FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Davis, TA Suryawan, A Orellana, RA Fiorotto, ML Burrin, DG AF Davis, T. A. Suryawan, A. Orellana, R. A. Fiorotto, M. L. Burrin, D. G. TI Amino acids and insulin are regulators of muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs SO ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE growth; newborn; protein metabolism; translation initiation; mammalian target of rapamycin ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; TRANSLATION INITIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; TUBEROUS-SCLEROSIS; INDUCED ACTIVATION; SIGNALING PATHWAY; MAMMALIAN TARGET; POSTNATAL-GROWTH; LEUCINE KINETICS AB The stage of development between birth and weaning in mammals is a period of very rapid growth that is crucial for the long-term well-being of the animal. The rate of protein deposition in neonatal animals is very high because dietary protein is efficiently utilized to increase body protein mass. Our studies in neonatal pigs have shown that this high efficiency of protein deposition is largely due to the marked increase in protein synthesis after feeding, and this response is particularly profound in the skeletal muscle. The enhanced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonates after feeding is independently mediated by the rise in insulin and amino acids and this response declines with age. Intracellular signaling components that respond to the postprandial rise in amino acids and insulin have been identified and their activation has been shown to be elevated in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs after a meal and to decrease with development. The enhanced activation of these components in the amino acid and insulin signaling pathways in neonatal muscle contributes to the high rate of muscle protein synthesis and rapid gain in skeletal muscle mass in newborn pigs, which are essential determinants of efficient growth during development. C1 [Davis, T. A.; Suryawan, A.; Orellana, R. A.; Fiorotto, M. L.; Burrin, D. G.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Institute of Health (NIH) [AR-44474]; USDA/ARS [6250510000-040] FX This study is based on an invited presentation at the 60th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production held in Barcelona, Spain during August 2009. This is a publication of the United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service (USDA/ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine. This project was supported in part by the National Institute of Health (NIH) Grant AR-44474 and by the USDA/ARS under cooperative agreement no. 6250510000-040. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, and nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 1751-7311 J9 ANIMAL JI Animal PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1790 EP 1796 DI 10.1017/S1751731110000984 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA 677FU UT WOS:000283975300002 PM 21779306 ER PT J AU Oliveira, MF Nelson, RL Geraldi, IO Cruz, CD de Toledo, JFF AF Oliveira, Marcelo F. Nelson, Randall L. Geraldi, Isaias O. Cruz, Cosme D. de Toledo, Jose Francisco F. TI Establishing a soybean germplasm core collection SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; Genetic diversity; Germplasm bank; Sampling strategies ID MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; VARIABILITY; COUNTRIES AB Core collections are of strategic importance as they allow the use of a small part of a germplasm collection that is representative of the total collection. The objective of this study was to develop a soybean core collection of the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection by comparing the results of random, proportional, logarithmic, multivariate proportional and multivariate logarithmic sampling strategies. All but the random sampling strategy used stratification of the entire collection based on passport data and maturity group classification. The multivariate proportional and multivariate logarithmic strategies made further use of qualitative and quantitative trait data to select diverse accessions within each stratum. The 18 quantitative trait data distribution parameters were calculated for each core and for the entire collection for pairwise comparison to validate the sampling strategies. All strategies were adequate for assembling a core collection. The random core collection best represented the entire collection in statistical terms. Proportional and logarithmic strategies did not maximize statistical representation but were better in selecting maximum variability. Multivariate proportional and multivariate logarithmic strategies produced the best core collections as measured by maximum variability conservation. The soybean core collection was established using the multivariate proportional selection strategy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oliveira, Marcelo F.; de Toledo, Jose Francisco F.] Embrapa Soybean, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. [Nelson, Randall L.] ARS, USDA, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Geraldi, Isaias O.] Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Agron, ESALQ, Dept Genet, BR-13400970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. [Cruz, Cosme D.] Univ Fed Vicosa, Fac Agron, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Oliveira, MF (reprint author), Embrapa Soybean, POB 231, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. EM embrapamfo@gmail.com RI Geraldi, Isaias/J-5747-2015 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 119 IS 2-3 BP 277 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.07.021 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679QC UT WOS:000284174900009 ER PT J AU Glynn, NC Gilbert, RA Comstock, JC Davis, MJ AF Glynn, Neil C. Gilbert, Robert A. Comstock, Jack C. Davis, Michael J. TI Transmission of a Sugarcane yellow leaf virus resistance transgene to sexual progeny and screening by kanamycin inoculation SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sugarcane yellow leaf virus; SCYLV; Sugarcane transgenics; Kanamycin; Real-time PCR ID HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; MULTIPLE TRANSGENES; GENE; PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; INHERITANCE; EXPRESSION; SPREAD; PCR AB Sugarcane (a complex Saccharum hybrid) yellow leaf is caused by the Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) and is endemic in many growing regions. Inadequate sources of SCYLV resistance limit conventional breeding for resistance. Although transgenics offer the potential for improving SCYLV resistance, previous studies have shown that agronomic performance may be negatively impacted in primary (T0) transgenic lines due to somaclonal variation or transgene position effects. These problems could be overcome or reduced by transgene transfer to sexual progeny. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the utility as parents of two sugarcane genotypes (6-1 and 6-2) previously transformed with the nptlI selectable marker and U-SCYLV-CP inserts and to examine the potential of kanamycin sensitivity as a selectable marker in progeny derived from these crosses. 6-1 and 6-2 were used as parents in 31 crosses in four crossing seasons. Flowering characteristics and germination rates of the resulting true seed were comparable with those for the untransformed parent. CP 92-1666, and with other crosses made in the same seasons. Inheritance and function of the nptlI insert were tested in 215 seedlings from three crosses through the application of a solution containing 3.0 g L(-1) kanamycin. Diagnostic PCR confirmed the presence of the nptlI insert transgene in 158 (98.1%) of the 161 kanamycin-resistant progeny. Segregation analysis of the data suggests that the nptlI insert is independently integrated at two linked loci in 6-1 one of which carries a functional copy of the nptlI insert and the U-SCYLV-CP insert. Whereas for 6-2, nptlI is inserted at a single, functional loci carrying the U-SCYLV-CP insert. Delta Delta Ct values were determined from real-time PCR data of each insert among progeny testing positive for both inserts using diagnostic PCR. This novel application of the Delta Delta Ct method allowed the determination of copy number relative to the TO clone without the use of an exogenous control and showed that all copies of the U-SCYLV-CP insert were inherited among almost all progeny of either 6-1 or 6-2. These results demonstrate the utility of TO transformed sugarcane genotypes for transmission of transgenes to additional sugarcane genotypes and the effectiveness of kanamycin application for screening sexual progeny and will be useful in guiding breeding strategies to improve resistance to the SCYLV through transgenics. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Glynn, Neil C.; Comstock, Jack C.] ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Gilbert, Robert A.] Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. [Davis, Michael J.] Univ Florida, Citrus Res & Educ Ctr, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Glynn, NC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441N, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM neil.glynn@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 119 IS 2-3 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.07.022 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679QC UT WOS:000284174900013 ER PT J AU Janick, J Hummer, K AF Janick, Jules Hummer, Kim TI Healing, Health, and Horticulture: Introduction to the Workshop SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 [Janick, Jules] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hummer, Kim] ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Janick, J (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM janick@purdue.edu NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1584 EP 1586 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300001 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Gillaspie, AG Quiles, A AF Goenaga, Ricardo Gillaspie, A. Graves, Jr. Quiles, Adolfo TI Field Screening of Cowpea Genotypes for Alkaline Soil Tolerance SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE yield; alkaline soils; grain protein; Vigna unguiculata ID BICARBONATE; GROWTH; CHLOROSIS; ROOT AB Cowpea or Southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important legume crop used as a feed for livestock, as a green vegetable, and for consumption of its dry beans, which provide 22% to 25% protein. The crop is very sensitive to alkaline soil conditions. When grown at soil pH of 7.5 or higher, cowpea develops severe leaf chlorosis caused by deficiencies of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) resulting in stunted plant growth and yield reduction. We evaluated in replicated field experiments at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico, 24 PIs and two commercial cultivars, some of which have shown some tolerance to alkaline soils in unreplicated, seed regeneration plots of the U.S. cowpea collection. Alkaline soil conditions at St. Croix were too severe resulting in average yield of genotypes at this location being significantly lower and 77% less than that at Juana Diaz. Nevertheless, some genotypes performed well at both locations. For example, PIs 222756, 214354, 163142, 582605, 582840, 255766, 582610, 582614, 582576, 582809, and 349674 yielded in the upper half of the group at both locations. Accession PI 163142 ranked third in grain yield production at both locations and outyielded the iron-chlorosis-resistant controls at St. Croix. These genotypes deserve further attention as potential sources of alkaline soil tolerance. C1 [Goenaga, Ricardo; Quiles, Adolfo] USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Gillaspie, A. Graves, Jr.] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 PA Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. EM Ricardo.Goenaga@ars.usda.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1639 EP 1642 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300012 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Taylor, M AF Russo, Vincent M. Taylor, Merritt TI Frequency of Manure Application in Organic versus Annual Application of Synthetic Fertilizer in Conventional Vegetable Production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bell pepper; conventional; cucumber; economics; fertilizer; manure; organic; sweet corn ID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; FARMING SYSTEMS; SOIL; TRANSITION; YIELDS; CORN AB The cost of transporting manure can affect profit. Manure was applied either annually or biennially to bell pepper (Capsicum autumn; L.), cv. Jupiter, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), cv. Earli Pik, and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf.), cv. Incredible (se endosperm genotype), produced using organic methods and compared with production of these crops using conventional methods and annually applied synthetic fertilizer. Conventional and organically maintained portions of the field were separated by a 25-m buffer zone planted with sweet corn, which was provided with manure. The experiment was conducted from 2005 to 2008 at Lane, OK. Nutrient contents of soil and edible portions were determined as were yields. Economic analyses comparing costs of production and profit were conducted. There were yield responses resulting from year. Bell pepper yield was little affected by type of fertilizer application. Cucumber and sweet corn benefited from use of manure over conventional fertilizer. There was no pattern of alternating increased or decreased nutrient content in edible portions or in the soil as a result of annual or biennial application of manure. Treatment with manure produced higher returns than did conventional fertilizer. Annual treatment with manure produced higher returns in bell pepper and sweet corn than did treatment with manure in alternate years; the opposite was true for cucumber. Annual application of manure appears to be necessary for most of the vegetable crops tested. C1 [Russo, Vincent M.] ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. [Taylor, Merritt] Oklahoma State Univ, Wes Watkins Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wes Watkins Agr Res Lab, 911 Highway 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. EM vrusso-usda@lane-ag.org NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1673 EP 1680 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300019 ER PT J AU Tascan, A Adelberg, J Tascan, M Rimando, A Joshee, N Yadav, AK AF Tascan, Ayse Adelberg, Jeff Tascan, Mevlut Rimando, Agnes Joshee, Nirmal Yadav, Anand K. TI Hyperhydricity and Flavonoid Content of Scutellaria Species In Vitro on Polyester-supported Liquid Culture Systems SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE skullcap; baicalin; baicalein; flavonoid; polyester fiber; medicinal plant; wogonin ID BAICALENSIS-GEORGI; SHOOTS; STRESS; L. AB Three Scutellaria species (Scutellaria lateriflora,S. costaricana, and S. baicalensis) were grown in different in vitro physical environments: agar, liquid culture, and liquid culture with fiber-supported paper (with initial media volumes of 20 mL and 30 mL). During an 8-week time course, tissue growth was assessed for each species by fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), percent DW, and multiplication ratio. Water use and hyper-hydricity were also compared. Scutellaria lateriflora plantlets grown in liquid were hyperhydric despite the greatest accumulation of dry mass, but multiplication diminished with time as plants became hyperhydric. In contrast, S. costaricana and S. baicalensis plantlets had higher FW and DW on agar. With all Scutellaria species tested, plantlets grown on agar or fiber-supported paper were not hyperhydric, and fiber-supported paper with 20 mL initial volume yielded plants with the greatest percent DW. The lowered hyperhydricity was related to reduced water uptake. The flavonoids baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin were quantified in plants grown on fiber-supported paper culture. The baicalin concentrations in in vitro cultured S. lateriflora shoots was comparable to those of field-grown plants. The in vitro method presented a unique opportunity to enhance baicalein content and produce wogonin-rich roots. S. costaricana plantlets in vitro showed high levels of the three flavonoids compared with S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora. Growing non-hyperhydric tissues on fiber-supported paper, in vitro, allowed the clonal propagation of Scutellaria species with increased flavonoid content to proceed in a simple, controlled environment. C1 [Tascan, Ayse; Adelberg, Jeff] Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Tascan, Mevlut] Clemson Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Rimando, Agnes] USDA ARS, Thad Cochran Res Ctr, University, MS USA. [Joshee, Nirmal; Yadav, Anand K.] Ft Valley State Univ, Agr Res Stn, Ft Valley, GA USA. RP Adelberg, J (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jadlbrg@clemson.edu FU USDA [2002-02989, 2002-38814-12612] FX We thank USDA-CSREES Research project 2002-02989 (Award # 2002-38814-12612 to Fort Valley State University) for supporting this research. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1723 EP 1728 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300027 ER PT J AU Coffelt, TA Ray, DT AF Coffelt, T. A. Ray, D. T. TI Cutting height effects on guayule latex, rubber, and resin yields SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Harvest date; Germplasm; Latex; Rubber; Resin; Biomass; Parthenium argentatum; Guayule; Agronomic practices ID PARTHENIUM-ARGENTATUM; IGE ANTIBODIES AB Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and as an energy source have also been identified. Major advances have been made since 1970 in the development of improved guayule germplasm. However, the effects of harvesting practices such as cutting height and frequency on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. These results are needed in order to develop production schemes for successful commercialization of guayule. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of five guayule lines harvested at two cutting heights over 3 years and five harvesting schedules. Harvesting at 100% of plant height gave higher yields than harvesting at 50% of plant height independent of the harvest schedule. Harvesting at 100% after 4 years of growth gave the highest yields, but more research is needed to determine if harvesting on a 2-year schedule may be better for harvesting equipment and extraction equipment. AZ-2 and AZ101 were the largest plants, while N9-3 and 11591 were smaller with AZ-1 intermediate. As indicated in previous studies, the environment plays a large role in determining biomass, latex, rubber, and resin yields in guayule. In the future, optimum harvesting schemes at 100% of plant height may need to be developed for each line and environment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Coffelt, T. A.] ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. [Ray, D. T.] Univ Arizona, Div Hort & Crop Sci, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Coffelt, TA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM terry.coffelt@ars.usda.gov FU Fund for Rural America [97-36200:FRS306180]; Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems [00-52104-9660] FX The authors thank Amy Clark, Marcal H. A. Jorge, Greg Leake, Melinda Main, Ghislaine Majeau, Valerie Teetor, Maren Veatch-Blohm, Stephen Vinyard, Cynthia Walker, and Elisabeth Wittenberg for technical assistance. The research was supported in part by a grant from the Fund for Rural America #97-36200:FRS306180 and a grant from the Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems #00-52104-9660. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 264 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.04.018 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 677AU UT WOS:000283962300012 ER PT J AU Eller, FJ Clausen, CA Green, F Taylor, SL AF Eller, F. J. Clausen, C. A. Green, F. Taylor, S. L. TI Critical fluid extraction of Juniperus virginiana L. and bioactivity of extracts against subterranean termites and wood-rot fungi SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Eastern subterranean termite; Extraction; Impregnation; Juniperus virginiana; Wood decay fungi; Wood preservation ID RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES KOLLAR; EASTERN-RED-CEDAR; UNITED-STATES; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES; HEARTWOOD EXTRACTS; ESSENTIAL OILS; VOLATILE OIL; BARK SAPWOOD; REDCEDAR; RHINOTERMITIDAE AB Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana L) is an abundant renewable resource and represents a vast potential source of valuable natural products that may serve as natural biocides. Both the wood and needles from J. virginiana were extracted using liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO(2)) as well as ethanol (EtOH) and the yields determined. Wood blocks were vacuum impregnated with the extracts and subsequently tested for resistance against eastern subterranean termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) and two species of brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta). Cedarwood oil (CWO) yields (fresh weight) were 2.3% and 5.9% using L-CO(2) (CWO-CO(2)) and EtOH (CWO-EtOH). respectively. The yield (i.e., fresh weight) of juniper leaf oil using EtOH was 6.6% of the unground needles. Laboratory termite testing indicated that the ethanol extract of needles was lethal to the termites and resulted in no damage to the test blocks. The CWO-CO(2) and the CWO-EtOH treatments were statistically equivalent and both exhibited significant resistance to termite damage compared to untreated controls. The CWO extracts were significantly more effective against G. trabeum than P. placenta. For G. trabeum. the CO(2)-derived CWO was statistically equivalent to the uninoculated control. On the other hand, for P. placenta, only the EtOH-derived CWO conferred any significant inhibition. The ethanol extract of the needles did not inhibit either test fungus. These extracts from J. virginianna may provide a renewable source of safe natural wood preservatives. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Eller, F. J.; Taylor, S. L.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Clausen, C. A.; Green, F.] US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Eller, FJ (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM Fred.Eller@ARS.USDA.gov NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.06.018 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 677AU UT WOS:000283962300045 ER PT J AU Bridgers, EN Chinn, MS Truong, VD AF Bridgers, E. Nicole Chinn, Mari S. Truong, Van-Den TI Extraction of anthocyanins from industrial purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes and enzymatic hydrolysis of residues for fermentable sugars SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Purple-fleshed sweetpotato; Solvent extraction; Anthocyanins; Liquefaction; Saccharification; Ethanol ID ACYLATED ANTHOCYANINS; IPOMOEA-BATATAS; FOOD COLORANTS; CULTIVARS; QUALITY; PHENOLS AB Recent trends in health and wellness as well as fossil fuel dependent markets provide opportunities for agricultural crops as renewable resources in partial replacement of synthetic components in food, clothing and fuels. This investigation focused on purple-fleshed industrial sweetpotatoes (ISPs), a crop which is used for industrial purposes because it produces relatively high quantities of antioxidants in the form of anthocyanins as well as high starch content for potential hydrolysis into fermentable sugars. Laboratory extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis studies were conducted on purple-fleshed ISPs in order to evaluate the effects of solvent, extraction temperature and solid loading on recovery of anthocyanins and fermentable sugars. Total monomeric anthocyanin and phenolic concentrations of the extracts were measured. Residual solids from anthocyanin extraction were subsequently hydrolyzed for sugar production (maltotriose, maltose, glucose and fructose). Extraction temperature of 80 degrees C using acidified methanol at 3.3% (w/v) solid loading showed the highest anthocyanin recovery at 186.1 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/100g fw. Acidified solvents resulted in 10-45% and 16-46% more anthocyanins than non-acidified solvents of ethanol and methanol, respectively. On average, glucose production ranged from 268 to 395 mg/g dry ISP. Solid residues that went through extraction with acidified ethanol at 50 degrees C at 17% (w/v) solid loading had the highest average production of glucose at 395 mg/g dry ISP. Residues from methanol solvents had lower glucose production after hydrolysis compared to those of ethanol based extraction. Fermentation of produced sugars from ISP residues was limited, where 38% less ethanol was produced from extraction residues compared to treatments that did not undergo initial extraction. Overall, purple-fleshed ISPs are amenable to anthocyanin and phenolic extraction, making it a suitable substrate for development of industrial colorants and dyes. However, more research is needed to obtain a suitable extraction point when trying to achieve a high recovery of anthocyanins and effective starch conversion to fermentable glucose. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bridgers, E. Nicole; Chinn, Mari S.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Truong, Van-Den] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, SAA Food Sci Res Unit, Dept Food Bioproc & Nutr Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Chinn, MS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 3110 Faucette Dr,277 Weaver Labs,Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM nicolebridgers@gmail.com; mschinn@ncsu.edu; den.truong@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 613 EP 620 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.07.020 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 677AU UT WOS:000283962300066 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Kim, KI Forcella, F AF Gesch, Russ W. Kim, Ki-In Forcella, Frank TI Influence of seeding rate and row spacing on cuphea seed yield in the Northern Corn Belt SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Cuphea; Seed yield; Planting rate; Row spacing ID PLANT-POPULATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; SOWING DATE; WATER-USE; DENSITY; GROWTH; CROP AB Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. X C. lanceolate W.T. Aiton: PSR23) is a new oilseed crop adapted to temperate climates that provides a rich source of medium-chain triglycerides. Although prior research indicated cuphea seed yield is not greatly affected by row spacing due to its indeterminate growth, little is known about optimum seeding rate. The present study was designed to test effects of varying seeding rate with row spacing on seed yield. Seed was sown at rates of 4.5, 9.0, and 13.4 kg ha(-1) in 380, 560, and 740 mm spaced rows in west central Minnesota during 2002 and 2003. Seeding rate did have a significant effect on seed yield and harvest index in 2002, but not in 2003. In 2002, yield under the 9.0 kg ha(-1) rate was 47 and 19% greater than the highest and lowest seeding rates, respectively. The interaction of row spacing and seeding rate was generally not significant. Cuphea does have good yield plasticity over a range of row spacing and seeding rates. However, results generally indicated that a seeding rate of around 9.0 kg ha(-1) is near optimum for PSR23 cuphea production and that row spacing less than 740 mm tended to favor greater seed and biomass yields. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gesch, Russ W.; Forcella, Frank] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Kim, Ki-In] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. EM russ.gesch@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 3 BP 692 EP 695 DI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.07.017 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 677AU UT WOS:000283962300081 ER PT J AU Strock, JS Kleinman, PJA King, KW Delgado, JA AF Strock, Jeffrey S. Kleinman, Peter J. A. King, Kevin W. Delgado, Jorge A. TI Drainage water management for water quality protection SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article ID PRECISION CONSERVATION; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; COASTAL-PLAIN; UNITED-STATES; SUBSURFACE; DITCHES; LOSSES; SOIL; MOVEMENT; IMPACT C1 [Strock, Jeffrey S.] Univ Minnesota, Lamberton, MN USA. [Kleinman, Peter J. A.] ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA USA. ARS, USDA, Columbus, OH USA. [Delgado, Jorge A.] ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Strock, JS (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Lamberton, MN USA. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 25 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 65 IS 6 SI SI BP 131A EP 136A DI 10.2489/jswc.65.6.131A PG 6 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 679VP UT WOS:000284189200001 ER PT J AU Mudgal, A Anderson, SH Baffaut, C Kitchen, NR Sadler, EJ AF Mudgal, A. Anderson, S. H. Baffaut, C. Kitchen, N. R. Sadler, E. J. TI Effects of long-term soil and crop management on soil hydraulic properties for claypan soils SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE claypan; native prairie; pore-size distributions; row crop; saturated hydraulic conductivity; soil water retention ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM; BULK-DENSITY; SWAT MODEL; LOAM SOIL; WATER; CONDUCTIVITY; PRODUCTIVITY; EROSION; INFILTRATION; SENSITIVITY AB Various land management decisions are based on local soil properties. These sod properties include average values from soil characterization for each soil series. In reality, these properties might be variable due to substantially different management, even for similar soil series. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that for claypan soils, hydraulic properties can be significantly affected by long-term soil and crop management. Sampling was conducted during the summer of 2008 from two fields with Mexico silt loam (Vertic Epiaqualfs). One field has been under continuous row crop cultivation for over 100 years (Field), while the other field is a native prairie that has never been tilled (Tucker Prairie). Soil cores (76 x 76 mm [3.0 x 3.0 in]) from six replicate locations from each field were sampled to a 60 cm (24 in) depth at 10 cm (3.9 in) intervals. Samples were analyzed for bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)), soil water retention, and pore-size distributions. Values of coarse (60 to 1,000 mu m [0.0024 to 0.039 in] effective diameter) and fine mesoporosity (10 to 60 mu m [0.00039 to 0.0024 in] effective diameter) for the Field site (0.044 and 0.053 m(3) m(-3) [0.044 and 0.053 in(3) in(-3)]) were almost half those values from the Tucker Prairie site (0.081 and 0.086 m(3) m(-3) [0.081 and 0.086 in(3) in(-3)]). The geometric mean value of K(sat) was 57 times higher in the native prairie site (316 mm h(-1) [12.4 in hr(-1])) than in the cropped field.(5.55 mm h(-1) [0.219 in hr(-1)]) for the first 10 cm (3.9 in) interval. Differences in K(sat), values were partly explained by the significant differences in pore-size distributions. The bulk density of the surf-ace layer at the Tucker Prairie site (0.81 g cm(-3) [50.6 lb ft(-3)]) was two-thirds of the value at the Field site (1.44 g cm(-3) [89.9 lb ft(-3)]), and was significantly different throughout the soil profile, except for the 20 to 30 cm (7.9 to 12 in) depth. These results show that row crop management and its effect on soil loss have significantly altered the hydraulic properties for this soil. Results from this study increase our understanding of the effects of long-term soil management on soil hydraulic properties. C1 [Mudgal, A.; Anderson, S. H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Baffaut, C.; Kitchen, N. R.; Sadler, E. J.] ARS, USDA, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Mudgal, A (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil Environm & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 65 IS 6 SI SI BP 393 EP 403 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.6.393 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 679VP UT WOS:000284189200009 ER PT J AU Cho, J Vellidis, G Bosch, DD Lowrance, R Strickland, T AF Cho, J. Vellidis, G. Bosch, D. D. Lowrance, R. Strickland, T. TI Water quality effects of simulated conservation practice scenarios in the Little River Experimental watershed SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE alternative scenarios; buffer; conservation practices; nutrients; riparian forest; sediment; Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT); water quality ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; EFFECTS ASSESSMENT PROJECT; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; SWAT; GEORGIA; BUFFERS; SOLIDS AB The goal of this study was to evaluate the water quality effects of alternative conservation practice scenarios using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in the Little River Experimental watershed, a representative coastal plain watershed located in southern Georgia. We simulated the water quality effect of two suites of upland conservation practices (CPs)-one targeting erosion and the other targeting nutrients. We also simulated the impact of riparian forest buffers. Finally, we evaluated three different management scenarios for implementing the upland CPs: using a random approach, using subwatershed stream order as a prioritization criterion, and using subwatershed nonpoint source pollutant load as a prioritization criterion. The study showed that using subwatershed nonpoint source pollutant load as a prioritization criterion resulted in the most rapid water quality improvements. This improvement in water quality was nonlinear, while the other implementation schemes yield linear returns. Full implementation of the suite of CPs targeting erosion resulted in the greatest reductions of sediment (54.7%) and total phosphorus (55.9%) loads from upland crop areas. Full implementation of the suite of CPs targeting nutrient reduction resulted in the greatest total nitrogen load reduction (10.3%). Overall, an intact riparian forest buffer offered the most comprehensive reduction of nonpoint source pollutant loads-20.5% for sediment, 19.5% for total phosphorus, and 7.0% for total nitrogen. Simulation results indicate that at the current time, the single greatest contributor to nonpoint source pollutant reduction in the Little River Experimental watershed may be the current level of riparian forest cover. C1 [Cho, J.] ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. [Vellidis, G.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA USA. [Bosch, D. D.; Lowrance, R.; Strickland, T.] ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA USA. RP Cho, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID USA. OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-51130-02377]; USDA ARS Current Research Information System; Hatch fund; State fund FX Funding for this project was provided by a grant from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Integrated Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program-National Integrated Water Quality Program, CEAP (Award No. 2005-51130-02377), by USDA ARS Current Research Information System project funds, and by Hatch and State funds allocated to the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 65 IS 6 SI SI BP 463 EP 473 DI 10.2489/jswc.65.6.463 PG 11 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 679VP UT WOS:000284189200015 ER PT J AU Squires, JR Decesare, NJ Kolbe, JA Ruggiero, LF AF Squires, John R. Decesare, Nicholas J. Kolbe, Jay A. Ruggiero, Leonard F. TI Seasonal Resource Selection of Canada Lynx in Managed Forests of the Northern Rocky Mountains SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Canada lynx; ecological scale; forest management; habitat selection; logistic regression; Lynx canadensis; Montana; resource selection ID SNOWSHOE HARE ABUNDANCE; WINTER HABITAT SELECTION; WEST-CENTRAL ALBERTA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ECOLOGICAL SCALE; GRIZZLY BEARS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; HUNTING BEHAVIOR; LANDSCAPE; RESPONSES AB We investigated seasonal patterns in resource selection of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) in the northern Rockies (western MT, USA) from 1998 to 2002 based on backtracking in winter (577 km; 10 M, 7 F) and radiotelemetry (630 locations; 16 M, 11 F) in summer. During winter, lynx preferentially foraged in mature, multilayer forests with Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in the overstory and midstory. Forests used during winter were composed of larger diameter trees with higher horizontal cover, more abundant snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), and deeper snow compared to random availability; multilayer, spruce-fir forests provided high horizontal cover with tree branching that touched the snow surface. During winter, lynx killed prey at sites with higher horizontal cover than that along foraging paths. Lynx were insensitive to snow depth or penetrability in determining where they killed prey. During summer, lynx broadened their resource use to select younger forests with high horizontal cover, abundant total shrubs, abundant small-diameter trees, and dense saplings, especially spruce-fir saplings. Based on multivariate logistic-regression models, resource selection occurred primarily at a fine spatial scale as was consistent with a sight-hunting predator in dense forests. However, univariate comparisons of patch-level metrics indicated that lynx selected homogenous spruce-fir patches, and avoided recent clear-cuts or other open patches. Given that lynx in Montana exhibit seasonal differences in resource selection, we encourage managers to maintain habitat mosaics. Because winter habitat may be most limiting for lynx, these mosaics should include abundant multistory, mature spruce-fir forests with high horizontal cover that are spatially well-distributed. C1 [Squires, John R.; Ruggiero, Leonard F.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Decesare, Nicholas J.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Kolbe, Jay A.] Montana Fish Wildlife & Pk, Seeley Lake, MT 59868 USA. RP Squires, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM jsquires@fs.fed.us FU Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, Montana; Plum Creek Timber Company; Bureau of Land Management FX We acknowledge the many excellent technicians that assisted with field data collection. Research was funded by the Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, Montana. We thank Plum Creek Timber Company and the Bureau of Land Management for additional financial support; we also thank Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks and the Seeley Lake District, United States Forest Service for their cooperation and logistical support. We thank R. King for providing statistical advice and review. We also thank J. Ganey, M. Rumble, and 2 anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. NR 102 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1648 EP 1660 DI 10.2193/2009-184 PG 13 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000003 ER PT J AU Berg, ND Gese, EM AF Berg, Nathan D. Gese, Eric M. TI Relationship Between Fecal Pellet Counts and Snowshoe Hare Density in Western Wyoming SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE density; fecal pellet; Lepus americanus; mark-recapture; snowshoe hare; Wyoming ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; CANADA-LYNX; POPULATION-DENSITY; LEPUS-AMERICANUS; HABITAT USE; ABUNDANCE; FOREST; ALBERTA; WINTER; PLOTS AB Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are an important prey species for Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and are considered critical for lynx population persistence. Determination of snowshoe hare distribution and abundance is needed by land management agencies for lynx conservation. An accepted approach for estimating snowshoe hare abundance is the use of fecal-pellet plot counts. Locally derived regression equations are preferred for accurate calibration of pellet counts to snowshoe hare density due to local differences in pellet deposition and decomposition. We used linear regression to examine correlations between snowshoe hare density, as determined by mark-recapture estimates, and pellet plot counts on both uncleared plots and annually cleared plots on the Bridger-Teton National Forest, western Wyoming, USA. We found significant correlations between snowshoe hare density estimates and fecal pellet counts for both uncleared and annually cleared pellet counts; however, the relationship was stronger (higher r) when using pellet counts from annually cleared plots. In addition, we found that adjusting the buffer size by omitting hard habitat edges (not used by hares) around trapping grids improved correlations between snowshoe hare density and fecal pellet counts for both uncleared plots and annually cleared plots. Though precision is sacrificed when using uncleared plots, they may be useful as a coarse index of habitat use by snowshoe hares. Our derived regression equations may be useful to identify important foraging habitat for Canada lynx in western Wyoming. Land managers responsible for conserving snowshoe hare habitat in western Wyoming may use these equations to monitor changes in hare populations among habitats and during prescribed management actions. C1 [Berg, Nathan D.; Gese, Eric M.] Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Berg, ND (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM nathanberg@fs.fed.us RI Gese, Eric/B-4578-2011 FU United States Forest Service; United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services; National Wildlife Research Center; Logan Field Station; Utah State University; Wyoming Game and Fish Department; Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation FX Financial and logistical support provided by the United States Forest Service, the United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Logan Field Station, Utah State University, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and Endeavor Wildlife Research Foundation. We thank K. Johnson and L. Koch for their encouragement in initiating this research, recruiting technicians and volunteers, and helping with logistics; P. McEachern and N. Smith for valuable field assistance; R. Oakleaf and S. Patla for providing traps; J. Squires, K. Hodges, and D. Murray for valuable suggestions on protocols and methods; and J. Squires and F. Provenza for review of the manuscript. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1745 EP 1751 DI 10.2193/2009-354 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000013 ER PT J AU Seamans, TW Beckerman, S Hartmann, J Rader, JA Blackwell, BF AF Seamans, Thomas W. Beckerman, Scott Hartmann, John Rader, James A. Blackwell, Bradley F. TI Reporting Difference for Colored Patagial Tags on Ring-Billed Gulls SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Larus delawarensis; patagial tags; ring-billed gulls; tagging bias ID MARK-RESIGHT SURVEYS; CALIFORNIA GULLS; VISUAL PIGMENTS; HERRING-GULLS; ZEBRA FINCHES; OIL DROPLETS; BAND-COLOR; WING TAGS; PREFERENCES; BIRDS AB The possible role of tag color in mediating behaviors that could bias resighting rate has not been examined. In a study that began in 2007, we marked 725 ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) with Bondcote royal blue, green, yellow, or orange patagial tags. Reports we gathered over 2 years indicated approximately a 3.4:1 bias in resighting rate toward yellow or orange tags. The observed bias is inconsistent with color-associated visibility bias or differential mortality among color-tagged breeding adults. Potential behavioral effects of tag color on individuals and conspecifics should be considered by biologists when planning marking studies. C1 [Seamans, Thomas W.; Blackwell, Bradley F.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. [Beckerman, Scott; Hartmann, John; Rader, James A.] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. RP Seamans, TW (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM thomas.w.seamans@USDA.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1926 EP 1930 DI 10.2193/2009-304 PG 5 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000035 ER PT J AU Weegman, MD Kaminski, RM Wang, GM Schummer, ML Ezell, AW Leininger, TD AF Weegman, Mitch D. Kaminski, Richard M. Wang, Guiming Schummer, Michael L. Ezell, Andrew W. Leininger, Theodor D. TI Sweep-Net Sampling Acorns in Forested Wetlands SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acorns; bottomland hardwoods; estimation; oak; Quercus; recovery rate; red oak; sweep net; waterfowl ID MISSISSIPPI AB We are unaware of any previous studies to evaluate using a sweep net to estimate abundance of red oak acorns (Quercus spp.) after they fall from tree crowns, sink to the ground in flooded bottomlands (i.e., sound acorns), and become potential food for animals or propagules for seedlings. We placed known numbers of white-painted red oak acorns of 3 size classes and used a sweep net to recover them in a flooded hardwood bottomland in Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge, Mississippi, USA. We recovered large acorns 1.96 and 1.32 times more often than small and medium acorns, respectively. Mean recovery rate of all marked acorns across size and density classes was 34.0 +/- 7.0% (SE, n = 9). Thus, sweep-net sampling for sound acorns in flooded oak bottomlands may yield negatively biased estimates of acorn abundance, and investigators should consider using correction factors. C1 [Weegman, Mitch D.; Kaminski, Richard M.; Wang, Guiming; Schummer, Michael L.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Ezell, Andrew W.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Leininger, Theodor D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Weegman, MD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Aquaculture, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM mweegman@cfr.msstate.edu RI Wang, Guiming/E-4582-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Center for Bottomlands Hardwoods Research; Mississippi State University Forest and Wildlife Research Center (FWRC); Departments of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture (WFA) and Forestry FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Center for Bottomlands Hardwoods Research, through a grant to the Mississippi State University Forest and Wildlife Research Center (FWRC) and the Departments of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture (WFA) and Forestry. We thank H. Hagy and J. Straub for reviewing a draft of our manuscript and the Mississippi State University student chapter of The Wildlife Society for collecting acorns. Our manuscript has been approved for publication as article FWRC-WFA-302. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 8 BP 1931 EP 1933 DI 10.2193/2009-496 PG 3 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678UN UT WOS:000284107000036 ER PT J AU Qin, SP Hu, CS Wang, YY Li, XX He, XH AF Qin, Shuping Hu, Chunsheng Wang, Yuying Li, Xiaoxin He, Xinhua TI Tillage Effects on Intracellular and Extracellular Soil Urease Activities Determined by an Improved Chloroform Fumigation Method SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chloroform fumigation; intracellular urease activity; moldboard plowing ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; CORYNEBACTERIUM-GLUTAMICUM; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; NITROGEN; NITRATE AB The intracellular urease activity in soils determined by the chloroform fumigation method is underestimated because of urease degradation by soil protease and denaturation by chloroform. The objectives of this study were to correct this underestimation and to investigate the responses of intracellular, extracellular, and total urease activities to no-tillage, reduced tillage, and moldboard plowing treatments. Surface layer soils (0-20 cm) after 8-year different tillage treatments were collected. First, the soil samples were fumigated with ethanol-free chloroform in the presence of a protease inhibitor. Subsequently, a urease addition experiment was conducted to determine what percentage of soil urease was denatured during the fumigation procedure. Our results showed that the corrected intracellular urease activities in soils under no-tillage, reduced tillage, and moldboard plowing accounted for 58.2%, 62.3%, and 51.7% of the total urease activity, respectively. Both no-tillage and reduced tillage significantly increased the intracellular, extracellular, and total urease activities compared with moldboard plowing. The ratio between intracellular and extracellular urease activities was not significantly different between no-tillage and reduced tillage probably because the soil ammonia content was similar under these treatments. The three urease activity pools were significantly correlated with soil organic C, microbial biomass C and N, and available P. These results indicate that both the intracellular and extracellular urease activities were sensitive indicators for monitoring soil quality under different tillage practices. C1 [Qin, Shuping; Hu, Chunsheng; Wang, Yuying; Li, Xiaoxin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Shijiazhuang 050021, Peoples R China. [Qin, Shuping] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. [He, Xinhua] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Houghton, MI USA. RP Hu, CS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Ctr Agr Resources Res, Shijiazhuang 050021, Peoples R China. EM meimei841114@163.com RI Qin, Shuping /B-4451-2010; Hu, Chunsheng /F-2115-2014; He, Xinhua/B-8047-2015 OI He, Xinhua/0000-0002-5570-3454 FU National Science and Technology Support Programme of China [2008ZX07209-007]; Major State Basic Research Development Program of China [2010CB833501-01-19]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2007AA10Z217] FX This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Programme of China (2008ZX07209-007), the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2010CB833501-01-19), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA10Z217). NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 175 IS 11 BP 568 EP 572 DI 10.1097/SS.0b013e3181fa2810 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 677LF UT WOS:000283993200007 ER PT J AU Hall, H Li, YC Comerford, N Gardini, EA Cernades, LZ Baligar, V Popenoe, H AF Hall, Hollie Li, Yuncong Comerford, Nicholas Arevalo Gardini, Enrique Zuniga Cernades, Luis Baligar, Virupax Popenoe, Hugh TI Cover crops alter phosphorus soil fractions and organic matter accumulation in a Peruvian cacao agroforestry system SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Leguminous plants; Mehlich I; Sequential fractionation; Tropical soil fertility ID RHIZOSPHERE; PRODUCTIVITY; SEDIMENTS; OXISOLS; PLANTS; MAIZE; POOLS AB In many tropical soils, excessive weathering of primary minerals confounded by intense agricultural production has resulted in the depletion of organic matter and plant available forms of phosphorus (P). Long-term growth of cover crops in tropical agroforestry systems have been shown to influence nutrient cycling, and soil organic matter pools. The objective of this experiment was to assess the affect of 2 years of cover-crop cultivation on organic matter accumulation and P bioavailability using Mehlich I and sequential fractionation methods. The experiment included six treatments in the understory of a cacao-plantain agroforestry system adjacent to lower montane tropical forests of the San Martin district of Eastern Peru. Cacao and plantain formed the primary canopy on otherwise abandoned agricultural land. The treatments consisted of four perennial leguminous cover crops (Arachis pintoi, Calopogonium mucunoides, Canavaha ensiformis, and Centrosema macrocarpum), a non-legume cover crop (Callisia repens), and a control treatment (no cover crop). After only 2 years of cultivation, results suggest that all cover crop species accessed residual P pools in 0-5 cm soil depths as indicated by a decrease in the 0.5 M HCl extractable P pools when compared to control. Additional use of residual P pools by A. pinto! and C. macrocarpum were indicated by significant reduction in the 6.0 M HCl extractable P pool. Relative to control, there was no treatment effect on soil organic matter content; however significant differences occurred between treatments. The C. ensiformis, C. mucunoides and C. repens treatments in 5-15 cm soil depths contained significantly more organic matter than the A. pintoi treatment. In 15-30 cm soil depths the C. ensiformis treatment contains significantly more organic matter than the A. pinto! treatment. Continued research should focus on monitoring the long-term effects of cover crop cultivation on the bioavailability of soil P pools in surface soil horizons, development of organic matter pools and the productivity of the agroforestry species. C1 [Hall, Hollie; Li, Yuncong; Comerford, Nicholas; Popenoe, Hugh] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Arevalo Gardini, Enrique; Zuniga Cernades, Luis] ICT, Tarapoto, San Martin, Peru. [Baligar, Virupax] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Hall, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM HRHall@UFL.EDU RI Li, Yuncong/B-9517-2009 FU Latin American Studies Research Grant fund; University of Florida FX The authors would like to thank the many sources of assistance thin made this work possible. In terms of laboratory and field assistance, the authors would like to acknowledge the many people at the Forest Soils Laboratory. Tropical Research & Education Centers Soil and Water Sciences Laboratory, and at the Instituto de Cultivos for the generosity of their time Specifically, at the Forest Sods Laboratory the authors thank Aja Stoppe At the Tropical Research & Education Centers Soil and Water Sciences Laboratory, the authors thank Guingin Yu, Yun Qian, and Laura Rosado. At the Instituto de Cultivos Tropicales, the authors thank the all of their employees In terms of funding, the authors would like to thank the Latin American Studies Research Grant fund, and the Tinker Grant fund at the University of Florida NR 39 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 80 IS 3 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1007/s10457-010-9333-8 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 674AX UT WOS:000283706800011 ER PT J AU Kasari, TR AF Kasari, Thomas R. TI Thoughts on the threat of Ehrlichia ruminantium infection Response SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 [Kasari, Thomas R.] Vet Serv, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, APHIS,USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Kasari, Thomas R.] Vet Serv, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Anim Hlth, APHIS,USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kasari, TR (reprint author), Vet Serv, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, APHIS,USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 237 IS 9 BP 1020 EP 1020 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 673DW UT WOS:000283640300026 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH Trout, TJ Rothfuss, Y AF Skaggs, Todd H. Trout, Thomas J. Rothfuss, Youri TI Drip Irrigation Water Distribution Patterns: Effects of Emitter Rate, Pulsing, and Antecedent Water SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TRICKLE IRRIGATION; ALTERNATIVE FUMIGANTS; WETTING PATTERNS; POINT SOURCES; SOIL; SYSTEM; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT; HYDRUS-2D; MODEL AB Drip irrigation is more effective and less expensive if a large amount of soil can be wetted with each emitter without losing water or nutrients below the root zone. The distance that water spreads horizontally from a drip line and the volume of soil wetted are limiting factors that determine the spacing and number of drip lines and emitters, the frequency of irrigation, and thus the cost of irrigation. We used numerical simulations and field trials to investigate the effects of application rate, pulsed water application, and antecedent water content on the spreading of water from drip emitters. Simulation results showed that pulsing and lower application rates produced minor increases in horizontal spreading at the end of water application. The small increases were primarily due to longer irrigation times, however, and not to flow phenomena associated with pulsing or low application rates. Moreover, the small increases mostly disappeared after the infiltrated water had redistributed for a period of 24 h. Field trials confirmed the simulation findings, with no statistically significant difference in wetting being found among five water application treatments involving pulsed applications and varying application rates. The simulations showed that higher antecedent water content increases water spreading from drip irrigation systems, but the increases were greater in the vertical direction than in the horizontal, an undesirable outcome if crop roots are shallow or groundwater contamination is a concern. Overall, soil texture (hydraulic properties) and antecedent water content largely determine the spreading and distribution of a given water application, with pulsing and flow rate having very little impact. C1 [Skaggs, Todd H.] USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Rothfuss, Youri] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Todd.Skaggs@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 36 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1886 EP 1896 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0341 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676FS UT WOS:000283897000004 ER PT J AU Nouwakpo, SK Huang, CH Bowling, L Owens, P AF Nouwakpo, Sayiro K. Huang, Chi-hua Bowling, Laura Owens, Phillip TI Impact of Vertical Hydraulic Gradient on Rill Erodibility and Critical Shear Stress SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COHESIVE POWDERS; SOIL-EROSION; WATER; SEEPAGE; ELUTRIATION; STABILITY; SEDIMENT; FORCES; FLOW; BED AB Field observations and subsequent support from controlled lab experiments have shown the linkage between vertical hydraulic gradients and initiation of rills or incised channels. Nevertheless, current erosion prediction models do not include the hydraulic gradient effect in the erodibility parameters. The objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify the impact of a subsurface hydraulic gradient on rill erodibility and critical shear stress; and (ii) determine the intrinsic critical shear stress of the soil, which is the critical shear stress of the soil without the influence of the vertical hydraulic gradient. Two series of concentrated flow experiments were conducted on a silt loam soil subjected to hydraulic gradients varying from -2 to 2 m m(-1). The first series measured soil loss at a given shear stress, while the second was a direct measurement of the critical shear stress by calculating the shear stress at the point of incipient motion of particles. The intrinsic critical shear stress was determined using a fluidized bed approach. We found that the average erodibility under an upward or positive hydraulic gradient was 5.64 times larger than that under a downward hydraulic gradient. The critical shear stress decreased from 1.0 to 0.2 Pa as the hydraulic gradient was increased from -2 to 2 m m(-1). Using the fluidized bed approach, we obtained an inherent critical shear stress value of 1.61 Pa. We concluded that the presence of positive pore pressure near the soil surface was a major factor in reducing soil cohesion. We also concluded that with some improvements, the fluidized bed concept can be applied to determine the critical shear stress independent of the hydraulic gradient effect. C1 [Nouwakpo, Sayiro K.; Bowling, Laura; Owens, Phillip] Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Huang, Chi-hua] USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nouwakpo, SK (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dep Agron, 275 S Russell St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM snouwakp@purdue.edu RI Bowling, Laura/B-6963-2013 OI Bowling, Laura/0000-0002-1439-3154 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 24 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1914 EP 1921 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0096 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676FS UT WOS:000283897000006 ER PT J AU Nemes, A Quebedeaux, B Timlin, DJ AF Nemes, A. Quebedeaux, B. Timlin, D. J. TI Ensemble Approach to Provide Uncertainty Estimates of Soil Bulk Density SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER RETENTION; IGNITION LOSS; FOREST SOILS; ACCURACY; SCALE AB Large scale environmental impact studies typically involve the use of simulation models and require a variety of inputs, some of which may need to be estimated in absence of adequate measured data. An important input, soil bulk density (D(b)) affects conditions for soil aeration, solute transport, and storage as well as the outcome of soil C stock calculations. Correct representation of D(b) in simulation studies is essential since any bias or uncertainty will propagate through a variety of processes and time steps. We used the U.S.-wide NRCS National Soil Survey Characterization (NSSC) database of point measurements and the 'k-nearest neighbor' (k-NN) pattern recognition algorithm combined with random resampling without replacement to estimate D(b) and its uncertainty. Soil particle-size distribution and organic C content were utilized as inputs and soil taxonomy classification, sample depth, and soil horizon notation were tested as optional grouping and limiting factors to the calibration (reference) data. We obtained an overall root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.17 g cm(-3) and mean error (ME) of 0.01 g cm(-3). Grouping samples by taxonomic classification proved to be advantageous, while limiting samples by depth helped avoid depth-specific bias in the estimations. Grouping samples by horizon notation did not yield significant improvement due to the great variability of bulk density within horizons of the same notation. Varying the proportion of data used in the resampled data subsets can be used to establish greater or lesser degree of confidence in mean estimates without affecting those mean estimates. Simulation based environmental impact and risk assessment studies can be direct beneficiaries of data with characterized uncertainty. C1 [Nemes, A.; Quebedeaux, B.] Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nemes, A.; Timlin, D. J.] USDA ARS, Crop Syst & Global Change Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Nemes, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dep Plant Sci & Landscape Architecture, 2102 Plant Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM attila.nemes@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1938 EP 1945 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0370 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676FS UT WOS:000283897000009 ER PT J AU Collins, HP Smith, JL Fransen, S Alva, AK Kruger, CE Granatstein, DM AF Collins, H. P. Smith, J. L. Fransen, S. Alva, A. K. Kruger, C. E. Granatstein, D. M. TI Carbon Sequestration under Irrigated Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Production SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; BIOENERGY; CORN; CROP; BIOMASS; AGROECOSYSTEMS; POOLS; MINERALIZATION AB Perennial herbaceous crops such as switchgrass are important sources of cellulosic biomass for the developing bioenergy industry Assessments of how much C will be lost or sequestered into soil and the turnover rates of that C are needed to assist producers and policymakers in determining the long-term sustainability of biomass production. We used the natural (13)C abundance of soils to calculate the quantity and turnover of C(4)-C inputs in irrigated fields cropped to switchgrass monocultures. Soil profile root biomass produced after three seasons averaged 3.9 Mg C ha(-1) m(-1). Five years of cropping showed a 1200 kg ha(-1) increase in soil organic C (SOC) in the 0- to 15-cm depth increment, with no change below 15 cm. The surface 15 cm of soil cropped to 'Kanlow' and 'Shawnee' had a delta(13)C enrichment of 3 parts per thousand above the native uncultivated soil, with 3.6 parts per thousand for 'Cave in Rock; with an average 2 parts per thousand enrichment compared with the soil collected before switchgrass establishment. Enrichment in the 30- to 60- and 60- to 90-cm depths averaged 1.7 and 0.9 parts per thousand, respectively. The amount of soil profile C(4)-C determined by delta(13)C analysis showed a greater C input than determined by the difference in total C mass between the uncultivated native and cropped soils. The average accrual rate of C(4)-SOC was estimated at 1.0 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1). Estimates of the mean residence time of the C(3)-C under the irrigated C(4) monocultures of switchgrass were >60 yr in the 0- to 15-cm and 30 to 55 yr in the 15- to 30-cm depth increments. On average, 24% of SOC in the 0- to 15-cm depth was derived from C(4) cropping. C1 [Collins, H. P.; Alva, A. K.] USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Smith, J. L.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Fransen, S.] Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Kruger, C. E.; Granatstein, D. M.] Washington State Univ, Ctr Sustaining Agr & Nat Resources, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Collins, HP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM hal.collins@ars.usda.gov RI Kruger, Chad/A-3952-2013 FU Agricultural Research Service [5402-11000-008-00L]; BioAg Project FX This publication was based on work supported by the Agricultural Research Service under the ARS GRACEnet Project CRIS no. 5402-11000-008-00L and in part by a grant from the BioAg Project managed by the Center of Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resources at Washington State University, Puyallup. We wish to thank M. Seymour (USDA-ARS, Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit, Prosser, WA) and T. Cline (Washington State University, IAREC, Prosser, WA) for field assistance and R. Cochran and M. Silva (USDA-ARS, Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit, Prosser, WA) for sample processing and laboratory analyses. NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 2049 EP 2058 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0020 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676FS UT WOS:000283897000021 ER PT J AU Reinhart, KO Royo, AA Kageyama, SA Clay, K AF Reinhart, Kurt O. Royo, Alejandro A. Kageyama, Stacie A. Clay, Keith TI Canopy gaps decrease microbial densities and disease risk for a shade-intolerant tree species SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Community structure; Disturbance effects; Windthrow; Soil-borne pathogens; Density-dependent disease dynamics; Disease susceptibility ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; DAMPING-OFF DISEASE; PRUNUS-SEROTINA; SOIL PATHOGENS; TEMPERATE TREE; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; SPATIAL-PATTERNS; SAPLING GROWTH; ROOT-ROT AB Canopy disturbances such as windthrow events have obvious impacts on forest structure and composition aboveground, but changes in soil microbial communities and the consequences of these changes are less understood. We characterized the densities of a soil-borne pathogenic oomycete (Pythium) and a common saprotrophic zygomycete (Mortierella) in nine pairs of forest gaps created by windthrows and adjacent forest understories. We determined the levels of Pythium necessary to cause disease by performing pathogenicity experiments using two Pythium species, a range of Pythium densities, and two common tree species (Acer rubrum and Prunus serotina) from the study sites. Three years post-disturbance, densities of Mortierella remained suppressed in soil from forest gaps compared to levels in intact forest understories while varying across sites and sampling dates. Pythium were infrequently detected likely because of soil handling effects. Expression of disease symptoms increased with increasing inoculum density for seedlings of P. serotina with each Pythium spp. having a similar effect on this species. Conversely, A. rubrum appeared resistant to the two species of Pythium. These results suggest that Pythium densities at sites where they were detected are sufficient to cause disease and possibly affect establishment of susceptible species like P. serotina. Because early seral environments have lower loads of the saprotrophic Mortierella, pathogen loads may follow a similar pattern, causing susceptible species to establish more frequently in those habitats than in late-seral forests. Forest disturbances that alter the disease landscape may provide an additional mechanism for explaining succession of temperate forests in addition to the shade-tolerance paradigm. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Reinhart, Kurt O.; Kageyama, Stacie A.] USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. [Reinhart, Kurt O.; Clay, Keith] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Royo, Alejandro A.] USFS, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Reinhart, KO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, 243 Ft Keogh Rd, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. EM kurt.reinhart@ars.usda.gov RI Clay, Keith/C-8730-2012; Reinhart, Kurt/A-6730-2010 FU National Parks Ecological Research; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; National Park Service; Ecological Society of America; National Park Foundation FX The research of K.O.R. was supported by National Parks Ecological Research Fellowship Program, funded through a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation helping form a partnership between the National Park Service, the Ecological Society of America and the National Park Foundation. We appreciate Douglas Tompkins and Cheryl Murphy for assistance in the laboratory, Gloria Abad for identifying the Pythium isolates, and Scott Mangan, Matt Rinella, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on this manuscript. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 31 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 36 IS 6 BP 530 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2010.07.006 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700VP UT WOS:000285772700002 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Friso, S AF Choi, Sang-Woon Friso, Simonetta TI Epigenetics: A New Bridge between Nutrition and Health SO ADVANCES IN NUTRITION LA English DT Review AB Nutrients can reverse or change epigenetic phenomena such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, thereby modifying the expression of critical genes associated with physiologic and pathologic processes, including embryonic development, aging, and carcinogenesis. It appears that nutrients and bioactive food components can influence epigenetic phenomena either by directly inhibiting enzymes that catalyze DNA methylation or histone modifications, or by altering the availability of substrates necessary for those enzymatic reactions. In this regard, nutritional epigenetics has been viewed as an attractive tool to prevent pediatric developmental diseases and cancer as well as to delay aging-associated processes. In recent years, epigenetics has become an emerging issue in a broad range of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammation, and neurocognitive disorders. Although the possibility of developing a treatment or discovering preventative measures of these diseases is exciting, current knowledge in nutritional epigenetics is limited, and further studies are needed to expand the available resources and better understand the use of nutrients or bioactive food components for maintaining our health and preventing diseases through modifiable epigenetic mechanisms. Adv. Nutr. 1:8-16, 2010. C1 [Choi, Sang-Woon] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Friso, Simonetta] Univ Verona, Sch Med, Dept Med, I-37134 Verona, Italy. RP Choi, SW (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamins & Carcinogenesis Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM sang.choi@tufts.edu FU USDA [581950-9-001]; NIH [R21 AA016681, R01 AG025834] FX Supported by the USDA under agreement no. 581950-9-001. Any opinions, findings, conclusion, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDA. This project has been supported in part by NIH grants R21 AA016681 and R01 AG025834 (S-W.C.). NR 75 TC 125 Z9 129 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 2161-8313 J9 ADV NUTR JI Adv. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.3945/an.110.1004 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA V27BP UT WOS:000208589000004 PM 22043447 ER PT J AU Sharratt, B Wendling, L Feng, GL AF Sharratt, Brenton Wendling, Laura Feng, Guanglong TI Windblown dust affected by tillage intensity during summer fallow SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Wind erosion; Air quality; Dust; Tillage; PM10 ID COLUMBIA PLATEAU; WIND EROSION; WHEAT-FALLOW; SOIL AB Winter wheat summer fallow is the conventional crop rotation used on more than 1.5 million ha of agricultural land in the low precipitation zone of the Columbia Plateau in the Pacific Northwest United States. This land is very susceptible to wind erosion during summer fallow because multiple tillage operations during fallow degrade and expose the soil to high winds. We examined possible alternatives to conventional tillage for reducing the emission of windblown PM10 (particulate matter <= 10 mu m in aerodynamic diameter) during summer fallow. Soil was subject to seven (conventional), five (reduced), three (delayed-minimum), and zero (no) tillage operations between harvest in July 2004 and sowing in August 2005. Sediment catch and PM10 concentration and wind speed profiles were measured after each tillage operation and sowing under simulated high winds (using a portable wind tunnel) to estimate horizontal sediment and PM10 flux. Horizontal sediment and PM10 flux generally decreased with a decrease in number or intensity of tillage operations. No tillage resulted in the lowest sediment and PM10 flux after most tillage operations; no tillage, however, is not yet an economically viable management option for the region. Sediment and PM10 flux were typically lower for reduced and delayed-minimum tillage than for conventional tillage. Our study suggests that PM10 flux can be reduced from agricultural soils during the summer fallow phase of a wheat fallow rotation by using reduced or delayed-minimum tillage practices. The reduction in PM10 flux from soils will improve air quality during high winds in the region. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sharratt, Brenton] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wendling, Laura] CSIRO Land & Water Ctr Environm Contaminants Res, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Feng, Guanglong] Washington State Univ, Dept Biosyst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM Sharratt@wsu.edu RI Wendling, Laura/C-3660-2011; Wendling, Laura/A-2745-2014 OI Wendling, Laura/0000-0002-5728-3684 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2010.03.003 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 854WV UT WOS:000297526400007 ER PT J AU Diaz-Nigenda, E Tatarko, J Jazcilevich, AD Garcia, AR Caetano, E Ruiz-Suarez, LG AF Diaz-Nigenda, Emmanuel Tatarko, John Jazcilevich, Aron D. Garcia, Agustin R. Caetano, Ernesto Gerardo Ruiz-Suarez, L. TI A modeling study of Aeolian erosion enhanced by surface wind confluences over Mexico City SO AEOLIAN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air quality models; Wind erosion; Wind confluences; Dust transport ID FIELD; CAMPAIGN; PM2.5; PM10 AB Using wind erosion and air quality models, a study on the effect of PM10, from aeolian erosion episodes in Mexico City is presented. The important contribution of aeolian erosion on urban air quality, its genesis, morphology, location and regional implications such as the role played by surface confluences, the dry Lake of Texcoco and agricultural lands to the east and south-east of Mexico City is established. All analyzed episodes showed that wind erosion is a major cause of high PM10 concentrations in Mexico City. The wind erosion and air quality models used here provide useful computational tools to study the aeolian erosion phenomenon, its sources and impact on urban regions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Diaz-Nigenda, Emmanuel; Jazcilevich, Aron D.; Garcia, Agustin R.; Caetano, Ernesto; Gerardo Ruiz-Suarez, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Tatarko, John] USDA, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Diaz-Nigenda, E (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Atmosfera, Circuito Inst S-N, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM emmanuel@atmosfera.unam.mx OI Garcia, Agustin/0000-0001-7718-9241 FU CONACyT; EWERU-USDA; Laboratorio de Edafologia Ambiental from Instituto de Geologia, UNAM FX This project was supported by a Ph.D. grant of CONACyT. We are grateful to Manuel Garcia Espinosa and Jorge Escalante Gonzalez from CCA-UNAM, Francisco Magallanes from CIMMYT, Lourdes de la Isla and Mario Martinez Menez from Colegio de Postgraduados, Norma Fernandez, Christina Siebe and Lucy Mora from Instituto de Geologia, UNAM. We also acknowledge the support provided by EWERU-USDA and Laboratorio de Edafologia Ambiental from Instituto de Geologia, UNAM. We are also grateful to Sasha Madronich from NCAR and Renate Forkel from IMK-IFU. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1875-9637 J9 AEOLIAN RES JI Aeolian Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 2-3 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.aeolia.2010.04.004 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical SC Physical Geography GA 854WV UT WOS:000297526400009 ER PT J AU Ball, VE Butault, JP Juan, CS Mora, R AF Ball, V. Eldon Butault, Jean-Pierre San Juan, Carlos Mora, Ricardo TI Productivity and international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Agriculture; International competitiveness; Relative output and input prices; Relative productivity levels; European Union; United States AB This study looks at international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States. The most intuitive concept is that of price competitiveness. We calculate relative prices for 11 member states of the European Union and the United States for the period 1973-2002. We assume that markets are perfectly competitive and in long-run equilibrium, so that the observed price always equals average total cost, as measured by the cost dual to the production function. This assumption is used in our calculation of relative competitiveness and productivity gaps between the European Union and the United States and in our decomposition of relative price movements between changes in relative input prices and changes in relative productivity levels. C1 [Ball, V. Eldon] USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Butault, Jean-Pierre] INRA AgroParisTech, Lab Econ Publ, Paris, France. [San Juan, Carlos; Mora, Ricardo] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Econ, Madrid, Spain. RP Ball, VE (reprint author), USDA, ERS, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM eball@ers.usda.gov OI SAN JUAN, CARLOS/0000-0003-1955-7303 NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON-BLACKWELL JI Agric. Econ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 611 EP 627 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2010.00476.x PG 17 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 681DI UT WOS:000284290000010 ER PT J AU Wang, D Gartung, J AF Wang, D. Gartung, J. TI Infrared canopy temperature of early-ripening peach trees under postharvest deficit irrigation SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE IRT; CWSI; Stem water potential; Peach yield; Fruit quality ID WATER-STRESS INDICATOR; PLANT; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; THERMOMETRY; IMAGERY; GROWTH; YIELD; PLUM AB Canopy temperature measurements with infrared thermometry have been extensively studied as a means of assessing plant water status for field and row crops but not for fruit trees such as peaches. Like in many regions of the world, the lack of water is beginning to impact production of tree fruit such as peaches in the San Joaquin Valley of California. This is an area where irrigation is the only source of water for agricultural crops in the summer growing season. A two-year field study was conducted to assess plant water stress using infrared canopy temperature measurements and to examine its feasibility for managing postharvest deficit irrigation of peach trees. Twelve infrared temperature sensors were installed in a mature peach orchard which received four irrigation treatments: furrow and subsurface drip irrigation with or without postharvest water stress. During the two-year period, measured midday canopy to air temperature differences in the water-stressed postharvest deficit irrigation treatments were in the 5-7 C range, which were consistently higher than the 1.4-2 C range found in the non-water-stressed control treatments. A reasonable correlation (R(2) = 0.67-0.70) was obtained between stern water potential and the canopy to air temperature difference, indicating the possibility of using the canopy temperature to trigger irrigation events. Crop water stress index (CWSI) was estimated and consistently higher CWSI values were found in the deficit irrigation than in the control treatments. Results of yield and fruit quality assessments were consistent with the literature when deficit irrigation was deployed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wang, D.; Gartung, J.] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM dong.wang@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1787 EP 1794 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.06.014 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 652GL UT WOS:000281991200009 ER PT J AU Nangia, V Gowda, PH Mulla, DJ AF Nangia, Vinay Gowda, Prasanna H. Mulla, D. J. TI Effects of changes in N-fertilizer management on water quality trends at the watershed scale SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Tile drainage; South-central Minnesota; Climate change; Nitrate-N loss ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; NITRATE-NITROGEN; TILE DRAINAGE; SYSTEMS; LOSSES; DEPTH; PREDICTION; HYPOXIA; MODELS AB In this study, the ADAPT (Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport) model was calibrated and validated for monthly flow and nitrate-N losses, for the 2000-2004 period, from two minor agricultural watersheds in Seven Mile Creek (SMC-1 and SMC-2) in south-central Minnesota. First, the model was calibrated and validated using the water quality data from the SMC-1 and again independently validated with the SMC-2 dataset. The predicted monthly flow and associated nitrate-N losses agreed reasonably with the measured trends for both calibration (r(2) = 0.81 and 0.70 for flow and nitrate-N losses, respectively) and validation (r(2) =0.85 and 0.78 for flow and nitrate-N losses from SMC-1, and 0.89 and 0.78 for flow and nitrate-N losses from SMC-2, respectively) periods. The model performed less satisfactorily for the snowmelt periods than it did for the entire simulation period. Using the calibrated model, long-term simulations were performed using climatic data from 1955 to 2004 to evaluate the effects of climatic variability and N application rates and timing on nitrate-N losses. The predicted nitrate-N losses were sensitive to N application rates and timing. A decrease in the fall N application rate from 179.3 to 112 kg/ha decreased nitrate-N losses by 23%. By changing application timing from fall to spring at a rate of 112 N kg/ha, nitrate-N losses decreased by 12%. The predicted nitrate-N losses showed a linear response to precipitation with larger losses generally associated with wet years. A 25% increase in mean annual precipitation would offset reductions in nitrate-N loss achieved using better N fertilizer management strategies described above. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nangia, Vinay] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Gowda, Prasanna H.] ARS, USDA, CPRL, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Mulla, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nangia, V (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM vinay.nangia@agr.gc.ca NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1855 EP 1860 DI 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.06.023 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 652GL UT WOS:000281991200017 ER PT J AU Sainju, UM Lenssen, AW Goosey, HB Snyder, E Hatfield, PG AF Sainju, Upendra M. Lenssen, Andrew W. Goosey, Hayes B. Snyder, Erin Hatfield, Patrick G. TI Dryland Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Influenced by Sheep Grazing in the Wheat-Fallow System SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAIN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; LONG-TERM TILLAGE; CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; INCORPORATING SHEEP; SPRING WHEAT; CORN YIELD; INTENSITY; SEQUENCE AB Sheep (Ovis aries) grazing during fallow for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow systems may influence soil C and N levels and grain yields by returning part of consumed crop residue to the soil through feces and urine. We evaluated the effects of fallow management (sheep grazing [grazing], herbicide application [chemical], and tillage [mechanical]) for weed control and soil water conservation and cropping sequence (continuous spring wheat [CSW], spring wheat-fallow [SW-F], and winter wheat-fallow [WW-F]) on soil organic carbon (SOC), inorganic carbon (SIC), total nitrogen (STN), NH(4)-N, and NO(3)-N levels at the 0- to 120-cm depth and wheat yield. The experiment was conducted in a Blackmore silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls) from 2004 to 2008 in southwestern Montana. Annualized wheat grain and biomass yields were greater in CSW than in SW-F and WW-F and greater in 2004 than in other years. From 2004 to 2007, SOC concentration at 0- to 15-cm declined by 2.99 g C kg(-1) yr(-1). In 2008, SOC content at 10 to 120 cm was greater in the mechanical or chemical than in the grazing treatment in CSW and SW-F. The STN content at 0 to 5 cm was greater in the chemical and mechanical than in the grazing treatment but at 30 to 60 cm was greater in the grazing than in the chemical treatment in CSW. From 2004 to 2006, NO(3)-N content at 0 to 60 cm was greater in SW-F or WW-F than in CSW. In 2008, NO(3)-N content at 30 to 120 cm was greater in CSW and SW-F than in WW-F and at 60 to 90 cm was greater in the mechanical than in the chemical treatment. The SIC and NH(4)-N contents were largely not influenced by treatments. Continuous tillage, followed by reduced amount of wheat residue returned to the soil from 2004 to 2007 probably reduced soil C and N storage. In contrast, greater amount of N removed by wheat grain due to continuous cropping probably reduced soil NO(3)-N in CSW. For sustaining wheat yields and maintaining soil C and N levels, reduced tillage with continuous cropping and less intensive sheep grazing that increase the amount of wheat residue returned to the soil could be adopted. C1 [Sainju, Upendra M.; Lenssen, Andrew W.] USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. [Goosey, Hayes B.; Snyder, Erin; Hatfield, Patrick G.] Montana State Univ, Dep Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Sainju, UM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM upendra.sainju@ars.usda.gov NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1553 EP 1561 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0216 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 687OH UT WOS:000284787300003 ER PT J AU Saseendran, SA Nielsen, DC Ma, L Ahuja, LR AF Saseendran, S. A. Nielsen, D. C. Ma, L. Ahuja, L. R. TI Adapting CROPGRO for Simulating Spring Canola Growth with Both RZWQM2 and DSSAT 4.0 SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS; WINTER OILSEED RAPE; NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; BRASSICA-NAPUS L.; NITROGEN-FERTILIZER; INDIAN MUSTARD; SOWING DATE; SEED YIELD; SOIL-WATER; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA AB Currently, canola (Brassica napus L.) is gaining importance as a potential feedstock in biodiesel production industries, increasing the demand for canola production acreage. Agricultural system models that simulate canola growth and yield will help to assess the feasibility of canola production under various agroclimatic conditions. In this study, we adapted the CROPGRO model for simulation of spring canola in both Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT 4.0). Soil water, phenology, leaf area index (LAI), biomass, plant height, and grain yield data from irrigation experiments conducted in 2005 on a Weld silt loam soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Argiustoll) in the semiarid climate at Akron, CO were used for model parameterization and calibration. Similar data from 1993, 1994, and 2006 were used for validation. Species and cultivar parameters for canola were developed using data from literature or by calibrating the existing CROPGRO-faba bean (Vicia faba L.) parameters. Grain yields across various irrigation levels and seasons were simulated reasonably well by RZWQM2 with root mean square error (RMSE) of 215 kg ha(-1) and index of agreement (d) of 0.98. Seasonal biomass development was simulated with RMSEs between 341 and 903 kg ha(-1), d between 0.55 and 0.99, and R(2) between 0.85 and 0.98. The CROPGRO-canola parameters developed were also tested within the DSSAT 4.0 cropping systems model and found to produce results with similar accuracy. C1 [Nielsen, D. C.] USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. [Saseendran, S. A.; Ma, L.; Ahuja, L. R.] USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nielsen, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, 40335 Cty Rd GG, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM david.nielsen@ars.usda.gov RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 57 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1606 EP 1621 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0277 PG 16 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 687OH UT WOS:000284787300010 ER PT J AU Zheljazkov, VD Cantrell, CL Astatkie, T AF Zheljazkov, Valtcho D. Cantrell, Charles L. Astatkie, Tess TI Yield and Composition of Oil from Japanese Cornmint Fresh and Dry Material Harvested Successively SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; PRODUCTIVITY; MISSISSIPPI; MENTHOL AB A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of harvest time and drying on Japanese cornmint (Mentha canadensis L.) cultivars Arvensis 2 and Arvensis 3 to optimize technology. Biomass yields were comparable to those reported in the literature. Arvensis 2 had greater oil content (0.78%) than Arvensis 3 (0.59%), while Arvensis 3 had higher concentrations of(-)-menthol (71.9%) and (-)-menthone (13.5%) than Arvensis 2(61.7 and 9.4%, respectively). Arvensis 3 had higher fresh biomass (34,289 kg ha(-1)) than that of Arvensis 2 (23,929 kg ha(-1)). Dried biomass of the two cultivars was not significantly different. Higher oil yields were achieved from the fresh biomass of Arvensis 2 (108.7 kg ha(-1)), and lower from the dried biomass of Arvensis 2 (78.2 kg ha(-1)) and the fresh biomass of Arvensis 3 (84.3 kg ha(-1)). The concentration of(-)-menthol in the cultivars was higher at harvests 4 (69.3%) and 5 (67.7%), and lower at harvests 2 (63.6%) and 3 (64.7%). The yield of(-)-menthol was highest in harvest 4 (116.2 kg ha(-1)), lower in harvest 3 (78.4 kg ha(-1)) and lowest in the first harvest (19.1 kg ha(-1)). In northern Mississippi (or in other areas with similar latitude and environment), cornmint for production of (-)-menthol should be harvested in late July. For highest biomass yields, Arvensis 3 should be harvested in mid-July, whereas Arvensis 2 should be harvested in late July. The essential oil profile of M. canadensis in this experiment was more desirable (with respect to (-)-menthol concentration) than the profile of two commercially available M. canadensis oil samples from other countries, which should make the oil produced in southeastern United States easily marketable. C1 [Zheljazkov, Valtcho D.] Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Ext Ctr, Verona, MS 38879 USA. [Cantrell, Charles L.] Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. [Astatkie, Tess] Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Zheljazkov, VD (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, N Mississippi Res & Ext Ctr, 5421 Hwy 145 S, Verona, MS 38879 USA. EM Vj40@pss.msstate.edu RI Astatkie, Tess/J-7231-2012 OI Astatkie, Tess/0000-0002-9779-8789 FU ARS [58-6402-4-026]; Mississippi State University [58-6402-4-026]; Field Establishment of Medicinal Herbs and Potential for Commercial Production FX This research was funded by ARS Specific Crop Agreement 58-6402-4-026 with Mississippi State University. Specific project: "Field Establishment of Medicinal Herbs and Potential for Commercial Production" awarded to Dr. Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov). Authors thank Thomas Horgan, S. Marie Rogers, and Amber Reichley for excellent help with experiments and analysis. Approved for publication as Journal Article no. J-11877 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. We thank Rocky Lundy and MIRC for their consent to buy the planting material. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1652 EP 1656 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0234 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 687OH UT WOS:000284787300015 ER PT J AU Riar, DS Ball, DA Yenish, JP Wuest, SB Corp, MK AF Riar, Dilpreet S. Ball, Daniel A. Yenish, Joseph P. Wuest, Stewart B. Corp, Mary K. TI Comparison of Fallow Tillage Methods in the Intermediate Rainfall Inland Pacific Northwest SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; REDUCED-TILLAGE; WINTER-WHEAT; WIND EROSION; SYSTEMS; SPRAYER; RESIDUE; ECONOMICS; QUALITY AB Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is usually grown in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) intermediate rainfall zone following tilled or chemical summer fallow. Studies were conducted near Davenport, WA and Helix, OR over two fallow winter wheat cycles to evaluate the efficacy of reduced or no-tillage fallow compared to conventional fallow and compare the efficacy of herbicides applied using a light-activated sensor-controlled (LASC) applicator to broadcast applications. Six treatments included conventional primary tillage followed by rodweeding; sweep-tillage followed by rodweeding, broadcast, or LASC herbicide application; and no-tillage followed by broadcast or LASC herbicide application. Broadcast and LASC herbicide applications controlled weeds similarly in no-tillage treatments. However, LASC applications used from 45 to 70% less herbicide than broadcast applications to attain similar weed control. No-tillage or sweep-tillage systems with herbicide application had from 15 to 30% greater surface residue cover than the conventional tillage system. Available soil moisture in both the root-zone and seed-zone soil profiles at time of planting was similar among tillage systems. There were no differences in wheat quality parameters across treatments. The conventional tillage system had similar wheat grain yield as sweep-tillage systems followed by rodweed or broadcast herbicide application, but yields were up to 21% greater than sweep-tillage with LASC applied herbicides and no-tillage systems. Reduced tillage systems using sweep-tillage and broadcast herbicide application could potentially replace more tillage intensive fallow systems in the PNW. C1 [Ball, Daniel A.; Corp, Mary K.] Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [Riar, Dilpreet S.; Yenish, Joseph P.] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Wuest, Stewart B.] USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Ball, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM Daniel.ball@oregonstate.edu FU USDA-CSREES FX Partial funding for this research was from USDA-CSREES. The authors wish to thank Rod Rood and John Nelson, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University and Larry H. Bennett, Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Pendleton, for their technical assistance. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1664 EP 1673 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0054 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 687OH UT WOS:000284787300017 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Jokela, WE Hoffman, PC Bertram, MG AF Coblentz, Wayne K. Jokela, William E. Hoffman, Patrick C. Bertram, Michael G. TI Unique Dairy Applications of Eastern Gamagrass Forages in Central Wisconsin: I. Yield Potential SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER INTAKE; HOLSTEIN HEIFERS; NITROGEN RATES; LACTATION PERFORMANCE; MAMMARY DEVELOPMENT; MILK-PRODUCTION; GROWTH-RATES; QUALITY; ALFALFA; RATION AB Replacement dairy heifers (Bos taurus) offered diets comprised largely of corn (Zea mays L.) silage or other high-energy forages often become overconditioned, which may damage their future performance as lactating cows. Our objective was to assess the yield potential of a perennial C4 grass, eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], for incorporation into fiber-demanding, dairy-heifer or dry-cow diets. Replicated field plots of 'Pete' eastern gamagrass were evaluated within nine harvest systems and four N fertilization regimes. For single-harvest systems, dry matter (DM) yields increased across harvest dates, reaching numerical maximums of 7192, 9764, and 7554 kg ha(-1) by mid-August of 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. During each year, there was a strong linear (P < 0.001) effect of harvest date; however, higher-ordered effects varied within year. Relatively large yield increases (>= 1812 kg ha(-1)) between early and mid-August during 2008 and 2009 suggest that better yields could be achieved by delaying single harvests of eastern gamagrass beyond mid-August. Yields of DM from double-harvest systems were not competitive with single-harvest systems timed in mid-August. Nitrogen fertilization increased (P < 0.001) DM yields, exhibiting both linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P = 0.027) effects of application rate. However, efficiency of N usage was reduced as fertilization rates increased. C1 [Coblentz, Wayne K.; Jokela, William E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Hoffman, Patrick C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dep Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bertram, Michael G.] Univ Wisconsin, Marshfield Agr Res Stn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1710 EP 1719 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0259 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 687OH UT WOS:000284787300022 ER PT J AU Coblentz, WK Hoffman, PC Jokela, WE Bertram, MG AF Coblentz, Wayne K. Hoffman, Patrick C. Jokela, William E. Bertram, Michael G. TI Unique Dairy Applications of Eastern Gamagrass Forages in Central Wisconsin: II. Nutritive Value and Energy Density SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRY-MATTER INTAKE; BERMUDAGRASS HAY; ALFALFA; HEIFERS; NITROGEN; PROTEIN; FIBER; MATURITIES; DIGESTION; GRASSES AB Recently, perennial warm-season grasses have received considerable interest, largely through bioenergy initiatives, but their suitability for limiting caloric intake by fiber-demanding livestock classes, such as dairy replacement heifers (Bos taurus) and/or dry cows has not been explored. Our objectives were to evaluate eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] forages harvested from nine single- or double-harvest systems with four N fertilization regimes for macromineral, protein, and fiber composition, and then to estimate the energy densities for these forages by the summative approach. Across the 3-yr trial, concentrations of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) from single-harvest systems increased with mostly linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P = 0.010) effects of harvest date, reaching maximum concentrations ranging from 746 to 801 g kg(-1) by early or mid-August. Similarly, concentrations of lignin increased with delayed harvest dates across single-harvest systems in predominantly linear (P < 0.001) patterns. Generally, concentrations of lignin were lower than reported for eastern gamagrass forages grown at more southerly latitudes, and ranged from 37.5 to 46.0 g kg(-1) in mid-August. As a result, estimates of total digestible nutrients (TDN) determined by the acid-detergent lignin option for calculating truly digestible fiber remained relatively high through mid-August (582 g kg(-1)). Adjusting truly digestible fiber on the basis of the alternate in vitro 48-h neutral-detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) approach resulted in reduced TDN estimates for eastern gamagrass. In northern climates, eastern gamagrass forages have large concentrations of NDF, and could be used to dilute dietary energy for livestock species with low or moderate energy requirements. C1 [Coblentz, Wayne K.; Jokela, William E.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. [Hoffman, Patrick C.; Bertram, Michael G.] Univ Wisconsin, Marshfield Agr Res Stn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Coblentz, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM wayne.coblentz@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1720 EP 1730 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0260 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 687OH UT WOS:000284787300023 ER PT J AU Stevens, WB Evans, RG Jabro, JD Iversen, WM AF Stevens, W. Bart Evans, Robert G. Jabro, Jay D. Iversen, William M. TI Nitrogen Availability for Sugarbeet affected by Tillage System and Sprinkler Irrigation Method SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STRIP TILLAGE; REDUCED-TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; LEPA; YIELD; SOIL; EFFICIENCY AB Many shank-type strip tillage (ST) implements band fertilizer below the seed without incorporating crop residue into the soil, potentially affecting N availability. Sprinkler irrigation method may also affect N availability due to its influence on water and NO(3)-N movement in soil. A field study was conducted at Sidney, MT, to determine if sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) petiole NO(3)-N concentration and soil available (i.e., mineral) N distribution differ under (i) conventional tillage (CT) and ST systems and (ii) mid-elevation spray application (MESA) and low energy precision application (LEPA) irrigation methods. Mid-season petiole NO(3)-N concentration was lower with ST than with CT in 1 of 3 yr. In-season mineral N concentration in the top 45 cm of soil was lower with ST than with CT. Postharvest mineral N was 10% lower with ST than with CT. There were few measurable effects of irrigation method except that in-season mineral N in the top 45 cm of soil was 10% greater with LEPA than with MESA. Root yield and sugar production were reported to be similar with the two tillage systems. It was concluded that differences in petiole NO(3)-N concentration and soil mineral N content were not sufficient to justify altering N application rate based on the tillage systems or irrigation methods evaluated. However, there were indications that NO(3)-N leaching may be reduced by combining LEPA, with which irrigation water is applied between alternating crop rows, with strip tillage, where N is banded beneath the crop row. C1 [Stevens, W. Bart; Evans, Robert G.; Jabro, Jay D.; Iversen, William M.] USDA ARS No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. RP Stevens, WB (reprint author), USDA ARS No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. EM bart.stevens@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1745 EP 1752 DI 10.2134/agronj2010.0122 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 687OH UT WOS:000284787300026 ER PT J AU Rose, R Hayes, J Pettis, J Vanengelsdorp, D Rennich, K Snyder, R Andee, M Patel, N Roccasecca, K Rice, N Lopez, D Evans, J Levi, V AF Rose, Robyn Hayes, Jerry Pettis, Jeff Vanengelsdorp, Dennis Rennich, Karen Snyder, Rob Andee, Michael Patel, Nishit Roccasecca, Karen Rice, Nathan Lopez, Dawn Evans, Jay Levi, Vic TI The National Honey Bee Disease and Pest Survey: 2009-2010 Pilot Study SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Rose, Robyn] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Pettis, Jeff; Rennich, Karen; Rice, Nathan; Lopez, Dawn; Evans, Jay; Levi, Vic] ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Vanengelsdorp, Dennis; Snyder, Rob; Andee, Michael; Patel, Nishit; Roccasecca, Karen] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rose, R (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012; vanEngelsdorp, Dennis/E-7934-2010 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 150 IS 11 BP 1033 EP 1035 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 675DX UT WOS:000283807500010 ER PT J AU Knaus, BJ AF Knaus, Brian J. TI MORPHOMETRIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE MOST TAXON-RICH SPECIES IN THE US FLORA: ASTRAGALUS LENTIGINOSUS (FABACEAE) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Astragalus lentiginosus; clines; ecotype; Fabaceae; Great Basin; Mojave Desert; morphometrics; speciation ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; COMPLEX; PLANTS; PATTERNS; TRAITS AB Premise of the study: The study of infra-taxa has historically been considered the study of incipient species. Astragalus lentiginosus Douglas ex Hooker (Fabaceae) is the most taxonomically diverse species in the U. S. flora. To gain insight into the nature of infra-taxa, I ask whether an optimal number of groups exists within A. lentiginosus, whether the varieties represent discrete entities, and whether morphological diversity within A. lentiginosus can be explained by climate. Methods: Morphometric measurement was made on herbarium specimens. Seasonality was inferred by fitting sine waves to climatic data. Statistical clustering, ordination, and multiple regression analyses were employed to test hypotheses. Key results: K-means clustering resulted in no clear optimal number of groups within the species. Principal components analysis demonstrated that taxa occupy contiguous regions of morphospace but do not form distinct clusters. Multiple regression demonstrated significant relations among morphology and climatic parameters, which are generally stronger than geographic relations. Conclusions: The bewildering amount of diversity contained within A. lentiginosus begs for decomposition, yet its clinal nature precludes it from division into discrete groups. As a species, A. lentiginosus exists as an array of populations in a delicate balance between homogenizing forces, such as gene flow and retention of ancestral characters, and diversifying forces, such as local adaptation and drift. The effect of these forces has become evident in the phenotype of A. lentiginosus, resulting in more infra-taxa than any other species in the U. S. flora, but has failed to fracture this group into distinct entities. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Knaus, BJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bknaus@fs.fed.us OI Knaus, Brian/0000-0003-1665-4343 FU Bonnie C. Templeton Award; Hardman Foundation; Native Plant Society of Oregon; Nevada Native Plant Society; USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station FX The author thanks R. Cronn (USDA FS PNW) and A. Liston (Oregon State University), who advised him during his graduate studies and without whom this research would not have been possible. He also thanks M. Fishbein (Oklahoma State University), D. York (California Department of Transportation), and L. McDade (Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden) for botanical inspiration. R. Johnson, N. Mandel, G. Weaver, and B. St Clair (USDA FS PNW) contributed advice and inspiration on statistical methodology. P. Dolan (University of Minnesota, Morris) provided bioinformatic advice. Funding to support this work has been provided by the Bonnie C. Templeton Award, the Hardman Foundation, the Native Plant Society of Oregon, the Nevada Native Plant Society, and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. The comments and suggestions of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO BOX 299, ST LOUIS, MO 63166-0299 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 97 IS 11 BP 1816 EP 1826 DI 10.3732/ajb.0900145 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 673FW UT WOS:000283645500014 PM 21616821 ER PT J AU McKeown, NM Troy, LM Jacques, PF Hoffmann, U O'Donnell, CJ Fox, CS AF McKeown, Nicola M. Troy, Lisa M. Jacques, Paul F. Hoffmann, Udo O'Donnell, Christopher J. Fox, Caroline S. TI Whole- and refined-grain intakes are differentially associated with abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in healthy adults the Framingham Heart Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID OVERWEIGHT LATINO ADOLESCENTS; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; HYPOCALORIC DIET; OBESITY; FIBER; CONSUMPTION AB Background Observational studies have linked higher intakes of whole grains to lower abdominal adiposity however the association between whole and refined-grain intake and body fat compartments has yet to be reported Objective Different aspects of diet may be differentially related to body fat distribution The purpose of this study was to assess associations between whole- and refined grain intake and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) Design Cross sectional associations between whole and refined-grain intakes waist circumference measures and abdominal SAT and VAT volumes were examined in 2834 Framingham Heart Study participants (49 4% women age range 32-83 y) Dietary information was assessed with the use of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire Results Whole grain intake was inversely associated with SAT (2895 compared with 2552 cm(3) in the lowest compared with the highest quintile category P for trend < 0 001) and VAT (1883 compared with 1563 cm(3) P for trend < 0 001) after adjustment for age sex current smoking status total energy and alcohol intake In contrast, refined-grain intake was positively associated with SAT (2748 compared with 2934 cm(3) P for trend = 0 01) and VAT (1727 compared with 19'8 cm(3), P for trend < 0 001) in multivanable models When SAT and VAT were evaluated jointly the P value for SAT was attenuated (P = 0 28 for whole grains P = 0 60 for refined grams) whereas VAT remained associated with both whole grains (P < 0 001) and refined grains (P < 0 001) Conclusions Increasing whole grain Intake is associated with lower VAT in adults whereas higher intakes of refined grains are associated with higher VAT Further research is required to elicit the potential mechanisms whereby whole- and refined grain foods may influence body fat distribution Am J Clin Altar 2010 92 1165-71 C1 [McKeown, Nicola M.; Troy, Lisa M.; Jacques, Paul F.] Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Cardiac Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Fox, Caroline S.] NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. [Fox, Caroline S.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol Diabet & Metab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hoffmann, Udo; O'Donnell, Christopher J.; Fox, Caroline S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP McKeown, NM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Epidemiol Program, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU USDA [58 1950 7 707]; Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH [NO1 HC 25195]; General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition Minneapolis MN FX Supported by the USDA (agreement 58 1950 7 707) the Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of the NIH (contract NO1 HC 25195) and by a research grant from General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition Minneapolis MN NR 28 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 92 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1171 DI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29106 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 677DJ UT WOS:000283969000021 PM 20881074 ER PT J AU Sikulu, M Killeen, GF Hugo, LE Ryan, PA Dowell, KM Wirtz, RA Moore, SJ Dowell, FE AF Sikulu, Maggy Killeen, Gerry F. Hugo, Leon E. Ryan, Peter A. Dowell, Kayla M. Wirtz, Robert A. Moore, Sarah J. Dowell, Floyd E. TI NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AS A COMPLEMENTARY AGE GRADING AND SPECIES IDENTIFICATION TOOL FOR AFRICAN MALARIA VECTORS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Sikulu, Maggy] Griffith Univ, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Killeen, Gerry F.; Moore, Sarah J.] Ifakara Hlth Inst, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Hugo, Leon E.; Ryan, Peter A.] Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia. [Dowell, Kayla M.; Dowell, Floyd E.] ARS, USDA, Engn & Wind Eros Res Unit, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS USA. [Wirtz, Robert A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 177 BP 54 EP 54 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700178 ER PT J AU Kline, D Clark, GG Urban, J Golden, F Nathan, MB Knox, T AF Kline, Daniel Clark, Gary G. Urban, Joyce Golden, Frances Nathan, Michael B. Knox, Tessa TI IMPACT OF LONG-LASTING DELTAMETHRIN-TREATED CONTAINER COVERS ON AEDES AEGYPTI OVIPOSITION SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Kline, Daniel; Clark, Gary G.; Urban, Joyce; Golden, Frances] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. [Nathan, Michael B.] WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Knox, Tessa] Vestergaard Frandsen, Nairobi, Kenya. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 600 BP 180 EP 180 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700601 ER PT J AU Cohnstaedt, L Allan, S AF Cohnstaedt, Lee Allan, Sandra TI THE EFFECTS OF SUBLETHAL PESTICIDE EXPOSURE ON VECTORIAL CAPACITY OF BITING INSECTS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Cohnstaedt, Lee; Allan, Sandra] USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 617 BP 184 EP 185 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819700618 ER PT J AU Fritzen, C Huang, JJ Westby, K Freye, JD Dunlap, B Dunn, J Moncayo, A AF Fritzen, Charissa Huang, Junjun Westby, Kathleen Freye, James D. Dunlap, Brett Dunn, John Moncayo, Abelardo TI INFECTION RATES OF COMMON TICKBORNE PATHOGENS IN LONE STAR TICKS (AMBLYOMMA AMERICANUM) AND AMERICAN DOG TICKS (DERMACENTOR VARIABILIS) FROM KENTUCKY SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Fritzen, Charissa; Huang, Junjun; Westby, Kathleen; Dunn, John; Moncayo, Abelardo] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Nashville, TN USA. [Freye, James D.; Dunlap, Brett] Wildlife Serv, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Madison, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 655 BP 195 EP 196 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701024 ER PT J AU Charles, RC Sheikh, A Krastins, B Harris, JB Bhuiyan, MS LaRocque, RC Logvinenko, T Sarracino, DA Kudva, IT Eisenstein, J Podolsky, M Kalsy, A Ludwig, A John, M Calderwood, SB Qadri, F Ryan, ET AF Charles, Richelle C. Sheikh, Alaullah Krastins, Bryan Harris, Jason B. Bhuiyan, Md Saruar LaRocque, Regina C. Logvinenko, Tanya Sarracino, David A. Kudva, Indira T. Eisenstein, Jana Podolsky, Michael Kalsy, Anuj Ludwig, Albrecht John, Manohar Calderwood, Stephen B. Qadri, Firdausi Ryan, Edward T. TI CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTI-SALMONELLA ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHI ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN BACTEREMIC BANGLADESHI PATIENTS USING IMMUNO-AFFINITY PROTEOMIC-BASED TECHNOLOGY (IPT) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Charles, Richelle C.; Harris, Jason B.; LaRocque, Regina C.; Eisenstein, Jana; Podolsky, Michael; Kalsy, Anuj; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Ryan, Edward T.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Sheikh, Alaullah; Bhuiyan, Md Saruar; Qadri, Firdausi] Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. [Krastins, Bryan; Sarracino, David A.] Thermo Fisher Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Logvinenko, Tanya] Tufts Univ, Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kudva, Indira T.] USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Ludwig, Albrecht] Klinikum Johann Wolfgang Goethe Univ, Frankfurt, Germany. [John, Manohar] Pathovacs Inc, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 855 BP 255 EP 255 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701223 ER PT J AU Santiago, HC Wilson, M Bennuru, S Ribeiro-Gomes, F Grainger, J Wynn, T Urban, J Nutman, T AF Santiago, Helton C. Wilson, Mark Bennuru, Sasisehkhar Ribeiro-Gomes, Flavia Grainger, John Wynn, Thomas Urban, Joe Nutman, Thomas TI MOLECULAR MIMICRY BETWEEN ALLERGENS AND HELMINTH PROTEINS UNDERLIES RESPONSES AT THE HELMINTH-ALLERGY INTERFACE SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Santiago, Helton C.; Wilson, Mark; Bennuru, Sasisehkhar; Ribeiro-Gomes, Flavia; Grainger, John; Wynn, Thomas; Nutman, Thomas] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Urban, Joe] USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Ribeiro-Gomes, Flavia/F-7609-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 867 BP 258 EP 259 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701235 ER PT J AU Allan, SA Bernier, U Schmelz, E Vrzal, E AF Allan, Sandra A. Bernier, Ulrich Schmelz, Eric Vrzal, Erin TI FLORAL-BASED ATTRACTION OF CULEX MOSQUITOES SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Allan, Sandra A.; Bernier, Ulrich; Schmelz, Eric; Vrzal, Erin] ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 1013 BP 303 EP 303 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701380 ER PT J AU Higgins, J Stuber, T Camp, P Bravo, D Farrell, D Harris, B AF Higgins, James Stuber, Tod Camp, Patrick Bravo, Doris Farrell, David Harris, Beth TI MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES-MEXICO BORDER: SUPPORTING STRATEGIES FOR ANIMAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene (ASTMH) CY NOV 03-07, 2010 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg (ASTMH) C1 [Higgins, James; Stuber, Tod; Camp, Patrick; Bravo, Doris; Farrell, David; Harris, Beth] USDA, NVSL, APHIS, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 83 IS 5 SU S MA 1195 BP 355 EP 355 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 832QF UT WOS:000295819701562 ER PT J AU Kondo, S Hoar, BR Villanueva, V Mandrell, RE Atwill, ER AF Kondo, Sonoko Hoar, Bruce R. Villanueva, Veronica Mandrell, Robert E. Atwill, Edward R. TI Longitudinal prevalence and molecular typing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by use of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in fecal samples collected from a range-based herd of beef cattle in California SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL PREVALENCE; WASHINGTON-STATE; FEEDLOT CATTLE; UNITED-STATES; BOVINE FECES; DAIRY FARMS; O157-H7; SALMONELLA; O157H7; DISSEMINATION AB Objective-To evaluate seasonal patterns and risk factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces in a beef cattle herd and determine strain diversity and transition in E coli over time by use of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sample Population-456 samples of freshly passed feces collected over a 1-year period from cattle in a range-based cow-calf operation located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. Procedures-E coli O157:H7 was recovered from feces by use of immunomagnetic separation and 2 selective media. Virulence factors were detected via reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates were subtyped with MLVA and PFGE. Prevalence estimates were calculated and significant risk factors determined. A dendrogram was constructed on the basis of results of MLVA typing. Results-Overall prevalence estimate for E coli O157:H7 was 10.5%, with the prevalence lowest during the winter. Mean temperature during the 30 days before collection of samples was significantly associated with prevalence of E coli O157:H7 in feces. Nineteen MLVA and 12 PFGE types were identified. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-A seasonal pattern was detected for prevalence of E coli O157:H7 in feces collected from beef cattle in California. Subtyping via MLVA and PFGE revealed a diversity of E coli O157:H7 strains in a cow-calf operation and noteworthy turnover of predominant types. Given the importance of accurately determining sources of contamination in investigations of disease outbreaks in humans, MLVA combined with PFGE should be powerful tools for epidemiologists. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1339-1347) C1 [Kondo, Sonoko; Hoar, Bruce R.; Villanueva, Veronica] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Atwill, Edward R.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mandrell, Robert E.] USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hoar, BR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM brhoar@ucdavis.edu FU Center for Food Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis FX Supported by the Center for Food Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1339 EP 1347 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 672FM UT WOS:000283568400012 PM 21034325 ER PT J AU Johnson, IR Thornley, JHM Frantz, JM Bugbee, B AF Johnson, Ian R. Thornley, John H. M. Frantz, Jonathan M. Bugbee, Bruce TI A model of canopy photosynthesis incorporating protein distribution through the canopy and its acclimation to light, temperature and CO2 SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Canopy photosynthesis; respiration; protein distribution; acclimation; optimization; model ID CARBON USE EFFICIENCY; NONRECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION; LEAF SENESCENCE; GROWTH; PLANT; ROOT; LEAVES; SHADE AB The distribution of photosynthetic enzymes, or nitrogen, through the canopy affects canopy photosynthesis, as well as plant quality and nitrogen demand. Most canopy photosynthesis models assume an exponential distribution of nitrogen, or protein, through the canopy, although this is rarely consistent with experimental observation. Previous optimization schemes to derive the nitrogen distribution through the canopy generally focus on the distribution of a fixed amount of total nitrogen, which fails to account for the variation in both the actual quantity of nitrogen in response to environmental conditions and the interaction of photosynthesis and respiration at similar levels of complexity. A model of canopy photosynthesis is presented for C-3 and C-4 canopies that considers a balanced approach between photosynthesis and respiration as well as plant carbon partitioning. Protein distribution is related to irradiance in the canopy by a flexible equation for which the exponential distribution is a special case. The model is designed to be simple to parameterize for crop, pasture and ecosystem studies. The amount and distribution of protein that maximizes canopy net photosynthesis is calculated. The optimum protein distribution is not exponential, but is quite linear near the top of the canopy, which is consistent with experimental observations. The overall concentration within the canopy is dependent on environmental conditions, including the distribution of direct and diffuse components of irradiance. The widely used exponential distribution of nitrogen or protein through the canopy is generally inappropriate. The model derives the optimum distribution with characteristics that are consistent with observation, so overcoming limitations of using the exponential distribution. Although canopies may not always operate at an optimum, optimization analysis provides valuable insight into plant acclimation to environmental conditions. Protein distribution has implications for the prediction of carbon assimilation, plant quality and nitrogen demand. C1 [Johnson, Ian R.] IMJ Consultants, Melbourne, Vic 3065, Australia. [Thornley, John H. M.] Univ Guelph, Ctr Nutr Modelling, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Frantz, Jonathan M.] ARS, USDA, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Bugbee, Bruce] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Johnson, IR (reprint author), IMJ Consultants, 127 Rose St, Melbourne, Vic 3065, Australia. EM ian@imj.com.au RI Thornley, John/A-9740-2012; bugbee, bruce/I-5008-2012 NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 45 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 106 IS 5 BP 735 EP 749 DI 10.1093/aob/mcq183 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 673KZ UT WOS:000283661700006 PM 20861273 ER PT J AU Keena, MA Vandel, A Pultar, O AF Keena, Melody A. Vandel, Alice Pultar, Oldrich TI Phenology of Lymantria monacha (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Laboratory Reared on Spruce Foliage or a Newly Developed Artificial Diet SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria monacha; phenology; rearing; artificial diet ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; NUN MOTH; INSECTS AB Lymantria monacha (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is a Eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into North America. The phenology over the entire life cycle for L. monacha individuals from the Czech Republic was compared on Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (white spruce) and a newly developed artificial diet. Individuals reared on the artificial diet had lower larval mortality, slightly higher pupal mortality, developed faster, the majority of females went through one less instar, and adults weighed slightly more than those reared on the spruce foliage. Individuals reared on the spruce foliage survived and developed at rates similar to those documented in previous studies on preferred hosts. The host-free rearing methods and artificial diet presented here will allow L. monacha to be mass reared year round to aid in the advance of bioassay-based research aimed at preventing introductions and eradicating this pest if it should become established in parts of the world outside its native range. The phenology documented here suggests that managers can expect the timing of peak second instars for L. monacha to occur later than that for gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), and the timing of male flight to occur earlier than that of gypsy moth, if both species hatch at the same time and develop under the same environmental conditions. C1 [Keena, Melody A.; Vandel, Alice] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Pultar, Oldrich] Forest & Game Management Res Inst, Forestry Protect Dept, Znojmo 66902, Czech Republic. RP Keena, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, USDA, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. EM mkeena@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 949 EP 955 DI 10.1603/AN10094 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 682GI UT WOS:000284389000016 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JP Shirk, PD AF Shapiro, Jeffrey P. Shirk, Paul D. TI Ovarian Development in Predacious Orius pumilio: Relationship to Diet, Mating, and Juvenile Hormone SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE nutrition; egg development; yolk protein; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Ephestia kuehniella ID REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE; HEMIPTERA ANTHOCORIDAE; TEMPERATURE CONTROL; PREDATORY BUGS; HETEROPTERA; INSIDIOSUS; ANTEVOLENS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; PHOTOPERIOD AB A female minute pirate bug, Orius pumilio (Champion), was found to require both food and mating as an adult to achieve egg development. Last-instar nymphs of O. pumilio were individually placed into 96-well microtiter plates and recovered 24-48 h later as virgin adults, fed only on sucrose or water. The procedure yielded low mortalities. Correct identification of the sex of individuals as last-instar nymphs was achieved with 96% accuracy. The availability of food (eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller) and mates for these isolated females was controlled. Unfed adult females, whether mated or not, did not produce detectible yolk protein when assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nor did they show any follicle development when examined microscopically. Fed but unmated females produced a significant, detectible amount of yolk protein, and some oocyte development was observed, but they contained no fully mature eggs. Females that were both fed and mated fell into two categories: 44% produced mature eggs at a mean rate of 6.4 eggs per female, whereas 56% had ovaries similar to those of fed but unmated females. If treated in mixed sex groups, females that were fed and mated contained more yolk protein than those held in pairs, but increasing the sex ratio of groups above 0.5 (males:females) did not result in a significant increase in yolk protein content. Topical treatment of fed females with methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog, did not trigger an increase in yolk protein contents. We conclude that vitellogenesis is a two-stage process in adult female O. pumilio. Early vitellogenesis requires a nutritious adult diet, whereas full vitellogenesis and egg maturation also require mating. C1 [Shapiro, Jeffrey P.; Shirk, Paul D.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Shapiro, JP (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jeff.shapiro@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 971 EP 978 DI 10.1603/AN09123 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 682GI UT WOS:000284389000019 ER PT J AU Sammataro, D Cicero, JM AF Sammataro, D. Cicero, Joseph M. TI Functional Morphology of the Honey Stomach Wall of the European Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE honey stomach; crop; honey bee; Apis mellifera; cuticle ID APIS-MELLIFERA; CROP AB The crop, or honey stomach, of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is invested in cords of muscles that are numerous enough, in both latitudinal and longitudinal directions, to fully enclose and confine the underlying, cuticle-lined epithelium. Although oppressed against the inner wall of this enclosure by the crop's contents, the epithelium is largely free of ligations that would immobilize it. It can therefore slide on the inner wall and undergo extensive pleating as needed to conform to the diameter of the enclosure, regardless of the extent of contraction or distention. The two primary components of the epithelial layer, epidermal cells and procuticle, can undergo extreme compression to maintain pleats while enduring the pressure exerted by the volume of crop contents. During engorgement with nectar, the muscular enclosure relaxes to larger and larger diameters. Correspondingly, pleats unfold as needed. During dispensation of nectar in the hive, the muscular enclosure contracts and forces the epithelium to pleat itself again. Pleats are present in even the most grossly distended crops, indicating that capacity is not a limiting factor in the volume of nectar a bee can accumulate during foraging. Individual pleats are oppressed, too, indicating that a lubricating, cohering substance occurs between them. C1 [Sammataro, D.] ARS, USDA, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Cicero, Joseph M.] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Sammataro, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Carl Hayden Honey Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM diana.sammataro@ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 979 EP 987 DI 10.1603/AN09111 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 682GI UT WOS:000284389000020 ER PT J AU Frank, DL Leskey, TC Bergh, JC AF Frank, D. L. Leskey, T. C. Bergh, J. C. TI Morphological Characterization of Antennal Sensilla of the Dogwood Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Synanthedon scitula; antennal morphology; sensilla; olfaction ID CYDIA-POMONELLA LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; SYNANTHEDON-SCITULA; APPLE ORCHARDS; CODLING MOTH; PLANT VOLATILES; PEACHTREE BORER; BOMBYX-MORI; PYRALIDAE AB The external morphology of the dogwood borer, Synanthedon scitula (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), antennae and their sensilla was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Male and female antennae were clavate before tapering to an apical point and consisted of three main segments; scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Although there was no significant difference in the length of the flagellum between genders, the number of flagellomeres was significantly greater in females than in males and the length and width of individual flagellomeres was significantly greater in males than in females, except near the proximal and distal end of the antennae. The antennal flagellum of both male and female dogwood borer contained seven sensillum types: auricillica, basiconica, chaetica, coeloconica, squamiformia, styloconica, and trichoidea (three subtypes). The mean number of sensilla basiconica did not differ between female and male antennae, but all other sensillum types were significantly more abundant on female antennae. The morphology and purported function of each sensillum type are discussed in relation to the host and oviposition site finding and acceptance behaviors exhibited by dogwood borer. C1 [Frank, D. L.; Bergh, J. C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. [Leskey, T. C.] ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Frank, DL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Alson H Smith Jr Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Winchester, VA 22602 USA. EM dlfrank@vt.edu NR 49 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 103 IS 6 BP 993 EP 1002 DI 10.1603/AN09182 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 682GI UT WOS:000284389000022 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Boncristiani, H Chen, YP AF Evans, Jay D. Boncristiani, Humberto, Jr. Chen, Yanping TI Scientific note on mass collection and hatching of honey bee embryos SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE queen-rearing; RNA virus; germline transformation ID APIS-MELLIFERA; VERTICAL-TRANSMISSION; VIRUSES C1 [Evans, Jay D.; Boncristiani, Humberto, Jr.; Chen, Yanping] ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jay.evans@ars.usda.gov RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER FRANCE PI PARIS PA 22 RUE DE PALESTRO, PARIS, 75002, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 654 EP 656 DI 10.1051/apido/2010009 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 668VR UT WOS:000283300700007 ER PT J AU Wright, S Wilson, S Miller, WG Mandrell, RE Siletzky, RM Kathariou, S AF Wright, Sandra Wilson, Simone Miller, William G. Mandrell, Robert E. Siletzky, Robin M. Kathariou, Sophia TI Differences in Methylation at GATC Sites in Genomic DNA of Campylobacter coli from Turkeys and Swine SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESTRICTION-MODIFICATION SYSTEM; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SAU3AI RESTRICTION; MODIFICATION GENES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD ANIMALS; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; PREVALENCE; JEJUNI AB A significant fraction (46/108, 43%) of swine isolates of Campylobacter coli but none of 81 isolates of C. coli from turkeys had genomic DNA that was resistant to digestion by MboI, suggesting methylation of adenines at GATC sites. No consistent association was noted between antimicrobial resistance and MboI resistance. Seven swine-associated multilocus sequence typing-based sequence types (STs) were detected among multiple isolates with MboI-resistant DNA. The data suggest host-associated DNA modification system(s) specific for adenine at GATC sites in C. coli from swine. C1 [Wright, Sandra; Siletzky, Robin M.; Kathariou, Sophia] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wilson, Simone] St Augustines Coll, Raleigh, NC USA. [Miller, William G.; Mandrell, Robert E.] ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA USA. RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Campus Box 7624,339 Schaub Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM skathar@ncsu.edu FU USDA-NRI [2008-35201-04664]; USDA-ARS CRIS [5325-42000-045]; National Science Foundation [HRD 0102892] FX This research was partially supported by USDA-NRI Competitive Grant 2008-35201-04664 and USDA-ARS CRIS project 5325-42000-045. S. Wilson was partially supported with National Science Foundation grant HRD 0102892 to St. Augustine's College. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 76 IS 21 BP 7314 EP 7317 DI 10.1128/AEM.00934-10 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 670PM UT WOS:000283439800045 PM 20833787 ER PT J AU Nghiem, NP Hicks, KB Johnston, DB AF Nghiem, Nhuan P. Hicks, Kevin B. Johnston, David B. TI Integration of Succinic Acid and Ethanol Production With Potential Application in a Corn or Barley Biorefinery SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Succinic acid; Escherichia coli AFP184; CO(2) fixation; Ethanol fermentation; Biorefinery ID ENGINEERED ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FERMENTATIONS AB Production of succinic acid from glucose by Escherichia coli strain AFP184 was studied in a batch fermentor. The bases used for pH control included NaOH, KOH, NH(4)OH, and Na(2)CO(3). The yield of succinic acid without and with carbon dioxide supplied by an adjacent ethanol fermentor using either corn or barley as feedstock was examined. The carbon dioxide gas from the ethanol fermentor was sparged directly into the liquid media in the succinic acid fermentor without any pretreatment. Without the CO(2) supplement, the highest succinic acid yield was observed with Na(2)CO(3), followed by NH(4)OH, and lowest with the other two bases. When the CO(2) produced in the ethanol fermentation was sparged into the media in the succinic acid fermentor, no improvement of succinic acid yield was observed with Na(2)CO(3). However, several-fold increases in succinic acid yield were observed with the other bases, with NH(4)OH giving the highest yield increase. The yield of succinic acid with CO(2) supplement from the ethanol fermentor when NH(4)OH was used for pH control was equal to that obtained when Na(2)CO(3) was used, with or without CO(2) supplementation. The benefit of sparging CO(2) from ethanol fermentation on the yield of succinic acid demonstrated the feasibility of integration of succinic acid fermentation with ethanol fermentation in a biorefinery for production of fuels and industrial chemicals. C1 [Nghiem, Nhuan P.; Hicks, Kevin B.; Johnston, David B.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nghiem, NP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM John.Nghiem@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 162 IS 7 BP 1915 EP 1928 DI 10.1007/s12010-010-8969-1 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 656GD UT WOS:000282315100009 PM 20521123 ER PT J AU Chacko, SK Sunehag, AL AF Chacko, Shaji K. Sunehag, Agneta L. TI Gluconeogenesis continues in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE INFUSION; HUMAN NEWBORN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; GLYCEROL; METABOLISM; TURNOVER; STATE; MORBIDITY; NEONATE AB Objective To determine the contribution of total gluconeogenesis to glucose production in preterm infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) providing glucose exceeding normal infant glucose turnover rates. Study Design Eight infants (0.955 +/- 0.066 kg, 26.5 +/- 0.5 weeks, 4 +/- 1 days) were studied while receiving routine TPN. The glucose appearance rate (the sum of rates of glucose infusion and residual glucose production) and gluconeogenesis were measured by stable isotope-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques using deuterated water and applying the Chacko and Landau methods. Results Blood glucose ranged from 5.2 to 14.3 mmol/l (94-257 mg/dl) and the glucose infusion rate from 7.4 to 11.4 mg/kg per min, thus exceeding the normal glucose production rates (GPO) of newborn infants in most of the babies. The glucose appearance rate was 12.4 +/- 0.6 and GPO 2.1 +/- 0.3 mg/kg per min. Gluconeogenesis as a fraction of the glucose appearance rate was 11.2 +/- 1.1% (Chacko) and 10.5 +/- 1.2% (Landau) (NS) and the rate of gluconeogenesis was 1.35 +/- 0.15 mg/kg per min (Chacko) and 1.29 +/- 0.14 mg/kg per min (Landau) (NS). Gluconeogenesis accounted for 73 +/- 11% and 68 +/- 10 (NS) of the GPO for the two methods, respectively. Gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis were not affected by the total glucose infusion rate, glucose concentration, gestational age or birth weight. Glucose concentration correlated with the total glucose infusion rate and gestational age (combined R(2)=0.79, p=0.02). Conclusions Gluconeogenesis is sustained in preterm infants receiving routine TPN providing glucose at rates exceeding normal infant glucose turnover rates and accounts for the major part of residual glucose production. Gluconeogenesis is not affected by the glucose infusion rate or blood glucose concentration. C1 [Sunehag, Agneta L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Sunehag, Agneta L.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Sunehag, AL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates Ave, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM asunehag@bcm.tmc.edu FU NIH [R01 HD 37857]; USDA [58-6250-6-001]; General Clinical Research Center, National Center for Research Resources, NIH [M01-RR-001888] FX This study received support from NIH R01 HD 37857, USDA Cooperative Agreement #58-6250-6-001, and the General Clinical Research Center, National Center for Research Resources, NIH M01-RR-001888. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1359-2998 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD-FETAL JI Arch. Dis. Child.-Fetal Neonatal Ed. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 95 IS 6 BP F413 EP F418 DI 10.1136/adc.2009.178020 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 675NO UT WOS:000283837600008 PM 20682577 ER PT J AU Moore, MT Kroger, R AF Moore, M. T. Kroeger, R. TI Effect of Three Insecticides and Two Herbicides on Rice (Oryza sativa) Seedling Germination and Growth SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HEAVY-METALS; PLANT UPTAKE; SOIL; FIPRONIL; L.; ACCUMULATION; CHEMICALS; ATRAZINE AB Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. However, it is also a valuable tool in assessing toxicity of organic and inorganic compounds. For more than 20 years, it has been an approved species for standardized phytotoxicity experiments. The objective of this study is to determine germination and radicle (root) and coleoptile (shoot) growth of rice seeds exposed to three insecticides and two herbicides, commonly used in the agricultural production landscape. Although no germination effects of pesticide exposure were observed, significant growth effects were noted between pesticide treatments. Coleoptile growth was significantly (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05) lowered in metolachlor/atrazine mixture, diazinon, and lambda-cyhalothrin exposures when compared with controls. Radicles of fipronil-exposed seeds were significantly larger (p a parts per thousand currency sign 0.05) when compared with controls. This research contributes to the phytotoxicity assessment database, in addition to laying the foundation for the use of rice as a phytoremediation tool for agricultural pesticide runoff. C1 [Moore, M. T.] ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. [Kroeger, R.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Moore, MT (reprint author), ARS, Water Qual & Ecol Res Unit, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. EM matt.moore@ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 59 IS 4 BP 574 EP 581 DI 10.1007/s00244-010-9519-0 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 666FH UT WOS:000283098800006 PM 20387062 ER PT J AU Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic, N Sabanadzovic, S Uyemoto, JK Golino, D Rowhani, A AF Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic, N. Sabanadzovic, S. Uyemoto, J. K. Golino, D. Rowhani, A. TI A putative new ampelovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAND RNA VIRUSES; GENOME ORGANIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; DOMAIN; IDENTIFICATION; CLOSTEROVIRUS; CONSERVATION; GENERATION; PROTEINS; SEQUENCE AB A putative new ampelovirus was detected in Vitis vinifera cv. Carnelian showing mild leafroll symptoms and molecularly characterized. The complete genome consisted of 13,625 nt and had a structure similar to that of members of subgroup I in the genus Ampelovirus (fam. Closteroviridae). In-depth analyses showed that the virus from cv. Carnelian is the most distinct member of the "GLRaV-4 lineage" of ampeloviruses, which comprises GLRaV-4, -5, -6, -9, and the recently characterized GLRaV-Pr, and GLRaV-De. This virus appears to be a new member of the family Closteroviridae, for which the provisional name grapevine leafroll-associated Carnelian virus is proposed. C1 [Sabanadzovic, S.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Uyemoto, J. K.; Rowhani, A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rowhani, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ss501@msstate.edu; akrowhani@ucdavis.edu OI Sabanadzovic, Sead/0000-0002-2995-2633 FU CDFA Fruit Tree, Nut Tree and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board FX This work was partially supported by a grant from the CDFA Fruit Tree, Nut Tree and Grapevine Improvement Advisory Board. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J11852 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 155 IS 11 BP 1871 EP 1876 DI 10.1007/s00705-010-0773-2 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 680MY UT WOS:000284238700016 ER PT J AU Gould, WA Gonzalez, G Walker, DA Ping, CL AF Gould, William A. Gonzalez, Grizelle Walker, Donald A. Ping, Chien-Lu TI Commentary. Integrating Research, Education, and Traditional Knowledge in Ecology: a Case Study of Biocomplexity in Arctic Ecosystems SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID EARTH HUMMOCKS; CANADA; SCIENCE; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; REGION C1 [Gould, William A.; Gonzalez, Grizelle] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Walker, Donald A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Ping, Chien-Lu] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Palmer Res Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. RP Gould, WA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. OI Gould, William/0000-0002-3720-9735; Gonzalez, Grizelle /0000-0003-3007-5540 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 10 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1657/1938.4246.42.4.379 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 690EW UT WOS:000284986300001 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Westfall, RD AF Millar, Constance I. Westfall, Robert D. TI Distribution and Climatic Relationships of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps) in the Sierra Nevada and Western Great Basin, U.S.A.; Periglacial Landforms as Refugia in Warming Climates. Reply SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HABITAT SELECTION; PYGMY RABBIT; USA; POPULATIONS; SITE; PATTERNS C1 [Millar, Constance I.; Westfall, Robert D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Westfall, Bob/0000-0002-8315-3322 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 EI 1938-4246 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 4 BP 493 EP 496 DI 10.1657/1938.4246.42.4.493 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 690EW UT WOS:000284986300014 ER PT J AU van Himbergen, TM Hegele, RA McIntyre, AD van Tits, LJ de Graaf, J Stalenhoef, AF Schaefer, EJ AF van Himbergen, Thomas M. Hegele, Robert A. McIntyre, Adam D. van Tits, Lambertus J. de Graaf, Jacqueline Stalenhoef, Anton F. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia Is Linked with 24-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase (DHCR24) Promoter Variants SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Scientific Sessions on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology CY APR 08-10, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [van Himbergen, Thomas M.; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Hegele, Robert A.; McIntyre, Adam D.] Univ Western Ontario, Robarts Rsch Inst, London, ON, Canada. [van Tits, Lambertus J.; de Graaf, Jacqueline; Stalenhoef, Anton F.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Cntr, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RI Stalenhoef, A.F.H./H-8094-2014; Graaf, J./H-8038-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 BP E288 EP E288 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 667YS UT WOS:000283234800472 ER PT J AU Otokozawa, S Ai, M Asztalos, BF White, CC Demissie-Banjaw, S Cupples, LA Nakajima, K Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ AF Otokozawa, Seiko Ai, Masumi Asztalos, Bela F. White, Charles C. Demissie-Banjaw, Serkalem Cupples, L. Adrienne Nakajima, Katsuyuki Wilson, Peter W. F. Schaefer, Ernst J. TI Direct assessment of plasma low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE Cholesterol; LDL; HDL; Coronary heart disease; Framingham Offspring Study ID LDL-CHOLESTEROL; ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; HOMOGENEOUS ASSAY; UTILITY; SERUM; HDL AB Background: We evaluated direct low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (C) versus standard methods using fasting plasma samples from participants in cycle 6 of the Framingham Offspring Study. Methods: Direct LDL-C and HDL-C measurements were performed on fasting plasma from male (1335 controls, 173 CHD cases) and female (1606 controls, 74 cases) participants, and compared with LDL-C, as calculated with the Friedewald formula, and HDL-C, as measured after dextran-Mg(2+) precipitation. Results: Values for direct LDL-C and HDL-C correlated well with standard methods (both about r(2) = 0.94, p < 0.001) with similar absolute values. Biases of >10% were present for 7.7% of samples for LDL-C, while for HDL-C this value was 8.5%. Despite higher use of cholesterol-lowering medication in CHD cases, calculated or direct LDL-C values were still well above recommended values [<2.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL)] in CHD cases, especially in females. Conclusions: Direct assays for both LDL-C and HDL-C provide an acceptable guide for lipid treatment. In Framingham Offspring Study participants most CHD cases had LDL-C levels above the recommended target. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Otokozawa, Seiko; Ai, Masumi; Asztalos, Bela F.; Nakajima, Katsuyuki; Schaefer, Ernst J.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [White, Charles C.; Demissie-Banjaw, Serkalem; Cupples, L. Adrienne] Boston Univ, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wilson, Peter W. F.] Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Ernst.Schaefer@tufts.edu OI Cupples, L. Adrienne/0000-0003-0273-7965 FU Kyowa Medex Co., Tokyo, Japan; Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan; National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD [NHLBI N01-HC 25195, HL 60935]; National Institutes of Health [R01 HL-60935, HL 74753, PO50HL083813]; U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-4-401] FX Grant/funding support: S. Otokozawa and M. Ai were supported by research fellowships from Kyowa Medex Co., Tokyo, Japan and Denka Seiken Co., Tokyo, Japan, respectively. L.A. Cupples, S. Demissie-Banjaw and C.C. White were supported by NHLBI N01-HC 25195 and HL 60935 from the National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, and B.F. Asztalos and E.J. Schaefer were supported by grants R01 HL-60935, HL 74753 and PO50HL083813 from the National Institutes of Health and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under agreement no. 58-1950-4-401. The assay kits used in the evaluation were provided by Kyowa Medex Co., Tokyo, Japan. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD NOV PY 2010 VL 213 IS 1 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.02.041 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 669NB UT WOS:000283356400088 PM 20863498 ER PT J AU Hafner, SD Montes, F Rotz, CA Mitloehner, F AF Hafner, Sasha D. Montes, Felipe Rotz, C. Alan Mitloehner, Frank TI Ethanol emission from loose corn silage and exposed silage particles SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Dairy farms; Volatile organic compounds; Emissions; Silage; Ozone precursors ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; AEROBIC DETERIORATION; MAIZE SILAGE; AIR VELOCITY; DAIRY; SPECTROMETRY; FERMENTATION; STABILITY; CHAMBER; LOSSES AB Silage on dairy farms has been identified as a major source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. However, rates of VOC emission from silage are not accurately known. In this work, we measured ethanol (a dominant silage VOC) emission from loose corn silage and exposed corn silage particles using wind tunnel systems. Flux of ethanol was highest immediately after exposing loose silage samples to moving air (as high as 220 g m(-2) h(-1)) and declined by as much as 76-fold over 12 h as ethanol was depleted from samples. Emission rate and cumulative 12 h emission increased with temperature, silage permeability, exposed surface area, and air velocity over silage samples. These responses suggest that VOC emission from silage on farms is sensitive to climate and management practices. Ethanol emission rates from loose silage were generally higher than previous estimates of total VOC emission rates from silage and mixed feed. For 15 cm deep loose samples, mean cumulative emission was as high as 170 g m(-2) (80% of initial ethanol mass) after 12 h of exposure to an air velocity of 5 m s(-1). Emission rates measured with an emission isolation flux chamber were lower than rates measured in a wind tunnel and in an open setting. Results show that the US EPA emission isolation flux chamber method is not appropriate for estimating VOC emission rates from silage in the field. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hafner, Sasha D.; Montes, Felipe; Rotz, C. Alan] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mitloehner, Frank] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Hafner, SD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, 3702 Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sasha.hafner@ars.usda.gov RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU National Milk Producers Federation; USDA-ARS FX This research was funded by the National Milk Producers Federation and the USDA-ARS. Curtis Dell (USDA-ARS) assisted with the gas chromatography analysis. Eileen Wheeler and Pat Topper (The Pennsylvania State University) provided some of the equipment used in this research. Donald Neeper (Los Alamos National Laboratory) and James Vrentas (The Pennsylvania State University) provided assistance in the interpretation of results. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 44 IS 34 BP 4172 EP 4180 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.029 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663WW UT WOS:000282921900005 ER PT J AU Sims, J Browning, C Kendig, H Fiatrone, SF Cowlishaw, S AF Sims, J. Browning, C. Kendig, H. Fiatrone, Singh F. Cowlishaw, S. TI Walking into older age: Findings from the Melbourne Longitudinal Studies on Ageing SO AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sims, J.; Browning, C.; Cowlishaw, S.] Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. [Fiatrone, Singh F.] Hebrew SeniorLife, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Fiatrone, Singh F.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Kendig, H.; Fiatrone, Singh F.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Browning, Colette/H-9903-2013 OI Browning, Colette/0000-0001-6739-0152 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1440-6381 J9 AUSTRALAS J AGEING JI Australas. Ageing PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 SU 2 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 666YN UT WOS:000283159100092 ER PT J AU Cabrera, JA Kurtz, A Sikora, RA Schouten, A AF Cabrera, J. Alfonso Kurtz, Andreas Sikora, Richard A. Schouten, Alexander TI Isolation and characterization of fenamiphos degrading bacteria SO BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Biodegradation; Fenamiphos; Fosthiazate; Soil bacteria; Nematicide efficacy ID ENHANCED BIODEGRADATION; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; MICROBACTERIUM SP; SOIL BACTERIUM; PURE CULTURE; ETHOPROPHOS; HYDROLYSIS; INSECTICIDES AB The biological factors responsible for the microbial breakdown of the organophosphorus nematicide fenamiphos were investigated. Microorganisms responsible for the enhanced degradation of fenamiphos were isolated from soil that had a long application history of this nematicide. Bacteria proved to be the most important group of microbes responsible for the fenamiphos biodegradation process. Seventeen bacterial isolates utilized the pure active ingredient fenamiphos as a carbon source. Sixteen isolates rapidly degraded the active ingredient in Nemacur 5GR. Most of the fenamiphos degrading bacteria were Microbacterium species, although Sinorhizobium, Brevundimonas, Ralstonia and Cupriavidus were also identified. This array of gram positive and gram negative fenamiphos degrading bacteria appeared to be pesticide-specific, since cross-degradation toward fosthiazate, another organophosphorus pesticide used for nematode control, did not occur. It was established that the phylogenetical relationship among nematicide degrading bacteria is closer than that to non-degrading isolates. C1 [Cabrera, J. Alfonso] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Cabrera, J. Alfonso; Kurtz, Andreas; Sikora, Richard A.; Schouten, Alexander] Univ Bonn, Dept Phytopathol Soil Ecosyst & Nematol, Inst Crop Sci & Resource Conservat, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. RP Cabrera, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM alfonso.cabrera@ars.usda.gov FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Bonn, Germany FX This work was partially supported with a Ph.D. scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Bonn, Germany. We thank Bayer CropScience, Germany, for providing Nemacur 5GR and soil samples. Syngenta Crop Protection, Switzerland, is acknowledged for providing Nemathorin 10WG. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0923-9820 EI 1572-9729 J9 BIODEGRADATION JI Biodegradation PD NOV PY 2010 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1017 EP 1027 DI 10.1007/s10532-010-9362-z PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 666WL UT WOS:000283153200015 PM 20464454 ER PT J AU Royo, AA Stout, SL deCalesta, DS Pierson, TG AF Royo, Alejandro A. Stout, Susan L. deCalesta, David S. Pierson, Timothy G. TI Restoring forest herb communities through landscape-level deer herd reductions: Is recovery limited by legacy effects? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Odocoileus virginianus; Trillium; Maianthemum; Medeola; Herbivory; Herbaceous; Recovery ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; GROUND-LAYER VEGETATION; NORTHEASTERN NORTH-AMERICA; PLATEAU RIPARIAN FORESTS; GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS; ALLEGHENY PLATEAU; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; HARDWOOD FORESTS; TRILLIUM-GRANDIFLORUM; SPECIES COMPOSITION AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) overbrowsing has altered plant species diversity throughout deciduous forest understories in eastern North America. Here we report on a landscape-level (306 km(2)) project in Pennsylvania, USA that tracked the herbaceous community response to deer herd reductions. From 2001 to 2007, we estimated deer densities, browse impact on woody seedlings, and censused the herbaceous flora in permanent plots throughout the area. We assessed herb layer species richness, abundance, and dominance and measured three known phytoindicators of deer impact: Trillium spp., Maianthemum canadense, and Medeola virginiana. We predicted that browse-sensitive taxa would increase in abundance, size, and flowering as would overall species diversity following deer culls and browse impact that declined by an order of magnitude by 2007. Following intensified deer harvests, we observed a limited recovery of the herbaceous community. Trillium spp. abundance, height, and flowering; M. canadense cover; and M. virginiana height all increased following herd reductions. Similarly, forb and shrub cover increased by 130% and 300%, respectively. Nevertheless, species diversity (i.e., richness and dominance) did not vary. Our work demonstrates that reducing deer densities can provide rapid morphological and population-level benefits to palatable species without a concomitant recovery in diversity. We suggest that decreasing deer populations alone may not promote plant diversity in overbrowsed, depauperate forests without additional restoration strategies to mitigate a browse-legacy layer dominated by browse-resistant species. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Royo, Alejandro A.; Stout, Susan L.; deCalesta, David S.] USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Royo, AA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM aroyo@fs.fed.us FU Allegheny National Forest; Bradford City Water Authority; Forest Investment Associates; Collins Pine Company; Keith Horn, Inc.; RAM Forest Products; Bradley Fund for the Environment (SCF); Vira I. Heinz endowment; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation FX The authors express their thanks to Kevin McAleese of the Sand County Foundation (SCF) for his considerable support of this project. We would also like to thank public and private partners including the Allegheny National Forest, Bradford City Water Authority, Forest Investment Associates, Collins Pine Company, Keith Horn, Inc., and RAM Forest Products for their support. Financial support was provided by the Bradley Fund for the Environment (SCF), the Vira I. Heinz endowment, and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Finally, we are indebted to C. Kirschbaum, B. Anacker, H. Steele, and J. Bowes for leading the census efforts; J. Stanovick for statistical assistance; C. Williams, T. Hutchinson, T. Ristau for reviewing early drafts; and three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on the manuscript. NR 85 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2425 EP 2434 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.05.020 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300002 ER PT J AU Glenn, EM Anthony, RG Forsman, ED AF Glenn, Elizabeth M. Anthony, Robert G. Forsman, Eric D. TI Population trends in northern spotted owls: Associations with climate in the Pacific Northwest SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Adult survival; Barred owl; Climate; Rate of population change; Recruitment; Strix occidentalis caurina; Weather ID HABITAT-USE; HOME-RANGE; DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; SOUTHERN OREGON; WESTERN OREGON; BARRED OWLS; FIR FORESTS; CALIFORNIA; WASHINGTON AB We used reverse time capture-mark-recapture models to describe associations between rate of population change (lambda) and climate for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) at six long-term study areas in Washington and Oregon, USA. Populations in three of six areas showed strong evidence of declining populations, while populations in two additional areas were likely declining as well. At four areas. lambda was positively associated with wetter-than-normal conditions during the growing season, which likely affects prey availability. Lambda was also negatively associated with cold, wet winters and nesting seasons, and the number of hot summer days. The amount of annual variation in lambda accounted for by climate varied across study areas (3-85%). Rate of population change was more sensitive to adult survival than to recruitment: however, there was considerable variation among years and across study areas for all demographic rates. While annual survival was more closely related to regional climate conditions, recruitment was often associated with local weather. In addition to climate, declines in recruitment at four of six areas were associated with increased presence of barred owls. Climate change models predict warmer, wetter winters and hotter, drier summers for the Pacific Northwest in the first half of the 21st century. Our results indicate that these conditions have the potential to negatively affect annual survival, recruitment, and consequently population growth rates for northern spotted owls. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Glenn, Elizabeth M.; Anthony, Robert G.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Forsman, Eric D.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Glenn, EM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM betsyglenn1@gmail.com FU USDA Forest Service; USDI Bureau of Land Management; USDI National Park Service; National Science Foundation FX Our research was funded by USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, USDI National Park Service, and the National Science Foundation. We are indebted to the dedicated field crew leaders and large number of field biologists who collected the demographic data over the past several decades. Earlier drafts of this manuscript were reviewed by Gail Olson, Cliff Pereira, and George Taylor. NR 49 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2543 EP 2552 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.06.021 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300015 ER PT J AU Schmidt, PM McCleery, RA Lopez, RR Silvy, NJ Schmidt, JA AF Schmidt, Paige M. McCleery, Robert A. Lopez, Roel R. Silvy, Nova J. Schmidt, Jason A. TI Habitat succession, hardwood encroachment and raccoons as limiting factors for Lower Keys marsh rabbits SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Density; Habitat succession; Hardwood encroachment; Lagomorphs; Raccoon; Sylvilagus palustris hefneri ID METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; MODEL SELECTION; MANAGEMENT; PREDATION; LANDSCAPES; VIABILITY; DYNAMICS; DENSITY; FLORIDA; EDGE AB The Lower Keys marsh rabbit (LKMR, Sylvilagus palustris hefneri), a marsh rabbit subspecies endemic to the Lower Keys, Florida was protected in 1990, however, populations continue to decline despite recovery efforts. We hypothesized on-going habitat loss and fragmentation due to succession and hardwood encroachment has lead to increased edge, reduced habitat quality, and increased activity by native raccoons (Procyon lotor). These factors reduce the suitability of patches in a later successional state, thus threatening LKMR recovery and metapopulation persistence. We surveyed 150 LKMR patches in 2008, tallying adult and juvenile rabbit pellets, estimating measures of habitat succession and quality (woody and herbaceous ground cover, distribution of herbaceous species) and recording raccoon activity (number of raccoon signs). We calculated patch edge (patch shape index) using ArcGIS. We evaluated the relationship between patch and habitat attributes and LKMR using regression analysis and model selection. We found both adult and juvenile LKMR pellet counts were lower in patches with higher shape indices and higher in patches with greater occurrence of bunchgrasses and forbs. We also found adult LKMR pellet counts were lower in patches with higher raccoon activity. Our results suggest patch edge, habitat succession and quality, and raccoons pose a threat to the persistence and recovery of LKMR populations. Recovery efforts should focus on reducing these trends through habitat management and raccoon removal implemented in carefully controlled experiments with proper monitoring. Measures of patch and habitat attributes important to LKMR should be incorporated into long-term metapopulation monitoring and used to evaluate recovery actions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schmidt, Paige M.; McCleery, Robert A.; Lopez, Roel R.; Silvy, Nova J.; Schmidt, Jason A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Schmidt, PM (reprint author), USDA APHIS Wildlife Serv Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM paige.m.schmidt@aphis.usda.gov; ramccleer-y@ufl.edu; roel@tamu.edu; n-silvy@tamu.edu; jason.a.schmidt@aphis.usda.gov OI McCleery, Robert/0000-0001-7018-005X FU US Department of Defense; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Texas AM University; Alfred P. Sloan Minority PhD. Program FX We received financial support from the US Department of Defense and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. P. Schmidt received support from Texas A&M University, the Alfred P. Sloan Minority PhD. Program, and the Student Career Experience Program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We would like to thank C. Backlund, E. Barham, and G. Kenny at the Naval Air Station Key West Environmental Office for providing access and logistical support and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for access to the Lower Florida Keys Refuges. We are grateful to A. Dedrickson, R. Loughridge, H. Murray, and D. Schmidt for field support, M. Boggess, B. Collier, L. Walters, and A. Wiley for analytical assistance, and A. Smith, B. Forys and 1 anonymous reviewer for comments on this manuscript. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 143 IS 11 BP 2703 EP 2710 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.016 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 670HR UT WOS:000283412300033 ER PT J AU Okubara, PA Call, DR Kwak, YS Skinner, DZ AF Okubara, Patricia A. Call, Douglas R. Kwak, Youn-sig Skinner, Daniel Z. TI Induction of defense gene homologues in wheat roots during interactions with Pseudomonas fluorescens SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Jasmonate signaling; Microarray; Oxidative stress; Rhizobacteria; Root transcriptome ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA; TOBACCO NECROSIS VIRUS; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; 2,4-DIACETYLPHLOROGLUCINOL-PRODUCING PSEUDOMONAS; SALICYLIC-ACID; ALTERNARIA-BRASSICICOLA; TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGES; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT AB Specific strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens directly inhibit soilborne fungal pathogens of Triticum aestivum (wheat) during colonization of the wheat rhizosphere, but until now the impact of these beneficial bacteria on wheat gene expression was unknown. To test the hypothesis that P. fluorescens induces defense genes in wheat roots, we constructed a custom microarray of 192 oligonucleotides representing 84 wheat root expressed sequence tags (ESTs) homologous to defense/stress genes from Arabidopsis, tomato, rice, and barley, and 11 candidate root developmental genes. The ESTs were selected from existing wheat root EST libraries. Arrays were interrogated with Alexa Fluor 546-labeled transcript (cDNA) populations from roots or coleoptiles of cultivar Finley or lines 442 or 443, near-isogenic for the cold temperature-dependent vrn1A flowering locus, four days after seed inoculation with the take-all-suppressive strain P. fluorescens Q8r1-96. Twenty-two transcripts encoding Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases, components of the oxidative stress, cold stress and jasmonic acid pathways, and proteins associated with the hypersensitive response were induced or repressed in wheat roots during P. fluorescens interactions. Transcripts encoding pathogenesis-related protein Pr-10a and hypersensitive response protein HRin1 also were induced in coleoptiles. Real-time PCR demonstrated that eleven transcripts were induced in root tissue between 2 and 6 h and remained elevated at 24 h post-inoculation. Our findings suggest that biocontrol P. fluorescens modulates defense/stress gene expression in wheat roots. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Okubara, Patricia A.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Call, Douglas R.] Washington State Univ, Sch Global Anim Hlth, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Skinner, Daniel Z.] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Okubara, PA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, 367A Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM pokubara@wsu.edu FU USDA [5248-22000-012-00D, 5348-21430-002-00D]; Washington State University FX The authors thank Melissa Krug and Mike Berghammer for expert assistance with microarrays, Bruce Mackey for SAS analysis, and Shiaoman Chao and Olin Anderson for valuable discussions. Nucleotide sequences of selected ESTs were generated at the Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioanalysis, Washington State University. This work was supported by USDA ARS Project Number 5248-22000-012-00D (P.O.), 5348-21430-002-00D (D.S.), and the Agricultural Animal Health Program, Washington State University (D. C.). References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 2 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2010.07.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 647YK UT WOS:000281656600006 ER PT J AU Avery, ML Engeman, RM Keacher, KL Humphrey, JS Bruce, WE Mathies, TC Mauldin, RE AF Avery, Michael L. Engeman, Richard M. Keacher, Kandy L. Humphrey, John S. Bruce, William E. Mathies, Tom C. Mauldin, Richard E. TI Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Burmese python; Florida; Geographic range; Invasive species; Python molurus bivittatus AB The Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) is established in Everglades National Park and neighboring areas in south Florida. Beyond its substantial ecological impacts to native fauna in south Florida, concerns have been raised as to its potential to occupy other parts of the USA, even as far north as Washington, DC. During a recent period of cold weather, seven of nine captive Burmese pythons held in outdoor pens at our facility in north-central Florida died, or would have died absent our intervention. This cold-induced mortality occurred despite the presence of refugia with heat sources. Our findings cast doubt on the ability of free-ranging Burmese pythons to establish and persist beyond the subtropical environment of south Florida. C1 [Avery, Michael L.; Keacher, Kandy L.; Humphrey, John S.; Bruce, William E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Engeman, Richard M.; Mathies, Tom C.; Mauldin, Richard E.] Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Avery, ML (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Florida Field Stn, 2820 E Univ Ave, Gainesville, FL USA. EM michael.l.avery@aphis.usda.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 73 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3649 EP 3652 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9761-4 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711HX UT WOS:000286581200001 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA Uselman, SM Jones, TJ Duke, S AF Snyder, Keirith A. Uselman, Shauna M. Jones, Timothy J. Duke, Sara TI Ecophysiological responses of salt cedar (Tamarix spp. L.) to the northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata Desbrochers) in a controlled environment SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Biological control; Insect herbivory; Invasive species; Leaf gas exchange; Nitrogen retranslocation; Root respiration and biomass ID UNITED-STATES; WATER-UPTAKE; DEFOLIATION; NITROGEN; LEAF; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; HERBIVORY; GROWTH; ROOTS; TREES AB The northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata Desbrochers) was released in several western states as a biocontrol agent to suppress Tamarix spp. L. which has invaded riparian ecosystems; however, effects of beetle herbivory on Tamarix physiology are largely undocumented and may have ecosystem ramifications. Herbivory by this insect produces discoloration of leaves and premature leaf drop in these ecosystems, yet the cause of premature leaf drop and the effects of this leaf drop are still unknown. Insect herbivory may change leaf photosynthesis and respiration and may affect a plant's ability to regulate water loss and increase water stress. Premature leaf drop may affect plant tissue chemistry and belowground carbon allocation. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to understand how Tamarix responds physiologically to adult beetle and larvae herbivory and to determine the proximate cause of premature leaf drop. We hypothesized that plants experiencing beetle herbivory would have greater leaf and root respiration rates, greater photosynthesis, increased water stress, inefficient leaf nitrogen retranslocation, lower root biomass and lower total non-structural carbohydrates in roots. Insect herbivory reduced photosynthesis rates, minimally affected respiration rates, but significantly increased water loss during daytime and nighttime hours and this produced increased water stress. The proximate cause for premature leaf drop appears to be desiccation. Plants exposed to herbivory were inefficient in their retranslocation of nitrogen before premature leaf drop. Root biomass showed a decreasing trend in plants subjected to herbivory. Stress induced by herbivory may render these trees less competitive in future growing seasons. C1 [Snyder, Keirith A.; Uselman, Shauna M.; Jones, Timothy J.] ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Duke, Sara] ARS, USDA, So Plains Area, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Exot & Invas Weeds Res Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM keirith.snyder@ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3795 EP 3808 DI 10.1007/s10530-010-9772-1 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 711HX UT WOS:000286581200012 ER PT J AU Nilsson, C Brown, RL Jansson, R Merritt, DM AF Nilsson, Christer Brown, Rebecca L. Jansson, Roland Merritt, David M. TI The role of hydrochory in structuring riparian and wetland vegetation SO BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE landscapes; plant dispersal; plants; propagules; restoration; rivers; species richness ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; MACROPHYTE SPARGANIUM-EMERSUM; HIBISCUS-MOSCHEUTOS MALVACEAE; SEED FLOATING ABILITY; SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY; FRESH-WATER MARSH; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; AQUATIC PLANT; RIVER SYSTEM AB Hydrochory, or the passive dispersal of organisms by water, is an important means of propagule transport, especially for plants. During recent years, knowledge about hydrochory and its ecological consequences has increased considerably and a substantial body of literature has been produced. Here, we review this literature and define the state of the art of the discipline. A substantial proportion of species growing in or near water have propagules (fruits, seeds or vegetative units) able to disperse by water, either floating, submerged in flowing water, or with the help of floating vessels. Hydrochory can enable plants to colonize sites out of reach with other dispersal vectors, but the timing of dispersal and mechanisms of establishment are important for successful establishment. At the population level, hydrochory may increase the effective size and longevity of populations, and control their spatial configuration. Hydrochory is also an important source of species colonizing recruitment-limited riparian and wetland communities, contributing to maintenance of community species richness. Dispersal by water may even influence community composition in different landscape elements, resulting in landscape-level patterns. Genetically, hydrochory may reduce spatial aggregation of genetically related individuals, lead to high gene flow among populations, and increase genetic diversity in populations receiving many propagules. Humans have impacted hydrochory in many ways. For example, dams affect hydrochory by reducing peak flows and hence dispersal capacity, altering the timing of dispersal, and by presenting physical barriers to dispersal, with consequences for riverine plant communities. Hydrochory has been inferred to be an important vector for the spread of many invasive species, but there is also the potential for enhancing ecosystem restoration by improving or restoring water dispersal pathways. Climate change may alter the role of hydrochory by modifying the hydrology of water-bodies as well as conditions for propagule release and plant colonization. C1 [Nilsson, Christer; Jansson, Roland] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Grp, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Brown, Rebecca L.] Eastern Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Cheney, WA 99004 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, NRRC, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Nilsson, C (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Grp, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM christer.nilsson@emg.umu.se RI Jansson, Roland/B-7972-2013 OI Jansson, Roland/0000-0003-1767-7010 FU Swedish Research Council Formas; Eastern Washington University Foundation; Swedish Research Council; USDA Forest Service FX We thank two journal reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript. Christer Nilsson was supported by the Swedish Research Council Formas, Rebecca Brown was sponsored by a Faculty Research Grant from the Eastern Washington University Foundation, Roland Jansson was supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Research Council Formas, and David Merritt appreciates the support of the National Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air and Rare Plants Staff of the USDA Forest Service. NR 191 TC 128 Z9 134 U1 21 U2 220 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1464-7931 EI 1469-185X J9 BIOL REV JI Biol. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 4 BP 837 EP 858 DI 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00129.x PG 22 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 663JL UT WOS:000282880900009 PM 20233190 ER PT J AU Parker, N Tittmann, P Hart, Q Nelson, R Skog, K Schmidt, A Gray, E Jenkins, B AF Parker, Nathan Tittmann, Peter Hart, Quinn Nelson, Richard Skog, Ken Schmidt, Anneliese Gray, Edward Jenkins, Bryan TI Development of a biorefinery optimized biofuel supply curve for the Western United States SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Supply assessment; Resource; Supply chain; GIS; Optimization ID WASTE COOKING OIL; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; CORN STOVER; ECONOMIC-FEASIBILITY; BIOMASS; ETHANOL; COST; FEEDSTOCK AB A resource assessment and biorefinery siting optimization model was developed and implemented to assess potential biofuel supply across the Western United States from agricultural, forest, urban, and energy crop biomass. Spatial information including feedstock resources, existing and potential refinery locations and a transportation network model is provided to a mixed integer-linear optimization model that determines the optimal locations, technology types and sizes of biorefineries to satisfy a maximum profit objective function applied across the biofuel supply and demand chain from site of feedstock production to the product fuel terminal. The resource basis includes preliminary considerations of crop and residue sustainability. Sensitivity analyses explore possible effects of policy and technology changes. At a target market price of 19.6 $ GJ (1), the model predicts a feasible production level of 610-1098 PJ, enough to supply up to 15% of current regional liquid transportation fuel demand. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parker, Nathan] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Tittmann, Peter] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geog, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hart, Quinn] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nelson, Richard] Kansas State Univ, KSU Coll Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Skog, Ken] Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Schmidt, Anneliese; Gray, Edward] Antares Grp Inc, Landover, MD 20785 USA. [Jenkins, Bryan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Parker, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Transportat Studies, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM ncparker@ucdavis.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture; UC Davis FX We would like to thank Mui Lay for assistance with geographic analysis and mapping. This work was conducted under the Strategic Bioenergy Assessment of the Western Governors' Association. Support for this work was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Sustainable Transportation Energy Pathways (STEPS) program at UC Davis. NR 62 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1597 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.06.007 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 643WC UT WOS:000281329400009 ER PT J AU Krueger, NA Anderson, RC Tedeschi, LO Callaway, TR Edrington, TS Nisbet, DJ AF Krueger, N. A. Anderson, R. C. Tedeschi, L. O. Callaway, T. R. Edrington, T. S. Nisbet, D. J. TI Evaluation of feeding glycerol on free-fatty acid production and fermentation kinetics of mixed ruminal microbes in vitro SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biohydrogenation; Fermentation; Fiber digestibility; Glycerol ID ANAEROVIBRIO-LIPOLYTICA AB Ruminant-derived foods contain high proportions of saturated fats as a result of ruminal biohydrogenation that rapidly saturates and thus limits the availability of free unsaturated fatty acids for assimilation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glycerol on ruminal free-fatty acid (FFA) production rates and in vitro fermentation kinetics of alfalfa hay. In vitro incubations demonstrated 48% and 77% reductions in rates of FFA accumulation in incubations supplemented with 2% and 20% glycerol as compared to controls. In vitro incubations with alfalfa hay demonstrated that increasing levels of glycerol did not affect NDF digestibility of the hay. Additionally, increasing amounts of glycerol decreased the acetate to propionate ratio in the rumen. These results suggest that inhibiting bacterial fat degradation may promote ruminal passage of total lipid, thereby providing greater proportions of beneficial unsaturated fat for incorporation into beef products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Krueger, N. A.; Anderson, R. C.; Callaway, T. R.; Edrington, T. S.; Nisbet, D. J.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Tedeschi, L. O.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Anderson, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM robin.anderson@ars.usda.gov RI Tedeschi, Luis/C-4395-2016 OI Tedeschi, Luis/0000-0003-1883-4911 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 101 IS 21 BP 8469 EP 8472 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.010 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 634HH UT WOS:000280570900067 PM 20580225 ER PT J AU Tian, S Luo, XL Yang, XS Zhu, JY AF Tian, S. Luo, X. L. Yang, X. S. Zhu, J. Y. TI Robust cellulosic ethanol production from SPORL-pretreated lodgepole pine using an adapted strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae without detoxification SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic ethanol; Woody/forest biomass; Fermentation; Detoxification; Pretreatment ID BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION; STEAM PRETREATMENT; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; WOODY BIOMASS; FERMENTATION; RECALCITRANCE; TECHNOLOGIES; SPRUCE AB This study reports an ethanol yield of 270 L/ton wood from lodgepole pine pretreated with sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) using an adapted strain. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y5, without detoxification. The enzymatic hydrolysate produced from pretreated cellulosic solids substrate was combined with pretreatment hydrolysate before fermentation. Detoxification of the pretreatment hydrolysate using overliming or XAD-4 resin before being combined with enzymatic hydrolysate improved ethanol productivity in the first 4 h of fermentation and overall fermentation efficiency. However, detoxification did not improve final ethanol yield because of sugar losses. The Y5 strain showed excellent ethanol productivities of 2.0 and 0.8 g/L/h averaged over a period of 4 and 24 h, respectively, in the undetoxified run. The furan metabolization rates of the Y5 strain were significantly higher for the undetoxified run than those for the detoxidfied runs, suggesting it can tolerate even higher furan concentrations than those studied. Preliminary mass and energy balances were conducted. SPORL produced an excellent monomeric sugar recovery value of about 85% theoretical and a net energy output of 4.05 GJ/ton wood with an ethanol energy production efficiency of 178% before distillation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tian, S.; Yang, X. S.] Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Luo, X. L.] S China Univ Technol, Key Lab Pulp & Paper Engn, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Tian, S.; Luo, X. L.; Zhu, J. Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. [Luo, X. L.; Zhu, J. Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI USA. RP Tian, S (reprint author), Capital Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM cnu_tianshen@yahoo.com.cn; jzhu@fs.fed.us FU US Forest Service (USFS); Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China [09-CO-11111122-091]; USFS, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL); Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts FX This work is supported by the US Forest Service (USFS) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China through Joint Venture Agreement FS#09-CO-11111122-091. The joint venture provided financial support to S. Tian for her visiting appointment at the USFS, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). The USFS Program of Woody Biomass, Bioenergy, and Bioproducts (WBBB, 2009) provided financial support to X. Luo for his visiting appointments at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and USFS-FPL. We acknowledge Diane Dietrich (US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory) for carrying out the many careful analyses of ethanol in fermentation broth samples. We also appreciate Dr. Xuejun Pan of the Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, for allowing us to use the HPLC in his lab for sugar and inhibitor analyses. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 101 IS 22 BP 8678 EP 8685 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.069 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 643AA UT WOS:000281262900028 PM 20620049 ER PT J AU Rastogi, G Bhalla, A Adhikari, A Bischoff, KM Hughes, SR Christopher, LP Sani, RK AF Rastogi, Gurdeep Bhalla, Aditya Adhikari, Akash Bischoff, Kenneth M. Hughes, Stephen R. Christopher, Lew P. Sani, Rajesh K. TI Characterization of thermostable cellulases produced by Bacillus and Geobacillus strains SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulose-degrading bacteria; DUSEL; Compost; Thermostable enzymes; Bioprocessing ID CELLULOSE-DEGRADING BACTERIA; HOMESTAKE GOLD MINE; DEEP SUBSURFACE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; PURIFICATION; BIOMASS; ENDOGLUCANASE; DIVERSITY; COMPLEX; ISOLATE AB The composition of thermophilic (60 degrees C) mixed cellulose-degrading enrichment culture initiated from compost samples was examined by constructing a 16S rRNA gene clone library and the presence of sequences related to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, and Protebacteria were identified. Eight isolates capable of degrading cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), or ponderosa pine sawdust were identified as belonging to the genera Geobacillus, Thermobacillus, Cohnella, and Thermus. A compost isolate WSUCF1 (Geobacillus sp.) was selected based on its higher growth rate and cellulase activity compared to others in liquid minimal medium containing cellulose as a source of carbon and energy. Strain WSUCF1 and a previously isolated thermophilic cellulose-degrading deep gold mine strain DUSELR13 (Bacillus sp.) were examined for their enzyme properties and kinetics. The optimal pH for carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity was 5.0 for both isolates. The optimum temperatures for CMCase of WSUCFI and DUSELR13 were 70 and 75 degrees C, respectively. For CMC, the DUSELR13 and WSUCF1 CMCases had K(m) values of 3.11 and 1.08 mg/ml, respectively. Most remarkably, WSUCF1 and DUSELR13 retained 89% and 78% of the initial CMCase activities, respectively, after incubation at 70 C for 1 day. These thermostable enzymes would facilitate development of more efficient and cost-effective forms of the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process to convert lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rastogi, Gurdeep; Bhalla, Aditya; Adhikari, Akash; Sani, Rajesh K.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Bischoff, Kenneth M.; Hughes, Stephen R.] USDA, Bioprod & Biocatalysis Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Christopher, Lew P.] S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Ctr Bioproc Res & Dev, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Sani, RK (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM Rajesh.Sani@sdsmt.edu RI BHALLA, ADITYA/Q-2792-2015 OI BHALLA, ADITYA/0000-0003-3462-9600 FU Nelson Research Award; South Dakota Board of Regents Competitive Research [SDBOR/SDSMT 2010-09-05]; Center for Bioprocessing Research and Development and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology FX This research was funded by the Nelson Research Award Funds and South Dakota Board of Regents Competitive Research Grant (Award No. SDBOR/SDSMT 2010-09-05). The active support of the Center for Bioprocessing Research and Development and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers whose critiques were instrumental in improving the quality of our manuscript. NR 34 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 101 IS 22 BP 8798 EP 8806 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.001 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 643AA UT WOS:000281262900046 PM 20599378 ER PT J AU Cui, D Zhang, Q Li, MZ Hartman, GL Zhao, YF AF Cui, Di Zhang, Qin Li, Minzan Hartman, Glen L. Zhao, Youfu TI Image processing methods for quantitatively detecting soybean rust from multispectral images SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; SEVERITY; PLANTS; YIELD AB Soybean rust is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of soybean, and can cause significant yield loss. Timely application of fungicide in the early stage of rust infection, which is critically important for effective control of the disease, is heavily dependent upon the capability to quantitatively detect the infection. This paper reports research outcomes from developing image processing methods for quantitatively detecting rust severity from multi-spectral images. A fast manual threshold-setting method was originally developed based on HSI (Hue Saturation Intensity) colour model for segmenting infected areas from plant leaves. Two disease diagnostic parameters, ratio of infected area (RIA) and rust colour index (RCI), were extracted and used as symptom indicators for quantifying rust severity. To achieve automatic rust detection, an alternative method of analysing the centroid of leaf colour distribution in the polar coordinate system was investigated. Leaf images with various levels of rust severity were collected and analyzed. Validation results showed that the threshold-setting method was capable of detecting soybean rust severity under laboratory conditions, whereas the centroid-locating method had the potential to be applied in the field. (C) 2010 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Qin] Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Engn, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Cui, Di; Li, Minzan] China Agr Univ, Key Lab Modern Precis Agr Syst Integrat Res, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Hartman, Glen L.; Zhao, Youfu] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, Glen L.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Engn, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM qinzhang@wsu.edu FU USDA [ILLU-10-352 AE]; State Scholarship Fund of China FX This research was partially supported by USDA Hatch Funds (ILLU-10-352 AE) and the State Scholarship Fund of China. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of China Agricultural University, Washington State University, USDA, University of Illinois, and State Scholarship Fund of China. Trade and manufacturer's names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the authors and the funding agencies neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 107 IS 3 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.06.004 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 683YG UT WOS:000284513600004 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Thomson, SJ Ortiz, BV Reddy, KN Ding, W Zablotowicz, RM Bright, JR AF Huang, Y. Thomson, S. J. Ortiz, B. V. Reddy, K. N. Ding, W. Zablotowicz, R. M. Bright, J. R. TI Airborne remote sensing assessment of the damage to cotton caused by spray drift from aerially applied glyphosate through spray deposition measurements SO BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CORN; MANAGEMENT AB To identify the effects of aerially applied glyphosate on cotton plants, a field was planted with replicated blocks of cotton. To quantify relative deposits of applied chemical, spray samplers were placed in the spray swath and in several downwind orientations. An Air Tractor 402B spray aircraft, equipped with fifty-four CP-09 nozzles, was flown down the centre of the field to apply a mixture of 1.54 kg ha(-1) of glyphosate and rubidium chloride tracer at a 46.77 l ha(-1) application rate. At one week intervals following treatment, aerial colour-infrared imagery was obtained from the field using a global positioning system-triggered multispectral camera system. The processed drift and image data were highly correlated with correlation coefficients (r) from -0.38 to -0.97 at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment. The drift and image data were used as the indicators of visual injury in regressions with a strong ability to explain variability (R(2) from 0.36 to 0.90 for drift data for the first week after treatment (WAT); from 0.20 to 0.90 for image data from 1, 2, to 3 WAT). The results illustrate that spray drift sampling can explain early cotton injury (1 WAT), and airborne remote sensing can explain late cotton injury (2 and 3 WAT). The results are helpful for determining the extent of required near-field drift sampling and demonstrate that airborne multispectral imaging can be a viable tool for determining the extent of damage relative to derived concentrations of glyphosate. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. C1 [Huang, Y.; Thomson, S. J.; Reddy, K. N.; Zablotowicz, R. M.; Bright, J. R.] ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Ortiz, B. V.] Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Ding, W.] NE Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Prod Syst Res Unit, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yanbo.huang@ars.usda.gov OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1537-5110 J9 BIOSYST ENG JI Biosyst. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 107 IS 3 BP 212 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2010.08.003 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 683YG UT WOS:000284513600007 ER PT J AU Deemer, DL Nelson, CD AF Deemer, Dennis L. Nelson, C. Dana TI Standardized SSR allele naming and binning among projects SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE short simple repeats; microsatellites; alleles; bins; standardization ID MICROSATELLITE; REPEATS AB Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have proven to be extremely valuable DNA markers for genetic mapping and population genetic analyses. However, data collected across laboratories or even within laboratories are difficult to combine due to challenges in standardizing allele names, especially for nonmodel systems. Here we provide a new approach for standardizing SSR allele names that combines several previously recognized components for standardization, including reference samples/alleles, cumulative binsets, static between-allele spacing, and interval allele naming. C1 [Deemer, Dennis L.; Nelson, C. Dana] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Nelson, CD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM dananelson@fs.fed.us NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOTECHNIQUES OFFICE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD NOV PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 835 EP 836 DI 10.2144/000113540 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 726KC UT WOS:000287719300016 PM 21091449 ER PT J AU Bae, JH Suh, MJ Lee, NY Hou, CT Kim, HR AF Bae, Jae-Han Suh, Min Jeong Lee, Na-Young Hou, Ching T. Kim, Hak-Ryul TI Production of a Value-added Hydroxy Fatty Acid, 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic Acid, from High Oleic Safflower Oil by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE bioconversion; hydroxy fatty acid; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; safflower oil ID LINOLEIC-ACID; BIOCONVERSION; INTERMEDIATE; COMPOUND; TRIOLEIN; PLANT AB Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs), originally obtained m small amounts from plant systems, are good examples of structurally modified lipids, and they render special properties such as higher viscosity and reactivity compared to normal fatty acids Based on these properties, HFAs possess high industrial potential in a wide range of applications Recently, various microbial strains were tested for the production of HFAs from different unsaturated fatty acids since FIFA production is limited to plant systems Among the microbial strains tested, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 has been well studied for the production of 7,10-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD) from oleic acid Previously, we reported that strain PR3 could utilize triolein instead of oleic acid as a substrate for the production of DOD (Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007, 74 301-306) In this study, we focused on utilization of vegetable oil as a substrate for DOD production by PR3 Consequently, strain PR3 efficiently utilized high oleic safflower oil as a substrate for DOD production Optimal initial medium pH and incubation time were pH 8 0 and 72 h, respectively Optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were fructose and glutamine, respectively Results from this study demonstrate that normal vegetable oils could be used as efficient substrates for the production of value-added HFAs by microbial bioconversion C1 [Bae, Jae-Han; Suh, Min Jeong; Lee, Na-Young; Kim, Hak-Ryul] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. [Hou, Ching T.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Renewable Product Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bae, JH (reprint author), Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Biotechnol, Taegu 702701, South Korea. FU Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-521-F00065] FX This work was supported by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-521-F00065) NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU KOREAN SOC BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING PI SEOUL PA KOREAN SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CENTER, #704 YEOGSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 1226-8372 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E JI Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 15 IS 6 BP 953 EP 958 DI 10.1007/s12257-010-0057-4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 701ZE UT WOS:000285862900009 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, A Kauffman, JB AF Ainsworth, Alison Kauffman, J. Boone TI Interactions of Fire and Nonnative Species Across an Elevation/Plant Community Gradient in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE disturbance; invasive species; Metrosideros polymorpha; sprouting; tropical forest ID SEASONAL SUBMONTANE ZONE; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; EXOTIC GRASSES; RAIN-FOREST; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; NATURAL COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; GLOBAL CHANGE; ALIEN PLANTS; PUERTO-RICO AB Invasive species interacting with fires pose a relatively unknown, but potentially serious, threat to the tropical forests of Hawaii. Fires may create conditions that facilitate species invasions, but the degree to which this occurs in different tropical plant communities has not been quantified. We documented the survival and establishment of plant species for 2 yr following 2003 wildfires in tropical moist and wet forest life zones in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Fires were ignited by lava flows and burned across a steep environmental gradient encompassing two previously burned shrub-dominated communities and three Metrosideros polymorpha forest communities. Fires in all community types were stand replacing, where >95 percent of overstory trees were top killed. Over half (>57%) of the trees survived via basal sprouting, but sprout growth differed among forest communities. Sprout growth (4250,000 cm(3)) was greatest in the forest community where postfire understory cover was lowest presumably due to thick native Dicranopteris linearis fern litter that remained postfire. In contrast, M. polymorpha sprout growth was much slower (<100,000 cm(3)) in the two forest communities where there was rapid understory recovery of nonnative ferns Nephrolepis multiflora and invasive grassesPaspalum conjugatum. These results suggest that the rapid establishment of an invasive-dominated understory limited recovery of the overstory dominant M. polymorpha. In contrast to the three forest communities, there were few changes in vegetation composition in the shrubland communities. Nonnative species invasions coupled with repeated fires selectively eliminated fire-sensitive species thereby maintaining these communities in dominance of primarily nonnative, fire-resilient, species. C1 [Ainsworth, Alison] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kauffman, J. Boone] US Forest Serv, USDA, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM alison_ainsworth@nps.gov FU National Joint Fire Science Program FX Funding for this study came from the National Joint Fire Science Program. T. Tunison, R. Loh, and F. Hughes provided guidance and advice throughout the study. We thank the personnel of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park for access and logistical support. This research would not have been possible without the dedication of a number of terrific field assistants including M. Tetteh, L. Frady, C. Weitl, L. Band, J. Boehner, Wataru, S. Madden, and T. Hartell. In addition, two anonymous referees and C. Litton gave valuable inputs to this paper. NR 73 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 6 BP 647 EP 655 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00636.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676WP UT WOS:000283949700004 ER PT J AU Griffis, TJ Sargent, SD Lee, X Baker, JM Greene, J Erickson, M Zhang, X Billmark, K Schultz, N Xiao, W Hu, N AF Griffis, T. J. Sargent, S. D. Lee, X. Baker, J. M. Greene, J. Erickson, M. Zhang, X. Billmark, K. Schultz, N. Xiao, W. Hu, N. TI Determining the Oxygen Isotope Composition of Evapotranspiration Using Eddy Covariance SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; Evapotranspiration; Isotopic discrimination; Isotopic forcing; Oxygen isotopes; Tunable diode laser spectroscopy; Water vapour ID RATIO MASS-SPECTROMETRY; WATER-VAPOR; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; DELTA-O-18; EVAPORATION; ATMOSPHERE; FLUXES; CO2; DELTA-H-2; EXCHANGE AB The oxygen isotope composition of evapotranspiration (delta (F) ) represents an important tracer in the study of biosphere-atmosphere interactions, hydrology, paleoclimate, and carbon cycling. Here, we demonstrate direct measurement of delta (F) based on the eddy-covariance and tunable diode laser spectroscopy (EC-TDL) techniques. Results are presented from laboratory experiments and field measurements in agricultural ecosystems. The field measurements were obtained during the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. Water vapour mixing ratios (chi (w) ) and fluxes (F) were compared using EC-TDL and traditional eddy-covariance and infrared gas analyser techniques over a soybean canopy in 2008. The results indicate that chi (w) and F agreed to within 1 and 6%, respectively. Measurements of delta (F) above a corn canopy in 2009 revealed a diurnal pattern with an expected progressive (18)O enrichment through the day ranging from about -20aEuro degrees before sunrise to about -5aEuro degrees in late afternoon. The isotopic composition of evapotranspiration was similar to the xylem water isotope composition (delta (x) = -7.2aEuro degrees) for short periods of time during 1400-1800 LST, indicating near steady-state conditions. Finally, the isotopic forcing values (I (F) ) revealed a diurnal pattern with mean maximum values of 0.09ms(-1)aEuro degrees at midday. The I (F) values could be described as an exponential relation of relative humidity confirming previous model calculations and measurements over a soybean canopy in 2006. These patterns and comparisons indicate that long-term continuous isotopic water vapour flux measurements based on the eddy-covariance technique are feasible and can provide new insights related to the oxygen isotope fractionation processes at the canopy scale. C1 [Griffis, T. J.; Erickson, M.; Billmark, K.; Schultz, N.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN USA. [Sargent, S. D.; Greene, J.] Campbell Sci Inc, Logan, UT USA. [Lee, X.; Zhang, X.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Baker, J. M.] ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. [Xiao, W.; Hu, N.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Appl Meteorol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Griffis, TJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN USA. EM tgriffis@umn.edu RI Griffis, Timothy/A-5707-2011; Xiao, Wei/G-6586-2012; Zhang, Xin/K-8264-2016 OI Xiao, Wei/0000-0002-9199-2177; Zhang, Xin/0000-0003-1619-1537 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0546476, ATM-0914473, DEB-0514908]; Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64316]; College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, at the University of Minnesota FX This work is dedicated to the memory of Bert Tanner who helped pioneer tunable diode laser spectroscopy techniques for micrometeorological research. We express our sincere thanks to Jeremy Smith and Bill Breiter for their technical assistance in the lab and at the field site. Funding for this research has been provided by the National Science Foundation, ATM-0546476 (TG), ATM-0914473 (XL), DEB-0514908 (XL and TG), the Office of Science (BER) U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG02-06ER64316 (TG and JB) and the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, at the University of Minnesota. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 137 IS 2 BP 307 EP 326 DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9529-5 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661BB UT WOS:000282696600008 ER PT J AU Jetter, A Egli, A Henschkowski, J Dawson-Hughes, B Staehelin, HB Stocklin, E Wolfram, S Corti, N Bischoff-Ferrari, HA AF Jetter, A. Egli, A. Henschkowski, J. Dawson-Hughes, B. Staehelin, H. B. Stoecklin, E. Wolfram, S. Corti, N. Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. TI PHARMACOKINETIC COMPARISON BETWEEN ORAL SUPPLEMENTATION REGIMENS WITH 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D3 AND VITAMIN D3 SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the German Clinical Pharmacologists CY NOV 04-06, 2010 CL Wuerzburg, GERMANY C1 [Jetter, A.; Corti, N.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Div Clin Pharmacol & Toxicol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Egli, A.; Henschkowski, J.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich, Ctr Aging & Mobil, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dawson-Hughes, B.