700018 PM 19853928 ER PT J AU Hettiarachchi, M Liyanage, C Hilmers, D Griffin, I Abrams, SA AF Hettiarachchi, Manjula Liyanage, Chandrani Hilmers, David Griffin, Ian Abrams, Steven A. TI Changing the zinc:iron ratio in a cereal-based nutritional supplement has no effect on percent absorption of iron and zinc in Sri Lankan children SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE Iron absorption; Zinc absorption; Ready-to-eat cereals ID COMPLEMENTARY FOODS; CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; INORGANIC ZINC; STABLE-ISOTOPE; INFANTS; BIOAVAILABILITY; FORTIFICATION; INHIBITION; PHOSPHORUS; REPLETION AB The Thriposha programme is a community-level nutrition intervention in Sri Lanka that provides a combination of energy, protein and micronutrients as a 'ready-to-eat' cereal-based food. We measured the bioavailability of Fe and Zn from Thriposha formula at two different molar ratios of Zn:Fe in order to determine the effect on Fe and Zn absorption. Children 4-7 years (n 53) were given a meal prepared with 50 g Thriposha containing 1.5 mg Zn as zinc sulphate and either 9 mg (high Fe concentration (HiFe)) or 4.5 mg (low Fe concentration (LoFe)) Fe as ferrous fumarate. Zn and Fe percent absorption were measured using stable isotopes by tracer:tracee ratio and by incorporation of erythrocytes, respectively. Percent Fe absorption from the two meals was similar (6.6% (4.8) v. 48% (2.6); P=0.15), but total Fe absorption was significantly higher from the HiFe meal (0.59 (0.43) mg) than the LoFe meal (0.20 (0.12) mg; P=0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in Zn absorption (10.7% (0.9) v. 8.8% (1.4), P=0-13, respectively). Decreasing the amount of Fe in Thriposha did not cause a significant change in the percent absorption of Fe and Zn, but significantly lowered the total amount of absorbed Fe. These results demonstrate the utility of maintaining a higher Fe content in this supplement. Further studies to increase Zn content are warranted while maintaining a HiFe. C1 [Hettiarachchi, Manjula; Liyanage, Chandrani] Univ Ruhuna, Nucl Med Unit, Fac Med, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka. [Hilmers, David; Griffin, Ian; Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hilmers, David; Griffin, Ian; Abrams, Steven A.] Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hettiarachchi, M (reprint author), Univ Ruhuna, Nucl Med Unit, Fac Med, POB 70, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka. EM manjula.hettiarachchi@gmail.com OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [SRL - 11958] FX The Thriposha supplement was received from the factory as maize soya blend premix free of charge through the coordinating officer in charge for the Thriposha programme, Nutrition Division of the Medical Research Institute, Colombo. The mineral/vitamin premix was supplied free of charge by Asian Chemicals Ltd, Colombo. The present project was sponsored with funds provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA contract SRL - 11958). There is no conflict of interest among authors. Contributors: M. H. was responsible for the research project and involved in all aspects including designing, sample selection, data collection, sample analysis, results and statistical analysis, and paper writing. C. L. was responsible for the research project and involved in concept designing, supervision of sample selection, paper writing and editing. D. H., I. G. and S. A. A. were responsible for the research project and were involved in designing the sample size, statistical analysis, isotope analysis and editing the paper. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 103 IS 7 BP 1015 EP 1022 DI 10.1017/S0007114509992728 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 589QQ UT WOS:000277168100010 PM 19889243 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Rogers, TR Khanal, RC Wilkes, SE Wu, XL Howard, LR AF Prior, Ronald L. Rogers, Theodore R. Khanal, Ramesh C. Wilkes, Samuel E. Wu, Xianli Howard, Luke R. TI Urinary Excretion of Phenolic Acids in Rats Fed Cranberry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phenolics; phenolic acid conjugates; cranberry; urine; excretion; hippuric acid ID PROTOCATECHUIC ACID; DIETARY ANTHOCYANINS; CARCINOMA CELLS; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; POLYPHENOLS; ABSORPTION; GUT; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; MICROFLORA AB Dietary flavonoids can be converted into phenolic acids by colonic microflora. Phenolic acids can then be absorbed into the circulation and may contribute to the health-promoting effects of the parent compounds. Phenolic acids can be further metabolized in other tissues via methylation and conjugation with glucuronide or sulfate. The objectives of this study were to identify and quantify the urinary excretion of 19 phenolic acids and their conjugates in rats fed three levels of a concentrated cranberry powder (3.3, 6.6, and 33 mg/kg of diet). The basic diet used was AlN93G diet containing very low amounts of any polyphenolic compounds. Of the phenolic acids studied, the amounts excreted varied by 4 orders of magnitude, with hippuric acid being excreted in the highest quantities. Amounts of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4HPAA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3HPAA), 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3HPPA), and 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4HCA) excreted were in the range of 18-33 mu g/mg creatinine in animals fed the highest level of cranberry powder, whereas phenylacetic acid (PAA), gallic acid (GA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (34HPAA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (34HBA), 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (34HCA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (FA) were excreted in the urine in concentrations of 0.1-2 mu g/mg creatinine. As the amount of cranberry in the diet was increased, the amount of 4HPAA excreted decreased but the percentage of conjugated 4HPAA excreted increased (from 57 to 91%). For other phenolic acids analyzed, the percentage excreted in the conjugated form was approximately constant across levels of cranberry in the diet and ranged from 65 to 100% for the individual phenolic acids. Studies of bioactivity and health effects need to consider more than just the compound(s) in the food, because they can be metabolized to other lower molecular weight compounds, which in turn may also be methylated or conjugated in some form that may affect the perceived health effects. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.; Rogers, Theodore R.; Wilkes, Samuel E.; Wu, Xianli] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1212 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu FU Decas Botanicals Inc.; USDA; Agricultural Research Service; Arkansas Biosciences Institute FX Received for review August 13, 2009. Revised manuscript received November 21, 2009. Accepted December 13, 2009. Financial support for these studies was provided in part by Decas Botanicals Inc., USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and Arkansas Biosciences Institute. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 3940 EP 3949 DI 10.1021/jf9028392 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700009 PM 20052972 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Kalt, W AF Milbury, Paul E. Kalt, Wilhelmina TI Xenobiotic Metabolism and Berry Flavonoid Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Berries; blueberries; anthocyanins; brain; bioavailability; xenobiotic; hormesis; metabolism ID RASPBERRY ANTHOCYANINS; HUMAN PLASMA; BLUEBERRY; ABSORPTION; RATS; PERFORMANCE; CONSUMPTION; MICROFLORA; STABILITY; PRODUCTS AB A compelling body of literature suggests berry phytochemicals play beneficial roles in reversing age-related cognitive impairment and protect against neurodegenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are bioactive phytochemicals in berries suspected to be responsible for some of these neuroprotective effects. The plausible mechanisms of anthocyanin bioactivity in brain tissue are dependent on their bioavailability to the brain. Pigs were fed 2% whole freeze-dried, powdered blueberry in the diet for 8 weeks. Anthocyanin and anthocyanin glucuronides were measured in the cortex, cerebellum, and midbrain and diencephalon by LC-MS/MS. Anthocyanins and their glucuronides were found in the range of femtomoles per gram of fresh weight of tissue at 18 h postprandial, after anthocyanins had been removed from the blood by xenobiotic metabolism. Xenobiotic metabolism, anthocyanin interaction, and transporter barriers to brain bioavailability are briefly discussed. The plausible mechanism of neuroprotective action of anthocyanins may be via modulation of signal transduction processes and/or gene expression in brain tissue rather than by direct antioxidant radical quenching. C1 [Milbury, Paul E.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kalt, Wilhelmina] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. RP Milbury, PE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM paul.milbury@tufts.edu NR 38 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 3950 EP 3956 DI 10.1021/jf903529m PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700010 PM 20128604 ER PT J AU Feng, RT Wang, SY Shi, YH Fan, J Yin, XM AF Feng, Rentian Wang, Shiow Y. Shi, Ying-Hong Fan, Jia Yin, Xiao-Ming TI Delphinidin Induces Necrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in the Presence of 3-Methyladenine, an Autophagy Inhibitor SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Delphinidin; bilberry; autophagy; necrosis; hepatocellular carcinoma ID BILBERRY VACCINIUM-MYRTILLUS; BERRY FRUITS; HUMAN HEALTH; CANCER CHEMOPREVENTION; DIETARY ANTHOCYANIDIN; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; APOPTOSIS; PROTEIN; DISEASE; TRANSFORMATION AB The present study was performed to determine whether anthocyanins could trigger different modes of cell death in different cancers. It was found that whereas cyanidin-3-rutinoside and delphinidin could induce apoptosis in leukemia cells, they caused growth retardation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HOC), which was accompanied with a significant cellular vacuolization. The latter was likely caused by macroautophagy and was completely suppressed by 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase that is important for autophagy activation, and by bafilomycin A1, which blocks lysosomal degradation. Delphinidin induced significant lipidation of LC3, an indication of macroautophagy, which was also suppressed by 3-methyladenine. Macroautophagy was required for the survival of delphinidin-treated HOC cells as inhibition with 3-methyladenine led to massive necrosis without caspase activation. Thus, anthocyanins could induce different modes of cell death for different cancers. Furthermore, anthocyanins could be used in combination with a macroautophagy inhibitor for treating cancers such as HOC. C1 [Feng, Rentian; Yin, Xiao-Ming] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Feng, Rentian; Yin, Xiao-Ming] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh Canc Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wang, Shiow Y.] USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shi, Ying-Hong; Fan, Jia] Fudan Univ, Dept Liver Surg, Liver Can Inst, Zhongshan Hosp, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Yin, XM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM xmyin@pitt.edu RI Shi, Ying-Hong/B-7063-2017; Fan, Jia/C-6689-2017 FU NCI; NIH [R01CA111456] FX Received for review July 27, 2009. Revised manuscript received November 28, 2009. Accepted November 30, 2009. This work was in part supported by a grant from NCI, NIH, to X.-M.Y. (R01CA111456). NR 39 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 3957 EP 3964 DI 10.1021/jf9025458 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700011 PM 20025272 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wilkes, SE Rogers, TR Khanal, RC Wu, XL Howard, LR AF Prior, Ronald L. Wilkes, Samuel E. Rogers, Theodore R. Khanal, Ramesh C. Wu, Xianli Howard, Luke R. TI Purified Blueberry Anthocyanins and Blueberry Juice Alter Development of Obesity in Mice Fed an Obesogenic High-Fat Diet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Obesity; leptin; blueberry; anthocyanins ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE; BERRY ANTHOCYANINS; WHOLE BERRIES; MOUSE MODEL; RATS; STOMACH; GLUCOSE; COLOR AB Male C57BL/6J mice (25 days of age) were fed either a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) (LF) or a high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) (HF45) for a period of 72 days. Blueberry juice or purified blueberry anthocyanins (0.2 or 1.0 mg/mL) in the drinking water were included in LF or HF45 treatments. Sucrose was added to the drinking water of one treatment to test if the sugars in blueberry juice would affect development of obesity. Total body weights (g) and body fat (%) were higher and body lean tissue (%) was lower in the HF45 fed mice compared to the LF fed mice after 72 days, but in mice fed HF45 diet plus blueberry juice or blueberry anthocyanins (0.2 mg/mL), body fat (%) was not different from those mice fed the LF diet. Anthocyanins (ACNs) decreased retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissue weights. Fasting serum glucose concentrations were higher in mice fed the HF45 diet. However, it was reduced to LF levels in mice fed the HF45 diet plus 0.2 mg of ACNs/mL in the drinking water, but not with blueberry juice. beta cell function (HOMA-BCF) score was lowered with HF45 feeding but returned to normal levels in mice fed the HF45 diet plus purified ACNs (0.2 mg/mL). Serum leptin was elevated in mice fed HF45 diet, and feeding either blueberry juice or purified ACNs (0.2 mg/mL) decreased serum leptin levels relative to HF45 control. Sucrose in drinking water, when consumption was restricted to the volume of juice consumed, produced lower serum leptin and insulin levels, leptin/fat, and retroperitoneal and total fat (%.BW). Blueberry juice was not as effective as the low dose of anthocyanins in the drinking water in preventing obesity. Additional studies are needed to determine factors responsible for the differing responses of blueberry juice and whole blueberry in preventing the development of obesity. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Wilkes, Samuel E.; Rogers, Theodore R.; Khanal, Ramesh C.; Wu, Xianli] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Service [2005-35503-15409]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service FX Received for review August 14, 2009. Revised manuscript received January 25, 2010. Accepted January 27, 2010. Financial support for these studies was provided in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Service, Grant 2005-35503-15409, and USDA, Agricultural Research Service. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 23 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 3970 EP 3976 DI 10.1021/jf902852d PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700013 PM 20148514 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Wilkes, S Rogers, T Khanal, RC Wu, XL Hager, TJ Hager, A Howard, L AF Prior, Ronald L. Wilkes, Sam Rogers, Theo Khanal, Ramesh C. Wu, Xianli Hager, Tiffany J. Hager, Aaron Howard, Luke TI Dietary Black Raspberry Anthocyanins Do Not Alter Development of Obesity in Mice Fed an Obesogenic High-Fat Diet SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Obesity; leptin; black raspberry; anthocyanins ID PERCENT POLYMERIC COLOR; PROCESSED BLUEBERRY PRODUCTS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; MONOMERIC ANTHOCYANINS; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; BERRY ANTHOCYANINS; WHOLE BERRIES; UNITED-STATES; COMMON FOODS AB Anthocyanins (ACNs) from various foods have been shown to minimize the development of obesity in some animal models. The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of feeding purified black raspberry (BRB) ACNs or the freeze-dried whole BRB on the development of obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice (25 days of age) were assigned at random to treatments (7/treatment; 3/cage). The treatments included (1) control low-fat diet (10% calories from fat) (LF); (2) LF plus BRB juice in place of drinking water; (3) LF diet plus purified BRB ACNs in drinking water (1.25 mg/mL); (4) control high-fat diet (60% calories from fat) (HF60); (5) HF60 diet + BRB juice in place of drinking water; (6) HF60 diet + ACNs in drinking water (1.25 mg/mL); and (7) HF60 + freeze-dried whole BRB powder (21.7 g/kg of diet). Body weight gains in mice fed HF60 diet plus purified BRB ACNs tended to be lower after 56, 63, and 70 days than in mice fed HF60 alone. Body weights were increased at time of sacrifice, but heart, liver, and kidney weights as a percentage of body weight were decreased in mice fed HF60 diet compared to LF fed mice. Weights (g or g/body weight) of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat were increased in the HF60 fed mice compared to LF fed mice. Fasting serum glucose, leptin, and insulin levels as well as homeostasis assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were elevated in mice fed the HF60 diet relative to LF-fed controls. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were not altered by diet. Serum levels of resistin were increased in mice fed the HF60 diet compared to mice fed the LF diet. None of the responses measured were altered by whole BRB powder included in the diet relative to the HF60 control diet. Cyanidin containing di- or triglycosides in BRB was ineffective in altering the development of obesity in contrast to cyanidin-monoglycosides, which have been shown to be effective. The sugar moiety on the anthocyanidins may be an important factor in determining the response in the development of obesity. C1 [Prior, Ronald L.] ARS, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. [Khanal, Ramesh C.; Hager, Tiffany J.; Howard, Luke] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. [Wu, Xianli] Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, 15 Childrens Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM priorronaldl@uams.edu FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Service [2005-35503-15409]; USDA, Agricultural Research Service FX Received for review September 8, 2009. Revised manuscript received February 17, 2010. Accepted February 19, 2010. Financial support for these studies was provided in part by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research Service, Grant 2005-35503-15409, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, and Arkansas Biosciences Institute. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 3977 EP 3983 DI 10.1021/jf9030772 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700014 PM 20201554 ER PT J AU Kim, H Bartley, GE Rimando, AM Yokoyama, W AF Kim, Hyunsook Bartley, Glenn E. Rimando, Agnes M. Yokoyama, Wallace TI Hepatic Gene Expression Related to Lower Plasma Cholesterol in Hamsters Fed High-Fat Diets Supplemented with Blueberry Peels and Peel Extract SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Blueberry pomace byproduct; bile acid; cholesterol; CYP7A1; CYP51; inflammatory marker ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; MATRIX-METALLOPROTEINASE ACTIVITY; ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-ALPHA; PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; BILE-ACID; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MESSENGER-RNA; BETA-GLUCAN; METABOLISM; FLAVONOIDS AB This study analyzed plasma lipid profiles, genes related to cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, and inflammation in liver as well as adipose tissue from Syrian Golden hamsters fed high-fat diets supplemented with blueberry (BB) pomace byproducts including 8% dried whole blueberry peels (BBPWHL), 2% dried extract of peels (BBPX; 95% ethanol extract), and 6% residue from extracted peel (BBPEXT) compared to a diet containing 5% (w/w) microcrystalline cellulose (control). All BB diets significantly lowered plasma very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol concentrations. Interestingly, BB diets increased fecal lipid excretion. Hepatic CYP7A1 expression was up-regulated by all BB diets, and the expression of CYP51 was up-regulated by BBPX and BBPEXT diets, suggesting that both bile acid and cholesterol synthesis were increased. No significant changes in adipocyte gene expression related to inflammatory markers were observed with any BB diet. These data suggest that hepatic modulation of bile acid and cholesterol synthesis primarily contributes to the cholesterol-lowering effect of BB pomace byproducts. C1 [Kim, Hyunsook; Bartley, Glenn E.; Yokoyama, Wallace] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Rimando, Agnes M.] Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, ARS, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Hyunsook.Kim@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 3984 EP 3991 DI 10.1021/jf903230s PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700015 PM 20143813 ER PT J AU Krikorian, R Shidler, MD Nash, TA Kalt, W Vinqvist-Tymchuk, MR Shukitt-Hale, B Joseph, JA AF Krikorian, Robert Shidler, Marcelle D. Nash, Tiffany A. Kalt, Wilhelmina Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Melinda R. Shukitt-Hale, Barbara Joseph, James A. TI Blueberry Supplementation Improves Memory in Older Adults SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Blueberries; memory; metabolism; mild cognitive impairment; prevention; neurodegeneration ID MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; BRAIN; ANTHOCYANINS; PERFORMANCE; SCALE; DEMENTIA; DECLINE; RATS AB The prevalence of dementia is increasing with expansion of the older adult population. In the absence of effective therapy, preventive approaches are essential to address this public health problem. Blueberries contain polyphenolic compounds, most prominently anthocyanins, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, anthocyanins have been associated with increased neuronal signaling in brain centers, mediating memory function as well as improved glucose disposal, benefits that would be expected to mitigate neurodegeneration. This study investigated the effects of daily consumption of wild blueberry juice in a sample of nine older adults with early memory changes. At 12 weeks, improved paired associate learning (p = 0.009) and word list recall (p = 0.04) were observed. In addition, there were trends suggesting reduced depressive symptoms (p = 0.08) and lower glucose levels (p = 0.10). We also compared the memory performances of the blueberry subjects with a demographically matched sample who consumed a berry placebo beverage in a companion trial of identical design and observed comparable results for paired associate learning. The findings of this preliminary study suggest that moderate-term blueberry supplementation can confer neurocognitive benefit and establish a basis for more comprehensive human trials to study preventive potential and neuronal mechanisms. C1 [Krikorian, Robert; Shidler, Marcelle D.; Nash, Tiffany A.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat, Acad Hlth Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Kalt, Wilhelmina; Vinqvist-Tymchuk, Melinda R.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, AFHRC, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] Tufts Univ, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Joseph, James A.] USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Krikorian, R (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Psychiat, Acad Hlth Ctr, POB 670559, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM robert.krikorian@uc.edu FU Wild Blueberry Association of North America; NIH [R21AG024484] FX Received for review August 20, 2009. Revised manuscript received November 12, 2009. Accepted December I, 2009. Material and funding support provided by the Wild Blueberry Association of North America and NIH Grant R21AG024484. NR 39 TC 164 Z9 179 U1 7 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 3996 EP 4000 DI 10.1021/jf9029332 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700017 PM 20047325 ER PT J AU Kalt, W Hanneken, A Milbury, P Tremblay, F AF Kalt, Wilhelmina Hanneken, Anne Milbury, Paul Tremblay, Francois TI Recent Research on Polyphenolics in Vision and Eye Health SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Flavonoids; retina; antioxidant; rhodopsin ID VACCINIUM-MYRTILLUS BILBERRY; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIALS; PH-DEPENDENT INTERACTION; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; STRESS-INDUCED DEATH; OXIDATIVE-STRESS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; ARPE-19 CELLS; NIGHT-VISION; IN-VITRO AB A long-standing yet controversial bioactivity attributed to polyphenols is their beneficial effects in vision. Although anecdotal case reports and in vitro research studies provide evidence for the visual benefits of anthocyanin-rich berries, rigorous clinical evidence of their benefits is still lacking. Recent in vitro studies demonstrate that anthocyanins and other flavonoids interact directly with rhodopsin and modulate visual pigment function. Additional in vitro studies show flavonoids protect a variety of retinal cell types from oxidative stress-induced cell death, a neuroprotective property of significance because the retina has the highest metabolic rate of any tissue and is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury. However, more information is needed on the bioactivity of in vivo conjugates and the accumulation of flavonoids in ocular tissues. The direct and indirect costs of age-related vision impairment provide a powerful incentive to explore the potential for improved vision health through the intake of dietary polyphenolics. C1 [Kalt, Wilhelmina] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. [Hanneken, Anne] Scripps Inst, Dept Mol & Expt Med, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Milbury, Paul] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Tremblay, Francois] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. [Tremblay, Francois] IWK Hlth Ctr, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada. RP Kalt, W (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, 32 Main St, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. EM wilhelmina.kalt@agr.gc.ca OI Tremblay, Francois/0000-0001-7780-8719 NR 40 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4001 EP 4007 DI 10.1021/jf903038r PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700018 PM 20102149 ER PT J AU White, BL Howard, LR Prior, RL AF White, Brittany L. Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Proximate and Polyphenolic Characterization of Cranberry Pomace SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanins; cranberry; flavonoids; flavonols; polyphenolics; pomace; procyanidins ID CELL-WALL MATERIAL; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; FRUIT VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON; NONCOVALENT INTERACTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THEOBROMA-CACAO; IN-VITRO; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; PROCYANIDINS; IDENTIFICATION AB The proximate composition and identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds in dried cranberry pomace were determined. Proximate analysis was conducted based on AOAC methods for moisture, protein, fat, dietary fiber, and ash. Other carbohydrates were determined by the difference method. Polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS. The composition of dried cranberry pomace was 4.5% moisture, 2.2% protein, 12.0% fat, 65.5% insoluble fiber, 5.7% soluble fiber, 8.4% other carbohydrates, 1.1% ash, and 0.6% total polyphenolics. It contained six anthocyanins (111.5 mg/100 g of DW) including derivatives of cyanidin and peonidin. Thirteen flavonols were identified (358.4 mg/100 g of DW), and the aglycones myricetin (55.6 mg/100 g of DW) and quercetin (146.2 mg/100 g of DW) were the most prominent. Procyanidins with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 1-6 were identified (167.3 mg/100 g of DW), the most abundant being an A-type of DP2 (82.6 mg/100 g of DW). C1 [White, Brittany L.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young Ave, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 32 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4030 EP 4036 DI 10.1021/jf902829g PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700022 PM 20020689 ER PT J AU White, BL Howard, LR Prior, RL AF White, Brittany L. Howard, Luke R. Prior, Ronald L. TI Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Extruded Cranberry Pomace SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Anthocyanins; cranberry; extrusion; flavonols; pomace; procyanidins ID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY; FIMBRIATED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VACCINIUM-MACROCARPON; PROCYANIDINS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS; BLUEBERRY; EXTRUSION; RATS; PLASMA; FOODS AB Cranberry pomace was mixed with corn starch in various ratios (30:70, 40:60, 50:50 pomace/corn starch DW) and extruded using a twin-screw extruder at three temperatures (150, 170, 190 degrees C) and two screw speeds (150, 200 rpm). Changes in the anthocyanin, flavonol, and procyanidin contents due to extrusion were determined by HPLC. Antioxidant capacity of the extrudates was determined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Anthocyanin retention was dependent upon barrel temperature and percent pomace. The highest retention was observed at 150 degrees C and 30% pomace. Flavonols increased by 30-34% upon extrusion compared to an unextruded control. ORAC values increased upon extrusion at 170 and 190 degrees C. An increase in DP1 and DP2 procyanidins was also observed; however, a decrease was observed in DP4-DP9 oligomers. These data suggest that extrusion alters the polyphenolic distribution of cranberry pomace and has application in the nutraceutical industry as a means of improving the functionality of this coproduct. C1 [White, Brittany L.; Howard, Luke R.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. [Prior, Ronald L.] USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Howard, LR (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, 2650 N Young, Fayetteville, AR 72703 USA. EM lukeh@uark.edu NR 40 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4037 EP 4042 DI 10.1021/jf902838b PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700023 PM 20020690 ER PT J AU Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ AF Mahoney, Noreen Molyneux, Russell J. TI Rapid Analytical Method for the Determination of Aflatoxins in Plant-Derived Dietary Supplement and Cosmetic Oils SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Aflatoxin; Aspergillus spp.; oils; borage; evening primrose; perilla; almond; walnut; cottonseed; peanut; soy ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OLIVE OIL; PHOTOCHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; PEANUT BUTTER; PRODUCTS; B-1; HPLC AB Consumption of edible oils derived from conventional crop plants is increasing because they are generally regarded as healthier alternatives to animal-based fats and oils. More recently, there has been increased interest in the use of alternative specialty plant-derived oils, including those from tree nuts (almonds, pistachios, and walnuts) and botanicals (borage, evening primrose, and perilla) both for direct human consumption (e.g., as salad dressings) and for the preparation of cosmetics, soaps, and fragrance oils. This has raised the issue as to whether or not exposure to aflatoxins can result from such oils. Although most crops are subject to analysis and control, it has generally been assumed that plant oils do not retain aflatoxins due to the high polarity and lipophobicity of these compounds. There is virtually no scientific evidence to support this supposition, and available information is conflicting. To improve the safety and consistency of botanicals and dietary supplements, research is needed to establish whether or not oils used directly, or in the formulation of products, contain aflatoxins. A validated analytical method for the analysis of aflatoxins in plant-derived oils is essential to establish the safety of dietary supplements for consumption or cosmetic use that contain such oils. The aim of this research was therefore to develop an HPLC method applicable to a wide variety of oils from different plant sources spiked with aflatoxins, thereby providing a basis for a comprehensive project to establish an intra- and interlaboratory validated analytical method for the analysis of aflatoxins in dietary supplements and cosmetics formulated with plant oils. C1 [Mahoney, Noreen; Molyneux, Russell J.] ARS, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Coll Pharm, 200 W Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM molyneux@hawaii.edu FU National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements [Y1-OD-8619-01] FX Received for review November 6, 2009. Revised manuscript received March 4, 2010. Accepted March 8, 2010. We thank the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, for financial support of this work through Agreement Y1-OD-8619-01. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4065 EP 4070 DI 10.1021/jf9039028 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700027 PM 20235534 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Thorson, JF Hammer, CJ Smith, DJ AF Shelver, Weilin L. Thorson, Jennifer F. Hammer, Carolyn J. Smith, David J. TI Depletion of Urinary Zilpaterol Residues in Horses As Measured by ELISA and UPLC-MS/MS SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Analysis; ELISA; horses; UPLC-MS/MS; zilpaterol ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; DIETARY ZILPATEROL; ILLEGAL USE; CLENBUTEROL; LIVER; ASSAY; SUPPRESSION; PERFORMANCE AB Three horses were dosed with dietary zilpaterol and the urine concentrations measured from withdrawal day 0 to withdrawal day 21. The analyses were carried out using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an ultraperformance liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometric detection (UPLC-MS/MS). The UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to provide rapid analysis with positive analyte identification by following three product ions and computing the two independent ion ratios. When urinary zilpaterol concentrations were between 0.2 and 2 ng/mL, the ELISA had interday recoveries of 114-120% with coefficients of variation (CV) of <22%; intraday recoveries were 79-111% with CVs of <13%. For urinary zilpaterol concentrations of 0.4-40 ng/mL the UPLC-MS/MS method had interday recoveries of 94-104% with CVs of <8%; intraday recoveries were 97-102% with CVs of <= 7.5%. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the ELISA and UPLC-MS/MS methods returned essentially the same results, especially at urinary zilpaterol concentrations below 2000 ng/mL. Urinary excretion peaked rapidly after dosing between 5300 and 10800 ng/mL (UPLC-MS/MS) or between 5900 and 17900 ng/mL (ELISA) for the different horses, much higher than observed in other species. Urinary zilpaterol concentrations declined rapidly to below 3000 ng/mL within 24 h of study day 1. After about 5 days, zilpaterol elimination slowed markedly, taking nearly 10 days for an order of magnitude decrease. The analytical methods were able to detect zilpaterol in the urine even at withdrawal day 21, demonstrating the sensitivity of each analytical method and the slow rate of zilpaterol depuration from horses. C1 [Shelver, Weilin L.; Smith, David J.] USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Thorson, Jennifer F.; Hammer, Carolyn J.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM weilin.shelver@ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4077 EP 4083 DI 10.1021/jf904253t PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700029 PM 20218607 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Hurkman, WJ Cao, TK Tanaka, CK Orts, WJ AF Robertson, George H. Hurkman, William J. Cao, Trung K. Tanaka, Charlene K. Orts, William J. TI Finding the "Bio" in Biobased Products: Electrophoretic Identification of Wheat Proteins in Processed Products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biobased products; wheat; protein; gliadin; glutenin; denaturation; capillary zone electrophoresis ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENTS; COLD-ETHANOL DISPLACEMENT; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GLUTEN PROTEINS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; ENDOSPERM PROTEINS AB Verification of the biocontent in biobased or "green" products identifies genuine products, exposes counterfeit copies, supports or refutes content claims, and ensures consumer confidence. When the biocontent includes protein, elemental nitrogen analysis is insufficient for verification since non-protein, but nitrogen-rich, content also may be present. However, the proteins can be extracted, separated by electrophoretic methods, and detected by UV absorption, protein stain, or immunoblotting. We utilized capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to separate proteins in a gliadin fraction that had been dissolved in aqueous ethanol (70%) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to separate proteins in a gliadin-plus-glutenin fraction that had been dissolved in water containing both sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and a reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT). We sought to verify the presence of these wheat grain proteins in wheat bread, a wheat flake cereal, wheat beer, and an enclosure for an antique automobile ignition coil reputed to contain wheat gluten. Proteins extracted from commercial wheat, corn, and soy flours served as standards, and proteins from heat-altered wheat served as process condition references. This approach successfully identified wheat proteins in these products especially if the process temperature did not exceed 120 degrees C. Above this temperature attenuation was nearly complete for proteins analyzed by CZE, but wheat-like patterns could still be recognized by one- and two-dimensional PAGE. Immunoblots reacted with grain-specific antibodies confirmed the identities of the cereal component especially when the protein pattern was greatly altered by thermal modification, specific protein adsorption, or protein digestion. In addition to verifying that wheat proteins are present, the complementary use of these methods can reveal whether whole wheat gluten or merely an alcohol-soluble fraction had been used in the specific product and indicate the level of thermal damage. C1 [Robertson, George H.; Hurkman, William J.; Cao, Trung K.; Tanaka, Charlene K.; Orts, William J.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Pacific W Area, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM grobertson@pw.usda.gov NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4169 EP 4179 DI 10.1021/jf903759d PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700042 PM 20225876 ER PT J AU Glenn, GM Klamczynski, AP Woods, DF Chiou, B Orts, WJ Imam, SH AF Glenn, Gregory M. Klamczynski, Artur P. Woods, Delilah F. Chiou, BorSen Orts, William J. Imam, Syed H. TI Encapsulation of Plant Oils in Porous Starch Microspheres SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Essential oils; thymol; clove; origanum; camphor; Apis mellifer; Varroa jacobsoni ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE; PEARL CORNSTARCH; HERBICIDES; MATRICES; AGENTS; FILMS; GEL AB Natural plant products such as essential oils have gained interest for use in pest control in place of synthetic pesticides because of their low environmental impact. Essential oils can be effective in controlling parasitic mites that infest honeybee colonies, but effective encapsulants are needed to provide a sustained and targeted delivery that minimizes the amount of active ingredient used. The present study reports the encapsulation of essential oils in porous microspheres that are within the size range of pollen grains and can be easily dispersed. The microspheres were made by pumping an 8% aqueous high-amylose starch gelatinous melt through an atomizing nozzle. The atomized starch droplets were air-classified into two fractions and collected in ethanol. The size range for each fraction was measured using a particle size analyzer. The mean particle size for the largest fraction was approximately 100 mu m with a range from 5 mu m to over 300 mu m. Part of the reason for the large particle size was attributed to the merging of smaller particles that impinged upon each other before they solidified. The smaller fraction of spheres had a mean particle size of approximately 5 mu m. The starch-based porous microspheres were loaded with 16.7% (w/w) essential oils including thymol (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol), clove, origanum, and camphor white oil. The essential oils appeared to be largely sequestered within the pore structure, since the spheres remained a free-flowing powder and exhibited little if any agglomeration in spite of the high loading rate. Furthermore, SEM micrographs verified that the pore structure was stable, as evidenced by the persistence of pores in spheres that had first been loaded with essential oils and then had the oil removed by solvent extraction. Thermal gravimetric analyses were consistent with a loading rate at predicted levels. C1 [Glenn, Gregory M.; Klamczynski, Artur P.; Woods, Delilah F.; Chiou, BorSen; Orts, William J.; Imam, Syed H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Glenn, GM (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM greg.glenn@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 85 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4180 EP 4184 DI 10.1021/jf9037826 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700043 PM 20196603 ER PT J AU Kimmons, TE Phillips, M Brauer, D AF Kimmons, Tom E. Phillips, Mark Brauer, David TI Effects of Management Factors on the Concentration of a High Molecular Weight Polysaccharide Fraction from Log-Grown Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Lentinan; fungal strain; environment; mushroom maturation; saprophytic association; polysaccharide ID EDIBLE MUSHROOMS; BETA-GLUCANS; HEALTH AB Shiitake mushrooms have a reputation as a healthy food. Growers may be able to use the presence of health-promoting constituents as a marketing tool to promote sales of their products for premium prices. There are few reports on the effects of management protocols for log-grown shiitakes on the concentrations of constituents to guide growers. This paper summarizes several studies that examined the effects of shiitake strains, mushroom cap development, and length of saprophytic association on the concentrations of a high molecular weight polysaccharide fraction that includes lentinan (HMWP). Concentrations of HMWP in mushrooms varied as much as 8-fold during fruiting among the 12 strains tested in these studies. Results also indicate that the concentrations of HMWP in shiitake mushrooms are influenced by the fungal phenotype and the characteristics of the environment. General trends showed that (1) mushrooms harvested at more immature stages of development (during bud break or before veil break) tended to have higher concentrations of HMWP and (2) the initial harvests of mushrooms from an inoculated log tend to have higher concentrations of HMWP than subsequent harvests. Results suggest that growers interested in maximizing the HMWP content of their mushrooms should use shiitake strains NN-430 and 569-430. C1 [Brauer, David] ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Kimmons, Tom E.] Shirley Community Dev Corp, Shirley, AR 72153 USA. [Phillips, Mark] Shiitake Mushroom Ctr, Shirley, AR 72153 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, PO Drawer 10,2300 Expt Stn Rd, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM david.brauer@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4331 EP 4335 DI 10.1021/jf904268m PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700062 PM 20302374 ER PT J AU Mizuno, CS Rimando, AM Duke, SO AF Mizuno, Cassia S. Rimando, Agnes M. Duke, Stephen O. TI Phytotoxic Activity of Quinones and Resorcinolic Lipid Derivatives SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Sorgoleone; resorcinols; quinones; phytotoxic ID SORGHUM-BICOLOR; ANALOGS; WEEDS AB On the basis of the reported phytotoxic activity of sorgoleone and resorcinolic lipids identified from the root extracts of Sorghum bicolor, 8 resorcinolic lipid derivatives and 10 quinones with various side chain sizes were synthesized. The phytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against a monocot and a dicot species. The quinones were phytotoxic, whereas the resorcinolic lipids were not. Of the quinones, 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-pentylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, having a five-carbon side chain, showed phytotoxic activity similar to that of natural compound sorgoleone. C1 [Mizuno, Cassia S.; Rimando, Agnes M.; Duke, Stephen O.] ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM agnes.rimando@ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4353 EP 4355 DI 10.1021/jf100108c PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700065 PM 20232851 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS Oliveira, RS Visentainer, JV Kremer, RJ Bellaloui, N Yamada, T AF Zobiole, Lurz H. S. Oliveira, Rubem S., Jr. Visentainer, Jesui V. Kremer, Robert J. Bellaloui, Nacer Yamada, Tsuioshi TI Glyphosate Affects Seed Composition in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max L.); glyphosate; seed composition; fatty acids; nutrient status; photosynthesis ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; GLYCINE-MAX L.; FATTY-ACID; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; FLAXSEED OIL; ACCUMULATION; HEALTH AB The cultivation of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has continuously increased worldwide in recent years mainly due to the importance of glyphosate in current weed management systems. However, not much has been done to understand eventual effects of glyphosate application on GR soybean physiology, especially those related to seed composition with potential effects on human health. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of glyphosate application on GR soybeans compared with its near-isogenic non-GR parental lines. Results of the first experiment showed that glyphosate application resulted in significant decreases in shoot nutrient concentrations, photosynthetic parameters, and biomass production. Similar trends were observed for the second experiment, although glyphosate application significantly altered seed nutrient concentrations and polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages. Glyphosate resulted in significant decreases in polyunsaturated linoleic acid (18:2n-6) (2.3% decrease) and linolenic acid (18:3n-3) (9.6% decrease) and a significant increase in monounsaturated fatty acids 17:1n-7 (30.3% increase) and 18:1n-7 (25% increase). The combined observations of decreased photosynthetic parameters and low nutrient availability in glyphosate-treated plants may explain potential adverse effects of glyphosate in GR soybeans. C1 [Zobiole, Lurz H. S.; Oliveira, Rubem S., Jr.] State Univ Maringa UEM, Dept Agron, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Visentainer, Jesui V.] State Univ Maringa UEM, Dept Chem, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Kremer, Robert J.] ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Bellaloui, Nacer] ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Yamada, Tsuioshi] Agrinatura Consultancy, BR-13416901 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), State Univ Maringa UEM, Dept Agron, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, 5790 Colombo Ave, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 FU Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq) FX We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq) for the graduate scholarship for the senior author and financial support for this research. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 14 PY 2010 VL 58 IS 7 BP 4517 EP 4522 DI 10.1021/jf904342t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 577OG UT WOS:000276232700088 PM 20307082 ER PT J AU Kim, J Tang, JY Gong, RY Kim, J Lee, JJ Clemons, KV Chong, CR Chang, KS Fereshteh, M Gardner, D Reya, T Liu, JO Epstein, EH Stevens, DA Beachy, PA AF Kim, James Tang, Jean Y. Gong, Ruoyu Kim, Jynho Lee, John J. Clemons, Karl V. Chong, Curtis R. Chang, Kris S. Fereshteh, Mark Gardner, Dale Reya, Tannishtha Liu, Jun O. Epstein, Ervin H. Stevens, David A. Beachy, Philip A. TI Itraconazole, a Commonly Used Antifungal that Inhibits Hedgehog Pathway Activity and Cancer Growth SO CANCER CELL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DOSE ITRACONAZOLE; BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; DRUG DEVELOPMENT COSTS; PRIMARY CILIUM; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; PROSTATE-CANCER; MOUSE MODEL; STEM-CELLS AB In a screen of drugs previously tested in humans we identified itraconazole, a systemic antifungal, as a potent antagonist of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway that acts by a mechanism distinct from its inhibitory effect on fungal sterol biosynthesis. Systemically administered itraconazole, like other Hh pathway antagonists, can suppress Hh pathway activity and the growth of medulloblastoma in a mouse allograft model and does so at serum levels comparable to those in patients undergoing antifungal therapy. Mechanistically, itraconazole appears to act on the essential Hh pathway component Smoothened (SMO) by a mechanism distinct from that of cyclopamine and other known SMO antagonists, and prevents the ciliary accumulation of SMO normally caused by Hh stimulation. C1 [Kim, James; Kim, Jynho; Lee, John J.; Beachy, Philip A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tang, Jean Y.] Stanford Univ, Dept Dermatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Beachy, Philip A.] Stanford Univ, Inst Stem Cell & Regenerat Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gong, Ruoyu; Kim, Jynho; Beachy, Philip A.] Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clemons, Karl V.; Stevens, David A.] Stanford Univ, Div Infect Dis & Geog Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clemons, Karl V.; Stevens, David A.] Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, Dept Med, San Jose, CA 95128 USA. [Clemons, Karl V.; Stevens, David A.] Calif Inst Med Res, San Jose, CA 95128 USA. [Chong, Curtis R.; Liu, Jun O.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Chong, Curtis R.; Liu, Jun O.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Clin Compound Screening Initiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. [Tang, Jean Y.; Chang, Kris S.; Epstein, Ervin H.] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Fereshteh, Mark; Reya, Tannishtha] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Biol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Gardner, Dale] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Beachy, PA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM pbeachy@stanford.edu FU American Society; Prostate Cancer Foundation; Stanford University Center for Children's Brain Tumors; National Institutes of Health FX We thank N. Sever for providing HEK 293S inducible SMO cell line, M. Martinez and A.J. Tong for technical assistance, P. Lovelace for assistance with FAGS, A. Olson for assistance with confocal microscopy, and M. Scott for helpful comments and discussion of the manuscript. J.K. is a recipient of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award. This research was supported in part by grants from the Prostate Cancer Foundation, from the Stanford University Center for Children's Brain Tumors, and from the National Institutes of Health. P.A.B is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 66 TC 175 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 22 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1535-6108 J9 CANCER CELL JI Cancer Cell PD APR 13 PY 2010 VL 17 IS 4 BP 388 EP 399 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.02.027 PG 12 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 586CS UT WOS:000276879700010 PM 20385363 ER PT J AU Young, OP AF Young, Orrey P. TI CORRELATION OF BODY SIZE OF MOTHS CAPTURED BY LIGHT TRAP WITH NINE ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE size relationships; environmental factors ID LEPIDOPTERA; MOONLIGHT; CATCHES; ABUNDANCE; GRASSLAND; DIVERSITY; WEATHER AB A single light trap in southern Georgia. USA, operated 29 times for two consecutive clays over a 13-month period, captured almost 12.000 months hi six body length categories. Increasing size of moths was related to decreasing number of individuals captured. The smallest moths were the most frequently captured from late spring to early fall, stud the least frequently captured at other times of the year. The smallest size (<6 mm) showed capture values widely divergent through time, whereas the intermediate category (11-15 mm and 16-20 mm) size values were the least divergent through time, suggesting that the smallest sized months were the group most affected by environmental variables. The largest size categories, 21-25 mm and 26-30 mm, represented less than four percent of the total captures and were most frequently captured during the coldest temperatures and during rain. Environmental conditions the six days prior to trap operation were not consistently similar to those conditions prevailing during trap operation;and in some cases did affect trap captures. Maximum temperature during trap operation was the best single explanatory variable for the occurrence of all captured moths, whereas minimum temperatures during trap operation was the best explanatory variable for the smallest size class, and rain prior to trap operation was the best single explanatory variable for the intermediate size classes. C1 [Young, Orrey P.] USDA, So Grain Insects Res Lab, ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Young, OP (reprint author), 9496 Good Lion Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. EM ory2pam@verizon.net NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 587OQ UT WOS:000277002500002 ER PT J AU Solis, MA Scholtens, BG Adams, JK Funk, DH AF Solis, M. Alma Scholtens, Brian G. Adams, James K. Funk, David H. TI FIRST REPORT OF ECPYRRHORRHOE PURALIS (SOUTH) (PYRALOIDEA: CRAMBIDAE: PYRAUSTINAE) IN NORTH AMERICA: A NATURALIZED EXOTIC PYRAUSTINE FROM ASIA FEEDING ON PAULOWNIA SIEBOLD & ZUCC. SO JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Crambidae; Pyraloidea; Pauloicnia; invasive; China; Yezobotys ID LEPIDOPTERA; TOMENTOSA C1 [Solis, M. Alma] USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, SEL, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Scholtens, Brian G.