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Staehelin, H. B.] Univ Basel Hosp, Dept Geriatr, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. [Stoecklin, E.; Wolfram, S.] DSM Nutr Prod Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Rheumatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.] Univ Zurich Hosp, Inst Med Phys, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0306-5251 J9 BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO JI Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 70 SU 1 MA 30 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 649TN UT WOS:000281796900031 ER PT J AU Arrueta, LD Shukle, RH Wise, IL Mittapalli, O AF Arrueta, Lourdes D. Shukle, Richard H. Wise, Ian L. Mittapalli, Omprakash TI Gene characterization of two digestive serine proteases in Sitodiplosis mosellana: implications for alternative control strategies SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID MACROGLENES-PENETRANS HYMENOPTERA; WHEAT BLOSSOM MIDGE; SPRING WHEAT; HESSIAN FLY; DIPTERA; CECIDOMYIIDAE; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; INHIBITOR; CLONING AB Two full-length cDNA sequences encoding digestive serine proteases (designated as SmPROT-1 and SmPROT-2) were recovered from the midgut of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), in an ongoing expressed sequence tag project. The deduced amino acid sequences shared homology with digestive serine proteases from insect and non-insect species, including conserved regions such as the catalytic triad, active pocket, and conserved structural motifs. Secretory signal peptides in both proteases at the N-terminals indicate that these proteins could function as midgut digestive serine proteases. A phylogenetic analysis grouped SmPROT-1 and SmPROT-2 with trypsin-like and chymotrysin-like serine proteases, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that SmPROT-1 and SmPROT-2 were expressed predominantly in the midgut rather than in other tissues (fat body and salivary glands). Expression analyses revealed high mRNA levels for the feeding instars (1st- and 2nd-instar larvae) compared with other stages (neonate, 3rd instar, pupa, and adult). These results provide new insights into the biology of S. mosellana and are discussed in the context of developing alternative control strategies. C1 [Arrueta, Lourdes D.; Mittapalli, Omprakash] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Shukle, Richard H.] Purdue Univ, ARS, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Wise, Ian L.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. RP Mittapalli, O (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mittapalli.1@osu.edu FU State fund; Federal fund FX We thank Binny Bhandary and Raksha Adhikari for their help with the quantitative PCR analysis. We also appreciate the technical support provided by Sheila Wolfe during this process. Funding for this project was provided by State and Federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 142 IS 6 BP 532 EP 545 DI 10.4039/n10-042 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 688OI UT WOS:000284860200002 ER PT J AU Francese, JA Fraser, I Rietz, ML Crook, DJ Lance, DR Mastro, VC AF Francese, Joseph A. Fraser, Ivich Rietz, Michael L. Crook, Damon J. Lance, David R. Mastro, Victor C. TI Relation of color, size, and canopy placement of prism traps in determining capture of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AGRILUS-PLANIPENNIS COL.; REGIONS; LURE AB In 2008 we compared numbers of emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, captured on glue-coated prism traps of different sizes (standard, double-length narrow, and quarter), colors (green and purple), and height in relation to the canopy of ash host trees (midcanopy (10-13 m) and ground level (1.5 m)). Standard-size prism traps caught more A. planipennis than did quarter-size prism traps, but catch per square metre of surface area did not differ significantly among the three trap sizes. Twenty percent of quarter-size prism traps failed to catch a single beetle, while all traps of the two larger sizes were successful. The larger traps therefore appear to be more useful as detection tools. In 2009 we compared purple and green standard-size prism traps at three heights: midcanopy (13 m), lower canopy (6 m), and ground (1.5 m). Green traps caught more adult emerald ash borers than did purple traps in the mid and lower canopy, but there was no difference between traps hung at 1.5 m. The ratio of male to female adult emerald ash borers was also higher on green than on purple traps at all three heights. C1 [Francese, Joseph A.; Crook, Damon J.; Lance, David R.; Mastro, Victor C.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Otis Lab, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. [Fraser, Ivich; Rietz, Michael L.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Emerald Ash Borer Cooperat Program, Brighton, MI 48116 USA. RP Francese, JA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Otis Lab, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA 02542 USA. EM joe.francese@aphis.usda.gov FU USDA APHIS PPQ EAB FX This research was funded by the USDA APHIS PPQ EAB Cooperative Program. We thank the staff of the USDA APHIS PPQ EAB laboratory (Brighton, Michigan): Nicole Smith, Janna Daimler, John DeLisle, Ariel Andrews, Bethany Boegler, Kelly Donovan, Kevin Donovan, Kyle Gies, Matthew Haack, Derek Lamarand, Stephanie Likens, Kelly Schmiermund, and Joshua War lick for fieldwork assistance. Scott Myers, Alan Sawyer (USDA APHIS PPQ, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts), and Jon Sweeney (Canadian Forest Service, Fredericton, New Brunswick) reviewed an earlier version of the manuscript. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 142 IS 6 BP 596 EP 600 DI 10.4039/n10-041 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 688OI UT WOS:000284860200008 ER PT J AU Dickinson, MB Norris, JC Bova, AS Kremens, RL Young, V Lacki, MJ AF Dickinson, M. B. Norris, J. C. Bova, A. S. Kremens, R. L. Young, V. Lacki, M. J. TI Effects of wildland fire smoke on a tree-roosting bat: integrating a plume model, field measurements, and mammalian dose-response relationships SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SPREADING SURFACE FIRE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SENSORY IRRITATION; PRESCRIBED FIRES; MYOTIS-LUCIFUGUS; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; EPTESICUS-FUSCUS; FLAME PROPERTIES; CROWN FUELS; BROWN BATS AB Faunal injury and mortality in wildland fires is a concern for wildlife and fire management although little work has been done on the mechanisms by which exposures cause their effects. In this paper, we use an integral plume model, field measurements, and models of carbon monoxide and heat effects to explore risk to tree-roosting bats during prescribed fires in mixed-oak forests of southeastern Ohio and eastern Kentucky. Tree-roosting bats are of interest primarily because of the need to mitigate risks for the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis), our focal species. Blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations predicted from carbon monoxide data supplemented by model output only approached critical levels just above flames in the most intense fires. By contrast, an ear-heating model driven by plume model output suggested that injury to the bat's thermally thin ears would occur up to heights similar to those of foliage necrosis, an effect for which predictive relationships exist. Risks of heat injury increase with fireline intensity and decrease with both roost height and ambient wind. Although more information is needed on bat arousal from torpor and behavior during fires, strategies for reducing the risk of heat injury emerge from consideration of the underlying causal processes. C1 [Dickinson, M. B.; Bova, A. S.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. [Norris, J. C.] Norris Consulting Serv, Benton, AR 72015 USA. [Kremens, R. L.] Rochester Inst Technol, Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Young, V.] Ohio Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Stocker Ctr 172, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Lacki, M. J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Forestry, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Dickinson, MB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. EM mbdickinson@fs.fed.us OI Dickinson, Matthew/0000-0003-3635-1219 NR 95 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 40 IS 11 BP 2187 EP 2203 DI 10.1139/X10-148 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 676OL UT WOS:000283921700011 ER PT J AU Nichols, KA AF Nichols, Kristine A. TI Glomalin production and accumulation in soilless pot cultures SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Bradford reactive soil protein; glomalin; hyphal chamber; soilless pot cultures; root chamber AB Nichols, K. A. 2010. Glomalin production and accumulation in soilless pot cultures. Can. J. Soil Sci. 90: 567-570. This study was designed to determine how glomalin production relates to accumulation in three sequential greenhouse culturing periods using a soilless potting medium. The data indicated that this stable glycoprotein was washed out the pot bottom, and did not accumulate in the hyphal chamber. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Nichols, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459,1701 10th Ave SW, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM Kristine.Nichols@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-FG03-99ER20353] FX This study was part of a dissertation submitted by K.A.N. to satisfy requirements for a Doctorate of Philosophy at the University of Maryland. The US Department of Energy, Office of Science (DE-FG03-99ER20353) is acknowledged for partial support of this study. I thank S. F. Wright, L. McKenna and L. Jawson for technical assistance, and S. F. Wright, J. Pikul, Jr., and J. J. Halvorson for comments on the manuscript. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4271 EI 1918-1841 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 90 IS 4 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.4141/CJSS09041 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 699IA UT WOS:000285655900004 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Van Zee, JW Belnap, J Johansen, JR Remmenga, M AF Herrick, J. E. Van Zee, J. W. Belnap, J. Johansen, J. R. Remmenga, M. TI Fine gravel controls hydrologic and erodibility responses to trampling disturbance for coarse-textured soils with weak cyanobacterial crusts SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE Biological soil crusts; Hydrology; Erosion; Land degradation; Recreation; Arid soils ID INTERRILL RUNOFF; ROCK FRAGMENTS; MOJAVE DESERT; SANDY SOILS; EROSION; COVER; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; RANGELANDS; DYNAMICS AB We compared short-term effects of lug-soled boot trampling disturbance on water infiltration and soil erodibility on coarse-textured soils covered by a mixture of fine gravel and coarse sand over weak cyanobacterially-dominated biological soil crusts. Trampling significantly reduced final infiltration rate and total infiltration and increased sediment generation from small (0.5 m(2)) rainfall simulation plots (p<0.01). Trampling had no effect on time to runoff or time to peak runoff. Trampling had similar effects at sites with both low and very low levels of cyanobacterial biomass, as indicated by chlorophyll a concentrations. We concluded that trampling effects are relatively independent of differences in the relatively low levels of cyanobacterial biomass in this environment. Instead, trampling appears to reduce infiltration by significantly reducing the cover of gravel and coarse sand on the soil surface, facilitating the development of a physical crust during rainfall events. The results of this study underscore the importance of carefully characterizing both soil physical and biological properties to understand how disturbance affects ecosystem processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Herrick, J. E.; Van Zee, J. W.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Belnap, J.] USGS SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT 84532 USA. [Johansen, J. R.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. [Remmenga, M.] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Remmenga, M.] USDA APHIS VS, Natl Surveillance Unit, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu; jayne_belnap@usgs.gov; johansen@jcu.edu; marta.d.remmenga@aphis.usda.gov RI Johansen, Jeff/F-5616-2011 FU U.S. Department of Defense Fort Irwin National Training Center FX We thank Ruth Sparks of the Integrated Training Area Management Program at Fort Irwin for assistance with site selection, logistical support, and helpful reviews of an early draft of the manuscript. Michelle Buonopane, Tanya Troxler, Sasha Reed, and Scott Swarthout assisted with data collection. Sue Phillips assisted with project coordination. Keith Crossland reviewed an earlier draft and Angela Muhanga assisted with manuscript preparation. Partial funding was provided by the U.S. Department of Defense Fort Irwin National Training Center. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 83 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.007 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 673SV UT WOS:000283684200003 ER PT J AU Peiris, KHS Pumphrey, MO Dong, Y Maghirang, EB Berzonsky, W Dowell, FE AF Peiris, K. H. S. Pumphrey, M. O. Dong, Y. Maghirang, E. B. Berzonsky, W. Dowell, F. E. TI Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Identification of Fusarium Head Blight Damage and Prediction of Deoxynivalenol in Single Wheat Kernels SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; SPRING WHEAT; MONOSOMIC ANALYSIS; FUNGAL SPREAD; WINTER-WHEAT; RESISTANCE; SCAB; ACCUMULATION; RYE; REFLECTANCE AB Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), or scab, can result in significant crop yield losses and contaminated grain in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Growing less susceptible cultivars is one of the most effective methods for managing FHB and for reducing deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in grain, but breeding programs lack a rapid and objective method for identifying the fungi and toxins. It is important to estimate proportions of sound kernels and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) in grain and to estimate DON levels of FDK to objectively assess the resistance of a cultivar. An automated single kernel near-infrared (SKNIR) spectroscopic method for identification of FDK and for estimating DON levels was evaluated. The SKNIR system classified visually sound and FDK with an accuracy of 98.8 and 99.9%, respectively. The sound fraction had no or very little accumulation of DON. The FDK fraction was sorted into fractions with high or low DON content. The kernels identified as FDK by the SKNIR system had better correlation with other FHB assessment indices such as FHB severity, FHB incidence and kernels/g than visual FDK%. This technique can be successfully employed to nondestructively sort kernels with Fusarium damage and to estimate DON levels of those kernels. Single kernels could be predicted as having low (<60 ppm) or high (>60 ppm) DON with approximate to 96%accuracy. Single kernel DON levels of the high DON kernels could be estimated with R(2) = 0.87 and standard error of prediction (SEP) of 60.8 ppm. Because the method is nondestructive, seeds may be saved for generation advancement. The automated method is rapid (1 kernel/sec) and sorting grains into several fractions depending on DON levels will provide breeders with more information than techniques that deliver average DON levels from bulk seed samples. C1 [Maghirang, E. B.; Dowell, F. E.] ARS, USDA, CGAHR, EWERU, Manhattan, KS USA. [Peiris, K. H. S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Pumphrey, M. O.] ARS, USDA, CGAHR, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS USA. [Dong, Y.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN USA. [Berzonsky, W.] SDSU, Brookings, SD USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CGAHR, EWERU, Manhattan, KS USA. EM Floyd.Dowell@ars.usda.gov FU U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative FX We thank Eugene Milus and Peter Horevaj for providing grain samples that were used for creating FHB calibration. We also thank Dalitso Noble Yabwalo for assisting us with FHB assessment data collection. Financial assistance for this work provided by U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative is gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 16 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-01-10-0006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600002 ER PT J AU Johnson, WB Ratnayake, WS Jackson, DS Lee, KM Herrman, TJ Bean, SR Mason, SC AF Johnson, Weston B. Ratnayake, Wajira S. Jackson, David S. Lee, Kyung-Min Herrman, Timothy J. Bean, Scott R. Mason, Stephen C. TI Factors Affecting the Alkaline Cooking Performance of Selected Corn and Sorghum Hybrids SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NIXTAMALIZATION; MAIZE; HARDNESS; STARCH; MASA; QUALITY; IMPACT; SAMPLE; FLOUR; FOOD AB Dent corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) sample sets representative of commonly grown hybrids and diverse physical attributes were analyzed for alkaline cooking performance. The influence of kernel characteristics including hardness, density, starch properties (thermal, pasting, and crystallinity), starch content, protein content, and prolamin content on alkaline cooking performance was also determined. Corn nixtamal moisture content was lower for hard, dense kernels with high protein contents; sorghum nixtamal moisture content was lower for kernels with low moisture contents and low starch relative crystallinities. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) regression equations showed that corn nixtamal moisture content was influenced by TADD (tangential abrasive dehulling device) index, kernel moisture content, starch content, and protein content; sorghum nixtamal moisture content was influenced by starch relative crystallinity, kernel moisture content, and abrasive hardness index. Pericarp removal was not strongly correlated with kernel characterization tests. Location (environmental) and hybrid (genetic) factors influenced most kernel characteristics and nixtamalization processing variables. C1 [Ratnayake, Wajira S.] Univ Nebraska, Food Proc Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Johnson, Weston B.; Jackson, David S.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Johnson, Weston B.; Jackson, David S.] Univ Nebraska, Div Agr Res, NE Agr Expt Stn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Lee, Kyung-Min; Herrman, Timothy J.] Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Off Texas State Chemist, College Stn, TX 77841 USA. [Bean, Scott R.] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Mason, Stephen C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68593 USA. RP Ratnayake, WS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Food Proc Ctr, 222 Food Ind Complex, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM wratnayake2@unl.edu RI Ratnayake, Wajira/K-3019-2015; OI Ratnayake, Wajira/0000-0001-7353-3252; Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 524 EP 531 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-06-10-0087 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600004 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC Angelikousis, S Vick, B AF Doehlert, Douglas C. Angelikousis, Steven Vick, Brady TI Accumulation of Oxygenated Fatty Acids in Oat Lipids During Storage SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RICE BLAST DISEASE; LINOLEIC-ACID; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REACTION-PRODUCTS; OXIDATION; SEEDS; IDENTIFICATION; SUSPENSIONS; EXTRACTION; RANCIDITY AB Oxygenated fatty acids were identified in oat grain by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We hypothesized that most of these were the results of lipoxygenase activity. This hypothesis was tested by measuring concentrations of these compounds after hydrothermal treatments and storage of oat groats or oat flour for 22 weeks at 37 degrees C and 65% relative humidity. Steam treatments inactivated lipases, whereas roasting at 106 degrees C did not. Free fatty acids accumulated quickly in untreated or roasted flour, but not in steamed flour or groats. A total of six hydroxy and epoxy fatty acids were identified. Oxidized fatty acids were found in both esterified lipids and free fatty acids, indicating that lipase action was not necessary for lipid oxidation. More oxidation products were found in flour than in groats, and less were found in the steamed treatments. Lipoperoxygenase appeared to be involved in the formation of oxidation products, although nonenzymatic mechanisms may also operate. Hydroxy-fatty acids are associated with strongly bitter flavors and are undesirable. Results indicate the importance of enzyme inactivation before storage of processed oat products. C1 [Doehlert, Douglas C.] N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Angelikousis, Steven] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Vick, Brady] USDA ARS, No Crops Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall,Dept 7650,PO 6050, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM douglas.doehlert@ndsu.edu NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 23 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 EI 1943-3638 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 532 EP 537 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-05-10-0074 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600005 ER PT J AU Jonnala, RS MacRitchie, F Herald, TJ Lafiandra, D Margiotta, B Tilley, M AF Jonnala, Ramakanth S. MacRitchie, Finlay Herald, Thomas J. Lafiandra, Domenico Margiotta, Benedetta Tilley, Michael TI Protein and Quality Characterization of Triticale Translocation Lines in Breadmaking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; HEXAPLOID TRITICALE; WHEAT-FLOUR; STORAGE PROTEINS; GLU-D1 GENE; RYE; CHROMOSOME-1D; BLENDS AB Introduction of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) from the Glu-D1d locus of wheat into triticale restores the genetic constitution of high molecular weight glutenin loci to that of wheat and subsequently improves the breadmaking quality of triticale. One means of achieving such restoration of the genetic constitution is through the use of translocation lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of translocations 1A.ID and 1R.1D with HMW-GS 5+10 and 2+12 in terms of physical dough tests and baking quality using four different sets of triticale lines, GDS7, Trim, Rhino, and Rigel. In general, significantly lower milling quality (flour yield), very low mixing times with lower loaf volume were typical of all the triticales studied except 1 A. I D 5+10 lines, when compared to hard wheat flour (Pegaso). Among the lines studied, significantly higher loaf volume, mixograph dough development time (MDDT), and maximum resistance to extension (R(max)) were observed with 1A.1D 5+10 lines indicating that translocation of the Glu-D1d allele with HMW-GS 5+10 was beneficial in terms of improving the quality attributes. Although pure triticale flour from these lines did not possess the functional characteristics for good quality bread, the translocation 1A.1D that contains HMW glutenin subunits 5+10 showed significant improvement in quality characteristics, and could reasonably be expected to yield commercially satisfactory bread loaves when combined with bread wheat flour. Significantly higher UPP, R(max), and MDDT values along with a lower gliadin-to-glutenin ratio in 1A.1D 5+10 of GDS7 and Rigel sets indicate that the molecular weight distribution was shifted to higher molecular weights, resulting in greater dough strength associated with 5+10 subunits. C1 [Jonnala, Ramakanth S.; MacRitchie, Finlay] Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Herald, Thomas J.; Tilley, Michael] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Lafiandra, Domenico] Univ Tuscia, Dept Agrobiol & Agrochem, Viterbo, Italy. [Margiotta, Benedetta] CNR, Inst Plant Genet, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RP Jonnala, RS (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jsr369@gmail.com RI MARGIOTTA, BENEDETTA/O-1881-2015 OI MARGIOTTA, BENEDETTA/0000-0002-6644-5737 NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 546 EP 552 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-02-10-0025 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600007 ER PT J AU Caffe-Treml, M Glover, KD Krishnan, PG Hareland, GA AF Caffe-Treml, Melanie Glover, Karl D. Krishnan, Padmanaban G. Hareland, Gary A. TI Variability and Relationships Among Mixolab, Mixograph, and Baking Parameters Based on Multienvironment Spring Wheat Trials SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; QUALITY; FLOURS AB Because of the large number of cultivars that require examination in the development of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, breeding programs use predictive methods to test end use quality. The Mixograph is a widely used predictive test with which end use quality of many genotypes can be assessed in a short time. By comparison. the Mixolab is a relatively new device with additional capability that might be used for the same purpose. Our objective was to document variability of, and relationships among, 20 parameters obtained from Mixolab, Mixograph, and bake tests. Tests were performed on flour from 18 genotypes grown in 20 environments. Both genotype and environment had significant effects on quality parameter values. Several Mixograph and Mixolab parameters were highly significantly correlated, particularly when genotype mean values over environments were considered. Correlations between loaf volume and Mixolab parameters within environments were inconsistent and suggest that average genotype values over environments will be most useful. For example, the correlation between Mixolab stability and loaf volume (r = 0.25, P < 0.001) was much higher when genotype averages (r = 0.70, P < 0.001) were considered. Our results show that selection for Mixolab stability and water absorption should help delineate and improve the selection of genotypes with greater loaf volume. C1 [Caffe-Treml, Melanie; Glover, Karl D.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Krishnan, Padmanaban G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Hlth & Nutr Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hareland, Gary A.] USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58501 USA. RP Caffe-Treml, M (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM melanie.caffe@sdstate.edu FU South Dakota Wheat Commission; South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station FX We would like to thank and acknowledge the efforts of Dale Hanson, Dehdra Puhr, and Jadene Wear (USDA-HRSWQL, Fargo, ND) for contributing to experimental milling and baking evaluations. This project was funded by the South Dakota Wheat Commission and the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 574 EP 580 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-04-10-0068 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600011 ER PT J AU Keierleber, C Rosentrater, KA AF Keierleber, Christine Rosentrater, Kurt A. TI Granular Packing Influences Bulk Density of DDGS SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; POWDER FLOWABILITY; FLOW PROPERTIES; SOLUBLES DDGS; FOOD POWDERS; COMPACTION AB As the quantity of ethanol produced continues to increase, the amount of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), the primary coproduct of ethanol manufacturing, has become more widely available. Currently, the main consumer of DDGS is the livestock industry, but new value-added uses are garnering interest. With the increase in the availability of, and demand for DDGS, transportation has become an important issue because DDGS must be shipped increasingly long distances using railways. Rail transportation is expensive, especially considering the quantities of DDGS that can be loaded onto unit trains. DDGS often has low bulk density and poor flowability characteristics. This study examined compression effects on particle arrangements as quantified by bulk density and compressibility of the DDGS. Mean loose bulk density was 446.18 kg/m(3). A linear relationship (R(2) = 0.982 for 50 N applied force and R(2) = 0.959 for 1 kN applied force) was observed between the applied stress (approximate to 0.0-0.0065 and approximate to 0.0-0.13 MPa, respectively) and the resulting packed bulk density (<= 470.21 and <= 555.03 kg/m(3), respectively). Compressive stress increased curvilinearly (R(2) = 0.994 for the 50 N load and R(2) = 0.997 for the 1 kN load) as the applied strain increased (approximate to 0-0.007% and 0.0-24.0%, respectively). As the loading increased, compressibility increased 5.11-19.22%. Bulk restitution after loading was removed was 0.53-0.61. Required storage volume is reduced when the bulk density is increased. But flowability characteristics should improve as the compressibility, and thus the bulk density, of the product is reduced. C1 [Keierleber, Christine; Rosentrater, Kurt A.] USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Rosentrater, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Agr Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. EM kurt.rosentrater@ars.usda.gov OI Rosentrater, Kurt/0000-0003-0131-7037 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 586 EP 596 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-04-10-0055 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600013 ER PT J AU Rose, DJ Kim, S Inglett, GE AF Rose, Devin J. Kim, Sanghoon Inglett, George E. TI Influence of Jet Cooking and pH on Extraction and Molecular Weight of beta-Glucan and Arabinoxylan from Barley (Hordeum vulgare Prowashonupana) SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HULL-LESS BARLEY; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; DIETARY FIBER; METABOLIC-CONTROL; BREAD-MAKING; CEREAL; WHEAT; FLOUR; FOOD; OAT AB Food processing conditions may affect the extractability and molecular weight of beta-glucans and arabinoxylans in cereal products. This can dramatically affect the functional and physiological properties of the final products. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the effects of jet cooking on the content, extractability, and molecular weights of these polymers in barley flour from a high beta-glucan, waxy barley genotype, Prowashonupana. Barley flours were jet cooked without pH adjustment or after adjusting to pH 7, 9, or 11. Jet cooking without pH adjustment increased the extractability of beta-glucans from 15.4 to 38.0% when extracted with water at 30 degrees C. As pH during jet cooking increased, the extractability further increased to 63.5% at pH 11. Arabinoxylan extractability was only substantially affected when the pH of jet cooking was alkaline (extractability increased from 11.4 to 48.5% when jet cooked at pH 11). Jet cooking without pH adjustment resulted in slight increases in peak molecular weights for both polymers (beta-glucan increased from 420,000 to 443,000; arabinoxylan increased from 119,000 to 125,000); higher pH values during jet cooking resulted in minor decrease in molecular weights. C1 [Inglett, George E.] ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Rose, Devin J.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Kim, Sanghoon] ARS, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Inglett, GE (reprint author), ARS, Funct Foods Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM George.Inglett@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 11 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 87 IS 6 BP 607 EP 611 DI 10.1094/CCHEM-04-10-0059 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 694VR UT WOS:000285327600015 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Millar, S AF Delwiche, Stephen R. Millar, Samuel TI A New AACC International Approved Method for Assessment of a Calibration from a Near Infrared Spectrometer SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 [Delwiche, Stephen R.] USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. EM stephen.delwiche@ars.usda.gov; s.millar@camp-den.co.uk NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 293 EP 296 DI 10.1094/CFW-55-6-0293 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 695VR UT WOS:000285401200006 ER PT J AU Bair, EH Birkeland, KW Dozier, J AF Bair, Edward H. Birkeland, Karl W. Dozier, Jeff TI In situ and photographic measurements of avalanche crown transects SO COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Snow Science Workshop CY SEP 27-OCT 02, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND SP WSL Inst Snow & Avalanche Res, Wissensstadt Davos DE Avalanche; Snow; Power law; Gaussian process ID SNOW SLAB AVALANCHES; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; EMPIRICAL-MODELS; SHEAR-STRENGTH; STABILITY; REFINEMENTS; FORECAST; CRYSTALS; TERRAIN; LAYERS AB Despite its fundamental importance, crown depth is often treated as a scalar rather than a distributed variable in avalanche run-out and fracture models. To date, no studies have examined the distribution of depth across crown transects. We present results on geometry, depth distribution, and spatial correlation for transects along the crowns of small to large avalanches. Crown heights are fit well by normal or Weibull distributions and are spatially correlated. Transects are thinnest and decreasing toward the flanks, perhaps associated with fracture arrest. Underlying and adjacent terrain seems to have little influence on our transects. Instead, wind transported snow and upwind features play a dominant role. We suggest deposition of new snow by wind is a Gaussian process that drives transect shape. Comparing strength distributions and coefficients of variation from previous crown face studies, we suggest differences in overburden drive distributions of strength measured across crown faces. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bair, Edward H.; Dozier, Jeff] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Birkeland, Karl W.] US Forest Serv, Natl Avalanche Ctr, USDA, Bozeman, MT USA. RP Bair, EH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM nbair@bren.ucsb.edu; kbirkeland@fsied.us.gov; dozier@bren.ucsb.edu RI Dozier, Jeff/B-7364-2009 OI Dozier, Jeff/0000-0001-8542-431X NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-232X J9 COLD REG SCI TECHNOL JI Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 64 IS 2 SI SI BP 174 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.08.004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 681TA UT WOS:000284340800013 ER PT J AU Cleveland, BM Evenhuis, JP AF Cleveland, Beth M. Evenhuis, Jason P. TI Molecular characterization of atrogin-1/F-box protein-32 (FBXO32) and F-box protein-25 (FBXO25) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atrogin-1; Atrophy; Starvation; Ubiquitin ligase; Salmonid; Protein degradation; Fish ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE ATROPHY; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PROTEASOME-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASES; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; GADUS-MORHUA; WHITE MUSCLE; ATLANTIC COD; NUTRITIONAL RESTRICTION AB The characteristic increase in protein catabolism during muscle atrophy is largely the result of an increase in E3 ubiquitin ligase expression, specifically that of atrogin-1, or FBXO32, which functions to polyubiquitinate proteins. In rainbow trout, the cDNA sequences of two E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box proteins, FBXO32 and FBXO25, were characterized and their expression across tissues in response to feed deprivation was determined. The cDNA sequence for FBXO32 encodes a protein 355 amino acids long and is 97% identical to the homologous protein in salmon, 85% to zebrafish and 72% identical to both human and mouse. The cDNA for FBXO25 encodes a protein 356 amino acids in length that is 98% identical to the homologous protein in salmon, 84% to zebrafish, and 75% to human. After 28 days of feed deprivation. FBXO32 expression increased by approximately 13-fold, 3-fold, and 5-fold in white muscle, red muscle, and intestine, respectively (P<0.05). Expression of FBXO32 and FBXO25 in kidney decreased 0.3-fold and 0.2-fold, respectively, and FBXO25 expression decreased by 0.2-fold in liver (P<0.05). These results indicate that these protein sequences are conserved and suggest that the up-regulation of FBXO32 is associated with skeletal and smooth muscle atrophy that occurs during fasting. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Cleveland, Beth M.; Evenhuis, Jason P.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Cleveland, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM beth.cleveland@ars.usda.gov NR 65 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 157 IS 3 BP 248 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.06.010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 657AS UT WOS:000282383800003 PM 20601059 ER PT J AU Willis, JD Klingeman, WE Opper, C Oppert, B Jurat-Fuentes, JL AF Willis, Jonathan D. Klingeman, William E. Opper, Cris Oppert, Brenda Jurat-Fuentes, Juan L. TI Characterization of cellulolytic activity from digestive fluids of Dissosteira carolina (Orthoptera: Acrididae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulase; Grasshopper; Orthoptera; Endoglucanase; Acrididae; Digestive fluid ID ABRACRIS-FLAVOLINEATA ORTHOPTERA; TERMITE RETICULITERMES-FLAVIPES; CELLULASE GENE-EXPRESSION; COPTOTERMES-FORMOSANUS; GRASSHOPPER; INSECTS; TRACT; GUT; ARTHROPODS; QUALITY AB Previous screening of head-derived and gut fluid extracts of Carolina grasshoppers, Dissosteira carolina (L) revealed relatively high activity against cellulase substrates when compared to other insect groups. In this work we report on the characterization and identification of enzymes involved in cellulolytic activity in digestive fluids of D. carolina. In zymograms using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as substrate, we detected four distinct cellulolytic protein bands in D. carolina gut fluids, common to all developmental stages. These cellulolytic enzymes were localized to foregut and midgut regions of the D. carolina digestive tract. Cellulases were purified from D. carolina head and gut fluid extracts by liquid chromatography to obtain N-terminal amino acid sequence tags. Database searches with sequence tags from head fluids indicated high similarity with invertebrate, bacterial and plant beta 1,4-endoglucanases, while no homologues were identified for the gut-derived protein. Our data demonstrate the presence of cellulolytic activity in the digestive system of D. carolina and suggest that cellulases of endogenous origin are present in this organism. Considering that this grasshopper species is a pest of grasses, including switchgrass that has been suggested bioethanol feedstock, characterization of insect cellulolytic systems may aid in developing applications for plant biomass biodegradation for biofuel production. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Willis, Jonathan D.; Opper, Cris; Jurat-Fuentes, Juan L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Klingeman, William E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oppert, Brenda] USDA ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Jurat-Fuentes, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jurat@utk.edu OI Jurat-Fuentes, Juan Luis/0000-0002-8945-1814 FU Southeastern Sun Grant Center FX We would like to thank Park Manager Ed Yost and the staff at Ijams Nature Center for their permission to collect from the D. carolina populations at the Mead's Quarry site. This research was supported by a grant from the Southeastern Sun Grant Center to JLJF and BO. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 157 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.06.012 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 657AS UT WOS:000282383800005 PM 20601057 ER PT J AU Clemons, C AF Clemons, Craig TI Elastomer modified polypropylene-polyethylene blends as matrices for wood flour-plastic composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE Thermoplastic resin; Wood; Recycling; Mechanical properties ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RECYCLED PLASTICS; PP; COMPATIBILIZATION; MORPHOLOGIES; POLYMERS; SAWDUST; WASTE; HDPE AB Blends of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) could potentially be used as matrices for wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The mechanical performance and morphology of both the unfilled blends and wood-filled composites with various elastomers and coupling agents were investigated. Blending of the plastics resulted in either small domains of the minor phase in a matrix of major phase or a co-continuous morphology if equal amounts of HDPE and PP were added. The tensile moduli and yield properties of the blends were clearly proportional to the relative amounts of HDPE and PP in the blends. However, the nominal strain at break and the notched Izod impact energies of HDPE were greatly reduced by adding as little as 25% of the PP. Adding an ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) elastomer to the blends, reduced moduli and strength but increased elongational properties and impact energies, especially in HDPE-rich blends. Adding wood flour to the blends stiffened but embrittled them, especially the tougher. HDPE-rich blends, though the reductions in performance could be offset somewhat by adding elastomers and coupling agents or a combination of both. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Clemons, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM cclemons@fs.fed.us FU US Department of Agriculture, through Louisiana State University Agricultural Center [68-3A75-6-508] FX The author would like to acknowledge American Wood Fibers, Chemtura Corporation, and Eastman Chemical for supplying the wood flour, MA-EPDM elastomer, and MAPP, respectively. The authors also thank the following FPL employees for their contribution: Tom Kuster for the microscopy and Mike Kaland for help with composite preparation and the impact testing. The flexural and tensile tests were performed by the Engineering Mechanics Lab at FPL. This publication was made possible in part through the support provided by the US Department of Agriculture, through Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, under the terms of Grant Agreement No. 68-3A75-6-508. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the US Department of Agriculture or Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X EI 1878-5840 J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1559 EP 1569 DI 10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.07.002 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 668PN UT WOS:000283282100001 ER PT J AU Ruiz-Altisent, M Ruiz-Garcia, L Moreda, GP Lu, RF Hernandez-Sanchez, N Correa, EC Diezma, B Nicolai, B Garcia-Ramos, J AF Ruiz-Altisent, M. Ruiz-Garcia, L. Moreda, G. P. Lu, Renfu Hernandez-Sanchez, N. Correa, E. C. Diezma, B. Nicolai, B. Garcia-Ramos, J. TI Sensors for product characterization and quality of specialty crops-A review SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Review DE Non-invasive; Vision; Spectroscopy; Near-infrared; Optical; Magnetic resonance ID SOLUBLE SOLIDS CONTENT; STEM-END/CALYX IDENTIFICATION; X-RAY CT; RESOLVED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SENSOR; ELECTRONIC NOSE TECHNIQUE; MACHINE VISION SYSTEM; SPIN RELAXATION-TIME; OF-THE-ART; FOOD QUALITY AB This review covers developments in non-invasive techniques for quality analysis and inspection of specialty crops, mainly fresh fruits and vegetables, over the past decade up to the year 2010. Presented and discussed in this review are advanced sensing technologies including computer vision, spectroscopy, X-rays, magnetic resonance, mechanical contact, chemical sensing, wireless sensor networks and radio-frequency identification sensors. The current status of different sensing systems is described in the context of commercial application. The review also discusses future research needs and potentials of these sensing technologies. Emphases are placed on those technologies that have been proven effective or have shown great potential for agro-food applications. Despite significant progress in the development of non-invasive techniques for quality assessment of fruits and vegetables, the pace for adoption of these technologies by the specialty crop industry has been slow. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ruiz-Altisent, M.; Ruiz-Garcia, L.; Moreda, G. P.; Hernandez-Sanchez, N.; Correa, E. C.; Diezma, B.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Lab Propiedades Fis & Tecnol Avanzadas Agroalimen, ETSI Agronomos, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Lu, Renfu] Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Nicolai, B.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Flanders Ctr Postharvest Technol BIOSYST MeBioS, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Garcia-Ramos, J.] Univ Zaragoza, Agr & Agr Econ Dept, Huesca 22071, Spain. RP Ruiz-Altisent, M (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Lab Propiedades Fis & Tecnol Avanzadas Agroalimen, ETSI Agronomos, Edificio Motores,Avda Complutense S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM margarita.ruiz.altisent@upm.es RI Diezma Iglesias, Belen /P-8624-2014; nicolai, bart/L-6129-2013; Correa, Eva /F-8794-2016; Hernandez, Natalia/F-9666-2016; Moreda, Guillermo/F-9788-2016; ruiz-altisent, margarita/G-1277-2016 OI Diezma Iglesias, Belen /0000-0001-6882-2842; nicolai, bart/0000-0001-5267-1920; Correa, Eva /0000-0002-4508-5066; Hernandez, Natalia/0000-0001-5710-2567; Moreda, Guillermo/0000-0001-9155-7725; ruiz-altisent, margarita/0000-0002-6350-0315 NR 240 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 176 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.07.002 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 685WO UT WOS:000284659000001 ER PT J AU McKinion, JM Willers, JL Jenkins, JN AF McKinion, J. M. Willers, J. L. Jenkins, J. N. TI Comparing high density LIDAR and medium resolution GPS generated elevation data for predicting yield stability SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Geographic information systems; Global positioning system; Light detection and ranging; Precision agriculture; Yield monitor; Digital elevation map; Spatial analysis; Cluster analysis; Terrain features ID LANDSCAPE POSITION; PRODUCTIVITY; EROSION; SOILS AB High density light detection and ranging (LIDAR) imaging has been shown to be able to define yield stability areas of a field for multi-cropping. Since LIDAR imaging is expensive and not widely available, it was hypothesized that medium resolution GPS elevation data which is commonly collected with variable rate technology (VRT) controllers and crop yield monitors could be used in lieu of LIDAR imaging. If proven, growers would be able to construct yield stability maps of their fields without the expense of obtaining LIDAR imaging. After substituting medium resolution GPS elevation data derived from the crop yield monitors, the procedure developed for developing a crop yield stability map was invoked and tested. The hypothesis that medium resolution GPS data could be used in lieu of LIDAR data was found to be invalid as the map generated incorrectly identified both high yield and medium yield areas of the field as low yielding areas as well as the inverse. While disappointing, high resolution GPS data from real-time kinetics (RTK) systems is yet to be tested and may offer an additional avenue to developing crop yield stability maps. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McKinion, J. M.; Willers, J. L.; Jenkins, J. N.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McKinion, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM james.mckinion@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 2 BP 244 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.compag.2010.08.011 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 685WO UT WOS:000284659000007 ER PT J AU Yang, XB Zhang, YM Hua, L Peng, LN Munyaneza, JE Trumble, JT Liu, TX AF Yang, X. -B. Zhang, Y. -M. Hua, L. Peng, L. -N. Munyaneza, J. E. Trumble, J. T. Liu, T. -X. TI Repellency of selected biorational insecticides to potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Bactericera cockerelli; Biorational pesticides; Botanical insecticides; Essential oils; Mineral oil; Repellency ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE; WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; NYMPHS HOMOPTERA; NEEM TREE; ALEYRODIDAE; TOMATO; OILS AB Bactericera cockerelli has recently become a major concern because of its direct feeding and vectoring of bacterial diseases in many solanaceous crops. The repellency of four biorational insecticides, MOI-201 (a Chinese medicine plant extract), Requiem (a plant extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides), BugOil (a mixture of four plant essential oils), and SunSpray oil (a mineral oil), to B. cockerelli adults was tested on tomato. In a no-choice test, all the insecticides had significant repellency to adults and deterred oviposition as compared with untreated controls. Of the four insecticides, the two oils showed a stronger repellency to adults and deterred oviposition more strongly than Requiem or MOI-201. In a choice test, all insecticides had significant repellency to adults and deterred oviposition compared to untreated controls. Of the four tested insecticides, < 1 adults and no eggs were found on the leaves treated with SunSpray Oil, BugOil or Requiem 3 d after treatment. The repellency rates of these three insecticides were 77.2-95.4%. MOI-201 also repelled adults significantly and deterred oviposition compared to untreated controls even though it was the least effective insecticide among the four evaluated. In conclusion, all four insecticides tested showed significant repellency to B. cockerelli adults and deterred oviposition, especially the two oils. The overall repellency to potato psyllid adults can be arranged in a descending order of SunSpray oil > BugOil > Requiem > MOI-201. These insecticides could be used in integrated pest management programs targeted against the potato psyllid on solanaceous crops. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, X. -B.; Zhang, Y. -M.; Peng, L. -N.; Liu, T. -X.] Texas A&M Univ Syst, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Yang, X. -B.; Zhang, Y. -M.; Hua, L.; Liu, T. -X.] NW A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Key Lab Appl Entomol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Munyaneza, J. E.] USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. [Trumble, J. T.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Liu, TX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ Syst, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM tongxianliu@yahoo.com FU Texas Department of Agriculture; Texas AgriLife Research; USDA-ARS FX We sincerely thank J. Martinez for technical assistance. We thank Prof. J. V. Cross (East Mailing Research, Kent, UK) for his constructive advice on data analysis. We also wish to thank Texas Department of Agriculture, Texas AgriLife Research, and USDA-ARS State Cooperative Potato Research Program for financial supports of this research. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1320 EP 1324 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.06.013 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659IO UT WOS:000282560400014 ER PT J AU Hall, DG Setamou, M Mizell, RF AF Hall, David G. Setamou, Mamoudou Mizell, Russell F., II TI A comparison of sticky traps for monitoring Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Huanglongbing; Citrus greening; Sampling; Pest detection ID HEMIPTERA PSYLLIDAE; HOST PLANTS; FLORIDA; ABUNDANCE; HOMOPTERA; DISEASE; SHOOTS; GROVES AB Six types of sticky card traps differing in color and trapping adhesive were evaluated for monitoring Asian citrus psyllid in citrus in the United States (Florida and Texas). We coded the six traps as ASYellow, GLYellow, RWYellow, ASACP, ASGreen and MGGreen. The ASYellow, GLYellow and RWYellow traps were a bright yellow color to the human eye but the yellow color of these traps varied in intensity. To the human eye, the ASACP traps were a lime-green color, the MGGreen trap was a fluorescent yellow-green color, and the ASGreen trap was a green color. Spectral reflectance measurements were taken to categorize the color (wavelength) spectrum of each trap. Percent reflectance in the green and yellow wavelength regions was similar among the ASYellow, GLYellow, RWYellow and ASACP traps. Three of the six sticky traps (GLYellow, RWYellow and MGGreen) were treated with a traditional gluey adhesive material. The other three traps were treated with No Mess Sticky Card (TM) adhesive, a hot-melted, pressure-sensitive adhesive material. Trapping studies were conducted in Florida and Texas during April May comparing four of the traps and during September October comparing all six traps. Data collected during April-May indicated there were no significant differences in numbers of adults captured on ASGreen, ASYellow, ASACP and GLYellow traps. In seven comparisons of all six traps during September- October, the GLYellow and RWYellow traps each captured significantly fewer adults in one comparison, the MGGreen trap captured fewer adults in two comparisons, and the ASGreen trap captured fewer in three comparisons. There was no evidence that any one of the six traps would be best at detecting psyllids when adult populations are scarce. There was no significant difference between the two adhesive materials with respect to numbers of adults captured on traps. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hall, David G.] ARS, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Setamou, Mamoudou] Texas A&M Univ, Kingsville Citrus Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. [Mizell, Russell F., II] Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Serv, Quincy, FL 32351 USA. RP Hall, DG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM david.hall@ars.usda.gov; msetamou@ag.tamu.edu; rfmizell@ufl.edu NR 22 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1341 EP 1346 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.06.003 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659IO UT WOS:000282560400017 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Castle, SJ AF Naranjo, Steven E. Castle, Steven J. TI Sequential sampling plans for estimating density of glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on citrus SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Homalodisca vitripennis; Sequential sampling plans; Fixed precision; Citrus; Resampling validation ID BEMISIA-TABACI; PHONY PEACH; XYLELLA-FASTIDIOSA; HOMOPTERA; DISEASE; AGGREGATION; CALIFORNIA; DYNAMICS; VECTORS AB The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), is a serious pest of grapes and other crop and ornamental plants mainly through its role as a vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells. Citrus harbors large populations of this insect throughout much of the year in areas where the pest is problematic and improved understanding of the population dynamics and management of H. vitripennis on citrus may be key to its management in the broader agricultural landscape. In turn, the study of population dynamics and the development of management strategies require effective and efficient sampling methods. Within-tree sampling distribution studies revealed that adults and nymphs were more abundant and less variable in the upper strata of citrus trees (> 1.5 m). They occurred in greater numbers on the southern quadrants of trees but relative variability did not differ due to cardinal direction. We developed and validated several fixed-precision sequential sampling plans for estimating the density of nymphs and adults of H. vitripennis using a pole bucket sampling method. Based on validation from resampling of independent data sets, Green's sequential sampling model, based on the Taylor's power law, provided the best overall performance in terms of providing mean density estimates with levels of precision equal to or better than the desired precision over a range of possible insect densities. Average sampling costs varied from about 21 to 189 min for a desired precision of 0.25 depending on insect density and whether the goal is to sample nymphs, adults or both stages combined. Further, the sampling plans developed on orange trees were robust, being equally effective on orange and lemon trees and on trees treated or not with insecticides. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Naranjo, Steven E.; Castle, Steven J.] USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, 21881 N Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85138 USA. EM steve.naranjo@ars.usda.gov FU University of California, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources FX We thank Paul Merten, Maria Renteria, Rebecca Burke, Kim Beimfohr, Doug Diaz and Vince Lyons for technical assistance, and Eric Hoffmann for comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. This project was supported by the University of California, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources Pierce's Disease Program. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1363 EP 1370 DI 10.1016/j.cropro.2010.07.003 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659IO UT WOS:000282560400020 ER PT J AU Maxwell, JJ Lyerly, JH Srnic, G Parks, R Cowger, C Marshall, D Brown-Guedira, G Murphy, JP AF Maxwell, J. J. Lyerly, J. H. Srnic, G. Parks, R. Cowger, C. Marshall, D. Brown-Guedira, G. Murphy, J. P. TI MlAB10: A Triticum turgidum Subsp dicoccoides Derived Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Identified in Common Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT; WILD EMMER; AESTIVUM L.; NORTH-CAROLINA; BREAD WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; GERMPLASM LINES; DURUM-WHEAT; LEAF RUST; MARKERS AB Powdery mildew is an economically important disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). NC97BGTAB10 contains powdery mildew resistance introgressed from wild emmer wheat (T turgidum subsp. dicoccoides). The objectives of this research were to genetically characterize the powdery mildew resistance in NC97BGTAB10, identify SSR markers closely linked to the resistance gene, and provide evidence that the gene is novel. One hundred thirty nine F-2:3 lines from the cross NC97BGTAB10/Saluda were evaluated in the field and greenhouse for reaction to powdery mildew. Resistance was controlled by a single gene. Bulked segregant analysis identified a polymorphism between the resistant and susceptible bulks on chromosome 2BL. The population was genotyped with SSR markers that were specific to chromosome 2B and a linkage map was developed. The SSR marker Xwmc445 mapped 7 cM proximal to the resistance gene and no marker could be mapped distal to the gene. It was concluded that the resistance gene lies in the distal tip of chromosome 2BL. The powdery mildew resistance genes Pm33 and MlZec1 have also been mapped to the region. A detached leaf test with two powdery mildew isolates indicated the resistance gene in NC97BGTAB10 was different from MlZec1. No allelism test could be conducted to determine the relationships between the resistance genes in NC97BGTAB10, Pm33 or MlZec1 at this time. Thus, the resistance gene in NC97BGTAB10 was given the temporary designation MIAB10. C1 [Lyerly, J. H.; Murphy, J. P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Maxwell, J. J.] LDB Independence, Independence, IA 50644 USA. [Srnic, G.] Pioneer Hybrid Int Inc, Pessina Cremonese, CR, Italy. [Cowger, C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Brown-Guedira, G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS Plant Sci Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM paul_murphy@ncsu.edu NR 48 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2261 EP 2267 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0195 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000006 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Anderson, JA Flor, JM AF Kolmer, J. A. Anderson, J. A. Flor, J. M. TI Chromosome Location, Linkage with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers, and Leaf Rust Resistance Conditioned by Gene Lr63 in Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-MONOCOCCUM; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; PUCCINIA-TRITICINA; HEXAPLOID WHEAT; UNITED-STATES; COMMON WHEAT AB RL6137, a 'Thatcher' backcross line of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has resistance to Puccinia triticina (causal agent of wheat leaf rust) derived from T monococcum. To determine the chromosome location of this resistance, RL6137 was crossed with Thatcher and F(2) individual seedlings were tested for segregation of leaf rust resistance and segregation of polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Leaf rust resistance genotypes of F(2) individuals were confirmed with segregation of F(3) families. The F(2) seedlings and F(3) families segregated for a single leaf rust resistance gene. The SSR markers barc 57 and barc 321 located on chromosome 3AS were tightly linked with the leaf rust resistance gene. The leaf rust resistance gene in RL6137 was designated as Lr63. This gene conditions low to intermediate infection types to most P. triticina isolates and can be used in wheat improvement programs to enhance leaf rust resistance. C1 [Kolmer, J. A.] USDA ARS Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Anderson, J. A.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Flor, J. M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jim.kolmer@usda.ars.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2392 EP 2395 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.01.0005 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000021 ER PT J AU Yan, WG Agrama, H Jia, M Fjelistrom, R McClung, A AF Yan, WenGui Agrama, Hesham Jia, Melissa Fjelistrom, Robert McClung, Anna TI Geographic Description of Genetic Diversity and Relationships in the USDA Rice World Collection SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CORE SUBSET; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; COUNTING ALLELES; RAPD MARKERS; POPULATIONS; LANDRACES; CULTIVARS; WHEAT AB Knowledge of genetic diversity and relationships among global germplasms of rice collected by the USDA since 1866 is critical for utilization, conservation, and management of the collection. A core subset developed from this collection, including 1794 accessions obtained from 112 countries in 14 geographic regions, was genotyped with one indel and 71 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Total alleles were 1005, averaging 14 alleles per locus. A great majority of genetic variance was due to within instead of among geographic regions and within instead of among countries. The regions and countries were highly and significantly differentiated using these markers. Germplasm accessions obtained from the southern Asia, Southeast Asia, and Africa were highly diversified, while those from North America and western and eastern Europe had the lowest diversity. Different measurements of genetic diversity, including average number of alleles per locus, polymorphism information content (PIC), Nei index, and average number of private alleles per locus uniformly reached this conclusion. Three main clusters were revealed by both analyses of principal coordinates and Nei genetic similarities for the 14 regions. Seventy-eight countries, from which five or more accessions were collected in the core subset, were differentiated into five main clusters. Germplasm accessions obtained from Myanmar, Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Nepal were highly diversified, while those from France, Spain, Romania, Italy, and the United States were poorly diversified. This study proves that the USDA global collection effectively supports the U.S. rice industry with vast genetic diversity responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses. C1 [Yan, WenGui; Jia, Melissa; Fjelistrom, Robert; McClung, Anna] USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. [Agrama, Hesham] Univ Arkansas, Rice Res & Extens Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Yan, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, 2890 Hwy 130 E, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. EM Wengui.Yan@ars.usda.gov NR 67 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2406 EP 2417 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0096 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000023 ER PT J AU Richards, CM Lockwood, DR Volk, GM Walters, C AF Richards, Christopher M. Lockwood, Dale R. Volk, Gayle M. Walters, Christina TI Modeling Demographics and Genetic Diversity in Ex Situ Collections during Seed Storage and Regeneration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; CONSERVATION; GERMPLASM; BANKS; LONGEVITY; INTEGRITY; KINETICS; GENEBANK; WILD; MAINTENANCE AB Gene banks have a critical role in preserving genetic diversity for many conservation uses. A key challenge in this task is maintaining both the genetic integrity and the viability of a collection during regeneration and long-term storage. In this study we examine the interacting effects of sampling and viability decline from seed aging on genetic diversity. To do this, we developed a model that simulates sampling during regeneration of individual genotypes using two commonly used but contrasting regeneration protocols. Critically, the model simulates a realistic nonlinear decline in viability across time, and the combined effects of sampling and mortality were evaluated for their effect on allelic diversity. In addition, the model was used to contrast the kinetics of allelic richness among rounds of regeneration in accessions with different heterozygosity levels (e.g., cultivars vs. wild) and different breeding systems (outcrossing vs. inbred). Results underscore a significant interaction between regeneration timing and regeneration size. Regeneration procedures should consider viability kinetics and intra-accession diversity to best manage genetic erosion. These changes highlight the trade-off faced by curators between the logistics of increasing regeneration sampling size and improving the technical procedures for seed storage and monitoring. C1 [Richards, Christopher M.; Volk, Gayle M.; Walters, Christina] USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Lockwood, Dale R.] Colorado State Univ, Dep Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Richards, CM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Chris.Richards@ars.usda.gov RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 FU National Science Foundation [DGE-0221595] FX The research of D.R.L. was partially supported by the National Science Foundation through grant DGE-0221595. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The authors would like to thank Patrick Reeves and Gary Pederson for providing manuscript reviews before submission. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2440 EP 2447 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0236 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000026 ER PT J AU Zhang, WJ Olson, E Saintenac, C Rouse, M Abate, Z Jin, Y Akhunov, E Pumphrey, M Dubcovsky, J AF Zhang, Wenjun Olson, Eric Saintenac, Cyrille Rouse, Matt Abate, Zewdie Jin, Yue Akhunov, Eduard Pumphrey, Mike Dubcovsky, Jorge TI Genetic Maps of Stem Rust Resistance Gene Sr35 in Diploid and Hexaploid Wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP TRITICI; RACE TTKS; PH1 LOCUS; US WHEAT; MONOCOCCUM; VIRULENCE; PLANT; RECOGNITION; CHROMOSOMES; SR24 AB Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is the causal agent of stem rust of wheat. A new race designated TTKSK (also known as Ug99) and its variants (TTKST and TTTSK) are virulent to most of the stem rust resistance genes currently deployed in wheat cultivars worldwide. Therefore, identification, mapping, and deployment of effective resistance genes are critical components of global efforts to mitigate this threat. Multipathotype seedling tests demonstrated that resistance gene Sr35 is effective against the three TTKS variants and another broadly virulent race from Yemen, TRTTF. Two genetic maps of Sr35 are presented in diploid (Triticum monococcum) and two in hexaploid wheat (T aestivum). The Sr35 resistance to TRTTF and RKQQC races was mapped in diploid wheat within a 2.2 to 3.1 cM interval on the long arm of chromosome 3A(m) between markers XBF483299 and XCJ656351. This interval corresponds to a 174-kb region in Brachypodium that includes 16 annotated genes. The Sr35 map location was confirmed in two backcross-derived hexaploid populations segregating for Sr35. Recombination between diploid and hexaploid chromosomes was 10-fold lower than between homologous chromosomes, but was sufficient to reduce the introgressed diploid segment. These maps provide markers closely linked to Sr35 that will be useful to accelerate its deployment and pyramiding with other stem rust resistance genes. C1 [Zhang, Wenjun; Abate, Zewdie; Dubcovsky, Jorge] Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Olson, Eric; Saintenac, Cyrille; Akhunov, Eduard] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Rouse, Matt; Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, Dep Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Jin, Yue] Univ Minnesota, Cereal Dis Lab, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Pumphrey, Mike] Washington State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Dubcovsky, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dep Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu RI Rouse, Matthew/G-5474-2011; Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 FU Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI), Cornell University; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2008-35318-18654] FX This project was supported in part by the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat (DRRW) Project, Cornell University, and in part by the NRI-Competitive Grant no. 2008-35318-18654 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The authors thank Dr. Bikram Gill for providing the seeds of chromosome 3A deletion lines. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2464 EP 2474 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.04.0202 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000029 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS Wang, SY Vinyard, BT AF Lewers, K. S. Wang, S. Y. Vinyard, B. T. TI Evaluation of Blackberry Cultivars and Breeding Selections for Fruit Quality Traits and Flowering and Fruiting Dates SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION; HYBRIDBERRY CULTIVARS; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; ANTHOCYANINS; PHENOLICS; CAPACITY; MATURITY; RUBUS AB Consumer interest in blackberry (Rubus spp.) has increased, in part, due to reputed health-conferring qualities. Reports of blackberry antioxidant capacity have used limited numbers of genotypes, so the objective of this research was to characterize a relatively large number of diverse blackberry cultivars and breeding selections from multiple breeding programs for important fruit quality traits, key flavor components, and season traits to better define ranges for and correlations between these traits. A collection of 113 blackberry genotypes was evaluated for fruit antioxidant capacity as measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, percentage of soluble solids, titratable acids, flowering dates, and fruiting dates. A wide range was observed for all traits: threefold variation in antioxidants, twofold range in percentage soluble solids and titratable acids, over 50-d difference for start of flowering and fruiting, and a 30-d difference in fruit development periods. Interestingly, the date of first flower was correlated with most other traits: late-flowering genotypes tended to be higher in antioxidant capacity and higher in percentage of soluble solids. C1 [Lewers, K. S.; Wang, S. Y.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vinyard, B. T.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lewers, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Genet Improvement Fruits & Vegetables Lab, Bldg 010A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kim.lewers@ars.usda.gov FU North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association FX The authors wish to thank The North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association (formerly The North American Bramble Grower's Association) for partial funding of this research; John Clark, Harry Swartz, Jim Ballington, and the late Gene Galletta for donation of breeding selections; Stan Hokanson, Kate Rappaport, Sarah Nourse Styan, Phil Edmonds, Mchez Axum, John Enns, and Sam Garrett for establishing and maintaining the field; Sue Kim, Nishith Patel, and Samantha Tangchaiburana for harvesting and processing fruit; Mr. George Meyers for managing BARC weather data acquisition equipment and weather records; and Drs. Deb Fravel, John Clark, Bob Skirvin, Eric Stafne, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2475 EP 2491 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0097 PG 17 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000030 ER PT J AU Chen, JP Xu, WW Burke, JJ Xin, ZG AF Chen, Junping Xu, Wenwei Burke, John J. Xin, Zhanguo TI Role of Phosphatidic Acid in High Temperature Tolerance in Maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SYNTHESIS ELONGATION-FACTOR; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; PHOSPHOLIPASE-D; ABSCISIC-ACID; KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS; STRESS RESPONSES; KERNEL GROWTH; EF-TU; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANT AB Maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm exhibits large genetic variations in tolerance to high temperature (HT) stress under field conditions, but the mechanisms underling this variation are largely unknown. Based on many years of field observation, maize inbred line B76 consistently displays better tolerance to HT than B106. Heat waves during growing season cause leaf firing in developing leaves and tassel blasting in B106 but not in B76. The difference in HT tolerance between the two inbred lines was confirmed in growth chambers under controlled conditions. The two inbred lines showed similar level in the induction of heat shock proteins and a maize chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor (EF-Tu), two mechanisms known to involve in HT tolerance in maize. A drastic decrease in photosynthetic system II (PSII) quantum efficiency occurred at 34 to 35 degrees C in 8106; in B76, it occurred at a much higher temperature (>38 degrees C). Cell membranes of B76 appeared to be more stable under HT than those of B106 based on electrolyte leakage analysis. Lipid profiles of young developing leaves by lipidomics showed that, among all lipids detected, only phosphatidic acid (PA) exhibited significant higher level in B76 than in B106 under both normal and HT stressed conditions (p < 0.02). Moreover, PA was the only lipid that was significantly increased by HT treatment (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that membrane thermostability is essential to HT tolerance and that PA may play an important role in imparting membrane thermostability, and, hence, HT tolerance in maize. C1 [Chen, Junping; Burke, John J.; Xin, Zhanguo] USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Xu, Wenwei] Texas A&M Syst, AgriLife Res, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM junping.chen@ars.usda.gov OI Xin, Zhanguo/0000-0003-1471-7785 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2506 EP 2515 DI 10.2135/cropsci2009.12.0716 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000033 ER PT J AU Wrather, JA Stevens, WE Vories, ED Kirkpatrick, TL Mueller, JD Mauromoustakos, A AF Wrather, J. A. Stevens, W. E. Vories, E. D. Kirkpatrick, T. L. Mueller, J. D. Mauromoustakos, A. TI The Use of Root Gall Ratings to Determine High Risk Zones in Cotton Fields Infested by Meloidogyne incognita SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT; WINTER SURVIVAL; SOIL TEXTURE; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; JUVENILES; DYNAMICS; EGGS AB Farmers growing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) need a reliable, accurate, and inexpensive method for mapping areas of potentially high risk from root-knot nematodes (RKN) [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] within individual fields for site-specific application of nematicides. Evaluation of postharvest cotton roots for galling severity due to RKN may be an alternative to soil analysis for nematodes for developing these maps. The main objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between yield of cotton and root galling severity the year before planting, and the estimated costs per hectare for rating root galling severity compared with that of conventional soil sampling using a 15-m grid spacing. There was a significant negative correlation between root galling severity in October and cotton yield the next 2 yr, indicating galling severity may be a useful indicator of the potential threat of RKN to crop performance for more than 1 yr. The estimated costs for assessing galling severity, $183 ha(-1), were much less than for soil analysis for nematodes, $968 ha(-1). Unfortunately, maps based on galling severity will only be useful guides for site-specific application of nematicides if RKN is the only economically important cotton parasitic nematode present. More accurate and less expensive ways of sampling for RKN are needed to identify within-field areas where the risk of nematode-induced yield loss is high. C1 [Wrather, J. A.; Stevens, W. E.] Univ Missouri Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. [Vories, E. D.] USDA ARS, Portageville, MO USA. [Kirkpatrick, T. L.] Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 71801 USA. [Mueller, J. D.] Clemson Univ, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. [Mauromoustakos, A.] Univ Arkansas, Agr Stat Lab, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Wrather, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri Delta Ctr, Portageville, MO 63873 USA. EM wratherj@missouri.edu FU Missouri Agriculture Experiment Station; USDA Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems [00-52103-9648]; Cotton Incorporated [05-628MO, 07-968MO] FX This research was supported in part by the Missouri Agriculture Experiment Station, USDA Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant 00-52103-9648, and Cotton Incorporated Projects 05-628MO and 07-968MO. The authors thank Cory Cross, Joyce Elrod, and Ronnie Bateman for technical assistance and God for guidance. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2575 EP 2579 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.02.0054 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000040 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Burns, JC AF Sanderson, Matt A. Burns, J. C. TI Digestibility and Intake of Hays from Upland Switchgrass Cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY; YIELD; REGISTRATION; BIOMASS; KINETICS; BIOFUEL AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars with improved forage quality would fill a forage gap during summer when hot dry weather reduces production of cool-season forages on marginal lands of the northeastern United States. 'Cavein-Rock', 'Trailblazer', 'Shawnee', and 'Pathfinder' switchgrass hays were harvested and baled from field plots at Rock Springs, PA, on 29 June 2007, 16 June 2008 (Cut 1), and 8 Aug. 2008 (Cut 2) and fed to mature wether sheep. In 2008, Trailblazer was unavailable so Pathfinder was substituted. Morphological development stage and leaf and stem proportions were determined at each harvest. In 2007, cultivars did not differ in digestion of dry matter (DM) or fiber constituents and sheep consumed switchgrass hays similarly. In 2008, sheep consumed hay of switchgrass cultivars similarly but consumed more of Cut 1 than Cut 2 hay. Cut 1 hay also had greater neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose digestibility than Cut 2 hay. Shawnee consistently had lower DM, fiber, and crude protein digestibility (CPD) than Pathfinder in both cuts. Switchgrass cultivars selected for improved DM disappearance in vitro did not have greater DM or fiber digestion compared with Cave-in-Rock when fed to sheep. Differences among cultivars in nutritive value and in vivo fiber and DM digestion mostly were due to differences in plant maturity and leaf-to-stem ratio. C1 [Sanderson, Matt A.] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Burns, J. C.] USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM matt.sanderson@ars.usda.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 50 IS 6 BP 2641 EP 2648 DI 10.2135/cropsci2010.03.0126 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679BI UT WOS:000284134000048 ER PT J AU Cao, JJ Nielsen, FH AF Cao, Jay J. Nielsen, Forrest H. TI Acid diet (high-meat protein) effects on calcium metabolism and bone health SO CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE LA English DT Article DE acid-base load; bone health; calcium; meat; protein ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MINERAL DENSITY; ELDERLY-MEN; POTASSIUM BICARBONATE; HIP FRACTURE; BALANCE; EXCRETION; LOAD; ASSOCIATION AB Purpose of review Update recent advancements regarding the effect of high-animal protein intakes on calcium utilization and bone health. Recent findings Increased potential renal acid load resulting from a high protein (intake above the current Recommended Dietary Allowance of 0.8 g protein/kg body weight) intake has been closely associated with increased urinary calcium excretion. However, recent findings do not support the assumption that bone is lost to provide the extra calcium found in urine. Neither whole body calcium balance is, nor are bone status indicators, negatively affected by the increased acid load. Contrary to the supposed detrimental effect of protein, the majority of epidemiological studies have shown that long-term high-protein intake increases bone mineral density and reduces bone fracture incidence. The beneficial effects of protein such as increasing intestinal calcium absorption and circulating IGF-I whereas lowering serum parathyroid hormone sufficiently offset any negative effects of the acid load of protein on bone health. Summary On the basis of recent findings, consuming protein (including that from meat) higher than current Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein is beneficial to calcium utilization and bone health, especially in the elderly. A high-protein diet with adequate calcium and fruits and vegetables is important for bone health and osteoporosis prevention. C1 [Cao, Jay J.; Nielsen, Forrest H.] USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Cao, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, 2420 2nd Ave N, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM Jay.Cao@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [5450-51000-039-00D] FX This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) program 'Mineral Intakes for Optimal Bone Development and Health,' Current Research Information System (CRIS) no. 5450-51000-039-00D, as part of the authors' official duties. NR 48 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1363-1950 J9 CURR OPIN CLIN NUTR JI Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care PD NOV PY 2010 VL 13 IS 6 BP 698 EP 702 DI 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833df691 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 671HV UT WOS:000283492600015 PM 20717017 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Abi-Ghanem, D Njongmeta, L Bray, J Mwangi, W Waghela, SD McReynolds, JL Ing, NH Berghman, LR AF Chen, Chang-Hsin Abi-Ghanem, Daad Njongmeta, Leo Bray, Jocelyn Mwangi, Waithaka Waghela, Suryakant D. McReynolds, Jackson L. Ing, Nancy H. Berghman, Luc R. TI Production and characterization of agonistic monoclonal antibodies against chicken CD40 SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chicken; CD40; CD154; Monoclonal antibody; B-cells; Macrophages ID HUMAN B-CELLS; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-VIVO; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BABESIA-BOVIS; LIGAND; ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGES; ANTIGEN AB CD40 is mainly expressed by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Its ligand,CD40L, is transiently expressed on activated CD4(+) T-cells. CD40-CD40L interactions mediate T-cell help to APCs and provide crucial signals for affinity maturation and B-cell class switching. In mammals, agonistic monoclonal anti-CD40 antibodies (mAbs) mimic the effects of CD40L on APCs, leading to enhanced T-cell priming and expansion, increased antibody production and class switching. In this study, we describe agonistic anti-chicken CD40 mAb 2C5. This mAb detected CD40 on primary chicken B-cells and macrophages. DT40 B-cells, and HD11 macrophages, induced NO synthesis in HD11 macrophages, and stimulated DT40 B-cell proliferation. These observations demonstrated at least partial functional equivalence of 2C5 to chicken CD154. This mAb may therefore constitute a new tool to study the role of CD40 in the chicken immune system, and its agonistic effects suggest that it could also be used as an adjuvant. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Chang-Hsin; Abi-Ghanem, Daad; Berghman, Luc R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ing, Nancy H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Njongmeta, Leo; Bray, Jocelyn; Mwangi, Waithaka; Waghela, Suryakant D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McReynolds, Jackson L.] ARS, USDA, Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Berghman, LR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM berghman@poultry.tamu.edu FU USDA [2008-35204-04554]; Poultry Science Department of Texas AM University FX This work was funded by USDA-NRI (Grant #2008-35204-04554 to LRB, WM, SDW and JMR) and the Poultry Science Department of Texas A&M University. We greatly thank Dr. Roger Smith III (Texas A&M University, USA) for the flow cytometric analyses, Dr. Robert Burghardt (Texas A&M University, USA) for assistance with image analysis, and Ms. Cindy Balog-Alvarez (Texas A&M University, USA) for amplifying chicken CD40 cDNA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1141 EP + DI 10.1016/j.dci.2010.06.014 PG 5 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 659HY UT WOS:000282558800001 PM 20599554 ER PT J AU Pilliod, DS Hossack, BR Bahls, PF Bull, EL Corn, PS Hokit, G Maxell, BA Munger, JC Wyrick, A AF Pilliod, David S. Hossack, Blake R. Bahls, Peter F. Bull, Evelyn L. Corn, Paul Stephen Hokit, Grant Maxell, Bryce A. Munger, James C. Wyrick, Aimee TI Non-native salmonids affect amphibian occupancy at multiple spatial scales SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Ambystoma macrodactylum; amphibian decline; biological invasions; fish stocking; landscape; mountain lake; Rana luteiventris ID COLUMBIA SPOTTED FROGS; LONG-TOED SALAMANDER; HIGH-ELEVATION LAKES; YOSEMITE-NATIONAL-PARK; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; YELLOW-LEGGED FROG; AMBYSTOMA-MACRODACTYLUM; RANA-LUTEIVENTRIS; INTRODUCED TROUT; FISH INTRODUCTIONS AB Aim The introduction of non-native species into aquatic environments has been linked with local extinctions and altered distributions of native species. We investigated the effect of non-native salmonids on the occupancy of two native amphibians, the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) and Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), across three spatial scales: water bodies, small catchments and large catchments. Location Mountain lakes at >= 1500 m elevation were surveyed across the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Methods We surveyed 2267 water bodies for amphibian occupancy (based on evidence of reproduction) and fish presence between 1986 and 2002 and modelled the probability of amphibian occupancy at each spatial scale in relation to habitat availability and quality and fish presence. Results After accounting for habitat features, we estimated that A. macrodactylum was 2.3 times more likely to breed in fishless water bodies than in water bodies with fish. Ambystoma macrodactylum also was more likely to occupy small catchments where none of the water bodies contained fish than in catchments where at least one water body contained fish. However, the probability of salamander occupancy in small catchments was also influenced by habitat availability (i.e. the number of water bodies within a catchment) and suitability of remaining fishless water bodies. We found no relationship between fish presence and salamander occupancy at the large-catchment scale, probably because of increased habitat availability. In contrast to A. macrodactylum, we found no relationship between fish presence and R. luteiventris occupancy at any scale. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the negative effects of non-native salmonids can extend beyond the boundaries of individual water bodies and increase A. macrodactylum extinction risk at landscape scales. We suspect that niche overlap between non-native fish and A. macrodactylum at higher elevations in the northern Rocky Mountains may lead to extinction in catchments with limited suitable habitat. C1 [Pilliod, David S.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, Boise, ID 83706 USA. [Hossack, Blake R.; Corn, Paul Stephen] US Geol Survey, No Rocky Mt Sci Ctr, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Bahls, Peter F.] NW Watershed Inst, Port Townsend, WA 98368 USA. [Bull, Evelyn L.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. [Hokit, Grant] Carroll Coll, Dept Biol, Helena, MT 59625 USA. [Maxell, Bryce A.] Montana Nat Heritage Program, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Munger, James C.] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Wyrick, Aimee] Pacific Union Coll, Dept Biol, Angwin, CA 94508 USA. RP Pilliod, DS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Snake River Field Stn, 970 Lusk St, Boise, ID 83706 USA. EM dpilliod@usgs.gov FU Department of the Interior Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) FX We thank the many funding agencies and field assistants for data used in this analysis. B.R.H. and the data collected in Glacier National Park were supported by the Department of the Interior Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). Patrick Murphy provided data for the Clearwater National Forest. Robert Arkle assisted with NPMR analyses and Justin Welty assisted with figures. Christopher Pearl and Robert Klaver provided helpful comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Sandra Poppenga and Alisa Gallant provided watershed delineation data from the US Geological Survey EROS Data Center. Brett Davis assisted with solar radiation modelling. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 959 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00699.x PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669UO UT WOS:000283375900009 ER PT J AU Guo, QF Ricklefs, RE AF Guo, Qinfeng Ricklefs, Robert E. TI Domestic exotics and the perception of invasibility SO DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Area; biological invasions; definition of exotic; degree of invasion (DI); diversity; homogenization; islands; population; scale-dependency ID SPECIES RICHNESS; ISLANDS; INVASION; CONTINENTS; INTRODUCTIONS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; FLORAS; BIRDS AB Susceptibility of an area to invasion by exotic species is often judged by the fraction of introduced species in the local biota. However, the degree of invasion, particularly in mainland areas, has often been underestimated because of the exclusion of 'domestic exotics' (those introduced to internal units from within the national border) in calculations. Because all introduced species on islands are considered as exotics, this contributes to the perception that islands are more susceptible to invasion than are continental regions. Here, we determine the contribution of domestic exotic species to the degree of invasion (exotic fraction) in mainland areas. We quantify the relationships of exotic fraction to the area, human population density and land use within each of the 48 conterminous US states to identify mechanisms that potentially influence the degree of invasion. For each of the 48 conterminous US states, we compiled the number of species introduced from outside the United States ('foreign exotics') and the number of exotics introduced from other conterminous US states ('domestic exotics'). The status of each species as foreign or domestic was determined for each state by researching its precise origins through vouchered herbarium records, supplemented by literature (Kartesz, 2010). We found that (1) the exotic fraction inevitably decreases with increasing area as the pool of potential exotic species decreases; (2) exotic richness of areas within large mainland regions is underestimated to the extent that species introduced among areas within a region are considered as natives; and (3) human activities contribute disproportionately more exotics to smaller than to larger administrative areas. How we define 'exotic' influences how we count non-native species and perceive invasibility. Excluding domestic exotics in mainland regions leads to a biased perception of increased invasibility on islands, where all introduced species are considered exotic. Thus, future documentation and interpretation of invasion patterns and management of exotics should account for these biases in quantifying the exotic fraction. C1 [Guo, Qinfeng] Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA FS, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. [Ricklefs, Robert E.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Guo, QF (reprint author), Eastern Forest Environm Threat Assessment Ctr, USDA FS, 200 WT Weaver Blvd, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. EM qguo@fs.fed.us FU University of Missouri; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank J.H. Brown, M. Davis, J. Falcone, D. Hooper, S. Norman, M. Palmer, M. Rejmanek and D.M. Richardson for insightful comments on the manuscript; S. Creed, J. Kartesz, R. Moe, M. Nishino for their help with data compilation; and J. Wen for assistance in statistical analyses. R.E.R. thanks the Curators of the University of Missouri and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1366-9516 J9 DIVERS DISTRIB JI Divers. Distrib. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1034 EP 1039 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00708.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669UO UT WOS:000283375900015 ER PT J AU Schipper, LA Robertson, WD Gold, AJ Jaynes, DB Cameron, SC AF Schipper, Louis A. Robertson, Will D. Gold, Arthur J. Jaynes, Dan B. Cameron, Stewart C. TI Denitrifying bioreactors-An approach for reducing nitrate loads to receiving waters SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE Denitrification; Bioreactor; Nitrate; Effluent ID SEPTIC-SYSTEM NITRATE; DENITRIFICATION WALL; REACTIVE BARRIERS; BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION; AGRICULTURAL NITRATE; BIOFILM CARRIER; DRAINAGE WATER; NITROGEN-CYCLE; CARBON SOURCE; GROUND-WATER AB Low-cost and simple technologies are needed to reduce watershed export of excess nitrogen to sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Denitrifying bioreactors are an approach where solid carbon substrates are added into the flow path of contaminated water. These carbon (C) substrates (often fragmented wood-products) act as a C and energy source to support denitrification: the conversion of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gases. Here, we summarize the different designs of denitrifying bioreactors that use a solid C substrate, their hydrological connections, effectiveness, and factors that limit their performance. The main denitrifying bioreactors are: denitrification walls (intercepting shallow groundwater), denitrifying beds (intercepting concentrated discharges) and denitrifying layers (intercepting soil leachate). Both denitrifcation walls and beds have proven successful in appropriate field settings with NO3- removal rates generally ranging from 0.01 to 3.6 g N m(-3) day(-1) for walls and 2-22 g N m(-3) day(-1) for beds, with the lower rates often associated with nitrate-limitations. Nitrate removal is also limited by the rate of C supply from degrading substrate and removal is operationally zero-order with respect to NO3- concentration primarily because the inputs of NO3- into studied bioreactors have been generally high. In bioreactors where NO3- is not fully depleted, removal rates generally increase with increasing temperature. Nitrate removal has been supported for up to 15 years without further maintenance or C supplementation because wood chips degrade sufficiently slowly under anoxic conditions. There have been few field-based comparisons of alternative C substrates to increase NO3- removal rates but laboratory trials suggest that some alternatives could support greater rates of NO3- removal (e.g., corn cobs and wheat straw). Denitrifying bioreactors may have a number of adverse effects, such as production of nitrous oxide and leaching of dissolved organic matter (usually only for the first few months after construction and start-up). The relatively small amount of field data suggests that these problems can be adequately managed or minimized. An initial cost/benefit analysis demonstrates that denitrifying bioreactors are cost effective and complementary to other agricultural management practices aimed at decreasing nitrogen loads to surface waters. We conclude with recommendations for further research to enhance performance of denitrifying bioreactors. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schipper, Louis A.] Univ Waikato, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Robertson, Will D.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Gold, Arthur J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Jaynes, Dan B.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Cameron, Stewart C.] GNS Sci, Taupo, New Zealand. RP Schipper, LA (reprint author), Univ Waikato, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand. EM Schipper@waikato.ac.nz RI Schipper, Louis/F-1605-2010 OI Schipper, Louis/0000-0001-9899-1276 FU Denitrification Research Coordination Network of the National Science Foundation [DEB0443439]; USDA [2008-51130-19504]; USDA NRCS-RI [69-1535-06-005]; University of Waikato, GNS Science [C09X0705] FX This paper is a product of a workshop on "Denitrification in Managed Ecosystems" held May 12-14, 2009, at the University of Rhode island Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI, with support from the Denitrification Research Coordination Network of the National Science Foundation, award DEB0443439 and the USDA CSREES Northeast States and Caribbean Islands Regional Water Project award 2008-51130-19504. Eric Davidson is thanked for initiating the workshop. This work was partially supported by USDA NRCS-RI agreement number 69-1535-06-005, Landcare Research contract C09X0705 University of Waikato, GNS Science. We thank Bob Kadlec, Ken Foreman, and Kelly Addy for early discussions on the focus of this review. NR 75 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 27 U2 147 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 EI 1872-6992 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 36 IS 11 SI SI BP 1532 EP 1543 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.04.008 PG 12 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 665BS UT WOS:000283010600004 ER PT J AU Moorman, TB Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC Jaynes, DB AF Moorman, Thomas B. Parkin, Timothy B. Kaspar, Thomas C. Jaynes, Dan B. TI Denitrification activity, wood loss, and N2O emissions over 9 years from a wood chip bioreactor SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nitrate leaching; Denitrification wall; Microorganisms; Methane; Nitrate removal; Denitrifying microorganisms; Nitrous oxide emissions; Drainage ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE WATER; NITRATE REMOVAL; AGRICULTURAL DRAINAGE; SOILS; QUALITY; CARBON; WALL; GROUNDWATER; SYSTEM; GRASSLAND AB Loss of nitrate in subsurface drainage water from agricultural fields is an important problem in the Midwestern United States and elsewhere. One possible strategy for reducing nitrate export is the use of denitrification bioreactors. A variety of experimental bioreactor designs have been shown to reduce nitrate losses in drainage water for periods up to several years. This research reports on the denitrification activity of a wood chip-based bioreactor operating in the field for over 9 years. Potential denitrification activity was sustained over the 9-year period, which was consistent with nitrate removal from drainage water in the field. Denitrification potentials ranged from 8.2 to 34 mg N kg(-1) wood during the last 5 years of bioreactor operation. Populations of denitrifying bacteria were greater in the wood chips than in adjacent subsoil. Loss of wood through decomposition reached 75% at the 90-100 cm depth with a wood half-life of 4.6 years. However, wood loss was less than 20% at 155-170 cm depth and the half-life of this wood was 36.6 years. The differential wood loss at these two depths appears to result from sustained anaerobic conditions below the tile drainage line at 120 cm depth. Pore space concentrations of oxygen and methane support this conjecture. Nitrous oxide exported in tile water from the wood chip bioreactor plots was not significantly higher than N2O exports in tile water from the untreated control plots, and loss of N2O from tile water exiting the bioreactor accounted for 0.0062 kg N2O-N kg(-1) NO3-N. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Moorman, Thomas B.; Parkin, Timothy B.; Kaspar, Thomas C.; Jaynes, Dan B.] ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Moorman, TB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, 2110 Univ Blvd, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tom.moorman@ars.usda.gov FU CSREES National Research Initiative NRI-CGP [98-35102-6953]; American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture [59-3625-604] FX This project was funded in part by grant 98-35102-6953 from CSREES National Research Initiative NRI-CGP and grant 59-3625-604 from the American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture. We thank Kent Heikens, Ben Knutson, Colin Greenan, Amy Morrow, Beth Douglass and Otis Smith for their help in this research. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 36 IS 11 SI SI BP 1567 EP 1574 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.03.012 PG 8 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 665BS UT WOS:000283010600008 ER PT J AU Merritt, DM Nilsson, C Jansson, R AF Merritt, David M. Nilsson, Christer Jansson, Roland TI Consequences of propagule dispersal and river fragmentation for riparian plant community diversity and turnover SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE fragmentation; hydrochory; northern Sweden; riparian plants; rivers; species richness; species turnover; water dispersal; wind dispersal ID SPECIES RICHNESS; SEED DEPOSITION; BOREAL RIVERS; MARGIN VEGETATION; DRIFT LINES; HYDROCHORY; BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; TRAITS; LITTER AB The spatial distribution and temporal availability of propagules fundamentally constrain plant community development. This study experimentally tested several hypotheses about the relative roles of wind and water dispersal in colonization and development of riparian communities along rivers. Through controlling the source of propagules (dispersed by wind, water, or both) reaching newly created, bare river margin sites, we isolated the relative roles of dispersal and other factors in plant community development over five years. Replicated treatments were established at 12 sites spanning 400 km along two adjacent rivers in northern Sweden, one fragmented by a series of dams, the other free-flowing. Bare river margins receiving only water-dispersed propagules had significantly higher species richness compared to plots receiving only wind-dispersed propagules during the initial two years of colonization. Species richness increased annually throughout the study along tranquil and turbulent reaches of the free-flowing river but reached an asymptote at comparatively low richness after a single year on the impounded river. Propagule source strongly influenced species richness during the initial establishment along both rivers, with richness being significantly higher in plots receiving water-dispersed seeds. This strong treatment effect continued to be important through time along the regulated river but diminished in importance along the free-flowing river where other factors such as soil moisture, light availability, and exposure of sites to fluvial disturbance overshadowed the influence of dispersal pathway in mediating species richness. This suggests that hydrochory (plant dispersal by water) may be more important for maintenance of diversity in regulated systems where long-distance dispersal is absent or negligible, but that the rich local propagule source along free-flowing rivers supports high species richness. The number of unique species was higher in water-dispersal plots along both the regulated and free-flowing rivers. This result suggests that hydrochory may contribute to temporal variability of sites, may enhance richness over time, and may have an important role in meta-population and meta-community dynamics of plant communities through long-distance (and local) dispersal and chance colonization. Our findings provide experimental evidence that water dispersal of plant propagules influences colonization dynamics and is important for long-term community development in riparian zones. C1 [Merritt, David M.] US Forest Serv, Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Merritt, David M.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Nilsson, Christer; Jansson, Roland] Umea Univ, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci, Landscape Ecol Grp, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Merritt, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Nat Resource Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dmmerritt@fs.fed.us RI Jansson, Roland/B-7972-2013 OI Jansson, Roland/0000-0003-1767-7010 FU Swedish Research Council FX The authors acknowledge the laboratory and field support of Tuna Kumpula, Magnus Svedmark, Birgitta Renofalt, Elisabet Carlborg, Asa Bang, Ursula Zinko, Marcus Astrom, and the rest of the Landscape Ecology Group at Umea University. We appreciate Christopher Peltz's assistance with the study area map. This study was supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Swedish Research Council (through C. Nilsson to D. M. Merritt). This manuscript was improved by comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 66 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 66 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 80 IS 4 BP 609 EP 626 DI 10.1890/09-1533.1 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671CY UT WOS:000283478800005 ER PT J AU Davidson, AD Ponce, E Lightfoot, DC Fredrickson, EL Brown, JH Cruzado, J Brantley, SL Sierra-Corona, R List, R Toledo, D Ceballos, G AF Davidson, Ana D. Ponce, Eduardo Lightfoot, David C. Fredrickson, Ed L. Brown, James H. Cruzado, Juan Brantley, Sandra L. Sierra-Corona, Rodrigo List, Rurik Toledo, David Ceballos, Gerardo TI Rapid response of a grassland ecosystem to an experimental manipulation of a keystone rodent and domestic livestock SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bos taurus; Chihuahuan Desert; Cynomys ludovicianus; domestic cattle; ecosystem engineers; grasshoppers; grassland; grazing; herbivores; keystone species; prairie dogs; vegetation ID PRAIRIE DOGS; GRASSHOPPERS ORTHOPTERA; HERBIVORE INTERACTIONS; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; OCHOTONA-CURZONIAE; BURROWING RODENTS; DESERT GRASSLAND; TIBETAN PLATEAU; KANGAROO RATS; LONG-TERM AB Megaherbivores and small burrowing mammals commonly coexist and play important functional roles in grassland ecosystems worldwide. The interactive effects of these two functional groups of herbivores in shaping the structure and function of grassland ecosystems are poorly understood. In North America's central grasslands, domestic cattle (Bos taurus) have supplanted bison (Bison bison), and now coexist with prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), a keystone burrowing rodent. Understanding the ecological relationships between cattle and prairie dogs and their independent and interactive effects is essential to understanding the ecology and important conservation issues affecting North American grassland ecosystems. To address these needs, we established a long-term manipulative experiment that separates the independent and interactive effects of prairie dogs and cattle using a 232 factorial design. Our study is located in the Janos-Casas Grandes region of northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, which supports one of the largest remaining complexes of black-tailed prairie dogs (C. ludovicianus). Two years of posttreatment data show nearly twofold increases in prairie dog abundance on plots grazed by cattle compared to plots without cattle. This positive effect of cattle on prairie dogs resulted in synergistic impacts when they occurred together. Vegetation height was significantly lower on the plots where both species co-occurred compared to where either or both species was absent. The treatments also significantly affected abundance and composition of other grassland animal species, including grasshoppers and banner-tailed kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis). Our results demonstrate that two different functional groups of herbivorous mammals, burrowing mammals and domestic cattle, have distinctive and synergistic impacts in shaping the structure and function of grassland ecosystems. C1 [Davidson, Ana D.; Ponce, Eduardo; Cruzado, Juan; Sierra-Corona, Rodrigo; List, Rurik; Ceballos, Gerardo] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Davidson, Ana D.; Lightfoot, David C.; Brown, James H.; Brantley, Sandra L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fredrickson, Ed L.; Toledo, David] ARS, USDA, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Toledo, David] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Davidson, AD (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM Davidson@unm.edu RI Toledo, David/A-9259-2010 OI Toledo, David/0000-0001-5162-4428 FU NSF [OISE-0653296]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; UNAM; J. M. Kaplan Fund; TNC; Whitley Fund for Nature FX We thank E. B. Erhardt, E. Bedrick, and A. Nosedal-Sanchez for statistical advice, T. Lebgue for help with plant identifications, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) for use of El Uno Ecological Reserve, two anonymous reviewers for their comments on the manuscript, and E. Rivera, D. Aceves, O. Roacho, A. Gonzales, L. Martinez, V. Solis, J. Pacheco, S. N. Davidson, M. J. Hamilton, N. Barajas, and many others for help with fieldwork and logistical support. We also are grateful to S. N. Davidson for the artistic drawings of the bison, cow, and prairie dog in Fig. 1. This research was funded by NSF Grant OISE-0653296, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, UNAM, the J. M. Kaplan Fund, TNC, and the Whitley Fund for Nature. NR 62 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 14 U2 100 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 3189 EP 3200 DI 10.1890/09-1277.1 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679JV UT WOS:000284158600008 PM 21141180 ER PT J AU Wimp, GM Murphy, SM Finke, DL Huberty, AF Denno, RF AF Wimp, Gina M. Murphy, Shannon M. Finke, Deborah L. Huberty, Andrea F. Denno, Robert F. TI Increased primary production shifts the structure and composition of a terrestrial arthropod community SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allochthonous subsidies; ANOSIM; arthropod community structure; biodiversity; detritivore; herbivore; NMDS; nutrient runoff; parasitoid; predator; primary production; Spartina alterniflora ID ENGLAND SALT-MARSH; SPECIES RICHNESS; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS; NORTH-CAROLINA; SUCCESSIONAL ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; FIELD EXPERIMENT; RESOURCE CONTROL; NATURAL ENEMIES AB Numerous studies have examined relationships between primary production and biodiversity at higher trophic levels. However, altered production in plant communities is often tightly linked with concomitant shifts in diversity and composition, and most studies have not disentangled the direct effects of production on consumers. Furthermore, when studies do examine the effects of plant production on animals in terrestrial systems, they are primarily confined to a subset of taxonomic or functional groups instead of investigating the responses of the entire community. Using natural monocultures of the salt marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora, we were able to examine the impacts of increased plant production, independent of changes in plant composition and/or diversity, on the trophic structure, composition, and diversity of the entire arthropod community. If arthropod species richness increased with greater plant production, we predicted that it would be driven by: (1) an increase in the number of rare species, and/or (2) an increase in arthropod abundance. Our results largely supported our predictions: species richness of herbivores, detritivores, predators, and parasitoids increased monotonically with increasing levels of plant production, and the diversity of rare species also increased with plant production. However, rare species that accounted for this difference were predators, parasitoids, and detritivores, not herbivores. Herbivore species richness could be simply explained by the relationship between abundance and diversity. Using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM), we also found significant changes in arthropod species composition with increasing levels of production. Our findings have important implications in the intertidal salt marsh, where human activities have increased nitrogen runoff into the marsh, and demonstrate that such nitrogen inputs cascade to affect community structure, diversity, and abundance in higher trophic levels. C1 [Wimp, Gina M.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Wimp, Gina M.; Denno, Robert F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Murphy, Shannon M.] Univ Denver, Dept Biol Sci, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Finke, Deborah L.] Univ Missouri, Div Plant Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Huberty, Andrea F.] USDA APHIS BRS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Wimp, GM (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM gmw22@georgetown.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-9903601, DEB-0313903] FX We thank the following systematists for their generous help with our identifications: V. Behan-Pelletier, M. Buffington, J. Davidson, M. Gates, E. Grissell, and M. Yoder. We thank members of the D. C. PIG, a plant-insect discussion group composed of members from D.C.-area universities and institutions, for comments that improved this manuscript, especially M. Douglas, D. Gruner, A. Howard, D. Lewis, J. Lill, E. Lind, H. Mallory, D. Uma, and M. Weiss. This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants DEB-9903601 and DEB-0313903 to R. F. Denno. NR 74 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 7 U2 76 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 3303 EP 3311 DI 10.1890/09-1291.1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679JV UT WOS:000284158600019 PM 21141191 ER PT J AU Albright, TP Pidgeon, AM Rittenhouse, CD Clayton, MK Wardlow, BD Flather, CH Culbert, PD Radeloff, VC AF Albright, Thomas P. Pidgeon, Anna M. Rittenhouse, Chadwick D. Clayton, Murray K. Wardlow, Brian D. Flather, Curtis H. Culbert, Patrick D. Radeloff, Volker C. TI Combined effects of heat waves and droughts on avian communities across the conterminous United States SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article AB Increasing surface temperatures and climatic variability associated with global climate change are expected to produce more frequent and intense heat waves and droughts in many parts of the world. Our goal was to elucidate the fundamental, but poorly understood, effects of these extreme weather events on avian communities across the conterminous United States. Specifically, we explored: (1) the effects of timing and duration of heat and drought events, (2) the effects of jointly occurring drought and heat waves relative to these events occurring in isolation, and (3) how effects vary among functional groups related to nest location and migratory habit, and among ecoregions with differing precipitation and temperature regimes. Using data from remote sensing, meteorological stations, and the North American Breeding Bird Survey, we used mixed effects models to quantify responses of overall and functional group abundance to heat waves and droughts (occurring alone or in concert) at two key periods in the annual cycle of birds: breeding and post-fledging. We also compared responses among species with different migratory and nesting characteristics, and among 17 ecoregions of the conterminous United States. We found large changes in avian abundances related to 100-year extreme weather events occurring in both breeding and post-fledging periods, but little support for an interaction among time periods. We also found that jointly-, rather than individually-occurring heat waves and droughts were both more common and more predictive of abundance changes. Declining abundance was the only significant response to post-fledging events, while responses to breeding period events were larger but could be positive or negative. Negative responses were especially frequent in the western U. S., and among ground-nesting birds and Neotropical migrants, with the largest single-season declines (36%) occurring among ground-nesting birds in the desert Southwest. These results indicate the importance of functional traits, timing, and geography in determining avian responses to weather extremes. Because dispersal to other regions appears to be an important avian response, it may be essential to maintain habitat refugia in a more climatically variable future. C1 [Albright, Thomas P.; Pidgeon, Anna M.; Rittenhouse, Chadwick D.; Culbert, Patrick D.; Radeloff, Volker C.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Clayton, Murray K.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Stat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wardlow, Brian D.] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Flather, Curtis H.] ARS, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Albright, TP (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Lab Conservat Biogeog, 104A Mackay Sci Hall MS0154, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM talbright@unr.edu RI Radeloff, Volker/B-6124-2016; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Radeloff, Volker/0000-0001-9004-221X; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 FU NASA Biodiversity Program; NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this research by the NASA Biodiversity Program and the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program. We thank the developers of the R project, the nlme module, and ColorBrewer.org. MODIS data were reprojected with the MODIS reprojection tool 4.0 (USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD, USA). All spatial summaries were calculated using ERDAS 9.0 (ERDAS, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) and ArcGIS 9.2 with the aid of Python 2.4 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA). We thank D. Helmers for assistance with Python scripts. We also thank B. Wolf and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved this manuscript. Finally, we thank the many coordinators and volunteers who make BBS possible. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 5 AR UNSP 12 DI 10.1890/ES10-00057.1 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V30IQ UT WOS:000208810100004 ER PT J AU Lefcort, H Vancura, J Lider, EL AF Lefcort, Hugh Vancura, James Lider, Edward L. TI 75 years after mining ends stream insect diversity is still affected by heavy metals SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insect; Diversity; Heavy metal; Mining ID DALENE RIVER-BASIN; AQUATIC INSECTS; POLLUTED STREAMS; TRACE-METALS; ANTIPREDATORY BEHAVIOR; COMMUNITY; TOXICITY; SNAILS; IDAHO; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB A century of heavy metal mining in the western United States has left a legacy of abandoned mines. While large operations have left a visible reminder, smaller one and two-man operations have been overgrown and largely forgotten. We revisited an area of northern Idaho that has not had active mining since at least 1932 and probably since 1910. At three sites along each of 10 mountain streams we sampled larval stream insects and correlated their community diversity to stream levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, zinc, pH, temperature, oxygen content, and conductivity. Although the streams appear pristine, multivariate statistics indicated that cadmium and zinc levels were significantly correlated with fewer animals, fewer families, a smaller percentage of plecopterans (stoneflies), and lower Shannon H diversity values. After at least 75 years, abandoned mines appear to be still influencing stream communities. C1 [Lefcort, Hugh; Vancura, James] Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. [Lider, Edward L.] US Forest Serv, Fernan Off, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Lefcort, H (reprint author), Gonzaga Univ, Dept Biol, 502 E Boone Ave, Spokane, WA 99258 USA. EM lefcort@gonzaga.edu NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1416 EP 1425 DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0526-8 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 681ZN UT WOS:000284363800005 PM 20680454 ER PT J AU Sjolund-Karlsson, M Howie, R Rickert, R Krueger, A Tran, TT Zhao, SH Ball, T Haro, J Pecic, G Joyce, K Fedorka-Cray, PJ Whichard, JM McDermott, PF AF Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria Howie, Rebecca Rickert, Regan Krueger, Amy Tran, Thu-Thuy Zhao, Shaohua Ball, Takiyah Haro, Jovita Pecic, Gary Joyce, Kevin Fedorka-Cray, Paula J. Whichard, Jean M. McDermott, Patrick F. TI Plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance among Non-Typhi Salmonella enterica Isolates, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLUOROQUINOLONE BREAKPOINTS; UNITED-STATES; QNR GENES; PREVALENCE; AAC(6')-IB-CR; EMERGENCE AB We determined the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms among non-Typhi Salmonella spp. isolated from humans, food animals, and retail meat in the United States in 2007. Six isolates collected from humans harbored aac(6')Ib-cr or a qnr gene. Most prevalent was qnrS1. No animal or retail meat isolates harbored a plasmid-mediated mechanism. C1 [Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria; Joyce, Kevin; Whichard, Jean M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Howie, Rebecca; Pecic, Gary] IHRC Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. [Rickert, Regan; Krueger, Amy] Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. [Tran, Thu-Thuy; Zhao, Shaohua; McDermott, Patrick F.] US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. [Ball, Takiyah; Haro, Jovita; Fedorka-Cray, Paula J.] USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Sjolund-Karlsson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fwt4@cdc.gov FU CDC; USDA; FDA-CVM FX This work was supported by an interagency agreement between CDC, USDA, and FDA-CVM. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 9 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1789 EP 1791 DI 10.3201/eid1611.100464 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 673YI UT WOS:000283699700027 PM 21029547 ER PT J AU Abd-Rabou, S Simmons, AM AF Abd-Rabou, Shaaban Simmons, Alvin M. TI SURVEY OF REPRODUCTIVE HOST PLANTS OF BEMISIA TABACI (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) IN EGYPT, INCLUDING NEW HOST RECORDS SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE sweetpotato whitefly; Bemisia tabaci; Aleyrodidae; host range; host plants AB A field survey was conducted on the reproductive host plant species of the Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) complex throughout Egypt. Infested plants were collected during each month of the year. Bemisia tabaci completed its development on 118 species of plants in 79 genera belonging to 28 families. The family Asteraceae (= Compositae) included 23 host plant species (20% of the total) belonging to 16 genera, while the family Fabaceae (= Leguminosae) included 17 host plant species belonging to 13 genera. The study revealed six new reproductive host plants consisting of five species and one subspecies in the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Piperaceae, Plantaginaceae and Portulacaceae. About 70% of the host plants are new host records for Egypt. Several recent studies have mistakenly cited a previous list of B. tabaci hosts in Egypt by erroneously referring to an early world host list as being a list of hosts in Egypt. The results of this study have implications on whitefly ecology and management. C1 [Simmons, Alvin M.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. [Abd-Rabou, Shaaban] Minist Agr, Agr Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Inst, Giza, Egypt. RP Simmons, AM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM shaaban59@yahoo.com; alvin.simmons@ars.usda.gov OI Abd-Rabou, Shaaban/0000-0002-9162-7057 FU U.S.-Egyptian Science and Technology Joint Fund; USDA; Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture [BIO12-001-014] FX We thank D. M. Jackson and K. S. Ling for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. This publication is sponsored by the U.S.-Egyptian Science and Technology Joint Fund in cooperation with the USDA and Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture under Project Number BIO12-001-014. This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by the USDA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 121 IS 5 BP 456 EP 465 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V21NZ UT WOS:000208215600007 ER PT J AU Cole, DN Hall, TE AF Cole, David N. Hall, Troy E. TI Experiencing the Restorative Components of Wilderness Environments: Does Congestion Interfere and Does Length of Exposure Matter? SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE congestion; crowding; outdoor recreation; restorative environments; wilderness ID PSYCHOLOGICAL RESTORATION; OUTDOOR RECREATION; PREFERENCES; BENEFITS; CONTEXT AB Wilderness should provide opportunities for stress reduction and restoration of mental fatigue. Visitors, surveyed as they exited wilderness trailheads, were asked for self-assessments of stress reduction and mental rejuvenation and the extent to which they experienced various restorative components of the environment-attributes deemed by attention restorative theory to be conducive to restoration. Day and overnight hikers on both very high use and moderate use trails were studied. Most respondents reported substantial stress reduction and mental rejuvenation and most experienced the environment in ways considered conducive to restoration. At the moderate to high use levels we studied, psychological restoration did not vary significantly with level of congestion, suggesting that concern about restorative experiences is not a valid rationale for limiting use on wilderness trails. Day trips reduced stress and allowed for mental rejuvenation to the same degree that overnight trips did. However, several of the restorative components of environment were experienced to a significantly greater degree as length of trip increased. C1 [Cole, David N.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. [Hall, Troy E.] Univ Idaho, Dept Conservat Social Sci, Protected Area Visitor Studies, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Cole, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 790 East Beckwith, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM dcole@fs.fed.us NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 21 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 6 BP 806 EP 823 DI 10.1177/0013916509347248 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 668JE UT WOS:000283263800005 ER PT J AU Ryu, JH Gao, SD Tanji, KK AF Ryu, Ji-Hun Gao, Suduan Tanji, Kenneth K. TI Speciation and behavior of arsenic in evaporation basins, California, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Arsenic; Evaporation basins; Speciation; Redox chemistry; Sequential extraction ID ORGANIC-MATTER; WETLAND SYSTEM; HUMIC ACIDS; SOILS; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; FRACTIONATION; ABSORPTION; SELENIUM AB Disposal of saline subsurface drainage waters from croplands into evaporation basins (or ponds) in the San Joaquin Valley of California causes excessive accumulation of salts and elevated concentrations of arsenic (As), a potentially high risk element with little information about its fate, in the agricultural evaporation ponds. We examined dissolved As concentration, speciation, and distribution in waters as well as As fractionation in sediments in the 10-cell South Evaporation Basin for better understanding of processes and conditions affecting As transformations and fate in a specific drainage disposal facility. The increase of total dissolved As concentrations were observed with higher Cl(-) and electric conductivity along flow path indicating that evaporation was an important factor regulating total dissolved As concentration. The increases of reduced As species such as arsenite [As(III)] and organic As (monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) were found towards the terminal flow pathway. However, arsenate [As(V)], the oxidized species remained greater than 67% of total dissolved As in all cell waters. Sequential extractions of sediments indicated that reducing conditions may influence As behavior in sediments to be more soluble and exchangeable. Arsenic association with oxides was appreciable only under oxidizing condition. Carbonate minerals played an important role in immobilizing As into the sediments under alkaline condition and a broad range of redox conditions. However, these sink mechanisms did not significantly reduce As concentrations in the cell waters. The reducing condition facilitated by high concentration of organic matter might be a major factor for the increase in As mobility. C1 [Ryu, Ji-Hun] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Radioact Waste Technol Dev Div, Taejon, South Korea. [Gao, Suduan] USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. [Tanji, Kenneth K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Hydrol Program, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ryu, JH (reprint author), Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Radioact Waste Technol Dev Div, Daedeokdaero 1045, Taejon, South Korea. EM jryu@kaeri.re.kr FU University of California FX Financial support for this research was received from University of California Salinity/Drainage Program. Strong support was also received from Mr. Douglas Davis, manager of Tulare Lake Drainage District. Mr. Mike Almeda (Novalek, Inc.) and Mr. Larry Davis (TLDD) helped us sample water and sediment within Cells 1 and 9 in the evaporation basins. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1866-6280 J9 ENVIRON EARTH SCI JI Environ. Earth Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1599 EP 1612 DI 10.1007/s12665-010-0473-y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 668WH UT WOS:000283303800005 ER PT J AU Baasch, DM Fischer, JW Hygnstrom, SE VerCauteren, KC Tyre, AJ Millspaugh, JJ Merchant, JW Volesky, JD AF Baasch, David M. Fischer, Justin W. Hygnstrom, Scott E. VerCauteren, Kurt C. Tyre, Andrew J. Millspaugh, Joshua J. Merchant, James W. Volesky, Jerry D. TI Resource Selection by Elk in an Agro-Forested Landscape of Northwestern Nebraska SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Agro-forested landscape; Cervus elaphus; Discrete choice; Elk; Nebraska; Resource selection ID HABITAT SELECTION; REINTRODUCED ELK; POTENTIAL HABITAT; SOUTH-DAKOTA; BLACK-HILLS; RESTORE ELK; BED SITES; SCALE; DEER; MANAGEMENT AB In recent years, elk have begun recolonizing areas east of the Rocky Mountains that are largely agro-forested ecosystems composed of privately owned land where management of elk is an increasing concern due to crop and forage depredation and interspecific disease transmission. We used a Geographic Information System, elk use locations (n = 5013), random locations (n = 25,065), discrete-choice models, and information-theoretic methods to test hypotheses about elk resource selection in an agro-forested landscape located in the Pine Ridge region of northwestern Nebraska, USA. Our objectives were to determine landscape characteristics selected by female elk and identify publicly owned land within the Pine Ridge for potential redistribution of elk. We found distance to edge of cover influenced selection of resources by female elk most and that in areas with light hunting pressure, such as ours, this selection was not driven by an avoidance of roads. Female elk selected resources positioned near ponderosa pine cover types during all seasons, exhibited a slight avoidance of roads during spring and fall, selected areas with increased slope during winter and spring, and selected north- and east-facing aspects over flat areas and areas with south-facing slopes during winter months. We used our models to identified a potential elk redistribution area that had a higher proportion of landcover with characteristics selected by elk in our study area than the current herd areas and more landcover that was publicly owned. With appropriate management plans, we believe elk within the Potential Elk Redistribution Area would predominantly occupy publicly owned land, which would help minimize crop and forage damage on privately owned lands. C1 [Baasch, David M.; Tyre, Andrew J.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Fischer, Justin W.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.] USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Hygnstrom, Scott E.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Millspaugh, Joshua J.] Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Merchant, James W.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Volesky, Jerry D.] Univ Nebraska, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. RP Baasch, DM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 135 Hardin Hall,3310 Holdrege St, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM baaschd@headwaterscorp.com FU Nebraska Gap Analysis Project; Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Nebraska National Forest; Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation; USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center FX The authors thank M. Cover, D. Crank, and B. Stillings for data collection. We thank landowners in the Pine Ridge that allowed access to their land to conduct research. The Nebraska Gap Analysis Project, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska National Forest, Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, and USDA/APHIS/WS/National Wildlife Research Center provided funding for this project. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 725 EP 737 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9559-2 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669OO UT WOS:000283360300006 PM 20872141 ER PT J AU Underwood, EC Viers, JH Quinn, JF North, M AF Underwood, Emma C. Viers, Joshua H. Quinn, James F. North, Malcolm TI Using Topography to Meet Wildlife and Fuels Treatment Objectives in Fire-Suppressed Landscapes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem management; Fuels treatment; Prescribed fire; Restoration; Sierra Nevada; Threatened and endangered species ID SIERRAN MIXED-CONIFER; INCIDENT RADIATION; FOREST STRUCTURE; HEAT LOAD; NEVADA; CALIFORNIA; USA; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS; SEVERITY AB Past forest management practices, fire suppression, and climate change are increasing the need to actively manage California Sierra Nevada forests for multiple environmental amenities. Here we present a relatively low-cost, repeatable method for spatially parsing the landscape to help the U.S. Forest Service manage for different forest and fuel conditions to meet multiple goals relating to sensitive species, fuels reduction, forest products, water, carbon storage, and ecosystem restoration. Using the Kings River area of the Sierra Nevada as a case study, we create areas of topographically-based units, Landscape Management Units (LMUs) using a three by three matrix (canyon, mid-slope, ridge-top and northerly, southerly, and neutral aspects). We describe their size, elevation, slope, aspect, and their difference in inherent wetness and solar radiation. We assess the predictive value and field applicability of LMUs by using existing data on stand conditions and two sensitive wildlife species. Stand conditions varied significantly between LMUs, with canyons consistently having the greatest stem and snag densities. Pacific fisher (Martes pennanti) activity points (from radio telemetry) and California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) nests, roosts, and sightings were both significantly different from uniform, with a disproportionate number of observations in canyons, and fewer than expected on ridge-tops. Given the distinct characteristics of the LMUs, these units provide a relatively simple but ecologically meaningful template for managers to spatially allocate forest treatments, thereby meeting multiple National Forest objectives. These LMUs provide a framework that can potentially be applied to other fire-dependent western forests with steep topographic relief. C1 [Underwood, Emma C.; Viers, Joshua H.; Quinn, James F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [North, Malcolm] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Davis, CA 95618 USA. RP Underwood, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM eunderwoodrussell@ucdavis.edu OI /0000-0001-7957-7942 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Regional Office FX We thank Peter Stine at the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station and Craig Thompson and Carolyn Hunsaker for fisher telemetry data and vegetation data respectively. We are also grateful to Ross Gerrard and Seth Bigelow at the Sierra Nevada Research Center and Ryan Boynton at the Information Center for the Environment at UC Davis. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, Regional Office. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 46 IS 5 BP 809 EP 819 DI 10.1007/s00267-010-9556-5 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 669OO UT WOS:000283360300014 PM 20872142 ER PT J AU Duringer, JM Swan, LR Walker, DB Craig, AM AF Duringer, Jennifer M. Swan, Laurence R. Walker, Douglas B. Craig, A. Morrie TI Acute aquatic toxicity of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) foliage and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood oils SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Acute aquatic toxicity; Western juniper; Juniperus occidentalis; Port Orford cedar; Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ID ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY; EXTRACTS; WOOD; ANTIBACTERIAL AB Recently, interest has developed for using essential oils from Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) foliage and Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) heartwood in commercial products such as pest repellents and cosmetics. In order to gauge the relative toxicological risk that these oils pose to freshwater and marine organisms, the acute aquatic toxicity of these oils was evaluated using OPPTS guidelines to the cladoceran Daphnia magna, the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. For western juniper foliage oil, no toxicity was exhibited toward D. magna or O. mykiss, even at 5.0 mg/L (the highest concentration tested and limit of solubility). For toxicity to S. capricornutum using algal cell density, the 72 and 96 h EC(50) value was 1.7 mg/L and the no observable effect concentration (NOEC) was 0.63 mg/L. For Port Orford cedar heartwood oil, no toxicity was exhibited toward O. mykiss or S. capricornutum, even at 5.0 mg/L (the highest concentration tested and limit of solubility). The 48-h D. magna EC(50) value was 1.9 mg/L; the NOEC values for algal cell density were 1.25 mg/L (72 h) and 0.63 mg/L (96 h). In summary, this study shows that western juniper foliage and Port Orford cedar heartwood oils demonstrate little to no risk to aquatic organisms. C1 [Duringer, Jennifer M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Swan, Laurence R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Klamath Falls, OR 97601 USA. [Walker, Douglas B.] Essex Labs, Chehalis, WA 98532 USA. [Craig, A. Morrie] Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Duringer, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, 139 Oak Creek Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Jennifer.Duringer@oregonstate.edu RI Duringer, Jennifer/B-5451-2009; Craig, A. Morrie/J-5857-2013 FU Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station; Rose City Archery, Myrtle Point OR FX The authors would like to thank the scientists at the Dow Corning Corporation, Auburn, MI, USA for carrying out the environmental toxicity assays, specifically Renee Jezowski and Kurt Drottar. Funding for this study was provided by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and Rose City Archery, Myrtle Point OR. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 170 IS 1-4 BP 585 EP 598 DI 10.1007/s10661-009-1259-0 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657PD UT WOS:000282423800048 PM 20033284 ER PT J AU Bassett, MJ Miklas, PN Caldas, GV Blair, MW AF Bassett, Mark J. Miklas, Phillip N. Caldas, Gina V. Blair, Matthew W. TI A dominant gene for garnet brown seed coats at the Rk locus in 'Dorado' common bean and mapping Rk to linkage group 1 SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Seed-coat genetics; Multiple allelism; Red kidney-beans; Linkage mapping; Phaseolus vulgaris ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; COLOR; GENOTYPE AB The color of the seed coats of 'Dorado' (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is garnet brown (dark red kidney bean color) and differs from most other dry bean varieties in the Honduran red bean market class. A genetic investigation of the color of 'Dorado' (same as DOR364) and G19833 (Liborino market class) seed coats was conducted. Crosses with genetic tester stocks demonstrated that the gene for garnet brown (GB) in 'Dorado' was not allelic with the R gene for dominant red (oxblood) seed coat. An allelism test between the 'Dorado' gene for GB seed coat and the rk (drv) gene for recessive expression of GB demonstrated allelism. We propose the gene symbol for Rk (r) for the 'Dorado' GB seed coat color gene. Rk (r) expresses partial dominance over Rk, where Rk (r)/Rk expresses a paler and highly variable intermediate red color. The interactions of Rk (r), rk (drv), and c (u) are discussed. Segregation analysis in the mapping population made up of DOR364 (same as 'Dorado') x G19833 recombinant inbred lines showed that the Rk (r) gene mapped to linkage group 1. The new allele at Rk was located at a distance of 17 cM from the RFLP marker Bng130 with a LOD > 3.0. C1 [Bassett, Mark J.] Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Miklas, Phillip N.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Caldas, Gina V.; Blair, Matthew W.] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Medley, FL 33166 USA. RP Bassett, MJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mark@righteousindignation.com NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PD NOV PY 2010 VL 176 IS 2 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10681-010-0247-3 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 668EY UT WOS:000283252600014 ER PT J AU Stahl, G Gove, JH Williams, MS Ducey, MJ AF Stahl, Goran Gove, Jeffrey H. Williams, Michael S. Ducey, Mark J. TI Critical length sampling: a method to estimate the volume of downed coarse woody debris SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Critical height sampling; Dead wood; Forest inventory; Relascope sampling; Simulation ID LINE INTERSECT; RELASCOPE AB In this paper, critical length sampling for estimating the volume of downed coarse woody debris is presented. Using this method, the volume of downed wood in a stand can be estimated by summing the critical lengths of down logs included in a sample obtained using a relascope or wedge prism; typically, the instrument should be tilted 90A degrees from its usual orientation in sampling live trees. The critical length of a downed tree is the length of the log section large enough in diameter to be counted from the selected sample point. A simulation study was conducted to compare critical length sampling with diameter relascope sampling and perpendicular distance sampling. For the population studied, diameter relascope sampling tended to have the smallest variance but exhibited a small design-bias. By combining critical length sampling with critical height sampling-a method previously described for estimating the volume of standing trees-the total volume of dead wood in a stand can be estimated using the same basic principle. One use of the combined method might be in rapid in-place inventories where a quick estimate of the volume of dead wood is needed for biodiversity management purposes. The combined critical length/height method provides a relatively simple means for obtaining such estimates. C1 [Stahl, Goran] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Gove, Jeffrey H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Williams, Michael S.] USDA APHIS VS NSU, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ducey, Mark J.] Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Stahl, G (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. EM Goran.Stahl@srh.slu.se RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State [2003-35101-13646] FX Mary Dellenbaugh provided valuable editorial comments. The project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State. Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2003-35101-13646. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOREST RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 129 IS 6 BP 993 EP 1000 DI 10.1007/s10342-010-0382-3 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 666XL UT WOS:000283155900002 ER PT J AU Rayamajhi, MB Pratt, PD Center, TD Van, TK AF Rayamajhi, Min B. Pratt, Paul D. Center, Ted D. Van, Thai K. TI Exotic tree leaf litter accumulation and mass loss dynamics compared with two sympatric native species in south Florida, USA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE C/N ratio; Exotic plants; Invasive trees; Melaleuca quinquenervia; Pine needles; Sawgrass leaves ID LONG-TERM DECOMPOSITION; SCOTS PINE FOREST; MELALEUCA-QUINQUENERVIA; ORGANIC-MATTER; NUTRIENT RELEASE; NEEDLE LITTER; PLANT LITTER; SOIL; TURNOVER; QUALITY AB The exotic tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) forms dense forests usually characterized by low plant diversities and dense litter biomass accumulations on forest floors of ecologically sensitive ecosystems, including portions of the Florida Everglades. We quantified litter accumulation in mature melaleuca stands and compared decomposition rates of melaleuca leaves with a sympatric native plant, either Cladium jamaicense (sawgrass) in sawgrass marshes or Pinus elliottii (slash pine) in pine flatwoods habitats that varied in soil types. Total litter accumulation in mature melaleuca forests prior to June 1997 ranged from 12.27 to 25.63 Mg ha(-1). Overall, melaleuca leaves decomposed faster in organically rich versus arenaceous soils. Decomposition rates were lower for melaleuca leaves than for sawgrass in both melaleuca-invaded and uninvaded sawgrass marshes. In arenaceous soils of pine flatwoods, melaleuca leaf and pine needle decomposition rates were similar. Complete mineralization of sawgrass leaves occurred after 258 weeks, whereas melaleuca leaves had up to 14% and pine foliage had up to 19% of the original biomass remaining after 322 weeks. Total carbon (C) in intact decomposing leaves varied slightly, but total nitrogen (N) steadily increased for all three species; the greatest being a fourfold in sawgrass. Increases in N concentrations caused decreases in the C/N ratios of all species but remained within an optimal range (20-30) in sawgrass resulting in higher decomposition rates compared to melaleuca leaves and pine needles (C/N ratio > 30). Slower decomposition of melaleuca leaves results in denser litter layers that may negatively affect recruitment of other plant species and impede their establishment in invaded communities. C1 [Rayamajhi, Min B.; Pratt, Paul D.; Center, Ted D.; Van, Thai K.] ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rayamajhi, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. EM min.rayamajhi@ars.usda.gov FU Dade County Department of Environmental Resource Management; South Florida Water Management District FX We acknowledge the technical assistance of Jorge Leidi and Reynaldo Moscat in USDA/ARS, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. We are particularly indebted to Christopher Grieshop and many other AmeriCorps Volunteers program of the Student Conservation Association for assistance in establishing the permanent plots and data collection. We also acknowledge the constructive comments and criticism of the reviewers who helped improve overall quality of this article. We thank Dade County Department of Environmental Resource Management and South Florida Water Management District for providing research sites and financial support, respectively. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-4669 J9 EUR J FOREST RES JI Eur. J. For. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 129 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1168 DI 10.1007/s10342-010-0404-1 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 666XL UT WOS:000283155900017 ER PT J AU Liang, L Chantry, C Styne, DM Stephensen, CB AF Liang, Lisa Chantry, Caroline Styne, Dennis M. Stephensen, Charles B. TI Prevalence and risk factors for vitamin D deficiency among healthy infants and young children in Sacramento, California SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Vitamin D; Infant; Plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D; Infant feeding ID BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA; MILK; SUPPLEMENTATION; INHIBITION; PREVENTION; FORMULA; DISEASE AB This cross-sectional study assessed vitamin D status of healthy infants and young children undergoing routine care in a medical center pediatric clinic in Sacramento, CA, and evaluated associations of status with markers of vitamin D function. Such data have not recently been reported from similar locations with sunny climates that should minimize risk of deficiency. Exposures included diet, supplement use, and sun exposure, and outcomes included plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and eight markers of immune activation. The median age of the 173 subjects was 12 months (range, 6-19); 49% were female. The median 25(OH)D was 85 nmol/l (range, 9-198); five subjects (2.9%) had < 27.5 nmol/l, indicative of deficiency; 14 (8.1%) had < 50 nmol/l, and 49 (28.3%) had < 75 nmol/l. Most subjects (154; 89%) received some vitamin-D-fortified cow's milk or formula while 19 (11%) received breast milk as the only milk source. Breastfeeding was associated with risk of vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001). Subjects with 25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol/l had elevated PTH (p = 0.007). Only four of 35 breastfed infants (11%) consuming < 500 ml/day vitamin-D-fortified formula or milk received vitamin D supplements. Plasma interleukin (IL)-1 beta was significantly higher (p = 0.036) in infants in the highest vs. lowest 25(OH)D decile. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that vitamin D deficiency with elevated PTH remains a risk for breastfed subjects not receiving supplemental vitamin D even in a region with a sunny, temperate climate. Strategies to improve supplementation should be sought. C1 [Stephensen, Charles B.] Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chantry, Caroline; Styne, Dennis M.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liang, Lisa] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Nutr Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Liang, Lisa] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Stephensen, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM charles.stephensen@ars.usda.gov FU National Institutes of Health [P60MD0222]; Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture [5306-51530-006-00D] FX The authors thank student volunteers who helped with the study, staff at the University of California, Davis Medical Center Pediatric Clinic for accommodating our study, and the subjects and their caregivers for participating. This work was supported by grant P60MD0222 from the National Institutes of Health and by Project # 5306-51530-006-00D of the Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-6199 J9 EUR J PEDIATR JI Eur. J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 169 IS 11 BP 1337 EP 1344 DI 10.1007/s00431-010-1226-3 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 653MR UT WOS:000282096100006 PM 20532799 ER PT J AU Webb, KM Garcia, E Cruz, CMV Leach, JE AF Webb, Kimberly M. Garcia, Epifania Vera Cruz, Casiana M. Leach, Jan E. TI Influence of rice development on the function of bacterial blight resistance genes SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aggressiveness; Avirulence/effector gene; Oryza sativa; Virulence; Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ID ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE; PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS; AVIRULENCE GENES; CULTIVARS; XA3/XA26; FAMILY; RUST AB Disease resistance genes most commonly used in breeding programs are single, dominant genes with relative effectiveness that is sometimes influenced by plant developmental stage. Knowing the developmental stages at which a resistance gene is functional is important for disease management. In rice, resistance at the seedling stage is crucial, because wounding during transplanting increases the potential for bacterial blight disease, and not all bacterial blight resistance genes are effective at the seedling stage. Effectiveness of the bacterial blight resistance genes Xa4, xa5, and Xa7, all in a common genetic background, was evaluated at different developmental stages by measuring lesion length and bacterial numbers after inoculation with the bacterial pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The Xa4 and xa5 genes controlled disease at all growth stages. In contrast, Xa7 was not fully functional in very young seedlings, but was completely effective by 21 days after sowing (das). The effects of plant developmental stage on interactions of the Xa7 gene with X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains carrying different mutant avrXa7 alleles were also tested. If a partial or fully functional avrXa7 allele was present, Xa7 resistance was effective at all growth stages tested after the transplant stage (> 21 das). C1 [Leach, Jan E.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Webb, Kimberly M.] ARS, USDA, Sugarbeet Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Webb, Kimberly M.; Garcia, Epifania; Vera Cruz, Casiana M.] Int Rice Res Inst, Los Banos, Philippines. RP Leach, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jan.leach@colostate.edu FU Asia Rice Foundation; James B. Person Fellowship; Generation Challenge Program; USAID; Colorado State Agricultural Experiment Station FX We would like to thank Tim Todd, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, who assisted in statistical data analysis. We also thank Florencio Balenson and Flavio Maghirang from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in helping to maintain experiments and data collection. Travel for K. M. Webb to collect data was supported by the Asia Rice Foundation and the James B. Person Fellowship. This research was supported by the Generation Challenge Program, a USAID Linkage Project, and the Colorado State Agricultural Experiment Station. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 128 IS 3 BP 399 EP 407 DI 10.1007/s10658-010-9668-z PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 657RM UT WOS:000282430000012 ER PT J AU Li, QA Li, Y Li, H Wang, YN Xu, DH AF Li, Qiang Li, Ying Li, Hua Wang, Yi-Nan Xu, De-Hai TI Production, characterization and application of monoclonal antibody to spherulocytes: A subpopulation of coelomocytes of Apostichopus japonicus SO FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apostichopus japonicus; Coelomocyte; Spherulocyte; Monoclonal antibody ID PENAEUS-MONODON; HEMOCYTES; COELOMOCYTES; COMPONENTS; EDULIS; ADULT AB One monoclonal antibody (mAb 3F6) against coelomocytes of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was developed by immunization of Balb/C mice. Analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay test (IIFAT), immunocytochemical assay (ICA). Western blotting and fluorescenceactivated cell sorter (FACS), mAb 3F6 showed specific for spherulocytes of A. japonicus. The mAb 3F6 recognized an antigen of molecular weight 136 kDa in Western blotting. Isotype analysis revealed mAb 3F6 as IgG type. The flow cytometry assay confirmed the microscopy observations and showed coelomocytes positive to mAb 3F6. The antigencity of haemocytes or coelomocytes of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, Scapharca subcrenata, Asterina pectinifera, Asterias rollestoni, Ruditapes philipinarum, Patinopecten yessoensis and Mytilus edulis was compared and the result showed that none of them was positive with mAb 3F6. Most of cells free in polian vesicle were positive with mAb 3F6. The positive cells are in spherical shape, 5-7 mu m in diameter, smaller than coelomic spherulocytes of A. japonicus. The result of immunofluorescent staining with cells in hemal vessel showed that there were strong positive signals on cytoplasm of some spherical cells with diameter of 7-8 mu m. Some other cells with higher nucelo-plasmic ratio, about 5-6 mu m in diameter showed weak positive signals on membrane. Immunohistochemistry assay revealed that positive signals were mostly observed in the lumen structure of rete mirabile and haemocoel of the respiratory tree. In addition, the outer epidermis of body wall and tentacle also showed positive. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Qiang; Li, Ying; Li, Hua; Wang, Yi-Nan] Dalian Ocean Univ, PRC, Minist Agr, Key Lab Mariculture, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Xu, De-Hai] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Dalian Ocean Univ, PRC, Minist Agr, Key Lab Mariculture, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. EM cecilia52@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800853]; Educational Commission [2008144]; National Key Projects; National Science & Technology Pillar Program [2006BAD09A01]; National 908 Special Projects [908-ZH-03] FX This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800853), Educational Commission Project of Liaoning (2008144), National Key Projects, National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the eleventh Five-Year-Plan period (2006BAD09A01), National 908 Special Projects (908-ZH-03). NR 22 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1050-4648 J9 FISH SHELLFISH IMMUN JI Fish Shellfish Immunol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 5 BP 832 EP 838 DI 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.07.024 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Immunology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 658DM UT WOS:000282470400018 PM 20659565 ER PT J AU Qu, WJ Ma, HL Pan, ZL Luo, L Wang, ZB He, RH AF Qu, Wenjuan Ma, Haile Pan, Zhongli Luo, Lin Wang, Zhenbin He, Ronghai TI Preparation and antihypertensive activity of peptides from Porphyra yezoensis SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Porphyra yezoensis; Peptide; Protein; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Central composite design; Antihypertensive activity ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITY; HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS; INHIBITORY PEPTIDES; SARDINE MUSCLE; MILK; POLYSACCHARIDE; HYDROLYZATE; ACE AB This research was to develop a antihypertensive peptide, an efficient angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACEI), from Porphyra yezoensis. Seven commercial enzymes were screened and then enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were optimised. The results showed that alcalase was the most effective for hydrolysis and its optimum conditions for achieving the highest antihypertensive activity of peptide were 1.5% substrate, 5% alcalase, pH 9.0, and temperature of 50 degrees C at a hydrolysis time of 60 min. The antihypertensive peptide produced under the optimum conditions had a high ACE inhibition rate of 55.0% and a low IC(50) value of 1.6 g/l and remained at high stability at temperatures of 4, 25, and 37 degrees C, pH values of 2.0 and 8.0, and after pepsin and trypsin treatments. Major proteins from P. yezoensis were glutelin, albumin, and gliadin. The albumin and glutelin had higher hydrolysis rates than the gliadin, but the IC(50) value of glutelin was the lowest, which indicated that the antihypertensive peptide from glutelin was more functional. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qu, Wenjuan; Ma, Haile; Luo, Lin; Wang, Zhenbin; He, Ronghai] Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ma, Haile] Jiangsu Prov Res Ctr Bioproc & Separat Engn Agri, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Pan, Zhongli] ARS, USDA, W Reg Res Ctr, Processed Foods Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Qu, Wenjuan; Pan, Zhongli] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ma, HL (reprint author), Jiangsu Univ, Sch Food & Biol Engn, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM mhl@ujs.edu.cn; Zhongli.Pan@ars.usda.gov FU Key Project of National 863 Plan of China [2007AA10Z321, 2007AA100404]; Haian County Lanbo Co., Ltd. FX The authors wish to thank for the supports from grant (2007AA10Z321, 2007AA100404) of the Key Project of National 863 Plan of China (Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China) and Haian County Lanbo Co., Ltd. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 123 IS 1 BP 14 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.091 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618YA UT WOS:000279390900003 ER PT J AU Lee, JM AF Lee, Jungmin TI Degradation kinetics of grape skin and seed proanthocyanidins in a model wine system SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Proanthocyanidin; Flavanol; Skin tannin; Seed tannin; Photoreaction; Oxidation; Phloroglucinol; Oxygenation; Pinot noir; Condensed tannins ID MOUTH-FEEL PROPERTIES; PHENOLIC REACTIONS; OXIDATION; (+)-CATECHIN; TANNINS; ACID; EPIGALLOCATECHIN; ANTHOCYANINS; POLYPHENOLS; PIGMENTS AB Catechin (monomer), purified grape skin proanthocyanidin (polymer), and purified grape seed proanthocyanidin underwent monitored accelerated oxidation under continuous oxygenation and UV light, at a constant 20 degrees C. Compounds were dissolved in model wine solutions with (and without) catechol. Solutions were examined and then contrasted by absorbance measurements, phloroglucinolysis, and subsequent HPLC analysis. Oxidation of these monomers and polymers revealed significant colour changes (measurable increase in colour density). The presence of catechol increased the half-life of catechin, but the opposite was observed for total skin and seed proanthocyanidins. Skin and seed proanthocyanidin degradation half-life decreased with the addition of catechol. In general, based on second order rate reactions, total subunits of seed proanthocyanidin solutions degraded faster than that of skin proanthocyanidin solutions. As expected, there were decreases of measurable phenolics in both monomer and polymer solutions. Under the study conditions, flavanol monomer and polymer oxidation was chiefly dependant upon initial solution concentration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, USDA, Parma, ID 83660 USA. RP Lee, JM (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit Worksite, USDA, 29603 U I Ln, Parma, ID 83660 USA. EM jungmin.lee@ars.usda.gov RI Lee, Jungmin/G-6555-2013 OI Lee, Jungmin/0000-0002-8660-9444 FU Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research (NCSFR, Corvallis, OR, USA); USDA-ARS (Agricultural Research Service) CRIS [5358-21000-041-00D] FX We thank Mr. Chris Rennaker (USDA) for technical assistance and Dr. Jim Kennedy (formerly Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA) for initial discussion. This project was supported by Northwest Center for Small Fruits Research (NCSFR, Corvallis, OR, USA) and USDA-ARS (Agricultural Research Service) CRIS number 5358-21000-041-00D. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 123 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.126 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 618YA UT WOS:000279390900008 ER PT J AU Yossa, N Patel, J Miller, P Lo, YM AF Yossa, Nadine Patel, Jitendra Miller, Patricia Lo, Y. Martin TI Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in organic soil SO FOOD CONTROL LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157:H7; Essential oils; Eugenol; Cinnamaldehyde; Vinegar; Soil ID CINNAMOMUM-OSMOPHLOEUM; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; IRRIGATION WATER; CONSTITUENTS; INHIBITION; O157-H7; MANURE; SPICES AB Soil can be a significant source of preharvest contamination of produce by pathogens. Demand for natural pesticides such as essential oils for organic farming continues to increase. We examined the antimicrobial activity of several essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soil. Two essential oils (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol), two bio-pesticides (Ecotrol and Sporan) containing essential oils, and an organic acid (acetic acid) at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, were mixed with organic sandy soil and inoculated with five different strains of E. coli O157:H7. Soils were incubated at room temperature (22 degrees C) and samples obtained at 1, 7 and 28 days were enumerated to determine survival. E. coli O157:H7 populations in soil were reduced by up to 5 log cfu/g after 24 h incubation at room temperature with 2% cinnamanaldehyde, Ecotrol, Sporan or vinegar. Reduction in E. coli O157:H7 by eugenol was not significantly different from control. Overall, E. coli O157:H7 strain 4406 was the most sensitive of all the five strains tested and cinnamaldehyde was superior to other treatments in reducing E. coli O157:H7 in soil. In general, increases in essential oil concentrations corresponded to reduced survival of E. coli O157:H7 with all oils used in this study. The results suggest that oils can reduce potential contamination of fresh organic produce inadvertently contaminated by soil. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patel, Jitendra] ARS, USDA, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Yossa, Nadine; Lo, Y. Martin] Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patel, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Environm & Microbial Food Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E,Bldg 201, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jitu.patel@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-7135 EI 1873-7129 J9 FOOD CONTROL JI Food Control PD NOV PY 2010 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1458 EP 1465 DI 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.03.016 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 638XM UT WOS:000280932100006 ER PT J AU Scott, MC Bannantine, JP Kaneko, Y Branscum, AJ Whitlock, RH Mori, Y Speer, CA Eda, S AF Scott, Mary C. Bannantine, John P. Kaneko, Yumiko Branscum, Adam J. Whitlock, Robert H. Mori, Yasuyuki Speer, Clarence A. Eda, Shigetoshi TI Absorbed EVELISA: A Diagnostic Test with Improved Specificity for Johne's Disease in Cattle SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AVIUM SUBSP-PARATUBERCULOSIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL MYCOBACTERIA; FECAL CULTURE; DAIRY-CATTLE; ELISA; SENSITIVITY; SERUM; ASSOCIATION AB The use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is recommended for Johne's disease (JD) control in dairy herds. In 2006, we developed a novel ELISA test for JD, named EVELISA (ELISA using ethanol extract of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis), which showed higher sensitivity than commercial ELISA tests. To further investigate the performance of EVELISA, we obtained 38 serum samples from cattle in a JD-free herd with suspected cases of serological false-positive reactions. When these samples were tested using the EVELISA and a commercial ELISA test, more than 70% of the samples were falsely identified as JD positive. Antibodies in the serum samples reacted strongly with antigens of various environmental mycobacteria, suggesting the presence of cross-reactive antibodies in the samples. The possible cross reactions in the EVELISA were inhibited markedly by the use of Mycobacterium phlei antigens for antibody absorption. When these samples were tested, 8 samples were classified as positive for JD by the EVELISA with the antibody absorption, whereas 27 samples were classified as positive for JD by the commercial ELISA. For an estimation of tentative sensitivity and specificity, the ELISA tests were performed on 38 serum samples from JD-negative herds with no suspected cases of serological false-positive reaction and 68 samples from cattle diagnosed as positive for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection by fecal culture test. Sensitivity and specificity of the EVELISA with preabsorption of serum with M. phlei ("ethanol vortex absorbed-ELISA" or EVA-ELISA) were estimated to be 97.1% and 100%, respectively, whereas those of the commercial ELISA were 48.5% and 97.4%, respectively. Further, in 85 fecal culture-negative cattle in JD-positive herds, higher sensitivity of the EVA-ELISA than the commercial ELISA was demonstrated by a Bayesian analysis. This study indicates that the EVA-ELISA may form a basis for a sensitive diagnostic test with a higher level of specificity than that of the current commercial ELISA test. C1 [Scott, Mary C.; Kaneko, Yumiko; Speer, Clarence A.; Eda, Shigetoshi] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Bannantine, John P.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. [Branscum, Adam J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Biostat, Lexington, KY USA. [Branscum, Adam J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Stat, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Branscum, Adam J.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Epidemiol, Lexington, KY USA. [Whitlock, Robert H.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. [Mori, Yasuyuki] Natl Inst Anim Hlth, Res Team ParaTB, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Eda, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Wildlife Hlth, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, 274 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM seda@utk.edu OI Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture/National Research Initiative/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2007-3504-18462]; JD Integrated Program [2008-55620-18710] FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/National Research Initiative/Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (2007-3504-18462 to S.E.) and JD Integrated Program (2008-55620-18710 to S.E.). NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 EI 1556-7125 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1291 EP 1296 DI 10.1089/fpd.2010.0541 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 675QP UT WOS:000283845800002 PM 20704508 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Rudie, A Cal, ZY AF Yu, Yan Rudie, Alan Cal, Zhiyong TI Preliminary Study on Flakeboard Panels Made from Aspen Slash Wood SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB The disposal of forest-thinning residue is one of the major problems for sustainable forest management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical possibility of utilizing aspen logging slash wood with a diameter ranging from 50 to 76 mm for flakeboard production. Influences of weight ratio between slash wood and commercial flakes on the selected mechanical and physical properties of panels were examined. The need of an extra debarking process for panel fabrication was also evaluated. The results indicated the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding, linear expansion (LE), thickness swelling (TS), and water adsorption of flakeboard made from aspen slash wood flakes were all comparable to those properties of panels made from aspen commercial flakes. The flake weight ratio between slash wood and commercial flakes had little impact on panel MOE, MOR, and LE. The statistical analysis (analysis of variance, P < 0.05) showed that the TS of panels made from 100 percent slash wood (22.8%) was significantly lower than the IS of panels made from a mixture of slash wood and commercial flakes or from 100 percent commercial flakes. The results indicate abundant slash wood, which is normally characterized by inferior mechanical and physical properties, could be a valuable resource for commercially available structural panel products. C1 [Yu, Yan] Int Ctr Bamboo & Rattan, Dept Biomat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yan; Rudie, Alan; Cal, Zhiyong] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Yu, Y (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. EM yuyan@icbr.ac.cn; arudie@fs.fed.us; zcai@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 60 IS 7-8 BP 605 EP 609 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA V22NG UT WOS:000208281300006 ER PT J AU Fullerton, AH Burnett, KM Steel, EA Flitcroft, RL Pess, GR Feist, BE Torgersen, CE Miller, DJ Sanderson, BL AF Fullerton, A. H. Burnett, K. M. Steel, E. A. Flitcroft, R. L. Pess, G. R. Feist, B. E. Torgersen, C. E. Miller, D. J. Sanderson, B. L. TI Hydrological connectivity for riverine fish: measurement challenges and research opportunities SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE migratory fish; movement barriers; river network; spatial structure ID PSEUDOMUGIL-SIGNIFER PSEUDOMUGILIDAE; COASTAL CUTTHROAT TROUT; 2 LOWLAND RIVERS; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPATIAL VARIATION; SPECIES RICHNESS; EXTINCTION RISK; BULL TROUT; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AB P>1. In this review, we first summarize how hydrologic connectivity has been studied for riverine fish capable of moving long distances, and then identify research opportunities that have clear conservation significance. Migratory species, such as anadromous salmonids, are good model organisms for understanding ecological connectivity in rivers because the spatial scale over which movements occur among freshwater habitats is large enough to be easily observed with available techniques; they are often economically or culturally valuable with habitats that can be easily fragmented by human activities; and they integrate landscape conditions from multiple surrounding catchment(s) with in-river conditions. Studies have focussed on three themes: (i) relatively stable connections (connections controlled by processes that act over broad spatio-temporal scales > 1000 km2 and > 100 years); (ii) dynamic connections (connections controlled by processes acting over fine to moderate spatio-temporal scales similar to 1-1000 km2 and < 1-100 years); and (iii) anthropogenic influences on hydrologic connectivity, including actions that disrupt or enhance natural connections experienced by fish. 2. We outline eight challenges to understanding the role of connectivity in riverine fish ecology, organized under three foci: (i) addressing the constraints of river structure; (ii) embracing temporal complexity in hydrologic connectivity; and (iii) managing connectivity for riverine fishes. Challenges include the spatial structure of stream networks, the force and direction of flow, scale-dependence of connectivity, shifting boundaries, complexity of behaviour and life histories and quantifying anthropogenic influence on connectivity and aligning management goals. As we discuss each challenge, we summarize relevant approaches in the literature and provide additional suggestions for improving research and management of connectivity for riverine fishes. 3. Specifically, we suggest that rapid advances are possible in the following arenas: (i) incorporating network structure and river discharge into analyses; (ii) increasing explicit consideration of temporal complexity and fish behaviour in the scope of analyses; and (iii) parsing degrees of human and natural influences on connectivity and defining acceptable alterations. Multiscale analyses are most likely to identify dominant patterns of connections and disconnections, and the appropriate scale at which to focus conservation activities. C1 [Fullerton, A. H.; Pess, G. R.; Feist, B. E.; Sanderson, B. L.] NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Flitcroft, R. L.] USDA Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR USA. [Burnett, K. M.; Flitcroft, R. L.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Steel, E. A.] USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA USA. [Torgersen, C. E.] USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn, Seattle, WA USA. [Miller, D. J.] Earth Syst Inst, Seattle, WA USA. RP Fullerton, AH (reprint author), NOAA NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA USA. EM aimee.fullerton@noaa.gov OI Feist, Blake/0000-0001-5215-4878 FU Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Peter Kiffney, Belinda Robson, Phil Roni and two anonymous referees for critical reviews of the manuscript, and Kathryn Ronnenberg for help with Fig. 2 and technical review. Funding for this work was provided to AHF by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center's Internal Grants Program. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 212 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 12 U2 138 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2215 EP 2237 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02448.x PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 661BU UT WOS:000282698800001 ER PT J AU Xu, CL Letcher, BH Nislow, KH AF Xu, Cailin Letcher, Benjamin H. Nislow, Keith H. TI Context-specific influence of water temperature on brook trout growth rates in the field SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brook trout; density dependence; season-specific growth; stream flow; water temperature ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; CHARR SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; PISCIVOROUS BROWN TROUT; AGE-0 ATLANTIC SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDIVIDUAL GROWTH; ARCTIC CHARR; FRESH-WATER; PREY CONSUMPTION AB P>1. Modelling the effects of climate change on freshwater fishes requires robust field-based estimates accounting for interactions among multiple factors. 2. We used data from an 8-year individual-based study of a wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) population to test the influence of water temperature on season-specific growth in the context of variation in other environmental (i.e. season, stream flow) or biotic factors (local brook trout biomass density and fish age and size) in West Brook, a third-order stream in western Massachusetts, U.S.A. 3. Changes in ambient temperature influenced individual growth rates. In general, higher temperatures were associated with higher growth rates in winter and spring and lower growth rates in summer and autumn. However, the effect of temperature on growth was strongly context-dependent, differing in both magnitude and direction as a function of season, stream flow and fish biomass density. 4. We found that stream flow and temperature had strong and complex interactive effects on trout growth. At the coldest temperatures (in winter), high stream flows were associated with reduced trout growth rates. During spring and autumn and in typical summers (when water temperatures were close to growth optima), higher flows were associated with increased growth rates. In addition, the effect of flow at a given temperature (the flow-temperature interaction) differed among seasons. 5. Trout density negatively affected growth rate and had strong interactions with temperature in two of four seasons (i.e. spring and summer) with greater negative effects at high temperatures. 6. Our study provided robust, integrative field-based estimates of the effects of temperature on growth rates for a species which serves as a model organism for cold-water adapted ectotherms facing the consequences of environmental change. Results of the study strongly suggest that failure to derive season-specific estimates, or to explicitly consider interactions with flow regime and fish density, will seriously compromise our ability to predict the effects of climate change on stream fish growth rates. Further, the concordance we found between empirical observations and likely energetic mechanisms suggests that our general results should be relevant at broader spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Xu, Cailin] Univ Massachusetts, Nat Conservancy Connecticut River Program, AG Annex A, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Xu, Cailin; Letcher, Benjamin H.] US Geol Survey, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Leetown Sci Ctr, Turners Falls, MA USA. [Nislow, Keith H.] Univ Massachusetts, USDA Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Xu, CL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Nat Conservancy Connecticut River Program, AG Annex A, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM cxu@tnc.org FU USGS Conte Fish Research Lab, US Forest Service, Northern Research Unit; Bingham Foundations; Nature Conservancy - Connecticut River Program FX We thank Jason Coombs, Todd Dubreuil, Matthew O'Donnell and Tyler Evans for assistance in the field and for updating and maintaining the database. We thank USGS Conte Fish Research Lab, US Forest Service, Northern Research Unit, the Bingham Foundations, and The Nature Conservancy - Connecticut River Program for support throughout the course of this study. We are very grateful to Dr. Kurt Fausch, Kimberly Lutz, and an anonymous reviewer for their comments on the manuscript. NR 59 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 11 BP 2253 EP 2264 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02430.x PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 661BU UT WOS:000282698800003 ER PT J AU Kaushal, SS Likens, GE Jaworski, NA Pace, ML Sides, AM Seekell, D Belt, KT Secor, DH Wingate, RL AF Kaushal, Sujay S. Likens, Gene E. Jaworski, Norbert A. Pace, Michael L. Sides, Ashley M. Seekell, David Belt, Kenneth T. Secor, David H. Wingate, Rebecca L. TI Rising stream and river temperatures in the United States SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM WATER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; LAND-USE; TRENDS; URBANIZATION; IMPACT AB Water temperatures are increasing in many streams and rivers throughout the US. We analyzed historical records from 40 sites and found that 20 major streams and rivers have shown statistically significant, long-term warming. Annual mean water temperatures increased by 0.009-0.077 degrees C yr(-1), and rates of warming were most rapid in, but not confined to, urbanizing areas. Long-term increases in stream water temperatures were typically correlated with increases in air temperatures. If stream temperatures were to continue to increase at current rates, due to global warming and urbanization, this could have important effects on eutrophication, ecosystem processes such as biological productivity and stream metabolism, contaminant toxicity, and loss of aquatic biodiversity. C1 [Kaushal, Sujay S.; Sides, Ashley M.; Secor, David H.; Wingate, Rebecca L.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Likens, Gene E.; Pace, Michael L.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. [Jaworski, Norbert A.] US EPA, Sanford, FL USA. [Seekell, David] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Burlington, VT USA. [Belt, Kenneth T.] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Baltimore, MD USA. [Belt, Kenneth T.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Kaushal, SS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM kaushal@cbl.umces.edu RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Kaushal, Sujay/G-1062-2013; OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Kaushal, Sujay/0000-0003-0834-9189; Pace, Michael/0000-0001-5945-6131 FU NSF [DBI 0640300, DEB 0454001]; Maryland Sea Grant [SA7528085-U]; NSF LTER [DEB-9714835] FX M Palmer provided helpful comments. Research was supported by NSF DBI 0640300, Maryland Sea Grant SA7528085-U, NSF LTER DEB-9714835, NSF DEB 0454001. Data were provided by: J Cole and MLP (Hudson River), GEL (NSF supported LTER and LTREB at HBEF), NAJ (Potomac River), KTB (BES LTER), W Stack (Gun Powder and Patapsco River), DHS and RLW (Patuxent River), and all additional sites (USGS). D Buso assisted with and managed field measurements at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. R Utz provided watershed information. This paper is scientific contribution number 4338 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. NR 21 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 5 U2 95 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 9 BP 461 EP 466 DI 10.1890/090037 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679KG UT WOS:000284159700016 ER PT J AU Hultine, KR Belnap, J van Riper, C Ehleringer, JR Dennison, PE Lee, ME Nagler, PL Snyder, KA Uselman, SM West, JB AF Hultine, Kevin R. Belnap, Jayne van Riper, Charles, III Ehleringer, James R. Dennison, Philip E. Lee, Martha E. Nagler, Pamela L. Snyder, Keirith A. Uselman, Shauna M. West, Jason B. TI Tamarisk biocontrol in the western United States: ecological and societal implications SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID COTTONWOOD POPULUS-FREMONTII; LOWER COLORADO RIVER; RIPARIAN RESTORATION; DIORHABDA-ELONGATA; WATER-USE; MANAGEMENT; SALTCEDAR; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; ESTABLISHMENT; PERCEPTIONS AB Tamarisk species (genus Tamarix), also commonly known as saltcedar, are among the most successful plant invaders in the western United States. At the same time, tamarisk has been cited as having enormous economic costs. Accordingly, local, state, and federal agencies have undertaken considerable efforts to eradicate this invasive plant and restore riparian habitats to pre-invasion status. Traditional eradication methods, including herbicide treatments, are now considered undesirable, because they are costly and often have unintended negative impacts on native species. A new biological control agent, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata), has been released along many watersheds in the western US, to reduce the extent of tamarisk cover in riparian areas. However, the use of this insect as a biological control agent may have unintended ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic consequences that need to be anticipated by land managers and stakeholders undertaking restoration efforts. Here, we examine the possible ramifications of tamarisk control and offer recommendations to reduce potential negative impacts on valued riparian systems in the western US. C1 [Hultine, Kevin R.; Ehleringer, James R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Belnap, Jayne] US Geol Survey, Canyonlands Res Stn, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Moab, UT USA. [van Riper, Charles, III; Nagler, Pamela L.] US Geol Survey, Sonoran Desert Res Inst, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Dennison, Philip E.] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Lee, Martha E.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Snyder, Keirith A.; Uselman, Shauna M.] ARS, USDA, Reno, NV USA. [West, Jason B.] Texas AgriLife Res, Uvalde, TX USA. [West, Jason B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, Uvalde, TX USA. RP Hultine, KR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM hultine@biology.utah.edu RI West, Jason/G-8833-2012; OI West, Jason/0000-0002-7811-8020; Dennison, Philip/0000-0002-0241-1917 NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 78 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 9 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1890/090031 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679KG UT WOS:000284159700017 ER PT J AU Hobbs, RJ Cole, DN Yung, L Zavaleta, ES Aplet, GH Chapin, FS Landres, PB Parsons, DJ Stephenson, NL White, PS Graber, DM Higgs, ES Millar, CI Randall, JM Tonnessen, KA Woodley, S AF Hobbs, Richard J. Cole, David N. Yung, Laurie Zavaleta, Erika S. Aplet, Gregory H. Chapin, F. Stuart, III Landres, Peter B. Parsons, David J. Stephenson, Nathan L. White, Peter S. Graber, David M. Higgs, Eric S. Millar, Constance I. Randall, John M. Tonnessen, Kathy A. Woodley, Stephen TI Guiding concepts for park and wilderness stewardship in an era of global environmental change SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID PROTECTED AREAS; HUMAN FOOTPRINT; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; WORLD AB The major challenge to stewardship of protected areas is to decide where, when, and how to intervene in physical and biological processes, to conserve what we value in these places. To make such decisions, planners and managers must articulate more clearly the purposes of parks, what is valued, and what needs to be sustained. A key aim for conservation today is the maintenance and restoration of biodiversity, but a broader range of values are also likely to be considered important, including ecological integrity, resilience, historical fidelity (ie the ecosystem appears and functions much as it did in the past), and autonomy of nature. Until recently, the concept of "naturalness" was the guiding principle when making conservation-related decisions in park and wilderness ecosystems. However, this concept is multifaceted and often means different things to different people, including notions of historical fidelity and autonomy from human influence. Achieving the goal of nature conservation intended for such areas requires a clear articulation of management objectives, which must be geared to the realities of the rapid environmental changes currently underway. We advocate a pluralistic approach that incorporates a suite of guiding principles, including historical fidelity, autonomy of nature, ecological integrity, and resilience, as well as managing with humility. The relative importance of these guiding principles will vary, depending on management goals and ecological conditions. C1 [Hobbs, Richard J.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA, Australia. [Cole, David N.; Landres, Peter B.; Parsons, David J.] US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. [Yung, Laurie] Univ Montana, Wilderness Inst, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Zavaleta, Erika S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aplet, Gregory H.] Wilderness Soc, Denver, CO USA. [Chapin, F. Stuart, III] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Stephenson, Nathan L.] US Geol Survey, Western Ecol Res Ctr, Three Rivers, CA USA. [White, Peter S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Graber, David M.] Sequoia & Kings Canyon Natl Pk, Three Rivers, CA USA. [Higgs, Eric S.] Univ Victoria, Sch Environm Studies, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Millar, Constance I.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA USA. [Randall, John M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Randall, John M.] Nature Conservancy, Davis, CA USA. [Tonnessen, Kathy A.] Univ Montana, Coll Forestry & Conservat, Rocky Mt Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Woodley, Stephen] Pk Canada, Ecosyst Sci, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. RP Hobbs, RJ (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Crawley, WA, Australia. EM rhobbs@cyllene.uwa.edu.au RI Hobbs, Richard/F-5883-2010; OI Hobbs, Richard/0000-0003-4047-3147; Chapin III, F Stuart/0000-0002-2558-9910 FU Australian Research Council FX We thank the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute for financial support to run two workshops during 2007-08, which led to the development of the ideas presented here. RJH received support from the Australian Research Council through an ARC Australian Professorial Fellowship. NR 43 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 88 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 9 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1890/090089 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679KG UT WOS:000284159700019 ER PT J AU Osuna-Garcia, JA Doyon, G Salazar-Garcia, S Goenaga, R Gonzalez-Duran, IJL AF Osuna-Garcia, Jorge A. Doyon, Gilles Salazar-Garcia, Samuel Goenaga, Ricardo Gonzalez-Duran, Isidro J. L. TI Effect of harvest date and ripening degree on quality and shelf life of Hass avocado in Mexico SO FRUITS LA English DT Article DE Mexico; Persea americana; fruits; ripening; dry matter content; weight losses; color; peel; firmness ID OIL CONTENT; DRY-MATTER; FRUIT; MATURITY AB Introduction. Canada is an important avocado importer from Mexico. For most of the harvest season, fruit reach adequate pulp dry matter content, ripen properly and, consequently, quality and shelf life are excellent. However, after January, fruit dry matter content increases and blackened skin occurs. Shipments to Canada containing blackened fruit are rejected because this characteristic is wrongly associated with low pulp firmness and short shelf life. The objective of our research was to determine the effect of harvest time and ripening degree on initial quality and shelf life of Hass avocado. Materials and methods. Fruit were harvested from October 2007 to April 2008, and grouped into five ripening categories according to the degree of blackened skin. Fruit were then refrigerated for 7 d to simulate shipment to Canada. Thereafter, fruit were stored under simulated market conditions until they reached the edible ripening stage. Dry matter content was calculated only at the beginning of the storage period while quantification of weight loss, fruit with blackened skin, pulp firmness, and pulp color was done at the beginning of the storage period, at the end of the refrigeration period, and every three days during market conditions. Results and discussion. Dry matter content, skin color and pulp hue angle significantly increased with harvest date and ripening degree. Weight loss decreased with harvest date but increased with ripening degree, while firmness was affected by harvest date but was not associated with ripening degree. Conclusion. There is no reason to reject or downgrade blackened fruit, since quality and shelf life are not affected. C1 [Osuna-Garcia, Jorge A.; Salazar-Garcia, Samuel; Gonzalez-Duran, Isidro J. L.] INIFAP Campo Exp, Santiago Ixcuintla 63300, Nayarit, Mexico. [Doyon, Gilles] Agr Agri Food Canada, Food Res Dev Ctr, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 8E3, Canada. [Goenaga, Ricardo] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Osuna-Garcia, JA (reprint author), INIFAP Campo Exp, AP 100, Santiago Ixcuintla 63300, Nayarit, Mexico. EM osuna.jorgealberto@inifap.gob.mx NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 13 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0248-1294 J9 FRUITS JI Fruits PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 65 IS 6 BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1051/fruits/2010031 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 690IS UT WOS:000284997400005 ER PT J AU Mullen, CA Boateng, AA AF Mullen, Charles A. Boateng, Akwasi A. TI Catalytic pyrolysis-GC/MS of lignin from several sources SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pyrolysis; Catalytic pyrolysis; Lignin; HZSM-5; Cobalt/molybdenum oxides ID BIOMASS; HZSM-5; TRANSFORMATION; HYDROCARBONS; GASOLINE; OIL AB Lignin from four different sources, extracted by various methods, were pyrolyzed at 650 degrees C using analytical pyrolysis methods (Py-GC/MS). Pyrolysis was carried out in the absence and presence of two heterogeneous catalysts, an acidic zeolite (HZSM-5) catalyst and a mixed metal oxide catalyst (CoO/MoO(3)). Non-catalytic Py-GC/MS was used to identify the lignin as characterized by their H-, G- or S-lignin makeup and also served as the control basis to evaluate the effect of the said catalysts on the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from these lignin sources. Experiments show that the selectivity to particular aromatic hydrocarbons varies with the composition of the lignin for both catalysts. The major pathway for hydrocarbon production over HZSM-5 is likely increased depolymerization efficiency that releases and converts the aliphatic linkers of lignin to olefins followed by aromatization. Simple phenols produced from the deconstruction of the lignin polymer are likely to be a source of zeolite deactivation. The CoO/MoO(3) is likely to produce aromatic hydrocarbons through a direct deoxygenation of methoxyphenol units. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mullen, Charles A.; Boateng, Akwasi A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Boateng, AA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM akwasi.boateng@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 168 Z9 173 U1 13 U2 114 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1446 EP 1458 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.05.022 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 659EX UT WOS:000282550900013 ER PT J AU Qi, LL Friebe, B Wu, JJ Gu, YQ Qian, C Gill, BS AF Qi, Lili Friebe, Bernd Wu, Jiajie Gu, Yongqiang Qian, Chen Gill, Bikram S. TI The compact Brachypodium genome conserves centromeric regions of a common ancestor with wheat and rice SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Centromere; Synteny; Brachypodium; Wheat; Rice ID CHROMOSOME-NUMBER REDUCTION; CHLOROPLAST NDHF GENE; DNA-SEQUENCES; RETROTRANSPOSON FAMILY; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CEREAL CHROMOSOMES; POLYPLOID WHEAT; GRASS GENOMICS; DRAFT SEQUENCE AB The evolution of five chromosomes of Brachypodium distachyon from a 12-chromosome ancestor of all grasses by dysploidy raises an interesting question about the fate of redundant centromeres. Three independent but complementary approaches were pursued to study centromeric region homologies among the chromosomes of Brachypodium, wheat, and rice. The genes present in pericentromeres of the basic set of seven chromosomes of wheat and the Triticeae, and the 80 rice centromeric genes spanning the CENH3 binding domain of centromeres 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 were used as "anchor" markers to identify centromere locations in the B. distachyon chromosomes. A total of 53 B. distachyon bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones anchored by wheat pericentromeric expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were used as probes for BAC-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of B. distachyon mitotic chromosomes. Integrated sequence alignment and BAC-FISH data were used to determine the approximate positions of active and inactive centromeres in the five B. distachyon chromosomes. The following syntenic relationships of the centromeres for Brachypodium (Bd), rice (R), and wheat (W) were evident: Bd1 -R6, Bd2-R5-W I, Bd3-R10, Bd4-R11-W4, and Bd5-R4. Six rice centromeres syntenic to five wheat centromeres were inactive in Brachypodium chromosomes. The conservation of centromere gene synteny among several sets of homologous centromeres of three species indicates that active genes can persist in ancient centromeres with more than 40 million years of shared evolutionary history. Annotation of a BAC contig spanning an inactive centromere in chromosome Bd3 which is syntenic to rice Cen8 and W7 pericentromeres, along with BAC FISH data from inactive centromeres revealed that the centromere inactivation was accompanied by the loss of centromeric retrotransposons and turnover of centromere-specific satellites during Bd chromosome evolution. C1 [Qi, Lili] ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Friebe, Bernd; Qian, Chen; Gill, Bikram S.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Wheat Genet & Genom Resources Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wu, Jiajie; Gu, Yongqiang] ARS, Genom & Gene Discovery Res Unit, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Qi, LL (reprint author), ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, 1605 Albrecht Blvd N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM lili.qi@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-NIFA FX We thank Drs. Justin Faris and Brady Vick for critical review of the manuscript, W. John Raupp for editorial assistance, and Duane L. Wilson for excellent technical help. This research was supported by a special USDA-NIFA grant to the Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center. This paper is contribution number 10-282-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 4 BP 477 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s10142-010-0190-3 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 680SN UT WOS:000284254800004 PM 20842403 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, P Neilson, RP Lenihan, JM Drapek, RJ AF Gonzalez, Patrick Neilson, Ronald P. Lenihan, James M. Drapek, Raymond J. TI Global patterns in the vulnerability of ecosystems to vegetation shifts due to climate change SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; biome change; climate change; dynamic global vegetation model; natural resource management; vegetation shifts; vulnerability ID RANGE SHIFTS; LAND; CONSERVATION; RECONSTRUCTION; QUATERNARY; MOUNTAINS; EMISSIONS; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; ECOTONE AB Aim Climate change threatens to shift vegetation, disrupting ecosystems and damaging human well-being. Field observations in boreal, temperate and tropical ecosystems have detected biome changes in the 20th century, yet a lack of spatial data on vulnerability hinders organizations that manage natural resources from identifying priority areas for adaptation measures. We explore potential methods to identify areas vulnerable to vegetation shifts and potential refugia. Location Global vegetation biomes. Methods We examined nine combinations of three sets of potential indicators of the vulnerability of ecosystems to biome change: (1) observed changes of 20th-century climate, (2) projected 21st-century vegetation changes using the MC1 dynamic global vegetation model under three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emissions scenarios, and (3) overlap of results from (1) and (2). Estimating probability density functions for climate observations and confidence levels for vegetation projections, we classified areas into vulnerability classes based on IPCC treatment of uncertainty. Results One-tenth to one-half of global land may be highly (confidence 0.80-0.95) to very highly (confidence >= 0.95) vulnerable. Temperate mixed forest, boreal conifer and tundra and alpine biomes show the highest vulnerability, often due to potential changes in wildfire. Tropical evergreen broadleaf forest and desert biomes show the lowest vulnerability. Main conclusions Spatial analyses of observed climate and projected vegetation indicate widespread vulnerability of ecosystems to biome change. A mismatch between vulnerability patterns and the geographic priorities of natural resource organizations suggests the need to adapt management plans. Approximately a billion people live in the areas classified as vulnerable. C1 [Gonzalez, Patrick] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Forestry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neilson, Ronald P.; Lenihan, James M.; Drapek, Raymond J.] US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gonzalez, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Forestry, 163 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pgonzalez@cal.berkeley.edu RI Gonzalez, Patrick/B-9479-2013 OI Gonzalez, Patrick/0000-0002-7105-0561 FU US Department of Energy; Nature Conservancy; USDA Forest Service FX For the IPCC climate projection data we acknowledge the GCM modelling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, and the World Climate Research Programme for the WCRP CMIP3 multi-model data set, supported by the US Department of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge comments from C. D. Allen, G. C. Daily, B. Griffith, L. Hannah, S. H. Schneider, J. M. Scott, C. J. Tucker and J. A. Wiens, work on MC1 by D. Bachelet and J. R. Wells, and funding from the Nature Conservancy and the USDA Forest Service. NR 48 TC 133 Z9 136 U1 23 U2 147 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1466-822X EI 1466-8238 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 6 BP 755 EP 768 DI 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00558.x PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 664SH UT WOS:000282982300001 ER PT J AU Houliston, RS Vinogradov, E Li, JJ Yuki, N Karwaski, MF Brochu, D Parker, CT Michael, FS Mandrell, RE Gilbert, M AF Houliston, R. Scott Vinogradov, Evgeny Li, Jianjun Yuki, Nobuhiro Karwaski, Marie-France Brochu, Denis Parker, Craig T. Michael, Frank St. Mandrell, Robert E. Gilbert, Michel TI Beyond Gangliosides: Multiple Forms of Glycan Mimicry Exhibited by Campylobacter jejuni in its Lipooligosaccharide SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL St Pete Beach, FL SP Soc Glycobiol C1 [Houliston, R. Scott; Vinogradov, Evgeny; Li, Jianjun; Karwaski, Marie-France; Brochu, Denis; Michael, Frank St.; Gilbert, Michel] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa 117548, ON, Canada. [Parker, Craig T.; Mandrell, Robert E.] USDA, Albany, CA USA. [Yuki, Nobuhiro] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 20 IS 11 MA 198 BP 1513 EP 1513 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 661TF UT WOS:000282750300208 ER PT J AU Hummer, KE AF Hummer, Kim E. TI Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ancient and traditional; medicine; blackberries; raspberries; Rubus ID FRUITS AB The genus Rubus L., indigenous to six continents, includes blackberries, raspberries, and their hybrids and is commonly referred to as brambles or briers. Rubus species were a food and medicinal source for native peoples soon after the Ice Age. This short article presents only a sample of the wealth of historical reports of medicinal uses for Rubies. Brambles were documented in the writings of the ancient Greeks: Aeschylus, Hippocrates, Krataeus, Dioscorides, and Galen; Romans: Cato, Ovid, and Pliny the Elder; Asian medicinal traditions; traditional Chinese medicine; and the Ayurvedic tradition of India. Folk traditions of native peoples throughout the world have also applied Rubus for multiple medicinal uses. Although in modern times Rubus is grown for its delicious and vitamin-rich fruit for fresh and processed product consumption, the ancients used the whole plant and its parts. Stems, branches, roots, leaves, and flowers were used in decoctions, infusions, plasters, oil or wine extractions, and condensates. Decoctions of branches were applied to stop diarrhea, dye hair, prevent vaginal discharge, and as an antivenom for snakebites. Leaves were chewed to strengthen gums and plastered to constrain shingles, head scurf, prolapsed eyes, and hemorrhoids. Flowers triturated with oil reduced eye inflammations and cooled skin rashes; infusions with water or wine aided stomach ailments. Greeks and Romans recorded female applications, whereas the Chinese described uses in male disorders. The fruits of R. chingii are combined in a yang tonic called fu pen zi, "overturned fruit bowl," and prescribed for infertility, impotence, low backache, poor eyesight, and bedwetting or frequent urination. The Leechbook of Bald described the use of brambles against dysentery, combining ancient medicinal knowledge with pagan superstition and herb lore. Medicinal properties of Rubus continue in Renaissance and modern herbals, sanctioning leaf infusions as a gargle for sore mouth, throat cankers, and as a wash for wounds; the bark, containing tannin, was a tonic for diarrhea; and root extract, a cathartic and emetic. Recent research has measured high ellagic acid, anthocyanin, total phenolics, and total antioxidant content in Rubus fruits. Fruit extracts have been used as colorants and are now being tested as anticarcinogenic, antiviral, antiallergenic, and cosmetic moisturizing compounds. From ancient traditions through conventional folk medicines to the scientific confirmation of health-promoting compounds, Rubus is associated with health-inducing properties. C1 ARS, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM Kim.Hummer@ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1587 EP 1591 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300002 ER PT J AU Bryla, DR Trout, TJ Ayars, JE AF Bryla, David R. Trout, Thomas J. Ayars, James E. TI Weighing Lysimeters for Developing Crop Coefficients and Efficient Irrigation Practices for Vegetable Crops SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop water requirements; drainage; evapotranspiration; irrigation scheduling; microirrigation; water use efficiency ID THOMPSON SEEDLESS GRAPEVINES; WATER-USE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; CANOPY AB Large, precision weighing lysimeters are expensive but invaluable tools for measuring crop evapotranspiration and developing crop coefficients. Crop coefficients are used by both growers and researchers to estimate crop water use and accurately schedule irrigations. Two lysimeters of this type were installed in 2002 in central California to determine daily rates of crop and potential (grass) evapotranspiration and develop crop coefficients for better irrigation management of vegetable crops. From 2002 to 2006, the crop lysimeter was planted with broccoli, iceberg lettuce, bell pepper, and garlic. Basal crop coefficients, K-cb defined as the ratio of crop to potential evapotranspiration when the soil surface is dry but transpiration in unlimited by soil water conditions, increased as a linear or quadratic function of the percentage of ground covered by vegetation. At midseason, when groundcover was greater than 70% to 90%, K-cb was approximate to 1.0 in broccoli, 0.95 in lettuce, and 1.1 in pepper, and K-cb of each remained the same until harvest. Garlic K-cb, in comparison, increased to 1.0 by the time the crop reached 80% ground cover, but with only 7% of additional coverage, K-cb continued to increase to 1.3, until irrigation was stopped to dry the crop for harvest. Three weeks after irrigation was cutoff, garlic K-cb declined rapidly to a value of 0.16 by harvest. Yields of each crop equaled or exceeded commercial averages for California with much less water in some cases than typically applied. The new crop coefficients will facilitate irrigation scheduling in the crops and help to achieve full yield potential without overirrigation. C1 [Bryla, David R.] ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Trout, Thomas J.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Ayars, James E.] ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Unit, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Bryla, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM david.bryla@ars.usda.gov OI Trout, Thomas/0000-0003-1896-9170 NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1597 EP 1604 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300004 ER PT J AU Million, JB Yeager, TH Albano, JP AF Million, Jeff B. Yeager, Thomas H. Albano, Joseph P. TI Evapotranspiration-based Irrigation Scheduling for Container-grown Viburnum odoratissimum (L.) Ker Gawl. SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE controlled-release fertilizer; drainage; leaching; nutrient load; nitrogen; overhead; phosphorus; potassium; woody ornamental ID OVERHEAD IRRIGATION; SWEET VIBURNUM; NURSERY PLANTS; ORNAMENTALS; EFFICIENCY; FERTILIZERS; NITROGEN; RUNOFF AB The capacity for evapotranspiration (ET)-based irrigation scheduling to reduce runoff volume and nutrient leaching was tested in Fall 2004 and Spring 2005. Runoff (container leachate plus unintercepted irrigation and precipitation) was collected continuously for 17 weeks during production of sweet viburnum [Viburnum odoratissimum (L.) Ker Gaw1.1 in 2.4-L (16-cm top diameter) containers fertilized with an 18N-2.6P-10K polymer-coated, controlled-release fertilizer. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of two irrigation rates (fixed rate of 1 cm-d(-1) or a variable, ET-based rate) and two fertilizer rates (15 or 30 g/container in 2004 and 10 or 15 g/container in 2005). Averaged over the two experiments and compared with the 1-cm-d(-1) rate, ET-based irrigation reduced the amount of irrigation water applied (L/container) by 39% and runoff volume (L/container) by 42% with greatest reductions observed during the second half of the 2004 experiment and the first half of the 2005 experiment. Compared with 1-cm.d(-1) rate, ET-based irrigation reduced runoff nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (mg/container) by 16%, 25%, and 22%, respectively, in 2004 and runoff K 15% in 2005 with irrigation effects varying on a weekly basis. Irrigation treatments did not affect the response of plants to fertilizer rate. Because shoot dry weight was unaffected by irrigation treatments, results indicate that compared with a fixed irrigation rate, ET-based irrigation can reduce irrigation and runoff volumes and to a lesser extent nutrient loss while providing adequate water for plant growth. C1 [Million, Jeff B.; Yeager, Thomas H.] Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, IFAS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Albano, Joseph P.] ARS, US Hort Res Labs, USDA, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Million, JB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Environm Hort, IFAS, 1545 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM jmillion@ufl.edu FU Floral and Nursery Research Initiative, USDA, ARS [58-6618-2-0208, CRIS 6618-13000-002-04S] FX This research was supported by the Floral and Nursery Research Initiative, USDA, ARS, Specific Cooperative Agreement 58-6618-2-0208, CRIS 6618-13000-002-04S. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1741 EP 1746 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300030 ER PT J AU Bosland, PW Strausbaugh, CA AF Bosland, Paul W. Strausbaugh, Carl A. TI 'NuMex Las Cruces' Cayenne Pepper SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE Capsicum annuum; open-pollinated; curly top resistance ID CHILE PEPPER; INFECTION; CAPSICUM; MEXICO C1 [Bosland, Paul W.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Strausbaugh, Carl A.] ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Bosland, PW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, POB 30003,MSC 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM pbosland@nmsu.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1751 EP 1752 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 679YI UT WOS:000284196300032 ER PT J AU Hill, B Mitchell-Bruker, S AF Hill, Barry Mitchell-Bruker, Sherry TI Comment on "A framework for understanding the hydroecology of impacted wet meadows in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges, California, USA": paper published in Hydrogeology Journal (2009) 17:229-246, by Steven P. Loheide II, Richard S. Deitchman, David J. Cooper, Evan C. Wolf, Christopher T. Hammersmark, Jessica D. Lundquist SO HYDROGEOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID WEATHERED GRANITIC BEDROCK; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE-WATER; SOIL; PERMEABILITY; CATCHMENT; HILLSLOPE; VALLEY; PEAT C1 [Hill, Barry] US Forest Serv, USDA, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. [Mitchell-Bruker, Sherry] US Forest Serv, USDA, Susanville, CA 96130 USA. RP Hill, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1323 Club Dr, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA. EM bhill@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-2174 J9 HYDROGEOL J JI Hydrogeol. J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 IS 7 BP 1741 EP 1743 DI 10.1007/s10040-010-0634-9 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 666LX UT WOS:000283117800015 ER PT J AU Emon, RM Gustafson, JP Nguyens, H Musket, T Jahiruddin, M Islam, MA Haque, MS Islam, MM Begum, SN Hassan, MM AF Emon, R. M. Gustafson, J. P. Nguyens, H. Musket, T. Jahiruddin, M. Islam, M. A. Haque, M. S. Islam, M. M. Begum, S. N. Hassan, M. M. TI Molecular marker-based characterization and genetic diversity of wheat genotypes in relation to Boron use efficiency SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Wheat; genetic diversity; SSR markers; boron deficiency ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; ORYZA-RUFIPOGON GRIFF.; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; WILD-RICE; BREAD WHEAT; SSR MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; VARIETIES; ISSR AB Boron deficient soils pose a serious problem to world wheat production including Bangladesh. In the present study, 21 diverse wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were subjected to SSR analysis to identify and characterize boron efficient varieties. In the DNA profiling of the 21 genotypes, Including two control varieties, Fang 60 (efficient) and SW 41 (inefficient), using 32 SSR loci, a total of 234 alleles were detected. Allele number per locus ranged from 3 to 11, with an average of 7.312, and the PIC value ranged from 0.562 to 0.873 with an average of 0.776. Average genetic diversity over all SSR loci for the 21 genotypes was 0.804, ranging from 0.637 to 0.884. All the loci were polymorphic and clearly distinguished the genotypes. Cluster analyse (NJ tree, UPGMA, PCO) identified a similar pattern of variation. The study found that INIA 66 and BAW1086 were the most boron efficient genotypes and thus could be used for developing boron efficient varieties. C1 [Emon, R. M.; Islam, M. M.; Begum, S. N.] Bangladesh Inst Nucl Agr, Div Plant Breeding, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. [Jahiruddin, M.] Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. [Islam, M. A.; Hassan, M. M.] Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. [Haque, M. S.] Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Biotechnol, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. [Nguyens, H.; Musket, T.] Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Gustafson, J. P.] Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, PGRU, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Emon, RM (reprint author), Bangladesh Inst Nucl Agr, Div Plant Breeding, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. EM emonbina@gmail.com NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIAN SOC GENET PLANT BREEDING PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 11312, INDIAN AGRICULTURE RES INST, NEW DELHI 110012, INDIA SN 0019-5200 J9 INDIAN J GENET PL BR JI Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 70 IS 4 BP 339 EP 348 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 701NH UT WOS:000285824100003 ER PT J AU Lo, M Murray, GL Khoo, CA Haake, DA Zuerner, RL Adler, B AF Lo, Miranda Murray, Gerald L. Khoo, Chen Ai Haake, David A. Zuerner, Richard L. Adler, Ben TI Transcriptional Response of Leptospira interrogans to Iron Limitation and Characterization of a PerR Homolog SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID FERRIC CITRATE TRANSPORT; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; FUR HOMOLOGS; SEROVAR LAI; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; BINDING PROTEIN; VIRULENCE GENES AB Leptospirosis is a globally significant zoonosis caused by Leptospira spp. Iron is essential for growth of most bacterial species. Since iron availability is low in the host, pathogens have evolved complex iron acquisition mechanisms to survive and establish infection. In many bacteria, expression of iron uptake and storage proteins is regulated by Fur. L. interrogans encodes four predicted Fur homologs; we have constructed a mutation in one of these, la1857. We conducted microarray analysis to identify iron-responsive genes and to study the effects of la1857 mutation on gene expression. Under iron-limiting conditions, 43 genes were upregulated and 49 genes were downregulated in the wild type. Genes encoding proteins with predicted involvement in inorganic ion transport and metabolism (including TonB-dependent proteins and outer membrane transport proteins) were overrepresented in the upregulated list, while 54% of differentially expressed genes had no known function. There were 16 upregulated genes of unknown function which are absent from the saprophyte L. biflexa and which therefore may encode virulence-associated factors. Expression of iron-responsive genes was not significantly affected by mutagenesis of la1857, indicating that LA1857 is not a global regulator of iron homeostasis. Upregulation of heme biosynthetic genes and a putative catalase in the mutant suggested that LA1857 is more similar to PerR, a regulator of the oxidative stress response. Indeed, the la1857 mutant was more resistant to peroxide stress than the wild type. Our results provide insights into the role of iron in leptospiral metabolism and regulation of the oxidative stress response, including genes likely to be important for virulence. C1 [Lo, Miranda; Murray, Gerald L.; Khoo, Chen Ai; Adler, Ben] Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Haake, David A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Haake, David A.] Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. [Zuerner, Richard L.] USDA ARS, Infect Bacterial Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Adler, Ben] Monash Univ, Australian Res Council, Ctr Excellence Struct & Funct Microbial Genom, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Adler, Ben] Monash Univ, Victorian Bioinformat Consortium, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Adler, B (reprint author), Monash Univ, Dept Microbiol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM Ben.Adler@med.monash.edu.au FU National Health and Medical Research Council; Australian Research Council, Canberra, Australia; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [AI-34431]; VA Medical Research Funds FX This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council and the Australian Research Council, Canberra, Australia (to B.A.), by Public Health Service grant AI-34431 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (to D.A.H.), and by VA Medical Research Funds (to D.A.H.). G.L.M. is the recipient of a NHMRC Peter Doherty Fellowship. NR 73 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 78 IS 11 BP 4850 EP 4859 DI 10.1128/IAI.00435-10 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 665RB UT WOS:000283052100044 PM 20805337 ER PT J AU McKinley, ET Spackman, E Pantin-Jackwood, MJ AF McKinley, Enid T. Spackman, Erica Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J. TI The pathogenesis of H3N8 canine influenza virus in chickens, turkeys and ducks SO INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses CY FEB 03-05, 2010 CL Amelia Island, FL DE Canine influenza; chickens; ducks; pathogenesis; turkeys ID TRANSMISSION; DOGS; SWINE; PCR AB Background Canine influenza virus (CIV) of the H3N8 subtype has emerged in dog populations throughout the United States where it has become endemic in kennels and animal shelters in some regions. It has not previously been determined whether the canine-adapted H3N8 influenza virus can be transmitted to chickens, turkeys or ducks which are economically important animals that are susceptible to type A influenza virus from numerous species. Methods Four-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, 3-week-old SPF turkeys and 2-week-old commercial Pekin ducks were inoculated with 10(5.2) 50% tissue culture infectious doses of CIV per bird by the intra-choanal route. The birds were observed daily, and at 2 and 4 days post-inoculation (DPI), two inoculated birds and one sham-inoculated control bird were euthanized and necropsied to evaluate gross lesions and to collect tissues for microscopic examination. Cloacal and oral swabs were collected at 2, 4 and 7 DPI to evaluate virus shed by real-time RT-PCR (rRTPCR). Two weeks post-infection, sera were collected from all remaining birds for type A influenza antibody detection by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Results Clinical signs and gross lesions were not observed in any of the birds of any species nor did any seroconvert. Oral and Cloacal swab material was negative for virus by rRT-PCR. Conclusions Chickens, turkeys and Pekin ducks are not susceptible to infection with CIV by simulated respiratory exposure route with the dose administered. C1 [McKinley, Enid T.; Spackman, Erica; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Spackman, E (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Erica.Spackman@ars.usda.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1750-2640 EI 1750-2659 J9 INFLUENZA OTHER RESP JI Influenza Other Respir. Viruses PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2010.00165.x PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 669WY UT WOS:000283382100005 PM 20958929 ER PT J AU Ulyshen, MD Horn, S Barnes, B Gandhi, KJK AF Ulyshen, Michael D. Horn, Scott Barnes, Brittany Gandhi, Kamal J. K. TI Impacts of prescribed fire on saproxylic beetles in loblolly pine logs SO INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY LA English DT Article DE Coarse woody debris; dispersal; disturbance; fire adapted; forest management; heat tolerance; pyrophilous; xylobiont ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MANAGED BOREAL FORESTS; LONGLEAF PINE; ARTHROPOD POPULATIONS; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; BLACK SPRUCE; DEAD WOOD; CONSERVATION; COLEOPTERA; SOIL AB 1. Studies addressing the immediate impacts of fire on forest arthropod communities and their implications for conservation are few, particularly for species within dead wood. To investigate the effects of fire on saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera), we randomly assigned large-diameter loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) logs to a forest scheduled for a prescribed burn (i.e. a low-intensity surface fire) or to an adjacent unburned forest in Georgia, USA. 2. Beginning 5 days after the fire, the logs were placed in rearing bags to capture emerging beetles. In total, 3457 individuals from 80 taxa were collected. 3. While more than twice as many individuals were collected from unburned logs than from burned logs, none of the 21 most abundant (i.e. >= 10 individuals) taxa, with the exception of Dioedus punctatus LeConte (Tenebrionidae), was absent from burned logs. Furthermore, similar total numbers of species were collected from unburned (62) and burned (60) logs. 4. Diplocoelus rudis (LeConte), Cathartosilvanus imbellis (LeConte) and Endeitoma dentata (Horn) were considerably more common in burned logs, suggesting rapid colonisation following the fire. 5. There were no differences in community composition between treatments based on analyses of similarities (ANOSIM) using presence-absence data. Community composition, however, did differ between treatments based on ANOSIM using log-transformed abundance data, but only for logs taken from a tree largely covered by bark, suggesting that the subcortical fauna is more strongly impacted. 6. These results indicate that saproxylic beetles within large-diameter loblolly pine logs can, for the most part, tolerate low-intensity fires and need not recolonise burned sites. C1 [Ulyshen, Michael D.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Horn, Scott] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. [Barnes, Brittany; Gandhi, Kamal J. K.] Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ulyshen, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM mulyshen@hotmail.com FU University of Georgia; USDA Forest Service FX We thank L. Ogden (University of Georgia) and M. Cody (USDA Forest Service) for field and laboratory assistance. We also thank Bob Haack (USDA Forest Service) and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Funding for this project was provided by the University of Georgia and the USDA Forest Service. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-458X EI 1752-4598 J9 INSECT CONSERV DIVER JI Insect. Conserv. Divers. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2010.00095.x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Entomology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Entomology GA 663JM UT WOS:000282881200001 ER PT J AU Pretty, J Sutherland, WJ Ashby, J Auburn, J Baulcombe, D Bell, M Bentley, J Bickersteth, S Brown, K Burke, J Campbell, H Chen, K Crowley, E Crute, I Dobbelaere, D Edwards-Jones, G Funes-Monzote, F Godfray, HCJ Griffon, M Gypmantisiri, P Haddad, L Halavatau, S Herren, H Holderness, M Izac, AM Jones, M Koohafkan, P Lal, R Lang, T McNeely, J Mueller, A Nisbett, N Noble, A Pingali, P Pinto, Y Rabbinge, R Ravindranath, NH Rola, A Roling, N Sage, C Settle, W Sha, JM Luo, SM Simons, T Smith, P Strzepeck, K Swaine, H Terry, E Tomich, TP Toulmin, C Trigo, E Twomlow, S Vis, JK Wilson, J Pilgrim, S AF Pretty, Jules Sutherland, William J. Ashby, Jacqueline Auburn, Jill Baulcombe, David Bell, Michael Bentley, Jeffrey Bickersteth, Sam Brown, Katrina Burke, Jacob Campbell, Hugh Chen, Kevin Crowley, Eve Crute, Ian Dobbelaere, Dirk Edwards-Jones, Gareth Funes-Monzote, Fernando Godfray, H. Charles J. Griffon, Michel Gypmantisiri, Phrek Haddad, Lawrence Halavatau, Siosiua Herren, Hans Holderness, Mark Izac, Anne-Marie Jones, Monty Koohafkan, Parviz Lal, Rattan Lang, Timothy McNeely, Jeffrey Mueller, Alexander Nisbett, Nicholas Noble, Andrew Pingali, Prabhu Pinto, Yvonne Rabbinge, Rudy Ravindranath, N. H. Rola, Agnes Roling, Niels Sage, Colin Settle, William Sha, J. M. Luo Shiming Simons, Tony Smith, Pete Strzepeck, Kenneth Swaine, Harry Terry, Eugene Tomich, Thomas P. Toulmin, Camilla Trigo, Eduardo Twomlow, Stephen Vis, Jan Kees Wilson, Jeremy Pilgrim, Sarah TI The top 100 questions of importance to the future of global agriculture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article DE Farming; food security; global agriculture; horizon scanning; policy; research questions ID GREEN-REVOLUTION; SUSTAINABILITY; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; SCIENCE; UK AB Despite a significant growth in food production over the past half-century, one of the most important challenges facing society today is how to feed an expected population of some nine billion by the middle of the 20th century. To meet the expected demand for food without significant increases in prices, it has been estimated that we need to produce 70-100 per cent more food, in light of the growing impacts of climate change, concerns over energy security, regional dietary shifts and the Millennium Development target of halving world poverty and hunger by 2015. The goal for the agricultural sector is no longer simply to maximize productivity, but to optimize across a far more complex landscape of production, rural development, environmental, social justice and food consumption outcomes. However, there remain significant challenges to developing national and international policies that support the wide emergence of more sustainable forms of land use and efficient agricultural production. The lack of information flow between scientists, practitioners and policy makers is known to exacerbate the difficulties, despite increased emphasis upon evidence-based policy. In this paper, we seek to improve dialogue and understanding between agricultural research and policy by identifying the 100 most important questions for global agriculture. These have been compiled using a horizon-scanning approach with leading experts and representatives of major agricultural organizations worldwide. The aim is to use sound scientific evidence to inform decision making and guide policy makers in the future direction of agricultural research priorities and policy support. If addressed, we anticipate that these questions will have a significant impact on global agricultural practices worldwide, while improving the synergy between agricultural policy, practice and research. This research forms part of the UK Government's Foresight Global Food and Farming Futures project. C1 [Pretty, Jules; Pilgrim, Sarah] Univ Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. [Sutherland, William J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Conservat Sci Grp, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, England. [Ashby, Jacqueline] Ctr Int Agr Trop, Cali 6713, Colombia. [Auburn, Jill] USDA, Off Secretary Res Educ & Econ, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Baulcombe, David] Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England. [Bell, Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bentley, Jeffrey] CABI Associate, CABI, Surrey TW20 9TY, England. [Bickersteth, Sam] DFID, London SW1E 5HE, England. [Brown, Katrina] Univ E Anglia, Sch Int Dev, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Crowley, Eve] UN FAO, Gender Equ & Rural Employment Div, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Campbell, Hugh] Univ Otago, Ctr Study Agr Food & Environm, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Chen, Kevin] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Econ, IFPRI Beijing, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Crute, Ian] Agr & Hort Dev Board, Kenilworth CV8 2TL, Warwick, England. [Dobbelaere, Dirk] Univ Bern, Vetsuisse Fac, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Edwards-Jones, Gareth] Bangor Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. [Funes-Monzote, Fernando] Univ Matanzas, Estn Expt Indio Hatuey, Perico, Matanzas, Cuba. [Godfray, H. Charles J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. [Griffon, Michel] Natl Res Agcy, F-75012 Paris, France. [Gypmantisiri, Phrek] Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Agr, Multiple Cropping Ctr, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. [Pinto, Yvonne] Univ Sussex, Inst Dev Studies, ALINe, Brighton BN1 9RE, E Sussex, England. [Halavatau, Siosiua] Secretariat Pacific Community, Nabua, Fiji. [Herren, Hans] Millennium Inst, Arlington, VA 22201 USA. [Holderness, Mark] UN FAO, Global Forum Agr Res GFAR Secretariat, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Izac, Anne-Marie] UN FAO, Consortium CGIAR Ctr, Consortium Off, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Jones, Monty] FARA Secretariat, Accra, Ghana. [Koohafkan, Parviz] UN FAO, Land & Water Div, Nat Resources Management & Environm Dept, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Lal, Rattan] Ohio State Univ, Sch Environm & Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lang, Timothy] City Univ London, London EC1V 0HB, England. [McNeely, Jeffrey] Int Union Conservat Nat, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Nisbett, Nicholas] UK Govt Dept Business Innovat & Skills, London SW1H 0ET, England. [Noble, Andrew] Natl Agr & Forestry Res Inst, Int Water Management Inst SE & Cent Asia, Viangchan, Laos. [Pingali, Prabhu] Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA. [Pinto, Yvonne] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Environm Policy, London SW7 1NA, England. [Rabbinge, Rudy; Roling, Niels] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Ravindranath, N. H.] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Rola, Agnes] Univ Philippines, Coll Publ Affairs, Los Banos 4031, Laguna, Philippines. [Sage, Colin] Univ Coll Cork, Dept Geog, Cork, Ireland. [Sha, J. M.] Fujian Normal Univ, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Luo Shiming] S China Agr Univ, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Simons, Tony] CGIAR Consortium, World Agroforestry Ctr ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya. [Smith, Pete] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Strzepeck, Kenneth] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Swaine, Harry] Univ Victoria, Ctr Global Studies, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Terry, Eugene] ATECHO, Washington, DC 20011 USA. [Tomich, Thomas P.] Univ Calif Davis, Agr Sustainabil Inst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Toulmin, Camilla] IIED, London WC1H 0DD, England. [Trigo, Eduardo] Grp CEO, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Twomlow, Stephen] UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya. [Vis, Jan Kees] Unilever, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, Netherlands. [Wilson, Jeremy] RSPB Scotland, Edinburgh EH4 3TP, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Pretty, J (reprint author), Univ Essex, Wivenhoe Pk, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, England. EM jpretty@essex.ac.uk RI Dobbelaere, Dirk/A-3885-2013; Sutherland, William/B-1291-2013; Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; Wilson, Jeremy/A-6842-2016; OI Dobbelaere, Dirk/0000-0003-0672-8468; Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; Wilson, Jeremy/0000-0001-7485-5878; Pretty, Jules/0000-0002-3897-6581; Sutherland, William/0000-0002-6498-0437; Sage, Colin/0000-0002-2063-4815; Baulcombe, David/0000-0003-0780-6878 FU UK Government; Arcadia FX We are grateful to the UK Government's Foresight Global Food and Farming Futures project for funding this research. The Foresight Programme is part of the UK's Government Office for Science. It helps the government think systematically about the future and uses the latest scientific and other evidence to provide signposts for policy makers in tackling future challenges. The views expressed here remain those of the authors and do not represent those of GO Science or HM Government. We are also grateful to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization for their input and assistance, particularly in the organization of a workshop in Rome during the early stages of this research. W. A. Sutherland was funded for this work by Arcadia. NR 80 TC 137 Z9 146 U1 27 U2 310 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-5903 EI 1747-762X J9 INT J AGR SUSTAIN JI Int. J. Agric. Sustain. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.3763/ijas.2010.0534 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Agriculture; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 716ZF UT WOS:000287011300001 ER PT J AU Mader, T Nienaber, J Brown-Brandl, T AF Mader, Terry Nienaber, John Brown-Brandl, Tami TI Foreword to special issue LeRoy Hahn SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Mader, Terry] Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Dept Anim Sci, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [Nienaber, John; Brown-Brandl, Tami] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Mader, T (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Dept Anim Sci, 57905 866 Rd, Concord, NE 68728 USA. EM tmader@unlnotes.unl.edu; john.nienaber@ars.usda.gov; tami.brownbrandl@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 54 IS 6 BP 599 EP 599 DI 10.1007/s00484-010-0384-3 PG 1 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 681ZX UT WOS:000284365200001 PM 21053023 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, Roger A. Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Nienaber, John A. TI Shade material evaluation using a cattle response model and meteorological instrumentation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feedlot; Heat load index; Meteorological [data]; Physiological model; Shade materials ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; HEAT-STRESS; INDICATORS AB Shade structures are often considered as one method of reducing stress in feedlot cattle. Selection of a suitable shade material can be difficult without data that quantify material effectiveness for stress reduction. A summer study was conducted during 2007 using instrumented shade structures in conjunction with meteorological measurements to estimate relative effectiveness of various shade materials. Shade structures were 3.6 m by 6.0 m by 3.0 m high at the peak and 2.0 m high at the sides. Polyethylene shade cloth was used in three of the comparisons and consisted of effective coverings of 100%, 60% with a silver reflective coating, and 60% black material with no reflective coating. Additionally, one of the structures was fitted with a poly snow fence with an effective shade of about 30%. Each shade structure contained a solar radiation meter and a black globe thermometer to measure radiant energy received under the shade material. Additionally, meteorological data were collected as a non-shaded treatment and included temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation. Data analyses was conducted using a physiological model based on temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed; a second model using black globe temperatures, relative humidity, and wind speed was used as well. Analyses of the data revealed that time spent in the highest stress category was reduced by all shade materials. Moreover, significant differences (P < 0.05) existed between all shade materials (compared to no-shade) for hourly summaries during peak daylight hours and for 'full sun' days. C1 [Eigenberg, Roger A.; Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Nienaber, John A.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM roger.eigenberg@ars.usda.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 54 IS 6 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1007/s00484-010-0381-6 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 681ZX UT WOS:000284365200002 PM 21061024 ER PT J AU Brown-Brandl, TM Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA AF Brown-Brandl, Tami M. Eigenberg, Roger A. Nienaber, John A. TI Water spray cooling during handling of feedlot cattle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Animal behavior; Body temperature; Cattle; Heat stress; Spray cooling; Sprinkle cooling ID RESPONSES; TEMPERATURE; COST AB Activities involved in receiving or working (e.g., sorting, dehorning, castration, weighing, implanting, etc.) of feedlot cattle cause an increase in body temperature. During hot weather the increased body temperature may disrupt normal behaviors including eating, which can be especially detrimental to the well-being and performance of the animals. Sprinkle cooling of animals has been successfully employed within the pen; however, added moisture to the pens' surface increases odor generation from the pen. A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a single instance of wetting an animal within the working facility instead of in the pen, which could potentially provide extra evaporative cooling to offset the added heat produced by activity. Sixty-four cross-bred heifers were assigned to one of eight pens on the basis of weight. On four separate occasions during hot conditions (average temperature 28.2 +/- 1.9A degrees C, 29.1 A +/- 2.0A degrees C, 28.9 A +/- 3.0A degrees C, and 26.8 A +/- 1.6A degrees C; with the temperature ranging from 22.6 to 32.5A degrees C during the trials), the heifers were moved from their pens to and from the working facility (a building with a scale and squeeze chute located 160-200 m away). While in the squeeze chute, four of the pens of heifers were sprinkle cooled and the remaining four pens were worked as normal. The heifers that were treated had a body temperature that peaked sooner (31.9 A +/- 0.63 min compared to 37.6 A +/- 0.62) with a lower peak body temperature (39.55 A +/- 0.03A degrees C compared to 39.74 A +/- 0.03A degrees C), and recovered sooner (70.5 A +/- 2.4 min compared to 83.2 A +/- 2.4 min). The treated animals also had a lower panting score, a visual assessment of level of cattle heat stress (1.1 A +/- 0.2 compared to 1.16 A +/- 0.2). The behavior measurements that were taken did not indicate a change in behavior. It was concluded that while a single instance of wetting an animal within the working facility did not completely offset the increase in body temperature, it was beneficial to the animals without needing to add water to the pen surface, thus reducing the potential for odor generation. C1 [Brown-Brandl, Tami M.; Eigenberg, Roger A.; Nienaber, John A.] ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Brown-Brandl, TM (reprint author), ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM tami.brownbrandl@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 54 IS 6 BP 609 EP 616 DI 10.1007/s00484-009-0282-8 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 681ZX UT WOS:000284365200003 PM 19960206 ER PT J AU Gaughan, JB Mader, TL Holt, SM Sullivan, ML Hahn, GL AF Gaughan, J. B. Mader, T. L. Holt, S. M. Sullivan, M. L. Hahn, G. L. TI Assessing the heat tolerance of 17 beef cattle genotypes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heat tolerance; Cattle; Panting score; Heat load index ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; PERFORMANCE; HEIFERS; SENEPOL; STRESS; BREEDS; ANGUS; TULI AB Cattle production plays a significant role in terms of world food production. Nearly 82% of the world's 1.2 billion cattle can be found in developing countries. An increasing demand for meat in developing countries has seen an increase in intensification of animal industries, and a move to cross-bred animals. Heat tolerance is considered to be one of the most important adaptive aspects for cattle, and the lack of thermally-tolerant breeds is a major constraint on cattle production in many countries. There is a need to not only identify heat tolerant breeds, but also heat tolerant animals within a non-tolerant breed. Identification of heat tolerant animals is not easy under field conditions. In this study, panting score (0 to 4.5 scale where 0 = no stress and 4.5 = extreme stress) and the heat load index (HLI) [HLI(BG < 25A degrees C) = 10.66 + 0.28 x rh + 1.30 x BG - WS; and, HLI (BG > 25A degrees C) = 8.62 + 0.38 x rh + 1.55 x BG - 0.5 x WS + e((2.4 - WS)), where BG = black globe temperature ((o)C), rh = relative humidity (decimal form), WS = wind speed (m/s) and e is the base of the natural logarithm] were used to assess the heat tolerance of 17 genotypes (12,757 steers) within 13 Australian feedlots over three summers. The cattle were assessed under natural climatic conditions in which HLI ranged from thermonuetral (HLI < 70) to extreme (HLI > 96; black globe temperature = 40.2A degrees C, relative humidity = 64%, wind speed = 1.58 m/s). When HLI > 96 a greater number (P < 0.001) of pure bred Bos taurus and crosses of Bos taurus cattle had a panting score a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 2 compared to Brahman cattle, and Brahman-cross cattle. The heat tolerance of the assessed breeds was verified using panting scores and the HLI. Heat tolerance of cattle can be assessed under field conditions by using panting score and HLI. C1 [Gaughan, J. B.; Sullivan, M. L.] Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. [Mader, T. L.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [Holt, S. M.] Hubbard Feeds Inc, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. [Hahn, G. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Gaughan, JB (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. EM j.gaughan@uq.edu.au RI Gaughan, John/B-3484-2010 FU Meat Livestock Australia P/L, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia FX This project was funded by Meat Livestock Australia P/L, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Thanks to Mr Allan Lisle for statistical analysis, Mr Robert Englebright and Mr Ian Williams for their technical support. A special thanks to the management and staff of the feedlots who participated in the studies. NR 22 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 54 IS 6 BP 617 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s00484-009-0233-4 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 681ZX UT WOS:000284365200004 PM 19458966 ER PT J AU Mader, TL Gaughan, JB Johnson, LJ Hahn, GL AF Mader, T. L. Gaughan, J. B. Johnson, L. J. Hahn, G. L. TI Tympanic temperature in confined beef cattle exposed to excessive heat load SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Body temperature; Diets; Environment; Heat stress ID CATION-ANION DIFFERENCE; LACTATING DAIRY-COWS; FINISHING STEERS; FEEDLOT CATTLE; METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; DIETARY-SODIUM; HOT WEATHER; PERFORMANCE; STRESS AB Angus crossbred yearling steers (n = 168) were used to evaluate effects on performance and tympanic temperature (TT) of feeding additional potassium and sodium to steers exposed to excessive heat load (maximum daily ambient temperature exceeded 32A degrees C for three consecutive days) during seasonal summer conditions. Steers were assigned one of four treatments: (1) control; (2) potassium supplemented (diet containing 2.10% KHCO(3)); (3) sodium supplemented (diet containing 1.10% NaCl); or (4) potassium and sodium supplemented (diet containing 2.10% KHCO(3) and 1.10% NaCl). Overall, additional KHCO(3) at the 2% level or NaCl at the 1% level did not improve performance or heat stress tolerance with these diet formulations. However, the addition of KHCO(3) did enhance water intake. Independent of treatment effects, TT of cattle displaying high, moderate, or low levels of stress suggest that cattle that do not adequately cool down at night are prone to achieving greater body temperatures during a subsequent hot day. Cattle that are prone to get hot but can cool at night can keep average tympanic temperatures at or near those of cattle that tend to consistently maintain lower peak and mean body temperatures. In addition, during cooler and moderately hot periods, cattle change TT in a stair-step or incremental pattern, while under hot conditions, average TT of group-fed cattle moves in conjunction with ambient conditions, indicating that thermoregulatory mechanisms are at or near maximum physiological capacity. C1 [Mader, T. L.; Johnson, L. J.] Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Dept Anim Sci, Concord, NE 68728 USA. [Gaughan, J. B.] Univ Queensland, Sch Anim Studies, Gatton, Qld, Australia. [Hahn, G. L.] USDA ARS, Environm Management Res Unit, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Mader, TL (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Haskell Agr Lab, Dept Anim Sci, 57905 866 Rd, Concord, NE 68728 USA. EM tmader@unlnotes.unl.edu RI Gaughan, John/B-3484-2010 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7128 J9 INT J BIOMETEOROL JI Int. J. Biometeorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 54 IS 6 BP 629 EP 635 DI 10.1007/s00484-009-0229-0 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physiology GA 681ZX UT WOS:000284365200005 PM 19404683 ER PT J AU Bray, MS Tsai, JY Villegas-Montoya, C Boland, BB Blasier, Z Egbejimi, O Kueht, M Young, ME AF Bray, M. S. Tsai, J-Y Villegas-Montoya, C. Boland, B. B. Blasier, Z. Egbejimi, O. Kueht, M. Young, M. E. TI Time-of-day-dependent dietary fat consumption influences multiple cardiometabolic syndrome parameters in mice SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE adiposity; chronobiology; feeding; glucose tolerance; metabolism ID FOOD-INTAKE; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; SHIFT WORKERS; METABOLISM; BREAKFAST; OBESITY; RHYTHMS; DISEASE; MUSCLE; INDEX AB Background: Excess caloric intake is strongly associated with the development of increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hyperleptinemia (that is the cardiometabolic syndrome). Research efforts have focused attention primarily on the quality (that is nutritional content) and/or quantity of ingested calories as potential causes for diet-induced pathology. Despite growing acceptance that biological rhythms profoundly influence energy homeostasis, little is known regarding how the timing of nutrient ingestion influences development of common metabolic diseases. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the time of day at which dietary fat is consumed significantly influences multiple cardiometabolic syndrome parameters. Results: We report that mice fed either low-or high-fat diets in a contiguous manner during the 12 h awake/active period adjust both food intake and energy expenditure appropriately, such that metabolic parameters are maintained within a normal physiologic range. In contrast, fluctuation in dietary composition during the active period (as occurs in human beings) markedly influences whole body metabolic homeostasis. Mice fed a high-fat meal at the beginning of the active period retain metabolic flexibility in response to dietary challenges later in the active period (as revealed by indirect calorimetry). Conversely, consumption of high-fat meal at the end of the active phase leads to increased weight gain, adiposity, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperleptinemia (that is cardiometabolic syndrome) in mice. The latter perturbations in energy/metabolic homeostasis are independent of daily total or fat-derived calories. Conclusions: The time of day at which carbohydrate versus fat is consumed markedly influences multiple cardiometabolic syndrome parameters. International Journal of Obesity (2010) 34, 1589-1598; doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.63; published online 30 March 2010 C1 [Young, M. E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Bray, M. S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Bray, M. S.; Tsai, J-Y; Villegas-Montoya, C.; Boland, B. B.; Blasier, Z.; Egbejimi, O.; Kueht, M.; Young, M. E.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Young, ME (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Cardiovasc Dis, 703 19th St S,ZRB 308, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM meyoung@uab.edu FU Kraft Foods Inc.; USDA/ARS [6250-51000-046, 6250-51000-044]; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-074259]; Baylor College of Medicine FX This work was supported by Kraft Foods Inc., the USDA/ARS (6250-51000-046 and 6250-51000-044), and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-074259). Ju-Yun Tsai was supported by the DeBakey Heart Fund at Baylor College of Medicine. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1589 EP 1598 DI 10.1038/ijo.2010.63 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 680CT UT WOS:000284210700004 PM 20351731 ER PT J AU Zunino, SJ Storms, DH Ducore, JM AF Zunino, Susan J. Storms, David H. Ducore, Jonathan M. TI Parthenolide treatment activates stress signaling proteins in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with chromosomal translocation t(4;11) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parthenolide; acute lymphoblastic leukemia; signal transduction; stress response ID SESQUITERPENE LACTONE PARTHENOLIDE; CYTOCHROME-C; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; JNK PHOSPHORYLATION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHWAY; CHECKPOINT; KINASE; DEATH AB Parthenolide, the principal bio-active component of the herb feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). has shown anti-leukemic activity. We evaluated the cell cycle status and the phosphorylation/activation of proteins involved in signal transduction in t(4;11) and non-t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines after treatment with parthenolide. The cells were treated with the vehicle or 10 mu M parthenolide or 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. As shown by flow cytometric analysis, parthenolide induced growth arrest at the S to G2/M phase transition. Using multiplex technology and Western blotting, we showed that the treatment with parthenolide within 0 to 10 h induced the phosphorylation of stress signaling proteins, including the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, c-Jun, the heat shock protein 27 and protein kinase B. These data show that parthenolide induces a stress response leading to cell death and provide further evidence suggesting that parthenolide could be useful as a novel therapeutic agent against high risk ALL with chromosomal translocation t(4;11). C1 [Zunino, Susan J.; Storms, David H.] Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ducore, Jonathan M.] Univ Calif Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Hematol Oncol Sect, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. RP Zunino, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 430 W Hlth Sci Dr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM susan.zunino@ars.usda.gov FU St. Baldrick's Foundation; United States Department of Agriculture [5306-51530-013-00D] FX This study was funded by grants from the St. Baldrick's Foundation to J.M.D. and the United States Department of Agriculture, CRIS project (no. 5306-51530-013-00D) to S.J.Z. and D.H.S NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD PI ATHENS PA POB 18179, ATHENS, 116 10, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 37 IS 5 BP 1307 EP 1313 DI 10.3892/ijo_00000782 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 667QD UT WOS:000283207800026 PM 20878078 ER PT J AU Neville, TL Caton, JS Hammer, CJ Reed, JJ Luther, JS Taylor, JB Redmer, DA Reynolds, LP Vonnahme, KA AF Neville, T. L. Caton, J. S. Hammer, C. J. Reed, J. J. Luther, J. S. Taylor, J. B. Redmer, D. A. Reynolds, L. P. Vonnahme, K. A. TI Ovine offspring growth and diet digestibility are influenced by maternal selenium supplementation and nutritional intake during pregnancy despite a common postnatal diet SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE developmental programming; growth; lamb; maternal nutrition; offspring; selenium ID VISCERAL ORGAN MASS; FINISHING BEEF STEERS; FETAL BODY-WEIGHT; EWE LAMBS; LATE-GESTATION; NUTRIENT RESTRICTION; JEJUNAL VASCULARITY; ADOLESCENT SHEEP; ENDOCRINE STATUS; MAMMARY-GLAND AB Lambs born from feed-restricted or overfed ewes can be lighter at birth, whereas maternal Se supplementation can increase fetal size near term. We hypothesized that birth weight would be inversely related to feed efficiency and growth rates during postnatal development. To examine the effects of maternal dietary Se and nutrient restriction or excess on postnatal lamb growth, diet digestibility, and N retention, 82 ewe lambs (52.2 +/- 0.8 kg) were allotted randomly to 1 of 6 treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Factors were dietary Se [adequate Se (9.5 mu g/kg of BW; ASe) vs. high Se (Se-enriched yeast; 81.8 mu g/kg of BW; HSe)] and maternal nutritional intake [60% (restricted, RES), 100% (control, CON), or 140% (high, HI) of NRC requirements]. Selenium treatments began at breeding. Nutritional treatments began on d 50 of gestation. Lambs were immediately removed from their dams at parturition, provided artificial colostrum, and fed milk replacer until weaning. After weaning, lambs were maintained using common management and on common diets until necropsy at 180 d. Male and female lambs from RES-fed ewes were lighter (P <= 0.03) at birth than lambs from CON-fed ewes, with lambs from HI-fed ewes being intermediate. Although maternal nutritional intake influenced (P < 0.06) BW gain before weaning on d 57, both maternal nutritional intake and sex of offspring influenced (P <= 0.09) BW gain from d 57 to 180. Although maternal nutritional intake did not influence (P >= 0.35) female lamb BW gain, male lambs from RES-fed ewes were lighter (P <= 0.09) than those from CON-fed ewes until d 162. By d 180, male lambs from RES-and HI-fed ewes were lighter (P <= 0.09) than those from CON-fed ewes. In a subset of lambs used in a feed efficiency study, namely, those born to ASe ewes, HI maternal nutritional intake decreased (P <= 0.09) ADG and G:F compared with lambs born to RES- and CON-fed ewes, which did not differ (P >= 0.60). Conversely, when lambs were born to HSe ewes, HI maternal nutritional intake increased (P <= 0.01) ADG and G:F compared with CON, with RES being intermediate. Moreover, lambs born to ASe-HI ewes had decreased (P < 0.01) ADG and G: F compared with lambs born to HSe-HI ewes. Furthermore, male lambs had a greater (P < 0.01) G:F than female lambs. Maternal diet did not affect (P >= 0.11) N retention in male lambs. These data indicate that maternal nutrition during gestation and sex of the offspring alter postnatal growth and efficiency of growth in offspring despite similar postnatal management. C1 [Neville, T. L.; Caton, J. S.; Hammer, C. J.; Reed, J. J.; Luther, J. S.; Redmer, D. A.; Reynolds, L. P.; Vonnahme, K. A.] N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. [Taylor, J. B.] USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Vonnahme, KA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Ctr Nutr & Pregnancy, Dept Anim Sci, Fargo, ND 58108 USA. EM kim.vonnahme@ndsu.edu RI Reynolds, Lawrence/I-5267-2015 OI Reynolds, Lawrence/0000-0002-6838-7809 FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2005-35206-15281] FX This project was partially supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grants 2005-35206-15281 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service to JSC, DAR, and KAV. We thank Jerzy Bilski, Marsha Kapphahn, James Kirsch, Kim Kraft, Robert Weigl, Laurie Geyer, and Arlinda Lewis (North Dakota State University) for their assistance with animal care and data collection. Much appreciation is extended to David S. Buchanan (North Dakota State University) for sharing his statistical expertise. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3645 EP 3656 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2666 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 663GA UT WOS:000282870000020 PM 20656981 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS AF Dungan, R. S. TI BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Fate and transport of bioaerosols associated with livestock operations and manures SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal feeding operation; bioaerosol; dispersion; land application; manure; pathogen ID MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; CLASS-B BIOSOLIDS; ANIMAL-FEEDING OPERATIONS; VIABLE AIRBORNE MICROBES; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; SPRAY IRRIGATION SITE; WIND-BORNE SPREAD; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LAND APPLICATION; WASTE-WATER AB Airborne microorganisms and microbial by-products from intensive livestock and manure management systems are a potential health risk to workers and individuals in nearby communities. This report presents information on zoonotic pathogens in animal wastes and the generation, fate, and transport of bioaerosols associated with animal feeding operations and land applied manures. Though many bioaerosol studies have been conducted at animal production facilities, few have investigated the transport of bioaerosols during the land application of animal manures. As communities in rural areas converge with land application sites, concerns over bioaerosol exposure will certainly increase. Although most studies at animal operations and wastewater spray irrigation sites suggest a decreased risk of bioaerosol exposure with increasing distance from the source, many challenges remain in evaluating the health effects of aerosolized pathogens and allergens in outdoor environments. To improve our ability to understand the off-site transport and diffusion of human and livestock diseases, various dispersion models have been utilized. Most studies investigating the transport of bioaerosols during land application events have used a modified Gaussian plume model. Because of the disparity among collection and analytical techniques utilized in outdoor studies, it is often difficult to evaluate health effects associated with aerosolized pathogens and allergens. Invaluable improvements in assessing the health effects from intensive livestock practices could be made if standardized bioaerosol collection and analytical techniques, as well as the use of specific target microorganisms, were adopted. C1 ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, USDA, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, USDA, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM robert.dungan@ars.usda.gov NR 137 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 5 U2 34 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3693 EP 3706 DI 10.2527/jas.2010-3094 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 663GA UT WOS:000282870000024 PM 20622180 ER PT J AU Carter, JM Aiken, GE Dougherty, CT Schrick, FN AF Carter, J. M. Aiken, G. E. Dougherty, C. T. Schrick, F. N. TI Steer responses to feeding soybean hulls and steroid hormone implantation on toxic tall fescue pasture SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; fescue toxicosis; hair coat; prolactin; soybean hull; steroid hormone implant ID PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; ERGOVALINE; PROLACTIN; ALKALOIDS; HEIFERS; ACID AB Crossbred steers were grazed in the spring and early summer on endophyte-infected (Neotyphodium coenophialum), Kentucky-31 tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) pastures to evaluate effects and interactions of feeding pelleted soybean hulls (PSBH) and steroid hormone implants (SHI) on steer performance, serum prolactin, and hair coat ratings (HCR). Steers were stratified by BW for assignment to six 3.0-ha toxic tall fescue pastures. With or without daily PSBH feeding, treatments were assigned randomly to pastures as the main plot treatment in a split-plot design. Pelleted soybean hulls were group-fed to provide 2.3 kg(steer.d(-1)) (as fed). With or without SHI (200 mg of progesterone and 20 mg of estradiol) treatments were randomly assigned as the subplot treatment to 2 steer subgroups within each pasture. Sixty-four steers were grazed for 77 d in 2007, and 60 steers were grazed for 86 d in 2008. Pasture forage mass declined linearly over time, but the rate of decline was greater (P = 0.001) in 2007 than in 2008. Pasture forage mass was never below 2,300 kg of DM/ha in either year. Average daily gain for steers on the combined PSBH and SHI treatments was greater (P < 0.01) than for those on the PSBH-only, SHI-only, and control (no SHI, no PSBH) treatments. Average daily gain for the PSBH-only steers was greater (P < 0.01) than for SHI-only and control steers and tended (P = 0.063) to be greater for SHI-only than for control steers. Steroid implants did not affect (P = 0.826) serum prolactin concentrations; however, prolactin concentrations in PSBH steers, with or without SHI, were increased (P = 0.01) 2-fold over SHI-only and control steers. Feeding PSBH and SHI treatments both reduced (P < 0.05) the percentage of steers with rough HCR, and a greater percentage of steers fed PSBH tended (P < 0.076) to have sleek hair coats. An economic analysis was conducted, which determined that costs of additional ADG with PSBH feeding were below breakeven costs over a wide range of PSBH costs and cattle prices. Breakeven costs for PSBH-only treatment for a range of cattle prices of $1.80 to $2.40/kg of BW were less than $120/t, whereas with PSBH feeding combined with SHI the breakeven cost was less than $240/t. Results indicate that steers grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue can be fed PSBH and implanted with steroid hormones to cost effectively increase ADG and that feeding PSBH can increase serum prolactin concentrations and induce some shedding of rough hair coats. C1 [Aiken, G. E.] Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Carter, J. M.] USDA FSA, Simpson Cty Farm Serv Agcy, Franklin, KY 42134 USA. [Dougherty, C. T.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Schrick, F. N.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, USDA ARS, Forage Anim Prod Res Unit, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM glen.aiken@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 88 IS 11 BP 3759 EP 3766 DI 10.2527/jas.2009-2536 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 663GA UT WOS:000282870000030 PM 20656966 ER PT J AU Tian, P Yang, D Jiang, X Zhong, W Cannon, JL Burkhardt, W Woods, JW Hartman, G Lindesmith, L Baric, RS Mandrell, R AF Tian, P. Yang, D. Jiang, X. Zhong, W. Cannon, J. L. Burkhardt, W., III Woods, J. W. Hartman, G. Lindesmith, L. Baric, R. S. Mandrell, R. TI Specificity and kinetics of norovirus binding to magnetic bead-conjugated histo-blood group antigens SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE binding kinetics; histo-blood group antigen; magnetic beads; norovirus; virus concentration ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; CELLS; OUTBREAK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CALICIVIRUSES; PARTICLES; INFECTION; SAMPLES AB Aims: To characterize the specificity and effect of pH and ionic strength on the kinetics of virus binding to histo-blood group antigens (HBGA)-conjugated magnetic beads. Methods and Results: HBGAs from porcine gastric mucin (PGM) have been conjugated to magnetic beads (PGM-MB) for concentration of NoV. A GII.4 virus was used for the detailed binding kinetics study and a panel of genogroup I (GI) NoVs, genogroup II (GII) NoVs and recombinant NoVs (rNoVs) were used for specificity and binding efficiency assays. We determined that NoV can be captured after 15 min of incubation with PGM-MB, and virus recovery efficiency is decreased after extended incubation times. rNoV binding as measured by ELISA and NoV recovery as measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were both enhanced significantly at acidic pH conditions. rNoV binding to PGM as measured by ELISA was increased up to 66%. While real-time RT-PCR analyses suggest that NoV could be concentrated as much as 1000-fold at neutral pH, up to 3 center dot 4-fold further increase of NoV recovery was achieved by adjusting the pH of the sample to 3 center dot 0-4 center dot 2. Variation between GI and GII viral binding to the PGM-MB at basic pH was observed. All five GI rNoVs tested and 6 of 9 GII rNoVs were captured by PGM. All eight GI strains tested were concentrated by PGM-MB, ranging from 28-fold (GI.4) to 1502-fold (GI.1). Eleven of 13 GII strains were concentrated from 30-fold (GII.5) to 1014-fold (GII.4, lab strain) by PGM-MB. GI and GII rNoVs viral capsid proteins were recovered with high salt conditions, but results were inconsistent for whole virus recovery. Conclusions: All GI and 85% of GII NoVs tested could be captured and concentrated by PGM-MB method. The binding occurred rapidly and was enhanced at low pH. Significance and Impact of the Study: These results facilitated development of a prototype method for sensitive detection of NoV in samples requiring larger volumes. C1 [Tian, P.; Yang, D.; Mandrell, R.] ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, WRRC, USDA, Albany, CA 94547 USA. [Jiang, X.; Zhong, W.] Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis,Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Cannon, J. L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Burkhardt, W., III; Woods, J. W.] US FDA, CFSAN, Off Food Safety, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Hartman, G.] US FDA, ORA, San Francisco Dist Lab, Alameda, CA USA. [Lindesmith, L.; Baric, R. S.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Tian, P (reprint author), ARS, Produce Safety & Microbiol Res Unit, WRRC, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94547 USA. EM peng.tian@ars.usda.gov RI Robertson, Simon/D-1549-2012 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5325-42000-021-044, 5325-42000-021-045] FX We thank Dr. Jan Vinje (CDC, Atlanta, GA) for providing a panel of GI and GII NOV samples, Dr. Reilly (Wyeth Research, Pearl River NY) for providing two polyclonal antibodies and Dr. Schnurr (California Dept. Health Service, Richmond, CA) for providing clinical samples. This work was supported by USDA Agricultural Research Service CRIS project 5325-42000-021-044 and 5325-42000-021-045. NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 10 U2 85 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1753 EP 1762 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04812.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 662NK UT WOS:000282813800027 PM 21040268 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Davis, TA AF Suryawan, Agus Davis, Teresa A. TI The abundance and activation of mTORC1 regulators in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs are modulated by insulin, amino acids, and age SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein synthesis; insulin signaling; amino acid signaling; PLD1; RagB ID STIMULATES PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; RICH AKT SUBSTRATE; 40 KDA PRAS40; MAMMALIAN TARGET; RAPAMYCIN COMPLEX-1; RAG GTPASES; TRANSLATION INITIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL-CHANGES; SIGNALING PATHWAY; BINDING PARTNER AB Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is crucial for the regulation of protein synthesis. Most of known mTORC1 regulators have been isolated and characterized using cell culture systems, and the physiological roles of these regulators have not been fully tested in vivo. Previously we demonstrated that the insulin (INS) and amino acid (AA)-induced activation of mTORC1 is developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle (Suryawan A et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E1597-E1605, 2007). The present study aimed to characterize in more detail the effects of the postprandial rise in INS and AA on the activation and abundance of mTORC1 regulators in muscle and how this is modified by development. Overnight fasted 6- and 26-day-old pigs were studied during 1) euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic conditions (control), 2) euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hyperaminoacidemic clamps (AA), and 3) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps (INS). INS, but not AA, enhanced the PRAS40 phosphorylation, and this effect was greater in 6- than in 26-day old pigs. Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) abundance and phosphorylation, and the association of PLD1 with Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb), were greater in the younger pigs. Neither INS, AA, nor age altered the abundance of Rheb, vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34), or FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38). Although INS and AA had no effect, the abundance of ras-related GTP binding B (RagB) and the association of RagB with Raptor were greater in 6-than in 26-day-old pigs. Neither INS, AA, nor age altered AMPK-induced phosphorylation of Raptor. Our results suggest that the enhanced activation of mTORC1 in muscle of neonatal pigs is in part due to regulation by PRAS40, PLD1, and the Rag GTPases. C1 [Suryawan, Agus; Davis, Teresa A.] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Paediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Paediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM tdavis@bcm.tmc.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01-AR-44474]; USDA/ARS [58-62506-001] FX Funding for this research was received from National Institutes of Health Grant R01-AR-44474 and USDA/ARS Cooperative Agreement no. 58-62506-001. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 109 IS 5 BP 1448 EP 1454 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00428.2010 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 695BQ UT WOS:000285346000022 PM 20724570 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG Steinberger, Y AF Whitford, Walter G. Steinberger, Yosef TI Pack rats (Neotoma spp.): Keystone ecological engineers? SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Habitat; Mineralization; Species diversity; Stick nest; Woodrat ID DESERT ECOSYSTEM; SOIL PROPERTIES; NEGEV DESERT; CONSTRUCTION; COMMUNITIES; ORGANISMS; AUSTRALIA; HABITATS; RODENTIA; WOODRATS AB The potential role of two species of pack rats (Neotoma albigula and Neotoma micropus) as keystone ecological engineers was examined by estimating the species diversity of invertebrates living in the nest middens, and nitrogen mineralization rates in soils associated with the middens. Although pack-rat middens in tarbush (Flourensia cernua) shrublands were smaller than those in creostebush (Larrea tridentata) shrublands, they housed a higher abundance and diversity of arthropods. The Neotoma spp. middens were an important microhabitat for crickets (Gryllus sp.), wolf spiders (Lycosa spp.), and lycid beetle larvae (Lycidae) in all of the shrub habitats. There were five arthropod taxa that occupied all middens in the creosote-bush shrubland, and 12 arthropod taxa that occupied all middens in the tarbush shrubland. Soils associated with pack-rat middens had significantly higher soil organic-matter content than reference soils. Nitrogen mineralization was significantly higher in soils associated with pack-rat middens than in reference soils. Neotoma spp. create habitats with moderate microclimates that are essential for several invertebrates, thus contributing to maintenance of biodiversity. The effects of middens on soil organic matter and nitrogen mineralization create nutrient-rich patches. Neotoma spp. affect biodiversity and critical ecosystem processes, thus supporting the designation of keystone ecological engineers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Steinberger, Yosef] Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Whitford, Walter G.] New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Steinberger, Y (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Mina & Everard Goodman Fac Life Sci, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM wawhitfo@nmsu.edu; steinby@mail.biu.ac.il FU NSF; International Arid Lands Consortium FX This research was funded in part by the NSF Long Term Ecological Research Program and by the International Arid Lands Consortium. The funding sources were not involved in the research or preparation of this article. The field work could not have been conducted without the efforts of Heidi Jochem and Matt Flowers. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1450 EP 1455 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.05.025 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659DQ UT WOS:000282547600012 ER PT J AU Stout, JE Arimoto, R AF Stout, John E. Arimoto, Richard TI Threshold wind velocities for sand movement in the Mescalero Sands of southeastern New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Aeolian processes; Mescalero sands; Saltation; Thresold; Wind erosion ID ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; SURFACES; VICINITY; TEXAS; FIELD AB Saltation activity and threshold velocities were measured at two Chihuahuan Desert sites located in the Mescalero Sands to the east of Carlsbad, New Mexico. Sand movement was detected with piezoelectric saltation sensors, and these data were used to calculate saltation activity and threshold wind speeds for the two sites. Significant blowing events were observed on nine days of this 112-day study, and it was only during these active periods that threshold values could be calculated. During periods of sand transport, threshold values were calculated every 5 min. Average threshold values typically exceeded 10.5 m/s at both sites; these are about twice those measured previously at a less vegetated dune site in West Texas. Less saltation activity occurred at the Gnome site compared with the Near Field site, especially during April; and while this can be partially attributed to differences in wind speed, additional studies are needed to evaluate other important factors such as the influence of undulating terrain and complex vegetation. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate the feasibility of long-term unattended monitoring of wind erosion activity in remote locations and that reliable and consistent estimates of threshold velocity can be obtained in complex desert environments using the time-fraction-equivalence principle. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stout, John E.] USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. [Arimoto, Richard] New Mexico State Univ, Carlsbad Environm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Stout, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. EM john.stout@ars.usda.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM 0404944]; Washington TRU Solutions [PO 403138] FX We wish to express our thanks to James Golden, James Monk and L Damon McNutt for their help with field operations. We would also like to thank Stephen A. Hall for providing information regarding the Mescalero sand sheet and Matthew Baddock for helping to create the map of the sampling sites. We are also pleased to acknowledge Owen Lofton, Linda Frank-Supka, and Candice Jierree for their help in securing permission to conduct the field operations. This study was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (ATM 0404944) and Washington TRU Solutions Contract PO 403138. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1456 EP 1460 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.05.011 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659DQ UT WOS:000282547600013 ER PT J AU Drenovsky, RE James, JJ Richards, JH AF Drenovsky, Rebecca E. James, Jeremy J. Richards, James H. TI Variation in nutrient resorption by desert shrubs SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Drought; Phylogenetic comparison; Resorption proficiency; Senesced leaf nitrogen; Senesced leaf phosphorus; Salinity ID SARCOBATUS-VERMICULATUS; GRADIENT; NITROGEN; GROWTH; CHENOPODIACEAE; FERTILIZATION; CONSTITUENTS; PROFICIENCY; VEGETATION; EFFICIENCY AB Plant nutrient resorption prior to leaf senescence is an important nutrient conservation mechanism for aridland plant species. However, little is known regarding the phylogenetic and environmental factors influencing this trait. Our objective was to compare nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) resorption in a suite of species in the Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae and assess the impact of soil salinity on nitrogen resorption. Although asters and chenopods did not differ in N resorption proficiency, chenopods were more proficient than asters at resorbing P. Plant responses to salinity gradients were species-specific and likely related to different salt-tolerances of the species. During the three year study, precipitation varied 6.4- and 9.9-fold from the long term averages at our two desert sites: despite these differences, annual variation in nutrient resorption was not linked to annual precipitation. More detailed studies are required to understand the influence of salinity and precipitation on resorption. Understanding controls on this trait may give insight into how species will respond to anthropogenic soil salinization and desertification. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Drenovsky, Rebecca E.] John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. [James, Jeremy J.] USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Richards, James H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Drenovsky, RE (reprint author), John Carroll Univ, Dept Biol, 20700 N Pk Blvd, University Hts, OH 44118 USA. EM rdrenovsky@jcu.edu FU American Philosophical Society; California Agricultural Experiment Station FX We thank W. Collatz, M. Jorgensen, M. Krautova, B. Lazarus, and E. Sharp for field help; M. Falasco, A. Martin, C. Martin, S. Mudery, and E. Wygant for sample preparation; M. Setter for help with ICP analysis; and C. Rodrigues of LADWP for Cain Ranch precipitation data. A Franklin Research Grant from the American Philosophical Society and the California Agricultural Experiment Station funded this work. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1564 EP 1568 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.05.030 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659DQ UT WOS:000282547600025 ER PT J AU Hamerlynck, EP McAuliffe, JR AF Hamerlynck, E. P. McAuliffe, J. R. TI Growth and foliar delta N-15 of a Mojave desert shrub in relation to soil hydrological dynamics SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Geomorphology; Larrea tridentata; Nitrogen dynamics; Soil horizons; Stable isotopes ID CREOSOTEBUSH LARREA-TRIDENTATA; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; WATER; ECOSYSTEM; MODEL; N-15 AB Soil matric potential (psi(matric)) was modeled for two years at four sites with different soil profile characteristics. Canopy volumes and foliar N-15 ratios (delta N-15) of Larrea tridentate were related to average soil water availability (psi(matric)) and the modeled duration of available soil water (Consecutive days psi(matric) > -6.0 MPa). Weakly developed soils on young (Holocene) alluvial deposits had the longest duration (129 d) and highest psi(matric) (-1.8 MPa), compared to soils with moderate horizon development in intermediate-aged (late Pleistocene) deposits (80 d, -4.3 MPa) and in soils with strong horizons on old (mid-late Pleistocene) deposits (20 d, -3.2 MPa). Plant canopy volume was highest in weakly developed soils (2.23 m3 0.342 SE) than in moderately or strongly developed older soils (0.57 m(3) +/- 0.082 SE; 0.56 m(3) +/- 0.123 SE, respectively). The fourth site possessed a soil with a silt- and clay-rich horizon beneath a strong stone pavement, and had the shortest, most water-limited regime (13 d; -5.5 MPa) and smallest plant canopies (0.46 m(3) +/- 0.073 SE). Foliar delta N-15 variation was better explained by average psi(matric) (R-2 = 0.69; p <= 0.001) than duration of available soil water (R-2 = 0.49; p <= 0.001). Together, these findings suggest soil hydrological regimes establish thresholds for plant growth, and plant N-dynamics are tightly coupled to desert soil hydrological characteristics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hamerlynck, E. P.] USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [McAuliffe, J. R.] Desert Bot Garden, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Hamerlynck, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ USA. EM erik.hamerlynck@ars.usda.gov FU UC Riverside Sweeny Granite Mountain Desert Research Center FX We thank Jim Andre and staff of the UC Riverside Sweeny Granite Mountain Desert Research Center for their support of this research, and E.V. McDonald for the SHAW model data. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1569 EP 1571 DI 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.06.001 PG 3 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659DQ UT WOS:000282547600026 ER PT J AU Yang, YJ Hubbard, BP Sinclair, DA Tong, QA AF Yang, Yongjie Hubbard, Basil P. Sinclair, David A. Tong, Qiang TI Characterization of Murine SIRT3 Transcript Variants and Corresponding Protein Products SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SIRT3; TRANSCRIPT VARIANTS; DEACETYLASE ID DEPENDENT DEACETYLASE; LYSINE ACETYLATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; HOMOLOG; LOCALIZATION; SIRTUINS; STRESS; GENES AB SIRT3 is one of the seven mammalian sirtuin homologs of the yeast SIR2 gene. SIRT3 possesses NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase activity. Recent studies indicate that the murine SIRT3 gene expresses different transcript variants, resulting in three possible SIRT3 protein isoforms with various lengths at the N-terminus: M1 (aa 1-334), M2 (aa 15-334), and M3 (aa 78-334). The transcript variants 1 and 3 can only produce M3 protein, while M1 and M2 proteins are translationally initiated from different in-frame ATG sites in transcript 2. Here we report that three transcript variants of the mouse SIRT3 gene are broadly expressed in various mouse tissues. By expressing these SIRT3 isoforms in HEK293 cells through transient transfection, we confirmed recent reports that two longer murine SIRT3 proteins (M1 and M2) are targeted to mitochondria with higher efficiency than the shorter M3 isoform. Additionally, the M1 and M2 proteins are processed into a mature form. Using Edman degradation we identify Ile38 (majority) or Val42 as the N-terminal amino acid of the mature M1 isoform, and Met78 or Val79 as the N-terminal amino acid of the M3 isoform. Interestingly, we found that even upon mutation of the M2 ATG site in the M1 cDNA, a processed mature protein could still be produced. In terms of deacetylase activity, we found that although only the mature protein derived from M1 or M2 proteins were active against acetylated peptide substrates, all three forms had equal deacetylase activity towards a full-length native protein substrate, acetyl CoA synthetase 2. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1051-1058, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Yang, Yongjie; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Yang, Yongjie; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Yang, Yongjie; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Mol Physiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Hubbard, Basil P.; Sinclair, David A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hubbard, Basil P.; Sinclair, David A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Paul F Glenn Labs Biol Mech Aging, Boston, MA USA. [Yang, Yongjie; Tong, Qiang] Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Biophys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Tong, QA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM qtong@bcm.edu OI Sinclair, David/0000-0002-9936-436X FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [CRIS 6250-51000-049]; NIH [R01DK075978, P01AG027916, R01AG028730]; NSERC FX Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture; Grant number: CRIS 6250-51000-049: Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant numbers: R01DK075978, P01AG027916, R01AG028730.; We thank Dr. Lei Jin for providing ACS2 peptide and SIRT3 proteins and Dr. Eric Verdin for the providing the expressing vector of ACS2. This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CRIS 6250-51000-049) and the NIH (R01DK075978) to QT; P01AG027916 and R01AG028730 to DS. Basil Hubbard was supported by an NSERC fellowship. David A. Sinclar is a Senior Scholar of the Ellison Medical Foundation. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 111 IS 4 BP 1051 EP 1058 DI 10.1002/jcb.22795 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 677AA UT WOS:000283960100030 PM 20677216 ER PT J AU Schober, TJ Moreau, RA Bean, SR Boyle, DL AF Schober, Tilman J. Moreau, Robert A. Bean, Scott R. Boyle, Daniel L. TI Removal of surface lipids improves the functionality of commercial zein in viscoelastic zein-starch dough for gluten-free breadmaking SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corn (maize); Zein; Lipid; Gluten-free bread ID GAS CELL STABILIZATION; WHEAT GLUTEN; PROTEINS; BREAD; MECHANISM; CAPACITY; CORN; OIL AB Maize prolamin (zein), together with starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sugar, salt, yeast and water can form wheat-like cohesive, extensible, viscoelastic dough when mixed above room temperature (e.g. 40 degrees C). This dough is capable of holding gas. However, it is excessively extensible, and when used for hearth-type rolls, it tends to become flat. Bench-scale defatting of zein with chloroform at room temperature significantly (P < 0.05) improved specific volume (4.5 ml/g vs. 3.3 ml/g) and shape of the rolls (width-to-height 2.0 vs. 3.9). The total lipid content determined by accelerated solvent extraction (100 degrees C, 69 bar, chloroform), however, only decreased from 8.0 to 6.6% due to this bench-scale defatting. Staining experiments with Naphthol Blue Black suggested that bench-scale defatting removed surface lipids from the zein particles, and thus facilitated their aggregation. Aggregation experiments with zein and water at 40 degrees C, and laser scanning confocal microscopy with zein-starch dough confirmed that zein particles aggregated more easily when surface-defatted. Dynamic oscillatory temperature sweeps demonstrated that surface-defatting lowered the temperature at which protein cross-linking occurred by 2 degrees C. This research can help to produce superior gluten-free bread and could also possibly contribute to the better understanding of wheat dough. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schober, Tilman J.; Bean, Scott R.] ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Moreau, Robert A.] ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. [Boyle, Daniel L.] Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Microscopy Facil, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Schober, TJ (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Grain & Anim Hlth Res, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM tilmanschober@hotmail.com OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094; Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 3 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.07.004 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 701HD UT WOS:000285808100013 ER PT J AU Lewis, VR Nelson, LJ Haverty, MI Baldwin, JA AF Lewis, Vernard R. Nelson, Lori J. Haverty, Michael I. Baldwin, James A. TI Quantitative Changes in Hydrocarbons over Time in Fecal Pellets of Incisitermes minor May Predict Whether Colonies Are Alive or Dead SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colony survival; Cuticular hydrocarbons; Drywood termites; Fecal pellets; Frass; Kalotermitidae; Isoptera ID TERMITES ISOPTERA KALOTERMITIDAE; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; LIPIDS; RHINOTERMITIDAE; GRASSHOPPER; DROSOPHILA; TAXONOMY AB Hydrocarbon mixtures extracted from fecal pellets of drywood termites are species-specific and can be characterized to identify the termites responsible for damage, even when termites are no longer present or are unable to be recovered easily. In structures infested by drywood termites, it is common to find fecal pellets, but difficult to sample termites from the wood. When fecal pellets appear after remedial treatment of a structure, it is difficult to determine whether this indicates that termites in the structure are still alive and active or not. We examined the hydrocarbon composition of workers, alates, and soldiers of Incisitermes minor (Hagen) (family Kalotermitidae) and of fecal pellets of workers. Hydrocarbons were qualitatively similar among castes and pellets. Fecal pellets that were aged for periods of 0, 30, 90, and 365 days after collection were qualitatively similar across all time periods, however, the relative quantities of certain individual hydrocarbons changed over time, with 19 of the 73 hydrocarbon peaks relatively increasing or decreasing. When the sums of the positive and negative slopes of these 19 hydrocarbons were indexed, they produced a highly significant linear correlation (R (2) = 0.89). Consequently, the quantitative differences of these hydrocarbons peaks can be used to determine the age of worker fecal pellets, and thus help determine whether the colony that produced them is alive or dead. C1 [Lewis, Vernard R.; Haverty, Michael I.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nelson, Lori J.; Haverty, Michael I.; Baldwin, James A.] US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Coll Nat Resources, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhaverty@berkeley.edu FU California Structural Pest Control Board, Department of Consumer Affairs, Sacramento, California [084-2856-5] FX We thank Robin Tabuchi, Lynette Yang, Shawn Leighton, and Sara Moore for technical assistance in removing and culturing termites and the tedious work of collecting samples of termite fecal pellets. We extend thanks to the pest management professionals who provided us with the infested wood used to collect the drywood termites. This research was made possible, in part, by contract #084-2856-5 to VRL by the California Structural Pest Control Board, Department of Consumer Affairs, Sacramento, California. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1199 EP 1206 DI 10.1007/s10886-010-9864-5 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679KA UT WOS:000284159100004 PM 20882326 ER PT J AU Lima, IM Boateng, AA Klasson, KT AF Lima, Isabel M. Boateng, Akwasi A. Klasson, Kjell T. TI Physicochemical and adsorptive properties of fast-pyrolysis bio-chars and their steam activated counterparts SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bio-char; steam-activated bio-char; biomass; metal ion remediation ID BED FAST PYROLYSIS; OIL PRODUCTION; LIGNOCELLULOSIC CHARS; CARBONS; SWITCHGRASS; METALS AB BACKGROUND: This study investigated steam-activation as a technology for adding value to fast-pyrolysis bio-chars. Due to short residence times in the fluidized-bed pyrolyzer, required to maximize bio-oil production, the bio-char structure tends to be underdeveloped thereby impacting its full potential application as a value-added co-product. RESULTS: The bio-chars of several substrates from a fluidized-bed fast pyrolyzer and their respective corresponding steam-activated counterparts were characterized for their surface areas and metal ion adsorption (copper, cadmium, nickel and zinc). Surface areas increased with activation from negligible to 136-793 m(2) g(-1) of material, with concomitant pore development evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and mathematical modeling. Affinity to Cu2+ was highest with adsorption efficiencies for 1 mmol L-1 solutions ranging from 60-85%. Metal ion adsorption performance was feedstock dependent and increased with activation, possibly due to improved access to highly reactive adsorption sites associated with the inorganic material in the feedstock. CONCLUSION: Because of their higher yields and metal ion uptake, broiler litter and alfalfa stems could be the feedstock of choice when considering upgrading fast pyrolysis bio-char for metal ion uptake. However, if the development of large surface areas is required, guayule bagasse and soybean straw could be the preferred feedstock. Published 2010 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lima, Isabel M.; Klasson, Kjell T.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Boateng, Akwasi A.] USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lima, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM isabel.lima@ars.usda.gov OI Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0268-2575 EI 1097-4660 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1515 EP 1521 DI 10.1002/jctb.2461 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA 673AW UT WOS:000283631600013 ER PT J AU Carrillo, C Prarat, M Vagnozzi, A Calahan, JD Smoliga, G Nelson, WM Rodriguez, LL AF Carrillo, C. Prarat, M. Vagnozzi, A. Calahan, J. D. Smoliga, G. Nelson, W. M. Rodriguez, L. L. TI Specific Detection of Rinderpest Virus by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR in Preclinical and Clinical Samples from Experimentally Infected Cattle SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAPID DETECTION; MOUTH-DISEASE; EAST-AFRICA; SWINE-FEVER; RT-PCR; WILDLIFE; ASSAY; VACCINATION; DIAGNOSIS AB A highly sensitive detection test for Rinderpest virus (RPV), based on a real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) system, was developed. Five different RPV genomic targets were examined, and one was selected and optimized to detect viral RNA in infected tissue culture fluid with a level of detection ranging from 0.59 to 87.5 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID(50)) per reaction depending on the viral isolate. The strain sensitivity of the test was validated on 16 RPV strains belonging to all three phylogenetic branches described for RPV. No cross-reactivity was detected with closely related peste des petit ruminants or with symptomatically similar viruses, including all seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus, two serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus, bluetongue virus, and bovine herpes virus type 2. In samples from experimentally infected cattle, our real-time RT-PCR test was significantly more sensitive than the gold standard test of virus isolation, allowing the detection of the disease 2 to 4 days prior to the appearance of clinical signs. The comparison of clinical samples with putative diagnostic value from live animals showed that conjunctival swabs and blood buffy coat were the samples of choice for epidemiological surveillance, while lymph nodes performed the best as postmortem specimens. This portable and rapid real-time RT-PCR has the capability of the preclinical detection of RPV and provides differential diagnosis from look-alike diseases of cattle. As RPV is declared globally eradicated, this test provides an important rapid virus detection tool that does not require the use of infectious virus and allows the processing of a large number of samples. C1 [Carrillo, C.] USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv,Plum Isl Anim Dis Ct, Orient Pt, NY 11957 USA. [Carrillo, C.; Prarat, M.; Vagnozzi, A.; Smoliga, G.; Rodriguez, L. L.] USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Orient Pt, NY 11957 USA. [Calahan, J. D.; Nelson, W. M.] Tetracore Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Carrillo, C (reprint author), PIADC APHIS FADDL, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM consuelo.carrillo@APHIS.USDA.GOV NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4094 EP 4101 DI 10.1128/JCM.01081-10 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 672MK UT WOS:000283588500038 PM 20844216 ER PT J AU Huang, XZ Frye, JG Chahine, MA Cash, DM Barber, MG Babel, BS Kasper, MR Whitman, TJ Lindler, LE Bowden, RA Nikolich, MP AF Huang, Xiao-Zhe Frye, Jonathan G. Chahine, Mohamad A. Cash, Dana M. Barber, Melissa G. Babel, Britta S. Kasper, Matthew R. Whitman, Timothy J. Lindler, Luther E. Bowden, Robert A. Nikolich, Mikeljon P. TI Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-A. calcoaceticus Complex Strains Isolated from Patients at the National Naval Medical Center SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; GENES; MICROARRAY; INTEGRONS C1 [Huang, Xiao-Zhe; Chahine, Mohamad A.; Cash, Dana M.; Bowden, Robert A.; Nikolich, Mikeljon P.] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Frye, Jonathan G.] ARS, Bacterial Epidemiol & Antimicrobial Resistance Re, USDA, Athens, GA USA. [Babel, Britta S.; Kasper, Matthew R.; Whitman, Timothy J.] Natl Naval Med Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lindler, Luther E.] Dept Homeland Secur, Chem & Biol Div, Sci & Technol Directorate, Washington, DC USA. [Barber, Melissa G.] Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Huang, XZ (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Bacterial & Rickettsial Dis, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM xiaozhe.huang@amedd.army.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; Frye, Jonathan/I-6382-2013 OI Frye, Jonathan/0000-0002-8500-3395 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4333 EP 4336 DI 10.1128/JCM.01585-10 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 672MK UT WOS:000283588500088 PM 20739490 ER PT J AU Field, KL Beauchamp, GK Kimball, BA Mennella, JA Bachmanov, AA AF Field, Kristin L. Beauchamp, Gary K. Kimball, Bruce A. Mennella, Julie A. Bachmanov, Alexander A. TI Bitter Avoidance in Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) and Mice (Mus musculus and Peromyscus leucopus) SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cavia; Mus Peromyscus; two choice; test hydrolysate; plant; second try metabolite ID TASTE; PREFERENCE; PATTERNS; DEER AB Rejection of bitter substances is common in many species and may function to protect in animal from ingestion of bitter tasting toxins Since m my plants are bitter it has been proposed that high tolerance for bitterness would be adaptive for herbivores Earlier studies conducted on herbivorous guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) have been used to support this proposal We tested guinea pigs with bitter plant second try metabolites (salicin caffeine quinine hydrochloride) and bitter protein hydrolysates (two types of hydrolyzed casein hydrolyzed soy) in a series of two choice preference tests For comparison we tested two nonherbivorous mouse species (Mus musculus and Peromyscus leucopus) Guinea pigs did show weaker avoidance of quinine hydrochloride than did the mice confirming predictions generated from earlier work However guinea pigs had similar responses to caffeine as did Peromyscus Both of these species showed weaker avoidance responses than Mus to 10 mM caffeine For salicin guinea pigs were the only species to avoid it at 10 mM and their preference scores at this concentration were significantly lower than for the two mice species Guinea pigs avoided all of the protein hydrolysates more strongly than the other species Responses to the protein hydrolysates did not reflect the patterns observed with the simple bitter compounds suggesting that other properties of these complex stimuli may be responsible for guinea pit, avoidance of them Our results suggest elution in accepting without further empirical support the premise that guinea pigs (and herbivores in general) have a generalized reduced bitter sensitivity C1 [Field, Kristin L.; Beauchamp, Gary K.; Kimball, Bruce A.; Mennella, Julie A.; Bachmanov, Alexander A.] Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Kimball, Bruce A.] US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bachmanov, AA (reprint author), Monell Chem Senses Ctr, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Mennella, Julie/0000-0002-8855-0204; Bachmanov, Alexander/0000-0002-2861-3322 FU United States Department of Agriculture; National Wildlife Research Center; Monell Chemical Senses Center [07 7442 0585 CA]; National Institutes of Heath [2 T32 DC 00014, R01 HD37119, R01 DC000882] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center Monell Chemical Senses Center Cooperative agreement [07 7442 0585 CA] and the National Institutes of Heath [Ruth L Kirschstein National Research Service Award Institutional Research Training Giant 2 T32 DC 00014 to K L F R01 HD37119 to J A M R01 DC000882 to G K B and A A B J the animal work was conducted with the skilled assistance of Mallory Garnett Abbie More at DMV Intl generously provided the hydrolysates We thank two anonymous reviewers for improving this paper NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0735-7036 J9 J COMP PSYCHOL JI J. Comp. Psychol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 124 IS 4 BP 455 EP 459 DI 10.1037/a0020792 PG 5 WC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Psychology; Zoology GA 686BU UT WOS:000284672600012 PM 21090891 ER PT J AU Patterson, KY Phillips, KM Horst, RL Byrdwell, WC Exler, J Lemer, LE Holden, JM AF Patterson, K. Y. Phillips, K. M. Horst, R. L. Byrdwell, W. C. Exler, J. Lemer, L. E. Holden, J. M. TI Vitamin D content and variability in fluid milks from a US Department of Agriculture nationwide sampling to update values in the National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fluid milk; vitamin D; food composition; nationwide sampling ID CONTINUING SURVEY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; FORTIFIED MILK; UNITED-STATES; FOODS; HEALTH; FORTIFICATION; INDIVIDUALS; STABILITY; BLOOD AB This study determined the vitamin D(3) content and variability of retail milk in the United States having a declared fortification level of 400 IU (10 mu g) per quart (qt; 1 qt = 946.4 mL), which is 25% daily value per 8 fluid ounce (236.6 mL) serving. In 2007, vitamin D3 fortified milk (skim, 1%, 2%, whole, and 1% fat chocolate milk) was collected from 24 statistically selected supermarkets in the United States. Additionally, 2% milk samples from an earlier 2001 USDA nationwide collection were reanalyzed. Vitamin D(3) was determined using a specifically validated method involving HPLC with UV spectroscopic detection and vitamin D(2) as an internal standard. Quality control materials were analyzed with the samples. Of the 120 milk samples procured in 2007, 49% had vitamin D(3) within 100 to 125% of 400 I-U (10 mu g)/qt (label value), 28% had 501 to 600 IU (12.5-15 mu g)/qt, 16% had a level below the label amount, and 7% had greater than 600 IU (15 mu g)/qt (>150% of label). Even though the mean vitamin D(3) content did not differ statistically between milk types, a wide range in values was found among individual samples, from nondetectable [<20 IU (0.5 mu g)/qt] for one sample to almost 800 IU (20 mu g)/qt, with a trend toward more samples of whole milk having greater than 150% of the labeled content. On average, vitamin D(3) in 2% milk was higher in 2007 compared with in 2001 [473 vs. 426 IU (11.8 vs. 10.6 mu g)/qt]. C1 [Patterson, K. Y.; Exler, J.; Lemer, L. E.; Holden, J. M.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Phillips, K. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Horst, R. L.] Heartland Assays Inc, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Byrdwell, W. C.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit & Method Dev Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Patterson, KY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kris.patterson@ars.usda.gov OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X; Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538 FU USDA Agricultural Research Service [Y1-HV-8116-11]; Office of Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health [Y1CN5010]; Beverage Institute for Health Wellness FX This work was supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program, including cooperative agreement #Y1-HV-8116-11 between the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Partial support was received from the Office of Dietary Supplements and other offices and institutes of the National Institutes of Health, agreement #Y1CN5010, and from the Beverage Institute for Health & Wellness, an affiliate of The Coca-Cola Company. The detailed work of Amy Rasor and Nancy Conley (FALCC) on coordination of sample preparation is greatly appreciated. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 93 IS 11 BP 5082 EP 5090 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3359 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 671TD UT WOS:000283532700009 PM 20965322 ER PT J AU Connor, EE Baldwin, RL Capuco, AV Evock-Clover, CM Ellis, SE Sciabica, KS AF Connor, E. E. Baldwin, R. L. Capuco, A. V. Evock-Clover, C. M. Ellis, S. E. Sciabica, K. S. TI Characterization of glucagon-like peptide 2 pathway member expression in bovine gastrointestinal tract SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; gastrointestinal tract; gene expression; glucagon-like peptide 2 ID PROGLUCAGON MESSENGER-RNA; INTESTINAL-CELL SURVIVAL; NEONATAL PIGLETS; GENE-EXPRESSION; BLOOD-FLOW; GLP-2; RECEPTOR; PROLIFERATION; IV; GROWTH AB Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), secreted by enteroendocrine cells, has several physiological effects on the intestine of monogastric species, including promotion of growth of intestinal epithelium; reduction of epithelial cell apoptosis, and enhancement of intestinal blood flow; nutrient absorption, and epithelial barrier function. The regulatory functions of GLP-2 in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have not been well studied. The objectives of this investigation were to characterize the miRNA expression of 4 members of the GLP-2 pathway throughout the bovine GIT, including (1) proglucagon (GCG); the parent peptide from which GLP-2 is derived through cleavage by prohormone convertase; (2) prohormone convertase (PCSK1); (3) GLP-2 receptor (GLP2R); and (4) dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4), the enzyme that inactivates GLP-2. Gene expression was evaluated in rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum; duodenum; jejunum, ileum; cecum; and rectum collected at slaughter from prepubertal heifers, mature cows in early, mid; and late lactation, and non-lactating cows (n = 3 per stage) by a gene expression profiling assay. In addition, mRNA expression of 14 genes involved in nutrient transport, enzyme activity, blood flow, apoptosis, and proliferation were evaluated in the 9 GIT tissues for their association with GCG; and GLP2R mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize GLP2R. protein in tissues of the lower GIT. Results indicated that mRNA expression of GCG, PCSK1, GLP2R, and DPP4 varies across the 9 GIT tissues, with greatest expression in small and large intestines; and generally nondetectable levels in forestomachs. Expression of DPP. 4 and GLP2R mRNA varied by developmental stage or lactational state in intestinal tissues. Expression of GCG or GLP2R mRNA was correlated with molecular markers of proliferation; apoptosis, blood flow, enzyme activity, and urea transport, depending on the tissue examined; which suggests a potential for involvement; of GLP-2 in these physiological processes in the ruminant GIT. The GUM. protein was expressed in intestinal crypts of the bovine GIT, which is consistent; with the distribution in monogastric species. Our findings support a. functional role of the GLP-2 pathway in bovine GIT and the potential for use of GLP-2 as a therapy to improve intestinal function and nutrient absorption in ruminants. C1 [Connor, E. E.; Baldwin, R. L.; Capuco, A. V.; Evock-Clover, C. M.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ellis, S. E.] Clemson Univ, Anim & Vet Sci Dept, Poole Agr Ctr 129, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Sciabica, K. S.] Beckman Coulter Inc, Brea, CA 92822 USA. RP Connor, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM erin.connor@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 93 IS 11 BP 5167 EP 5178 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3205 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 671TD UT WOS:000283532700019 PM 20965332 ER PT J AU Weigel, KA de los Campos, G Vazquez, AI Rosa, GJM Gianola, D Van Tassell, CP AF Weigel, K. A. de los Campos, G. Vazquez, A. I. Rosa, G. J. M. Gianola, D. Van Tassell, C. P. TI Accuracy of direct genomic values derived from imputed single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes in Jersey cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genomic selection; imputation; Jersey; predictive ability ID HAPLOTYPE INFERENCE; IMPUTATION; PREDICTION; SELECTION; MARKERS; PANELS AB The objective of the present study was to evaluate the predictive ability of direct genomic values for economically important dairy traits when genotypes at some single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were imputed rather than measured directly. Genotypic data consisted of 42,552 SNP genotypes for each of 1,762 Jersey sires. Phenotypic data consisted of predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) for milk yield, protein percentage, and daughter pregnancy rate from May 2006 for 1,446 sires in the training set and from April 2009 for 316 sires in the testing set. The SNP effects were estimated using the Bayesian least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) method with data, of sires in the training set, and direct genomic values (DGV) for sires in the testing set were computed by multiplying these estimates by corresponding genotype dosages for sires in the testing set. The mean correlation across traits between DGV (before progeny testing) and PTA (after progeny testing) for sires in the testing set was 70.6% when all 42,552 SNP genotypes were used. When genotypes for 93.1, 96.6, 98.3, or 99.1% of loci were masked and subsequently imputed in the testing set, mean correlations across traits between DGV and PTA were 68.5, 64.8, 54.8, or 43.5%, respectively. When genotypes were also masked and imputed for a random 50% of sires in the training set, mean correlations across traits between DGV and PTA were 65.7, 63.2, 53.9, or 49.5%, respectively. Results of this study indicate that if a suitable reference population with high-density genotypes is available, a low-density chip comprising 3,000 equally spaced SNP may provide approximately 95% of the predictive ability observed with the BovineSNP50 Beadchip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) in Jersey cattle. However, if fewer than 1,500 SNP are genotyped, the accuracy of DGV may be limited by errors in the imputed genotypes of selection candidates. C1 [Weigel, K. A.; de los Campos, G.; Vazquez, A. I.; Rosa, G. J. M.; Gianola, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Rosa, G. J. M.; Gianola, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gianola, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Van Tassell, C. P.] USDA, Bovine Funct Genom Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Van Tassell, C. P.] USDA, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Weigel, KA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kweigel@wisc.edu RI Rosa, Guilherme/G-3862-2011; OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087; J. M. Rosa, Guilherme/0000-0001-9172-6461 FU USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture Animal Genome Program (Washington, DC) [2009-35205-05099] FX This project was supported by National Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2009-35205-05099 from the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture Animal Genome Program (Washington, DC). Data for this study were provided by the USDA-ARS Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory (Beltsville, MD) and the American Jersey Cattle Association (Reynoldsburg, OH). The IMPUTE 2.0 software was provided by Bryan Howie and Jonathan Marchini, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford (United Kingdom). Kent Weigel acknowledges financial support from the National Association of Animal Breeders (Columbia, MO). NR 24 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 93 IS 11 BP 5423 EP 5435 DI 10.3168/jds.2010-3149 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 671TD UT WOS:000283532700045 PM 20965358 ER PT J AU Unrine, JM Tsyusko, OV Hunyadi, SE Judy, JD Bertsch, PM AF Unrine, Jason M. Tsyusko, Olga V. Hunyadi, Simona E. Judy, Jonathan D. Bertsch, Paul M. TI Effects of Particle Size on Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability of Copper to Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Exposed to Copper Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; TOXICITY; SOIL; BIOACCUMULATION; NANOMATERIALS; ANTIFUNGAL; MICROSCOPY AB To investigate the role of particle size on the oxidation, bioavailability, and adverse effects of manufactured Cu nanoparticles (NPs) in soils, we exposed the earthworm Eisenia fetida to a series of concentrations of commercially produced NPs labeled as 20- to 40-nm or <100-nm Cu in artificial soil media. Effects on growth, mortality, reproduction, and expression of a variety of genes associated with metal homeostasis, general stress, and oxidative stress were measured. We also used X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy to characterize changes in chemical speciation and spatial distribution of the NPs in soil media and earthworm tissues. Exposure concentrations of Cu NPs up to 65 mg kg(-1) caused no adverse effects on ecologically relevant endpoints. Increases in metallothionein expression occurred at concentrations exceeding 20 mg kg(-1) of Cu NPs and concentrations exceeding 10 mg kg(-1) of CuSO(4). Based on the relationship of Cu tissue concentration to metallothionein expression level and the spatial distribution and chemical speciation of Cu in the tissues, we conclude that Cu ions and oxidized Cu NPs were taken up by the earthworms. This study suggests that oxidized Cu NPs may enter food chains from soil but that adverse effects in earthworms are likely to occur only at relatively high concentrations (>65 mg Cu kg(-1) soil). C1 [Unrine, Jason M.; Tsyusko, Olga V.; Judy, Jonathan D.; Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Kentucky, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Hunyadi, Simona E.] USDA, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Unrine, JM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jason.unrine@uky.edu RI Judy, Jonathan/J-3749-2014; OI Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD-833335]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; DOE-Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Div [DE-FC09-96-SR18546]; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of W. Rao and A. Lanzirotti at the National Synchrotron Light Source, D. Addis at the Medical College of Georgia, and J. Mohandas and G. Jacobs at the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research. We also acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to Achieve Results grant number RD-833335 to the University of Kentucky. Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X26A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory. X26A is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS) and DOE-Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Div. (DE-FC09-96-SR18546 to the University of Kentucky). The use of the NSLS was supported by DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 68 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1942 EP 1953 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0387 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200008 PM 21284291 ER PT J AU Thompson, BM Lin, CH Hsieh, HY Kremer, RJ Lerch, RN Garrett, HE AF Thompson, Brian M. Lin, Chung-Ho Hsieh, Hsin-Yeh Kremer, Robert J. Lerch, Robert N. Garrett, Harold E. TI Evaluation of PCR-based Quantification Techniques to Estimate the Abundance of Atrazine Chlorohydrolase Gene atzA in Rhizosphere Soils SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SP. STRAIN ADP; SYBR-GREEN-I; PSEUDOMONAS SP; MINERALIZATION; PURIFICATION; DNA; DEGRADATION; CATABOLISM; HERBICIDES; BACTERIAL AB There are many. challenges in the accurate quantification of bacterial genes, such as the atrazine-degrading enzyme atzA from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP from soil samples. We compared four quantitative methods for enumeration of atrazine-degrading, bacteria in rhizosphere environments and utilized the optimal probe-based real-time polymerase Chain, reaction (PCR)-based method in an ongoing bioremediation experiment to monitor atzA copy number over rime. We compared three quantitative PCR (qPCR) based methods-quantitative competitive PCR and two real-time qPCR methods-to traditional dilution-plate counting techniques. The optimal real-time qPCR assay was them used to monitor atzA copy number over time in the robust atrazine-degrading Pseudamonas sp. strain ADP-spiked rhizospbere environment The use Of sensitive and reliable probe-based real-time, qPCRs tor the enumeration of bacterial catabolic genes allows for their detection from soil Samples and Monitoring of potential degradative populations Over time. The addition of atrazine-biodegrading bacteria into atrazine-contaminated sites to remove entrapped :atrazine is a promising approach for mitigating atrazine pollution and its metabolites. The methodology contained herein will allow for optimal monitoring of atzA in rhizosphere soil with or without the addition of biodegradative Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP of bacteria. C1 [Lin, Chung-Ho; Garrett, Harold E.] Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Lin, Chung-Ho; Garrett, Harold E.] Univ Missouri, Dep Forestry, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Brian M.; Hsieh, Hsin-Yeh] Univ Missouri, Dep Vet Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Thompson, Brian M.; Hsieh, Hsin-Yeh] Univ Missouri, Bond Life Sci Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kremer, Robert J.; Lerch, Robert N.] ARS, USDA, Cropping & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. RP Lin, CH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Ctr Agroforestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM linchu@missouri.edu FU University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry [58-6227-5-029]; USDA-ARS FX This work was funded through the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry under cooperative agreement 58-6227-5-029 with the USDA-ARS. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the University of Missouri. We would like to acknowledge Michael Sadowsky, University of Minnesota, for the gracious gift of the Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. We would also like to acknowledge S. Thondapu, M. Kovacs, and K. Capkovic for their valuable assistance. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1999 EP 2005 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0192 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200014 PM 21284297 ER PT J AU Zhou, XB Helmers, MJ Asbjornsen, H Kolka, R Tomer, MD AF Zhou, Xiaobo Helmers, Matthew J. Asbjornsen, Heidi Kolka, Randy Tomer, Mark D. TI Perennial Filter Strips Reduce Nitrate Levels in Soil and Shallow Groundwater after Grassland-to-Cropland Conversion SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; CONCENTRATED FLOW; RIPARIAN BUFFERS; HILLS CATCHMENT; WATER NITRATE; OVERLAND-FLOW; COVER CROPS; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB Many croplands planted to perennial grasses under the Conservation Reserve Program are being returned to crop production, and with potential consequences for water quality. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of grassland-to-cropland conversion on nitrate-nitrogen (NO(3)-N) concentrations in soil and shallow groundwater and to assess the potential for perennial filter strips (PFS) to mitigate increases in NO(3)-N levels. The study, conducted at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge (NSNWR) in central Iowa, consisted of a balanced incomplete block design with 12 watersheds and four watershed-scale treatments having different proportions and topographic positions of PFS planted in native prairie grasses: 100% rowcrop, 10% PFS (toeslope position), 10% PFS (distributed on toe and as contour strips), and 20% PFS (distributed on toe and as contour strips). All treatments were established in fall 2006 on watersheds that were under bromegrass (Bromus L.) cover for at least 10 yr. Nonperennial areas were maintained under a no-till 2-yr corn (Zea mays L.)- soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] rotation since spring 2007. Suction lysimeter and shallow groundwater wells located at upslope and toeslope positions were sampled monthly during the growing season to determine NO(3)-N concentration from 2005 to 2008. The results indicated significant increases in NO(3)-N concentration in soil and groundwater following grassland-to-cropland conversion. Nitrate-nitrogen levels in the vadose zone and groundwater under PFS were lower compared with 100% cropland, with the most significant differences occurring at the toeslope position. During the years following conversion, PFS mitigated increases in subsurface nitrate, but long-term monitoring is needed to observe and understand the full response to land-use conversion. C1 [Zhou, Xiaobo; Helmers, Matthew J.] Iowa State Univ, Dep Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Asbjornsen, Heidi] Iowa State Univ, Dep Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kolka, Randy] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. [Tomer, Mark D.] ARS, USDA, Agroecosyst Management Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhou, XB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dep Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xzhou@iastate.edu FU Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station; Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship FX Funding for this project was provided by the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship. Pauline Drobney and the staff at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge are gratefully acknowledged for their support of this project. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2006 EP 2015 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0151 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200015 PM 21284298 ER PT J AU Bradford, SA Kim, H AF Bradford, Scott A. Kim, Hyunjung TI Implications of Cation Exchange on Clay Release and Colloid-Facilitated Transport in Porous Media SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID STRONGLY SORBING CONTAMINANTS; LABORATORY COLUMN; MODEL; DETACHMENT; PREDICTION AB Column experiments were conducted to study chemical factors that influence the release of clay (kaolinite and quartz minerals) from saturated Ottawa sand of different sizes (710, 360, and 240 pm). A relatively minor enhancement of clay release occurred when the pH was increased (5.8 to 10) or the ionic strength (IS) was decreased to deionized (DI) water. In contrast, clay release was dramatically enhanced when monovalent Na(+) was exchanged for multivalent cations (e.g., Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) on the clay and sand and then the solution IS was reduced to DI water. This solution chemistry sequence decreased the adhesive force acting on the clay as a result of an increase in the magnitude of the clay and sand zeta potential with cation exchange, and expansion of the double layer thickness with a decrease in IS to DI water. The amount of clay release was directly dependent on the Na(+) concentration of the exchanging solution and on the initial clay content of the sand (0.026-0.054% of the total mass). These results clearly demonstrated the importance of the order and magnitude of the solution chemistry sequence on clay release. Column results and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images also indicated that the clay was reversibly retained on the sand, despite predictions of irreversible interaction in the primary minimum. One plausible explanation is that adsorbed cations increased the separation distance between the clay-solid interfaces as a result of repulsive hydration forces. A cleaning procedure was subsequently developed to remove clay via cation exchange and IS reduction; SEM images demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach. The transport of Cu(2+) was then shown to be dramatically enhanced by an order of magnitude in peak concentration by adsorption on clays that were released following cation exchange and IS reduction. C1 [Bradford, Scott A.] ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Kim, Hyunjung] Chonbuk Natl Univ, Dep Mineral Resources & Energy Engn, Jeonju 561756, Jeonbuk, South Korea. RP Bradford, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM scott.bradford@ars.usda.gov RI Kim, Hyunjung/F-1505-2013 OI Kim, Hyunjung/0000-0003-2115-6891 FU USDA-ARS; NRI [NRI 2006-02541] FX This research was supported by the 206 Manure and Byproduct Utilization Project of the USDA-ARS, and by a grant from NRI (NRI 2006-02541). Mention of trade names and company names in this manuscript does not imply any endorsement or preferential treatment by the USDA. We would also like to acknowledge the help of Lorena Altamirano in conducting some of the clay release experiments, Dr. Chong Hyun Chang in taking the SEM photos, Judith Turk and Dr. Robert Graham for performing the clay mineralogy analyses, and Dr. Sabine Goldberg for many helpful discussions. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2040 EP 2046 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0156 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200018 PM 21284301 ER PT J AU Nangia, V Mulla, DJ Gowda, PH AF Nangia, V. Mulla, D. J. Gowda, P. H. TI Precipitation Changes Impact Stream Discharge, Nitrate-Nitrogen Load More Than Agricultural Management Changes SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER-QUALITY; UNITED-STATES; FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; TILE DRAINAGE; RACCOON RIVER; CLIMATE; LOSSES; TRENDS; MINNESOTA AB Nitrate-N losses to surface waters in the Upper Midwest of the Untied States have increased in recent decades, contributing to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. This paper investigates whether increasing nitrate-N export from cropland in the Upper Midwest since the late 1960s results from changes in land use or climate. The Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) Model simulated current and historical agricultural systems under past and recent wet climate for Seven Mile Creek in Minnesota. Simulations were run with management and climate for three distinctly different periods-namely, 1965 to 1969, 1976 to 1980, and 1999 to 2003 (wettest period). Results showed discharge and nitrate-N losses responded more to changes in climate than management. The wetter period (1999-2003) caused a simulated 70% increase in discharge under 1960s-era management compared with that period's observed climate and a simulated 51% increase in discharge under 1970s-era management compared with the 1976 to 1980 climate. The recent, wetter climate also produced a 62% increase in nitrate-N losses for 1960s-era management compared with the actual climate and a 137% increase in nitrate-N losses for 1978 management conditions compared with actual 1970s climate. Had recent climate been in place and stable since 1965, agricultural changes would have decreased discharge by 6.4% through the lace 1970s and then by another 21.1% under modern management but would have increased nitrate-N losses by 184% through the late 1970s and then decreased nitrate-N losses by 13.5% between 1978 and 2001. Management changes that were important drivers included increasing N-fertilizer rates, increases in corn acreage, and increases in crop yield. But the most important factor driving increased nitrate-N losses from agriculture since the 1970s was an increasingly wetter climate. C1 [Nangia, V.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. [Mulla, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dep Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gowda, P. H.] ARS, USDA, CPRL, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Nangia, V (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM vinay.nangia@agr.gc.ca NR 39 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2063 EP 2071 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0105 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200021 PM 21284304 ER PT J AU Church, CD Kleinman, PJA Bryant, RB Saporito, LS Allen, AL AF Church, Clinton D. Kleinman, Peter J. A. Bryant, Ray B. Saporito, Lou S. Allen, Arthur L. TI Occurrence of Arsenic and Phosphorus in Ditch Flow from Litter-amended Soils and Barn Areas SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; SPECIATION; ROXARSONE; GROUNDWATER; CHLOROPHYLL; NITROGEN AB Little is known about the fate of arsenic (As) in land-applied litter from chickens that have been fed roxarsone, an organic feed additive containing As. This study seeks to elucidate the transfer of As in runoff from ditch-drained soils of the poultry-producing region of the Delmarva Peninsula by tracking As, and phosphorus (P) export from seven drainage ditches over two water-years (1 July 2005 to 30 June 2007). Annual losses of As from ditches ranged from 0.004 to 0.071 kg ha(-1) while P losses ranged from 0.33 to 18.56 kg ha(-1), with the largest I loads associated with a litter storage shed that served as a point source. Event-based As and P losses in ditch flow fluctuated by a factor of 162 and 1882, respectively. The two elements were correlated in flow from the ditch draining a litter storage shed (r = 0.99), and in sediment extracts in soils near the litter, shed (r = 0.73), pointing to similar behavior under point source conditions. Indeed, As and P exhibited similar behavior within storms for all ditches, characterized by relatively high initial concentrations subject to rapid concentration declines before peak flow, consistent with dilution of a finite source. However, As and P concentrations varied significantly between ditches and showed considerable temporal variability within ditches, with no clear seasonal trends or associations with current management strategies. The results suggest that similar management strategies might be effective for As and P point sources, but that field management practices geared toward controlling nonpoint source P losses may not readily transfer to the control of As losses. C1 [Church, Clinton D.; Kleinman, Peter J. A.; Bryant, Ray B.; Saporito, Lou S.] ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Allen, Arthur L.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dep Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Church, CD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM Clinton.Church@ars.usda.gov FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) FX The authors extend thanks to the staff of the Nutrient Management Laboratory at University of Maryland Eastern Shore (Don Mahan and Janice Donohoe) and the Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit of the USDA Agricultural Research Service (Mary Kay Lupton, Paul Spock, and Joan Weaver). Research was supported in part by funding through the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES). Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the USDA. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by USDA-ARS. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2080 EP 2088 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0210 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200023 PM 21284306 ER PT J AU Wilson, PC Riiska, C Albano, JP AF Wilson, P. Chris Riiska, Catherine Albano, Joseph P. TI Nontarget Deposition and Losses of Chlorothalonil in Irrigation Runoff Water from a Commercial Foliage Plant Nursery SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PESTICIDES; TOXICITY AB Commercial foliage plant production requires the use of pesticides for controlling pests and pathogens that can reduce aesthetic qualities of crops, rendering them unwanted by consumers. Chlorothalonil is a common, broad-spectrum, foliar fungicide used for protecting plants from a variety of fungal diseases. This fungicide may also be acutely toxic to nontarget aquatic organisms due to its mode of action. This study evaluated the amount of chlorothalonil deposited on nontarget ground surfaces during normal sprayer applications at a commercial nursery using Teflon targets. One day following application, irrigation runoff events were initiated and runoff water samples were collected and analyzed for chlorothalonil. Discharge volumes were also measured to allow estimation of the total mass of chlorothalonil discharged during each event. Results indicated that 9.8 to 53.6% of the active ingredient applied landed on nontarget ground surfaces depending on plant size, spacing, and row lengths (short rows sprayed from one side vs. longer rows sprayed from both ends). On an entire production-area scale, 29.2% of the active ingredient applied was deposited on ground surfaces. Of the total nontarget deposition, 0.25 to 0.53% was detected in runoff water discharged from the production area. Concentrations ranged from 1.2 to 500 mu g/L during the first runoff events following application. C1 [Wilson, P. Chris; Riiska, Catherine] Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dep, IFAS Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Albano, Joseph P.] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Wilson, PC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Soil & Water Sci Dep, IFAS Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM pcwilson@ufl.edu FU USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative [6618-13000-003-05S] FX Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support of this project from the USDA-ARS Floriculture and Nursery Research Initiative; project number 6618-13000-003-05S "Water Quality Protection Using Bioremediation and Decision Support Technologies." We thank Ryan Hamm, University of Florida, and Chris Lasser, USDA, for their technical assistance with this project. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2130 EP 2137 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0221 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200028 PM 21284311 ER PT J AU Pepper, IL Brooks, JP Sinclair, RG Gurian, PL Gerba, CP AF Pepper, Ian L. Brooks, John P. Sinclair, Ryan G. Gurian, Patrick L. Gerba, Charles P. TI Pathogens and Indicators in United States Class B Biosolids: National and Historic Distributions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; WATER; SLUDGE AB This paper reports on a major study of the incidence of indicator organisms and pathogens found within Class B biosolids within 21 samplings from 18 wastewater treatment plants across the United States. This is the first major study of its kind since the promulgation of the USEPA Part 503 Rule in 1993, and includes samples before and after the Part 503 Rule was promulgated. National distributions collected between 2005 and 2008 show that the incidence of bacterial and viral pathogens in Class B mesophilic, anaerobically digested biosolicts were generally low with the exception of adenoviruses, which were more prevalent than enteric viruses. No Ascaris ova were detected in any sample. In contrast, indicator organism numbers were uniformly high, regardless of whether they were bacteria (fecal coliforms) or viruses (phage). Indicators were not correlated with pathogen loads. Historic distributions were collected between 1988 and 2006 at one location in Tucson, AZ. By comparing data collected before and after 1993, the influence of the USEPA Part 503 Rule on indicator and pathogen levels within Class B biosolids can be inferred. In general, the bacterial indicators total and fecal coliforms decreased from the 1980s to present. Enteric virus concentrations after 1993 are much lower than those reported in other studies in the 1980s, although our values from 1988 to 1993 are not significantly different from our values obtained from 1994 to 2006. Presumably this is due to better and more consistent treatment of the wastewater, illustrating that the Part 503 Rule has been effective in reducing public exposure to pathogens relative to 17 yr ago. The percent reduction of both indicators and pathogens during anaerobic mesophilic digestion was between 94 and 99% for all organisms, illustrating that such treatment is effective in reducing pathogen loads. C1 [Pepper, Ian L.] Univ Arizona, Dep Soil Water & Environm Sci, Environm Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA. [Brooks, John P.] USDA ARS, Genet & Precis Agr Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Sinclair, Ryan G.] Loma Linda Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dep Environm Hlth, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. [Gurian, Patrick L.] Drexel Univ, Dep Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gerba, Charles P.] Univ Arizona, Dep Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Pepper, IL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dep Soil Water & Environm Sci, Environm Res Lab, 2601 E Airport Dr, Tucson, AZ 85756 USA. EM ipepper@ag.arizona.edu RI Gurian, Patrick/A-8365-2013; Sinclair, Ryan/E-8803-2012 OI Gurian, Patrick/0000-0001-7456-9740; Sinclair, Ryan/0000-0003-4360-2071 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 2185 EP 2190 DI 10.2134/jeq2010.0037 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200034 PM 21284317 ER PT J AU Johnson, JB Ford, WM Rodrigue, JL Edwards, JW Johnson, CM AF Johnson, Joshua B. Ford, W. Mark Rodrigue, Jane L. Edwards, John W. Johnson, Catherine M. TI Roost Selection by Male Indiana Myotis Following Forest Fires in Central Appalachian Hardwoods Forests SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Fernow Experimental Forest; forest fire; Indiana myotis; Myotis sodalis; prescribed fire; roost selection; West Virginia AB Despite the potential for prescribed fire and natural wildfire to increase snag abundance in hardwood forests, few studies have investigated effects of fire on bat roosting habitat, particularly that of the endangered Indiana myotis Myotis sodalis. From 2001 to 2009, we examined roost selection of Indiana myotis in burned and unburned forests in Tucker County, West Virginia. We radiotracked 15 male Indiana myotis to 50 roost trees; 16 in burned stands and 34 in unburned stands. Indiana myotis roosted in stands that had initially been burned 1-3 y prior to our observations. In burned stands, Indiana myotis roosted exclusively in fire-killed maples (Acer spp.). In unburned stands, they roosted in live trees, predominately hickories (Carya spp.), oaks (Quercus spp.), and maples. Roost trees in burned stands were surrounded by less basal area and by trees in advanced stages of decay, creating larger canopy gaps than at random trees in burned stands or actual roost trees located in unburned stands. Compared to random trees in unburned stands, roost trees in unburned stands were less decayed, had higher percent bark coverage, and were surrounded by less basal area, also resulting in larger canopy gaps. Roost-switching frequency and distances moved by Indiana myotis among roost trees were similar between burned and unburned stands. Our research indicates that use of fire for forest management purposes, at minimum provoked no response from Indiana myotis in terms of roost tree selection, and may create additional roost resources, depending on spatial context. C1 [Johnson, Joshua B.; Edwards, John W.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Ford, W. Mark] USA, Engineer & Res Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Rodrigue, Jane L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. [Johnson, Catherine M.] US Forest Serv, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP Johnson, JB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM j-johnson3@juno.com FU U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station [06-JV-11242300-140]; Florida Power and Light and BHE Environmental [06-CO-112331-034] FX The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Northern Research Station Joint Venture Agreement 06-JV-11242300-140 provided primary funding for our study from the National Fire Plan to West Virginia University, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources. Funding for prescribed burning was provided by a grant from Florida Power and Light and BHE Environmental to the U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station through Collection Agreement 06-CO-112331-034. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 33 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.3996/042010-JFWM-007 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600007 ER PT J AU Britzke, ER Slack, BA Armstrong, MP Loeb, SC AF Britzke, Eric R. Slack, Brooke A. Armstrong, Mike P. Loeb, Susan C. TI Effects of Orientation and Weatherproofing on the Detection of Bat Echolocation Calls SO JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE activity; Anabat; bats; orientation; weatherproofing AB Ultrasonic detectors are powerful tools for the study of bat ecology. Many options are available for deploying acoustic detectors including various weatherproofing designs and microphone orientations, but the impacts of these options on the quantity and quality of the bat calls that are recorded are unknown. We compared the impacts of three microphone orientations (horizontal, 45 degrees, and vertical) and two weatherproofing designs (polyvinyl chloride tubes and the BatHat) on the number of calls detected, call quality, and species detected by the Anabat II bat detector system at 17 sites in central Kentucky in May and June 2008. Detectors with BatHat weatherproofing recorded significantly fewer call sequences, pulses per file, species per site, and lower quality calls. Detectors in the horizontal position also tended to record fewer files, fewer species, and lower quality calls. These results illustrate potential impacts of deployment method on quality and quantity of data obtained. Because weatherproofing and orientation impacted the quality and quantity of data recorded, comparison of results using different methodologies should be made with caution. C1 [Britzke, Eric R.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Slack, Brooke A.] Kentucky Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Armstrong, Mike P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kentucky Ecol Serv Field Off, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. [Loeb, Susan C.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Britzke, ER (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM eric.r.britzke@usace.army.mil FU Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kentucky Ecological Service Field Office FX This study was supported by the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kentucky Ecological Service Field Office. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 23 PU U S FISH & WILDLIFE SERVICE PI SHEPHERDSTOWN PA NATL CONSERVATION TRAINING CENTER, CONSERVATION LIBRARY, 698 CONSERVATION WAY, SHEPHERDSTOWN, WV 25443 USA SN 1944-687X J9 J FISH WILDL MANAG JI J. Fish Wildl. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 2 BP 136 EP 141 DI 10.3996/072010-JFWM-025 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V26LH UT WOS:000208546600010 ER PT J AU Li, H Qiao, G Li, Q Zhou, W Won, KM Xu, DH Park, SI AF Li, H. Qiao, G. Li, Q. Zhou, W. Won, K. M. Xu, D-H Park, S-I TI Biological characteristics and pathogenicity of a highly pathogenic Shewanella marisflavi infecting sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE biological characteristics; pathogenicity; sea cucumber; Shewanella marisflavi ID PSEUDOMONAS-PUTREFACIENS BACTEREMIA; AEROMONAS STRAINS; SP-NOV.; WATER; ALTEROMONAS; ALGA; MANIFESTATIONS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VIRULENCE; PROPOSAL AB Shewanella marisflavi isolate AP629 is described as a novel pathogen of sea cucumber. The LD(50) values (14 days) in sea cucumber, mice and swordtail fish were 3.89 x 106, 6.80 x 104 and 4.85 x 104 CFU g-1 body weight, respectively. Studies on S. marisflavi were conducted, including morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, haemolysis, whole-cell protein and 16S rDNA gene sequence. Colonies of S. marisflavi appeared faint red on marine agar and green on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose media. Shewanella marisflavi had polar flagella. The cells were Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive and not sensitive to O/129. The bacterium exhibited beta-haemolysis on sheep blood agar and produced H(2)S. Shewanella marisflavi survived and grew at 4-35 degrees C, pH 6.0-9.2 and in the presence of 0-8% NaCl. The whole-cell proteins included 13 discrete bands, and proteins of molecular weight 87, 44 and 39 kDa were found in all five strains of Shewanella spp. The difference in 16S rDNA gene sequences in S. marisflavi was at the 446 bp site: S. marisflavi (KCCM 41822) - G, isolate AP629 - A. This is the first report that Shewanella is pathogenic to sea cucumber. C1 [Won, K. M.; Park, S-I] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Aquat Life Med, Pusan, South Korea. [Li, H.; Qiao, G.; Li, Q.; Zhou, W.] Dalian Fisheries Univ, PRC, Minist Agr, Key Lab Mariculture & Biotechnol, Dalian, Liaoning Prov, Peoples R China. [Xu, D-H] ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Park, SI (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Aquat Life Med, Pusan, South Korea. EM lihua@dlfu.edu.cn; parksi@pknu.ac.kr FU National Key Projects; National Science & Technology Pillar Programme [2006BAD09A01]; National 908 Special Projects [908-ZH-03]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800853]; Science & Technology Project of Dalian [2004B1NC030, 2006B11NC109] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Key Projects, National Science & Technology Pillar Programme during the eleventh Five-Year- Plan period (2006BAD09A01), National 908 Special Projects (908-ZH-03), National Natural Science Foundation of China (30800853) and Science & Technology Project of Dalian (2004B1NC030; 2006B11NC109). NR 45 TC 17 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 33 IS 11 BP 865 EP 877 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01189.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 660ZH UT WOS:000282689500001 PM 21039606 ER PT J AU Lloyd, T Alvarado, CZ McKee, SR Berrang, ME AF Lloyd, T. Alvarado, C. Z. McKee, S. R. Berrang, M. E. TI CONTROL OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN HAM DELI LOAVES USING ORGANIC ACIDS SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM LACTATE; SODIUM DIACETATE; MEAT-PRODUCTS; GROWTH; SAUSAGE; INHIBITION; SURVIVAL AB Combinations of organic acids, sodium lactate (SL; Fisher Scientific Co. LLC., Pittsburgh, PA), potassium lactate (PL; City Chemical LLC., West Haven, CT) and sodium diacetate (SD; Spectrum Chemical MFG. Corp., Gardena, CA), were applied in the raw product and as a post-cook dip to determine their inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes in ham deli loaves. Loaves were formulated with an organic acid as an ingredient, cooked, cooled, inoculated with streptomycin-resistant L. monocytogenes and then dipped in an organic acid treatment. Treatments consisted of PL in the raw product and PL in the dip, PL with SL/PL/SD dip, SL/SD with PL dip, and SL/SD with SL/PL/SD dip. Loaves were examined on a weekly basis for 56 days. Treatments containing PL with SL/PL/SD, SL/SD with PL, and SL/SD with SL/PL/SD had similar inhibition effects on L. monocytogenes from day 0 to day 42 (P < 0.05). On day 56, the PL with SL/PL/SD and the SL/SD with SL/PL/SD treatments were similar (P < 0.05). The PL with SL/PL/SD, SL/SD with PL, and SL/SD with SL/PL/SD treatments increased the lag phase of L. monocytogenes compared with distilled water control (P < 0.05). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Including a food grade organic acid-based product in the formulation and as a post-cook dip treatment can result in the slower growth of Listeria monocytogenes in deli ham loaves. This approach could provide meat processors with a useful method for controlling this deadly pathogen in ready-to-eat meat products. C1 [Lloyd, T.; Alvarado, C. Z.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. [McKee, S. R.] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Berrang, M. E.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Alvarado, CZ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79423 USA. EM christine.alvarado@ttu.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 4 BP 793 EP 803 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00242.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 669BG UT WOS:000283320800003 ER PT J AU Bitterli, C Banuelos, GS Schulin, R AF Bitterli, C. Banuelos, G. S. Schulin, R. TI Use of transfer factors to characterize uptake of selenium by plants SO JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE Selenium; Transfer factors ID ALLUVIAL SOILS; ACCUMULATION; SELENATE; WHEAT; CROPS; BIOFORTIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; ADSORPTION; PHYTOREMEDIATION; SELENOMETHIONINE AB The radioactive selenium isotope Se-79 can be a component of radioactive waste produced in nuclear power plants The accidental release of Se-79 in the environment from power plants or nuclear waste repositories and subsequent transfer of Se-79 into soils plants and food chain are relevant concerns in Europe In environmental risk assessment models the ability of plants to take up Se is often characterized by means of soil to-plant transfer factors (IF) However these recommendations take little or no account of the variability in plant Se accumulation among plant species and differences in Se distribution between plant parts Also such factors as soil type form of Se climatic conditions as well as the chemical form in which Se is present in the soil are not taken into consideration This paper reviews the current knowledge on Se uptake by plants and compiles published data on the transfer of Se from soils and nutrient solutions into plants The data were categorized according to the form of Se supply i e when added as either selenate or selenite to nutrient solutions or soils or whether plant Se accumulation was studied on soil containing only natural-occurring Se (native Se) Plant Se accumulation can vary more than two orders of magnitudes at a given soil Se concentration for a specific form of soil Se (i e native soil Se Se added as selenate or as selenite) among different plant taxa Differences observed in the transfer of Se from soil into plants appear to result primarily from differences in the solubility of Se species in soil and only to a minor degree from differences in plant uptake efficiency among these species Values of the TF for Se were found to lie between 0 01 and 100 with few exceptions Transfer factor values derived from studies in which Se was added to soil as selenate or selenite were generally found to be one or more orders of magnitude higher for a given plant species and plant part than TF values derived for native Se Situations where radioactive Se has been accidentally released into the environment may be better represented by TF values for experimentally added Se than by TF values computed for native soil Se The uncertainty in selecting a TF value for modeling Se transfer from soil into plants can be substantially reduced by identifying the predominant Se form in the soil the plant species and the target plant parts The large variability in TF values suggests that It is still Important to understand the complexity of the soil-plant system when selecting TF values to assess risks arising from the transfer of accidentally released Se-79 from soil into plants Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Banuelos, G. S.] USDA ARS, Parlier, CA USA. [Bitterli, C.; Schulin, R.] ETH, Inst Terr Ecosyst, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA USA. NR 64 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-6742 J9 J GEOCHEM EXPLOR JI J. Geochem. Explor. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 107 IS 2 SI SI BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.09.009 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 699ZG UT WOS:000285701300016 ER PT J AU Yang, K Jeong, N Moon, JK Lee, YH Lee, SH Kim, HM Hwang, CH Back, K Palmer, RG Jeong, SC AF Yang, Kiwoung Jeong, Namhee Moon, Jung-Kyung Lee, Yeong-Ho Lee, Suk-Ha Kim, Hwan Mook Hwang, Cheol Ho Back, Kyoungwhan Palmer, Reid G. Jeong, Soon-Chun TI Genetic Analysis of Genes Controlling Natural Variation of Seed Coat and Flower Colors in Soybean SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; flower color; Glycine max; molecular marker; seed coat color; soybean ID SINGLE-BASE DELETION; GLYCINE-MAX; FLAVONOID 3'-HYDROXYLASE; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; SYNTHASE GENE; LOCUS; ARABIDOPSIS; PIGMENTATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; ASSOCIATION AB Soybean exhibits natural variation in flower and seed coat colors via the deposition of various anthocyanin pigments in the respective tissues. Although pigmentation in seeds or flowers has been well dissected at molecular level in several plant species, the genes controlling natural variation in anthocyanin traits in the soybean are not completely understood. To evaluate the genetic correlation between genetic loci and genes, 8 enzyme-encoding gene families and a transcription factor were localized in a soybean genome-wide genetic map. Among the seed coat color-controlling loci, the genetic location of the gene encoding for W1 was substantiated in the context of the current soybean molecular genetic map and O was postulated to correspond to anthocyanidin reductase. Among the genetic loci that regulate flower pigmentation, the genetic locations of the genes encoding for W1, W4, and Wp were identified, W3 was mapped on soybean linkage group B2 (chromosome 14), and W2 was postulated to correspond to an MYB transcription factor. Correlation studies between the developed markers and 3 color-controlling loci provided important empirical data that should prove useful in the design of marker-assisted breeding schemes as well as future association studies involving soybean. C1 [Yang, Kiwoung; Jeong, Namhee; Kim, Hwan Mook; Jeong, Soon-Chun] Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Bio Evaluat Ctr, Cheongwon 363883, Chungbuk, South Korea. [Moon, Jung-Kyung; Lee, Yeong-Ho] Rural Dev Adm, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Suwon, South Korea. [Lee, Suk-Ha] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Lee, Suk-Ha] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Hwang, Cheol Ho] Dankook Univ, Dept Crop Sci & Biotechnol, Chungnam, South Korea. [Back, Kyoungwhan] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Palmer, Reid G.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. RP Jeong, SC (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, Bio Evaluat Ctr, Cheongwon 363883, Chungbuk, South Korea. EM scjeong@kribb.re.kr FU Rural Development Administration, the Republic of Korea [20080401034011, 20050401034602]; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology FX BioGreen 21 Project (code no. 20080401034011 and 20050401034602), Rural Development Administration, the Republic of Korea, and, in part, by the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Initiative Program. NR 46 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 101 IS 6 BP 757 EP 768 DI 10.1093/jhered/esq078 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 673VG UT WOS:000283691400010 PM 20584753 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Horton, DL Fuest, J AF Cottrell, Ted E. Horton, D. L. Fuest, J. TI Tree Height Influences Flight of Lesser Peachtree Borer and Peachtree Borer (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) Males (vol 23, pg 329, 2010) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Correction C1 [Cottrell, Ted E.] ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Horton, D. L.; Fuest, J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM ted.cottrell@ars.usda.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 6 BP 481 EP 482 DI 10.1007/s10905-010-9223-y PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 666EZ UT WOS:000283097500008 ER PT J AU Pereira, R Sivinski, J Teal, P Brockmann, J AF Pereira, Rui Sivinski, John Teal, Peter Brockmann, Jane TI Enhancing male sexual success in a lekking fly (Anastrepha suspensa Diptera: Tephritidae) through a juvenile hormone analog has no effect on adult mortality SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tephritidae; Lek; Sexual selection; Anastrepha suspensa ID CARIBBEAN FRUIT-FLY; FLIES DIPTERA; LOEW DIPTERA; REDUCES LONGEVITY; DIETARY-PROTEIN; COMPETITIVENESS; REPRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE; METHOPRENE; SURVIVAL AB While defending lek-territories, male Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) produce chemical, acoustic and visual courtship signals. In the laboratory and under semi-natural conditions, topical application of the juvenile hormone analog methoprene doubles pheromone production and subsequently doubles sexual success. However, sexual signals and interactions are likely to be physiologically expensive and so result in higher male mortality. Comparison of males kept in isolation for 35 days, but provided daily with a potential mate or a rival male, revealed that both male- and female-interactors shortened focal-male lifespan. In addition, focal males were either treated with methoprene or not, then either provided with protein in their sucrose-based diet or not. Protein proved to similarly double sexual success and also resulted in longer male life spans in all of the interactor-categories. However, there was no evidence that methoprene induced hypersexuality resulted in higher rates of mortality, i.e., the longevity of males treated with methoprene did not significantly differ from untreated males in the same interactor/diet categories. This apparent lack of costs to a putatively sexually selected signal is unexpected but presents an opportunity to increase the sexual competence of sterile flies with few consequences to their survival following mass-release. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Pereira, Rui; Sivinski, John; Teal, Peter] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Pereira, Rui] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Brockmann, Jane] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL USA. EM john.sivinski@ars.usda.gov FU International Atomic Energy Agency [12863]; Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia da Madeira [BD I/2002-004] FX We are grateful to Boaz Yuval, Pablo Liedo, Dan Hahn and Nikos Kouloussis for thorough and helpful reviews. This project was funded in part by the International Atomic Energy Agency (Research Contract 12863). Financial support was provided to RP by the Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia da Madeira through the Ph.D. grant BD I/2002-004.Charles Stuhl and Gina Posey contributed their technical skills to the experiment. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1552 EP 1557 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.05.008 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 651LP UT WOS:000281929500008 PM 20470780 ER PT J AU Jiang, XF Luo, LZ Sappington, TW AF Jiang, Xing Fu Luo, Li Zhi Sappington, Thomas W. TI Relationship of flight and reproduction in beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a migrant lacking the oogenesis-flight syndrome SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; Oogenesis-flight syndrome; Flight; Reproduction; Migration ID CYDIA-POMONELLA; MATING STATUS; LIFE-HISTORY; TRADE-OFFS; MIGRATION; DISPERSAL; AGE; FERTILITY; CRICKETS; BEHAVIOR AB The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, undertakes long-distance migration. We used flight mills to investigate the interaction between flight and reproduction in this species given the apparent absence of the oogenesis-flight syndrome. This syndrome, common in many migratory insects, is characterized by a suite of traits including migration during the pre-oviposition period followed by a switch to oogenesis. No negative effects of inter-ovipositional flight on lifetime fecundity were observed. Instead, adult reproductive output suffered when female flight was initiated the first day after eclosion and before oviposition, suggesting that migratory flight overlaps with the oviposition period rather than being confined to the pre-oviposition period. Mating status of both females and males had no negative influence on their flight performance except that flight distance and flight duration of 7-day-old mated females were significantly less than in unmated females. Furthermore, the number of eggs produced and mating frequency of females less than 7 days of age were not significantly correlated with flight performance, suggesting reproductive development paralleled and was independent of migratory behavior. This independent relationship between flight and reproduction of adults is consistent with the very short pre-oviposition period in this species, and suggests that resources are partitioned between these activities during pupal development. Together, our results uncovered neither obvious trade-offs nor mutual suppression between flight and reproduction in S. exigua, which indicates the lack of an oogenesis-flight syndrome for coordination of these two energy-intensive processes. We propose a conceptual model of migration for this species based on the current and previous studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jiang, Xing Fu; Luo, Li Zhi] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. [Sappington, Thomas W.] Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jiang, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Biol Plant Dis & Insect Pests, Inst Plant Protect, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China. EM xfjiang@ippcaas.cn FU National Department of Public Benefit Research Foundation [200803007]; National Department of Transgenic Crops Cultivation Research Foundation [2009ZX08011-018B]; Major State Basic Research Development Program [2006CB102001]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871641]; Natural Science Foundation of Beijing [6072023] FX We thank the USDA-ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA for providing an opportunity to present this study as a poster at the 2010 North Central Branch Entomological Society of America meeting in Louisville, KY. Response to the poster encouraged this manuscript's composition. This work was funded by projects under the National Department of Public Benefit Research Foundation (200803007), National Department of Transgenic Crops Cultivation Research Foundation (2009ZX08011-018B), the Major State Basic Research Development Program (Grant 2006CB102001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871641), and Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (6072023). NR 68 TC 16 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1631 EP 1637 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.06.006 PG 7 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 651LP UT WOS:000281929500018 PM 20561527 ER PT J AU Vrzal, EM Allan, SA Hahn, DA AF Vrzal, E. M. Allan, S. A. Hahn, D. A. TI Amino acids in nectar enhance longevity of female Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex quinquefasciatus; Sugar feeding; Nutrition; Amino acids; Survival ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; ADULT DIET; LIFE-SPAN; VECTOR COMPETENCE; LANTANA-CAMARA; FECUNDITY; LARVAL; NUTRITION; CULICIDAE AB Culex mosquitoes feed on a wide range of nectars consisting of mostly carbohydrates and amino acids, however, little is known about the utilization and effects of these different carbohydrates and their accompanying amino acids on longevity. Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were reared on low- and high-quantity food diets to produce adults that were nutritionally representative of wild-caught and laboratory-reared mosquitoes. Emerging adults reared on low- or high-quantity food diets as larvae were then provided Lantana camara nectar mimics containing mixtures of carbohydrates and amino acids to evaluate effects of nectar amino acids on longevity. Carbohydrates (with or without amino acids) were a critical component of the adult diet, and in their absence, adult mosquitoes died within 3-5 days. The nectar mimic that contained both carbohydrates and amino acids did not increase adult longevity of males originating from either poorly or well-fed larvae. However, females receiving adult diets containing both carbohydrates and amino acids lived 5% longer than females fed adult diets with only sugar. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Vrzal, E. M.; Allan, S. A.] ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Hahn, D. A.] Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allan, SA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Sandy.Allan@ars.usda.gov RI Hahn, Daniel/B-6971-2012 FU Deployed War-Fighters Protection Program; William C. and Bertha M. Cornett Fellowship FX Thanks are extended to Kathy Milne, Frank Wessels and Julie McClurg for laboratory support and with assays. Frank Wessels, Lee Cohnstaedt and Dan Kline kindly provided comments on early versions of this paper. This research was funded in part by the Deployed War-Fighters Protection Program and the William C. and Bertha M. Cornett Fellowship. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1659 EP 1664 DI 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.06.011 PG 6 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 651LP UT WOS:000281929500022 PM 20609367 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JP Shirk, PD Kelley, K Lewis, TM Horton, DR AF Shapiro, Jeffrey P. Shirk, Paul D. Kelley, Karen Lewis, Tamera M. Horton, David R. TI Identity of two sympatric species of Orius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE 18s DNA; genitalia; minute pirate bugs; sexual competition; yolk protein ELISA ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; REPRODUCTIVE DIAPAUSE; TEMPERATURE CONTROL; GENUS ORIUS; POPULATIONS; INSIDIOSUS; SPECIATION; INDUCTION; GENETICS AB The minute pirate bugs, Orius insidiosus (Say) and Orius pumilio (Champion) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), are closely related species known to be sympatric in north Florida. Here, male and female genitalia, DNA sequences, and the effects of within-and between-species pairings on egg production and egg development were examined to develop a better understanding of the relationship between these two species. Interspecific matings between the two species did not result in viable progeny. Although there were gross similarities in the morphology of the male parameres (external genitalia) between the two species, the cone in O. pumilio was much broader with a greater spiral twist and the flagellum was longer than in O. insidiosus. Correspondingly, there were differences in the morphology of the copulatory tubes of the females of the two species. In O. insidiosus, the organ was somewhat longer than in O. pumilio and oriented parallel to the abdominal midline, while the copulatory tube in O. pumilio tilted slightly towards the midline. Additionally, the copulatory tube for O. pumilio included a sclerotized basal mound that was not present in O. insidiosus. These morphological differences suggest that successful copulation between these species could be difficult. In contrast to conspecific matings, interspecific matings resulted in few or no eggs laid over a period of two weeks and no viable progeny. Comparison of the 18S ribosomal gene ITS-1 sequences between the two species demonstrated only 91% homology. When yolk protein contents were examined to determine whether reproductive physiology had shifted to full egg production, interspecifically mated females contained amounts of yolk protein comparable to that in fed, but unmated females; this was less than 10% of the yolk protein previously found in fed and conspecifically mated females. These findings together confirm that O. insidiosus and O. pumilio are indeed two separate species. C1 [Shapiro, Jeffrey P.; Shirk, Paul D.] ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Kelley, Karen] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Lewis, Tamera M.; Horton, David R.] USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Shapiro, JP (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM jeff.shapiro@ars.usda.gov; paul.shirk@ars.usda.gov; klk@biotech.ufl.edu; tamera.lewis@ars.usda.gov; david.horton@ars.usda.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV ARIZONA PI TUCSON PA LIBRARY C327, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1536-2442 J9 J INSECT SCI JI J Insect Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 10 AR 189 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 674NM UT WOS:000283753500002 PM 21265614 ER PT J AU Lopez, MD Sumerford, DV Lewis, LC AF Lopez, Miriam D. Sumerford, Douglas V. Lewis, Leslie C. TI Effects of infection with Nosema pyrausta on survival and development of offspring of laboratory selected Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible European corn borers SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostrinia nubilalis; Bacillus thuringiensis; Resistance; Assortative mating ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS RESISTANCE; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS; PINK-BOLLWORM; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; TRANSGENIC COTTON; HOST PLANTS; LEPIDOPTERA; TRANSMISSION; PYRALIDAE; CRAMBIDAE AB Infection with Nosema pyrausta Paillot lengthens developmental period of Bt-susceptible Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) to a similar extent as feeding on Cry1Ab-incorporated diet in Cry1Ab-resistant O. nubilalis, and these two factors combined lengthen developmental period further than either alone. Resistant O. nubilalis mating with infected susceptible, or infected resistant partners would produce partially- and fully-resistant offspring, respectively, infected with N. pyrausta. To investigate the impacts on the progeny of such matings, test crosses were set up to produce partially- and fully Cry1Ab-resistant O. nubilalis offspring transovarially infected and not infected with N. pyrausta, which were exposed to Cry1Ab toxin at doses of 0, 3, or 30 ng/cm(2) for 7 days. Transovarial infection with N. pyrausta significantly decreased 7 day survival of partially and fully-resistant O. nubilalis feeding on 30 ng/cm(2) Cry1Ab. In addition, N. pyrausta infection delayed larval development (as measured by weight) of partially- and fully-resistant O. nubilalis feeding on 3 and 30 ng/cm(2) Cry1Ab. Impacts of natural enemies on target pests may have the potential to impact evolution of resistance. N pyrausta-infected O. nubilalis are more strongly affected by feeding on Bt, and would be less likely to survive to adulthood to pass on resistance to the next generation. This indigenous microsporidium may work to delay evolution of resistance in O. nubilalis by lowering their ability to survive on Bt. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lopez, Miriam D.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Lewis, Leslie C.] ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sumerford, Douglas V.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lopez, MD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, C-O Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM Miriam.Lopez@ars.usda.gov; dsumerford@msn.com; leslewis@iastate.edu NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.07.004 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 675MY UT WOS:000283836000006 PM 20673768 ER PT J AU Ascunce, MS Valles, SM Oi, DH Shoemaker, D Plowes, R Gilbert, L LeBrun, EG Sanchez-Arroyo, H Sanchez-Pena, S AF Ascunce, Marina S. Valles, Steven M. Oi, David H. Shoemaker, DeWayne Plowes, Robert Gilbert, Lawrence LeBrun, Edward G. Sanchez-Arroyo, Hussein Sanchez-Pena, Sergio TI Molecular diversity of the microsporidium Kneallhazia solenopsae reveals an expanded host range among fire ants in North America SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microsporidia; Kneallhazia solenopsae; Thelohania solenopsae; Fire ants; North America; 16S rRNA gene ID INVICTA BUREN HYMENOPTERA; THELOHANIA-SOLENOPSAE; NOSEMA-CERANAE; VAIRIMORPHA-INVICTAE; APIS-MELLIFERA; UNITED-STATES; RIBOSOMAL DNA; HONEY-BEES; FORMICIDAE; INFECTION AB Kneallhazia solenopsae is a pathogenic microsporidium that infects the fire ants Solenopsis invicta and Solenopsis richteri in South America and the USA. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence and molecular diversity of K. solenopsae in fire ants from North and South America. We report the first empirical evidence of K. solenopsae infections in the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata, and S. geminata x Solenopsis xyloni hybrids, revealing an expanded host range for this microsporidium. We also analyzed the molecular diversity at the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in K. solenopsae from the ant hosts S. invicta, S. richteri, S. geminata and S. geminata x S. xyloni hybrids from North America, Argentina and Brazil. We found 22 16S haplotypes. One of these haplotypes (WD_1) appears to be widely distributed, and is found in S. invicta from the USA and S. geminata from southern Mexico. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S sequences revealed that K. solenopsae haplotypes fall into one of two major clades that are differentiated by 2-3%. In some cases, multiple K. solenopsae haplotypes per colony were found, suggesting either an incomplete homogenization among gene copies within the 16S gene cluster or multiple K. solenopsae variants simultaneously infecting host colonies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ascunce, Marina S.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Ascunce, Marina S.; Valles, Steven M.; Oi, David H.; Shoemaker, DeWayne] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. [Plowes, Robert; Gilbert, Lawrence; LeBrun, Edward G.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sanchez-Arroyo, Hussein] Inst Fitosanidad, Montecillo, Mexico State, Mexico. [Sanchez-Pena, Sergio] Univ Autonoma Agr Antonio Narro, Dept Parasitol, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. RP Ascunce, MS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Dickinson Hall,Museum Rd & Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ascunce@ufl.edu FU Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation; Helen C. Kleberg & Robert J. Kleberg Foundation; USDA-ARS; USDA-AFRI [2006-35302-16561] FX We appreciate the technical assistance provided by E. Menas and C. Strong (USDA, ARS, CMAVE), and D. Milne (USDA, ARS, CMAVE) for producing maps. We appreciate the help of Dora Estrada and Amanda Swift in the University of Texas lab. Julian Resasco (University of Florida, UF) provided us with the ants from South Carolina. We wish to thank Matt Gitzendanner (UF, Florida Museum of Natural History) for providing access and help in the use of the UF Genetic Institute Fisher Computer Cluster. We thank David Reed (UF, Florida Museum of Natural History), Jim Becnel, Man-Yeon Choi (USDA, ARS, CMAVE) and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Funding for University of Texas was provided by the Lee and Ramona Bass Foundation, and the Helen C. Kleberg & Robert J. Kleberg Foundation. Additional funding for these studies included USDA-ARS base funds and an USDA-AFRI grant to DS (Grant No. 2006-35302-16561). NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 105 IS 3 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2010.07.008 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 675MY UT WOS:000283836000010 PM 20691187 ER PT J AU Zhao, LM Becnel, JJ Clark, GG Linthicum, KJ Chen, JA Jin, XX AF Zhao, Liming Becnel, James J. Clark, Gary G. Linthicum, Kenneth J. Chen, Jian Jin, Xixuan TI Identification and Expression Profile of Multiple Genes in Response to Magnesium Exposure in Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE magnesium; Culex quinquefasciatus; gene transcription; suppression subtractive hybridization ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; HUMAN CHITOTRIOSIDASE; CARBOXYLESTERASES; CHITINASE; MOSQUITOS; DETOXIFICATION; MACROPHAGES; BACULOVIRUS; LIPOPHORIN; RESISTANCE AB Magnesium is crucial for baculovirus transmission in Culex nigripalpus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) larvae. However, the mechanistic role of magnesium in baculovirus transmission is unknown. To investigate the possible role of host response factors in baculovirus transmission, suppress ion subtractive hybridization was used to identify genes differentially transcribed after magnesium exposure in Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Suppression subtractive hybridization was performed in both directions enriching for cDNAs differentially transcribed between a nonmagnesium larval control and magnesium (15 mM MgSO(4)) treatment of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae held for 1 h at 27 degrees C. Clones from differentially transcribed genes were evaluated by sequencing, and relative gene transcription levels were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Target transcripts up/downregulated by magnesium included Cx. quinquefasciatus troponin C, isocitrate dehydrogenase, allergen, cytochrome b5, chymotrypsinogen, apolipophorins, tryptase gamma, carboxylesterase, prolylcarboxypeptidase, imaginal disc growth factor aldehyde dehydrogenase, tropomyosin-1, chitotriosidase, heat shock protein 70 B2, inorganic phosphate cotransporter, and many other hypothetical protein genes. Magnesium can alter gene transcription in a vector mosquito population, and understanding this process can provide insight into the mechanistic role of magnesium in baculovirus transmission. C1 [Zhao, Liming; Chen, Jian; Jin, Xixuan] Mid S Area Agr Res Serv, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Becnel, James J.; Clark, Gary G.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Zhao, LM (reprint author), Mid S Area Agr Res Serv, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, USDA, 59 Lee Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM liming.zhao@ars.usda.gov FU United States Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board FX We thank Drs. S. M. Valles (United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service) and L. Zhou (University of Florida) for critical reviews of the manuscript. We also thank Neil Sanscrainte (United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service) for helpful support. This work was supported by a grant from the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program funded by the United States Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1061 DI 10.1603/ME10028 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 684RR UT WOS:000284567500012 PM 21175053 ER PT J AU Rinehart, JP Yocum, GD Leopold, RA Robich, RM AF Rinehart, Joseph P. Yocum, George D. Leopold, Roger A. Robich, Rebecca M. TI Cold Storage of Culex pipiens in the Absence of Diapause SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Culex pipiens; northern house mosquito; cold storage; fecundity ID NORTHERN HOUSE MOSQUITO; ANAUTOGENOUS POPULATIONS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; EXPRESSION; AUTOGENY; FEMALES; BLOOD AB A major expenditure in vector biology laboratories is the rearing of mosquitoes. Most mosquito colonies require substantial effort to maintain, including frequent bloodmeals for optimal performance. Sucessful cryopreservation of mosquitoes continues to be elusive. Although using diapause as a storage mechanism is an option for mosquito preservation, several obstacles include the lack of a well-characterized diapause or the inability of some species to enter diapause. Thus, other options for preservation are needed. To address this issue, we investigated the use of long-term low-temperature storage in the absence of diapause for adults of the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens L. Our results indicate that although male longevity is not substantially increased by cold storage, female longevity is dramatically increased by storage at lower temperatures. When mated before storage, female: remain reproductively viable after at least 10 wk of storage, although at reduced levels. These results indicate that cold storage without diapause induction is a viable option for colony maintenance in vector biology laboratories. C1 [Rinehart, Joseph P.; Yocum, George D.; Leopold, Roger A.] USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Robich, Rebecca M.] Eastern Nazarene Coll, Quincy, MA 02170 USA. RP Rinehart, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM oseph.rinehart@ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1071 EP 1076 DI 10.1603/ME10084 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 684RR UT WOS:000284567500014 PM 21175055 ER PT J AU Cooperband, MF Golden, FV Clark, GG Jany, W Allan, SA AF Cooperband, Miriam F. Golden, Frances V. Clark, Gary G. Jany, William Allan, Sandra A. TI Prallethrin-Induced Excitation Increases Contact Between Sprayed Ultra low Volume Droplets and Flying Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Wind Tunnel SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ultralow volume droplets; excitation; mosquito behavior; wind tunnel; pyrethroids ID PYRETHROIDS; INSECTICIDE; NUMBER; SIZE AB Female Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes were exposed to sublethal amounts of v-allethrin, sumithrin, and piperonyl butoxide applied as ultralow volume (ULV) droplets in a wind tunnel. Mosquitoes were video recorded before, during, and after treatment, and the number and size of droplets on their bodies were later determined using a compound microscope. A positive correlation was found between mosquitoes that spent more time flying during the time of spraying and number of droplets on their bodies. Excitation, in the form of increased speed and duration of flight, was immediate in mosquitoes exposed to prallethrin, whereas exposure to sumithrin did not increase their exposure to the ULV droplets. The location of droplets on mosquitoes, the effects of droplet volume, and subsequent mortality are discussed. C1 [Cooperband, Miriam F.; Golden, Frances V.; Clark, Gary G.; Allan, Sandra A.] USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Jany, William] Clarke Mosquito Control, Roselle, IL 60172 USA. RP Cooperband, MF (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Otis Lab, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, 1398 W Truck Rd, Buzzards Bay, MA USA. EM miriam.f.cooperband@aphis.usda.gov FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program FX We thank Erin Vrzal for assisting with experiments and Eric Paulsen and Larry Pitts for work on the wind tunnel. This study was funded by the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Program. The research was conducted under a nonfunded cooperative agreement with Clarke Mosquito Control, Inc. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1603/ME10021 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 684RR UT WOS:000284567500018 PM 21175059 ER PT J AU Stafford, KC Allan, SA AF Stafford, Kirkby C., III Allan, Sandra A. TI Field Applications of Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae F52 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for the Control of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tick control; Ixodes scapularis; entomopathogen; fungi; biological control ID SOUTHERN NEW-YORK; LYME-DISEASE; DAMMINI ACARI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TICKS; SOILS; PATHOGENICITY; CONNECTICUT; PREVALENCE AB Two commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin were applied to residential sites in Old Lyme, CT, for the control of nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in 1999 and 2000. The pyrethroid bifenthrin was applied to other premises for comparison with B. bassiana. A wood chip barrier was installed and maintained at six of the treated properties. In 1909, control of I. scapularis nymphs ranged from 74.5 to 83.0% on lawns without wood chips and from 88.9 to 90% on lawns with wood chip barriers. As a control check, no ticks (n = 23) collected at pretreatment or control sites died from B. bassiana, although 15 of 18 nymphs from treated lawns developed mycoses. Control of I. scapularis on the lawns in 2000 with the two B. bassiana products was lower, as follows: 3,0 and 58.7% without the barrier and 56.9 and 55.1% with the wood chip barrier. Posttreatment differences in nymphal numbers between treatments and control were significant (P = 0.005 and P = 0.039, 1919 and 2000, respectively). The bifenthrin provided 86 and 87% control each year, respectively. The application of Metarhizium. anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain F52 to 9 residential sites in Westport and Weston, CT, in 2002 provided significant (P = 0.034; P = 0.039) reductions in nymphal tick abundance with 55.6 and 84.6% fewer ticks on lawn and woodland plots, respectively. These results suggest the application of entomopathogenic fungi could provide another approach for the control of I. scapularis nymphs in residential or similar landscapes. C1 [Stafford, Kirkby C., III] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. [Allan, Sandra A.] Agr Res Serv, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Stafford, KC (reprint author), Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, 123 Huntington St,Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. EM kirby.stafford@ct.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U50/CCU419577] FX We thank technician Heidi Stuber and numerous summer research assistants at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station for their assistance with fieldwork. The assistance of the staff of the Westport Weston Health District in recruiting homes for the 2002 study is gratefully acknowledged. The B. bassiana was purchased through local vendors. The M. anisopliae strain F52 was provided by Taensa (Earth BioSciences, Fairfield, CT). This work was supported primarily, in part, by Cooperative Agreement U50/CCU419577 with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1107 EP 1115 DI 10.1603/ME10019 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 684RR UT WOS:000284567500019 PM 21175060 ER PT J AU Hoel, DF Kline, DL Hogsette, JA Bernier, UR El-Hossary, SS Hanafi, HA Watany, N Fawaz, EY Furman, BD Obenauer, PJ Szumlas, DE AF Hoel, D. F. Kline, D. L. Hogsette, J. A. Bernier, U. R. El-Hossary, S. S. Hanafi, H. A. Watany, N. Fawaz, E. Y. Furman, B. D. Obenauer, P. J. Szumlas, D. E. TI Efficacy of Commercial Mosquito Traps in Capturing Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Egypt SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baited trap; carbon dioxide; BG-Sentinel trap; Mosquito Magnet Pro trap; Phlebotomus papatasi ID L-LACTIC ACID; US MILITARY OPERATIONS; TALLIL-AIR BASE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN EGYPT; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; SANDFLIES; ATTRACTANTS; NORTH AB Four types of commercial mosquito control traps, the Mosquito Magnet Pro (MMP), the Sentinel 360 (S360), the BC-Sentinel (BGS), and the Mega-Catch Ultra (MCU), were compared with a standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap for efficacy in collecting phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a small farming village in the Nile River Valley 10 km north of Aswan, Egypt. Each trap was baited with either carbon dioxide (CO(2)) from combustion of butane gas (MMP), dry ice (CDC and BGS traps), light (MCU and S360), or dry ice and light (CDC). Traps were rotted through five sites in a 5 X 5 Latin square design, repeated four times during the height of the sand fly season (June, August, and September 2007) at a site where 94% of sand flies in past collections were Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli). A total of 6,440 sand flies was collected, of which 6,037 (93.7%) were P. papatasi. Of the CO(2)-baited traps, the BGS trap collected twice as many P. papatasi as the MMP and CDC light traps, and at least three times more P. papatasi than the light-only MCU and S360 traps (1 < 0.05). Mean numbers (+/-SE) of P. papatasi captured per trap night were as follows: BGS 142.1 (+/-45.8) > MMP 56.8 (+/-9.0) > CDC 52.3 (+/-6.1) > MCU 38.2 (+/-6.4) > S360 12.5 (+/-1.8). Results indicate that several types of commercial traps are suitable substitutes for the CDC light trap in sand fly surveillance programs. C1 [Hoel, D. F.] ARS, Med Entomol Collaborat, Navy Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, USDA,Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [El-Hossary, S. S.; Hanafi, H. A.; Watany, N.; Fawaz, E. Y.; Furman, B. D.; Obenauer, P. J.] USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. [Szumlas, D. E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hoel, DF (reprint author), ARS, Med Entomol Collaborat, Navy Marine Corps Publ Hlth Ctr Detachment, USDA,Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM David.Hoel@ars.usda.gov FU Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program; Military Infectious Diseases Research Program FX We thank Maria Badra of the United States Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 for her assistance with logistics for all personnel and materials pertaining to this study, and to El-Shaimaa Nour El-Din and Rania Kaldas for their help in processing and identifying sand fly specimens. This work was conducted concurrently with other Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program- and Military Infectious Diseases Research Program-supported projects and, as such, was made possible from these funding sources. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1179 EP 1184 DI 10.1603/ME10144 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 684RR UT WOS:000284567500029 PM 21175070 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Tuong, TD Gadi, SR Haigler, CH Gelman, RS Cullen, JM AF Livingston, D. P., III Tuong, T. D. Gadi, S. R. V. Haigler, C. H. Gelman, R. S. Cullen, J. M. TI 3D volumes constructed from pixel-based images by digitally clearing plant and animal tissue SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Adobe After Effects; biopsy; frozen plant; in situ hybridization; light microscopy; liver; lung; paraffin; radiofrequency ablation; tumour; 3D reconstruction ID RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; LIVER-TUMORS; MICROSCOPY; VISUALIZATION; HISTOLOGY; CELLS; LIGHT AB P>Construction of three-dimensional volumes from a series of two-dimensional images has been restricted by the limited capacity to decrease the opacity of tissue. The use of commercial software that allows colour-keying and manipulation of two-dimensional images in true three-dimensional space allowed us to construct three-dimensional volumes from pixel-based images of stained plant and animal tissue without generating vector information. We present three-dimensional volumes of (1) the crown of an oat plant showing internal responses to a freezing treatment, (2) a sample of a hepatocellular carcinoma from a woodchuck liver that had been heat-treated with computer-guided radiofrequency ablation to induce necrosis in the central portion of the tumour, and (3) several features of a sample of mouse lung. The technique is well suited to images from large sections (greater than 1 mm) generated from paraffin-embedded tissues. It is widely applicable, having potential to recover three-dimensional information at virtually any resolution inherent in images generated by light microscopy, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or electron microscopy. C1 [Livingston, D. P., III; Tuong, T. D.] USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gadi, S. R. V.; Cullen, J. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gelman, R. S.] BeltlineMedia, Norwalk, CT USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA, 840 Method Rd,Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM david.livingston@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 240 IS 2 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03393.x PG 8 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 662NQ UT WOS:000282814500004 PM 20946378 ER PT J AU McPhail, KL Armstrong, DJ Azevedo, MD Banowetz, GM Mills, DI AF McPhail, Kerry L. Armstrong, Donald J. Azevedo, Mark D. Banowetz, Gary M. Mills, Dallice I. TI 4-Formylaminooxyvinylglycine, an Herbicidal Germination-Arrest Factor from Pseudomonas Rhizosphere Bacteria SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS LA English DT Article ID L-CANAVANINE; L-CANALINE; LEGUMINOUS PLANTS; AMINO-ACIDS; FACTOR GAF; BIOSYNTHESIS; METHIONINE AB A new oxyvinylglycine has been identified as a naturally occurring herbicide that irreversibly arrests germination of the seeds of grassy weeds, such as annual bluegrass (Poa annua), without significantly affecting the growth of established grass seedlings and mature plants or germination of the seeds of broadleaf plant species (dicots). Previously, Pseudomonas fluorescens WH6 and over 20 other rhizosphere bacteria were isolated and selected for their ability to arrest germination of P. annua seeds. The germination-arrest factor (GAF, 1) responsible for this developmentally specific herbicidal action has now been isolated from the culture filtrate of P. fluorescens WH6. Purification of this highly polar, low molecular weight natural product allowed its structure to be assigned as 4-formylaminooxy-L-vinylglycine on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data, in combination with D/L-amino acid oxidase reactions to establish the absolute configuration. Assay results for P. annua inhibition by related compounds known to regulate plant growth are presented, and a cellular target for 1 is proposed. Furthermore, using bioassays, TLC, and capillary NMR spectroscopy, it has been shown that GAF (1) is secreted by all other herbicidally active rhizosphere bacteria in our collection. C1 [McPhail, Kerry L.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Armstrong, Donald J.; Mills, Dallice I.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Azevedo, Mark D.; Banowetz, Gary M.] USDA ARS, NFSPRC, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP McPhail, KL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Pharm, 203 Pharm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kerry.mcphail@oregonstate.edu FU USDA CSREES; Oregon Agricultural Research Foundation; Oregon Seed Council of the Oregon Department of Agriculture Alternatives [ORS 468A.555]; OSU College of Pharmacy FX D. Chen (USDA-ARS) performed many of the Pseudomonas isolate TLC analyses. We are grateful to Drs. J. Loper (USDA-ARS, OSU), A. Kennedy (USDA-ARS, WSU), and S. Levy (Tufts University, Medford, OR) for laboratory strains of P. fluorescens, and B. Arbogast and J. Morre of the OSU Mass Spectrometry Facility (NIEHS, P30 ES00210) for help with mass spectrometry. Financial support was provided by the USDA CSREES Grass Seed Cropping Systems for a Sustainable Agriculture Special Grant Program, the Oregon Agricultural Research Foundation, the Oregon Seed Council of the Oregon Department of Agriculture Alternatives to Field Burning (ORS 468A.555), and the OSU College of Pharmacy. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0163-3864 J9 J NAT PROD JI J. Nat. Prod. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 73 IS 11 BP 1853 EP 1857 DI 10.1021/np1004856 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 684OL UT WOS:000284559100018 PM 20979386 ER PT J AU Kalupahana, NS Claycombe, K Newman, SJ Stewart, T Siriwardhana, N Matthan, N Lichtenstein, AH Moustaid-Moussa, N AF Kalupahana, Nishan S. Claycombe, Kate Newman, Shelley J. Stewart, Taryn Siriwardhana, Nalin Matthan, Nirupa Lichtenstein, Alice H. Moustaid-Moussa, Naima TI Eicosapentaenoic Acid Prevents and Reverses Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Modulation of Adipose Tissue Inflammation SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FISH-OIL; MARINE ORIGIN; GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; ADIPOCYTE DEATH; BETA-OXIDATION; RATS; ADIPONECTIN; SECRETION; N-3 AB We investigated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on prevention (P) and reversal (R) of high saturated-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and glucose-insulin homeostasis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed low-fat (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF (45% energy from fat), or a HF-EPA-P (45% energy from fat; 36 g/kg EPA) diet for 11 wk. A 4th group was initially fed HF for 6 wk followed by the HF-EPA-R diet for 5 wk. As expected, mice fed the HF diet developed obesity and glucose intolerance. In contrast, mice fed the HF-EPA-P diet maintained normal glucose tolerance despite weight gain compared with the LF group. Whereas the HF group developed hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, both HF-EPA groups (P and R) exhibited normal glycemia and insulinemia. Further, plasma adiponectin concentration was lower in the HF group but was comparable in the LF and HF-EPA groups, suggesting a role of EPA in preventing and improving insulin resistance induced by HF feeding. Further analysis of adipose tissue adipokine levels and proteomic studies in cultured adipocytes indicated that dietary EPA supplementation of HF diets was associated with reduced adipose inflammation and lipogenesis and elevated markers of fatty acid oxidation. In C57BL/6J mice, EPA minimized saturated fat-induced insulin resistance and this is in part mediated by its effects on fatty acid oxidation and inflammation. J. Nutr. 140: 1915-1922, 2010. C1 [Kalupahana, Nishan S.; Siriwardhana, Nalin; Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] Univ Tennessee, Obes Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kalupahana, Nishan S.; Stewart, Taryn; Siriwardhana, Nalin; Moustaid-Moussa, Naima] Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kalupahana, Nishan S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Nutr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Newman, Shelley J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Claycombe, Kate] Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Matthan, Nirupa; Lichtenstein, Alice H.] Tufts Univ, Jean Meyer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Moustaid-Moussa, N (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Obes Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM moustaid@utk.edu RI Kalupahana, Nishan/E-1913-2011; OI Newman, Shelley/0000-0002-3471-4816 FU USDA; National Institute of Food & Agriculture-National Research Initiative [2005-35200-15224]; AHA; University of Tennessee Obesity Research Center; AgResearch FX Supported by USDA, National Institute of Food & Agriculture-National Research Initiative award 2005-35200-15224, an AHA predoctoral fellowship, University of Tennessee Obesity Research Center and AgResearch. NR 47 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 EI 1541-6100 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 11 BP 1915 EP 1922 DI 10.3945/jn.110.125732 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 671RD UT WOS:000283525700003 PM 20861209 ER PT J AU Hill, KM McCabe, GP McCabe, LD Gordon, CM Abrams, SA Weaver, CM AF Hill, Kathleen M. McCabe, George P. McCabe, Linda D. Gordon, Catherine M. Abrams, Steven A. Weaver, Connie M. TI An Inflection Point of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D for Maximal Suppression of Parathyroid Hormone Is Not Evident from Multi-Site Pooled Data in Children and Adolescents SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID VITAMIN-D INSUFFICIENCY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; CALCIUM RETENTION; D DEFICIENCY; RANGE; GIRLS; PREVALENCE; ABSORPTION; RICKETS; FEMALES AB In adults, maximal suppression of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) has commonly been used to determine the sufficiency of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]. In children and adolescents, the relationship between serum 25(OH) D and PTH is less clear and most studies reporting a relationship are derived from relatively small samples and homogeneous cohorts. Our objective was to determine the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and PTH in children and adolescents from a large and diverse U.S. cohort and to identify a point of inflection of serum 25(OH)D for maximal suppression of serum PTH. Data from 735 participants, ages 7-18 y, were pooled from 3 study sites located in Indiana, Texas, and Massachusetts. A two-phase linear spline was used to model the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and PTH. The value of serum 25(OH)D for maximal suppression of serum PTH was identified as the inflection point of the spline. Before adjustment for site, the inflection point of serum 25(OH)D for maximal suppression of serum PTH was 92.4 nmol/L (95% Cl: 62.2, 130.7). After adjusting for site, the point of inflection was poorly defined and the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and PTH appeared to be linear. The lack of an inflection point of serum 25(OH)D for maximal suppression of PTH brings into question the value of using maximal suppression of serum PTH as a basis for determining optimal serum 25(OH)D for healthy children and adolescents. J. Nutr. 140: 1983-1988, 2010. C1 [Hill, Kathleen M.; McCabe, Linda D.; Weaver, Connie M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [McCabe, George P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Gordon, Catherine M.] Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Adolescent Med & Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] ARS, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Weaver, CM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Foods & Nutr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM weavercm@purdue.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 FU NIH [AR-40553, HD-36609, DK-066108, M01-RR-2172, RR-00188, AR-43740, HD-K24-01288]; USDA/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6-001]; Maternal and Child Health Bureau [5-T71-MC-000-10-S1-R0]; Charles H. Hood Foundation, Boston; McCarthy Family Foundation, New York; Harvard/MIT; Pfizer/Merck FX Supported by the NIH (grant nos. AR-40553, HD-36609, DK-066108, M01-RR-2172, RR-00188, AR-43740, and HD-K24-01288), USDA/Agricultural Research Service Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6-001), Project 5-T71-MC-000-10-S1-R0 from the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, the Charles H. Hood Foundation, Boston, and the McCarthy Family Foundation, New York.; Author disclosures: C. M. Gordon is a consultant for Gilead Sciences and receives salary support as Associate Director, Clinical Investigator Training Program (Harvard/MIT with Pfizer/Merck). C. M. Weaver is on an advisory board for Pharmavite. K. M. Hill, G. P. McCabe, L. D. McCabe, and S. A. Abrams, no conflicts of interest. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, RM L-2407A, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 11 BP 1983 EP 1988 DI 10.3945/jn.110.124966 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 671RD UT WOS:000283525700013 PM 20861214 ER PT J AU Crivello, NA Casseus, SL Peterson, JW Smith, DE Booth, SL AF Crivello, Natalia A. Casseus, Sherley L. Peterson, James W. Smith, Donald E. Booth, Sarah L. TI Age- and brain region-specific effects of dietary vitamin K on myelin sulfatides SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Myelin; Phylloquinone; Vitamin K; Menaquinone-4; Sulfatides; Diet ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; WHITE-MATTER; RAT-BRAIN; VERTEBRATE BRAIN; MEMBRANE-LIPIDS; RHESUS-MONKEY; OLIGODENDROCYTES; METABOLISM; PHYLLOQUINONE; TURNOVER AB Dysregulation of myelin sulfatides is a risk factor for cognitive decline with age. Vitamin K is present in high concentrations in the brain and has been implicated in the regulation of sulfatide metabolism. Our objective was to investigate the age-related interrelation between dietary vitamin K and sulfatides in myelin fractions isolated from the brain regions of Fischer 344 male rats fed one of two dietary forms of vitamin K: phylloquinone or its hydrogenated form, 2',3'-dihydrophylloquinone (dK), for 28 days. Both dietary forms of vitamin K were converted to menaquinone-4 (MK-4) in the brain. The efficiency of dietary dK conversion to MK-4 compared to dietary phylloquinone was lower in the striatum and cortex, and was similar to that in the hippocampus. There were significant positive correlations between sulfatides and MK-4 in the hippocampus (phylloquinone-supplemented diet, 12 and 24 months; dK-supplemented diet, 12 months) and cortex (phylloquinone-supplemented diet, 12 and 24 months). No significant correlations were observed in the striatum. Furthermore, sulfatides in the hippocampus were significantly positively correlated with MK-4 in serum. This is the first attempt to establish and characterize a novel animal model that exploits the inability of dietary dK to convert to brain MK-4 to study the dietary effects of vitamin K on brain sulfatide in brain regions controlling motor and cognitive functions. Our findings suggest that this animal model may be useful for investigation of the effect of the dietary vitamin K on sulfatide metabolism, myelin structure and behavior functions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Crivello, Natalia A.; Casseus, Sherley L.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Crivello, Natalia A.; Smith, Donald E.; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Peterson, James W.; Booth, Sarah L.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Vitamin Lab K, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Smith, Donald E.] Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Comparat Biol Unit, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Crivello, NA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr & Neurocognit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM natalia.crivello@tufts.edu FU USDA [58-1950-7-707]; NIH [R03AG25781] FX This work was supported by USDA agreement no. 58-1950-7-707 and NIH R03AG25781 (to NC). NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1083 EP 1088 DI 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.005 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 675JE UT WOS:000283825600008 PM 20092997 ER PT J AU Bull, CT De Boer, SH Denny, TP Firrao, G Fischer-Le Saux, M Saddler, GS Scortichini, M Stead, DE Takikawa, Y AF Bull, C. T. De Boer, S. H. Denny, T. P. Firrao, G. Fischer-Le Saux, M. Saddler, G. S. Scortichini, M. Stead, D. E. Takikawa, Y. TI COMPREHENSIVE LIST OF NAMES OF PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA, 1980-2007 SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LEAF-SPOT DISEASE; WITCHES-BROOM-DISEASE; PHASEOLI EX SMITH; CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA AUSTRALIENSE; AQUATICUM LEIFSON 1962; SYRINGAE PV AVELLANAE; BROWN BLOTCH DISEASE; YELLOW VINE DISEASE; FRAGARIA X ANANASSA; 1981 COMB-NOV AB The names of all plant pathogenic bacteria which have been effectively and validly published in terms of the international. Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria and the Standards for Naming Pathovars are listed to provide an authoritative register of names for use by authors, journal editors and others who require access to currently correct nomenclature. Included are species, subspecies and pathovar names and details of type and pathotype strains reported from 1980 to 2007. An explanation of how to use this list is provided. In recent years the taxonomy of plant pathogenic bacteria has been extensively revised. For some taxa there are several valid synonyms. Unless otherwise stated, the most recently published name is used in this list as the reference name (in bold italic) to which all other synonyms are referred. This does not mean that the reference name is always to be preferred. A synonym, i.e., a previously published name for the same organism, may represent a classification considered by individual scientists or groups to give a more coherent taxonomy and may be used. This list is presented by the International Society of Plant Pathology Committee on the Taxonomy of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Carolee T. Bull Convener. C1 [Bull, C. T.] USDA, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [De Boer, S. H.] Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada. [Denny, T. P.] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Firrao, G.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Biol Applicata Difesa Piante, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Fischer-Le Saux, M.] INRA, UMR Pathol Vegetale, F-49071 Beaucouze, France. [Saddler, G. S.] Sci & Advice Scottish Agr, Edinburgh EH12 9FJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Scortichini, M.] Ctr Ric Frutticoltura, CRA, I-00134 Rome, Italy. [Stead, D. E.] Food & Environm Res Agcy, Dept Environm Food & Rural Affairs, York YO41 1LZ, N Yorkshire, England. [Takikawa, Y.] Shizuoka Univ, Fac Agr, Shizuoka 4228529, Japan. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM carolee.bull@ars.usda.gov OI Scortichini, Marco/0000-0003-1565-9097; FIRRAO, Giuseppe/0000-0002-7890-0899 NR 567 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 23 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 92 IS 3 BP 551 EP 592 PG 42 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 691LJ UT WOS:000285081000002 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Lakshman, DK AF Huang, Q. Lakshman, D. K. TI EFFECT OF CLOVE OIL ON PLANT PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND BACTERIAL WILT OF TOMATO AND GERANIUM SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clove oil; Ralstonia solanacearum; plant essential oils; southern bacterial wilt; plant-based bactericide; plant pathogenic bacteria ID PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; RALSTONIA-SOLANACEARUM; POPULATION-DENSITY; NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOIL; GREENHOUSE; COMPONENTS; EXTRACTS; AGENTS AB We determined the antibacterial activity of clove oil against seven different genera of plant pathogenic bacteria including Gram-negative Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii, as well as Gram-positive Rhodococcus fascians and Streptomyces spp. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested were sensitive to clove oil, with R. solanacearum being the most sensitive one. Greenhouse experiments were therefore conducted to determine the effect of clove oil as a pre-plant soil fumigant on bacterial wilt of tomato and geranium caused by R. solanacearum. Seven days after treating R. solanacearum-infested plant growth medium ("soil") with 5 ml of clove oil per kilogram of soil, populations of R. solanacearum were reduced to undetectable level, and none of the tomato and geranium plants transplanted into such soil developed wilt symptoms or harbored the bacterium. Our results suggest that clove oil has the potential to be an alternative control measure to combat bacterial wilt of tomato and geranium. C1 [Huang, Q.; Lakshman, D. K.] ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lakshman, DK (reprint author), ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM dilip.lakshman@ars.usda.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU EDIZIONI ETS PI PISA PA PIAZZA CARRARA 16-19, 56126 PISA, ITALY SN 1125-4653 J9 J PLANT PATHOL JI J. Plant Pathol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 92 IS 3 BP 701 EP 707 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 691LJ UT WOS:000285081000016 ER PT J AU Ye, XW Maras, JE Bakun, PJ Tucker, KL AF Ye, Xingwang Maras, Janice E. Bakun, Peter J. Tucker, Katherine L. TI Dietary Intake of Vitamin B-6, Plasma Pyridoxal 5 '-Phosphate, and Homocysteine in Puerto Rican Adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CARIBBEAN ORIGIN; HISPANIC ELDERS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ALCOHOL INTAKE; WOMEN; RISK; MEN AB Background Vitamin B-6 is an important cofactor in many metabolic processes. However, vitamin B-6 intake and plasma status have not been well studied in the Puerto Rican population, a group with documented health disparities. Objective To assess dietary intake of vitamin B-6, food sources, and plasma status of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), and their associations with plasma homocysteine in 1,236 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45 to 75 years, living in the greater Boston area. Design Baseline data were analyzed cross-sectionally. Method Questionnaire data were collected by home interview. Dietary intake was assessed with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plasma PLP and homocysteine were assayed from blood samples collected in the home. Results The mean daily intake of vitamin B-6 was 2.90 +/- 1.28 mg for men and 2.61 +/- 1.29 mg for women (P<0.001). Approximately 11% were deficient (PLP <4.94 ng/mL [PLP <20 nmol/L]) and another 17% insufficient (PLP >= 4.94 but <7.41 ng/mL [PLP >= 20 but <30 nmol/L]). Household income below the poverty threshold, physical inactivity, and current smoking were significantly associated with lower plasma PLP (P<0.05). Food groups contributing most to vitamin B-6 intake included ready-to-eat cereals, poultry, rice, potatoes, and dried beans. However, only intake of ready-to-eat cereals and use of supplements with vitamin B-6 were significantly associated with plasma PLP sufficiency (>= 7.41 vs <7.41 ng/mL [PLP >= 30 vs <30 nmol/L], P<0.01). Both vitamin B-6 intake and PLP were significantly associated with plasma total homocysteine (P<0.001). The association between PLP and homocysteine remained statistically significant after further adjustment for plasma vitamin B-12 and folate (P=0.028). Conclusions Given the known importance of vitamin B-6 to health, the high prevalence of low vitamin B-6 status in this Puerto Rican population is of concern. Further work is needed to clarify the potential role that insufficient vitamin B-6 may have in relation to the observed health disparities in this population. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:1660-1668. C1 [Ye, Xingwang; Maras, Janice E.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Ye, Xingwang; Maras, Janice E.; Bakun, Peter J.; Tucker, Katherine L.] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Robinson Hall,360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kl.tucker@neu.edu RI Ye, Xingwang/D-5193-2011; Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU National Institute on Aging [P01AG023394, R01AG02708]; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [58-1950-7-707] FX This research was supported by National Institute on Aging grant nos. P01AG023394 and R01AG02708, and US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service contract no. 58-1950-7-707. NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1660 EP 1668 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.08.006 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 675JF UT WOS:000283825700013 PM 21034879 ER PT J AU Lovera, D Sanderson, M Bogle, ML Acosta, MSV AF Lovera, Dalia Sanderson, Maureen Bogle, Margaret L. Acosta, Martha S. Vela TI Evaluation of a Breastfeeding Peer Support Program for Fathers of Hispanic Participants in a Texas Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID WIC PARTICIPANTS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INCOME WOMEN; DURATION; ACCULTURATION; INTERVENTION; POPULATION; INITIATION; SAMPLE; RATES AB A mother's decision to breastfeed and the duration of breastfeeding depends on different factors; among them are the support of her husband or male partner and other social support. There have been different types of support programs for mothers and few have targeted fathers. In 2002, the Texas Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children introduced an innovative approach for encouraging breastfeeding among mothers and their spouses. The pilot Peer Dad Program targeted fathers to promote and support their spouse in breastfeeding. This cohort study evaluated duration of breastfeeding among Hispanic couples who enrolled in the pilot Peer Dad Program (n=101) and those who did not enroll (n=99). Structured interviews were conducted with Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children participants and their male partners. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of continuing breastfeeding past 6 months associated with participation in the Peer Dad Program and significant predictors. Mothers whose partner participated in the pilot Peer Dad Program were no more likely to continue breastfeeding past 6 months (odds ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 2.54) compared with mothers who received peer counseling only. The percentage of women in the intervention group (63.4%) who breastfed for 6 months or longer compared with women in the control group (54.6%) was not significant (P=0.20). Although other studies suggest that father's support lengthens breastfeeding duration, our study, which targeted Hispanic fathers, found no association due to its small sample size. Further research with larger studies is needed to establish this association. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110:1696-1702. C1 [Lovera, Dalia; Bogle, Margaret L.] ARS, USDA, Delta Obes Prevent Res Unit, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. [Sanderson, Maureen] Meharry Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Acosta, Martha S. Vela] Kresge Fdn, Troy, MI USA. RP Lovera, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Delta Obes Prevent Res Unit, 900 S Shackleford Rd,Suite 509, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. EM Dalia.Lovera@ars.usda.gov FU US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [6251-51000-008-00D] FX This research was supported by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service project no. 6251-51000-008-00D. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 1696 EP 1702 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2010.08.001 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 675JF UT WOS:000283825700017 PM 21034883 ER PT J AU Lin, JT Chen, GQ AF Lin, Jiann-Tsyh Chen, Grace Q. TI Acylglycerols Containing Trihydroxy Fatty Acids in Castor Oil and the Regiospecific Quantification of Triacylglycerols SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Trihydroxy fatty acids; 11,12,13-Trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid; 11,12,13-Trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid; Diacylglycerols; Triacylglycerols; Regiospecific; Castor oil; Mass spectrometry; Ricinus communis L ID IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMMUNIS L. OIL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEED OILS; IDENTIFICATION; ONLINE AB Ricinoleate, a monohydroxy fatty acid in castor oil, has many industrial uses. Dihydroxy and trihydroxy fatty acids can also be used in industry. We report here the identification of diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG) containing trihydroxy fatty acids in castor oil. The C(18) HPLC fractions of castor oil were used for mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of acylglycerols to identify trihydroxy fatty acids and the acylglycerols containing trihydroxy fatty acids. Two DAG identified were triOH18:1-diOH18:1 and triOH18:0-OH18:1. Four TAG identified were triOH18:1-OH18:1-OH18:1, triOH18:0-OH18:1-OH18:1, triOH18:1-OH18:1-diOH18:1 and triOH18:0-OH18:1-diOH18:1. The structures of these two newly identified trihydroxy fatty acids were proposed as 11,12,13-trihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid and 11,12,13-trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid. The locations of these trihydroxy fatty acids on the glycerol backbone were almost 100% at the sn-1,3 positions or at trace levels at the sn-2 position. The content of these acylglycerols containing trihydroxy fatty acids was at the level of about 1% or less in castor oil. C1 [Lin, Jiann-Tsyh; Chen, Grace Q.] ARS, Dept Agr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lin, JT (reprint author), ARS, Dept Agr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM jiann.lin@ars.usda.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1371 EP 1379 DI 10.1007/s11746-010-1617-7 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 666MW UT WOS:000283120500015 ER PT J AU Harris-Shultz, KR Schwartz, BM Hanna, WW Brady, JA AF Harris-Shultz, Karen R. Schwartz, Brian M. Hanna, Wayne W. Brady, Jeff A. TI Development, Linkage Mapping, and Use of Microsatellites in Bermudagrass SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cynodon; EST-SSR; genetic mapping; SDAF ID DOSE RESTRICTION FRAGMENTS; GENETIC-MAP; SACCHARUM-SPONTANEUM; CYNODON SPP.; CULTIVARS; MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; REGISTRATION; POLYPLOIDS; L. AB Genetic linkage maps of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp) species using 118 triploid individuals derived from a cross of T89 [C dactylon (2n = 4x = 36)] and T574 [C transvaalensis (2n = 2x = 18)1 were enriched with expressed sequence tags-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers Primers were developed from 53 ESTs containing SSRs producing 75 segregating markers from which 28 could be mapped to the T89 and T574 genetic maps With the addition of previously generated marker data, 26 T89 linkage groups and eight T574 linkage groups were formed using a log-of-odds (LOD) value of 4 0 The T89 and T574 linkage maps spanned 1055 cM and 311 1 cM and include 125 and 36 single-dose amplified fragments (SDAFs), respectively Many of the SDAFs displayed disomic segregation and thus T89 may be a segmental allotetraploid or an allotetraploid The additional EST-SSR markers add value to the maps by increasing marker density and provide markers that can be easily transferred to other bermudagrass populations Furthermore, EST-SSRs can be immediately used to assess genetic diversity, identify non-mutated cultivars of bermudagrass, confirm pedigrees, and differentiate contaminants from cultivars derived from 'Tifgreen' C1 [Harris-Shultz, Karen R.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Schwartz, Brian M.; Hanna, Wayne W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Brady, Jeff A.] Texas AgriLife Res, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Harris-Shultz, KR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 135 IS 6 BP 511 EP 520 PG 10 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 689HE UT WOS:000284917900005 ER PT J AU Wasonga, CJ Pastor-Corrales, MA Porch, TG Griffiths, PD AF Wasonga, Charles J. Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A. Porch, Timothy G. Griffiths, Phillip D. TI Targeting Gene Combinations for Broad-spectrum Rust Resistance in Heat-tolerant Snap Beans Developed for Tropical Environments SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE high-temperature stress; common bean rust; breeding; eastern Africa ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; TEMPERATURE STRESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CULTIVARS; GENOTYPES; LINES AB Common bean rust disease (caused by Uromyces appendiculatus) and high temperatures (heat stress) limit snap bean (Phaseolus vulgar:0 production in many tropical and temperate regions We have developed snap bean lines combining broad-spectrum rust resistance with heat tolerance for tropical agroecosystems Eight breeding populations were developed by hybridizing BelJersey-RR-15 and BelFla-RR-1 (each possessing the (Ur-4 and Ur-11 rust resistance genes) and the heat-tolerant snap bean breeding lines HT601, HT603, HT608, and HT611 F(2)-F(4) generations of the populations were evaluated under greenhouse conditions and selected for heat tolerance while simultaneously selecting for the rust resistance genes Ur-4 and Ur-11 Three heat-tolerant F(5) lines, which were homozygous for Ur-4 and Ur-11 genes, were selected together with a rust-resistant but heat-sensitive control These and 12 cultivars adapted to different geographical regions were evaluated for their reaction to rust and yield at six contrasting field sites in eastern Africa and their response to high temperature verified in Puerto Rico Rust incidence and severity was high at three of the trial sites in eastern Africa Two of the 12 cultivars were resistant to rust at most of these sites, and three of the four breeding lines were resistant at all sites The Ur-11 gene effectively conferred rust resistance at all sites Yield in Puerto Rico was strongly correlated (R(2) = 0 71, P < 0 001) with that of the hottest site in eastern Africa, highlighting the similarity in genotypic response to high temperatures at the two distinct sites The newly developed rust-resistant and heat-tolerant breeding lines showed stable yield at the eastern Africa sites with contrasting mean temperatures compared with the cultivars presently grown in the region Two of these lines, HT1 and HT2, were confirmed to be homozygous for Ur-4 and Ur-11 and with high heat tolerance under both greenhouse and field environments This research validates the effectiveness of targeted rust resistance gene combinations for tropical environments and the effective selection of high temperature tolerance traits correlating across multiple environments The breeding lines HT1 and HT2 developed in this research could be used to Improve snap beans for the tropics and other environments with similar constraints C1 [Wasonga, Charles J.; Griffiths, Phillip D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, NYSAES, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Porch, Timothy G.] ARS, USDA, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Pastor-Corrales, Marcial A.] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Griffiths, PD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Hort Sci, NYSAES, 314 Hedrick Hall 630 W North St, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. FU Cornell Assistantship for Horticulture in Africa (CAHA); Towards Sustainability Fund (TSF); Bradfield Research Award; Cornell University FX We are grateful for the support of the Cornell Assistantship for Horticulture in Africa (CAHA) Towards Sustainability Fund (TSF) the Bradfield Research Award and the Einaudi International Research Travel Grant of Cornell University for funding the study The excellent field support provided by KARI (Kenya Agricultural Research Institute)-Kitale Regional Research Center Homabay Farmers Training Center in Kenya and the World Vegetable Center Regional Center for Africa in Arusha Tanzania is highly appreciated NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 135 IS 6 BP 521 EP 532 PG 12 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 689HE UT WOS:000284917900006 ER PT J AU Altland, JE Owen, JS Fonteno, WC AF Altland, James E. Owen, James S., Jr. Fonteno, William C. TI Developing Moisture Characteristic Curves and Their Descriptive Functions at Low Tensions for Soilless Substrates SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE douglas fir bark peat; pumice; potting mix; available water; unavailable water; model ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; CONTAINER MEDIA; UNSATURATED SOILS; GROWTH; BARK; PUMICE AB Moisture characteristic curves (MCC) relate the water content in a substrate to the matric potential at a given tension or height These curves are useful for comparing the water-holding characteristics of two or more soils or soilless substrates Most techniques for developing MCC are not well suited for measuring low tensions (0 to 100 cm H2O) in coarse substrates used in container nursery production such as those composed of bark The objectives of this research were to compare an inexpensive modified long column method with an established method for creating low-tension MCCs and then to determine the best model for describing MCCs of bark-based soilless substrates Three substrates composed of douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) bark alone or mixed with either peatmoss or pumice were used to compare models Both methods described differences among the three substrates, although MCC for each method differed within a substrate type A four-parameter log-logistic function was determined to be the simplest and most explanatory model for describing MCC of bark-based substrates C1 [Altland, James E.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Owen, James S., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, N Willamette Res & Extens Ctr, Aurora, OR 97002 USA. [Fonteno, William C.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Altland, JE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 EI 2327-9788 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 135 IS 6 BP 563 EP 567 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 689HE UT WOS:000284917900010 ER PT J AU Herrmann-Hoesing, LM AF Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M. TI Diagnostic assays used to control small ruminant lentiviruses SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Review DE Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus; Ovine progressive pneumonia virus; small ruminant lentivirus; Visnalmaedi virus ID CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS; OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA; MAEDI-VISNA VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NATURALLY INFECTED SHEEP; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; PROVIRAL DNA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB The serologic diagnostic tests, such as the agar gel immunodiffusion assay and various types of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), have contributed to the reduction of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infections worldwide Because there are no treatments or efficacious vaccines, the serologic diagnostic tests have supported most of the eradication efforts by testing and removal or separation of adult animals that generate antibodies to SRLVs With the advent of molecular diagnostics standard and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays for the detection of provirus in peripheral blood cells are becoming more common and aid in the detection of infected goats and sheep before antibody detection by ELISA in some animals Performance of the serologic and molecular diagnostic tests is dependent upon a number of factors, including the format of the assay, the percentage of identity between the viral nucleotide sequences in a flock or herd of a certain geographic region and the sequences used to generate SRLV test reagents, and the intrinsic pathogenesis or amount of provirus and SRLV antibody generated in a species or individual small ruminant In addition, small ruminant genomics may help with establishing genetic markers of SRLV infection and disease, which could also aid eradication or reduction of SRLVs from herds and flocks throughout the world C1 [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.] Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann-Hoesing, LM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA, ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, 3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 82 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 22 IS 6 BP 843 EP 855 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 685ZL UT WOS:000284666500002 PM 21088167 ER PT J AU Miller, PJ Afonso, CL Spackman, E Scott, MA Pedersen, JC Senne, DA Brown, JD Fuller, CM Uhart, MM Karesh, WB Brown, IH Alexander, DJ Swayne, DE AF Miller, Patti J. Afonso, Claudio L. Spackman, Erica Scott, Melissa A. Pedersen, Janice C. Senne, Dennis A. Brown, Justin D. Fuller, Chad M. Uhart, Marcela M. Karesh, William B. Brown, Ian H. Alexander, Dennis J. Swayne, David E. TI Evidence for a New Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 10 Detected in Rockhopper Penguins from the Falkland Islands SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUSES; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FAMILY PARAMYXOVIRIDAE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HEALTH EVALUATION; GENOME SEQUENCE; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; FRUIT BATS; HONG-KONG; ANTARCTICA AB The biological, serological, and genomic characterization of a paramyxovirus recently isolated from rock-hopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) suggested that this virus represented a new avian paramyxovirus (APMV) group, APMV10. This penguin virus resembled other APMVs by electron microscopy; however, its viral hemagglutination (HA) activity was not inhibited by antisera against any of the nine defined APMV serotypes. In addition, antiserum generated against this penguin virus did not inhibit the HA of representative viruses of the other APMV serotypes. Sequence data produced using random priming methods revealed a genomic structure typical of APMV. Phylogenetic evaluation of coding regions revealed that amino acid sequences of all six proteins were most closely related to APMV2 and APMV8. The calculation of evolutionary distances among proteins and distances at the nucleotide level confirmed that APMV2, APMV8, and the penguin virus all were sufficiently divergent from each other to be considered different serotypes. We propose that this isolate, named APMV10/penguin/Falkland Islands/324/2007, be the prototype virus for APMV10. Because of the known problems associated with serology, such as antiserum cross-reactivity and one-way immunogenicity, in addition to the reliance on the immune response to a single protein, the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, as the sole base for viral classification, we suggest the need for new classification guidelines that incorporate genome sequence comparisons. C1 [Miller, Patti J.; Afonso, Claudio L.; Spackman, Erica; Scott, Melissa A.; Swayne, David E.] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Pedersen, Janice C.; Senne, Dennis A.] USDA, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA USA. [Brown, Justin D.] Univ Georgia, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fuller, Chad M.; Brown, Ian H.; Alexander, Dennis J.] Vet Labs Agcy, Weybridge, Surrey, England. [Uhart, Marcela M.; Karesh, William B.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM david.swayne@ars.usda.gov RI Alexander, Dennis/C-9517-2011; Brown, Ian/E-1119-2011; Fuller, Chad/C-7052-2011; APHA, Staff publications/E-6082-2010 OI Fuller, Chad/0000-0002-7113-866X; NR 68 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 84 IS 21 BP 11496 EP 11504 DI 10.1128/JVI.00822-10 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 660LE UT WOS:000282643400053 PM 20702635 ER PT J AU Min, JY Vogel, L Matsuoka, Y Lu, B Swayne, D Jin, H Kemble, G Subbarao, K AF Min, Ji-Young Vogel, Leatrice Matsuoka, Yumiko Lu, Bin Swayne, David Jin, Hong Kemble, George Subbarao, Kanta TI A Live Attenuated H7N7 Candidate Vaccine Virus Induces Neutralizing Antibody That Confers Protection from Challenge in Mice, Ferrets, and Monkeys SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; AVIAN-INFLUENZA; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; HEALTHY-ADULTS; TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY; COMMERCIAL POULTRY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HEMAGGLUTININ; PATHOGENICITY; GENERATION AB A live attenuated H7N7 candidate vaccine virus was generated by reverse genetics using the modified hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of highly pathogenic (HP) A/Netherlands/219/03 (NL/03) (H7N7) wild-type (wt) virus and the six internal protein genes of the cold-adapted (ca) A/Ann Arbor/6/60 ca (AA ca) (H2N2) virus. The reassortant H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine virus was temperature sensitive and attenuated in mice, ferrets, and African green monkeys (AGMs). Intranasal (i.n.) administration of a single dose of the H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine virus fully protected mice from lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous H7 viruses from Eurasian and North American lineages. Two doses of the H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies in serum and provided complete protection from pulmonary replication of homologous and heterologous wild-type H7 challenge viruses in mice and ferrets. One dose of the H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine elicited an antibody response in one of three AGMs that was completely protected from pulmonary replication of the homologous wild-type H7 challenge virus. The contribution of CD8(+) and/or CD4(+) T cells to the vaccine-induced protection of mice was evaluated by T-cell depletion; T lymphocytes were not essential for the vaccine-induced protection from lethal challenge with H7 wt viruses. Additionally, passively transferred neutralizing antibody induced by the H7N7 NL/03 ca virus protected mice from lethality following challenge with H7 wt viruses. The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine virus in mice, ferrets, and AGMs support the evaluation of this vaccine virus in phase I clinical trials. C1 [Min, Ji-Young; Vogel, Leatrice; Matsuoka, Yumiko; Subbarao, Kanta] NIAID, LID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Lu, Bin; Jin, Hong; Kemble, George] Medimmune Inc, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Swayne, David] ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, LID, NIH, 33 North Dr,MSC 3203,Room 3E13C1, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov FU NIAID, NIH FX This research was performed as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, and MedImmune and was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 84 IS 22 BP 11950 EP 11960 DI 10.1128/JVI.01305-10 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 670KM UT WOS:000283420500034 PM 20810733 ER PT J AU Beason, RC Humphrey, JS Myers, NE Avery, ML AF Beason, R. C. Humphrey, J. S. Myers, N. E. Avery, M. L. TI Synchronous monitoring of vulture movements with satellite telemetry and avian radar SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE black vulture; turkey vulture; radar tracking; satellite telemetry; platform terminal transmitter; conservation; flight behavior ID WANDERING ALBATROSSES; TRACKING; MIGRATION; RAPTORS; BIRDS AB Radar and satellite global positioning system-platform transmitter terminal (GPS-PTT) transmitters provide complementary information on the movements and behaviors of individual birds. The GPS-PTT tag provides a snapshot of altitude and location of a specific individual of an identified species at predefined intervals. The history of the individual is known because each transmitter has a unique identification code. The radar cannot identify individuals or even species but it provides continuous position reports (altitude and location) of birds within its detection range. By integrating data from the two sources, the behavior and movements of identified individuals (not possible with radar) can be continuously monitored (not possible with satellite tags). In this study the radar detected 40% of the locations of vultures carrying GPS-PTT tags that were within 5 km of the radar. Most (75%) of the locations that were not detected were calculated to be above or below the radar's antenna beam. Speed and direction values recorded by the GPS-PTT tags and the radar were poorly correlated because the vultures were soaring and circling, which produced rapid changes in both azimuth and ground speed of the targets. Nevertheless, our findings show that combining these two techniques can allow monitoring of species that are of conservation concern where it is otherwise difficult to follow identified individual birds. C1 [Beason, R. C.] Accipiter Radar Corp, Orchard Pk, NY USA. [Humphrey, J. S.; Avery, M. L.] USDA APHIS WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Florida Field Stn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Myers, N. E.] USDA APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Columbia, SC USA. RP Beason, RC (reprint author), POB 737, Sandusky, OH USA. EM bbeason@accipiterradar.com FU NAVFAC Environmental RDTE [N66001-99-D-5010]; ESTCP program at SPAWAR, San Diego, CA; MCAS, Beaufort, SC, USA [N62467-06-RP-00202] FX We would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the NAVFAC Environmental RDT&E under US Navy Contract N66001-99-D-5010 to Computer Sciences Corporation and the ESTCP program at SPAWAR, San Diego, CA (M. Brand, project manager), which provided the Accipiter (R) radar system. The vulture telemetry study at MCAS, Beaufort, SC, USA was funded through US Navy Contract N62467-06-RP-00202. USDA/APHIS Wildlife Services (WS) in North Carolina (M. Begier and C. Bowser, MCAS Cherry Point) provided loan of the radar equipment and logistic support; USDA/APHIS WS in South Carolina (T. Daughtery) provided logistical support at MCAS Beaufort. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0952-8369 EI 1469-7998 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 282 IS 3 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2010.00723.x PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669UQ UT WOS:000283376100002 ER PT J AU Meinersmann, RJ Ladely, SR Lindsey, RL AF Meinersmann, R. J. Ladely, S. R. Lindsey, R. L. TI Ribosomal operon intergenic sequence region (ISR) heterogeneity in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter coli; Campylobacter jejuni; concerted evolution; horizontal gene transfer; intergenic sequence region; ribosomal operon ID GENE CONVERSION; RNA GENE; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; BACTERIA; SPACER AB Aims: The intergenic sequence regions (ISR) between the 16S and 23S genes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are markedly different for each species. However, in the genomic sequence for Camp. coli RM2228, two rRNA operons have an ISR that is characteristic of Camp. coli, and the third operon is characteristic of Camp. jejuni. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ISR heterogeneity in these organisms. Methods and Results: PCR primers were designed to yield a 327-base pair (bp) product for Camp. coli and 166-bp product for Camp. jejuni. A strain like Camp. coli RM2228 should yield products of both sizes. DNA from a panel of Camp. coli (n = 133) and Camp. jejuni (n = 134) isolates were tested. All of the isolates yielded products of the predicted size for the species. To verify the data for Camp. coli RM2228, each ribosomal operon from the isolate was individually amplified by PCR and tested with the ISR primer pair. Products of both sizes were produced as predicted. Conclusions: The cross-species heterogeneity of the ISR seen in Camp. coli RM2228 is uncommon. Significance and Impact of the Study: The heterogeneity must have been caused by horizontal gene transfer at a frequency lower than predicted from housekeeping gene data. Thus, it can be expected that species identification based on the ISR can be confused in rare isolates. C1 [Meinersmann, R. J.; Ladely, S. R.; Lindsey, R. L.] ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Meinersmann, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM Rick.Meinersmann@ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 51 IS 5 BP 539 EP 545 DI 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02930.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 662OB UT WOS:000282816000009 PM 20849393 ER PT J AU Davis, JM Rosemond, AD Eggert, SL Cross, WF Wallace, JB AF Davis, John M. Rosemond, Amy D. Eggert, Susan L. Cross, Wyatt F. Wallace, J. Bruce TI Nutrient enrichment differentially affects body sizes of primary consumers and predators in a detritus-based stream SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FOOD WEBS; BOTTOM-UP; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; FOREST STREAM; ECOSYSTEM; COMMUNITIES; TRICHOPTERA; LIMITATION; BIOMASS; GROWTH AB We assessed how a 5-yr nutrient enrichment affected the responses of different size classes of primary consumers and predators in a detritus-based headwater stream. We hypothesized that alterations in detritus availability because of enrichment would decrease the abundance and biomass of large-bodied consumers. In contrast, we found that 2 yr of enrichment increased the biomass and abundance of all consumers regardless of body size. Furthermore, during the fourth and fifth year of enrichment, the abundance and biomass of large-bodied primary consumers continued to increase, while small-bodied primary consumers returned to pretreatment levels. The size structure of a dominant primary consumer (Pycnopsyche spp.) also shifted during the 5-yr enrichment: its average and maximum individual body size increased in the treatment stream compared with the reference stream. Positive enrichment effects also occurred on small-bodied predators, but not on large-bodied predators. Thus, enrichment increased prey body size, but these positive effects on large prey did not propagate up to higher trophic levels to affect large predators. Because consumer body size can be an important species-specific trait determining population dynamics and ecosystem processes, these observed shifts in consumer size distributions suggest a potentially important pathway for global increases in nutrient enrichment to alter stream structure and function. C1 [Davis, John M.; Rosemond, Amy D.; Cross, Wyatt F.] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wallace, J. Bruce] Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Eggert, Susan L.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN USA. RP Davis, JM (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stream Ecol Ctr, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM jmdavis@isu.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF [DEB-9806610, DEB-0318063, DEB-9629268, DEB-0212315]; NSF; UGA FX Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF; DEB-9806610, DEB-0318063, DEB-9629268, and DEB-0212315). J.M.D. was supported by an NSF graduate research fellowship and a UGA presidential fellowship. During the final preparation of this manuscript, additional support was provided to J.M.D. by the NSF Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR) in Idaho (EPS-0814387). NR 61 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2305 EP 2316 DI 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2305 PG 12 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 728AE UT WOS:000287844700007 ER PT J AU Deiuliis, J Shin, J Murphy, E Kronberg, SL Eastridge, ML Suh, Y Yoon, JT Lee, K AF Deiuliis, Jeffrey Shin, Jonghyun Murphy, Eric Kronberg, Scott L. Eastridge, Maurice L. Suh, Yeunsu Yoon, Jong-Taek Lee, Kichoon TI Bovine Adipose Triglyceride Lipase is Not Altered and Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein is Increased by Dietary Flaxseed SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE Lipolysis; Adipose triglyceride lipase; Bovine; Flaxseed ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT; GENE-EXPRESSION; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SATELLITE CELLS; PPAR-GAMMA; TISSUE AB In this paper, we report the full-length coding sequence of bovine ATGL cDNA and analyze its expression in bovine tissues. Similar to human, mouse, and pig ATGL sequences, bovine ATGL has a highly conserved patatin domain that is necessary for lipolytic function in mice and humans. This suggests that ATGL is functionally intact as a triglyceride lipase in cattle. Tissue distribution of ATGL gene expression was highest in fat and muscle (skeletal and cardiac) tissue, while protein expression was solely detectible in the adipose tissue. The effect of 109 days of flaxseed supplementation on ATGL and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4 or A-FABP, E-FABP or FABP5) expression was examined in Angus steers. Supplemented steers had greater triacylglycerol (TAG) content in the muscle compared with unsupplemented ones. Additionally, supplementation increased A-FABP expression and decreased stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) expression in muscle, while total ATGL expression was unaffected. In summary, supplementation of cattle rations with flaxseed increased muscle TAG concentrations attributed in part to increased expression of key enzymes involved in lipid trafficking (A-FABP) and metabolism (SCD-1). C1 [Deiuliis, Jeffrey; Shin, Jonghyun; Eastridge, Maurice L.; Suh, Yeunsu; Lee, Kichoon] Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Deiuliis, Jeffrey; Shin, Jonghyun; Eastridge, Maurice L.; Suh, Yeunsu; Lee, Kichoon] Ohio State Univ, Interdisciplinary Human Nutr Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Murphy, Eric] Univ N Dakota, Dept Pharmacol Physiol & Therapeut, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Murphy, Eric] Univ N Dakota, Sch Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Kronberg, Scott L.] USDA, ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. [Yoon, Jong-Taek] HanKyung Natl Univ, Dept Anim Life Resources, Kyonggi Do 456749, South Korea. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2029 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lee.2626@osu.edu RI Lee, Kichoon/G-2234-2012; OI Deiuliis, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5665-8894 FU Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Korean Government [NRF-2009-352-F00029] FX This work was supported by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Interdisciplinary research funding (K. Lee), and partially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government [NRF-2009-352-F00029]. NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD NOV PY 2010 VL 45 IS 11 BP 963 EP 973 DI 10.1007/s11745-010-3476-2 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 666PH UT WOS:000283127700001 PM 20886305 ER PT J AU Xue, CH Wang, D Xiang, B Chiou, BS Sun, G AF Xue, Chao Hua Wang, Dong Xiang, Bei Chiou, Bor-Sen Sun, Gang TI Controlled and high throughput fabrication of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) nanofibers via melt extrusion of immiscible blends SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Immiscible polymers; Scanning electron microscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Interfaces ID CELLULOSE-ACETATE BUTYRATE AB Immiscible blends of cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) were melt extruded through a two strand rod die. The extrudates were hot-drawn at the die exit at different draw ratios. PTT fibers were obtained by removal of the CAB matrix from the drawn extrudates, and the morphology evolution of the formed fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. PIT nanofibers with an average diameter of 55 nm were produced by controlling the drawing ratio. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xue, Chao Hua; Wang, Dong; Xiang, Bei; Sun, Gang] Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chiou, Bor-Sen] ARS, USDA, WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gysun@ucdavis.edu FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the Defense Department [HDTRA1-08-1-0005] FX This work was supported by a contract (HDTRA1-08-1-0005) from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the Defense Department. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 EI 1879-3312 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 124 IS 1 BP 48 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.07.039 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 660AB UT WOS:000282607900013 ER PT J AU Underwood, KR Tong, JF Price, PL Roberts, AJ Grings, EE Hess, BW Means, WJ Du, M AF Underwood, K. R. Tong, J. F. Price, P. L. Roberts, A. J. Grings, E. E. Hess, B. W. Means, W. J. Du, M. TI Nutrition during mid to late gestation affects growth, adipose tissue deposition, and tenderness in cross-bred beef steers SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Gestational nutrition; Fat deposition; Performance ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; NUTRIENT RESTRICTION; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; INTRAMUSCULAR FAT; MEAT TENDERNESS; CALPAIN SYSTEM; CATTLE; PREGNANCY AB The objective of this study was to examine whether the plane of nutrition of cows at a critical time for fetal skeletal muscle and adipose tissue development would affect meat quality and carcass composition of offspring. To alter maternal nutrition, beef cows were placed on improved pasture (IP) or native range (NR) pasture from 120 to 150 through 180 to 210 days of gestation. Esophageal extrusa samples collected from cows grazing IP varied from 11.1% crude protein of organic matter early in the test period to 6.0% crude protein of organic matter at the end of the grazing period: whereas, extrusa samples of cows grazing NR ranged from 6.5% crude protein of organic matter during early grazing to 5.4% crude protein of organic matter at the end of the grazing period. Steers were slaughtered and carcass characteristics were collected. Warner-Bratzler shear force was performed on longissumus steaks, western blotting was used to measure proteolysis, and myosin isoform typing was performed. Improved pasture steers had heavier live and hot carcass weights. Tenderness was greater in IP compared to NR steers. No difference in calpastatin content and troponin-T degradation was observed between treatments. The 12th rib fat thickness was greater for IP than for NR steers. Subcutaneous adipose tissue of IP steers tended to have a greater number of cells per field of view than NR steers. Data show improving nutritional status of cows during mid to late gestation affects tenderness, adipose tissue deposition and growth in steers. (C) 2010 The American Meat Science Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Underwood, K. R.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Underwood, K. R.; Tong, J. F.; Price, P. L.; Hess, B. W.; Means, W. J.; Du, M.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Roberts, A. J.; Grings, E. E.] USDA ARS, Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Underwood, KR (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Keith.Underwood@sdstate.edu; mindu@uwyo.edu RI Du, Min/H-4311-2011 OI Du, Min/0000-0002-7232-072X FU USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2007-35203-18065, 2006-55618-16914] FX This work was supported by Research Initiative Grant 2007-35203-18065 and 2006-55618-16914 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. The authors would like to acknowledge the USDA-ARS and Montana Agricultural Experiment Station for providing the gestational treatments and the animals used in this experiment. Authors also want to thank Jessica M. Kimzey for tissue sectioning and other assistance. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 86 IS 3 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.008 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 703DO UT WOS:000285954500003 PM 20659786 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, Bess TI New NOF Guidelines SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st Annual Meeting of the North-American-Menopause-Society CY OCT 06-09, 2010 CL Chicago, IL SP N Amer Menopause Soc C1 [Dawson-Hughes, Bess] Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1211 EP 1211 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 677LK UT WOS:000283993700032 ER PT J AU Loving, CL Brockmeier, SL Vincent, AL Palmer, MV Sacco, RE Nicholson, TL AF Loving, Crystal L. Brockmeier, Susan L. Vincent, Amy L. Palmer, Mitchell V. Sacco, Randy E. Nicholson, Tracy L. TI Influenza virus coinfection with Bordetella bronchiseptica enhances bacterial colonization and host responses exacerbating pulmonary lesions SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Porcine; Influenza; Bordetella; Coinfection; Innate ID RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; INTERFERON-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANIMAL-MODELS; MOUSE MODEL; A VIRUS; SWINE AB Influenza virus (Flu) infection and secondary complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increasing number of annual Flu cases, coupled with the recent Flu pandemic, has amplified concerns about the impact of Flu on human and animal health. Similar to humans, Flu is problematic in pigs, not only as a primary pathogen but as an agent in polymicrobial pneumonia. Bordetella species play a role in mixed infections and often colonize the respiratory tract without overt clinical signs. Pigs serve as a valuable animal model for several respiratory pathogens, including Bordetella (Bb) and Flu. To investigate Flu/Bb coinfection pathogenesis, a study was completed in which pigs were inoculated with Flu-only, Bb-only or both agents (Flu/Bb). Results indicate that Flu clearance is not altered by Bb infection, but Flu does enhance Bb colonization. Pulmonary lesions in the Flu/Bb group were more severe when compared to Flu-only or Bb-only groups and Bb did not cause significant lesions unless pigs were coinfected with Flu. The type I interferon response was elevated in coinfected pigs, but increased expression of antiviral genes Mx and PKR did not appear to enhance Flu clearance in coinfected pigs, as viral clearance was similar between Flu/Bb and Flu-only groups. IL-1 beta and IL-8 were elevated in lungs of coinfected pigs, correlating to the days enhanced lesions were observed. Overall. Flu infection increased Bb colonization and enhanced production of proinflammatory mediators that likely contribute to exacerbated pulmonary lesions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Loving, Crystal L.; Brockmeier, Susan L.; Nicholson, Tracy L.] ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Vincent, Amy L.] ARS, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Palmer, Mitchell V.] ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Sacco, Randy E.] ARS, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Loving, CL (reprint author), ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 1920 Dayton Rd,POB 70,25-2533 Ames, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM crystal.loving@ars.usda.gov NR 47 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 49 IS 5 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.06.004 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 641KL UT WOS:000281124100004 PM 20558274 ER PT J AU Kannan, L Rath, NC Liyanage, R Lay, JO AF Kannan, Lakshmi Rath, Narayan C. Liyanage, Rohana Lay, Jackson O., Jr. TI Effect of toll-like receptor activation on thymosin beta-4 production by chicken macrophages SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Macrophage; Thymosin beta-4; SILAC; Mass spectrometry; Toll-like receptor ID CELL-CULTURE; AMINO-ACIDS; DEFENSIN 2; ANGIOGENESIS; HETEROPHILS; EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFLAMMATION; MONOCYTES AB Thymosin beta-4 (T beta 4) is an actin-binding intracellular peptide that promotes wound healing, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. The mechanism of T beta 4 secretion to the extracellular environment is not understood. The macrophage is a rich source of T beta 4 which also participates in wound healing process. The objective of this study was to find how T beta 4 may be externalized. Using activation of macrophage through their toll-like receptors (TLR), the changes in cellular T beta 4 was studied. A naturally transformed chicken macrophage cell line HTC was treated with different TLR agonists and the cellular T beta 4 changes was determined at 6 and 24 h after stimulations using stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry. Real time PCR was used to determine changes in gene expression. The results showed that TLR agonists such as peptidoglycan (PGN) or lipopolysacharide (LPS) caused depletions in cellular T beta 4 peptide along with its detection in the cell culture supernatant at 24 h. These TLR agonists also induced the expression of interleukins-1 beta, -6, and nitric oxide synthase genes at 6 h but failed to modulate T beta 4 gene at that time point indicating that the T beta 4 externalization was not associated with its production. To find whether T beta 4 externalization was associated with cell death, we measured the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the conditioned media as an indicator of cell damage. The results showed that the TLR agonists which induced depletion of intracellular T beta 4 at 24 h also increased the LDH content of the conditioned media, suggesting that the T beta 4 in the extracellular media most likely originated from dying macrophages. C1 [Kannan, Lakshmi; Rath, Narayan C.] Univ Arkansas, PPPSRU Agr Res Serv USDA, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Kannan, Lakshmi] Univ Arkansas, Cell & Mol Biol Program, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Liyanage, Rohana; Lay, Jackson O., Jr.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, PPPSRU Agr Res Serv USDA, Poultry Sci Ctr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. EM narayan.rath@ars.usda.gov RI Lay, Jackson/G-1007-2011 OI Lay, Jackson/0000-0003-3789-2527 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0300-8177 J9 MOL CELL BIOCHEM JI Mol. Cell. Biochem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 344 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s11010-010-0528-0 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 662SD UT WOS:000282831100006 PM 20614231 ER PT J AU Andree, K Axtner, J Bagley, MJ Barlow, EJ Beebee, TJC Bennetzen, JL Bermingham, E Boisselier-Dubayle, MC Bozarth, CA Brooks, CP Brown, RP Catanese, G Cavers, S Ceron-Souza, I Chak, STC Chan, MN Charles-Dominique, P Chen, CY Chen, JD Chinchilla, L Da Silva, D Dafreville, S Daunt, F Delatte, H Dorge, T Duncan, N Durand, JD Duvernell, D Estep, M Fan, S Fattahi, R Villela, OF Fong, Y Freville, H Funes, V Gallardo-Escarate, C Ganeshaiah, KN Ghaffari, MR Girod, C Gomez-Moliner, BJ Gonzalez-Porter, GP Gosa, A Govers, F Guerin, F Guindo, D Hailer, F Haye, PA Hoelmer, KA Hofmann, S Hong, Y Hu, CQ Huang, SW Humeau, L Infante, C Jackson, SA Jacobsen, E Jowkar, A Kafi, M Kermani, MJ Kim, H Kim, KS Kim, MY Knibb, W Koita, OA Korpelainen, H Lambourdiere, J Lasso, E Leblois, R Lee, H Lee, SW Leung, FCC Leung, KMY Li, CH Li, Y Lieckfeldt, D Lizana, M Loughry, WJ Luo, P Madeira, MJ Mahmoodi, P Maldonado, JE Mardi, M Mendes, O Miehe, G Muth, P Nacci, D Kumar, LN Ng, WC Pailler, T Parzies, HK Perez, L Pfunder, M Pietilaeinen, M Pirseyedi, SM Porta, D Porta, J Porta, JM Quilici, S Rakotoarivelo, FP Ramesha, BT Ravikanth, G Riera, B Risterucci, AM Roberts, DA Samadi, S Sarasola-Puente, V Sarrazin, E Sarthou, C Schmidt, A Segovia, NI Shen, KN Simiand, C Bin Sman, MH Solhoy, T Sommer, S Sumangala, RC Taubert, R Tejangkura, T Telford, A Testa, A Tollon-Cordet, C Tzeng, WN Shaanker, RU van der Lee, TAJ Van Mourik, TA Vasudeva, R Wai, TC Wang, RL Welch, ME Weltzien, E Whitehead, A Woodard, A Xia, JJ Zeinolabedini, M Zhang, L AF Andree, K. Axtner, Jan Bagley, M. J. Barlow, E. J. Beebee, T. J. C. Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. Bermingham, Eldredge Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C. Bozarth, Christine A. Brooks, Christopher P. Brown, R. P. Catanese, Gaetano Cavers, S. Ceron-Souza, Ivania Chak, Solomon T. C. Chan, M. N. Charles-Dominique, P. Chen, C. Y. Chen, J. D. Chinchilla, Leah Da Silva, D. Dafreville, S. Daunt, F. Delatte, H. Dorge, T. Duncan, N. Durand, J. D. Duvernell, D. Estep, Matt Fan, Sigang Fattahi, R. Villela, Oscar Flores Fong, Yokking Freville, H. Funes, Victoria Gallardo-Escarate, C. Ganeshaiah, K. N. Ghaffari, M. R. Girod, C. Gomez-Moliner, B. J. Gonzalez-Porter, Gracia P. Gosa, A. Govers, F. Guerin, F. Guindo, Diarah Hailer, Frank Haye, P. A. Hoelmer, Kim A. Hofmann, S. Hong, Yan Hu, Chaoqun Huang, S. W. Humeau, L. Infante, Carlos Jackson, S. A. Jacobsen, E. Jowkar, A. Kafi, M. Kermani, M. J. Kim, Hyojoong Kim, Kyung Seok Kim, Min-Young Knibb, W. Koita, Ousmane A. Korpelainen, H. Lambourdiere, J. Lasso, Eloisa Leblois, R. Lee, Hang Lee, Seungh-Wan Leung, F. C. C. Leung, Kenneth M. Y. Li, Chunhong Li, Y. Lieckfeldt, Dietmar Lizana, M. Loughry, W. J. Luo, Peng Madeira, M. J. Mahmoodi, P. Maldonado, Jesus E. Mardi, M. Mendes, O. Miehe, G. Muth, Peter Nacci, D. Kumar, L. Naveen Ng, Wai-Chuen Pailler, T. Parzies, Heiko K. Perez, Laura Pfunder, M. Pietilaeinen, M. Pirseyedi, S. M. Porta, D. Porta, J. Porta, J. M. Quilici, S. Rakotoarivelo, F. P. Ramesha, B. T. Ravikanth, G. Riera, B. Risterucci, A. M. Roberts, D. A. Samadi, S. Sarasola-Puente, V. Sarrazin, E. Sarthou, C. Schmidt, Anke Segovia, N. I. Shen, K. N. Simiand, C. Bin Sman, Muhammad Hidayat Solhoy, T. Sommer, Simone Sumangala, R. C. Taubert, Ramona Tejangkura, T. Telford, A. Testa, A. Tollon-Cordet, C. Tzeng, W. N. Shaanker, R. Uma van der Lee, T. A. J. Van Mourik, Thomas A. Vasudeva, R. Wai, T. C. Wang, R. L. Welch, Mark E. Weltzien, Eva Whitehead, A. Woodard, Anastasia Xia, Jianjun Zeinolabedini, M. Zhang, Lvping CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2010-31 May 2010 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anthocidaris crassispina, Aphis glycines, Argyrosomus regius, Astrocaryum sciophilum, Dasypus novemcinctus, Delomys sublineatus, Dermatemys mawii, Fundulus heteroclitus, Homalaspis plana, Jumellea rossii, Khaya senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phytophthora infestans, Piper cordulatum, Pterocarpus indicus, Rana dalmatina, Rosa pulverulenta, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Scomber colias, Semecarpus kathalekanensis, Stichopus monotuberculatus, Striga hermonthica, Tarentola boettgeri and Thermophis baileyi. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aphis gossypii, Sooretamys angouya, Euryoryzomys russatus, Fundulus notatus, Fundulus olivaceus, Fundulus catenatus, Fundulus majalis, Jumellea fragrans, Jumellea triquetra Jumellea recta, Jumellea stenophylla, Liza richardsonii, Piper marginatum, Piper aequale, Piper darienensis, Piper dilatatum, Rana temporaria, Rana iberica, Rana pyrenaica, Semecarpus anacardium, Semecarpus auriculata, Semecarpus travancorica, Spondias acuminata, Holigarna grahamii, Holigarna beddomii, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Tarentola delalandii, Tarentola caboverdianus and Thermophis zhaoermii. C1 [Andree, K.; Duncan, N.; Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C] IRTA St Carles Rapita, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Spain. [Axtner, Jan; Lieckfeldt, Dietmar; Schmidt, Anke; Sommer, Simone; Taubert, Ramona] Leibniz Inst Zoo & Wild life Res, D-10315 Berlin, Germany. [Bagley, M. J.; Jackson, S. A.; Wang, R. L.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Barlow, E. J.; Cavers, S.; Daunt, F.; Telford, A.] NERC Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, CEH Edinburgh, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Barlow, E. J.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland. [Beebee, T. J. C.] Univ Sussex, Sch Life Sci, Dept Biochem, Brighton BN1 9QG, E Sussex, England. [Bennetzen, Jeffrey L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bermingham, Eldredge; Ceron-Souza, Ivania; Lasso, Eloisa] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Panama City 084303092, Panama. [Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C.; Lambourdiere, J.; Sarrazin, E.] CNRS, Serv Systemat Mol, UMS 2700, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Boisselier-Dubayle, M. C.; Lambourdiere, J.; Samadi, S.] CNRS, UPMC IRD MNHN, UMR 7138, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Bozarth, Christine A.; Gonzalez-Porter, Gracia P.; Hailer, Frank; Maldonado, Jesus E.] Smithsonian Conservat Biol Inst, Ctr Conservat & Evolutionary Genet, Washington, DC 20008 USA. [Brooks, Christopher P.; Chinchilla, Leah; Welch, Mark E.; Woodard, Anastasia] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Brown, R. P.; Tejangkura, T.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Nat Sci & Psychol, Liverpool L3 3AF, Merseyside, England. [Catanese, Gaetano; Funes, Victoria; Infante, Carlos; Perez, Laura] Consejeria Agr & Pesca, Lab Identificac Especies Pesqueras & Acuicolas, IFAPA Ctr El Toruno, Cadiz 11500, Spain. [Chak, Solomon T. C.; Leung, Kenneth M. Y.; Ng, Wai-Chuen; Wai, T. C.] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Chak, Solomon T. C.; Leung, Kenneth M. Y.; Ng, Wai-Chuen; Wai, T. C.] Univ Hong Kong, Div Ecol & Biodivers, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Charles-Dominique, P.; Freville, H.] CEFE CNRS, Museum Natl Hist Nat, F-34293 Montpellier 05, France. [Chen, C. Y.; Chen, J. D.] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Dept Aquaculture, Chilung, Taiwan. [Da Silva, D.; Dafreville, S.; Guerin, F.; Humeau, L.; Pailler, T.; Rakotoarivelo, F. P.] Univ La Reunion, UMR PVBMT, St Denis 97715, Reunion. [Delatte, H.; Quilici, S.; Simiand, C.] Univ La Reunion, CIRAD Pole Protect Plantes, PVBMT, UMR C53, St Pierre 97410, Reunion. [Dorge, T.] Tibet Univ, Dept Life Sci, Inst High Mt Anim Ecol, Lhasa 850000, Tibetan AR, Peoples R China. [Durand, J. D.] ECOLAG, Inst Rech Dev, UMR 5119, Dakar, Senegal. [Duvernell, D.] So Illinois Univ, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. [Estep, Matt] Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Fan, Sigang; Hu, Chaoqun; Luo, Peng; Xia, Jianjun; Zhang, Lvping] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, Labs Appl Marine Biol & Marine Bioresources Susta, Guangzhou 510301, Peoples R China. [Fattahi, R.; Jowkar, A.; Kafi, M.] Univ Tehran, Fac Agr, Karaj 3158777871, Iran. [Villela, Oscar Flores; Gonzalez-Porter, Gracia P.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Ciencias, Museo Zool, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Fong, Yokking] Natl Pk Board, Singapore 259569, Singapore. [Gallardo-Escarate, C.] Univ Concepcion, Ctr Biotecnol, Fac Ciencias Nat & Oceanog, Dept Oceanog, Concepcion, Chile. [Ganeshaiah, K. N.; Kumar, L. Naveen; Ravikanth, G.; Sumangala, R. C.; Shaanker, R. Uma] Ashoka Trust Res Ecol & Environm, Conservat Genet Lab, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. [Ganeshaiah, K. N.; Ramesha, B. T.; Ravikanth, G.; Shaanker, R. Uma] Univ Agr Sci, Sch Ecol & Conservat, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Ganeshaiah, K. N.] Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forestry & Environm Sci, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Ghaffari, M. R.; Jowkar, A.; Kermani, M. J.; Mahmoodi, P.; Mardi, M.; Pirseyedi, S. M.; Zeinolabedini, M.] ABRII, Karaj 315351897, Iran. [Girod, C.; Riera, B.; Sarrazin, E.] CNRS MNHN, UMR 7179, F-91800 Brunoy, France. [Gomez-Moliner, B. J.; Madeira, M. J.; Sarasola-Puente, V.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Zool & Biol Celular Anim, Vitoria 01006, Spain. [Gosa, A.; Sarasola-Puente, V.] Aranzadi Soc Sci, Donostia San Sebastian 20014, Spain. [Govers, F.; Jacobsen, E.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Haye, P. A.; Segovia, N. I.] Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Marine Biol, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. [Haye, P. A.; Segovia, N. I.] CEAZA, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. [Hoelmer, Kim A.] ARS, USDA, Beneficial Insect Intro Res Unit, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Hofmann, S.] Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Hong, Yan; Li, Chunhong; Bin Sman, Muhammad Hidayat] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. [Huang, S. W.; Li, Y.] China Acad Agr Sci, Inst Vegetables & Flowers, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Kim, Hyojoong; Kim, Min-Young; Lee, Seungh-Wan] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Agr & Life Sci, Dept Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151921, South Korea. [Kim, Kyung Seok; Lee, Hang] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Vet Sci, Coll Vet Med, Conservat Genome Resource Bank Korean Wildlife, Seoul 151742, South Korea. [Koita, Ousmane A.] Univ Bamako, Fac Sci & Tech, Lab Appl Mol Biol, Bamako, Mali. [Korpelainen, H.; Pietilaeinen, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Agr Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Leblois, R.; Sarthou, C.] CNRS MNHN, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France. [Lizana, M.; Sarasola-Puente, V.] Univ Salamanca, Dept Biol Anim, Salamanca 37071, Spain. [Loughry, W. J.] Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA 31698 USA. [Miehe, G.] Philipps Univ Marburg, Dept Geog, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Muth, Peter; Parzies, Heiko K.] Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. [Nacci, D.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Pfunder, M.] Ecogen GmbH, CH-8952 Zurich, Switzerland. [Porta, D.; Porta, J.; Porta, J. M.] AquaSolut Biotech, Malaga 29590, Spain. [Ramesha, B. T.; Shaanker, R. Uma] Univ Agr Sci, Dept Crop Physiol, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India. [Risterucci, A. M.] CIRAD, UMR 1096, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. [Roberts, D. A.; Whitehead, A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Shen, K. N.; Tzeng, W. N.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Fisheries Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Solhoy, T.] Univ Bergen, Dept Zool, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. [Testa, A.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Sch Biotechnol Sci, Dept Arboriculture Bot & Plant Pathol, Naples, Italy. [Tollon-Cordet, C.] INRA, UMR DIAPC, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France. [Van Mourik, Thomas A.; Weltzien, Eva] Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Bamako, Mali. [Vasudeva, R.] Univ Agr Sci, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Biol, Sirsi 581401, India. RP Andree, K (reprint author), IRTA St Carles Rapita, Ctra Poble Nou Km5-5, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Spain. RI Hong, Yan/D-5106-2014; Perry, Annika/F-6784-2014; Andree, Karl/L-7465-2014; MADEIRA, MARIA JOSE/L-7556-2014; Miehe, Georg/A-5961-2015; Haye, Pilar/B-7082-2015; Durand, Jean-Dominique/G-3713-2016; Whitehead, Andrew/G-2122-2012; CATANESE, GAETANO/A-7510-2009; Testa, Antonino/H-6864-2012; Daunt, Francis/K-6688-2012; Duncan, Neil/B-8906-2013; Govers, Francine/A-5616-2009; Leung, Kenneth/C-1055-2009; Axtner, Jan/A-1918-2010; samadi, sarah/G-5011-2010; Cavers, Stephen/B-7806-2010; Lee, Hang/A-7516-2011; Hailer, Frank/C-9114-2012; Leblois, Raphael/A-8815-2008; vanderlee, Theo/J-7296-2013; OI Flores-Villela, Oscar/0000-0002-2849-6912; GOMEZ MOLINER, BENJAMIN JUAN/0000-0002-3054-8806; Axtner, Jan/0000-0003-1269-5586; Lasso, Eloisa/0000-0003-4586-8674; Jafarkhani Kermani, Maryam/0000-0002-6013-8314; Knibb, Wayne/0000-0003-2593-0303; Hong, Yan/0000-0002-2954-8788; Perry, Annika/0000-0002-7889-7597; Andree, Karl/0000-0001-6564-0015; MADEIRA, MARIA JOSE/0000-0002-7357-7228; Haye, Pilar/0000-0002-1093-9076; Durand, Jean-Dominique/0000-0002-0261-0377; Duvernell, David/0000-0003-2478-6522; CATANESE, GAETANO/0000-0001-6219-4494; Testa, Antonino/0000-0003-3983-2448; Daunt, Francis/0000-0003-4638-3388; Govers, Francine/0000-0001-5311-929X; Cavers, Stephen/0000-0003-2139-9236; Lee, Hang/0000-0003-0264-6289; Hailer, Frank/0000-0002-2340-1726; Leblois, Raphael/0000-0002-3051-4497; Korpelainen, Helena/0000-0002-7046-6995 NR 0 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1098 EP 1105 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02898.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 663IJ UT WOS:000282876300023 PM 21565124 ER PT J AU Andris, M Aradottir, GI Arnau, G Audzijonyte, A Bess, EC Bonadonna, F Bourdel, G Bried, J Bugbee, GJ Burger, PA Chair, H Charruau, PC Ciampi, AY Costet, L Debarro, PJ Delatte, H Dubois, MP Eldridge, MDB England, PR Enkhbileg, D Fartek, B Gardner, MG Gray, KA Gunasekera, RM Hanley, SJ Havil, N Hereward, JP Hirase, S Hong, Y Jarne, P Qi, JF Johnson, RN Kanno, M Kijima, A Kim, HC Kim, KS Kim, WJ Larue, E Lee, JW Lee, JH Li, CH Liao, MH Lo, N Lowe, AJ Malausa, T Male, PJG Marko, MD Martin, JF Messing, R Miller, KJ Min, BW Myeong, JI Nibouche, S Noack, AE Noh, JK Orivel, J Park, CJ Petro, D Prapayotin-Riveros, K Quilichini, A Reynaud, B Riginos, C Risterucci, AM Rose, HA Sampaio, I Silbermayr, K Silva, MB Tero, N Thum, RA Vinson, CC Vorsino, A Vossbrinck, CR Walzer, C White, JC Wieczorek, A Wright, M AF Andris, Malvina Aradottir, Gudbjorg I. Arnau, G. Audzijonyte, Asta Bess, Emilie C. Bonadonna, Francesco Bourdel, G. Bried, Joel Bugbee, Gregory J. Burger, P. A. Chair, H. Charruau, P. C. Ciampi, A. Y. Costet, L. Debarro, Paul J. Delatte, H. Dubois, Marie-Pierre Eldridge, Mark D. B. England, Phillip R. Enkhbileg, D. Fartek, B. Gardner, Michael G. Gray, Karen-Ann Gunasekera, Rasanthi M. Hanley, Steven J. Havil, Nathan Hereward, James P. Hirase, Shotaro Hong, Yan Jarne, Philippe Qi Jianfei Johnson, Rebecca N. Kanno, Manami Kijima, Akihiro Kim, Hyun C. Kim, Kwan S. Kim, Woo-Jin Larue, Elizabeth Lee, Jang W. Lee, Jeong-Ho Li, Chunhong Liao, Minghui Lo, Nathan Lowe, Andrew J. Malausa, Thibaut Male, Pierre-Jean G. Marko, Michelle D. Martin, Jean-Francois Messing, Russell Miller, Karen J. Min, Byeong-Wha Myeong, Jeong-In Nibouche, S. Noack, Ann E. Noh, Jae K. Orivel, Jerome Park, Choul-Ji Petro, D. Prapayotin-Riveros, Kittipath Quilichini, Angelique Reynaud, B. Riginos, Cynthia Risterucci, A. M. Rose, Harley A. Sampaio, I. Silbermayr, K. Silva, M. B. Tero, N. Thum, Ryan A. Vinson, C. C. Vorsino, Adam Vossbrinck, Charles R. Walzer, C. White, Jason C. Wieczorek, Ania Wright, Mark CA Mol Ecology Resources Primer Dev C TI Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 June 2010-31 July 2010 SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article AB This article documents the addition of 205 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Bagassa guianensis, Bulweria bulwerii, Camelus bactrianus, Chaenogobius annularis, Creontiades dilutus, Diachasmimorpha tryoni, Dioscorea alata, Euhrychiopsis lecontei, Gmelina arborea, Haliotis discus hannai, Hirtella physophora, Melanaphis sacchari, Munida isos, Thaumastocoris peregrinus and Tuberolachnus salignus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Halobaena caerulea, Procellaria aequinoctialis, Oceanodroma monteiroi, Camelus ferus, Creontiades pacificus, Dioscorea rotundata, Dioscorea praehensilis, Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea nummularia, Dioscorea transversa, Dioscorea esculenta, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Dioscorea trifida, Hirtella bicornis, Hirtella glandulosa, Licania alba, Licania canescens, Licania membranaceae, Couepia guianensis and 7 undescribed Thaumastocoris species. C1 [Andris, Malvina; Bried, Joel] Univ Acores, Ctr IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Acores, Portugal. [Aradottir, Gudbjorg I.; Hanley, Steven J.] Ctr Bioenergy & Climate Change, Plant & Invertebrate Ecol Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Aradottir, Gudbjorg I.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Arnau, G.; Bourdel, G.; Chair, H.] CIRAD, UPR Multiplicat Vegetat, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Audzijonyte, Asta; England, Phillip R.; Gunasekera, Rasanthi M.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res & Wealth Oceans Natl Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Bess, Emilie C.] Univ Illinois, Div Biodivers & Econ Entomol, Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Bonadonna, Francesco; Dubois, Marie-Pierre; Jarne, Philippe] CNRS, CEFE, UMR 5175, F-34293 Montpellier 5, France. [Bugbee, Gregory J.; Prapayotin-Riveros, Kittipath; Vossbrinck, Charles R.; White, Jason C.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Environm Sci, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Burger, P. A.; Charruau, P. C.; Tero, N.] Univ Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Inst Populat Genet, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. [Burger, P. A.; Charruau, P. C.; Walzer, C.] Univ Vet Med, Res Inst Wildlife Ecol, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. [Ciampi, A. Y.] Embrapa Recursos Genet & Biotecnol, BR-70770900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Costet, L.; Delatte, H.; Fartek, B.; Nibouche, S.; Reynaud, B.] CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, France. [Debarro, Paul J.] CSIRO Entomol, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Eldridge, Mark D. B.; Gray, Karen-Ann; Johnson, Rebecca N.; Noack, Ann E.] Australian Museum, DNA Lab, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. [Enkhbileg, D.] Mongolian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Wild Camel Protect Fdn, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongol Peo Rep. [Fartek, B.] Univ Reunion, UMR, PVBMT, F-97410 St Pierre, France. [Gardner, Michael G.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Havil, Nathan] USDA, Forest Serv, No Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. [Hereward, James P.; Riginos, Cynthia] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Hirase, Shotaro; Kanno, Manami; Kijima, Akihiro] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Integrated Ctr Field Sci, Onagawa, Miyagi, Japan. [Hong, Yan; Qi Jianfei; Li, Chunhong; Liao, Minghui] Natl Univ Singapore, Temasek Life Sci Lab, Singapore 117604, Singapore. [Kim, Hyun C.; Kim, Kwan S.; Lee, Jang W.; Lee, Jeong-Ho; Min, Byeong-Wha; Myeong, Jeong-In; Noh, Jae K.; Park, Choul-Ji] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Genet & Breeding Res Ctr, Geoje City 656842, South Korea. [Kim, Woo-Jin] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Biotechnol Res Inst, Pusan 619705, South Korea. [Larue, Elizabeth; Thum, Ryan A.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Lo, Nathan; Noack, Ann E.] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lowe, Andrew J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. [Malausa, Thibaut] CNRS, Inst Natl Rech Agronom, INRA,UNSA, UMR 1301, F-06903 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Male, Pierre-Jean G.; Orivel, Jerome] Univ Toulouse, UPS, EDB, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Male, Pierre-Jean G.; Orivel, Jerome] CNRS, Lab Evolut & Diversite Biol, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Marko, Michelle D.] Concordia Coll, S Moorhead, MN 56562 USA. [Martin, Jean-Francois] Montpellier SupAgro, Ctr Biol & Gest Populat, INRA, CIRAD,IRD, F-34988 Montferrier Sur Lez, France. [Miller, Karen J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant & Environm Protect Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Miller, Karen J.] Univ Tasmania, Inst Antarctic & So Ocean Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Orivel, Jerome; Quilichini, Angelique] CNRS, UMR Ecol Forets Guyane, F-97379 Kourou, France. [Petro, D.] INRA, Agrosyst Tropicaux, UR 1321, F-97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe. [Quilichini, Angelique] Jardin Botan Henri Gaussen, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Risterucci, A. M.] CIRAD, UMR DAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France. [Rose, Harley A.] Univ Sydney, Fac Agr Food & Nat Resources, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Sampaio, I.; Silva, M. B.; Vinson, C. C.] Fed Univ Para, BR-68600000 Braganca, Para, Brazil. [Silbermayr, K.] Univ Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Inst Anim Breeding & Genet, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. [Wieczorek, Ania] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Andris, M (reprint author), Univ Acores, Ctr IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Acores, Portugal. RI Riginos, Cynthia/G-3320-2010; Hanley, Steve/D-1769-2017; Hereward, James/K-8720-2012; Nibouche, Samuel/C-1964-2008; Vorsino, Adam/H-3435-2013; Hong, Yan/D-5106-2014; De Barro, Paul/C-1724-2008; Male, Pierre-Jean/A-7618-2010; Miller, Karen/A-7902-2011; Costet, Laurent/C-2281-2011; Orivel, Jerome/C-4034-2011; Reynaud, Bernard/C-5461-2011; Wright, Mark/A-7349-2009; Quilichini, Angelique/G-7004-2011; Lo, Nathan/E-6115-2010; Bonadonna, Francesco/A-7456-2008 OI Riginos, Cynthia/0000-0002-5485-4197; Hanley, Steve/0000-0002-3187-9260; Orivel, Jerome/0000-0002-5636-3228; Hereward, James/0000-0002-6468-6342; Nibouche, Samuel/0000-0003-2675-1382; Hong, Yan/0000-0002-2954-8788; Male, Pierre-Jean/0000-0003-0896-726X; NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 6 BP 1106 EP 1108 DI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02916.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 663IJ UT WOS:000282876300024 ER PT J AU Chourey, PS Li, QB Kumar, D AF Chourey, Prem S. Li, Qin-Bao Kumar, Dibyendu TI Sugar-Hormone Cross-Talk in Seed Development: Two Redundant Pathways of IAA Biosynthesis Are Regulated Differentially in the Invertase-Deficient miniature1 (mn1) Seed Mutant in Maize SO MOLECULAR PLANT LA English DT Article DE Seed development; IAA biosynthesis; tryptophan-aminotransferase 1; ZmYUCCA1; gene expression; q-PCR; maize ID CELL-WALL INVERTASE; AUXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; KERNEL DEVELOPMENT; PLANT DEVELOPMENT; GENE; EXPRESSION; CYTOKININ; ENCODES AB The miniature1 (mn1) seed phenotype is a loss-of-function mutation at the Mn1 locus that encodes a cell wall invertase; its deficiency leads to pleiotropic changes including altered sugar levels and decreased levels of IAA throughout seed development. To understand the molecular details of such a sugar-hormone relationship, we have initiated studies on IAA biosynthesis genes in developing seeds of maize. Two tryptophan-dependent pathways of IAA biosynthesis, tryptamine (TAM) and indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA), are of particular interest. We report on molecular isolation and characterization of an endosperm-specific ZmTARelated1 (ZmTar1) gene of the IPA branch; we have also reported recently on ZmYuc1 gene in the TAM branch. Comparative gene expression analyses here have shown that (1) the ZmTar1 transcripts were approximately 10-fold higher levels than the ZmYuc1; (2) although both genes showed the highest level of expression at 8-12 d after pollination (DAP) coincident with an early peak in IAA levels, the two showed highly divergent (antagonistic) response at 12 and 16 DAP but similar patterns at 20 and 28 DAP in the Mn1 and mn1 endosperm. The Western blot analyses for the ZmTAR1 protein, however, displayed disconcordant protein/transcript expression patterns. Overall, these data report novel observations on redundant trp-dependent pathways of auxin biosynthesis in developing seeds of maize, and suggest that homeostatic control of IAA in this important sink is highly complex and may be regulated by both sucrose metabolism and developmental signals. C1 [Chourey, Prem S.; Li, Qin-Bao] ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. [Kumar, Dibyendu] Univ Florida, Interdisciplinary Ctr Biotechnol Res, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Chourey, PS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM Prem.Chourey@ars.usda.gov NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1674-2052 J9 MOL PLANT JI Mol. Plant. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1026 EP 1036 DI 10.1093/mp/ssq057 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 689TD UT WOS:000284951200007 PM 20924026 ER PT J AU Bluhm, BH Burnham, AM Dunkle, LD AF Bluhm, Burton H. Burnham, A. Michele Dunkle, Larry D. TI A circadian rhythm regulating hyphal melanization in Cercospora kikuchii SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE blue-light regulation; Cercospora species; conidiation; light entrainment; periodicity; temperature compensation; white collar ortholog ID NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; ZEAE-MAYDIS; FUNGAL DEVELOPMENT; WHITE COLLAR-1; GENES; BIOSYNTHESIS; CLOCK; PHOTORECEPTOR; ARABIDOPSIS; RESISTANCE AB Many metabolic and developmental processes in fungi are controlled by biological rhythms. Circadian rhythms approximate a daily (24 h) cycle and have been thoroughly studied in the model fungus, Neurospora crassa. However relatively few examples of true circadian rhythms have been documented among other filamentous fungi. In this study we describe a circadian rhythm underlying hyphal melanization in Cercospora kikuchii, an important pathogen of soybean. After growth in light or light: dark cycles, colonies transferred to darkness produced zonate bands of melanized hyphae interspersed with bands of hyaline hyphae. Rhythmic production of bands was remarkably persistent in the absence of external cues, lasting at least 7 d after transfer to darkness, and was compensated over a range of temperatures. As in N. crassa, blue light but not red light was sufficient to entrain the circadian rhythm in C. kikuchii, and a putative ortholog of white collar-1, one of the genes required for light responses in N. crassa, was identified in C. kikuchii. Circadian regulation of melanization is conserved in other members of the genus: Similar rhythms were identified in another field isolate of C. kikuchii as well as field isolates of C. beticola and C. sorghi, but not in wild-type strains of C. zeae-maydis or C. zeina. This report represents the first documented circadian rhythm among Dothideomycete fungi and provides a new opportunity to dissect the molecular basis of circadian rhythms among filamentous fungi. C1 [Dunkle, Larry D.] Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bluhm, Burton H.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Div Agr, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. [Burnham, A. Michele] Coker Coll, Dept Sci & Math, Hartsville, SC 29550 USA. RP Dunkle, LD (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM Larry.Dunkle@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [3602-22000-015-00D]; NSF [0920287]; Univ. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station; UA Department of Plant Pathology Adair/Bollenbacher FX We thank Curie Shaner, Kaila Zink and Jonathon Smith for technical assistance and T. Scott Abney for providing the C. kikuchii wild type. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS project 3602-22000-015-00D, NSF Award 0920287, a Research Incentive Grant from the Univ. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station to B. Bluhm, and a UA Department of Plant Pathology Adair/Bollenbacher Fellowship to M. Burnham. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the products, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that also may be suitable. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1221 EP 1228 DI 10.3852/09-041 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 671EY UT WOS:000283484300001 PM 20943572 ER PT J AU Anderson, CL Kubisiak, TL Nelson, CD Smith, JA Davis, JM AF Anderson, Claire L. Kubisiak, Thomas L. Nelson, C. Dana Smith, Jason A. Davis, John M. TI Genome size variation in the pine fusiform rust pathogen Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme as determined by flow cytometry SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cronartium quercuum f.sp fusiforme; flow cytometry; fusiform rust disease; genome size; propidium iodide; pycniospore; spermatia ID NUCLEAR-DNA CONTENT; FUNGUS; RESISTANT; PLOIDY; GENE AB The genome size of the pine fusiform rust pathogen Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme (Cqf) was determined by flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide-stained, intact haploid pycniospores with haploid spores of two genetically well characterized fungal species, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Puccinia graminis f.sp. triad, as size standards. The Cqf haploid genome was estimated at similar to 90 Mb, similar to other Pucciniales species for which reference genome sequences are available. Twenty-three Cqf pycniospore samples were compared that comprised three samples obtained from naturally occurring pine galls and 20 samples obtained after artificial inoculation with parental isolates and their progeny. Significant variation in genome size (>10% of mean) was detected among unrelated as well as sibling Cqf samples. The unexpected plasticity in Cqf genome size observed among sibling samples is likely to be driven by meiosis between parental genomes that differ in size. C1 [Kubisiak, Thomas L.; Nelson, C. Dana] USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. [Anderson, Claire L.; Smith, Jason A.; Davis, John M.] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kubisiak, TL (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Old Mississippi 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM tkubisiak@fs.fed.us OI Anderson, Claire/0000-0003-1347-0274 FU Bankhead-Coley Cancer Research Program; USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station (Southern Institute of Forest Genetics) [09-CA-11330126-058]; University of Florida [09-CA-11330126-058] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Tania Quesada (School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida), Charles Barnes and Les Szabo (USDA ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota) and Jeffrey Rollins (Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida) for providing fungal material, without which this project could not have been completed. We also thank Katherine Smith (USDA-Forest Service, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida) for excellent technical assistance, Neal Benson (Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research Flow Cytometry Core Lab (ICBR-FCCL), University of Florida) for providing advice and assistance with flow cytometry and Steve McLellan (ICBR-FCCL, University of Florida) for providing confocal fluorescence microscopy services. The ICBR-FCCL is financially supported by an equipment grant from the Bankhead-Coley Cancer Research Program. This research was supported in part by Cooperative Agreement 09-CA-11330126-058 between the USDA-Forest Service Southern Research Station (Southern Institute of Forest Genetics) and the University of Florida. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1302 DI 10.3852/10-040 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 671EY UT WOS:000283484300008 PM 20943541 ER PT J AU Rojas, EI Rehner, SA Samuels, GJ Van Bael, SA Herre, EA Cannon, P Chen, R Pang, JF Wang, RW Zhang, YP Peng, YQ Sha, T AF Rojas, Enith I. Rehner, Stephen A. Samuels, Gary J. Van Bael, Sunshine A. Herre, Edward A. Cannon, Paul Chen, Rui Pang, Junfeng Wang, Ruiwu Zhang, Yaping Peng, Yan-Qiong Sha, Tao TI Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l. associated with Theobroma cacao and other plants in Panama: multilocus phylogenies distinguish host-associated pathogens from asymptomatic endophytes SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE anthracnose; China; endophyte; multilocus; Panama; pathogen ID SPORED GRAMINICOLOUS COLLETOTRICHUM; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; FOLIAR FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; IWOKRAMA-FOREST-RESERVE; DIVERSITY; INFERENCE; TREE; COMPATIBILITY; ANTHRACNOSE; COMMUNITIES AB Colletotrichum interacts with numerous plant species overtly as symptomatic pathogens and cryptically as asymptomatic endophytes. It is not known whether these contrasting ecological modes are optional strategies expressed by individual Colletotrichum species or whether a species' ecology is explicitly pathogenic or endophytic. We explored this question by inferring relationships among 77 C. gloeosporioides s.l. strains isolated from asymptomatic leaves and from anthracnose lesions on leaves and fruits of Theobroma cacao (cacao) and other plants from Panama. ITS and 5'-tef1 were used to assess diversity and to delineate operational taxonomic units for multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The ITS and 5'-tef1 screens concordantly resolved four strongly supported lineages, clades A-D: Clade A includes the ex type of C. gloeosporioides, clade B includes the ex type ITS sequence of C. boninense, and clacks C and D are unidentified. The ITS yielded limited resolution and support within all clades, in particular the C. gloeosporioides clade (A), the focal lineage dealt with in this study. In contrast the 5'-tef1 screen differentiated nine distinctive haplotype subgroups within the C. gloeosporioides clade that were concordant with phylogenetic terminals resolved in a five-locus nuclear phylogeny. Among these were two phylogenetic species associated with symptomatic infections specific to either cacao or mango and five phylogenetic species isolated principally as asymptomatic infections from cacao and other plant hosts. We formally describe two new species, C. tropicale and C. ignotum, that are frequent asymptomatic associates of cacao and other Neotropical plant species, and epitypify C. theobromicola, which is associated with foliar and fruit anthracnose lesions of cacao. Asymptomatic Colletotrichum strains isolated from cacao plants grown in China included six distinct C. gloeosporioides clade taxa, only one of which is known to occur in the Neotropics. C1 [Rojas, Enith I.; Rehner, Stephen A.; Samuels, Gary J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Van Bael, Sunshine A.; Herre, Edward A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. [Cannon, Paul] Royal Bot Gardens, Richmond TW9 3AB, Surrey, England. [Cannon, Paul] CABI, Egham TW20 9TY, Surrey, England. [Chen, Rui; Pang, Junfeng; Wang, Ruiwu; Zhang, Yaping] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Labs, Kunming Inst Zool, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Peng, Yan-Qiong] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Trop Forest Ecol, Xinshiabanna Trop Bot Garden, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, Peoples R China. [Sha, Tao] Yunnan Univ, Lab Conservat & Utilizat Bioresources, Kunming 650091, Peoples R China. RP Rehner, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Pang, Junfeng /C-7783-2011; Al Adawi, Ali/H-4593-2011; Pang, Junfeng/I-9148-2014 NR 69 TC 81 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 26 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1318 EP 1338 DI 10.3852/09-244 PG 21 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 671EY UT WOS:000283484300010 PM 20943565 ER PT J AU Walker, DM Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Sogonov, MV White, JF AF Walker, Donald M. Castlebury, Lisa A. Rossman, Amy Y. Sogonov, Mikhail V. White, James F. TI Systematics of genus Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) based on a three gene phylogeny, host associations and morphology SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE multilocus phylogeny; oak anthracnose; secondary structural alignment; strawberry leaf blotch and petiole blight; systematics ID TRITICEAE GRAMINEAE; FAGUS-SYLVATICA; INFERENCE; MRBAYES; SPRUCE; TREES; SETS AB Species of Gnomoniopsis are leaf- and stem-inhabiting pyrenomycetes that infect plants in Fagaceae, Onagraceae and Rosaceae. Morphology and analyses of DNA sequences from three ribosomal DNA and protein coding regions, namely beta-tubulin, translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef-1 alpha) and the ITS region including ITS1, 5.8S rDNA. and ITS2, were used to define species in Gnomoniopsis. Secondary structural alignment of the ITS region across four genera in Gnomoniaceae was used to increase the potential number of homologous positions in the ITS alignment. Ascospore isolates were grown from newly collected specimens. Type specimens were compared with these specimens to determine their identity. In this paper a recent concept of Gnomoniopsis is confirmed with phylogenetic resolution of additional species. Four new combinations and one new species are proposed. Nine species are described and illustrated, and a key is provided to the 13 species currently recognized in Gnomoniopsis. C1 [Walker, Donald M.; White, James F.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Walker, Donald M.; Castlebury, Lisa A.; Rossman, Amy Y.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Sogonov, Mikhail V.] EMSL Analyt Inc, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Walker, DM (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM dowalker@eden.rutgers.edu FU National Science Foundation PEET [NSF PEET 03-28634] FX This research was conducted as part of a project financially supported by the National Science Foundation PEET (NSF PEET 03-28634). DMW thanks these individuals for their contribution to this project: Luis C. Mejia for his kind guidance; Marshall Bergen, Jo Anne Crouch, Karl Kjer and Lena Struwe for assistance at Rutgers University. In addition we thank Christian Feuillet for kindly providing the Latin description; Drew Minnis, Tunesha Phipps, and Sasha Allen at the Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory; Larissa Vassiljeva and Dimitar Stoykov for sending fresh collections from which cultures were obtained; Tobin Peever and Sonja Scheffer for presubmission comments on the manuscript, as well as the two anonymous reviewers tor their constructive criticisms. We greatly appreciate the loan of specimens from the Agriculture and Agri-Food Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (DAOM), Berlin (B), Far low Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (EH), the Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland (H), and the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden (S). NR 41 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU ALLEN PRESS INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1479 EP 1496 DI 10.3852/10-002 PG 18 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 671EY UT WOS:000283484300022 PM 20943552 ER PT J AU Dixon, LJ Castlebury, LA Aime, MC Glynn, NC Comstock, JC AF Dixon, Linley J. Castlebury, Lisa A. Aime, M. Catherine Glynn, Neil C. Comstock, Jack C. TI Phylogenetic relationships of sugarcane rust fungi SO MYCOLOGICAL PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE Molecular systematics; Puccinia kuehnii; Puccinia melanocephala; Orange and brown rusts; Plant pathogenic fungi ID RIBOSOMAL DNA-SEQUENCES; 1ST REPORT; PUCCINIA-KUEHNII; ORANGE RUST; CAUSAL AGENT; INFERENCE; MRBAYES AB The phylogenetic positions of Puccinia spp. infecting sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) were determined using 38 newly generated rust sequences and 26 sequences from GenBank. Rust specimens on sugarcane were collected from 164 locations in 23 countries and identified based on light microscopy. The morphology for all samples matched that of Puccinia kuehnii or P. melanocephala, the orange and brown rust pathogens of sugarcane, respectively. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (rDNA) including portions of the 5.8S rDNA, the complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 5' region of the large subunit (nLSU) rDNA were obtained for each species along with 36 additional rust taxa. Despite a shared host, the two Puccinia spp. on sugarcane are not closely related within the Pucciniales. Phylogenetic analyses place P. melanocephala most closely to P. miscanthi, P. nakanishikii, and P. rufipes infecting Miscanthus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus, and Imperata cylindrica, respectively. Puccinia kuehnii is basal to a clade of Poaceae-infecting rusts including P. agrophila, P. polysora, P. substriata, and Uromyces setariae-italicae infecting Schizachyrium spp., Zea mays, Digitaria spp., and Urochloa mosambicensis, respectively. Light and scanning electron microscopy images highlight morphological differences distinguishing the two sugarcane-infecting species. This study confirms the separation of rust species infecting Poaceae from Cyperaceae- and Juncaceae-infecting rusts and also provides support for the presence of an additional group that includes P. kuehnii and other grass-infecting relatives. C1 [Dixon, Linley J.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Glynn, Neil C.; Comstock, Jack C.] USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. [Aime, M. Catherine] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Dixon, Linley J.; Castlebury, Lisa A.] USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol & Microbiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dixon, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Mycol Lab, Rm 304,Bldg 011A,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM Linley.Dixon@ars.usda.gov NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1617-416X J9 MYCOL PROG JI Mycol. Prog. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 459 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s11557-009-0649-6 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 666OT UT WOS:000283125700001 ER PT J AU Huang, XH Wei, XH Sang, T Zhao, QA Feng, Q Zhao, Y Li, CY Zhu, CR Lu, TT Zhang, ZW Li, M Fan, DL Guo, YL Wang, A Wang, L Deng, LW Li, WJ Lu, YQ Weng, QJ Liu, KY Huang, T Zhou, TY Jing, YF Li, W Lin, Z Buckler, ES Qian, QA Zhang, QF Li, JY Han, B AF Huang, Xuehui Wei, Xinghua Sang, Tao Zhao, Qiang Feng, Qi Zhao, Yan Li, Canyang Zhu, Chuanrang Lu, Tingting Zhang, Zhiwu Li, Meng Fan, Danlin Guo, Yunli Wang, Ahong Wang, Lu Deng, Liuwei Li, Wenjun Lu, Yiqi Weng, Qijun Liu, Kunyan Huang, Tao Zhou, Taoying Jing, Yufeng Li, Wei Lin, Zhang Buckler, Edward S. Qian, Qian Zhang, Qi-Fa Li, Jiayang Han, Bin TI Genome-wide association studies of 14 agronomic traits in rice landraces SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; HAPLOTYPE MAP; CULTIVATED RICE; ORYZA-SATIVA; MAIZE; GENE; DOMESTICATION; PHENOTYPES; VARIETIES; SEQUENCE AB Uncovering the genetic basis of agronomic traits in crop landraces that have adapted to various agro-climatic conditions is important to world food security. Here we have identified similar to 3.6 million SNPs by sequencing 517 rice landraces and constructed a high-density haplotype map of the rice genome using a novel data-imputation method. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 14 agronomic traits in the population of Oryza sativa indica subspecies. The loci identified through GWAS explained similar to 36% of the phenotypic variance, on average. The peak signals at six loci were tied closely to previously identified genes. This study provides a fundamental resource for rice genetics research and breeding, and demonstrates that an approach integrating second-generation genome sequencing and GWAS can be used as a powerful complementary strategy to classical biparental cross-mapping for dissecting complex traits in rice. C1 [Huang, Xuehui; Zhao, Qiang; Feng, Qi; Zhao, Yan; Li, Canyang; Zhu, Chuanrang; Lu, Tingting; Fan, Danlin; Guo, Yunli; Wang, Ahong; Wang, Lu; Deng, Liuwei; Li, Wenjun; Lu, Yiqi; Weng, Qijun; Liu, Kunyan; Huang, Tao; Zhou, Taoying; Jing, Yufeng; Li, Wei; Lin, Zhang; Han, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Natl Ctr Gene Res, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Huang, Xuehui; Zhao, Qiang; Han, Bin] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Genom, CAS Key Lab Genome Sci & Informat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wei, Xinghua; Qian, Qian] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, China Natl Rice Res Inst, State Key Lab Rice Biol, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Zhiwu; Li, Meng; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY USA. [Sang, Tao] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Li, Meng] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Agr, State Key Lab Crop Genet & Germplasm Enhancement, Natl Ctr Soybean Improvement, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Zhang, Qi-Fa] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Ctr Plant Gene Res Wuhan, Natl Key Lab Crop Genet Improvement, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Li, Jiayang] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Ctr Plant Gene Res, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Han, B (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol, Natl Ctr Gene Res, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM bhan@ncgr.ac.cn OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Zhang, Zhiwu/0000-0002-5784-9684 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX2-YW-N-024]; China's Ministry of Science and Technology [2006AA10A102]; Ministry of Agriculture [2008ZX08009-002]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30821004] FX We thank the China National Rice Research Institute for providing the landrace samples, R. A. Wing for critical reading of the manuscript, P. Hu for helping assay rice grain quality and Z. Ning for assistance with sequence alignment. This work was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-N-024), China's Ministry of Science and Technology (2006AA10A102) and Ministry of Agriculture (2008ZX08009-002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30821004) to B.H. NR 42 TC 569 Z9 646 U1 35 U2 334 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 11 BP 961 EP U76 DI 10.1038/ng.695 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 671VW UT WOS:000283540500012 PM 20972439 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Schomberg, HH Jenkins, MB Franklin, DH Fisher, DS AF Endale, Dinku M. Schomberg, Harry H. Jenkins, Michael B. Franklin, Dory H. Fisher, Dwight S. TI Management implications of conservation tillage and poultry litter use for Southern Piedmont USA cropping systems SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Conventional tillage; Corn; Cotton; No-till; Organic matter; Runoff; Soil quality; Water quality ID BROILER LITTER; GEORGIA PIEDMONT; NO-TILLAGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; FECAL BACTERIA; SEX-HORMONES; SOIL; ULTISOL; RUNOFF AB Conservation tillage and judicious use of animal manures as fertilizers can make significant contributions for sustainable food production in the twenty-first century. Identifying and understanding the many interactions occurring within agricultural systems is fundamental for accomplishing this feat. This paper synthesizes 14 years of research results from a study that began in the early 1990s in which researchers from USDA-ARS and the University of Georgia investigated cropping system influences on nutrient management under natural rainfall. Increases in C and N with no-till resulted in improved soil structure that increased infiltration rate and soil water availability. Biological activity as indicated by earthworms was greater with no-till and poultry litter (PL). In all but the very driest year, yields of cotton and corn increased on average 10-27% with no-till and 32-42% with combination of no-till and PL. On the other hand soil nutrient accumulation, particularly P and Zn from long-term use of poultry litter in corn production, reached excessive levels and could present environmental risks. Drainage increased in no-till raising the risk of leaching of nutrients into the soil profile. However, runoff decreased in no-till and the presence of a rye cover crop during the winter reduced the leaching losses of N compared to no cover crop. During cotton production under relative drought, no-till and poultry litter led to somewhat elevated dissolved phosphorus concentration in runoff, and fluometuron was detected in runoff and drainage while pendimethalin was not. Fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and fecal enterococci), and the hormones estradiol and testosterone were observed in drainage and runoff but concentrations were similar across all treatments. By conducting the study for an extended period under natural environmental conditions, we were able to highlight real risks and potentials of the contrasting cropping systems. While 6 out of 14 years of relative drought might have limited the water quality response of treatments, such droughts are common features of the weather pattern in the region. Even then, use of no-till as the predominant tillage system was supported by improved yields. Fertilizer management, especially crop N need-based use of PL, requires closer monitoring to insure that production advantages of no-till and poultry litter are not offset by concerns with environmental risks. Long-term research requires sustained resource inputs to answer critical questions of environmental risk and emerging unknown issues. C1 [Endale, Dinku M.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Jenkins, Michael B.; Franklin, Dory H.; Fisher, Dwight S.] ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM Dinku.Endale@ars.usda.gov FU CSREES-NRI; USDA; University of Georgia FX This type of experimental facility requires a significant investment of time and funds to meet the research and maintenance demands. A dedicated team of technical support is critical for maintaining instrumentation as well as data collection, processing and checking. Over the years several scientists technical support staff and students have contributed time, effort, and talent toward the various studies carried out at this research facility. While too many to list here, they should know that we are grateful to all of them. We also acknowledge the generous financial support from CSREES-NRI sources as well as base funding from USDA and University of Georgia. Mention of trademark, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 88 IS 2 SI SI BP 299 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s10705-009-9318-z PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 666OD UT WOS:000283123800013 ER PT J AU Vishwanathan, R Gendron, CM Goodrow-Kotyla, EF Wilson, TA Nicolosi, RJ AF Vishwanathan, Rohini Gendron, Candice M. Goodrow-Kotyla, Elizabeth F. Wilson, Thomas A. Nicolosi, Robert J. TI Increased consumption of dietary cholesterol, lutein, and zeaxanthin as egg yolks does not decrease serum concentrations and lipoprotein distribution of other carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Carotenoids; Tocopherols; Eggs; Cholesterol; Humans ID BETA-CAROTENE; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-E; MACULAR DEGENERATION; LUNG-CANCER; ELDERLY POPULATION; PLASMA; SUPPLEMENTATION; MEN; LYCOPENE AB We have previously reported that consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin as 2 and 4 egg yolks per day for 5 weeks significantly increased serum lutein and zcaxanthin concentrations in older adults taking cholesterol-lowering statins. We hypothesized that increased consumption of eggs, lutein, and zeaxanthin may correlate with decreased absorption of other carotenoids and increased absorption of vitamins A and E, thus affecting their serum concentrations and lipoprotein distribution. Fifty-two subjects aged at least 60 years consumed 2 egg yolks per day followed by 4 egg yolks per day for 5 weeks each with a 4-week egg-free period at baseline and between the 2 interventions. Mean serum beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and retinol concentrations did not change during the 2 and 4 egg yolk phases. Mean serum alpha-cryptoxanthin and gamma-tocopherol concentrations did not change after the 2 egg yolk phase, but increased by 47% (P < .001) and 19% (P < .05), respectively, after the 4 egg yolk phase. The percentage distribution of carotenoids and tocopherols between the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL fractions was not significantly different during the egg yolk phases compared with baseline despite the significant increases in lutein and zeaxanthin carried on HDL and non-HDL fractions. In conclusion, increased dietary cholesterol, lutein, and zeaxanthin consumed as egg yolks did not decrease the absorption of other carotenoids, and increased gamma-tocopherol but not retinol as evidenced by their serum and lipoprotein concentrations. Two and 4 egg yolk consumption increases scrum and retinal lutein and zcaxanthin without altering the serum status of the other carotenoids, tocopherol, and retinal. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Goodrow-Kotyla, Elizabeth F.; Wilson, Thomas A.; Nicolosi, Robert J.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Hlth & Dis Res, Dept Clin Lab & Nutr Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Vishwanathan, Rohini] Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer USDA, Carotenoids & Hlth Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Gendron, Candice M.] Mayo Med Labs, Dept Toxicol, Andover, MA USA. RP Nicolosi, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Hlth & Dis Res, Dept Clin Lab & Nutr Sci, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM nicolosi.robert@yahoo.com OI Wilson, Thomas/0000-0001-8363-4356 FU American Egg Board, Egg Nutrition Center, Washington, DC; Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund Inc, New Bedford, MA FX The authors would like to thank the following individuals who contributed to the study: Olan Horne and Christopher Monti, Aramark Corp for preparation of the food items; Saints Memorial Medical Center, Lawrence General Hospital, and Tien from UMass Lowell for the blood draws; Maureen Faul, Center for Health and Disease Research at UMass Lowell, for administrative assistance in conducting the study; Garry Handelman for advice and suggestions on carotenoid measurement using HPLC; and Elizabeth Johnson for reviewing the paper. The study was funded by the American Egg Board, Egg Nutrition Center, Washington, DC, and Massachusetts Lions Eye Research Fund Inc, New Bedford, MA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 BP 747 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.10.007 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 695XM UT WOS:000285405900002 PM 21130293 ER PT J AU Thacher, TD Abrams, SA AF Thacher, Tom D. Abrams, Steven A. TI Relationship of calcium absorption with 25(OH)D and calcium intake in children with rickets SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE bone; calcium deficiency; metabolism; vitamin D ID VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY; LOW DIETARY CALCIUM; NUTRITIONAL RICKETS; NIGERIAN CHILDREN; SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; STABLE-ISOTOPES; GIRLS; ADOLESCENTS; METABOLISM AB Nutritional rickets has long been considered a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, but recent data indicate that inadequate dietary calcium intake is an important cause of rickets, particularly in tropical countries. Children with rickets due to calcium deficiency do not have very low 25(OH)D concentrations, and serum 1,25(OH)(2)D values are markedly elevated. Studies of Nigerian children with rickets demonstrated they have high fractional calcium absorption. A high-phytate diet was demonstrated to increase calcium absorption compared with the fasting state, and enzymatic dephytinization did not significantly improve calcium absorption. When given vitamin D, children with rickets have a marked increase in 1,25(OH)(2)D concentrations without any change in fractional calcium absorption. No positive relationship was found between fractional calcium absorption and serum 25(OH)D concentrations in children on low-calcium diets. More research is needed to understand the interaction between calcium and vitamin D and the role of vitamin D in calcium absorption. C1 [Thacher, Tom D.] Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Abrams, Steven A.] Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Thacher, TD (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Dept Family Med, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM thacher.thomas@mayo.edu OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 68 IS 11 BP 682 EP 688 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00338.x PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 669CF UT WOS:000283323300004 PM 20961298 ER PT J AU Risch, AC Wirthner, S Busse, MD Page-Dumroese, DS Schutz, M AF Risch, Anita C. Wirthner, Sven Busse, Matt D. Page-Dumroese, Deborah S. Schuetz, Martin TI Grubbing by wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) and its impact on hardwood forest soil carbon dioxide emissions in Switzerland SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Soil mixing; Microbial biomass; Fine root biomass; Omnivore; Geographic information system model ID GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; ORGANIC-MATTER; FERAL PIGS; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; CALIFORNIA GRASSLAND; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND; POPULATION-DENSITY; TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SITE PREPARATION AB Interest in soil C storage and release has increased in recent years. In addition to factors such as climate/land-use change, vertebrate animals can have a considerable impact on soil CO2 emissions. To date, most research has considered herbivores, while the impact of omnivorous animals has rarely been investigated. Our goal was to determine how European wild boars (Sus scrofa L.), large omnivores that consume soil-inhabiting animals and belowground plant parts by grubbing in the soil, affect soil C dynamics. We measured soil respiration (CO2), temperature, and moisture on paired grubbed and non-grubbed plots in six hardwood forest stands for a 3-year period and sampled fine root and microbial biomass at the beginning and after 2 years of the study. We also measured the percentage of freshly disturbed forest soil within the larger surroundings of each stand and used this information together with hunting statistics and forest cover data to model the total amount of CO2 released from Swiss forest soils due to grubbing during 1 year. Soil CO2 emissions were significantly higher on grubbed compared to non-grubbed plots during the study. On average 23.1% more CO2 was released from these plots, which we associated with potential alterations in CO2 diffusion rates, incorporation of litter into the mineral soil and higher fine root/microbial biomass. Thus, wild boars considerably increased the small-scale heterogeneity of soil properties. Roughly 1% of Switzerland's surface area is similar to our sites (boar density/forest cover). Given the range of forest soil disturbance of 27-54% at our sites, the geographic information system model predicted that boar grubbing would lead to the release of an additional 49,731.10-98,454.74 t CO2 year(-1). These values are relatively small compared to total soil emissions estimated for Swiss hardwood forests and suggest that boars will have little effect on large-scale emissions unless their numbers increase and their range expands dramatically. C1 [Risch, Anita C.; Wirthner, Sven; Schuetz, Martin] Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Res Unit Community Ecol, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [Busse, Matt D.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96002 USA. [Page-Dumroese, Deborah S.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Risch, AC (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res, Res Unit Community Ecol, Zuercherstr 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. EM anita.risch@wsl.ch RI Risch, Anita/A-9836-2012 OI Risch, Anita/0000-0003-0531-8336 FU Swiss National Forest Inventory FX We thank Dieter Trummer, Lieven Dekoninck, Florian Risch, Barbara Moser and Ulrich Wasem for their help with establishing the fences and Dieter Trummer, Manuel Lingg and Verena Hechinger for their help during Weld work. We are grateful to Alice Ratcliff and Joanne Tirocke for analyzing the soil samples in the laboratory, to ETH statistical consulting services, Christof Bigler and several other people for their statistical advice. Our thanks also go to the local foresters and hunting organizations for their support of our study and granted access to our sites. We thank the authorities of the states of Switzerland for providing the hunting statistics. In addition, we thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript, and the Vegetation and Soil sub-project of the Swiss National Forest Inventory for funding this study. The present study was conducted in compliance with the current laws of Switzerland. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 EI 1432-1939 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2010 VL 164 IS 3 BP 773 EP 784 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1665-6 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 666FC UT WOS:000283097900019 PM 20512594 ER PT J AU Friggens, MM Beier, P AF Friggens, Megan M. Beier, Paul TI Anthropogenic disturbance and the risk of flea-borne disease transmission SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Global change; Biodiversity; Zoonotic disease; Vector; Emerging disease ID SMALL MAMMALS; HOST-SPECIFICITY; YERSINIA-PESTIS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SPECIES RICHNESS; WILD RODENTS; PLAGUE; SIPHONAPTERA AB Anthropogenic disturbance may lead to the spread of vector-borne diseases through effects on pathogens, vectors, and hosts. Identifying the type and extent of vector response to habitat change will enable better and more accurate management strategies for anthropogenic disease spread. We compiled and analyzed data from published empirical studies to test for patterns among flea and small mammal diversity, abundance, several measures of flea infestation, and host specificity in 70 small mammal communities of five biomes and three levels of human disturbance: remote/wild areas, agricultural areas, and urban areas. Ten of 12 mammal and flea characteristics showed a significant effect of disturbance category (six), biome (four), or both (two). Six variables had a significant interaction effect. For mammal-flea communities in forest habitats (39 of the 70 communities), disturbance affected all 12 characteristics. Overall, flea and mammal richness were higher in remote versus urban sites. Most measures of flea infestation, including percent of infested mammals and fleas/mammal and fleas/mammal species increased with increasing disturbance or peaked at intermediate levels of disturbance. In addition, host use increased, and the number of specialist fleas decreased, as human disturbance increased. Of the three most common biomes (forest, grassland/savanna, desert), deserts were most sensitive to disturbance. Finally, sites of intermediate disturbance were most diverse and exhibited characteristics associated with increased disease spread. Anthropogenic disturbance was associated with conditions conducive to increased transmission of flea-borne diseases. C1 [Friggens, Megan M.; Beier, Paul] No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Friggens, Megan M.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Friggens, MM (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM meganfriggens@fs.fed.us RI Beier, Paul/K-9294-2013 OI Beier, Paul/0000-0002-4297-4343 FU NSF/NIH [EF-0326757]; U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station FX We thank Dave Wagner, Robert Parmenter, Paulette Ford, Boris Krasnov, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments which greatly improved this paper. The Sevilleta Wildlife Refuge and Long-Term Ecological Research Site provided analysis software and support. Many articles used in analysis were provided by the electronic library of the Center for Disease Control (Vector borne and Zoonotic Diseases), Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. This research was funded by the Ecology of Infectious Diseases program of the NSF/NIH (EF-0326757) and the U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. NR 74 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 2010 VL 164 IS 3 BP 809 EP 820 DI 10.1007/s00442-010-1747-5 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 666FC UT WOS:000283097900022 PM 20740292 ER PT J AU Shen, CL Yeh, JK Cao, JJ Tatum, OL Dagda, RY Wang, JS AF Shen, C. -L. Yeh, J. K. Cao, J. J. Tatum, O. L. Dagda, R. Y. Wang, J. -S. TI Synergistic effects of green tea polyphenols and alphacalcidol on chronic inflammation-induced bone loss in female rats SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Bone biomarker; Bone mineral density; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Tea; Vitamin D ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; PLAIN VITAMIN-D; KAPPA-B LIGAND; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MINERAL DENSITY; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; OSTEOCLAST FORMATION; CORTICAL BONE; 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYVITAMIN D-3 AB Studies suggest that green tea polyphenols (GTP) or alphacalcidol is promising agent for preventing bone loss. Findings that GTP supplementation plus alphacalcidol administration increased bone mass via a decrease of oxidative stress and inflammation suggest a significant role of GTP plus alphacalcidol in bone health of patients with chronic inflammation. Studies have suggested that green tea polyphenols (GTP) or alphacalcidol are promising dietary supplements for preventing bone loss in women. However, the mechanism(s) related to the possible osteo-protective role of GTP plus D(3) in chronic inflammation-induced bone loss is not well understood. This study evaluated bioavailability, efficacy, and related mechanisms of GTP in combination with alphacalcidol in conserving bone loss in rats with chronic inflammation. A 12-week study of 2 (no GTP vs. 0.5% GTP in drinking water) x 2 (no alphacalcidol vs. 0.05 mu g/kg alphacalcidol, 5x/week) factorial design in lipopolysaccharide-administered female rats was performed. In addition, a group receiving placebo administration was used to compare with a group receiving lipopolysaccharide administration only to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide administration resulted in lower values for bone mass, but higher values for serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 in spleen. GTP supplementation increased urinary epigallocatechin and epicatechin concentrations. Both GTP supplementation and alphacalcidol administration resulted in a significant increase in bone mass, but a significant decrease in serum TRAP levels, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels, and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 in spleen. A synergistic effect of GTP and alphacalcidol was observed in these parameters. Neither GTP nor alphacalcidol affected femoral bone area or serum osteocalcin. We conclude that a bone-protective role of GTP plus alphacalcidol during chronic inflammation bone loss may be due to a reduction of oxidative stress damage and inflammation. C1 [Shen, C. -L.; Dagda, R. Y.