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Adams, James K.] Dalton State Coll, Dept Biol, Dalton, GA 30720 USA. [Funk, David H.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. RP Solis, MA (reprint author), USDA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, SEL, POB 37012,E-517,MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM alma.solis@ars.usda.gov; scholtensb@cofc.edu; jadams@daltonstate.edu; dhfunk@stroudcenter.org NR 15 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU LEPIDOPTERISTS SOC PI LOS ANGELES PA 900 EXPOSITION BLVD, LOS ANGELES, CA 90007-4057 USA SN 0024-0966 J9 J LEPID SOC JI J. Lepid. Soc. PD APR 13 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 1 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 587OQ UT WOS:000277002500005 ER PT J AU Cheng, HN Dowd, MK Selling, GW Biswas, A AF Cheng, H. N. Dowd, Michael K. Selling, G. W. Biswas, Atanu TI Synthesis of cellulose acetate from cotton byproducts SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE Agricultural byproducts; Cellulose; Cellulose acetate; Cotton burr; Cottonseed hull; Iodine ID SOLVENT; LIQUID AB Cotton burr and cottonseed hull are relatively inexpensive cotton byproducts. In an effort to derive greater value out of these natural renewable materials, we have succeeded in converting part of them into cellulose acetate without prior chemical breakdown or physical separation of cellulose, lignin, protein, and other components. The conventional approach of treating the raw materials with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and sulfuric acid in a solvent yielded very little product. An alternative process that involved treating the materials with acetic anhydride and iodine proved to be more successful. No solvent was used in this alternative approach except during the sample workup. The process was optimized by varying the temperature and the amounts of acetic anhydride and iodine used. The best yields obtained thus far were about 15-24%, which corresponded to conversion of between 50% and 80% of the starting cellulose. Formation of the acetates and the degree of substitution were monitored via NMR spectroscopy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cheng, H. N.; Dowd, Michael K.] ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Selling, G. W.; Biswas, Atanu] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Cheng, HN (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM hn.cheng@ars.usda.gov; atanu.biswas@sra.usda.gov NR 14 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD APR 12 PY 2010 VL 80 IS 2 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.11.048 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 586OR UT WOS:000276920500021 ER PT J AU Jiang, HX Horner, HT Pepper, TM Blanco, M Campbell, M Jane, JL AF Jiang, Hongxin Horner, Harry T. Pepper, Tracey M. Blanco, Michael Campbell, Mark Jane, Jay-lin TI Formation of elongated starch granules in high-amylose maize SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE High-amylose maize starch; Amylose-extender mutant; Resistant starch; Starch structure; Long-chain double-helical crystallite; Elongated starch granule; Starch granule formation ID ASSISTED CARBOHYDRATE ELECTROPHORESIS; RESISTANT STARCH; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; DIGESTIBLE STARCH; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; INSULIN; AMYLOPECTIN; CONSUMPTION; METABOLISM; LOCATION AB GEMS-0067 maize starch contains up to 32% elongated starch granules, much higher than amylose-extender (ae) single-mutant maize starch (similar to 7%) and normal (non-mutant) maize starch (0%). These elongated granules are highly resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis at 95-100 degrees C, which function as resistant starch. The structure and formation of these elongated starch granules, however, were not known. In this study, light, confocal laser-scanning, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy were used to reveal the structure and formation of these elongated starch granules. The transmission electron micrographs showed fusion through amylose interaction between adjacent small granules in the amyloplast at the early stage of granule development. A mechanistic model for the formation of elongated starch granules is proposed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Hongxin; Jane, Jay-lin] Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Horner, Harry T.; Pepper, Tracey M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cell Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Horner, Harry T.; Pepper, Tracey M.] Iowa State Univ, Microscopy & NanoImaging Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Blanco, Michael] USDA ARS, Plant Introduct Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Campbell, Mark] Truman State Univ, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. RP Jane, JL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jjane@iastate.edu FU USDA-ARS GEM FX The authors thank the USDA-ARS GEM project for the support of this research. The authors also wish to thank Randall Den Adel for assistance in preparing tissues for transmission electron microscopy in the Microscopy and NanoImaging Facility, and Margie Carter for assistance with confocal laser scanning microscopy. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD APR 12 PY 2010 VL 80 IS 2 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.12.016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 586OR UT WOS:000276920500034 ER PT J AU Suchodolski, PF Izumiya, Y Lupiani, B Ajithdoss, DK Lee, LF Kung, HJ Reddy, SM AF Suchodolski, Paulette F. Izumiya, Yoshihiro Lupiani, Blanca Ajithdoss, Dharani K. Lee, Lucy F. Kung, Hsing-Jien Reddy, Sanjay M. TI Both homo and heterodimers of Marek's disease virus encoded Meq protein contribute to transformation of lymphocytes in chickens SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marek's disease virus; GaHV-2; Dimerization; Meq; bZIP; T-cell lymphomas; Oncogenesis; Chicken; Leucine zipper; Herpesvirus ID HERPESVIRUS BZIP ONCOPROTEIN; Q GENE MEQ; DNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; NUCLEAR-LOCALIZATION; EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS; MDV CDNAS; JUN; CELLS; FOS AB Marek' disease virus serotype-1, also know as Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), elicits T-cell lymphomas in chickens. The GaHV-2 genome encodes an oncoprotein, Meq, with similarity to the Jun/Fos family of proteins. We have previously shown that Meq homodimers are not sufficient to induce lymphomas in chickens. In this study, we investigated the role of Meq heterodimers in the pathogenicity of GaHV-2 by generating a chimeric meq gene, which contains the leucine zipper region of Fos (meqFos). A recombinant virus containing the meqFos gene in place of parental meq, rMd5-MeqFos, was not capable of transforming chicken lymphocytes, indicating that heterodimerization of Meq alone is not sufficient for transformation. In addition, the recovery of the oncogenic phenotype by a recombinant virus encoding one copy each of MeqGCN (homodimer) and MeqFos (heterodimer) conclusively demonstrates that both homo and heterodimerization of Meq are required for oncogenesis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Suchodolski, Paulette F.; Lupiani, Blanca; Reddy, Sanjay M.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lupiani, Blanca; Ajithdoss, Dharani K.; Reddy, Sanjay M.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Izumiya, Yoshihiro] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Dept Dermatol, Sch Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Kung, Hsing-Jien] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biochem & Mol Med, Sch Med, Ctr Canc, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Lee, Lucy F.] ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Reddy, SM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Vet Pathobiol, MS 4467,206 VMR,Bldg 1197, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sreddy@cvm.tamu.edu RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011; Kung, Hsing-Jien/C-7651-2013 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2004-35204-14840, 2010-65119-20547, 200601604]; NIH [T32-AI052072] FX This work was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grants 2004-35204-14840, 2010-65119-20547 (to S.M.R and B.L) and 200601604 (to H-J.K). P.S. was supported by NIH predoctoral training grant T32-AI052072. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD APR 10 PY 2010 VL 399 IS 2 BP 312 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2010.01.006 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 566FO UT WOS:000275355700014 PM 20137800 ER PT J AU Noland, GS Chowdhury, DR Urban, JF Zavala, F Kumar, N AF Noland, Gregory S. Chowdhury, Debabani Roy Urban, Joseph F., Jr. Zavala, Fidel Kumar, Nirbhay TI Helminth infection impairs the immunogenicity of a Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine, but not irradiated sporozoites, in mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Malaria; Plasmodium; Vaccine; Helminths ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; TRANSMISSION-BLOCKING ANTIBODIES; CONCURRENT NEMATODE INFECTION; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ONCHOCERCIASIS PATIENTS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; MYCOBACTERIAL ANTIGENS; POLYGYRUS INFECTION AB Development of an effective vaccine against malaria remains a priority. However, a significant number of individuals living in tropical areas are also likely to be co-infected with helminths, which are known to adversely affect immune responses to a number of different existing vaccines. Here we compare the response to two prototype malaria vaccines: a transmission blocking DNA vaccine based on Pfs25, and a pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine based on irradiated sporozoites in mice infected with the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Following primary immunization with Pfs25 DNA vaccine, levels of total IgG, as well as IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b (all P=0.0002). and IgG3 (P=0.03) Pfs25 antibodies were significantly lower in H. polygyrus-infected mice versus worm-free controls. Similar results were observed even after two additional boosts, while clearance of worms with anthelmintic treatment 3 weeks prior to primary immunization significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of helminth infection. In contrast, helminth infection had no inhibitory effect on immunization with irradiated sporozoites. Mean anti-CSP antibody responses were similar between H. polygyrus-infected and worm-free control mice following immunization with a single dose (65,000 sporozoites) of live radiation attenuated (irradiated) Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites (17X, non-lethal strain), and protection upon sporozoite challenge was equivalent between groups. These results indicate that helminth infection may adversely affect certain anti-malarial vaccine strategies, and highlight the importance of these interactions for malaria vaccine development. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Noland, Gregory S.; Chowdhury, Debabani Roy; Zavala, Fidel; Kumar, Nirbhay] Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Urban, Joseph F., Jr.] ARS, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Kumar, Nirbhay] Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM nkumar@tulane.edu OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute; NIH [RO1AI047089] FX GSN and DRC were supported by predoctoral and postdoctoral fellowships, respectively from the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute. Research in the Kumar laboratory is supported by grants from the NIH RO1AI047089. The contribution of USDA project 1265-32000-088. We thank the staff of the JHMRI microarray core for assistance with qRT-PCR. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 17 BP 2917 EP 2923 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.055 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 586CE UT WOS:000276877900001 PM 20188676 ER PT J AU Jang, SI Lillehoj, HS Lee, SH Lee, KW Park, MS Cha, SR Lillehoj, EP Subramanian, BM Sriraman, R Srinivasan, VA AF Jang, Seung I. Lillehoj, Hyun S. Lee, Sung Hyen Lee, Kyung Woo Park, Myeong Seon Cha, Sung-Rok Lillehoj, Erik P. Subramanian, B. Mohana Sriraman, R. Srinivasan, V. A. TI Eimeria maxima recombinant Gam82 gametocyte antigen vaccine protects against coccidiosis and augments humoral and cell-mediated immunity SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Coccidiosis; Gam82; E. maxima ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MATERNAL IMMUNIZATION; IFN-GAMMA; ACERVULINA; CHICKENS; CYTOKINE; TENELLA; INFECTIONS; PARASITE; CLONING AB Intestinal infection with Eimeria, the etiologic agent of avian coccidiosis, stimulates protective immunity to subsequent colonization by the homologous parasite, while cross-protection against heterologous species is poor. As a first step toward the development of a broad specificity Eimeria vaccine, this study was designed to assess a purified recombinant protein from Eimeria maxima gametocytes (Gam82) in stimulating immunity against experimental infection with live parasites. Following Gam82 intramuscular immunization and oral parasite challenge, body weight gain, fecal oocyst output, lesion scores, serum antibody response, and cytokine production were assessed to evaluate vaccination efficacy. Animals vaccinated with Gam82 and challenged with E. maxima showed lower oocyst shedding and reduced intestinal pathology compared with non-vaccinated and parasite-challenged animals. Gam82 vaccination also stimulated the production of antigen-specific serum antibodies and induced greater levels of IL-2 and IL-15 mRNAs compared with non-vaccinated controls. These results demonstrate that the Gam82 recombinant protein protects against E. maxima and augments humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Jang, Seung I.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Lee, Sung Hyen; Lee, Kyung Woo; Park, Myeong Seon; Cha, Sung-Rok] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Lillehoj, Erik P.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Subramanian, B. Mohana; Sriraman, R.; Srinivasan, V. A.] Indian Immunol Ltd, Ctr Res & Dev, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Hyun.Lillehoj@ars.usda.gov OI Lee, Kyung-Woo/0000-0002-3533-7979 FU Agricultural Research Service, USDA; Indian Immunologicals Limited, Hyderabad, India FX This project was partially supported by a trust agreement established between the Agricultural Research Service, USDA and Indian Immunologicals Limited, Hyderabad, India. The authors thank Marjorie Nichols for technical assistance. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 9 PY 2010 VL 28 IS 17 BP 2980 EP 2985 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.011 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 586CE UT WOS:000276877900009 PM 20178868 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, SJ AF Del Grosso, Stephen J. TI CLIMATE CHANGE Grazing and nitrous oxide SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Del Grosso, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM delgro@nrel.colostate.edu NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 29 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 8 PY 2010 VL 464 IS 7290 BP 843 EP 844 DI 10.1038/464843a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 579TM UT WOS:000276397300026 PM 20376141 ER PT J AU de Leon, AAP Strickman, DA Knowles, DP Fish, D Thacker, E de la Fuente, J Krause, PJ Wikel, SK Miller, RS Wagner, GG Almazan, C Hillman, R Messenger, MT Ugstad, PO Duhaime, RA Teel, PD Ortega-Santos, A Hewitt, DG Bowers, EJ Bent, SJ Cochran, MH McElwain, TF Scoles, GA Suarez, CE Davey, R Freeman, JMH Lohmeyer, K Li, AY Guerrero, FD Kammlah, DM Phillips, P Pound, JM AF de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez Strickman, Daniel A. Knowles, Donald P. Fish, Durland Thacker, Eileen de la Fuente, Jose Krause, Peter J. Wikel, Stephen K. Miller, Ryan S. Wagner, Gale G. Almazan, Consuelo Hillman, Robert Messenger, Matthew T. Ugstad, Paul O. Duhaime, Roberta A. Teel, Pete D. Ortega-Santos, Alfonso Hewitt, David G. Bowers, Edwin J. Bent, Stephen J. Cochran, Matt H. McElwain, Terry F. Scoles, Glen A. Suarez, Carlos E. Davey, Ronald Freeman, Jeanne M. Howell Lohmeyer, Kimberly Li, Andrew Y. Guerrero, Felix D. Kammlah, Diane M. Phillips, Pamela Pound, Joe M. CA Grp Emerging Babesioses & One Hlth TI One Health approach to identify research needs in bovine and human babesioses: workshop report SO PARASITES & VECTORS LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ARTHROPOD-BORNE PATHOGENS; TICK CONTROL; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS; UNITED-STATES; LYME-DISEASE; RESEARCH AGENDA; CATTLE; IXODIDAE AB Background: Babesia are emerging health threats to humans and animals in the United States. A collaborative effort of multiple disciplines to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment, otherwise known as the One Health concept, was taken during a research workshop held in April 2009 to identify gaps in scientific knowledge regarding babesioses. The impetus for this analysis was the increased risk for outbreaks of bovine babesiosis, also known as Texas cattle fever, associated with the re-infestation of the U. S. by cattle fever ticks. Results: The involvement of wildlife in the ecology of cattle fever ticks jeopardizes the ability of state and federal agencies to keep the national herd free of Texas cattle fever. Similarly, there has been a progressive increase in the number of cases of human babesiosis over the past 25 years due to an increase in the white-tailed deer population. Human babesiosis due to cattle-associated Babesia divergens and Babesia divergens-like organisms have begun to appear in residents of the United States. Research needs for human and bovine babesioses were identified and are presented herein. Conclusions: The translation of this research is expected to provide veterinary and public health systems with the tools to mitigate the impact of bovine and human babesioses. However, economic, political, and social commitments are urgently required, including increased national funding for animal and human Babesia research, to prevent the re-establishment of cattle fever ticks and the increasing problem of human babesiosis in the United States. C1 [de Leon, Adalberto A. Perez; Davey, Ronald; Freeman, Jeanne M. Howell; Lohmeyer, Kimberly; Li, Andrew Y.; Guerrero, Felix D.; Kammlah, Diane M.; Phillips, Pamela; Pound, Joe M.] USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. [Strickman, Daniel A.; Thacker, Eileen] USDA ARS, Natl Program, Beltsville, MD USA. [Fish, Durland] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [de la Fuente, Jose] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Ctr Vet Hlth Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [de la Fuente, Jose] CSIC UCLM JCCM, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget IREC, Ciudad Real 13005, Spain. [Krause, Peter J.; Bent, Stephen J.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Div Epidemiol Microbial Dis, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Wikel, Stephen K.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Miller, Ryan S.] USDA APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Wagner, Gale G.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Almazan, Consuelo] Univ Autonoma Tamaulipas, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico. [Hillman, Robert; Cochran, Matt H.] Texas Anim Hlth Commiss, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Messenger, Matthew T.] USDA APHIS VS, Cattle Fever Tick Eradicat Program, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. [Ugstad, Paul O.] USDA APHIS VS, Austin, TX 78701 USA. [Duhaime, Roberta A.] USDA APHIS VS, Cattle Fever Tick Eradicat Program, San Juan, TX 78589 USA. [Teel, Pete D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ortega-Santos, Alfonso; Hewitt, David G.] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA. [Bowers, Edwin J.] USDA APHIS VS, Cattle Fever Tick Eradicat Program, Laredo, TX 78040 USA. [Knowles, Donald P.; McElwain, Terry F.; Scoles, Glen A.; Suarez, Carlos E.] ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McElwain, Terry F.; Suarez, Carlos E.] Washington State Univ, Program Vector Borne Dis, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP de Leon, AAP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. EM beto.perez.de.leon@ars.usda.gov; jose_delafuente@yahoo.com RI Bent, Stephen/A-7094-2011; OI Bent, Stephen/0000-0003-1563-2855; de la Fuente, Jose/0000-0001-7383-9649; Miller, Ryan/0000-0003-3892-0251 FU United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service and the Center for Ecoepidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine FX We thank Angie Heimann, Beth Lemeilleur, Barbara Pagel, Barbara Eastwood, and Roger Sorenson for impeccable organizational support. Dr. Renato Andreotti made helpful comments on the draft report. Melinda May provided invaluable support to produce the graph. This paper is the results of a workshop convened by the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service and the Center for Ecoepidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine on 22nd and 23rd of April 2009 in McAllen, Texas. Other members of the Group for Emerging Babesioses and One Health Research and Development in the U. S. are: Dr. Sandra A. Allan, Mosquito and Fly Research Unit, Research Entomologist, 1600 - 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, (352) 374-5940 Sandy. Allan@ars.usda.gov; Dr. Jose M. Avila-Curiel, Ph.D., Researcher in Grazing Animal Nutrition, INIFAP - SAGARPA, Francisco Mendoza No. 212, Col. Azuncion Avalos, Cd. Madero, Tamaulipas, Mexico, CP 89416, (836) 276-0023/24; Cell: (833) 167-7158, Avila. josemiguel@inifap.gob.mx; Dr. Richard Bishop, Senior Molecular Biologist, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P. O. Box 30709, GPO 00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Tel: + 254(0) 20 4223000 (switchboard) 4223359 (office), r. bishop@cgiar.org; Dr. Antonio Cantu, INIFAP - SAGARPA, Universidad Autonoma, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico, Cantu.antonio@inifap.gob.mx; Dr. James R. Coppedge, Associate Area Director, USDA-ARS-Southern Plains Area, 1001 Holleman Drive East, College Station, TX 77840-4147, (979) 260-9346, james.coppedge@ars.usda.gov; Mr. Lavoyger Durham, South Texans' Property Rights Association, P. O. Box 397, Falfurrias, Texas 78355, (361) 5225194; Mrs. Susan Durham, South Texans' Property Rights Association, P. O. Box 397, Falfurrias, Texas 78355, (361) 522-5194, susan@stpra.org; Dr. Jim Gallagher, Assistant Professor and Extension Wildlife Specialist, Wildlife and Fisheries Science Dept., Texas AgriLife Extension Service, PO Box 1849, 1619 Garner Field Road, Uvalde, TX 78802-1849 830-278-9151, jfgallagher@ag.tamu.edu; Dr. Patricia Holman, Research Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-4467, (979) 8454202, pholman@cvm.tamu.edu; Mr. Larry Jung, Assistant Director Field Operations, Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program, P. O. Box 567, Del Rio, Texas 78841, Phone #830-775-5452, Larry. D. Jung@usda.gov; Dr. James B. Lenarduzzi, Area 5 Director, Animal Health Commission, 3811 N. Saint Marys St, Beeville, Texas 78102-2128, (361) 358-3234, jamesl@tahc.state.tx.us; Dr. Byron E. Rippke, Director, Policy, Evaluation & Licensing, USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics, 1920 Dayton Road, Ames, IA 50010, (515) 337-6101, Byron. E. Rippke@aphis.usda.gov; Mr. Sam Rodriquez, R Y Livestock Sales, Rio Grande City, Texas, cattlemansam@aol.com; Mr. Fausto Salinas Jr., F& M Farms & Cattle Company, Salinasfaust@gmail.com; Dr. Greta Schuster, Texas A & M University, Associate Professor - Agronomist, Department of Agronomy & Resource Sciences, MSC 228 Kleberg AG Bldg. RM 116, Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202, (361) 593-4116, kugs2002@tamuk.edu. NR 58 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 13 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1756-3305 J9 PARASITE VECTOR JI Parasites Vectors PD APR 8 PY 2010 VL 3 AR 36 DI 10.1186/1756-3305-3-36 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 589LQ UT WOS:000277150100001 ER PT J AU Yang, ZQ Wang, XY Gould, JR Reardon, RC Zhang, YN Liu, GJ Liu, ES AF Yang, Zhong-Qi Wang, Xiao-Yi Gould, Juli R. Reardon, Richard C. Zhang, Yi-Nan Liu, Gui-Jun Liu, En-Shan TI Biology and behavior of Spathius agrili, a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, in China SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; Fraxinus; life cycle ID YANG HYMENOPTERA-BRACONIDAE AB Spathius agrili Yang (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a gregarious larval ectoparasitoid of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and is a recently described species. Both pest and parasitoid are native to China. In Tianjin City, China, S. agrili typically exhibited 3-4 generations per year, overwintering as a prepupa in a cocoon inside the host gallery. The multiple generations of S. agrili overlapped with its host, as did the emergence dates of the overwintering generation. From a single host, 1-18 S. agrili successfully developed to the adult stage (average 8.4), but in all cases the host was killed. The sex ratio (female: male) of the parasitoid adults emerging from field-collected cocoons was 2: 1, whereas the sex ratio of parasitoids reared from field collected eggs and larvae was greater than 3:1. On average, adult females lived 29.1 d, and males lived 23.6 d when fed with 20% honey solution, significantly longer than without a nutritional supplement. Sexual reproduction is the normal mode of reproduction, but in the laboratory females did reproduce parthenogenetically, producing only males. The average fecundity was 23.3 eggs per female in the laboratory. S. agrili developed through five larval instars, and the larvae fed gregariously on the host hemolymph. The generation time from egg to adult wasp was 27-28 d at 22-26 degrees C. Natural parasitism rates were as high as 60%, and in October they reached over 90% in some stands. This study showed that S. agrili is a promising agent for biocontrol of A. planipennis. C1 [Yang, Zhong-Qi; Wang, Xiao-Yi; Zhang, Yi-Nan] Chinese Acad Forestry, Key Lab Forest Protect, State Forestry Adm China, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. [Gould, Juli R.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Reardon, Richard C.] US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Technol Enterprise Team, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Liu, Gui-Jun; Liu, En-Shan] Guangang Forest Pk, Tianjin 300270, Peoples R China. RP Yang, ZQ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Forestry, Key Lab Forest Protect, State Forestry Adm China, Res Inst Forest Ecol Environm & Protect, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China. EM yzhqi@caf.ac.cn FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and Animal & Plant Health Inspective Service (APHIS); International Foundation for Science from Sweden [D/3689-1, D/3689-2]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30671689]; China National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2006BAD08A12] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and Animal & Plant Health Inspective Service (APHIS); International Foundation for Science (D/3689-1, 2) from Sweden, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671689), as well as the Key Projects in the China National Science & Technology Pillar Program (2006BAD08A12). NR 11 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD APR 6 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 30 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 579GX UT WOS:000276358100001 PM 20569125 ER PT J AU Kim, KS Jones, GD Westbrook, JK Sappington, TW AF Kim, Kyung Seok Jones, Gretchen D. Westbrook, John K. Sappington, Thomas W. TI Multidisciplinary fingerprints: forensic reconstruction of an insect reinvasion SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; cotton; invasive; population genetics; pollen; atmospheric trajectory ID BOLL-WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; GRANDIS-BOHEMAN COLEOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHEASTERN MEXICO; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ERADICATION ZONE; PHEROMONE TRAPS; UNITED-STATES AB An unexpected outbreak of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis, an insect pest of cotton, across the Southern Rolling Plains (SRP) eradication zone of west-central Texas, USA, was detected soon after passage of Tropical Storm Erin through the Winter Garden district to the south on 16 August 2007. The synchrony and broad geographic distribution of the captured weevils suggest that long-distance dispersal was responsible for the reinvasion. We integrated three types of assessment to reconstruct the geographic origin of the immigrants: (i) DNA fingerprinting; (ii) pollen fingerprinting; and (iii) atmospheric trajectory analysis. We hypothesized the boll weevils originated in the Southern Blacklands zone near Cameron, or in the Winter Garden district near Uvalde, the nearest regions with substantial populations. Genetic tests broadly agree that the immigrants originated southeast of the SRP zone, probably in regions represented by Uvalde or Weslaco. The SRP pollen profile from weevils matched that of Uvalde better than that of Cameron. Wind trajectories supported daily wind-aided dispersal of weevils from the Uvalde region to the SRP from 17 to 24 August, but failed to support migration from the Cameron region. Taken together the forensic evidence strongly implicates the Winter Garden district near Uvalde as the source of reinvading boll weevils. C1 [Kim, Kyung Seok; Sappington, Thomas W.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab,ISU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Jones, Gretchen D.; Westbrook, John K.] ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Sappington, TW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab,ISU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.sappington@ars.usda.gov NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD APR 6 PY 2010 VL 7 IS 45 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1098/rsif.2009.0345 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 558ZP UT WOS:000274789400011 PM 19828497 ER PT J AU Wajnberg, E Acosta-Avalos, D Alves, OC de Oliveira, JF Srygley, RB Esquivel, DMS AF Wajnberg, Eliane Acosta-Avalos, Daniel Alves, Odivaldo Cambraia de Oliveira, Jandira Ferreira Srygley, Robert B. Esquivel, Darci M. S. TI Magnetoreception in eusocial insects: an update SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Review DE compass; orientation cue; magnetic particles; magnetic sense; Hymenoptera; Isoptera ID HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; COMPARATIVE MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MIGRATORY ANT; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; HOMING PIGEONS; SUPERPARAMAGNETIC MAGNETITE; PUTATIVE MAGNETORECEPTOR; BIOGENIC MAGNETITE AB Behavioural experiments for magnetoreception in eusocial insects in the last decade are reviewed. Ants and bees use the geomagnetic field to orient and navigate in areas around their nests and along migratory paths. Bees show sensitivity to small changes in magnetic fields in conditioning experiments and when exiting the hive. For the first time, the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles found in eusocial insects, obtained by magnetic techniques and electron microscopy, are reviewed. Different magnetic oxide nanoparticles, ranging from superparamagnetic to multi-domain particles, were observed in all body parts, but greater relative concentrations in the abdomens and antennae of honeybees and ants have focused attention on these segments. Theoretical models for how these specific magnetosensory apparatuses function have been proposed. Neuron-rich ant antennae may be the most amenable to discovering a magnetosensor that will greatly assist research into higher order processing of magnetic information. The ferromagnetic hypothesis is believed to apply to eusocial insects, but interest in a light-sensitive mechanism is growing. The diversity of compass mechanisms in animals suggests that multiple compasses may function in insect orientation and navigation. The search for magnetic compasses will continue even after a magnetosensor is discovered in eusocial insects. C1 [Wajnberg, Eliane; Acosta-Avalos, Daniel; de Oliveira, Jandira Ferreira; Esquivel, Darci M. S.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Alves, Odivaldo Cambraia] Univ Fed Fluminense, Dept Fisicoquim, BR-24020150 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. [Srygley, Robert B.] ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Srygley, Robert B.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Wajnberg, E (reprint author), Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, R Xavier Sigaud 150, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. EM elianew@cbpf.br RI Alves, Odivaldo/A-2270-2014; Esquivel, Darci/G-1581-2012; Wajnberg, Eliane /G-7446-2014; Acosta-Avalos, Daniel/G-7473-2014 NR 111 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD APR 6 PY 2010 VL 7 SU 2 BP S207 EP S225 DI 10.1098/rsif.2009.0526.focus PG 19 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 569FW UT WOS:000275583000007 PM 20106876 ER PT J AU Dodson, MV Vierck, JL Hausman, GJ Guan, LL Fernyhough, ME Poulos, SP Mir, PS Jiang, Z AF Dodson, M. V. Vierck, J. L. Hausman, G. J. Guan, L. L. Fernyhough, M. E. Poulos, S. P. Mir, P. S. Jiang, Z. TI Examination of adipose depot-specific PPAR moieties SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Review DE PPAR; Adipose depot; Large animals ID BOVINE PERIMUSCULAR PREADIPOCYTES; EXPRESSION; ADIPOGENESIS; ADIPOCYTE; ANIMALS AB Molecular mechanisms of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are being defined rapidly, as illustrated by the volume of papers published. Much of the research is directed towards a clinical end-point/application; however, the non-homogeneous nature of adipose depots in laboratory animals is spurring similar research in domestic meat animals (such as beef cattle). Moreover, the size of adipose depots in meat animals remains an attractive feature for using them to obtain cells for PPAR research. Examination of meat-animal depot-specific PPAR moieties may provide novel information about adipocyte regulation that might be extrapolated to all animals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Dodson, M. V.; Vierck, J. L.; Jiang, Z.] Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hausman, G. J.] ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. [Guan, L. L.] Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. [Fernyhough, M. E.] Hartz Mt Corp, Secaucus, NJ 07094 USA. [Poulos, S. P.] Coca Cola Co, Res & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Mir, P. S.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Dodson, MV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM dodson@wsu.edu RI Jiang, Zhihua/A-3378-2008; Dodson, Michael/A-6814-2012; OI Jiang, Zhihua/0000-0003-1986-088X; Poulos, Sylvia/0000-0002-4476-6679 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 2 PY 2010 VL 394 IS 2 BP 241 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.170 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 584EC UT WOS:000276732400001 PM 20206125 ER PT J AU DiCarlo, DA Seale, LD Ham, K Willson, CS AF DiCarlo, David A. Seale, L. Don Ham, Kyungmin Willson, Clinton S. TI Tomographic measurements of pore filling at infiltration fronts SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE X-ray tomography; Pore-scale physics; Multi-phase flow in porous media; Unsaturated flow; Frontal dynamics; Saturation overshoot; Preferential flow ID GRAVITY-DRIVEN FINGERS; X-RAY MICROTOMOGRAPHY; POROUS-MEDIA SYSTEMS; UNSATURATED MATERIALS; HOMOGENEOUS SANDS; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; SOILS; WATER; STABILITY; INSTABILITY AB For certain porous media and initial conditions, constant flux infiltrations show a saturation profile which exhibits overshoot. This overshoot is the cause of gravity driven fingering, cannot be described by standard models of unsaturated flow, and is likely controlled by the exact nature of the pore filling at the initial front. Here we report synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography measurements of the porous medium and measure which pores are filled by water and air at the initial wetting front as a function of flux. We find that at high fluxes all the pores are filled with water; for intermediate fluxes, the pores along the edge of the column remain unsaturated; and for low fluxes the pores in the bulk of the experimental column remain unsaturated. This suggests that the unsaturated overshoot conditions observed at higher fluxes are primarily an edge effect of the column. The results can help delineate the correct continuum models that can capture overshoot and gravity driven fingering. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [DiCarlo, David A.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Seale, L. Don] ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Ham, Kyungmin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Willson, Clinton S.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP DiCarlo, DA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM dicarlo@mail.utexas.edu; don.seale@ars.usda.gov; kham1@lsu.edu; cwillson@lsu.edu RI Willson, Clinton/D-6571-2011 FU University of Texas; NSF [NSF IMR-0216875]; Louisiana Board of Regents; State of Louisiana FX The authors thank Robert Smith for experimental assistance. D.A.D. thanks a Summer Research Assignment from the University of Texas for funding. The X-ray computed tomography at CAMD was constructed through funding from NSF (NSF IMR-0216875) and grants from the Louisiana Board of Regents, LEQSF 1999 and upgraded with LEQSF 2006, and CAMD's operation is supported by the State of Louisiana. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD APR PY 2010 VL 33 IS 4 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.advwatres.2010.01.012 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 586NO UT WOS:000276917400011 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Cavigelli, MA AF Teasdale, John R. Cavigelli, Michel A. TI Subplots facilitate assessment of corn yield losses from weed competition in a long-term systems experiment SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE corn; Zea mays; weed competition; nitrogen availability; rainfall; organic farming ID CONVENTIONAL FIELD CROPS; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; MID-ATLANTIC REGION; CROPPING SYSTEMS; INTERFERENCE RELATIONSHIPS; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; FARMING SYSTEMS; ZEA-MAYS; SOIL; NITROGEN AB Weeds can limit crop yield, particularly in organic systems where herbicide technologies are unavailable. Weedy and weed-free subplots were established within the full plots of a long-term Farming Systems Project at Beltsville, Maryland, USA, to determine the effect of weed competition on corn yields in six of the first ten years of an experiment designed to compare conventional and organic cropping systems. Weed abundance was determined in two ways, by sampling above-ground biomass and by estimating percent of soil area covered by weeds. Percent weed cover was shown to be linearly related to weed biomass but was more comprehensive than biomass sampling for determining the overall weed abundance in the larger full plots. The relationship between corn yield and weed cover estimates in subplots was used to estimate corn yield losses to weed competition and weed-free yield in the full plots. Weed competition reduced corn grain yield in all years in subplots, however, the degree of yield reduction ranged from 4 to 76%. This considerable variability was explained by rainfall whereby the highest yield loss occurred in years with below-average rainfall and the lowest yield loss occurred in years with above-average rainfall. Estimation of full-plot corn yield loss to weed competition demonstrated that yield differences between the conventional and organic systems were explained not only by weed competition but also by nitrogen availability. Results suggested that, in years with above-average rainfall, nitrogen availability was more limiting to organic corn yield than weed competition, but that, in years with below-average rainfall, weed competition was more limiting than nitrogen availability. C1 [Teasdale, John R.; Cavigelli, Michel A.] USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Room 245,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM john.teasdale@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD APR-JUN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 445 EP 453 DI 10.1051/agro/2009048 PG 9 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 584RI UT WOS:000276769800015 ER PT J AU Zhao, D Wright, DL Marois, JJ Mackowiak, CL Brennan, M AF Zhao, Duli Wright, David L. Marois, James J. Mackowiak, Cheryl L. Brennan, Meghan TI Improved growth and nutrient status of an oat cover crop in sod-based versus conventional peanut-cotton rotations SO AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE bahiagrass; crop rotation; oat biomass; nitrogen uptake; soil quality; sustainability ID BIOMASS PRODUCTION; NITROGEN STATUS; ORGANIC-CARBON; SOIL; SYSTEMS; TILLAGE; CORN; INFILTRATION; DROUGHT; QUALITY AB Nitrogen (N) leaching from agricultural soils is a major concern in the southeastern USA. A winter cover crop following the summer crop rotation is essential for controlling N leaching and soil run-off, thereby improving sustainable development. Rotation of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) (i.e. sod-based rotation) can greatly improve soil health and increase crop yields and profitability. In the sod-based rotation, the winter cover crop is an important component. The objective of this study was to determine effects of summer crops, cotton and peanut, on growth and physiology of a subsequent oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop in both a conventional (Peanut-Cotton-Cotton) and sod-based (Bahiagrass-Bahiagrass-Peanut-Cotton) rotations. Two rotations with an oat cover crop were established in 2000. In the 2006-07 and 2007-08 growing seasons, oat plant height, leaf chlorophyll and sap NO(3)-N concentrations, shoot biomass, and N uptake were determined. Our results showed that the previous summer crop in the two rotations significantly influenced oat growth and physiology. Oat grown in the sod-based rotation had greater biomass, leaf chlorophyll and NO(3)-N concentrations as compared with oat grown in the conventional rotation. At pre-heading stage, oat in the sod-based rotation had 44% greater biomass and 32% higher N uptake than oat in the conventional rotation; oat following peanut produced 40 to 49% more biomass and accumulated 27 to 66% more N than oat following cotton. Therefore, the sod-based rotation improved not only summer crops, but also the winter cover crop. Increased oat growth and N status from the sod-based rotation indicated greater soil quality and sustainability. C1 [Zhao, Duli] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Wright, David L.; Marois, James J.; Mackowiak, Cheryl L.] Univ Florida, IFAS N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. [Brennan, Meghan] Univ Florida, IFAS Stat Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zhao, D (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441 N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM duli.zhao@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Special Research Grants and Northwest Florida Water Management District FX This research was supported in part by cooperative research agreements with USDA Special Research Grants and Northwest Florida Water Management District. We thank Brian Kidd, Maynard Douglas, and all other support staff at the North Florida Research and Education Center for their excellent field work and technical assistance. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 1774-0746 J9 AGRON SUSTAIN DEV JI Agron. Sustain. Dev. PD APR-JUN PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 497 EP 504 DI 10.1051/agro/2009045 PG 8 WC Agronomy; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 584RI UT WOS:000276769800021 ER PT J AU Schafer, M Pettis, JS Ritter, W Neumann, P AF Schaefer, Marco Pettis, Jeff S. Ritter, Wolfgang Neumann, Peter TI Simple Small Hive Beetle Diagnosis SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AETHINA-TUMIDA C1 [Schaefer, Marco; Neumann, Peter] Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Pettis, Jeff S.] USDA ARS, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Ritter, Wolfgang] Inst Chem & Vet Res CVUA, Freiburg, Germany. [Neumann, Peter] Rhodes Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown, South Africa. RP Schafer, M (reprint author), Agroscope Liebefeld Posieux Res Stn ALP, Swiss Bee Res Ctr, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. EM marcoliver.schaefer@alp.admin.ch FU German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection through the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food FX We would like to thank Mike Embrey for providing access to his colonies and for logistical support. Special thanks to Anika Lowe and Nathan Rice, who helped in the field. Financial support was granted by the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection through the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 150 IS 4 BP 371 EP 372 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 577KF UT WOS:000276221200024 ER PT J AU Page, JH Ma, J Chiuve, SE Stampfer, MJ Selhub, J Manson, JE Rimm, EB AF Page, John H. Ma, Jing Chiuve, Stephanie E. Stampfer, Meir J. Selhub, Jacob Manson, JoAnn E. Rimm, Eric B. TI Plasma total cysteine and total homocysteine and risk of myocardial infarction in women: A prospective study SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CREATININE CLEARANCE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HEART-DISEASE; B-VITAMINS; FOLIC-ACID; METAANALYSIS; MORTALITY; EVENTS; SERUM AB Background Cysteine is a glutathione precursor, but is also a homocysteine byproduct. We prospectively evaluated relationships between fasting plasma concentrations of total cysteine and total homocysteine, and subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) in women. Methods Among 32,826 women who provided blood samples between 1989 and 1990, 239 were diagnosed with incident MI after blood collection, but before July 1998. Of these women, 144 had provided a postfast sample. We matched controls to cases 2: 1 by age, cigarette smoking status, and month and fasting status at the time of blood collection. We used conditional logistic regression to adjust for confounding. Results Fasting total cysteine was positively related to MI risk in matching factor-adjusted analyses (rate ratio [RR] for highest vs lowest quartile 3.50 [95% CI 1.44-8.52]). However, after controlling for conventional risk factors of MI, it was not independently associated with risk (RR for highest vs lowest quartile 1.32 [95% CI 0.42-4.12, P trend = .10]). Fasting homocysteine was positively associated with MI risk; the multivariable adjusted RR for the highest versus the lowest quartile was 3.37 (95% CI 1.30-8.70, P trend = .014). Conclusions Fasting plasma concentration of total homocysteine, but not total cysteine, was positively associated with MI risk. (Am Heart J 2010; 159: 599-604.) C1 [Page, John H.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Rimm, Eric B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Harvard, MA USA. [Page, John H.; Ma, Jing; Stampfer, Meir J.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Rimm, Eric B.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Harvard, MA USA. [Stampfer, Meir J.; Manson, JoAnn E.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med,Dept Med, Harvard, MA USA. [Chiuve, Stephanie E.; Stampfer, Meir J.; Selhub, Jacob; Rimm, Eric B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Harvard, MA USA. [Selhub, Jacob] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Harvard, MA USA. RP Page, JH (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM john_page@post.harvard.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA087969-12, P01 CA087969] NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD APR PY 2010 VL 159 IS 4 BP 599 EP 604 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.037 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 577ZC UT WOS:000276261600013 PM 20362718 ER PT J AU Sumner, DA Alston, JM Glauber, JW AF Sumner, Daniel A. Alston, Julian M. Glauber, Joseph W. TI EVOLUTION OF THE ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE agricultural policy; crop insurance; ever-normal granary; agricultural R&D policy; government stockholding; buffer stocks; farm commodity programs; history of economics ID CROP INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; RESEARCH EXPENDITURES; EFFICIENT REDISTRIBUTION; PRICE STABILIZATION; COMMODITY PROGRAMS; MORAL HAZARD; SOCIAL COSTS; HYBRID CORN; GOVERNMENT AB Agricultural economists helped develop farm programs to respond to the dire economic situation of the 1920s and 1930s. Some early authors appreciated that such policies created problems in markets for commodities and inputs. Over time, our understanding of agricultural issues and policies has deepened. Through the application of improved models and tools of analysis to more extensive data, we have developed better answers to old questions, and have responded to changing policy instruments, market contexts, and policy concerns. This article traces the evolution of our deepening economic understanding of the causes and consequences of agricultural policy. C1 [Sumner, Daniel A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alston, Julian M.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Wine Econ, Mondavi Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Alston, Julian M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Glauber, Joseph W.] USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 148 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 92 IS 2 SI SI BP 403 EP 423 DI 10.1093/ajae/aaq015 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 579TP UT WOS:000276398300005 ER PT J AU Unnevehr, L Eales, J Jensen, H Lusk, J McCluskey, J Kinsey, J AF Unnevehr, Laurian Eales, James Jensen, Helen Lusk, Jayson McCluskey, Jill Kinsey, Jean TI FOOD AND CONSUMER ECONOMICS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE food consumption; household economics; Household Equivalence Scale; agricultural demand; food assistance; food security; hedonic prices; information; nonmarket valuation ID EXPERIMENTAL AUCTION MARKETS; GENETICALLY-MODIFIED FOOD; IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM; STAMP PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; CONSUMPTION SURVEY; STRUCTURAL-CHANGE; INFORMATION; QUALITY; HEALTH AB Agricultural economists first carried out demand studies in order to understand determinants of farm prices and incomes. The shift to a focus on consumer welfare began with studies of the role of food and food assistance in standards of living. Now the profession is more concerned with how information and quality attributes influence consumer behavior. Agricultural economists' empirical work in this field has informed the development of household production theory, hedonic price theory, definitions of poverty thresholds, complete demand systems, and survey and experimental techniques to elicit preferences. C1 [Unnevehr, Laurian] USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Eales, James] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jensen, Helen] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lusk, Jayson] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [McCluskey, Jill] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Kinsey, Jean] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Unnevehr, L (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Jensen, Helen/0000-0001-6878-1729 NR 114 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 EI 1467-8276 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 92 IS 2 SI SI BP 506 EP 521 DI 10.1093/ajae/aaq007 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 579TP UT WOS:000276398300010 ER PT J AU Gray, TW AF Gray, Thomas W. TI La Via Campesina: Globalization and the Power of Peasants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gray, Thomas W.] USDA, Rural Dev Cooperat Programs, Washington, DC USA. RP Gray, TW (reprint author), USDA, Rural Dev Cooperat Programs, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD APR PY 2010 VL 92 IS 3 BP 902 EP 905 DI 10.1093/ajae/aap047 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 588VR UT WOS:000277103000025 ER PT J AU Gunn, BF Aradhya, M Salick, JM Miller, AJ Yang, YP Liu, L Hai, X AF Gunn, Bee F. Aradhya, Mallikarjuna Salick, Jan M. Miller, Allison J. Yang Yongping Liu Lin Hai Xian TI GENETIC VARIATION IN WALNUTS (JUGLANS REGIA AND J. SIGILLATA; JUGLANDACEAE): SPECIES DISTINCTIONS, HUMAN IMPACTS, AND THE CONSERVATION OF AGROBIODIVERSITY IN YUNNAN, CHINA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE agrobiodiversity; China; Juglandaceae; Juglans sigillata; Juglans regia; kinship; microsatellites; population genetics; Tibetan; walnuts; Yunnan ID MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SPONDIAS-PURPUREA; FRUIT TREE; DIVERSITY; POPULATION; DOMESTICATION; HETERODICHOGAMY; IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTION; TRAITS AB Walnuts are a major crop of many countries and mostly cultivated in large-scale plantations with few cultivars. Landraces provide important genetic reservoirs; thus, understanding factors influencing the geographic distribution of genetic variation in crop resources is a fundamental goal of agrobiodiversity conservation. Here, we investigated the role of human settlements and kinship on genetic variation and population structure of two walnut species: Juglans regia, an introduced species widely cultivated for its nuts, and J. sigillata, a native species cultivated locally in Yunnan. The objectives of this study were to characterize sympatric populations of J. regia and J. sigillata using 14 molecular markers and evaluate the role of Tibetan villages and kin groups (related households) on genotypic variation and population structure of J. regia and J. sigillata. Our results based on 220 walnut trees from six Tibetan villages show that although J. regia and J. sigillata are morphologically distinct, the two species are indistinguishable based on microsatellite data. Despite the lack of interspecific differences, AMOVAs partitioned among villages (5.41%, P = 0.0068) and kin groups within villages (3.34%, P = 0.0068) showed significant genetic variation. These findings suggest that village environments and familial relationships are factors contributing to the geographic structure of genetic variation in Tibetan walnuts. C1 [Gunn, Bee F.; Salick, Jan M.] Missouri Bot Garden, William L Brown Ctr, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. [Gunn, Bee F.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Div Evolut Ecol & Genet, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Aradhya, Mallikarjuna] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Miller, Allison J.] St Louis Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63101 USA. [Yang Yongping] CAS, Kunming Inst Bot, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Liu Lin; Hai Xian] Shangri La Alpine Bot Garden, Diqing Prefecture, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Gunn, BF (reprint author), Missouri Bot Garden, William L Brown Ctr, POB 299, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. EM bee.gunn@anu.edu.au FU Ford Foundation, China Program FX The authors thank the Tibetan families and people in the Khawa Karpo region, NW Yunnan, China for their prior informed consent, for participating in this research, and for their generous hospitality, the Kunming Institute of Botany, Yunnan for assistance with research and collecting permits, Mr. Fang, Director, Shangri-La Alpine Bot. Garden (SABG), Yunnan, for logistical help and transport, Mr. Li, SABG, for his excellent driving in the field, The Nature Conservancy China for assistance with permits and logistic support, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service at University of California-Davis, USA for microsatellite fingerprinting and analyses, J. Knouft, for assistance with environmental data, the Ford Foundation, China Program for providing the grant for In-situ Ethnobotany Capacity Building in NW Yunnan, China. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2010 VL 97 IS 4 BP 660 EP 671 DI 10.3732/ajb.0900114 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 575DF UT WOS:000276045500013 PM 21622428 ER PT J AU Gerrior, SA AF Gerrior, Shirley A. TI Nutrient profiling systems: are science and the consumer connected? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2009 Annual Meeting CY APR 21, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA AB The other articles in this supplement to the Journal presented the science behind 4 nutrient profiling systems currently available in the US marketplace that cross manufacturers and apply to multiple food categories and have considered their value as tools to promote positive behavior change in American consumers. This article discusses these nutrient profiling systems in terms of the consumer's understanding of science, familiarity with label messaging, and potential to facilitate healthy food decisions. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(suppl):1116S-7S. C1 Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Waterfront Ctr, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Gerrior, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Food & Agr, USDA, Waterfront Ctr, 800 9th St SW,Room 4467, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM sgerrior@nifa.usda.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2010 VL 91 IS 4 BP 1116S EP 1117S DI 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28450G PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 572BV UT WOS:000275802400042 PM 20130096 ER PT J AU Kiszonas, AM Bamberg, JB AF Kiszonas, Alecia M. Bamberg, John B. TI Survey of Tuber pH Variation in Potato (Solanum) Species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; PROCESSED POTATOES; PHENOLIC CONTENT; ORGANIC-ACIDS; AMINO-ACIDS; STORAGE; CULTIVARS; GERMPLASM; SPECTROMETRY AB Variation in tuber pH has been previously reported in cultivated potato and shown to be associated with economic traits. We here report a broad survey of potato germplasm for tuber pH, including wild Solanum species. Cultivar pH ranged from about 5.5 to 6.2, while six wild species were significantly lower. Solanum microdontum had the lowest pH average of the wild species examined at 5.17 with the lowest observed reading of 4.99. This species also exhibited a strong environmental effect, in which field tubers (5.28) were much lower than greenhouse tubers (5.63). Long storage generally did not have a significant effect on wild species tubers, except for S. jamesii, which reduced from 5.78 to 5.54. Various types of sampling were tested. Skins were generally lower than flesh, with a high correlation between the tissues. Samples that were frozen, cooked, or reconstituted from dried powder had different absolute pH values, but these were highly correlated, so germplasm would be ranked for pH similarly regardless of method. Although not tested here, physiological links between pH and economic traits like disease resistance, nutrition and tuber quality are plausible. If so, pH testing might serve as a rapid and inexpensive screening tool in breeding programs. The association of pH and useful traits might also provide clues for exploring underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms in potatoes. C1 [Kiszonas, Alecia M.; Bamberg, John B.] ARS, USDA, US Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM john.bamberg@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 87 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9120-0 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 573WK UT WOS:000275945800002 ER PT J AU Pantoja, A Hagerty, AM Emmert, SY AF Pantoja, Alberto Hagerty, Aaron M. Emmert, Susan Y. TI A Seasonal Survey of Click Beetles in a Potato Production Area Near Palmer, Alaska SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Click beetles; Elateridae; Potato; Alaska; Biodiversity; Traps ID PACIFIC COAST WIREWORM; ELATERIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB The seasonal activity of adult elaterids (Coleoptera: Elateridae) associated with potato production was studied in Palmer, Alaska (N61.60A degrees, W149.13A degrees) from May 13, 2004 to October 17, 2006. Additionally, the University of Alaska Museum (UAM) Insect Collection was inspected for the presence of adult elaterids collected in Alaska. Eight species from seven genera were collected from the field study: Ampedus nigrinus (Herbst), Corymbitodes lobatus (Eschscholtz), Hypnoidus abbreviatus (Say), Hypnoidus bicolor (Eschscholtz), Neohydonus spp., Pseudanostrius propolus (LeConte), Selatosomus morulus (LeConte), and Sericus incongruus (LeConte). The UAM collection contained 157 specimens representing 10 genera with 18 species. During our study, six of the 18 species present in the UAM were collected in the field, while two of the species collected during our field study, H. abbreviatus and Pseudanostrius propulus (LeConte) were not present at the UAM collection. Species collected during our study and present at the UAM include three of the six most economically important genera (Limonius, Ctenicera, and Hypnoidus) in terms of potato production in North America. Nearly all (97%) of the specimens collected from the field study were either H. abbreviatus (38%) or H. bicolor (59%). The relative counts of H. bicolor and H. abbreviatus varied by years; during 2004, H. abbreviatus was the dominant species (71%), but H. bicolor outnumbered (95%) H. abbreviatus during 2006. During 2004 and 2006, adult activity for both species started to build up during mid June, but was delayed until mid July during 2005. Both species showed adult activity until mid September. No adult activity was detected for any species during October of any of the years studied. C1 [Pantoja, Alberto; Hagerty, Aaron M.; Emmert, Susan Y.] ARS, USDA, Subarct Agr Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Pantoja, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subarct Agr Res Unit, POB 757200, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM alberto.pantoja@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 87 IS 2 BP 188 EP 194 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9125-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 573WK UT WOS:000275945800004 ER PT J AU Jansky, SH AF Jansky, Shelley H. TI Potato Flavor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Taste; Texture; Aroma; Potato breeding; Sensory evaluations ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; COOKED POTATOES; BAKED POTATOES; OFF-FLAVOR; VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; SENSORY QUALITY; GLYCOALKALOID CONTENT; TEXTURAL ANALYSIS; BOILED POTATOES; STORAGE AB The potato is one of the most popular vegetables worldwide and is the most important vegetable crop in the United States, accounting for nearly one-third of per-capita vegetable consumption. Potatoes can be prepared in many ways, including baking, boiling, roasting, frying, steaming, and microwaving, allowing for a diversity of uses. Most people find potatoes to be an agreeable food and very few actually dislike potatoes. Potato flavor results from the combination of taste, aroma, and texture. Flavor precursors synthesized by the plant are present in raw potatoes and consist mainly of sugars, amino acids, RNA, and lipids. Plant genotype, production environment and storage environment influence the levels of these compounds and the enzymes that react with them to produce flavor compounds. During cooking, flavor precursors react to produce the Maillard reaction compounds and the sugar, lipid and RNA degradation products that contribute to flavor. The identification of major flavor compounds is important for breeders to make gains in selection for enhanced flavor. C1 [Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jansky, Shelley H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jansky, SH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM shelley.jansky@ars.usda.gov NR 103 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 87 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s12230-010-9127-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 573WK UT WOS:000275945800006 ER PT J AU Bamberg, JB AF Bamberg, John B. TI Tuber Dormancy Lasting Eight Years in the Wild Potato Solanum jamesii SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE USPG = US Potato Genebank AB Control of tuber dormancy is of interest for commercial potato production and for germplasm preservation in the genebank. Solanum jamesii plants were collected by the author from the wild in New Mexico and Arizona, USA in 1998 and grown in the greenhouse. Tubers harvested in 1999 were placed in paper bags in a continuous 40A degrees F (5A degrees C) tuber storage cooler. No sprouting was observed through fall of 2007 but some tubers had shriveled. Firm tubers were moved to room temperature and planted in the greenhouse in January 2008. After 3 months, an average of nearly 50% of tubers had sprouted and produced normal plants. This extreme 8 year tuber dormancy in S. jamesii should be a valuable research tool for study of dormancy physiology in potato. C1 ARS, USDA, Potato Genebank, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Potato Genebank, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. EM John.Bamberg@ars.usda.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 87 IS 2 BP 226 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s12230-009-9124-9 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 573WK UT WOS:000275945800008 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Carroll, DS Olson, VA Hughes, C Galley, J Likos, A Montgomery, JM Suu-Ire, R Kwasi, MO Root, JJ Braden, Z Abel, J Clemmons, C Regnery, R Karem, K Damon, IK AF Reynolds, Mary G. Carroll, Darin S. Olson, Victoria A. Hughes, Christine Galley, Jack Likos, Anna Montgomery, Joel M. Suu-Ire, Richard Kwasi, Mubarak O. Root, J. Jeffrey Braden, Zach Abel, Jason Clemmons, Cody Regnery, Russell Karem, Kevin Damon, Inger K. TI A Silent Enzootic of an Orthopoxvirus in Ghana, West Africa: Evidence for Multi-Species Involvement in the Absence of Widespread Human Disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONKEYPOX; VIRUS; SMALLPOX; OUTBREAK; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; POXVIRUS; IMMUNITY; CONGO AB Human monkeypox has never been reported in Ghana, but rodents captured in forested areas of southern Ghana were the source of the monkeypox virus introduced into the United States in 2003. Subsequent to the outbreak in the United States, 204 animals were collected from two commercial trapping sites in Ghana. Animal tissues were examined for the presence of orthopoxvirus (OPXV) DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction, and sera were assayed for antibodies against OPXV. Animals from five genera (Cricetomys, Graphiurus, Funiscirus, and Heliosciurus) had antibodies against OPXV, and three genera (Cricetomys, Graphiurus, and Xerus) had evidence of OPXV DNA in tissues. Additionally, 172 persons living near the trapping sites were interviewed regarding risk factors for OPXV exposure, and their sera were analyzed. Fifty-three percent had IgG against OPXV; none had IgM. Our findings suggest that several species of forest-dwelling rodents from Ghana are susceptible to naturally occurring OPXV infection, and that persons living near forests may have low-level or indirect exposure to OPXV-infected animals, possibly resulting in sub-clinical infections. C1 [Reynolds, Mary G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ghana Minist Hlth, Ghana Hlth Serv, Accra, Ghana. Forestry Commiss, Wildlife Div, Accra, Ghana. Univ Ghana, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Virol, Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; government of the Republic of Ghana FX This study was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with participation from U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service and the government of the Republic of Ghana. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 BP 746 EP 754 DI 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0716 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 577JR UT WOS:000276219700041 PM 20348530 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Green, BT Gardner, DR Cook, D Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Panter, KE Davis, TZ AF Welch, Kevin D. Green, Benedict T. Gardner, Dale R. Cook, Daniel Pfister, James A. Stegelmeier, Bryan L. Panter, Kip E. Davis, T. Zane TI Influence of 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine-type alkaloids on the toxic effects associated with ingestion of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp) in cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS; BARBEYI; METHYLLYCACONITINE; SPP. AB Objective-To determine the contribution of 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL)-type alkaloids to the toxic effects of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp) consumption in cattle. Animals-Sixteen 2-year-old Angus steers. Procedures-Plant material from 3 populations of tall larkspur that contained different concentration ratios of MDL-type-to-N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids was collected, dried, and finely ground. For each plant population, a dose of ground plant material that would elicit similar clinical signs of toxicosis in cattle after oral administration was determined on the basis of the plants' MSAL-type alkaloid concentration. Cattle were treated via oral gavage with single doses of ground plant material from each of the 3 populations of tall larkspur; each animal underwent 1 to 3 single-dose treatments (>= 21-day interval between treatments). Heart rate was recorded immediately before (baseline) and 24 hours after each larkspur treatment. Results-Tall larkspur populations with a lower MDL-type-to-MSAL-type alkaloid concentration ratio required a greater amount of MSAL-type alkaloids to cause the expected clinical signs of toxicosis (including increased heart rate) in cattle. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that the typically less toxic MDL type alkaloids contributed in a significant manner to the toxic effects of tall larkspur in steers. Consequently, both the concentration of MSAL-type alkaloids and the total concentration of MSAL- and MDL-type alkaloids should be determined when assessing the relative toxicity of tall larkspur populations. These results provide valuable information to determine the risk of toxicosis in cattle grazing on tall larkspur-infested rangelands. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:487-492) C1 [Welch, Kevin D.; Green, Benedict T.; Gardner, Dale R.; Cook, Daniel; Pfister, James A.; Stegelmeier, Bryan L.; Panter, Kip E.; Davis, T. Zane] USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Welch, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. EM kevin.welch@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service FX Supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2010 VL 71 IS 4 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.2460/ajvr.71.4.487 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 575FN UT WOS:000276052400015 PM 20367059 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, GE Kutschbach-Brohl, L Washburn, BE Chipman, RB Francoeur, LC AF Bernhardt, Glen E. Kutschbach-Brohl, Lisa Washburn, Brian E. Chipman, Richard B. Francoeur, Laura C. TI Temporal Variation in Terrestrial Invertebrate Consumption by Laughing Gulls in New York SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL-AIRPORT; LARUS-ATRICILLA; SITE SELECTION; NEW-JERSEY; DIET; BEHAVIOR; PREY; MANAGEMENT; DIGESTION; HABITAT AB Laughing gulls (Larus atricilla) are commonly found in many areas of North America and little is known about their diet, particularly in coastal-urban interfaces where gull-aircraft collisions can be a serious concern. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the consumption of terrestrial invertebrates by laughing gulls at a coastal-urban interface in the northeastern United States. We examined the stomach contents of laughing gulls (n = 1053) collected during wildlife damage management operations at John F. Kennedy International Airport during the summers of 2003 and 2004. Terrestrial invertebrates consumed by laughing gulls represented 2 taxonomic phyla, 4 classes, 15 orders and 40 families. Beetles (Coleoptera) and ants (Hymenoptera) were the most common terrestrial invertebrates consumed by laughing gulls. We found evidence of temporal (i.e., monthly) variation in the frequency of occurrence of terrestrial insects in laughing gull diets. Laughing gull gender and age did not influence the frequency of occurrence of terrestrial insects in gull diets. Terrestrial environments (e.g., areas of turfgrass) appear to provide important foraging locations and food resources for laughing gulls in coastal-urban areas. This information is important for developing effective management approaches to reduce human-gull conflicts, such as gull-aircraft collisions at coastal airports. C1 [Bernhardt, Glen E.; Kutschbach-Brohl, Lisa; Washburn, Brian E.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Chipman, Richard B.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. [Francoeur, Laura C.] John F Kennedy Int Airport, Port Author New York & New Jersey, Jamaica, NY 11430 USA. RP Bernhardt, GE (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM brian.e.washburn@aphis.usda.gov FU Port Authority of New York and New Jersey; USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services FX Funding and support for this project was provided by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services. We thank the John E. Kennedy International Airport Operations staff, especially S. Nowak, for logistical assistance and the professional wildlife biologists from USDA-APHIS Wildlife Services, especially D. Slater, for securing bird specimens for this study. D. Helon, J. Dierker and S. Brent provided assistance during necropsy. We thank B. Blackwell, T. DeVault, T. Seamans, and 2 anonymous reviewers for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The National Wildlife Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved procedures involving laughing gulls in this study (QA-1057). NR 48 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2010 VL 163 IS 2 BP 442 EP 454 DI 10.1674/0003-0031-163.2.442 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 575ET UT WOS:000276050400016 ER PT J AU Mohapatra, S Minocha, R Long, S Minocha, SC AF Mohapatra, Sridev Minocha, Rakesh Long, Stephanie Minocha, Subhash C. TI Transgenic manipulation of a single polyamine in poplar cells affects the accumulation of all amino acids SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE Genetic manipulation; Polyamines; Ornithine decarboxylase; Poplar ID STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES; GENETIC MANIPULATION; NITROGEN ASSIMILATION; PROLINE ACCUMULATION; SIMULTANEOUS DROUGHT; PLANTS; METABOLISM; BIOSYNTHESIS; MODULATION; CATABOLISM AB The polyamine metabolic pathway is intricately connected to metabolism of several amino acids. While ornithine and arginine are direct precursors of putrescine, they themselves are synthesized from glutamate in multiple steps involving several enzymes. Additionally, glutamate is an amino group donor for several other amino acids and acts as a substrate for biosynthesis of proline and gamma-aminobutyric acid, metabolites that play important roles in plant development and stress response. Suspension cultures of poplar (Populus nigra x maximowiczii), transformed with a constitutively expressing mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene, were used to study the effect of up-regulation of putrescine biosynthesis (and concomitantly its enhanced catabolism) on cellular contents of various protein and non-protein amino acids. It was observed that up-regulation of putrescine metabolism affected the steady state concentrations of most amino acids in the cells. While there was a decrease in the cellular contents of glutamine, glutamate, ornithine, arginine, histidine, serine, glycine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, aspartate, lysine, leucine and methionine, an increase was seen in the contents of alanine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. An overall increase in percent cellular nitrogen and carbon content was also observed in high putrescine metabolizing cells compared to control cells. It is concluded that genetic manipulation of putrescine biosynthesis affecting ornithine consumption caused a major change in the entire ornithine biosynthetic pathway and had pleiotropic effects on other amino acids and total cellular carbon and nitrogen, as well. We suggest that ornithine plays a key role in regulating this pathway. C1 [Mohapatra, Sridev; Minocha, Subhash C.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Minocha, Rakesh; Long, Stephanie] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, SC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM sminocha@unh.edu FU USDA-NRI [2002-35318-12674]; NH Agricultural Experiment Station; US Forest Service, Northern Research Station FX This work was partially supported by the USDA-NRI award No. 2002-35318-12674, the NH Agricultural Experiment Station, and the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station. The authors would like to thank Jane Hislop, US Forest Service for help in analysis of total C and total N. NR 47 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PD APR PY 2010 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1117 EP 1129 DI 10.1007/s00726-009-0322-z PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 580CA UT WOS:000276423300017 PM 19649694 ER PT J AU Cook, KL Rothrock, MJ Lovanh, N Sorrell, JK Loughrin, JH AF Cook, Kimberly L. Rothrock, Michael J., Jr. Lovanh, Nanh Sorrell, John K. Loughrin, John H. TI Spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community in an anaerobic swine waste treatment lagoon SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Waste treatment; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); Lagoon; Odor; Swine ID MANURE STORAGE PITS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITY; 16S RDNA; ODOROUS COMPOUNDS; FECAL POLLUTION; PIGGERY WASTES; PIG SLURRY; GEN. NOV.; PCR; POPULATIONS AB Microorganisms are central to both the beneficial (organic degradation, nutrient removal, biogas production) and detrimental (odor production, pathogen contamination) effects of swine waste storage systems. In this study, both quantitative (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and qualitative (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, cloning, sequence analysis) molecular analyses were used to track spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community of swine slurry from a 0.4 ha anaerobic lagoon. The lagoon, located in a region of western Kentucky which has a humid, subtropical environment, was sampled on a monthly basis (n = 10) over a period of one year at four different depths (top, 51 cm from the top, 152 cm from the top, and bottom >198 cm). The concentration and diversity of Bacteroides sp. was seasonal (up to 90% decrease between March and June). Hespellia sp. and other clostridial species, on the other hand, were endemic in the slurry (concentrations up to 1.0 x 10(7) cells mL slurry) regardless of time of the year or lagoon depth. Results suggest that there were seasonal effects on the microbial community in the swine lagoon, while the effect of depth was not as pronounced. Seasonal changes in the microbial community in stored wastes may be (directly or indirectly) correlated with changes in malodor emissions from lagoons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cook, Kimberly L.; Rothrock, Michael J., Jr.; Lovanh, Nanh; Loughrin, John H.] ARS, USDA, AWMRU, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. [Sorrell, John K.] Western Kentucky Univ, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. RP Cook, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, AWMRU, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104 USA. EM kim.cook@ars.usda.gov; michael.rothrock@ars.usda.gov; nanh.lovanh@ars.usda.gov; john.sorrell@wku.edu; john.loughrin@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.06.003 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 597CW UT WOS:000277734600003 PM 19539043 ER PT J AU Welkie, DG Stevenson, DM Weimer, PJ AF Welkie, David G. Stevenson, David M. Weimer, Paul J. TI ARISA analysis of ruminal bacterial community dynamics in lactating dairy cows during the feeding cycle SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE ARISA; Bacterial community composition; Bovine; Dairy; Rumen ID INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ANALYSIS REVEALS; DGGE ANALYSIS; BOVINE RUMEN AB The bovine rumen undergoes substantial changes in environmental conditions during the animal's feeding cycle, but the effects of these changes on microbial populations have not been examined systematically. Two dairy cows fed a mixed forage/concentrate ration at 12 h intervals over 4 feeding cycles displayed substantial changes in ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) of solid- and liquid-associated bacterial populations in samples collected at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 h after feeding revealed a high degree of bacterial diversity. A total of 155 different amplicon lengths (ALs) were detected across all 83 samples, and 11-74 detected per sample. A substantial proportion (11%) of the ALs was detected in one cow but not in the other. The proportions of ALs that were detected only in the liquid phase or the solid phase were 13.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Correspondence analysis indicated that bacterial community composition differed between cows and between solid or liquid phases, but overall the solid-associated population displayed less change in composition within and across feeding cycles. The data support the notion that cows fed the same diets can have substantial differences in bacterial community composition, and that the solids-associated (biofilm) communities display greater stability than do associated planktonic communities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stevenson, David M.; Weimer, Paul J.] ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Welkie, David G.; Weimer, Paul J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM paul.weimer@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.07.002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 597CW UT WOS:000277734600005 PM 19615457 ER PT J AU Oliver, CE Beier, RC Hume, ME Horrocks, SM Casey, TA Caton, JS Nisbet, DJ Smith, DJ Krueger, NA Anderson, RC AF Oliver, Christy E. Beier, Ross C. Hume, Michael E. Horrocks, Shane M. Casey, Thomas A. Caton, Joel S. Nisbet, David J. Smith, David J. Krueger, Nathan A. Anderson, Robin C. TI Effect of chlorate, molybdate, and shikimic acid on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in aerobic and anaerobic cultures SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Chlorate; Membrane bound nitrate reductase; Molybdate; Shikimic acid; Salmonella ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; NITRATE REDUCTASE; SODIUM-CHLORATE; INFECTIONS; METABOLISM; MUTANTS; RESPIRATION; TRANSPORT; FOODNET; GROWTH AB Experiments were conducted to determine factors that affect sensitivity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to sodium chlorate (5 mM). In our first experiment, cultures grown without chlorate grew more rapidly than those with chlorate. An extended lag before logarithmic growth was observed in anaerobic but not aerobic cultures containing chlorate. Chlorate inhibition of growth during aerobic culture began later than that observed in anaerobic cultures but persisted once inhibition was apparent. Conversely, anaerobic cultures appeared to adapt to chlorate after approximately 10 h of incubation, exhibiting rapid compensatory growth. In anaerobic chlorate-containing cultures, 20% of total viable counts were resistant to chlorate by 6 h and had propagated to 100% resistance (>10(9) CFU mL(-1)) by 24 h. In the aerobic chlorate-containing cultures, 12.9% of colonies had detectable resistance to chlorate by 6 h, but only 1% retained detectable resistance at 24 h, likely because these cultures had opportunity to respire on oxygen and were thus not enriched via the selective pressure of chlorate. In another study, treatment with shikimic acid (0.34 mM), molybdate (1 mM) or their combination had little effect on aerobic or anaerobic growth of Salmonella in the absence of added chlorate. As observed in our earlier study, chlorate resistance was not detected in any cultures without added chlorate. Chlorate resistant Salmonella were recovered at equivalent numbers regardless of treatment after 8 h of aerobic or anaerobic culture with added chlorate; however, by 24 h incubation chlorate sensitivity was completely restored to aerobic but not anaerobic cultures treated with shikimic acid or molybdate but not their combination. Results indicate that anaerobic adaptation of S. Typhimurium to sodium chlorate during pure culture is likely due to the selective propagation of low numbers of cells exhibiting spontaneous resistance to chlorate and this resistance is not reversible by molybdenum supplementation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Beier, Ross C.; Hume, Michael E.; Horrocks, Shane M.; Nisbet, David J.; Krueger, Nathan A.; Anderson, Robin C.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Oliver, Christy E.; Caton, Joel S.] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Casey, Thomas A.] ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Smith, David J.] ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM robin.anderson@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.05.006 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 597CW UT WOS:000277734600007 PM 19524056 ER PT J AU Hao, YB Senn, T Opp, JS Young, VB Thiele, T Srinivas, G Huang, SK Aronoff, DM AF Hao, Yibai Senn, Tennille Opp, Judy S. Young, Vincent B. Thiele, Teri Srinivas, Geetha Huang, Steven K. Aronoff, David M. TI Lethal toxin is a critical determinant of rapid mortality in rodent models of Clostridium sordellii endometritis SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium infection; Endometritis; Toxic shock syndrome; Reproductive tract infections; Anaerobes ID BLACK-TAR HEROIN; SHOCK-SYNDROME; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; CROSS-REACTIVITY; INFECTION; PURIFICATION; POSTPARTUM; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERFRINGENS AB The toxigenic anaerobe Clostridium sordellii is an uncommon but highly lethal cause of human infection and toxic shock syndrome, yet few studies have addressed its pathogenetic mechanisms. To better characterize the microbial determinants of rapid death from infection both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to compare a clinical strain of C. sordellii (DA-108), isolated from a patient who survived a disseminated infection unaccompanied by toxic shock syndrome, to a virulent reference strain (ATCC9714). Rodent models of endometrial and peritoneal infection with C sordellii ATCC9714 were rapidly lethal, while infections with DA-108 were not. Extensive genetic and functional comparisons of virulence factor and toxin expression between these two bacterial strains yielded many similarities, with the noted exception that strain DA-108 lacked the tcsL gene, which encodes the large clostridial glucosyltransferase enzyme lethal toxin (TcsL). The targeted removal by immunoprecipitation of TcsL protected animals from death following injection of crude culture supernatants from strain ATCC9714. Injections of a monoclonal anti-TcsL IgG protected animals from death during C. sordellii ATCC9714 infection, suggesting that such an approach might improve the treatment of patients with C. sordellii-induced toxic shock syndrome. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hao, Yibai; Senn, Tennille; Opp, Judy S.; Young, Vincent B.; Aronoff, David M.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Thiele, Teri; Srinivas, Geetha] Ctr Vet Biol, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Huang, Steven K.] Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Aronoff, DM (reprint author), 4618-C Med Sci Bldg 2,1150W Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM daronoff@umich.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HD057176]; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation FX This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant HD057176 (D.M.A.). The non-animal research was supported by a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award (D.M.A.). NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2010 VL 16 IS 2 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.06.002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 597CW UT WOS:000277734600014 PM 19527792 ER PT J AU Fagerquist, CK Garbus, BR Miller, WG Williams, KE Yee, E Bates, AH Boyle, S Harden, LA Cooley, MB Mandrell, RE AF Fagerquist, Clifton K. Garbus, Brandon R. Miller, William G. Williams, Katherine E. Yee, Emma Bates, Anna H. Boyle, Siobhan Harden, Leslie A. Cooley, Michael B. Mandrell, Robert E. TI Rapid Identification of Protein Biomarkers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Top-Down Proteomics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION; INTACT MICROORGANISMS; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; CAMPYLOBACTER-UPSALIENSIS; COLI O157-H7; C-HELVETICUS; WHOLE CELLS; AMINO-ACID; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; SEQUENCE AB Six protein biomarkers from two strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and one non-O157:H7, nonpathogenic strain of E. coli have been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF TOF-MS/MS) and top-down proteomics. Proteins were extracted from bacterial cell lysates, ionized by MALDI, and analyzed by MS/MS. Protein biomarker ions were identified from their sequence-specific fragment ions by comparison to a database of in silico fragment ions derived from bacterial protein sequences. Web-based software, developed in-house, was used to rapidly compare the mass-to-charge (m/z) of MS/MS fragment ions to the m/z of in silico fragment ions derived from hundreds of bacterial protein sequences. A peak matching algorithm and a p-value algorithm were used to independently score and rank identifications on the basis of the number of MS/MS-in silico matches. The six proteins identified were the acid stress chaperone-like proteins, HdeA and HdeB; the cold shock protein, CspC; the YbgS (or homeobox protein); the putative stress-response protein YjbJ (or CsbD family protein); and a protein of unknown function, YahO. HdeA, HdeB, YbgS, and YahO proteins were found to be modified post-translationally with removal of an N-terminal signal peptide. Gene sequencing of hdeA, hdeB, cspC, ybgS, yahO, and yjbJ for 11 strains of E. coli O157:H7 and 7 strains of the "near-neighbor" serotype O55:H7 revealed a high degree sequence homology between these two serotypes. Although it was not possible to distinguish O157:H7 from O55:H7 from these six biomarkers, it was possible to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 from a nonpathogenic E. coli by top-down proteomics of the YahO and YbgS. In the case of the YahO protein, a single amino acid residue substitution in its sequence (resulting in a molecular weight difference of only 1 Da) was sufficient to distinguish E. coli O157:H7 from a non-O157:H7, non-pathogenic E. coli by MALDI-TOF TOF-MS/MS, whereas this would be difficult to distinguish by MALDI-TOF-MS. Finally, a protein biomarker ion at m/z similar to 9060 observed in the MS spectra of non-O157:H7 E. coli strains but absent from MS spectra of E. coli O157:H7 strains was identified by top-down analysis to be the HdeB acid stress chaperone-like protein consistent with previous identifications by gene sequencing and bottom-up proteomics. C1 [Fagerquist, Clifton K.; Garbus, Brandon R.; Miller, William G.; Yee, Emma; Bates, Anna H.; Boyle, Siobhan; Harden, Leslie A.; Cooley, Michael B.; Mandrell, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Williams, Katherine E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Fagerquist, CK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM clifton.fagerquist@ars.usda.gov FU Applied Biosystems FX The mention of a brand or firm name does not constitute an endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other of a similar nature not mentioned. We wish to thank Peter Hojrup at Lighthouse for modifying his existing GPMAW software and providing it to us as a beta-version. We also wish to thank Christine Hoogland at Bioinformatics Institute of Switzerland for her assistance. We also wish to thank Linda C. Whitehand for statistical discussions. We gratefully acknowledge the support of Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA) for access to their 4800 TOF-TOF mass spectrometer for these experiments. NR 53 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 BP 2717 EP 2725 DI 10.1021/ac902455d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 574PM UT WOS:000276004000020 PM 20232878 ER PT J AU Price, NPJ Bowman, MJ Le Gall, S Berhow, MA Kendra, DF Lerouge, P AF Price, Neil P. J. Bowman, Michael J. Le Gall, Sophie Berhow, Mark A. Kendra, David F. Lerouge, Patrice TI Functionalized C-Glycoside Ketohydrazones: Carbohydrate Derivatives that Retain the Ring Integrity of the Terminal Reducing Sugar SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; ONE-STEP; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIZATION; GLYCOMICS; GLYCOBIOLOGY; GLYCANS; IMMOBILIZATION AB Glycosylation often mediates important biological processes through the interaction of carbohydrates with complementary proteins. Most chemical tools for the functional analysis of glycans are highly dependent upon various linkage chemistries that involve the reducing terminus of carbohydrates. However, because of ring opening, the structural integrity of the reducing sugar ring (pyranose or furanose) is lost during these techniques, resulting in derivatized carboydrates that markedly differ from the parent molecule. This paper describes a new aqueous-based, one-pot strategy that involves first converting the sugar to a C-glycoside ketone, followed by conversion to ketohydrazones or oximes. Hence, the C-glycoside ketones are tagged with fluorescence, colored, cationic or biotin-labeled groups or immobilized onto hydrazine-functionalized beads. No activating or protecting groups are required, and the chemistry is mild enough for a wide range of carbohydrates. We demonstrate the versatility of the approach to diverse glycans, including bead immobilization and lectin analysis of acarbose, an antidiabetic drug, to dabsyl-tagged enzyme substrates to screen cellulases, and for the analysis of plant cell wall hemicellulosics. C1 [Price, Neil P. J.; Bowman, Michael J.; Berhow, Mark A.; Kendra, David F.] USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Le Gall, Sophie; Lerouge, Patrice] Univ Rouen, IFRMP 23, EA 4358, Lab Glycobiol & Matrice Extracellulaire Vegetale, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France. RP Price, NPJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM neil.price@ars.usda.gov FU University of Rouen FX The authors declare no competing financial interests. We thank Trina Hartman and Amber Anderson for technical assistance, Dr. Fred Hagen (U. of Rochester, NY) for discussion, and Dr. Jim Kenar (NCAUR, Peoria) for the synthesis of several unavailable beta-ketones. P.L. thanks the University of Rouen for financial support. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this Article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 BP 2893 EP 2899 DI 10.1021/ac902894u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 574PM UT WOS:000276004000042 PM 20192186 ER PT J AU Mousel, MR White, SN Herrmann-Hoesing, LM AF Mousel, M. R. White, S. N. Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M. TI Association analysis of a CCR5 variant with ewe lifetime production in three breeds of sheep SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS C1 [Mousel, M. R.] ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. [White, S. N.; Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis & Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mousel, MR (reprint author), ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. EM Michelle.Mousel@ars.usda.gov OI White, Stephen N./0000-0001-9255-6054; Mousel, Michelle/0000-0003-1367-7005 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2010 VL 41 IS 2 BP 222 EP 223 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01979.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 564HT UT WOS:000275204600016 PM 19839985 ER PT J AU Purdy, PH Moce, E Stobart, R Murdoch, WJ Moss, GE Larson, B Ramsey, S Graham, JK Blackburn, HD AF Purdy, Phillip H. Moce, Eva Stobart, Robert Murdoch, William J. Moss, Gary E. Larson, Brent Ramsey, Shawn Graham, James K. Blackburn, Harvey D. TI The fertility of ram sperm held for 24 h at 5 degrees C prior to cryopreservation SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fertility; Holding time; Ram; Sperm; Artificial insemination ID POSTTHAW MOTILITY; PREGNANCY RATES; SPERMATOZOA; FROZEN; INSEMINATION; SEMEN; FRESH; CRYOSURVIVAL; 5-DEGREES-C; SURVIVAL AB Diluted ram sperm can be held for 24 h at 5 degrees C prior to cryopreservation without impacting cryosurvival rates, however, the effects this storage has on subsequent fertility are unknown. These studies were conducted to evaluate the fertility of semen held for 24 h (to mimic shipping semen to a cryopreservation center), prior to freezing. Semen from Suffolk rams (n = 3 in experiment 1 and n = 6 in experiment 2) with initial motility of greater than 70%, were diluted to 200 x 10(6) sperm/mL, in one step, with a Tris-egg yolk-glycerol diluent. In experiment 1, diluted samples were cooled to 5 degrees C over 2 h, and then divided. Sperm in one fraction were loaded into 0.5 mL straws, frozen (TO) and stored in liquid nitrogen until thawing. Sperm in the second fraction were held at 5 degrees C for 24 h (T24) before being frozen. In experiment 2 ejaculates were collected and divided into two fractions. Sperm in one fraction were treated with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) and sperm in the other served as control. Both fractions were diluted, cooled, and cryopreserved as described in experiment 1. Stage of the estrous cycle was synchronized in ewes (n = 196) using controlled internal drug releasing devices (CIDR) for 12 d and at CIDR removal each ewe was administered PMSG (500 IU in experiment I and 350 IU in experiment 2) immediately before insemination. Ewes were stratified by age and randomly assigned to one of the semen treatments; experiment 1: Fresh (F), TO, or T-24; experiment 2: F, T24, or CLC, and inseminated laparoscopically 56 In after CIDR removal. Differences in fertility were detected between experiments, but not for treatments within experiments. Differences in fertility were also observed due to ewe age, with the 3-year-old ewes having the greatest fertility (50.7%) and 6-year-old ewes having the least fertility (9.6%; P < 0.05). Differences in the prolificacy rates due to semen treatment were also observed but differences due to ewe age were not detected. Therefore, sperm can be held at 5 degrees C for 24 h prior to cryopreservation without altering sperm fertility. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Purdy, Phillip H.; Blackburn, Harvey D.] ARS, USDA, NCGRP, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Moce, Eva] Ctr Tecnol Anim IVIA CITA, Inst Valenciano Invest Agr, Segorbe 12400, Castellon, Spain. [Stobart, Robert; Murdoch, William J.; Moss, Gary E.; Larson, Brent] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Ramsey, Shawn] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Graham, James K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Purdy, PH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCGRP, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM phil.purdy@ars.usda.gov RI Moce, Eva/C-1794-2014 OI Moce, Eva/0000-0003-2895-663X FU Secretaria de Estado de Educacion y Universidades y Fondo Social Europeo [EX 2003-1028] FX The technical assistance with the artificial insemination and animal handling by, J.D. Sexton, Doug Predmore, Dave Moore, Laura McCormick, Carrie Welsh, Scott Spiller and Glen Erickson is gratefully acknowledged. Eva Moce was supported by a post-doctoral scholarship from Secretaria de Estado de Educacion y Universidades y Fondo Social Europeo (Ref. EX 2003-1028). NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 118 IS 2-4 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.06.014 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 558QC UT WOS:000274758600019 PM 19616390 ER PT J AU Moce, E Purdy, PH Graham, JK AF Moce, Eva Purdy, Phillip H. Graham, James K. TI Treating ram sperm with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins improves cryosurvival SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cryopreservation; Semen; Sheep; Freezing; Sperm analysis ID INTRACELLULAR ICE FORMATION; COLD-SHOCK; LIPID-COMPOSITION; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; MAMMALIAN SPERMATOZOA; STALLION SPERMATOZOA; BETA-CYCLODEXTRINS; OSMOTIC TOLERANCE; BULL SPERMATOZOA; PHASE-BEHAVIOR AB Acceptable fertility using cryopreserved ram sperm is currently only achieved using laparoscopic intrauterine insemination. Improving the cryosurvival of ram sperm may permit greater fertility rates using more practical techniques. This study was conducted to determine if treating ram sperm with six different cyclodextrins pre-loaded with cholesterol (CLC), prior to cryopreservation increases sperm cryosurvival and if this technology can be used with neat semen. Subsequent experiments evaluated how adding CLC to sperm affected sperm cholesterol content, sperm osmotic tolerance limits. sperm post-thaw survival after incubation and the capacity of sperm to bind to zona pellucidae of cattle and sheep oocytes. Sperm treated with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin prior to cryopreservation exhibited greater percentages of motile sperm (62%) compared to the control (no CLC treatment) samples (43%, P < 0.05), after thawing. In addition, samples treated with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin exhibited percentages of motile and viable sperm similar to samples treated with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Other CLC-treated samples were similar to the control. The CLC concentration that optimized sperm cryosurvival was 2 mg CLC/120 x 106 sperm for both methyl-beta- and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin when added to neat semen prior to cryopreservation. Addition of 2 mg CLC not only maintained greater percentages of motile sperm compared to the control samples, but maintained greater percentages of motile sperm during a 3 h incubation after thawing. in addition. 2-hydroxypropyi-beta-cycloclextrin pre-loaded with cholesterol maintained greater percentages of viable sperm (33%), than control sperm (18%; P<0.05). Treating ram sperm with CLC increased the sperm cholesterol content>1.9-fold and although some cholesterol was lost from the sperm during cooling and cryopreservation, the cholesterol content remained greater in CLC-treated sperm after cooling and after thawing than in control sperm (P < 0.05). In addition, CLC-treated sperm maintained greater percentages of motile sperm through a wide range of osmotic solutions (150 and 425 mOsm) while control sperm lost motility in solutions outside a more narrow range (270 to 370 mOsm). Greater numbers of CLC-treated sperm bound to zona pellucida than control sperm (P < 0.05), although number of sperm binding cattle and sheep oocytes, was similar (P>0.05). In conclusion. treating ram sperm with CLC increases sperm cryosurvival rates and sperm longevity after thawing. It also increases the cholesterol content, osmotic tolerance, and zona-binding capabilities of sperm. Finally, CLCs can be added to neat semen, making this technology feasible for practical application using current cryopreservation techniques for ram semen. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Purdy, Phillip H.] ARS, USDA, NCGRP, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Moce, Eva; Graham, James K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Purdy, PH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCGRP, Natl Anim Germplasm Program, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM phil.purdy@ars.usda.gov RI Moce, Eva/C-1794-2014 OI Moce, Eva/0000-0003-2895-663X FU Secretaria de Estado de Educacion y Universidades y Fondo Social Europeo [EX 2003-1028]; Colorado Experiment Station; Colegio Oficial de Veterinarios de Almeria and Burgos FX Supported by funds from Secretaria de Estado de Educacion y Universidades y Fondo Social Europeo (Ref. EX 2003-1028) and the Colorado Experiment Station. The authors wish to thank Leslie Arsmtrong-Lea, Amanda Moore, Brielle Hecht, and Scott Spiller for technical help. Part of this work received the awards "Francisco FernAndez Lopez" and "Cayetano Lopez y Lopez" from Colegio Oficial de Veterinarios de Almeria and Burgos, respectively. NR 64 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 118 IS 2-4 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.06.013 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 558QC UT WOS:000274758600020 PM 19615833 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Miles, JR Freking, BA AF Vallet, Jeffrey L. Miles, Jeremy R. Freking, Brad A. TI Effect of fetal size on fetal placental hyaluronan and hyaluronoglucosaminidases throughout gestation in the pig SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pig - hyaluronan; Allantochorion; Glycosaminoglycan; Hyaluronidase ID ANGIOGENIC OLIGOSACCHARIDES; LYSOSOMAL HYALURONIDASE; UTERINE ENVIRONMENT; MEDIATED MOTILITY; GROWTH; PROTEINS; RECEPTOR; TISSUE; HYAL2; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS AB The trophoblast-endometrial epithelial cell bilayer of porcine placenta undergoes microscopic folding during gestation, and the folded bilayer is embedded in fetal placental stroma. We hypothesized that hyaluronan was a component of fetal placental stroma, and that hyaluronoglucosaminidases played a role in bilayer folding. Gilts were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized (UHO) at 160 days of age, mated at estrus and killed on days 25, 45, 65, 85 or 105 of gestation. Fetal placental tissues were collected to evaluate hyaluronan and hyaluronoglucosaminidase content. Fetal placental hyaluronan concentration increased (P<0.01) between day 25 and 45 of gestation, remained high throughout gestation, and was greater (P<0.05) in the fetal placenta of the smallest compared to the largest fetuses on day 105 of gestation. Hyaluronan was localized to fetal placental stroma. Three cDNAs for hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1 (two 1379 and one 1552 bp) and one cDNA (1421 bp) for hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2 were cloned from day-85 fetal placental RNA. Gene expression analysis indicated that the 1379 bp form of hyaluronoglucosaminidase I mRNA did not differ, the 1552 bp form increased, and the 1421 bp form of hyaluronoglucosaminidase 2 decreased during pregnancy. Amount of all three mRNAs was greater (P<0.05) in fetal placenta of the smallest compared to the largest fetuses. Zymography indicated 70 and 55 kd protein isoforms of hyaluronoglucosaminidase in fetal placental tissue. Both forms increased with advancing gestation and were greater in fetal placenta of the smallest compared to the largest fetuses (P<0.05). These results are consistent with a role for hyaluronan and hyaluronoglucosaminidases in the development of the microscopic folds of the pig placenta during gestation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vallet, Jeffrey L.; Miles, Jeremy R.; Freking, Brad A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM Jeff.Vallet@ars.usda.gov RI Miles, Jeremy/A-7572-2009 FU USDA-ARS [5438-31000-084-00D] FX Research supported by USDA-ARS CRIS Project No. 5438-31000-084-00D. The authors wish to acknowledge the technical help of A. Paus, S. Hassler, and T. Gramke in the performance of these experiments and L. Parnell for help in preparation of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 118 IS 2-4 BP 297 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.06.019 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 558QC UT WOS:000274758600026 PM 19647381 ER PT J AU Guillory, IK Cullen, K Thompson, D AF Guillory, Ivan K. Cullen, Karen Thompson, Deborah TI THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A QUESTIONNAIRE TESTING PARENTS' SUPPORT FOR IMPROVING THE DIET OF AFRICAN AMERICAN GIRLS AGES 9-12 YRS SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Guillory, Ivan K.; Cullen, Karen; Thompson, Deborah] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77025 USA. EM ikguillo@bcm.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0883-6612 J9 ANN BEHAV MED JI Ann. Behav. Med. PD APR PY 2010 VL 39 SU 1 BP 98 EP 98 PG 1 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 572OF UT WOS:000275841700379 ER PT J AU Manter, DK Weir, TL Vivanco, JM AF Manter, Daniel K. Weir, Tiffany L. Vivanco, Jorge M. TI Negative Effects of Sample Pooling on PCR-Based Estimates of Soil Microbial Richness and Community Structure SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS; FUNGAL ABUNDANCE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; DNA; HETEROGENEITY; VARIABILITY; SCALE; SIZE AB In this study, we examined the effect of various pooling strategies on the characterization of soil microbial community composition and phylotype richness estimates. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) profiles were determined from soil samples that were (i) unpooled (extracted and amplified individually), (ii) pooled prior to PCR amplification, or (iii) pooled prior to DNA extraction. Regression analyses suggest that the less even the soil microbial community (i. e., low Shannon equitability, E(H)), the greater was the impact of either pooling strategy on microbial detection (R(2) = 0.766). For example, at a tropical rainforest site, which had the most uneven fungal (E(H) of 0.597) and bacterial communities (E(H) of 0.822), the unpooled procedure detected an additional 67 fungal and 115 bacterial phylotypes relative to either of the pooled procedures. Phylotype rarity, resulting in missed detection upon pooling, differed between the fungal and bacterial communities. Fungi were typified by locally abundant but spatially rare phylotypes, and the bacteria were typified by locally rare but spatially ubiquitous phylotypes. As a result, pooling differentially influenced plot comparisons, leading to an increase in similarity for the bacterial community and a decrease in the fungal community. In conclusion, although pooling reduces sample numbers and variability, it could mask a significant portion of the detectable microbial community, particularly for fungi due to their higher spatial heterogeneity. C1 [Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Weir, Tiffany L.; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0542642]; Fulbright Commission; Guggenheim Memorial Foundation FX Funding in J.M.V.'s laboratory was provided by the National Science Foundation (MCB-0542642). J.M.V. also acknowledges additional funding provided for the studies in Tambopata by NSF International Programs, the Fulbright Commission, and the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 76 IS 7 BP 2086 EP 2090 DI 10.1128/AEM.03017-09 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 572PD UT WOS:000275844200006 PM 20139317 ER PT J AU Wei, DS Houtman, CJ Kapich, AN Hunt, CG Cullen, D Hammel, KE AF Wei, Dongsheng Houtman, Carl J. Kapich, Alexander N. Hunt, Christopher G. Cullen, Daniel Hammel, Kenneth E. TI Laccase and Its Role in Production of Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species during Wood Decay by the Brown Rot Basidiomycete Postia placenta SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHITE-ROT; GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; PLEUROTUS-ERYNGII; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FENTON REACTION; FUNGUS; LIGNIN; ACID; OXIDATION AB Brown rot basidiomycetes initiate wood decay by producing extracellular reactive oxygen species that depolymerize the structural polysaccharides of lignocellulose. Secreted fungal hydroquinones are considered one contributor because they have been shown to reduce Fe(3+), thus generating perhydroxyl radicals and Fe(2+), which subsequently react further to produce biodegradative hydroxyl radicals. However, many brown rot fungi also secrete high levels of oxalate, which chelates Fe(3+) tightly, making it unreactive with hydroquinones. For hydroquinone-driven hydroxyl radical production to contribute in this environment, an alternative mechanism to oxidize hydroquinones is required. We show here that aspen wood undergoing decay by the oxalate producer Postia placenta contained both 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone and laccase activity. Mass spectrometric analysis of proteins extracted from the wood identified a putative laccase ( Joint Genome Institute P. placenta protein identification number 111314), and heterologous expression of the corresponding gene confirmed this assignment. Ultrafiltration experiments with liquid pressed from the biodegrading wood showed that a high-molecular-weight component was required for it to oxidize 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone rapidly and that this component was replaceable by P. placenta laccase. The purified laccase oxidized 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone with a second-order rate constant near 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), and measurements of the H(2)O(2) produced indicated that approximately one perhydroxyl radical was generated per hydroquinone supplied. Using these values and a previously developed computer model, we estimate that the quantity of reactive oxygen species produced by P. placenta laccase in wood is large enough that it likely contributes to incipient decay. C1 [Wei, Dongsheng; Houtman, Carl J.; Kapich, Alexander N.; Hunt, Christopher G.; Cullen, Daniel; Hammel, Kenneth E.] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Wei, Dongsheng; Kapich, Alexander N.; Cullen, Daniel; Hammel, Kenneth E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM kehammel@wisc.edu RI Hunt, Christopher/D-6339-2011; Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 OI Hunt, Christopher/0000-0002-4799-7085; Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; FU Department of Energy, Office of Biological Environmental Research [DE-AI02-07ER64480]; U. S. Department of Energy Interagency Agreement [DE-AI32-08NA28543] FX This study was supported by grant DE-AI02-07ER64480 from the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological Environmental Research ( K. E. H.) and by U. S. Department of Energy Interagency Agreement DE-AI32-08NA28543 ( K. E. H.). NR 42 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 76 IS 7 BP 2091 EP 2097 DI 10.1128/AEM.02929-09 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 572PD UT WOS:000275844200007 PM 20154118 ER PT J AU Gunther, NW AF Gunther, Nereus W., IV TI Effects of Polyphosphate Additives on Campylobacter Survival in Processed Chicken Exudates SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST MEAT; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; SAMPLING METHODS; POULTRY MEAT; JEJUNI; COLI; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SALMONELLA; PREVALENCE AB Campylobacter spp. are responsible for a large number of the bacterial food poisoning cases worldwide. Despite being sensitive to oxygen and nutritionally fastidious, Campylobacter spp. are able to survive in food processing environments and reach consumers in sufficient numbers to cause disease. To investigate Campylobacter persistence on processed chicken, exudates from chickens produced for consumer sale were collected and sterilized. Two types of exudates from chicken products were collected: enhanced, where a marinade was added to the chickens during processing, and nonenhanced, where no additives were added during processing. Exudates from enhanced chicken products examined in this study contained a mixture of polyphosphates. Exudate samples were inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli strains and incubated under a range of environmental conditions, and viable bacteria present in the resultant cultures were enumerated. When incubated at 42 degrees C in a microaerobic environment, exudates from enhanced chicken products resulted in increased survival of C. jejuni and C. coli compared with that in nonenhanced exudates in the range of < 1 to > 4 log CFU/ml. Under more relevant food storage conditions (4 degrees C and normal atmosphere), the exudates from enhanced chicken products also demonstrated improved Campylobacter survival compared with that in nonenhanced exudates. Polyphosphates present in the enhanced exudates were determined to be largely responsible for the improved survival observed when the two types of exudates were compared. Therefore, polyphosphates used to enhance chicken quality aid in sustaining the numbers of Campylobacter bacteria, increasing the opportunity for disease via cross-contamination or improperly cooked poultry. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Gunther, NW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jack.gunther@ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2419 EP 2424 DI 10.1128/AEM.02865-09 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 578FX UT WOS:000276280100006 PM 20173061 ER PT J AU Fan, ZM Yuan, L Jordan, DB Wagschal, K Heng, C Braker, JD AF Fan, Zhanmin Yuan, Ling Jordan, Douglas B. Wagschal, Kurt Heng, Chamroeun Braker, Jay D. TI Engineering lower inhibitor affinities in beta-d-xylosidase SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-D-Xylosidase; Protein engineering; Selection; Glycoside hydrolase; Bioenergy ID SELENOMONAS-RUMINANTIUM; PRODUCT INHIBITION; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; SPECIFICITY; BINDING; SITE AB beta-d-Xylosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides to d-xylose residues. The enzyme, SXA from Selenomonas ruminantium, is the most active catalyst known for the reaction; however, its activity is inhibited by d-xylose and d-glucose (K (i) values of similar to 10(-2) M). Higher K (i)'s could enhance enzyme performance in lignocellulose saccharification processes for bioethanol production. We report here the development of a two-tier high-throughput screen where the 1A degrees screen selects for activity (active/inactive screen) and the 2A degrees screen selects for a higher K (i(d-xylose)) and its subsequent use in screening similar to 5,900 members of an SXA enzyme library prepared using error-prone PCR. In one variant, termed SXA-C3, K (i(d-xylose)) is threefold and K (i(d-glucose)) is twofold that of wild-type SXA. C3 contains four amino acid mutations, and one of these, W145G, is responsible for most of the lost affinity for the monosaccharides. Experiments that probe the active site with ligands that bind only to subsite -1 or subsite +1 indicate that the changed affinity stems from changed affinity for d-xylose in subsite +1 and not in subsite -1 of the two-subsite active site. Trp145 is 6 from the active site, and its side chain contacts three active-site residues, two in subsite +1 and one in subsite -1. C1 [Jordan, Douglas B.; Braker, Jay D.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Fan, Zhanmin; Yuan, Ling] Univ Kentucky, Kentucky Tobacco Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Wagschal, Kurt; Heng, Chamroeun] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Jordan, DB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM douglas.jordan@ars.usda.gov; kurt.wagschal@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture [CRIS 5325-41000-046-00, CRIS 3620-41000-118-00D, CSREES 2006-35504-17413] FX This work was supported by US Department of Agriculture CRIS 5325-41000-046-00 ( K. W. and C. H), CRIS 3620-41000-118-00D (D.B.J. and J.D.B.), and CSREES 2006-35504-17413 ( to L.Y.). The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the US Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 86 IS 4 BP 1099 EP 1113 DI 10.1007/s00253-009-2335-7 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 574CJ UT WOS:000275965700010 PM 19921178 ER PT J AU Gordon, SH Mohamed, A Harry-O'Kuru, RE Imam, SH AF Gordon, S. H. Mohamed, A. Harry-O'Kuru, R. E. Imam, S. H. TI A Chemometric Method for Correcting Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of Biomaterials for Interference from Water in KBr Discs SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Biomaterial; Infrared spectrometric method; Water interference; KBr disc; KBr pellet; r-matrix method; Chemometrics; KBr water correction method ID POTASSIUM-BROMIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; COMPONENTS; PELLETS AB Mid-infrared (mid-IR) analysis of solid biomaterials by the familiar KBr disc technique is all too often frustrated by water interference in the very important protein (amide) and carbohydrate (hydroxyl) regions of their spectra. A method was therefore devised that overcomes the difficulty and corrects IR spectra of solid biomaterials in KBr discs by mathematically eliminating the interference that arises from water molecules absorbed and bound in the KBr crystal lattice. The derivation of a linear system of chemometric equations that solves the water interference problem in a rigorous objective way is presented. Infrared spectra that result after correction by the method can be used reliably for quantitative analysis as well as structure identification. A major advantage is realized in quantitative analysis as the technique permits cryogenic pulverization of the biomaterial in KW to prevent change in chemical structure and minimize the particle size to closely approach the solid solution condition required by the Beer Lambert law. Extensive pulverization, which produces large water absorption bands that overlap and obscure the amide and hydroxyl regions of interest, is no longer problematic. The method is illustrated by removing strong water interference to extract the spectra of corn starch and gluten in pressed KBr discs. Results of the new method are compared with attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra of gluten corrected using the conventional advanced ATR correction algorithm. C1 [Gordon, S. H.; Mohamed, A.; Harry-O'Kuru, R. E.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Imam, S. H.] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Gordon, SH (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sherald.gordon@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0003-7028 EI 1943-3530 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2010 VL 64 IS 4 BP 448 EP 457 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 587OD UT WOS:000277001200014 PM 20412631 ER PT J AU Kane, JM Varner, JM Knapp, EE Powers, RF AF Kane, Jeffrey M. Varner, J. Morgan Knapp, Eric E. Powers, Robert F. TI Understory vegetation response to mechanical mastication and other fuels treatments in a ponderosa pine forest SO APPLIED VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California; USA; Forest floor; Incorporation; Pinus ponderosa; Plant diversity; Prescribed fire; Sierra Nevada; Tilling ID MIXED-CONIFER FOREST; ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION; PRESCRIBED FIRE; HERBACEOUS VEGETATION; REDUCTION TREATMENTS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SEED-GERMINATION; MANAGEMENT; ARIZONA; OREGON AB Questions What influence does mechanical mastication and other fuel treatments have on: (1) canopy and forest floor response variables that influence understory plant development; (2) initial understory vegetation cover, diversity, and composition; and (3) shrub and non-native species density in a second-growth ponderosa pine forest. Location Challenge Experimental Forest, northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Methods We compared the effects of mastication only, mastication with supplemental treatments (tilling and prescribed fire), hand removal, and a control on initial understory vegetation response using a randomized complete block experimental design. Each block (n=4) contained all five treatments and understory vegetation was surveyed within 0.04-ha plots for each treatment. Results While mastication alone and hand removal dramatically reduced the midstory vegetation, these treatments had little effect on understory richness compared with control. Prescribed fire after mastication increased native species richness by 150% (+6.0 species m2) compared with control. However, this also increased non-native species richness (+0.8 species m2) and shrub seedling density (+24.7 stems m2). Mastication followed by tilling resulted in increased non-native forb density (+0.7 stems m2). Conclusions Mechanical mastication and hand removal treatments aided in reducing midstory fuels but did not increase understory plant diversity. The subsequent treatment of prescribed burning not only further reduced fire hazard, but also exposed mineral soil, which likely promoted native plant diversity. Some potential drawbacks to this treatment include an increase of non-native species and stimulation of shrub seed germination, which could alter ecosystem functions and compromise fire hazard reduction in the long-term. C1 [Kane, Jeffrey M.; Varner, J. Morgan] Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry & Wildland Resources, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. [Knapp, Eric E.; Powers, Robert F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. RP Kane, JM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM jeffreykane@gmail.com; jmvarner@humboldt.edu; eknapp@fs.fed.us; rpowers@c-zone.net RI Kane, Jeffrey/G-7426-2011 FU JFSP [05-2-1-20] FX This project was funded by the Joint Fire Science Program, JFSP project #05-2-1-20. J. Stuart, T. Kolb and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on earlier drafts. D. Young set up the study units and provided help on site history and study details. J. Kreye, S. Sandhaus, C. West, R. Glebocki, A. Goldman and Q. Stewart assisted with field data collection and sample processing. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1402-2001 J9 APPL VEG SCI JI Appl. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2010 VL 13 IS 2 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2009.01062.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 559JB UT WOS:000274819200007 ER PT J AU Berson, EL Rosner, B Sandberg, MA Weigel-DiFranco, C Brockhurst, RJ Hayes, KC Johnson, EJ Anderson, EJ Johnson, CA Gaudio, AR Willett, WC Schaefer, EJ AF Berson, Eliot L. Rosner, Bernard Sandberg, Michael A. Weigel-DiFranco, Carol Brockhurst, Robert J. Hayes, K. C. Johnson, Elizabeth J. Anderson, Ellen J. Johnson, Chris A. Gaudio, Alexander R. Willett, Walter C. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Clinical Trial of Lutein in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa Receiving Vitamin A SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMPHREY FIELD ANALYZER; HUMAN MACULAR PIGMENT; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; PRIMATE RETINAS; CATARACT-EXTRACTION; CAROTENOID INTAKE; PLUS ZEAXANTHIN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; VISUAL-FIELDS; BETA-CAROTENE AB Objective: To determine whether lutein supplementation will slow visual function decline in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A. Design: Randomized, controlled, double-masked trial of 225 nonsmoking patients, aged 18 to 60 years, evaluated over a 4-year interval. Patients received 12 mg of lutein or a control tablet daily. All were given 15 000 IU/d of vitamin A palmitate. Randomization took into account genetic type and baseline serum lutein level. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the total point score for the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 30-2 program; prespecified secondary outcomes were the total point scores for the 60-4 program and for the 30-2 and 60-4 programs combined, 30-Hz electroretinogram amplitude, and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study acuity. Results: No significant difference in rate of decline was found between the lutein plus vitamin A and control plus vitamin A groups over a 4-year interval for the HFA 30-2 program. For the HFA 60-4 program, a decrease in mean rate of sensitivity loss was observed in the lutein plus vitamin A group (P=.05). Mean decline with the 60-4 program was slower among those with the highest serum lutein level or with the highest increase in macular pigment optical density at follow-up(P=.01 and P=.006, respectively). Those with the highest increase in macular pigment optical density also had the slowest decline in HFA 30-2 and 60-4 combined field sensitivity (P=.005). No significant toxic effects of lutein supplementation were observed. Conclusion: Lutein supplementation of 12 mg/d slowed loss of mid peripheral visual field on average among non smoking adults with retinitis pigmentosa taking vitamin A. Application to Clinical Practice: Data are presented that support use of 12 mg/d of lutein to slow visual field loss among nonsmoking adults with retinitis pigmentosa taking vitamin A. C1 [Berson, Eliot L.; Rosner, Bernard; Sandberg, Michael A.; Weigel-DiFranco, Carol; Brockhurst, Robert J.; Anderson, Ellen J.; Gaudio, Alexander R.] Harvard Univ, Berman Gund Lab Study Retinal Degenerat, Sch Med, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Johnson, Elizabeth J.] Tufts Univ, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Willett, Walter C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hayes, K. C.] Brandeis Univ, Foster Biomed Res Lab, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. [Johnson, Chris A.] Univ Iowa, Dept Ophthalmol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Berson, EL (reprint author), Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Berman Gund Lab, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM linda_berard@meei.harvard.edu FU National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland [U10EY13945]; Foundation Fighting Blindness, Owings Mills, Maryland FX This research was supported by grant U10EY13945 from the National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, and in part by the Foundation Fighting Blindness, Owings Mills, Maryland. NR 47 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 128 IS 4 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 581YC UT WOS:000276560800001 PM 20385935 ER PT J AU Edwards, MC Weiland, JJ AF Edwards, Michael C. Weiland, John J. TI First infectious clone of the propagatively transmitted Oat blue dwarf virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR PUNCTURE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION; PLANT-VIRUSES; MAIZE KERNELS; RNA VIRUSES; CDNA; IDENTIFICATION; TYMOVIRUSES; SEQUENCE AB Oat blue dwarf virus (OBDV) is a small, phloem-limited marafivirus that replicates in its leafhopper vector. We have developed complete cDNA clones of OBDV from which infectious transcripts may be derived-the first such clones for any propagatively transmitted plant virus. Prior to clone construction, the reported sequences of the 50 and 30 ends were confirmed using 50 RACE, primer extension, and ligation-anchored PCR. Using vascular puncture of maize seeds with capped transcripts, multiple clones were shown to be infectious at an average rate of 24.3% (range 14-36%). Aster leafhoppers successfully transmitted OBDV to oats and barley after feeding on detached, infected maize leaves. Proteins and RNAs consistent in size with those expected in OBDV infection were detected in young leaves via western and northern blotting, respectively. One construct, pOBDV-2r, was designated as the reference clone. An infectious clone of OBDV will be valuable in examining the interaction of this virus with both its insect and plant hosts. C1 [Edwards, Michael C.; Weiland, John J.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Edwards, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM michael.edwards@ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 EI 1432-8798 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 155 IS 4 SI SI BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0603-6 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 576EA UT WOS:000276125900003 PM 20224895 ER PT J AU Tzanetakis, IE Martin, RR Scott, SW AF Tzanetakis, I. E. Martin, R. R. Scott, S. W. TI Genomic sequences of blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus and strawberry necrotic shock virus and the phylogeny of viruses in subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-STREAK-VIRUS; PARIETARIA-MOTTLE-VIRUS; RASPBERRY LATENT VIRUS; COAT PROTEIN; ALIGNMENT; TOMATO AB Three members of subgroup 1 of the genus Ilarvirus: blackberry chlorotic ringspot (BCRV), strawberry necrotic shock (SNSV), and tobacco streak viruses (TSV), may infect Rubus and Fragaria species. All cause symptoms similar to those previously attributed to infection by TSV alone. Although similarities exist among the genomic sequences of the three, phylogenetic analysis shows them to be distinct viruses. These viruses and Parietaria mottle virus, the other currently accepted member of subgroup 1, appear to have evolved from a common ancestral virus, share conserved motifs in the products of the genomic RNAs, and constitute a distinct subgroup within the genus. C1 [Scott, S. W.] Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Tzanetakis, I. E.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Tzanetakis, I. E.] Univ Arkansas, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scott, SW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM sscott@clemson.edu RI Tzanetakis, Ioannis/B-9598-2009 FU Arkansas Experimental Station to IET FX Part of this work was funded by the start-up funds provided by the Arkansas Experimental Station to IET. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 155 IS 4 SI SI BP 557 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0601-8 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 576EA UT WOS:000276125900014 PM 20195656 ER PT J AU Crosslin, JM Hamm, PB Kirk, WW Hammond, RW AF Crosslin, James M. Hamm, Philip B. Kirk, William W. Hammond, Rosemarie W. TI Complete genomic sequence of a Tobacco rattle virus isolate from Michigan-grown potatoes SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY BROWNING VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CORKY RINGSPOT; TOBRAVIRUSES; RNA-1; RECOMBINATION; PATHOGENICITY; MOVEMENT; PROTEIN; STRAIN AB Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) causes stem mottle on potato leaves and necrotic arcs and rings in potato tubers, known as corky ringspot disease. Recently, TRV was reported in Michigan potato tubers cv. FL1879 exhibiting corky ringspot disease. Sequence analysis of the RNA-1-encoded 16-kDa gene of the Michigan isolate, designated MI-1, revealed homology to TRV isolates from Florida and Washington. Here, we report the complete genomic sequence of RNA-1 (6,791 nt) and RNA-2 (3,685 nt) of TRV MI-1. RNA-1 is predicted to contain four open reading frames, and the genome structure and phylogenetic analyses of the RNA-1 nucleotide sequence revealed significant homologies to the known sequences of other TRV-1 isolates. The relationships based on the full-length nucleotide sequence were different from than those based on the 16-kDa gene encoded on genomic RNA-1 and reflect sequence variation within a 20-25-aa residue region of the 16-kDa protein. MI-1 RNA-2 is predicted to contain three ORFs, encoding the coat protein (CP), a 37.6-kDa protein (ORF 2b), and a 33.6-kDa protein (ORF 2c). In addition, it contains a region of similarity to the 30 terminus of RNA-1, including a truncated portion of the 16-kDa cistron. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-2, based on a comparison of nucleotide sequences with other members of the genus Tobravirus, indicates that TRV MI-1 and other North American isolates cluster as a distinct group. TRV M1-1 is only the second North American isolate for which there is a complete sequence of the genome, and it is distinct from the North American isolate TRV ORY. The relationship of the TRV MI-1 isolate to other tobravirus isolates is discussed. C1 [Hammond, Rosemarie W.] USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Crosslin, James M.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Hamm, Philip B.] Oregon State Univ, HAREC, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. [Kirk, William W.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hammond, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rose.hammond@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD APR PY 2010 VL 155 IS 4 SI SI BP 621 EP 625 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0609-0 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 576EA UT WOS:000276125900024 PM 20221838 ER PT J AU Espeland, EK Rice, KJ AF Espeland, E. K. Rice, K. J. TI Ecological effects on estimates of effective population size in an annual plant SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Abiotic stress; Competition; Effective population size; Genetic drift; Plantago erecta; Local adaptation; Serpentine; Conservation genetics ID GENETIC DRIFT; CONSERVATION GENETICS; DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT; LOCAL ADAPTATION; CLONAL PLANT; SEED BANK; COMPETITION; MYCORRHIZAL; RESOURCES; SELECTION AB Effective population size (N(e)) is a critical indicator of the vulnerability of a population to allele loss via genetic drift, and it can also be used to assess the evolutionary potential of a population While some plant conservation plans have focused on outcrossing through cross-pollination as a way to Increase estimated N(e), variance in reproductive output determined by ecological factors such as competition can also strongly affect estimated N(e). We examined the effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition, stressful soils, and local adaptation on estimates of N(e) in an annual plant species. While ecological influences on plant growth rate variance have been predicted to influence estimates of N(e)/N, we found a significant effect on the estimate of N(e)/N. but no significant ecological effects on growth rate variance. Lower survivorship on stressful soil was the most important effect reducing estimates of N(e)/N. If stochastic mortality is greater in environments that are abiotically stressful, then populations in these stressful environments may be slower to adapt because of lower census sizes and reduction of N(e)/N. In populations of conservation concern, increasing survivorship may be of greater benefit for maximizing N(e) than the reduction of variability in reproductive output among surviving adults. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. C1 [Espeland, E. K.] USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Rice, K. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Ecol Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Espeland, EK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pest Management Res Unit, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM kjrice@ucdavis.edu FU UCNRS; Packard Foundation [200001607] FX This work was performed at the McLaughlin Reserve of the University of California Natural Reserve System (UCNRS) and partially funded by a Mildred E. Mathias Grant for work at the UCNRS to EKE and a Packard Foundation Interdisciplinary Science Grant (200001607) to both K.J.R. and E.K E. Thanks to S. Mueller for field assistance, to M. O'Mara for lab assistance, and to S. Harrison, K. Moore, S. Elmendorf, M. Schlesinger, K. Jones, J. Harding, the Big Science Lab, D. Grace, J. Weiner, S. Sultan, A. Caballero, J. Gaskin, and E. Leger for comments on early versions of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2010 VL 143 IS 4 BP 946 EP 951 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.01.003 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 580CV UT WOS:000276425400016 ER PT J AU Rayamajhi, MB Pratt, PD Center, TD Van, TK AF Rayamajhi, Min B. Pratt, Paul D. Center, Ted D. Van, Thai K. TI Insects and a pathogen suppress Melaleuca quinquenervia cut-stump regrowth in Florida SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Boreioglycaspis melaleucae; Coppice; Herbivory; Multiple guilds; Natural enemy; Oxyops vitiosa; Pathogen; Puccinia psidii; Regrowth control ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; INTRODUCED NATURAL ENEMIES; FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGEN; WEED CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; INVASIVE TREE; PUCCINIA-PSIDII; OXYOPS-VITIOSA; SOUTH FLORIDA; RUST FUNGUS; FIELD COLONIZATION AB Utilization of multiple natural enemy species in weed biocontrol programs has often been advocated. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that multiple guilds of natural enemies, rather than individual species, would result in greater levels of damage to target host plants. This was investigated by evaluating the herbivorous insects Oxyops vitiosa (weevil) and Boreioglycaspis melaleucae (psyllid) and rust fungus Puccinia psidii separately and together when attacking cut-stump coppices of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca). We felled 120 trees in each of three mature melaleuca stands and assigned 6-13 coppicing stumps to each of the four treatments: control (insects and rust fungus excluded); insect herbivory; rust-fungus-infection; and combination of insect herbivory and rust fungus infection. We repeated the experiment once in adjacent plots located within the same stands as above. Coppices were harvested annually for three years and evaluated for damage, height, branching, mortality, and biomass. Three treatments: insects, rust fungus, and their combination caused higher levels of coppice damage and mortality compared to controls; these three treatments also reduced plant height, branching, and biomass of surviving coppices. These impacts of insects and rust-fungus-combination were additive on cut-stump and coppice stem mortality, and reduction in height, branching, leaf biomass, and total biomass of coppices. The rust fungus and psyllid showed better ability to co-attack the same leaf tissues compared to the rust fungus and the weevil. In conclusion, overall effects of the three natural enemies led to markedly reduced performance of the invasive tree melaleuca. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Rayamajhi, Min B.; Pratt, Paul D.; Center, Ted D.; Van, Thai K.] USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rayamajhi, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3225 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM min.rayamajhi@ars.usda.gov FU South Florida Water Management District; Dade County Department of Environmental Resource Management (DERM); The USDA/ARS TAME Melaleuca FX We acknowledge the technical assistance of Jorge Leidi and Reynaldo Moscat of the USDA/ARS, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. We are also indebted to Christopher Grieshop, Andrea Parchment, and many other AmeriCorps Volunteers from the Student Conservation Association for assistance in establishing the permanent plots and subsequent data collection. We acknowledge the constructive comments and criticism of the reviewers who helped improve overall quality of this presentation. Financial support for this project was provided by South Florida Water Management District, Dade County Department of Environmental Resource Management (DERM), and The USDA/ARS TAME Melaleuca project. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.07.017 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 559XG UT WOS:000274862500001 ER PT J AU Mena-Correa, J Sivinski, J Anzures-Dadda, A Ramirez-Romero, R Gates, M Aluja, M AF Mena-Correa, J. Sivinski, J. Anzures-Dadda, A. Ramirez-Romero, R. Gates, M. Aluja, M. TI Consideration of Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell, a eurytomid (Hymenoptera) with unusual foraging behaviors, as a biological control agent of tephritid (Diptera) fruit flies SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Demography; Eurytomidae; Fruit fly; Parasitoid; Tephritidae; Hyperparasitism ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; HAYWARDI OGLOBLIN HYMENOPTERA; ANASTREPHA SPP. DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; PUPAL PARASITOIDS; IMMATURE STAGES; POULTRY MANURE; ATTACK RATE; BRACONIDAE; MEXICO AB A recently discovered Mexican parasitoid species of Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera), Eurytoma sivinskii Gates and Grissell, has the unique behavior, for its family, of attacking tephritid fruit fly pupae (Anastrepha spp.) on or in the soil. Adults burrowed but did so rarely, thus pupae on the soil surface were significantly more vulnerable than those underground. Females facultatively hyperparasitized other larval-prepupal and pupal parasitoids such as Opius hirtus (Braconidae), Coptera haywardi (Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Pteromalidae). While E. sivinskii developed in the pupae of various other Anastrepha, including, A. serpentina and A. striata, it also attacked cyclorraphous Diptera such as Musca domestica and a tachinid species. The number of expected female offspring (R(o)) was 44.3 when measured as eclosed eggs (i.e., that became larvae) and 34.3 when measured as the number of emerged adults, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) was 0.34. This is high relative to other fruit fly parasitoids and suggests that E. sivinskii could rapidly exploit a clumped resource. We conclude that the marginal ability of E. sivinskii to attack buried pupae and the environmental risks it poses through its broad host range and capacity for hyperparasitism make it a poor candidate for tephritid biological control. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Mena-Correa, J.; Anzures-Dadda, A.; Ramirez-Romero, R.; Aluja, M.] Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. [Sivinski, J.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. [Gates, M.] ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA,Smithsonian Inst,Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. EM martin.aluja@inecol.edu.mx FU Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta; United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS); INECOL; Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad [FB325/H296/96]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico [SIG96001/96-01003-V, 79449] FX We gratefully acknowledge the help of Alberto Mata, Armando Torres Anaya, Cecilia Martinez Arcos, Melissa Galicia, Jovita Martinez Tlapa and Sandy Mendez Trejo (all Instituto de Ecologia, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico [INECOL]), who helped rear all the parasitoids used during this study. Larissa Guillen, Andrea Birke, Martin Pale and Guadalupe Cordova (also INECOL) helped organize experiments, provided needed materials and provided critical advice along the way. We thank several anonymous expert taxonomists at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS for identifying the tachinid, Paleaosepsis sp. and M. domestica specimens. Financial support for this study was principally furnished by the Mexican Campana Nacional contra las Moscas de la Fruta (Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural y Pesca Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (SAGARPA-IICA). Additional funds were provided by the United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) and INECOL. Given that E. sivinskii was discovered while conducting studies financed by the Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO; Proyect Number FB325/H296/96) and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)/Fondo del Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico (SIGOLFO, Project Number SIG96001/96-01003-V), we also gratefully acknowledge their financial support. Information reported here forms part of the undergraduate thesis of JMC (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico [UNAM]), directed by MA. M.A. also acknowledges support from CONACyT through a Sabbatical Year Fellowship (Ref. 79449) and thanks Benno Graf and Jorg Samietz (Forschungsanstalt Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil ACW), for providing ideal working conditions to finish writing/editing this paper. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD APR PY 2010 VL 53 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.03.019 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 559XG UT WOS:000274862500002 ER PT J AU Allred, BW Fuhlendorf, SD Monaco, TA Will, RE AF Allred, Brady W. Fuhlendorf, Samuel D. Monaco, Thomas A. Will, Rodney E. TI Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Competition; Tolerance; Sericea lespedeza; Leaf area; Photosynthesis; Invasion; Tallgrass prairie ID GAS-EXCHANGE; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; WATER AVAILABILITY; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; USE EFFICIENCY; GLOBAL CHANGE; OLD-FIELD; LEAF; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB To better understand the strategies and mechanisms of invading plants in tallgrass prairie, physiological and morphological characteristics of the invasive Lespedeza cuneata were compared to the dominant and abundant natives Ambrosia psilostachya and Andropogon gerardii. Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, plant water status, and total and specific leaf area were quantified in the field for each species both throughout daily sampling periods and across the growing season. Total and specific leaf area (cm(2) g(-1) of leaves) exceeded that of native species and may allow L. cuneata to successfully establish and dominate in tallgrass prairie, aiding in both resource acquisition and competitive exclusion. Gas exchange traits (e.g. net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency) of L. cuneata did not exceed other species, but remained constant throughout the daily sampling periods. The daily consistency of net photosynthesis and other gas exchange traits for L. cuneata reveal characteristics of stress tolerance. The combination of these characteristics and strategies may assist in the invasion of L. cuneata and also provide insight into general mechanisms responsible for successful invasions into tallgrass prairie. C1 [Allred, Brady W.; Fuhlendorf, Samuel D.; Will, Rodney E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Monaco, Thomas A.] ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Allred, BW (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, 008C Ag Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM brady.allred@okstate.edu RI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/A-2931-2011; Will, Rodney/G-8111-2011 OI Fuhlendorf, Samuel/0000-0002-8726-9402; FU Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2003-35101-12928, 2006-35320-17476] FX We thank Jonathan Kelly and Chris Stansberry for field work assistance and logistical support. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved this manuscript. B. Allred thanks A. Allred for support and encouragement. This research was supported by the Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station and the National Research Initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant numbers 2003-35101-12928 and 2006-35320-17476. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD APR PY 2010 VL 12 IS 4 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1007/s10530-009-9476-6 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569WZ UT WOS:000275634800007 ER PT J AU Robins, JG AF Robins, Joseph G. TI Cool-season grasses produce more total biomass across the growing season than do warm-season grasses when managed with an applied irrigation gradient SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Andropogon gerardii; Bioenergy; Bouteloua curtipendula; Bouteloua gracilis; Buchloe dactyloides; Forage; Panicum virgatum; Schizachyrium scoparium; Sorghastrum nutans; Switchgrass ID X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS; SWITCHGRASS POPULATIONS; YIELD; NITROGEN; FEEDSTOCK; HARVEST; USA; STABILITY; SELECTION; GENOTYPE AB Warm-season grasses have shown great potential for biomass production. However, their productivity under irrigated conditions has not been thoroughly documented. This study evaluated the biomass production potential and production stability of a number of warm- and cool-season grasses across an irrigation gradient. Under the multiple-harvest management strategy, the cool-season grasses were most productive across the entire growing season. Nevertheless, when considering only the summer harvests, the switch-grass and big bluestem entries were the most productive, although the lowland cultivar Alamo did not perform well under the conditions. Overall, cool-season grasses were clearly the most productive for total biomass production across the growing season. However, based on the high biomass production of switchgrass, this species may have potential as a high-producing option for animal feed during the summer months when the cool-season grasses are unproductive. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Robins, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM joseph.robins@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 500 EP 505 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.12.015 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 580CD UT WOS:000276423600012 ER PT J AU Moser, BR Vaughn, SF AF Moser, Bryan R. Vaughn, Steven F. TI Coriander seed oil methyl esters as biodiesel fuel: Unique fatty acid composition and excellent oxidative stability SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biodiesel; Coriandrum sativum L.; Fatty acid methyl esters; Methanolysis; Petroselinic acid; Transesterification ID SOYBEAN OIL; SATIVUM L.; EXHAUST EMISSIONS; SUNFLOWER OIL; BLENDS; TRANSESTERIFICATION; ANTIOXIDANT; PETRODIESEL; TEMPERATURE; DERIVATIVES AB Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed oil methyl esters were prepared and evaluated as an alternative biodiesel fuel and contained an unusual fatty acid hitherto unreported as the principle component in biodiesel fuels: petroselinic (6Z-octadecenoic; 68.5 wt%) acid. Most of the remaining fatty acid profile consisted of common 18 carbon constituents such as linoleic (9Z,12Z-octadeca-dienoic; 13.0 wt%), oleic (9Z-octadecenoic; 7.6 wt%) and stearic (octadecanoic; 3.1 wt%) acids. A standard transesterification procedure with methanol and sodium methoxide catalyst was used to provide C. sativum oil methyl esters (CSME). Acid-catalyzed pretreatment was necessary beforehand to reduce the acid value of the oil from 2.66 to 0.47 mg g(-1). The derived cetane number, kinematic viscosity, and oxidative stability (Rancimat method) of CSME was 53.3, 4.21 mm(2) s(-1) (40 degrees C), and 14.6 h (110 degrees C). The cold filter plugging and pour points were -15 degrees C and -19 degrees C, respectively. Other properties such as acid value, free and total glycerol content, iodine value, as well as sulfur and phosphorous contents were acceptable according to the biodiesel standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Also reported are lubricity, heat of combustion, and Gardner color, along with a comparison of CSME to soybean oil methyl esters (SME). CSME exhibited higher oxidative stability, superior low temperature properties, and lower iodine value than SME. In summary, CSME has excellent fuel properties as a result of its unique fatty acid composition. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Moser, Bryan R.; Vaughn, Steven F.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Moser, BR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM bryan.moser@ars.usda.gov; steven.vaughn@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 550 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.12.022 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 580CD UT WOS:000276423600019 ER PT J AU Qureshi, N Saha, BC Dien, B Hector, RE Cotta, MA AF Qureshi, Nasib Saha, Badal C. Dien, Bruce Hector, Ronald E. Cotta, Michael A. TI Production of butanol (a biofuel) from agricultural residues: Part I - Use of barley straw hydrolysate SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Butanol; Clostridium beijerinckii P260; Agricultural residue hydrolysate; Barley (Hordeum vulgare) straw; Overliming; Productivity; Yield; Fermentation ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII; WHEAT-STRAW; ACETONE-BUTANOL; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION PROCESS; BATCH FERMENTATION; CORN FIBER; BIOMASS; ACETOBUTYLICUM; TECHNOLOGY AB Fermentation of dilute sulfuric acid barley straw hydrolysate (BSH; undiluted/untreated) by Clostridium beijerinckii P260 resulted in the production of 7.09 gL(-1) ABE (acetone butanol ethanol), an ABE yield of 0.33, and productivity of 0.10 gL(-1) h(-1). This level of ABE is much less than that observed in a control experiment (21.06 gL(-1)) where glucose (initial concentration 60 gL(-1)) was used as a substrate. In the control experiment, an ABE yield of 0.41 and productivity of 0.31 gL(-1) h(-1) were observed. This comparison suggested that BSH is toxic to the culture. To reduce this potential toxicity effect, BSH was treated with lime [Ca(OH)(2)] followed by fermentation. The treated BSH resulted in a successful fermentation and ABE concentration of 26.64 was achieved. This was superior to both glucose and untreated BSH (initial sugar 60 gL(-1)) fermentations. In this fermentation, an ABE yield of 0.43 and productivity of 0.39 gL(-1) h(-1) (390% of untreated/undiluted BSH) was obtained. It should be noted that using lime treated BSH, a specific productivity of 0.55 h(-1) was obtained as compared to 0.12 h(-1) in the control fermentation suggesting that more carbon was directed to product formation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Qureshi, Nasib; Saha, Badal C.; Dien, Bruce; Hector, Ronald E.; Cotta, Michael A.] ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Qureshi, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Nasib.Qureshi@ars.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 27 TC 139 Z9 150 U1 9 U2 57 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 EI 1873-2909 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD APR PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.12.024 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 580CD UT WOS:000276423600020 ER EF