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Shen, C. -L.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Laura W Bush Inst Womens Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Shen, C. -L.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Lab Sci & Primary Care, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Yeh, J. K.] Winthrop Univ Hosp, Appl Bench Core Lab, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. [Cao, J. J.] ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Tatum, O. L.] Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Mol Pathol Program, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. [Wang, J. -S.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Shen, CL (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, BB 198,3601 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. EM leslie.shen@ttuhsc.edu FU Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health; National Institutes of Health/National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine [R21AT003735]; National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute [CA90997] FX This study was supported by the Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and National Institutes of Health/National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine grant R21AT003735 (CLS) and the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute grant CA90997 (JSW). NR 81 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER LONDON LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, 6TH FLOOR, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1841 EP 1852 DI 10.1007/s00198-009-1122-8 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 656HU UT WOS:000282320700008 PM 20069278 ER PT J AU Cabezon, O Millan, J Gomis, M Dubey, JP Ferroglio, E Almeria, S AF Cabezon, Oscar Millan, Javier Gomis, Margalida Dubey, Jitender P. Ferroglio, Ezio Almeria, Sonia TI Kennel dogs as sentinels of Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum in Majorca Island, Spain SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TISSUE CYSTS; SEROPREVALENCE; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; CATS; DIAGNOSIS; RESPONSES; PCR AB Kennel dogs can serve as sentinels and/or reservoirs of diseases of veterinary and zoonotic interest because they have often roamed free and lived outdoors, thus being exposed to pathogens. We tested dogs from the kennel of Inca (Majorca/Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain) for evidence of infection with three protozoan parasites: Leishmania infantum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Neospora caninum. Exposure to L. infantum was found in 56.3% of 48 dogs (37.5% by Western blot, 43.8% by PCR). Only 30% of infected dogs had leishmaniosis-like lesions. Seroprevalence to T. gondii was 58.7% of 46 dogs using the modified agglutination test (MAT, titer 1:25). None of the 44 dogs tested had N. caninum antibodies using a commercial competitive ELISA, probably because the surveyed dogs did not roam in the proximity of cattle farms. Results confirm the endemicity of L. infantum and also the widespread presence of T. gondii in the Mediterranean island of Majorca. C1 [Cabezon, Oscar; Millan, Javier] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Serv Ecopatol Fauna Salvatge SEFaS, Dept Med & Cirurgia Anim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Gomis, Margalida] Fundacio Nat Parc, Santa Eugenia 07142, Balearic Isl, Spain. [Dubey, Jitender P.] ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Ferroglio, Ezio] Univ Turin, Dept Anim Prod Epidemiol & Ecol, I-10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy. [Almeria, Sonia] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Sanitat & Anat Anim, Fac Vet, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Almeria, Sonia] UAB IRTA, Ctr Recerca Sanitat Anim CReSA, Barcelona 08193, Spain. RP Millan, J (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Serv Ecopatol Fauna Salvatge SEFaS, Dept Med & Cirurgia Anim, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM syngamustrachea@hotmail.com RI Millan, Javier/B-5399-2008; Cabezon, Oscar/L-3812-2014; Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014 OI Millan, Javier/0000-0001-5608-781X; Cabezon, Oscar/0000-0001-7543-8371; Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488 FU Conselleria de Medi Ambient, Govern de les Illes Balears [5893/2008]; Compagnia di San Paolo; [AGL2007-65521] FX We wish to thank Toni Mas and Javier Alvarez from Fundacio Natura Parc, and Dr. Bartomeu Segui from Conselleria de Medi Ambient (Govern de les Illes Balears). This work was partially funded by Conselleria de Medi Ambient, Govern de les Illes Balears (contract No. 5893/2008), grant AGL2007-65521 and Compagnia di San Paolo. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 107 IS 6 BP 1505 EP 1508 DI 10.1007/s00436-010-2015-7 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 678KL UT WOS:000284072400028 PM 20689966 ER PT J AU Szymlek-Gay, EA Hernell, O Abrams, SA Lonnerdal, B Graverholt, G Domellof, M AF Szymlek-Gay, E. A. Hernell, O. Abrams, S. A. Loennerdal, B. Graverholt, G. Domellof, M. TI A-LACTALBUMIN AND CASEIN-GLYCOMACROPEPTIDE HAVE NO EFFECT ON IRON ABSORPTION FROM LOW-IRON FORMULA IN HEALTHY TERM INFANTS SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Szymlek-Gay, E. A.; Hernell, O.; Domellof, M.] Umea Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Umea, Sweden. [Abrams, S. A.] USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Loennerdal, B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Graverholt, G.] Arla Foods Ingredients, Aarhus, Denmark. RI Domellof, Magnus/E-5307-2011 OI Domellof, Magnus/0000-0002-0726-7029 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 68 SU 1 MA 19 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA V25LO UT WOS:000208479700020 ER PT J AU Cottrell, TE Wood, BW Ni, XZ AF Cottrell, Ted E. Wood, Bruce W. Ni, Xinzhi TI Application of plant growth regulators mitigates chlorotic foliar injury by the black pecan aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Melanocallis caryaefoliae; Carya illinoinensis; forchlorfenuron; gibberellic acid; aviglycine; leaf chlorosis ID FALL DEFOLIATION; LEAF SENESCENCE; LEAVES; GIBBERELLIN(4+7); BENZYLADENINE; HYDROLASE; RESISTANT; BEHAVIOR; STEMS; FRUIT AB BACKGROUND: Black pecan aphid, Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), feeding elicits localized chlorotic injury to pecan foliage [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K Koch] and apparent acceleration of leaf senescence and defoliation. The ability of certain plant growth regulators (PGRs) (forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid and aviglycine) to preventM. caryaefoliae from triggering pecan leaf chlorosis and senescence-like processes was evaluated on two dates in both 2006 and 2007. Treatments were applied to orchard foliage and used in laboratory leaf-disc bioassays to assess possible reduction in aphid-elicited chlorosis and concomitant effects on aphid mortality and development. RESULTS: Foliage pretreated with forchlorfenuron + gibberellic acid prior to being challenged with aphids resulted in significantly less aphid-elicited chlorosis than did control or aviglycine-treated leaf discs. No PGR affected aphid mortality; however, development time was increased by forchlorfenuron + gibberellic acid in 2006 and by aviglycine + gibberellic acid on one date in 2007. CONCLUSION: Certain PGRs possess the potential for usage on pecan to protect foliar canopies from M. caryaefoliae via changes in the susceptibility of the host leaf to senescence-like factors being introduced by feeding aphids. This protective effect on host foliage and the associated suppressive effect on development of feeding aphids might also be relevant to pest management programs on other aphid-crop systems in which aphid-elicited chlorosis and senescence-like processes can limit profitability. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cottrell, Ted E.; Wood, Bruce W.] ARS, USDA, SEFTRNL, Byron, GA 31008 USA. [Ni, Xinzhi] ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA USA. RP Cottrell, TE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SEFTRNL, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. EM ted.cottrell@ars.usda.gov RI Ni, Xinzhi/C-4409-2011 FU Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Pecans FX Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. The authors thank A Amis, G Starks and W Turner (USDA, ARS, SEFTNRL, Byron, GA) and Rebekah Auman (Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia) for providing technical assistance. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Pecans. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 IS 11 BP 1236 EP 1242 DI 10.1002/ps.2000 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 670FJ UT WOS:000283406300011 PM 20715019 ER PT J AU Johnson, DM Mueller, R AF Johnson, David M. Mueller, Richard TI The 2009 Cropland Data Layer SO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Johnson, David M.; Mueller, Richard] Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Johnson, DM (reprint author), Natl Agr Stat Serv, USDA, 3251 Old Lee Highway,Suite 305, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM dave_johnson@nass.usda.gov; rick_mueller@nass.usda.gov NR 4 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC PHOTOGRAMMETRY PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 210, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2160 USA SN 0099-1112 J9 PHOTOGRAMM ENG REM S JI Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1201 EP 1205 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Geology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 680PZ UT WOS:000284248200001 ER PT J AU Lu, YY Equiza, MA Deng, XP Tyree, MT AF Lu, Yanyuan Equiza, Maria Alejandra Deng, Xiping Tyree, Melvin T. TI Recovery of Populus tremuloides seedlings following severe drought causing total leaf mortality and extreme stem embolism SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; TREMBLING ASPEN; GAS-EXCHANGE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; DESICCATION-TOLERANCE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; XYLEM CAVITATION; WATER-STRESS; DRYING SOIL AB In contrast with other native Populus species in North America, Populus tremuloides (aspen) can successfully establish itself in drought-prone areas, yet no comprehensive analysis has been performed on the ability of seedlings to withstand and recover from a severe drought resulting in complete leaf mortality. Here, we subjected 4-month-old aspen seedlings grown in two contrasting soil media to a progressive drought until total leaf mortality, followed by a rewatering cycle. Stomatal conductance (g(s)), photosynthesis and transpiration followed a sigmoid decline with declining fraction of extractable soil water values. Cessation of leaf expansion occurred close to the end of the linear-decrease phase, when g(s) was reduced by 95%. Leaf mortality started after g(s) reached the lowest values, which corresponded to a stem-xylem pressure potential (Psi(xp)) of -2.0 MPa and a percent loss of stem hydraulic conductivity (PLC) of 50%. In plants with 50% leaf mortality, PLC values remained around 50%. Complete leaf mortality occurred at an average stem PLC of 90%, but all seedlings were able to resprout after 6-10 days of being rewatered. Plants decapitated at soil level before rewatering developed root suckers, while those left with a 4-cm stump or with their stems intact resprouted exclusively from axillary buds. Resprouting was accompanied by recovery of stem hydraulic conductivity, with PLC values around 30%. The percentage of resprouted buds was negatively correlated with the stem %PLC. Thus, the recovery of stem hydraulic conductivity appears as an important factor in the resprouting capacity of aspen seedlings following a severe drought. C1 [Equiza, Maria Alejandra; Tyree, Melvin T.] Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Lu, Yanyuan; Deng, Xiping] NW A&F Univ, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess P, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Tyree, Melvin T.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP Equiza, MA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, 4-51 Earth Sci Bldg, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM ale.equiza@gmail.com OI 邓, 西平/0000-0003-4577-9217 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB118604] FX The authors thank Bruce Alexander, Greenhouse Manager of ALES Faculty, University of Alberta, for his valuable support, Damian Cirelli for his help during the experimental set up as well as critical review of the article and Cai Jing for the dye-perfusion analyses. This study was also supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB118604). NR 42 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 3 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01397.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 663HN UT WOS:000282874100004 PM 20618763 ER PT J AU Cao, HP Graves, DJ Anderson, RA AF Cao, Heping Graves, Donald J. Anderson, Richard A. TI Cinnamon extract regulates glucose transporter and insulin-signaling gene expression in mouse adipocytes SO PHYTOMEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Adipocytes; Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii); Diabetes; Gene expression; Obesity ID 3T3-L1 ADIPOCYTES; GLUT1 EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; PROTEIN; TRISTETRAPROLIN; POLYPHENOLS; KINASE; RATS; VIVO AB Cinnamon extracts (CE) are reported to have beneficial effects on people with normal and impaired glucose tolerance the metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance However clinical results are controversial Molecular characterization of CE effects is limited This study investigated the effects of CE on gene expression in cultured mouse adipocytes Water-soluble CE was prepared from ground cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) Quantitative real-tune PCR was used to investigate CE effects on the expression of genes coding for adipokines glucose transporter (GLUT) family and insulin-signaling components in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes CE (10014/mu g/ml) increased GLUT1 mRNA levels 1 91 0 15 439 +/- 0 78 and 698 +/- 2 18-fold of the control after 2- 4- and 16-h treatments respectively CE decreased the expression of further genes encoding insulin-signaling pathway proteins including GSK3B IGF1R IGF2R and PIK3R1 This study indicates that CE regulates the expression of multiple genes in adipocytes and this regulation could contribute to the potential health benefits of CE Published by Elsevier GmbH C1 [Cao, Heping] Agr Res Serv, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. [Cao, Heping; Anderson, Richard A.] Agr Res Serv, Diet Genom & Immunol Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Graves, Donald J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Cao, HP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. FU USDA-Agricultural Research Service [CRIS 1235-51520-037-00D, CRIS 6435-41000-090-00] FX We thank Joseph F Urban Jr for his insightful comments on the manuscript and Marilyn M Polansky and James Pavlovich for technical assistance This work was supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Human Nutrition Research Program 107 through CRIS 1235-51520-037-00D and the USDA-Agricultural Research Service Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products Research Program 306 through CRIS 6435-41000-090-00 A preliminary report was presented at the Experimental Biology 2009 in New Orleans LA on April 18-22 2009 (Cao and Anderson 2009) NR 30 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0944-7113 EI 1618-095X J9 PHYTOMEDICINE JI Phytomedicine PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 13 BP 1027 EP 1032 DI 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.23 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 688OH UT WOS:000284860000005 PM 20554184 ER PT J AU Todd, JC Ammar, ED Redinbaugh, MG Hoy, C Hogenhout, SA AF Todd, Jane C. Ammar, El-Desouky Redinbaugh, Margaret G. Hoy, Casey Hogenhout, Saskia A. TI Plant Host Range and Leafhopper Transmission of Maize fine streak virus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAMINELLA-NIGRIFRONS HOMOPTERA; STRIATE MOSAIC VIRUS; DWARF-VIRUS; PLANTHOPPER VECTOR; GENETIC-VARIATION; SCHIZAPHIS-GRAMINUM; PEREGRINUS-MAIDIS; ENDRIA INIMICA; YELLOW-DWARF; CICADELLIDAE AB Maize fine streak virus (MFSV), an emerging Rhabdovirus sp. in the genus Nucleorhabdovirus, is persistently transmitted by the black-faced leafhopper, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes). MFSV was transmitted to maize, wheat, oat, rye, barley, foxtail, annual ryegrass, and quackgrass by G. nigrifrons. Parameters affecting efficiency of MFSV acquisition (infection) and transmission (inoculation) to maize were evaluated using single-leafhopper inoculations and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MFSV was detected in approximate to 20% of leafhoppers that fed on infected plants but <10% of insects transmitted the virus. Nymphs became infected earlier and supported higher viral titers than adults but developmental stage at aquisition did not affect the rate of MFSV transmission. Viral titer and transmission also increased with longer post-first access to diseased periods (PADPs) (the sum of the intervals from the beginning of die acquisition access period to the end of the inoculation access period). Length of the acquisition access period was more important for virus accumulation in adults, whereas length of the interval between acquisition access and inoculation access was more important in nymphs. A threshold viral titer was needed for transmission but no transmission occurred, irrespective of titer, with a PADP of <4 weeks. MFSV was first detected by immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy at 2-week PADPs in midgut cells, hemocytes, and neural tissues; 3-week PADPs in tracheal cells: and 4-week PADPs in salivary glands, coinciding with the time of transmission to plants. C1 [Todd, Jane C.; Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Todd, Jane C.; Ammar, El-Desouky; Hogenhout, Saskia A.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Redinbaugh, Margaret G.] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hoy, Casey] Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Agr Ecosyst Management, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. [Hogenhout, Saskia A.] John Innes Ctr, Dept Dis & Stress Biol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RP Redinbaugh, MG (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. EM peg.redinbaugh@ars.usda.gov RI Hogenhout, Saskia/D-9266-2012; Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 FU Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University; John Innes Centre; Gatsby Charitable Foundation; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) FX Salaries and research support were provided by state and federal funds appropriated to the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University. S. A. Hogenhout is supported by The John Innes Centre and The Gatsby Charitable Foundation. The John Innes Centre is grant-aided by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). We thank K. Willie and J. Abt for expert technical assistance, R. Anderson for experimental materials and assistance with rearing insects, and W. Slyer and L. R. Nault for providing seed and valuable advice. NR 52 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 100 IS 11 BP 1138 EP 1145 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-05-10-0144 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 670AD UT WOS:000283390700002 PM 20649417 ER PT J AU Otero-Colina, G Rodriguez-Alvarado, G Fernandez-Pavia, S Maymon, M Ploetz, RC Aoki, T O'Donnell, K Freeman, S AF Otero-Colina, Gabriel Rodriguez-Alvarado, Gerardo Fernandez-Pavia, Sylvia Maymon, Marcel Ploetz, Randy C. Aoki, Takayuki O'Donnell, Kerry Freeman, Stanley TI Identification and Characterization of a Novel Etiological Agent of Mango Malformation Disease in Mexico, Fusarium mexicanum sp. nov. SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fusarium moniliforme; F. subglutinans; genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR); Mangifera indica ID FUJIKUROI SPECIES COMPLEX; CAUSAL AGENT; FLOWER MALFORMATION; MANGIFERAE; RECOGNITION; PCR; SUBGLUTINANS; GRAMINEARUM; CYTOKININS; DIVERSITY AB The primary objective of this study was to characterize Fusarium spp. associated with the economically devastating mango malformation disease (MMD) in Mexico. In all. 142 Fusarium strains were isolated from symptomatic mango inflorescences and vegetative tissues in eight geographically diverse Mexican states from 2002 through 2007. Initially, all the Mexican isolates were screened for genetic diversity using appolymerase chain reaction and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and were grouped into seven distinct genotypes. Based on results of these analyses, evolutionary relationships and species limits of the genetically diverse MMD-associated Fusarium spp. were investigated using multilocus DNA sequence data and phylogenetic species recognition. Maximum parsimony analyses of a five-locus data set comprising 5.8 kb of aligned DNA sequence data indicated that at least nine phylogenetically distinct Fusarium spp. within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex are associated with MMD, including one species within the African chide (Fusarium pseudocircinatum), two species within the Asian elude (F. mangiferae and F proliferatum), and at least six species within the American clade (F. sterilihyphosum and five undescribed Fusarium spp.). Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that a novel genealogically exclusive lineage within the American chide was the predominant MMD associate in Mexico. This new Fusarium sp. caused MMD and could be distinguished from all other known species morphologically by the production of mostly sterile, coiled hyphae which are typically associated with sporodochial conidiophores together with un-branched or sparsely branched aerial conidiophores. Koch's postulates were completed for isolates of the new species on nucellar seedlings of mango CV. Ataulfo. This pathogen is formally described herein as E mexicanum. C1 [Maymon, Marcel; Freeman, Stanley] Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Weed Res, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. [Otero-Colina, Gabriel] Colegio Postgrad, Montecillo 56230, Edo Mex, Mexico. [Rodriguez-Alvarado, Gerardo; Fernandez-Pavia, Sylvia] Univ Michoacana, IIAF, Lab Patol Vegetal, Michoacan 58880, Mexico. [Ploetz, Randy C.] Univ Florida, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Dept Plant Pathol, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. [Aoki, Takayuki] Natl Inst Agrobiol Sci, NIAS Genebank MAFF, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058602, Japan. [O'Donnell, Kerry] USDA ARS, Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens & Mycol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Freeman, S (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Weed Res, POB 6, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. EM freeman@volcani.agri.gov.il RI Al Adawi, Ali/H-4593-2011 NR 40 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 100 IS 11 BP 1176 EP 1184 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-10-0029 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 670AD UT WOS:000283390700006 PM 20932166 ER PT J AU Turechek, WW Kousik, CS Adkins, S AF Turechek, William W. Kousik, Chandrasekar S. Adkins, Scott TI Distribution of Four Viruses in Single and Mixed Infections Within Infected Watermelon Plants in Florida SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; Jaccard index ID STUNTING-DISORDER-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VEIN YELLOWING VIRUS; LEAF-CRUMPLE-VIRUS; DEGENERATE PRIMERS; SQUASH; CUCURBITS; TRANSMISSION; ASSOCIATION; CROPS AB Whitefly-transmitted Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) and Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) and aphid-transmitted Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W) have had serious impact on watermelon production in southwest and west-central Florida in the past 5 years. Tissue-blot nucleic acid hybridization assays were developed for simple, high-throughput detection of these three viruses as well as Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV). which was first reported in Florida in 2008. To determine virus distribution within plants, we collected 80 entire plants just before or during the harvest period in a systematic sample, 20 each on 11 April, 18 April, 26 April, and 3 May 2007, from a fruiting commercial watermelon field near Immokalee. FL showing symptoms of infection by SqVYV, CuLCrV, and PRSV-W and, possibly, CYSDV. This was followed by a sampling of five plants collected at harvest showing symptoms of virus infection on II October 2007 in a different commercial planting located in Duette, FL. Tissue prints were made from cross sections of watermelon plants from the crowns through the tips at 0.6-m intervals on nylon membranes and nucleic acid hybridization assays were used for virus detection. Results from testing crown tissue showed that SqVYV. CuLCrV, and PRSV-W were present in approximate to 37, 44, and 54%, respectively, of the 80 plants collected over the four sampling dates from the first field. For individual vines diagnosed with SqVYV, the distribution of SqVYV in vine tissue decreased proportionately with distance from the crown. The probability of detecting SqVYV was 70% at the base of the vine compared with 23% at the tip of the vine. In contrast, CuLCrV tended to be more evenly distributed throughout the plant, with approximate to 10% higher probability of detection at the growing tip relative to the crown of the plant. The distribution of PRSV-W resembled that of SqVYV but with approximate to 20% higher probability of detection at the tip of the vine. Similar trends were detected in the smaller sampling: however, CYSDV was also detected in three of the plants. Overall, the results indicated that SqVYV and PRSV-W were distributed differently than CuLCrV in watermelon plants, and this difference has implications on how samples should be collected and may affect vector acquisition and transmission of these viruses. C1 [Turechek, William W.; Adkins, Scott] USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. [Kousik, Chandrasekar S.] USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Turechek, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. EM William.Turechek@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS [6618-22000-026-00D]; USDA CSREES [2008-04890] FX Financial support was provided in part by USDA-ARS CRIS project 6618-22000-026-00D and USDA CSREES SCRI grant 2008-04890. We thank C. Vanderspool and G. Hess for excellent technical assistance; and T. Barfield, J. Barfield, L. Moss, W. Roan, and L. Lucas for their donation of plants and discussions about cucurbit virus management. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 100 IS 11 BP 1194 EP 1203 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-10-0018 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 670AD UT WOS:000283390700008 PM 20649418 ER PT J AU Maruthachalam, K Atallah, ZK Vallad, GE Klosterman, SJ Hayes, RJ Davis, RM Subbarao, KV AF Maruthachalam, K. Atallah, Z. K. Vallad, G. E. Klosterman, S. J. Hayes, R. J. Davis, R. M. Subbarao, K. V. TI Molecular Variation Among Isolates of Verticillium dahliae and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Differentiation of Races SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION GENETIC-ANALYSIS; ALBO-ATRUM; LETTUCE; WILT; RESISTANCE; CULTIVARS; MANAGEMENT; SEQUENCE; ONTARIO; SNAP AB Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt in a variety of economically important crops worldwide. There are two races of V dahliae that infect tomato and lettuce. Although race-1-specific resistance has been identified in both tomato and lettuce, no resistant sources are available for race 2. Molecular analyses were employed to characterize the genetic variability and race structure of 101 isolates of V dahliae from a variety of hosts, mainly from central and coastal California, and 10 isolates exotic to this area. Analyses of the 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers illustrated that tomato subpopulations from central California were distinct relative to the marigold subpopulations. In contrast, cotton and olive isolates showed admixture with tomato isolates. Analyses of both the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer regions and SSR markers revealed high genetic variability among isolates but were unable to delineate races of V dahliae. However, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was applied to amplify a race-1-specific amplicon from the isolates in many hosts from different geographic areas, and was coupled with virulence assays for validation of the data. Results of the PCR assay showed 100% concordance with the virulence assay to differentiate race 1 from race 2 of 48 isolates from tomato. The results indicate that the PCR assay can be applied to differentiate the two races to support our related aim of breeding host resistance, and further reveal insights into the distribution of races in tomato and lettuce cropping systems in California. C1 [Maruthachalam, K.; Atallah, Z. K.; Subbarao, K. V.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. [Vallad, G. E.] Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA. [Klosterman, S. J.; Hayes, R. J.] USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA USA. [Davis, R. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Subbarao, KV (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM kvsubbarao@ucdavis.edu OI Subbarao, Krishna/0000-0002-2075-1835 FU California Leafy Greens Research Program; California Tomato Research Institute; Microsoft Corporation FX This research was supported, in part, by funding from the California Leafy Greens Research Program, the California Tomato Research Institute, and several seed companies. The population structure analysis was performed using the resources of the Computational Biology Service Unit of Cornell University, which is funded in part by the Microsoft Corporation. We thank M. Orozco, F. Hernandez, and R. Marchebout for their assistance throughout this project; and P. Pradhanang, D. Munier, K. F. Dobinson, and T. Usami for contributing various V dahliae isolates analyzed in this study. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 100 IS 11 BP 1222 EP 1230 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-04-10-0122 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 670AD UT WOS:000283390700011 PM 20698756 ER PT J AU Martin, FN AF Martin, Frank N. TI Mitochondrial Haplotype Analysis as a Tool for Differentiating Isolates of Verticillium dahliae SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS RFLPS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TESTER STRAINS; V-DAHLIAE; RAPD-PCR; PATHOGENICITY; SEQUENCES; VIRULENCE AB The ability to monitor mitochondrial background in Verticillium dahliae may provide an additional tool for population studies and monitoring clonal populations. Published mitochondrial genome sequences of V dahliae (DQ351941) were used to design primers for amplification of spacer regions for assessment of mitochondrial haplotype differences among isolates. Five regions were examined (5,229 bp, or 19% of the total genome size) for 30 isolates representing a range in vegetative compatibility group (VCG), host, and geographic origin. Observed differences among isolates were due to single nucleotide polymorphisms, different numbers of bases in specific homopolymeric regions, and copies of subrepeated sequences. When the differences observed for each locus were totaled there were 28 total groupings; when the results of each locus for individual isolates were combined there were 15 mitochondrial haplotypes. Some of the observed groupings correlated with VCG. For example, five VCG-1A and VCG-IB isolates from California, Spain, and Greece had identical haplotypes; however, this was not observed for VCG-2 or VCG-4 isolates. While some VCG-2 isolates also were identical and fell into a single haplotype, five haplotypes were found for this group (five other haplotypes were observed for other isolates that had not been characterized to VCG but grouped with VCG-2 isolates in the phylogenetic analysis). Likewise, five VCG-4 isolates fell into four mitochondrial haplotypes, one of which was identical to the largest VCG-2 grouping. A heterokaryon self-incompatible isolate that was reported in the literature to cluster with VCG-2 isolates by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis was identical with VCG-1 isolates for four of the five loci, but was intermediate between VCG-1 and VCG-2 in the haplotype analysis. Phylogenetic analysis with these regions revealed the mitochondrial background of VCG-1 and VCG2-B to be monophyletic but VCG-2A and VCG-4 could not be separated. The results obtained indicate that there is variation in mitochondrial haplotypes and this type of analysis may be a useful for characterization of isolates. While data from all five regions was used for the haplotype separation in this study, depending on the VCG or the level of variability observed within a population it is possible to use fewer loci. C1 USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM frank.martin@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 100 IS 11 BP 1231 EP 1239 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-12-09-0352 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 670AD UT WOS:000283390700012 PM 20932168 ER PT J AU Moyer, MM Gadoury, DM Cadle-Davidson, L Dry, IB Magarey, PA Wilcox, WF Seem, RC AF Moyer, Michelle M. Gadoury, David M. Cadle-Davidson, Lance Dry, Ian B. Magarey, Peter A. Wilcox, Wayne F. Seem, Robert C. TI Effects of Acute Low-Temperature Events on Development of Erysiphe necator and Susceptibility of Vitis vinifera SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE induced resistance ID GRAPEVINE POWDERY MILDEW; UNCINULA-NECATOR; ONTOGENIC RESISTANCE; FLUORESCEIN DIACETATE; PATHOGEN RESISTANCE; COLD-ACCLIMATION; ADVISORY SYSTEM; PLANT-DISEASE; BERRIES; STRESS AB Growth and development of Erysiphe necator (syn. Uncinula necator) has been extensively studied under controlled conditions, primarily with a focus on development of grapevine powdery mildew within the optimal temperature range and the lethal effects of high temperatures. However, little is known of the effect of cold temperatures (above freezing but <8 degrees C) on pathogen development or host resistance. Pretreatment of susceptible Vitis vinifera leaf tissue by exposure to cold temperatures (2 to <= 8 degrees C for 2 to 8 h) reduced infection efficiency and colony expansion when tissues were subsequently inoculated. Furthermore, nascent colonies exposed to similar cold events exhibited hyphal mortality, reduced expansion, and increased latent periods. Historical weather data and an analysis of the radiational cooling of leaf tissues in the field indicated that early-season cold events capable of inducing the foregoing responses occur commonly and frequently across many if not most viticultural regions worldwide. These phenomena may partially explain (i) the unexpectedly slow development of powdery mildew during the first month after budbreak in some regions and (ii) the sudden increase in epidemic development once seasonal temperatures increase above the threshold for acute cold events. C1 [Moyer, Michelle M.; Gadoury, David M.; Cadle-Davidson, Lance; Dry, Ian B.; Wilcox, Wayne F.; Seem, Robert C.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Cadle-Davidson, Lance] USDA ARS, Grape Genet Res Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. [Dry, Ian B.] CSIRO Plant Ind, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Magarey, Peter A.] Magarey Plant Pathol, Loxton, SA 5333, Australia. RP Moyer, MM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, New York State Agr Expt Stn, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM mmm78@cornell.edu RI Moyer, Michelle/K-7667-2012; Dry, Ian/A-5004-2008 FU United States Department of Agriculture Viticulture Consortium-East; Pennsylvania Wine Marketing Board; New York Wine and Grape Foundation; American Society for Enology and Viticulture National and Eastern Sections; American Wine Society FX This research was supported by the United States Department of Agriculture Viticulture Consortium-East, The Pennsylvania Wine Marketing Board, the New York Wine and Grape Foundation, the American Society for Enology and Viticulture National and Eastern Sections, and the American Wine Society. The South Australian Research and Development Institute and the Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization hosted M. M. Moyer as a visiting scholar twice in 2007 and 2008. The research described herein represents a portion of a dissertation submitted by M. M. Moyer to the Graduate School of Cornell University in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. in Plant Pathology. We thank J. Runner, A. Norris, and M. J. Welser for their excellent technical assistance; and M. Maixner (Biologische Bundesanstalt), K. Evans (University of Tasmania), T. B. Sutton (North Carolina State University), and W. D. Gubler (University of California-Davis) for their assistance in providing weather data. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 100 IS 11 BP 1240 EP 1249 DI 10.1094/PHYTO-01-10-0012 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 670AD UT WOS:000283390700013 PM 20649419 ER PT J AU Schultz, CJ Kochian, LV Harrison, MJ AF Schultz, Carolyn J. Kochian, Leon V. Harrison, Maria J. TI Genetic variation for root architecture, nutrient uptake and mycorrhizal colonisation in Medicago truncatula accessions SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Root architecture; Micronutrient; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Legume; Low-input cropping; Zinc ID ZEA-MAYS L; SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE; ZINC EFFICIENCY; ZN EFFICIENCY; PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY; GLOMUS-INTRARADICES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; CORE COLLECTION; WATER RELATIONS; QTL ANALYSIS AB Sustainable agriculture strives for healthy, high yielding plants with minimal agronomic inputs. Genetic solutions to increase nutrient uptake are desirable because they provide ongoing improvements. To achieve this it is necessary to identify genes involved in uptake and translocation of nutrients. We selected Medicago truncatula L. as a model because of its: i) close genetic relationship to food legumes, ii) use as a pasture legume in southern Australia and iii) availability of mapping populations generated from genetically diverse accessions. We discovered statistically significant differences between eight accessions for: root architecture in growth pouches, % root colonisation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices, and plant tissue concentration of most macro- and micronutrients. Mycorrhizal colonisation had a significant effect on P concentration in roots but not shoots, Mg concentration in both roots and shoots, and the concentration of various micronutrients in shoots including Fe, Ca, but not Zn. Comparison of micronutrient uptake between root and shoot tissues showed that some M. truncatula accessions were more efficient at mobilisation of nutrients from roots to shoots. We are now in a position to use existing mapping populations of M. truncatula to identify quantitative trait loci important for human health and sustainable agriculture. C1 [Schultz, Carolyn J.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. [Kochian, Leon V.] Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Harrison, Maria J.] Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Schultz, CJ (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Agr Food & Wine, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. EM carolyn.schultz@adelaide.edu.au OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X FU AW Howard Memorial Trust Inc.; U.S. National Science Foundation [DBI-0421676] FX We gratefully thank Simon Ellwood and Richard Oliver for providing information on the availability of M. truncatula mapping populations. Accessions DZA045 and F83005 were kindly provided by David Bird. Expert technical assistance was provided by Eric Craft (nutrient analysis) and Jean-Patrick Toussaint (AM colonisation). Kathy Crowley provided access to and assistance with WinRHIZO. We thank Evelina Facelli for statistical advice and gratefully acknowledge Sally Smith, Andrew Smith and James Stangoulis for valuable discussions and critical comments on the manuscript. Financial assistance was provided by the AW Howard Memorial Trust Inc. for a travel grant (to CJS) and the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-0421676 to M.J.H). NR 82 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X EI 1573-5036 J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2010 VL 336 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0453-8 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 669RJ UT WOS:000283367600012 ER PT J AU Bellaloui, N Reddy, KN Gillen, AM Abel, CA AF Bellaloui, Nacer Reddy, Krishna N. Gillen, Anne M. Abel, Craig A. TI Nitrogen metabolism and seed composition as influenced by foliar boron application in soybean SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Boron; Nitrate reductase; Nitrogenase; Nitrogen assimilation; Nitrogen fixation; Seed composition ID FIELD-GROWN SOYBEANS; AZOMETHINE-H METHOD; NITRATE REDUCTASE; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CELL-WALLS; PLANTS; FIXATION; YIELD; QUALITY; N-15 AB The physiological effects of foliar boron application (FB) on nitrogen metabolism and seed composition have not been well established in soybean [(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)]. Therefore, the effect of FB on nitrogen metabolism and seed composition was investigated. Nitrate assimilation was evaluated by measuring nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and nitrogen fixation was evaluated by measuring nitrogenase activity and natural abundance of (15)N/(14)N. NRA were significantly (P a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 0.05) higher in plants that received FB than the control plants. Higher rate of FB (One application of four times of commercial rate) inhibited nitrogen fixation as measured by natural abundance of (15)N/(14)N ratio, but increased NRA. The higher activities of NR and nitrogenase by FB were accompanied with a higher B concentration in leaves. The significant (P < 0.0001) enrichment of (15)N/(14)N, accompanied with a higher rate of FB, suggested a possible mechanism where nitrate assimilation may compensate for the decrease in nitrogen fixation. FB increased seed protein by 13.7% and oleic acid by 30.9% compared to the control plants. This alteration was accompanied by a higher B concentration in leaves and seed. The results suggest that FB affects nitrogen metabolism and alters seed compositions, especially protein and unsaturated fatty acids. C1 [Bellaloui, Nacer; Gillen, Anne M.] USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Reddy, Krishna N.] USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Abel, Craig A.] USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bellaloui, N (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345,141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM nacer.bellaloui@ars.usda.gov NR 50 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2010 VL 336 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0455-6 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 669RJ UT WOS:000283367600014 ER PT J AU Zobiole, LHS Kremer, RJ de Oliveira, RS Constantin, J AF Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique Kremer, Robert John de Oliveira, Rubem Silverio, Jr. Constantin, Jamil TI Glyphosate affects photosynthesis in first and second generation of glyphosate-resistant soybeans SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Glyphosate resistant soybean (Glycine max L.); Glyphosate; Photosynthesis; Biomass ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; NITROGEN-CONTENT; GAS-EXCHANGE; AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; QUANTUM YIELD; PLANT-GROWTH; LEAVES; PHOTOINHIBITION; ULTRASTRUCTURE; ACCUMULATION AB The crop area planted to conventional soybeans has decreased annually while that planted to glyphosate-resistant (RR) soybean has drastically increased mainly due to the wide adoption of glyphosate in current weed management systems. With the extensive use of glyphosate, many farmers have noted visual plant injury in RR soybean varieties after glyphosate application. A new generation designated as "second generation-RR2" has been recently developed and these RR2 cultivars already are commercially available for farmers and promoted as higher yielding relative to the previous RR cultivars. However, little information is currently available about the performance of RR2 soybean beyond commercial and farmer testimonial data. Thus, an evaluation of different glyphosate rates applied in different growth stages of the first and second generation of RR soybeans, revealed a significant decrease in photosynthesis. In general, increased glyphosate rate and late applications (V6) pronounced decrease photosynthetic parameters and consequently decreased in leaf area and shoot biomass production. In contrast, low rate and early applications were less damage for the RR soybean plants, suggesting that with early applications (V2), plants probably have more time to recover from glyphosate or its metabolites effects regarding late applications. C1 [Saes Zobiole, Luiz Henrique; Kremer, Robert John; Constantin, Jamil] State Univ Maringa UEM, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. [Kremer, Robert John] Univ Missouri, USDA, ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Zobiole, LHS (reprint author), State Univ Maringa UEM, Ctr Adv Studies Weed Res NAPD, 5790 Colombo Av, BR-87020900 Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM lhzobiole@uol.com.br RI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/H-1680-2012 OI Oliveira Jr, Rubem/0000-0002-5222-8010 FU Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq-Brasilia, DF, Brazil) FX We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technology Development (CNPq-Brasilia, DF, Brazil) for the scholarship and financial support for this research. The authors also thank Dr. Bruce Hibbard, USDA, Agricultural Research Service for use of greenhouse facilities and Carey Page, University of Missouri for assistance with herbicide applications. Trade names are used for clarity and do not represent endorsement by USDA-ARS, the State University of Maringa, or the University of Missouri. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD NOV PY 2010 VL 336 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s11104-010-0474-3 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 669RJ UT WOS:000283367600023 ER PT J AU Shigaki, T Mei, H Marshall, J Li, X Manohar, M Hirschi, KD AF Shigaki, T. Mei, H. Marshall, J. Li, X. Manohar, M. Hirschi, K. D. TI The expression of the open reading frame of Arabidopsis CAX1, but not its cDNA, confers metal tolerance in yeast SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CAX1; heterologous expression; metal tolerance; untranslated region; yeast ID CA2+/H+ ANTIPORTER CAX1; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL; UNTRANSLATED REGION; HOMEOSTASIS; ACCUMULATION; DIVERSITY; THALIANA; NUTRIENT; MUTANTS AB The biochemical properties and regulation of several plant CAX (CAtion eXchanger)-type vacuolar Ca2+/H+ exchangers have been extensively analysed in yeast expression assays. In the present study, we compare and contrast the phenotypes of yeast cells expressing the CAX1 cDNA and open reading frame (ORF). We report that the CAX1 ORF, but not the cDNA containing the 3'-untranslated region (UTR), was able to confer Ca2+ tolerance when expressed in a Ca2+-sensitive yeast mutant. Additionally, only yeasts expressing the N-terminal truncated CAX1 ORF were able to grow on high Mn2+ media, suggesting that removal of the 3'-UTR altered activity. However, removal of the 3'-UTR from another CAX did not alter the yeast phenotypes. Expression studies demonstrated that expressing the CAX1 ORF in yeast elevates CAX1 RNA and protein levels. Our results suggest that the 3'-UTR modulates expression of CAX1 in yeast. C1 [Shigaki, T.; Mei, H.; Li, X.; Manohar, M.; Hirschi, K. D.] ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX USA. [Mei, H.; Manohar, M.; Hirschi, K. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Marshall, J.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX USA. [Li, X.] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Life Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM toshiro.shigaki@nari.org.pg FU United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service [58-6250-6001]; National Science Foundation [90344350]; USDA-CSREES [2005-34402-17121] FX This work was supported by funding from the United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement 58-6250-6001, National Science Foundation Grant #90344350 and USDA-CSREES #2005-34402-17121, Designing Foods for Health. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 935 EP 939 DI 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00368.x PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 662OM UT WOS:000282817700012 PM 21061745 ER PT J AU Pethybridge, SJ Hay, FS Gent, DH AF Pethybridge, Sarah J. Hay, Frank S. Gent, David H. TI Characterization of the Spatiotemporal Attributes of Sclerotinia Flower Blight Epidemics in a Perennial Pyrethrum Pathosystem SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID CARPOGENIC GERMINATION; DISEASE INCIDENCE; SOIL-MOISTURE; STEM ROT; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; FIELDS; TESTS AB Sclerotinia flower blight, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields. The spatiotemporal characteristics of epidemics were characterized in five fields over 3 years. Log likelihood tests indicated that the beta-binomial distribution fit better than the binomial distribution for 92% of the data sets. The index of dispersion, D, was significantly greater than 1 in 97% of the data sets. The estimated parameters of the slope and intercept terms of the binary power law were 1.631 (standard error [SE] = 0.059) and 0.678 (SE = 0.099), indicating a high degree of aggregation at the individual sampling unit scale. In 69% of the data sets, the magnitude of the first-order autocorrelation coefficient (r) over cap (1), was significantly greater than 0. In 11 of the 12 epidemics, the monomolecular model provided the best fit, indicative of monocyclic processes. A significant spatial association between apothecia and incidence of Sclerotinia flower blight within the lag of one sampling unit was also quantified. This study suggests that S. sclerotiorum apothecia emergence was closely synchronized with flower development, and epidemics were dominated by localized sources of ascosporic inoculums. This research provides the basis for improved management strategies for Sclerotinia flower blight in pyrethrum. C1 [Pethybridge, Sarah J.] Bot Resources Australia Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Ulverstone, Tas 7315, Australia. [Hay, Frank S.] Univ Tasmania, TIAR, Burnie, Tas 7320, Australia. [Gent, David H.] Oregon State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage Seed & Cereal Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pethybridge, SJ (reprint author), Bot Resources Australia Agr Serv Pty Ltd, Ulverstone, Tas 7315, Australia. EM spethybridge@pyrethrum.com.au FU Botanical Resources Australia-Agricultural Services Pty, Ltd. (BRA); OECD, France; Horticulture Australia, Ltd. [OT05002, PY09002]; United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS [5358-21000-035-00] FX We thank the financial supporters of our research and extension programs, including Botanical Resources Australia-Agricultural Services Pty, Ltd. (BRA), the OECD-Cooperative Research Program, France, Horticulture Australia, Ltd. (programs OT05002 and PY09002), and the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS 5358-21000-035-00; R. Arvier, M. Raspin (BRA), and T. O'Malley (Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania) for their excellent technical assistance; and J. Scott and J. Woods for their helpful review of an earlier draft of this article. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1305 EP 1313 DI 10.1094/PDIS-04-10-0311 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 668LT UT WOS:000283272100005 ER PT J AU Sugiyama, A Vivanco, JM Jayanty, SS Manter, DK AF Sugiyama, Akifumi Vivanco, Jorge M. Jayanty, Sastry S. Manter, Daniel K. TI Pyrosequencing Assessment of Soil Microbial Communities in Organic and Conventional Potato Farms SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL INTERGENIC SPACER; FUNGAL ABUNDANCE; RARE BIOSPHERE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIAL; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT AB Organic farming is frequently touted as being beneficial to soil health by increasing microbial community diversity; however; contradictory results exist in the literature. In this study, we compared several organic and conventional potato farms in Colorado for differences in soil nutrients and microbial communities using 454 pyrosequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Organic farms showed a slightly higher diversity and evenness within the microbial community compared with conventional farms. No difference in the number of observed or estimated total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was observed between management strategies. However, the relative abundance of 16 OTUs (3% genetic distance) differed between the organic and conventional farms, with seven increasing and nine decreasing in organic farms. A variety of known potato fungal pathogens (e.g., Alternaria spp., Ulocladium spp., and Pythium ultimum) were detected in the soil, including three different OTUs (3% genetic distance) with a high homology to the early blight pathogen Alternaria solani. Relative abundance for Alternaria spp. was higher in conventional farms (relative abundance 30.15 versus 7.8%), whereas the relative abundance for P ultimum was higher in organic farms (relative abundance 0.25 versus 0.05%). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, using primers specific for A. solani, Phoma foveata, and Pythium ultimum, yielded similar results to the pyrosequencing, validating the use of pyrosequencing data for the quantification of OTU relative abundances. C1 [Manter, Daniel K.] USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Sugiyama, Akifumi; Vivanco, Jorge M.] Colorado State Univ, Ctr Rhizosphere Biol, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jayanty, Sastry S.] Colorado State Univ, San Luis Valley Res Ctr, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ctr 81125, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Manter, DK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM daniel.manter@ars.usda.gov FU JSPS; National Science Foundation [MCB-0950857] FX A. Sugiyama was supported by a JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad and research in J. M. Vivanco's laboratory was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (MCB-0950857). NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1329 EP 1335 DI 10.1094/PDIS-02-10-0090 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 668LT UT WOS:000283272100008 ER PT J AU Bull, CT Mauzey, SJ Koike, ST AF Bull, C. T. Mauzey, S. J. Koike, S. T. TI First Report of Bacterial Blight of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) Caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis in California. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Bull, C. T.] USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA USA. [Mauzey, S. J.] Hartnell Community Coll, Salinas, CA USA. [Koike, S. T.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Salinas, CA USA. RP Bull, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1375 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0538 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 668LT UT WOS:000283272100025 ER PT J AU Ling, KS Sfetcu, D AF Ling, K. -S. Sfetcu, D. TI First Report of Natural Infection of Greenhouse Tomatoes by Potato spindle tuber viroid in the United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Ling, K. -S.] ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Houweling Nurseries Oxnard Inc, Camarillo, CA 92012 USA. RP Ling, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 94 IS 11 BP 1376 EP 1376 DI 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0516 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 668LT UT WOS:000283272100027 ER PT J AU Martinez, OJA AF Martinez, Oscar J. Abelleira TI Invasion by native tree species prevents biotic homogenization in novel forests of Puerto Rico SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spathodea campanulata; Introduced invasive species; Tropical secondary forests; Land cover change; Agricultural landscape ID SECONDARY FORESTS; TROPICAL FOREST; REGENERATION; LANDSCAPE; DIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; HAWAII AB There is concern that secondary forests dominated by introduced species, known as novel forests, increase taxonomical similarity between localities and lead to biotic homogenization in human-dominated landscapes. In Puerto Rico, agricultural abandonment has given way to novel forests dominated by the introduced African tulip tree Spathodea campanulata Beauv. (Bignoniaceae). In this study, I characterized the tree species composition of S. campanulata forests in Puerto Rico as means to evaluate if biotic homogenization is occurring. Non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to examine what variables were related to the large (a parts per thousand yen10 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]), small (a parts per thousand yen2.5 to < 10 cm DBH), and juvenile (< 2.5 cm DBH) tree species composition of 20 sites. Species composition was strongly related to substrate properties, less related to land use history, and unrelated to spatial attributes. The introduced species component was low (mean = 17%, S.E. = 1.8) and compositional differences were mostly due to native tree species of secondary to old growth forests on equivalent substrates. Animals appear to disperse most species (86%) into these forests yet because of this some introduced species will persist. Although uncommon species were largely absent, recent species establishment is shaped by substrate properties making biotic homogenization in these forests unlikely. The S. campanulata forests of Puerto Rico facilitate native tree species establishment in lands where poor management practices extirpated the original forest. These results highlight the importance of remnant old growth forests or trees that act as seed dispersal sources and facilitate native species recovery in novel forests. C1 [Martinez, Oscar J. Abelleira] US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. [Martinez, Oscar J. Abelleira] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. RP Martinez, OJA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Rio Piedras, PR 00926 USA. EM oabelleira@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 211 IS 1 BP 49 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s11258-010-9771-4 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 661AV UT WOS:000282695700006 ER PT J AU Averill, KM DiTommaso, A Mohler, CL Milbrath, LR AF Averill, Kristine M. DiTommaso, Antonio Mohler, Charles L. Milbrath, Lindsey R. TI Establishment of the invasive perennial Vincetoxicum rossicum across a disturbance gradient in New York State, USA SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biotic resistance; Dog-strangling vine; Environmental gradient; Invasibility; Pale swallow-wort; Weed ecology ID BUTTERFLIES DANAUS-PLEXIPPUS; EXOTIC PLANT INVASIONS; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; BIOTIC RESISTANCE; INVASIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; DIVERSITY; SPREAD; ENVIRONMENTS; OVIPOSITION AB Vincetoxicum rossicum (pale swallow-wort) is a non-native, perennial, herbaceous vine in the Apocynaceae. The species' abundance is steadily increasing in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Little is known about Vincetoxicum species recruitment and growth. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment in New York State to address this knowledge gap. We determined the establishment, survival, and growth of V. rossicum during the first 2 years after sowing in two old fields subjected to four disturbance regimens. We hypothesized that establishment and survival would be higher in treatments with greater disturbance. At the better-drained location, overall establishment was 15 +/- A 1% [mean +/- A standard error] and did not differ among treatments. At the poorly drained location, establishment varied by treatment; mowed and control plots had greater establishment [10 +/- A 2%] than herbicide + tillage and herbicide-only plots [1.6 +/- A 0.5%]. Of those seedlings that emerged, overall survival was high at both locations (70-84%). Similarly, total (above + belowground) biomass was greater in herbicide + tillage and herbicide-only plots than in mowed and control plots at both locations. Thus, V. rossicum was successful in establishing and surviving across a range of disturbance regimens particularly relative to other old field species, but growth was greater in more disturbed treatments. The relatively high-establishment rates in old field habitats help explain the invasiveness of this Vincetoxicum species in the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. C1 [Averill, Kristine M.; DiTommaso, Antonio; Mohler, Charles L.] Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Milbrath, Lindsey R.] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP DiTommaso, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ad97@cornell.edu RI Averill, Kristine/F-2289-2011 FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service [1907-22620-003-01S] FX We are thankful to Scott Morris, Jeromy Biazzo, Andrew Lewis, Kathy Howard, and Cornell Farm Services for assistance with field operations. We also appreciate data collection support from Melanie Ho, John Means, and Karen Wozniak. Thanks go to Francoise Vermeylen for providing statistical guidance. We are grateful to the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service project number 1907-22620-003-01S. This article reports the results of research only; mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 211 IS 1 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s11258-010-9773-2 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 661AV UT WOS:000282695700007 ER PT J AU Costich, DE Friebe, B Sheehan, MJ Casler, MD Buckler, ES AF Costich, Denise E. Friebe, Bernd Sheehan, Moira J. Casler, Michael D. Buckler, Edward S. TI Genome-size Variation in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum): Flow Cytometry and Cytology Reveal Rampant Aneuploidy SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a native perennial dominant of the prairies of North America, has been targeted as a model herbaceous species for biofeedstock development. A flow-cytometric survey of a core set of 11 primarily upland polyploid switchgrass accessions indicated that there was considerable variation in genome size within each accession, particularly at the octoploid (2n = 8X = 72 chromosome) ploidy level. Highly variable chromosome counts in mitotic cell preparations indicated that aneuploidy was more common in octoploids (86.3%) than tetraploids (23.2%). Furthermore, the incidence of hyper-versus hypoaneuploidy is equivalent in tetraploids. This is clearly not the case in octoploids, where close to 90% of the aneuploid counts are lower than the euploid number. Cytogenetic investigation using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed an unexpected degree of variation in chromosome structure underlying the apparent genomic instability of this species. These results indicate that rapid advances in the breeding of polyploid biofuel feedstocks, based on the molecular-genetic dissection of biomass characteristics and yield, will be predicated on the continual improvement of our understanding of the cytogenetics of these species. C1 [Costich, Denise E.; Buckler, Edward S.] USDA ARS, Robert Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Costich, Denise E.; Sheehan, Moira J.; Buckler, Edward S.] Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY USA. [Friebe, Bernd] Kansas State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Costich, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Robert Holley Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM dc58@cornell.edu FU United States Department of Energy-Department of Agriculture Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program grant [DE-A102-07ER64454] FX Flow cytometry support was provided by R. G. Getchell, Jim Smith and Lavanya Gowri Sayam. Z. Zhang and F. Vermeylen gave statistical advice. C. Thomas and K. Goodwin provided greenhouse support. M. A. Gore provided comments on the manuscript. We thank them for their contributions to this research. This research was funded by a United States Department of Energy-Department of Agriculture Plant Feedstock Genomics for Bioenergy Program grant (DE-A102-07ER64454). NR 74 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 18 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 130 EP 141 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2010.04.0010 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WS UT WOS:000208576300002 ER PT J AU Kump, KL Holland, JB Jung, MT Wolters, P Balint-Kurti, PJ AF Kump, Kristen L. Holland, James B. Jung, Mark T. Wolters, Petra Balint-Kurti, Peter J. TI Joint Analysis of Near-Isogenic and Recombinant Inbred Line Populations Yields Precise Positional Estimates for Quantitative Trait Loci SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN LEAF-BLIGHT; DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; HOST-SELECTIVE TOXINS; HETEROSTROPHUS RACE-O; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; STAGONOSPORA-NODORUM; FLOWERING-TIME; COMPLEX TRAITS; MAIZE; WHEAT AB Data generated for initial quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping using recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations are usually ignored during subsequent fine-mapping using near-isogenic lines (NILs). Combining both datasets would increase the number of recombination events sampled and generate better position and effect estimates. Previously, several QTL for resistance to southern leaf blight of maize were mapped in two RIL populations, each independently derived from a cross between the lines B73 and Mo17. In each case the largest QTL was in bin 3.04. Here, two NIL pairs differing for this QTL were derived and used to create two distinct F-2:3 family populations that were assessed for southern leaf blight (SLB) resistance. By accounting for segregation of the other QTL in the original RIL data, we were able to combine these data with the new genotypic and phenotypic data from the F-2:3 families. Joint analysis yielded a narrower QTL support interval compared to that derived from analysis of any one of the data sets alone, resulting in the localization of the QTL to a less than 0.5 cM interval. Candidate genes identified within this interval are discussed. This methodology allows combined QTL analysis in which data from RIL populations is combined with data derived from NIL populations segregating for the same pair of alleles. It improves mapping resolution over the conventional approach with virtually no additional resources. Because data sets of this type are commonly produced, this approach is likely to prove widely applicable. C1 [Holland, James B.; Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Balint-Kurti, Peter J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kump, Kristen L.; Holland, James B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jung, Mark T.; Wolters, Petra] DuPont Crop Genet Res, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Balint-Kurti, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Peter.Balint-Kurti@ars.usda.gov OI Balint-Kurti, Peter/0000-0002-3916-194X FU USDA-ARS; DuPont Crop Genetics; Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. FX The authors thank Magen Eller, David Rhyne, Donna Stephens, Cathy Herring, and the staff of the Central Crops Research Station in Clayton, North Carolina, for their help with various aspects of the research. This work was supported in part by USDA-ARS funds given to JBH and PBK and by a CRADA agreement between USDA-ARS and DuPont Crop Genetics. KLK's graduate study is funded by Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 142 EP 153 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2010.05.0011 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WS UT WOS:000208576300003 ER PT J AU Abeysekara, NS Friesen, TL Liu, ZH McClean, PE Faris, JD AF Abeysekara, Nilwala S. Friesen, Timothy L. Liu, Zhaohui McClean, Phillip E. Faris, Justin D. TI Marker Development and Saturation Mapping of the Tan Spot Ptr ToxB Sensitivity Locus Tsc2 in Hexaploid Wheat SO PLANT GENOME LA English DT Article AB Ptr ToxB is a host-selective toxin produced by the tan spot fungus, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, that induces chlorosis in wheat lines harboring the Tsc2 gene, which was previously mapped to chromosome arm 2BS in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). In this study, molecular mapping in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the Ptr ToxB-sensitive 'Katepwa' and the Ptr ToxB-insensitive landrace Salamouni (Salamouni x Katepwa [SK] population) confirmed the location of Tsc2 on 2BS in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Analysis of an F 2 population derived from the same parents indicated that a single dominant gene governed Ptr ToxB sensitivity. Thirteen microsatellite markers were used to construct a basic linkage map of the Tsc2 region in the SK population, and 14 additional markers developed from bin-mapped expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and from ESTs identified based on colinearity with rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. were mapped to the Tsc2 region. Tsc2 was delineated to a 3.3 cM interval and cosegregated with marker XBE444541. Spore inoculations and composite interval-regression mapping demonstrated that a compatible Tsc2-Ptr ToxB interaction accounted for 54% of the variation in disease expression. Analysis of Ptr ToxB-sensitive and-insensitive genotypes suggested that XBE444541 is diagnostic for Tsc2 and should be useful for marker-assisted selection. C1 [Friesen, Timothy L.; Faris, Justin D.] USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Abeysekara, Nilwala S.; McClean, Phillip E.] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. [Liu, Zhaohui] N Dakota State Univ, Dep Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. RP Faris, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, 1307 18th St N, Fargo, ND 58102 USA. EM justin.faris@ars.usda.gov FU USDA-ARS CRIS [5442-22000-033-00D, 5442-22000-043-00D] FX The authors thank Dr. Chenggen Chu for assistance with statistical analyses. This research was supported by USDA-ARS CRIS projects 5442-22000-033-00D and 5442-22000-043-00D. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1940-3372 J9 PLANT GENOME-US JI Plant Genome PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.3835/plantgenome2010.07.0017 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity SC Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA V26WS UT WOS:000208576300006 ER PT J AU Zhang, JR Martin, JM Beecher, B Lu, CF Hannah, LC Wall, ML Altosaar, I Giroux, MJ AF Zhang, Jinrui Martin, John M. Beecher, Brian Lu, Chaofu Hannah, L. Curtis Wall, Michael L. Altosaar, Illimar Giroux, Michael J. TI The ectopic expression of the wheat Puroindoline genes increase germ size and seed oil content in transgenic corn SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Corn; Puroindoline; Oil content; Germ size; Transformation ID GRAIN HARDNESS; BINDING PROPERTIES; MAIZE KERNEL; FRIABILIN; OLEOSINS; PROTEINS; ARABIDOPSIS; BODIES; STARCH; MARKERS AB Plant oil content and composition improvement is a major goal of plant breeding and biotechnology. The Puroindoline a and b (PINA and PINB) proteins together control whether wheat seeds are soft or hard textured and share a similar structure to that of plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins. Here we transformed corn (Zea mays L.) with the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb) to assess their effects upon seed oil content and quality. Pina and Pinb coding sequences were introduced into corn under the control of a corn Ubiquitin promoter. Three Pina/Pinb expression positive transgenic events were evaluated over two growing seasons. The results showed that Pin expression increased germ size significantly without negatively impacting seed size. Germ yield increased 33.8% while total seed oil content was increased by 25.23%. Seed oil content increases were primarily the result of increased germ size. This work indicates that higher oil content corn hybrids having increased food or feed value could be produced via puroindoline expression. C1 [Zhang, Jinrui; Martin, John M.; Lu, Chaofu; Giroux, Michael J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Beecher, Brian] Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Hannah, L. Curtis] Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wall, Michael L.; Altosaar, Illimar] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biochem Microbiol & Immunol, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada. RP Giroux, MJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, 119 Plant Biosci Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM zhang@montana.edu; jmmartin@montana.edu; bbeecher@wsu.edu; clu@montana.edu; lchannah@ufl.edu; ghiladden@gmail.com; altosaar@uottawa.ca; mgiroux@montana.edu RI ALTOSAAR, ILLIMAR/A-4668-2008 OI ALTOSAAR, ILLIMAR/0000-0001-5018-036X FU Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research; Dow AgroSciences; USDA-ARS [2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135]; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station; National Science Foundation [IBN-0444031, IOS-0815104, EPS 0236913, MCB 0455318, DBI 0521587]; USDA [2006-35100-17220, 2008-35318-18649]; Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation; K-IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) of National Institute of Health [P20RR16475]; Kansas State University FX This work was supported by the Consortium for Plant Biotechnology Research, Dow AgroSciences, USDA-ARS National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Program grants 2004-35301-14538, 2007-35301-18135 and by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Research at the University of Florida was supported by the National Science Foundation, IBN-0444031 and IOS-0815104 and USDA Competitive Grants Program grants 2006-35100-17220 and 2008-35318-18649. The lipid analyses described in this work were performed at the Kansas Lipidomics Research Center. The Kansas Lipidomics Research Center was supported by National Science Foundation (EPS 0236913, MCB 0455318, DBI 0521587), Kansas Technology Enterprise Corporation, K-IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE) of National Institute of Health (P20RR16475), and Kansas State University. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 74 IS 4-5 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s11103-010-9679-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 662RF UT WOS:000282828400004 PM 20725765 ER PT J AU Eveland, AL Satoh-Nagasawa, N Goldshmidt, A Meyer, S Beatty, M Sakai, H Ware, D Jackson, D AF Eveland, Andrea L. Satoh-Nagasawa, Namiko Goldshmidt, Alexander Meyer, Sandra Beatty, Mary Sakai, Hajime Ware, Doreen Jackson, David TI Digital Gene Expression Signatures for Maize Development SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WHOLE-GENOME ANALYSIS; RNA-SEQ; MAMMALIAN TRANSCRIPTOMES; MESSENGER-RNA; ARABIDOPSIS; GENERATION; EVOLUTION; NETWORK; WIDE; CELL AB Genome-wide expression signatures detect specific perturbations in developmental programs and contribute to functional resolution of key regulatory networks. In maize (Zea mays) inflorescences, mutations in the RAMOSA (RA) genes affect the determinacy of axillary meristems and thus alter branching patterns, an important agronomic trait. In this work, we developed and tested a framework for analysis of tag-based, digital gene expression profiles using Illumina's high-throughput sequencing technology and the newly assembled B73 maize reference genome. We also used a mutation in the RA3 gene to identify putative expression signatures specific to stem cell fate in axillary meristem determinacy. The RA3 gene encodes a trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase and may act at the interface between developmental and metabolic processes. Deep sequencing of digital gene expression libraries, representing three biological replicate ear samples from wild-type and ra3 plants, generated 27 million 20- to 21-nucleotide reads with frequencies spanning 4 orders of magnitude. Unique sequence tags were anchored to 3'-ends of individual transcripts by DpnII and NlaIII digests, which were multiplexed during sequencing. We mapped 86% of nonredundant signature tags to the maize genome, which associated with 37,117 gene models and unannotated regions of expression. In total, 66% of genes were detected by at least nine reads in immature maize ears. We used comparative genomics to leverage existing information from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) in functional analyses of differentially expressed maize genes. Results from this study provide a basis for the analysis of short-read expression data in maize and resolved specific expression signatures that will help define mechanisms of action for the RA3 gene. C1 [Eveland, Andrea L.; Goldshmidt, Alexander; Ware, Doreen; Jackson, David] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. [Satoh-Nagasawa, Namiko; Sakai, Hajime] DuPont Agr Biotechnol Expt Stn E353, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Meyer, Sandra; Beatty, Mary] Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. [Ware, Doreen] USDA ARS, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jackson, D (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, POB 100, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. EM jacksond@cshl.edu RI Eveland, Andrea/M-9886-2014 OI Eveland, Andrea/0000-0003-4825-1282 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [NRICGP-2005-02402, 1907-21000-030-00]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0604923]; Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biological Informatics [0805655] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (grant nos. NRICGP-2005-02402 to D.J. and 1907-21000-030-00 to D.W.) and by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0604923 to D.J. and Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biological Informatics award no. 0805655 to A.L.E.). NR 75 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 154 IS 3 BP 1024 EP 1039 DI 10.1104/pp.110.159673 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 674CE UT WOS:000283710300002 PM 20833728 ER PT J AU Brodersen, CR McElrone, AJ Choat, B Matthews, MA Shackel, KA AF Brodersen, Craig R. McElrone, Andrew J. Choat, Brendan Matthews, Mark A. Shackel, Kenneth A. TI The Dynamics of Embolism Repair in Xylem: In Vivo Visualizations Using High-Resolution Computed Tomography SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYOSCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LAURUS-NOBILIS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FRAXINUS-AMERICANA; NEGATIVE-PRESSURE; VESSELS; PLANTS; WATER; CAVITATION; TRANSPIRATION AB Water moves through plants under tension and in a thermodynamically metastable state, leaving the nonliving vessels that transport this water vulnerable to blockage by gas embolisms. Failure to reestablish flow in embolized vessels can lead to systemic loss of hydraulic conductivity and ultimately death. Most plants have developed a mechanism to restore vessel functionality by refilling embolized vessels, but the details of this process in vessel networks under tension have remained unclear for decades. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first in vivo visualization and quantification of the refilling process for any species using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography. Successful vessel refilling in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) was dependent on water influx from surrounding living tissue at a rate of 6 x 10(-4) mu m s(-1), with individual droplets expanding over time, filling vessels, and forcing the dissolution of entrapped gas. Both filling and draining processes could be observed in the same vessel, indicating that successful refilling requires hydraulic isolation from tensions that would otherwise prevent embolism repair. Our study demonstrates that despite the presence of tensions in the bulk xylem, plants are able to restore hydraulic conductivity in the xylem. C1 [Shackel, Kenneth A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Brodersen, Craig R.; McElrone, Andrew J.; Matthews, Mark A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Viticulture & Enol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [McElrone, Andrew J.] USDA ARS, Crops Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Choat, Brendan] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Biol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Shackel, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kashackel@ucdavis.edu RI Choat, Brendan/C-8445-2009; Matthews, Mark/A-5714-2010; Brodersen, Craig/J-1112-2016 OI Brodersen, Craig/0000-0002-0924-2570 FU National Science Foundation [0818479]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System [5306-21220-004-00]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 0818479) and U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Current Research Information System funding (research project no. 5306-21220-004-00). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 47 TC 152 Z9 159 U1 7 U2 88 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 154 IS 3 BP 1088 EP 1095 DI 10.1104/pp.110.162396 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 674CE UT WOS:000283710300007 PM 20841451 ER PT J AU Boursiac, Y Lee, SM Romanowsky, S Blank, R Sladek, C Chung, WS Harper, JF AF Boursiac, Yann Lee, Sang Min Romanowsky, Shawn Blank, Robert Sladek, Chris Chung, Woo Sik Harper, Jeffrey F. TI Disruption of the Vacuolar Calcium-ATPases in Arabidopsis Results in the Activation of a Salicylic Acid-Dependent Programmed Cell Death Pathway SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GATED ION-CHANNEL; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; DEFENSE RESPONSES; INNATE IMMUNITY; ABIOTIC-STRESS; CA2+ SIGNALS; GUARD-CELL; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; DISEASE RESISTANCE AB Calcium (Ca2+) signals regulate many aspects of plant development, including a programmed cell death pathway that protects plants from pathogens (hypersensitive response). Cytosolic Ca2+ signals result from a combined action of Ca2+ influx through channels and Ca2+ efflux through pumps and cotransporters. Plants utilize calmodulin-activated Ca2+ pumps (autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase [ACA]) at the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and vacuole. Here, we show that a double knockout mutation of the vacuolar Ca2+ pumps ACA4 and ACA11 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) results in a high frequency of hypersensitive response-like lesions. The appearance of macrolesions could be suppressed by growing plants with increased levels (greater than 15 mM) of various anions, providing a method for conditional suppression. By removing plants from a conditional suppression, lesion initials were found to originate primarily in leaf mesophyll cells, as detected by aniline blue staining. Initiation and spread of lesions could also be suppressed by disrupting the production or accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), as shown by combining aca4/11 mutations with a sid2 (for salicylic acid induction-deficient2) mutation or expression of the SA degradation enzyme NahG. This indicates that the loss of the vacuolar Ca2+ pumps by itself does not cause a catastrophic defect in ion homeostasis but rather potentiates the activation of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway. Together, these results provide evidence linking the activity of the vacuolar Ca2+ pumps to the control of a SA-dependent programmed cell death pathway in plants. C1 [Boursiac, Yann; Romanowsky, Shawn; Sladek, Chris; Harper, Jeffrey F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Blank, Robert] Univ Nevada, USDA, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Lee, Sang Min; Chung, Woo Sik] Gyeongsang Natl Univ, Plant Mol Biol & Biotechnol Res Ctr, Program BK21, Div Appl Life Sci, Jinju, South Korea. RP Harper, JF (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM jfharper@unr.edu FU National Science Foundation [DBI-0077378, DBI-0420033]; National Institutes of Health [1RO1 GM070813-01, DE-FG03-94ER20152]; National Center for Research Resources (National Institutes of Health) [P20 RR-016464]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R32-10148]; Rural Development Administration [20080401034023] FX This work was supported by grants to J.F.H. from the National Science Foundation (grant no. DBI-0077378 for ionomics and no. DBI-0420033 for phenotype studies) and the National Institutes of Health (grant no. 1RO1 GM070813-01 for genetic analyses and no. DE-FG03-94ER20152 for studies on the vacuolar regulation of programmed cell death). Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics were made possible by the IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence Program of the National Center for Research Resources (National Institutes of Health grant no. P20 RR-016464). W.S.C. was supported by the World Class University Program (grant no. R32-10148) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and by the BioGreen 21 Program (grant no. 20080401034023) funded by the Rural Development Administration. NR 78 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 154 IS 3 BP 1158 EP 1171 DI 10.1104/pp.110.159038 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 674CE UT WOS:000283710300013 PM 20837703 ER PT J AU Chiu, LW Zhou, XJ Burke, S Wu, XL Prior, RL Li, L AF Chiu, Li-Wei Zhou, Xiangjun Burke, Sarah Wu, Xianli Prior, Ronald L. Li, Li TI The Purple Cauliflower Arises from Activation of a MYB Transcription Factor SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BETA-CAROTENE ACCUMULATION; LOOP-HELIX PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; REGULATORY GENES; PHENYLPROPANOID BIOSYNTHESIS; FLAVONOID BIOSYNTHESIS; PETUNIA ENCODES; REPEAT PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES AB Anthocyanins are responsible for the color of many flowers, fruits, and vegetables. An interesting and unique Purple (Pr) gene mutation in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) confers an abnormal pattern of anthocyanin accumulation, giving the striking mutant phenotype of intense purple color in curds and a few other tissues. To unravel the nature of the Pr mutation in cauliflower, we isolated the Pr gene via a combination of candidate gene analysis and fine mapping. Pr encoded a R2R3 MYB transcription factor that exhibited tissue-specific expression, consistent with an abnormal anthocyanin accumulation pattern in the mutant. Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cauliflower plants expressing the Pr-D allele recapitulated the mutant phenotype, confirming the isolation of the Pr gene. Up-regulation of Pr specifically activated a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and a subset of anthocyanin structural genes encoding flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase to confer ectopic accumulation of pigments in the purple cauliflower. Our results indicate that the genetic variation including a Harbinger DNA transposon insertion in the upstream regulatory region of the Pr-D allele is responsible for the up-regulation of the Pr gene in inducing phenotypic change in the plant. The successful isolation of Pr provides important information on the regulatory control of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Brassica vegetables, and offers a genetic resource for development of new varieties with enhanced health-promoting properties and visual appeal. C1 [Chiu, Li-Wei; Zhou, Xiangjun; Burke, Sarah; Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Li, Li] Cornell Univ, Robert W Holley Ctr Agr & Hlth, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Wu, Xianli; Prior, Ronald L.] Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Genet & Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service base fund. NR 53 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 154 IS 3 BP 1470 EP 1480 DI 10.1104/pp.110.164160 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 674CE UT WOS:000283710300038 PM 20855520 ER PT J AU Kumar, GNM Lulai, EC Suttle, JC Knowles, NR AF Kumar, G. N. Mohan Lulai, Edward C. Suttle, Jeffrey C. Knowles, N. Richard TI Age-induced loss of wound-healing ability in potato tubers is partly regulated by ABA SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; Wound healing; Suberization; Abscisic acid; Tuber age; Storage; Phenylalanine ammonia lyase ID PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; INDUCED PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; ABSCISIC-ACID; HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; PAL ACTIVITY; SEED-TUBERS; SUBERIZATION; SUBERIN; TISSUE AB Wounding of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers induces the development of a suberized closing layer and wound periderm that resists desiccation and microbial invasion. Wound-healing ability declines with tuber age (storage period). The mechanism of loss in healing capacity with age is not known; however, upregulation of superoxide production, increased ABA biosynthesis and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in response to wounding are processes critical to the development of a suberized closing layer and wound periderm. Therefore, the role of ABA in modulating the age-induced loss of wound-healing ability of tubers was examined. Non-wounded older tubers had 86% less ABA (dry matter basis) than younger tubers. PAL transcript increased in younger tubers within 24 h of wounding, but transcription was delayed by 5 days in older tubers. Wound-induced PAL activity increased more rapidly in younger than older tubers. ABA treatment increased PAL expression and activity in tissue from both ages of tubers and restored the 24 h transcription time line in older tubers. Moreover, ABA treatment of wounded older tubers enhanced their resistance to water vapor loss following a 6-day wound-healing period. Wound-induced accumulation of suberin poly(phenolic(s)) (SPP) and suberin poly(aliphatic(s)) (SPA) was measurably slower in older versus younger tubers. ABA treatment hastened SPP accumulation in older tubers to match that in younger tubers, but only enhanced SPA accumulations over the initial 4 days of healing. Age-induced loss of wound-healing ability is thus partly due to reduced ability to accumulate ABA and modulate the production of SPP through PAL in response to wounding and to dysfunction in the downstream signaling events that couple SPA biosynthesis and/or deposition to ABA. ABA treatment partly restored the healing ability of older tubers by enhancing the accumulation of SPP without restoring wound-induced superoxide forming ability to the level of younger tubers. The coupling of phenolic monomers into the poly(phenolic) domain of suberin was therefore not limited by the diminished wound-induced superoxide production of older tubers. C1 [Kumar, G. N. Mohan; Knowles, N. Richard] Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Postharvest Physiol & Biochem Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Lulai, Edward C.; Suttle, Jeffrey C.] USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Knowles, NR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Postharvest Physiol & Biochem Lab, POB 646414, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM rknowles@wsu.edu FU USDA/ARS; USDA/CSREES; Washington State Potato Commission; WSU Agricultural Research Center FX The financial support provided by grants from the USDA/ARS, USDA/CSREES, Washington State Potato Commission and WSU Agricultural Research Center to NRK is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr. Lee Hadwiger, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, for providing PAL antiserum. We thank Mr. Jon Neubauer and Ms. Linda Huckle (USDA-ARS, NCSL) for technical assistance in preparing samples and determining SPP and SPA ratings and for LC-MS-SIM determination of ABA content. NR 54 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD NOV PY 2010 VL 232 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1445 DI 10.1007/s00425-010-1269-8 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 668FL UT WOS:000283253900012 PM 20839005 ER PT J AU Baxter, I Brazelton, JN Yu, DN Huang, YS Lahner, B Yakubova, E Li, Y Bergelson, J Borevitz, JO Nordborg, M Vitek, O Salt, DE AF Baxter, Ivan Brazelton, Jessica N. Yu, Danni Huang, Yu S. Lahner, Brett Yakubova, Elena Li, Yan Bergelson, Joy Borevitz, Justin O. Nordborg, Magnus Vitek, Olga Salt, David E. TI A Coastal Cline in Sodium Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Driven by Natural Variation of the Sodium Transporter AtHKT1;1 SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID HELIANTHUS-PARADOXUS ASTERACEAE; WILD SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS; SALT TOLERANCE; SALINITY TOLERANCE; MIMULUS-GUTTATUS; SOUTHERN SWEDEN; MARINE AEROSOLS; LIFE-HISTORY; INLAND; EVOLUTIONARY AB The genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, like many plant species, experiences a range of edaphic conditions across its natural habitat. Such heterogeneity may drive local adaptation, though the molecular genetic basis remains elusive. Here, we describe a study in which we used genome-wide association mapping, genetic complementation, and gene expression studies to identify cis-regulatory expression level polymorphisms at the AtHKT1;1 locus, encoding a known sodium (Na(+)) transporter, as being a major factor controlling natural variation in leaf Na(+) accumulation capacity across the global A. thaliana population. A weak allele of AtHKT1;1 that drives elevated leaf Na(+) in this population has been previously linked to elevated salinity tolerance. Inspection of the geographical distribution of this allele revealed its significant enrichment in populations associated with the coast and saline soils in Europe. The fixation of this weak AtHKT1;1 allele in these populations is genetic evidence supporting local adaptation to these potentially saline impacted environments. C1 [Baxter, Ivan] USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Brazelton, Jessica N.; Lahner, Brett; Yakubova, Elena; Salt, David E.] Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yu, Danni; Vitek, Olga] Purdue Univ, Dept Stat, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Huang, Yu S.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Li, Yan; Bergelson, Joy; Borevitz, Justin O.] Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Nordborg, Magnus] Austrian Acad Sci, Gregor Mendel Inst Mol Plant Biol, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Baxter, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. EM dsalt@purdue.edu RI Huang, Yu/C-2789-2011; Borevitz, Justin/B-5423-2012; Baxter, Ivan/A-1052-2009; OI Baxter, Ivan/0000-0001-6680-1722; Li, Yan/0000-0002-1627-7763 FU US National Institutes of Health [R01 GM078536, 3R01GM078536-03S1]; Purdue University Center for Gene-Environment Interactions FX This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (http://www.nih.gov/) grants R01 GM078536 and 3R01GM078536-03S1 and by Purdue University Center for Gene-Environment Interactions to DES. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 64 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 AR e1001193 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001193 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 684WX UT WOS:000284587100008 PM 21085628 ER PT J AU Tsuchida, H Kozukue, N Han, GP Choi, SH Levin, CE Friedman, M AF Tsuchida, Hironobu Kozukue, Nobuyuki Han, Gyeong-Phil Choi, Suk-Hyun Levin, Carol E. Friedman, Mendel TI Low-temperature storage of cucumbers induces changes in the organic acid content and in citrate synthase activity SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucumbers; Chilling injury; Storage; Pyruvate accumulation; Citrate synthase; Radioactivity ID CHILLING-INJURY; FRUIT; CHLOROPHYLL; SENSITIVITY; LIPIDS; CROPS; SUGAR AB To elucidate the cause of reported pyruvate accumulation in chilled stored cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L) cv. 'Toppugurin', we have examined differences in the extent of incorporation of acetate-1,2-(14)C into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the specific activity of the enzyme citrate synthase between healthy and chilling-injured cucumber tissues stored in the dark for 0, 3, 6 and 12 d at 1 degrees C or 20 degrees C. Radioactive tracing, gas chromatography, and enzyme analysis suggest that the incorporation of acetate into citrate, the distribution of organic acids in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the specific activity of citrate synthase in the cold-storage (chilling-injured) cucumber tissues differed from those in the healthy tissues. The observed decrease in citrate synthase activity may be the cause of the observed increase in pyruvate accumulation in the chilling-injured cucumber fruit tissue compared to tissues stored at 20 degrees C. The results also suggest that the increased formation of pyruvate and reduced activity of citrate synthase during cold storage observed in the present study could serve as indicators (biomarkers) of stress-induced changes in chilled cucumbers. Possible mechanisms of the described effects are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Levin, Carol E.; Friedman, Mendel] ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Tsuchida, Hironobu] Aichi Mizuho Coll, Dept Human Sci, Toyota, Aichi, Japan. [Kozukue, Nobuyuki; Han, Gyeong-Phil] Uiduk Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Gyeongju, Gyongbuk, South Korea. [Choi, Suk-Hyun] Seowon Univ, Dept Food Serv Ind, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM Mendel.Friedman@ars.usda.gov OI Levin, Carol/0000-0001-6522-6156; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 2 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2010.06.006 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 644IQ UT WOS:000281368900008 ER PT J AU Thanissery, R McReynolds, JL Conner, DE Macklin, KS Curtis, PA Fasina, YO AF Thanissery, R. McReynolds, J. L. Conner, D. E. Macklin, K. S. Curtis, P. A. Fasina, Y. O. TI Evaluation of the efficacy of NuPro yeast extract in reducing intestinal Clostridium perfringens levels in broiler chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Clostridium perfringens; NuPro; bacitracin methylene disalicylate; broiler chicken ID BACITRACIN METHYLENE DISALICYLATE; NECROTIC ENTERITIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MANNAN-OLIGOSACCHARIDE; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; MUCOSA DEVELOPMENT; TURKEY POULTS; BETA-GLUCAN; DIETS; ILEAL AB The etiological agent of necrotic enteritis is Clostridium perfringens. Traditionally, necrotic enteritis is controlled with in-feed antibiotics. However, increasing consumer demand for drug-free poultry has fostered the search for nonantibiotic alternatives. Yeast extract contain nucleotides that are immunomodulatory and also essential for cellular functions. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of NuPro yeast extract in reducing intestinal C. perfringens levels in broiler chickens. One hundred ninety-two 1-d-old male broiler chicks were obtained and randomly assigned to 6 treatments in a battery cage trial. Treatment 1 consisted of chicks fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (BD) without added bacitracin methylene disalicylate or NuPro. Treatment 2 consisted of chicks fed BD into which bacitracin methylene disalicylate was added at 0.055 g/kg. Treatment 3 consisted of chicks fed BD supplemented with NuPro at a 2% level for the first 10 d of the experiment. Treatments 4 (PX), 5, and 6 (PN) consisted of chicks that were challenged with 3 mL of the C. perfringens inoculum (similar to 10(7) cfu/mL) on d 14, 15, and 16 of the experiment and fed diets similar to treatments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. On d 1 and 7 postchallenge, intestinal C. perfringens levels, lesion scores, and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed. On d 1 postchallenge, C. perfringens level in treatment 5 (2.09 log(10) cfu/g) was lower (P < 0.05) compared with the PX treatment (4.71 log(10) cfu/g) but similar to the PN treatment (2.98 log(10) cfu/g). A similar trend was observed on d 7 postchallenge. NuPro supplementation enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05) in C. perfringens-challenged chicks and appeared to reduce intestinal lesion scores. Although dietary supplementation of NuPro in the PN treatment reduced C. perfringens levels by 1.73 and 0.68 log(10) cfu/g compared with the PX treatment on d 1 and 7 postchallenge, respectively, these reductions were not significant. Extending the period of NuPro supplementation beyond the first 10 d of life should be considered for achieving significant reduction in intestinal C. perfringensg levels. C1 [Thanissery, R.; Conner, D. E.; Macklin, K. S.; Curtis, P. A.; Fasina, Y. O.] Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [McReynolds, J. L.] ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Fasina, YO (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, 260 Lem Morrison Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fasinyo@auburn.edu NR 58 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 18 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 89 IS 11 BP 2380 EP 2388 DI 10.3382/ps.2010-00879 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 665TA UT WOS:000283057200009 PM 20952700 ER PT J AU Cormier, K AF Cormier, Kelley TI Central Asia's Changing Agricultural Sectors A Comparative Analysis of Transforming Commercial Practices SO PROBLEMS OF POST-COMMUNISM LA English DT Article AB In Kazakhstan, food processors are pursuing vertical integration strategies to deal with chronic supply-chain problems. In Kyrgyzstan, by contrast, fruit and vegetable suppliers and processors have been able to develop commercial practices that support a transformation from managerial transactions to bargaining transactions. C1 Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Cormier, K (reprint author), Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU M E SHARPE INC PI ARMONK PA 80 BUSINESS PARK DR, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 1075-8216 J9 PROBL POST-COMMUNISM JI Probl. Post-Communism PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 57 IS 6 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.2753/PPC1075-8216570604 PG 9 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 707OR UT WOS:000286296400004 ER PT J AU Sheley, R James, J Smith, B Vasquez, E AF Sheley, R. James, J. Smith, B. Vasquez, E. TI Applying Ecologically Based Invasive-Plant Management SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE adaptive management; augmentative restoration; decision tool; invasive plant; management framework; plant succession ID RESOURCE-RATIO THEORY; WEED MANAGEMENT; RANGELAND; RESTORATION; COMPETITION; MECHANISMS; SUCCESSION; NITROGEN; FIELD; COMMUNITIES AB The need for a unified mechanistic ecological framework that improves our ability to make decisions, predicts vegetation change, guides the implementation of restoration, and fosters learning is substantial and unmet. It is becoming increasingly clear that integrating various types of ecological models into an overall framework has great promise for assisting decision making in invasive-plant management and restoration. Overcoming barriers to adoption of ecologically based invasive-plant management will require developing principles and integrating them into a useful format so land managers can easily understand the linkages among ecological processes, vegetation dynamics, management practices, and assessment. We have amended a generally accepted and well-tested successional management framework into a comprehensive decision tool for ecologically based invasive-plant management. (EBIPM) by 1) using the Rangeland Health Assessment to identify ecological processes in need of repair, 2) amending our framework to include principles for repairing ecological processes that direct vegetation dynamics, and 3) incorporating adaptive management procedures to foster the acquisition of new information during management. This decision tool provides a step-by-step planning process that integrates assessment and adaptive management with process-based principles to provide management guidance. In our case-study example, EBIPM increased the chance of restoration success by 66% over traditionally applied integrated weed management in an invasive-plant-dominated ephemeral wetland ecosystem. We believe that this framework provides the basis for EBIPM and will enhance our ability to design and implement sustainable invasive-plant management: and restoration programs. C1 [Sheley, R.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Sheley, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM roger.sheley@oregonstate.edu NR 59 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 7 U2 42 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 6 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00187.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686VG UT WOS:000284723900001 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Williams, CJ Kormos, PR Hardegree, SP Clark, PE Rau, BM AF Pierson, Frederick B. Williams, C. Jason Kormos, Patrick R. Hardegree, Stuart P. Clark, Patrick E. Rau, Benjamin M. TI Hydrologic Vulnerability of Sagebrush Steppe Following Pinyon and Juniper Encroachment SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE erosion; infiltration; runoff; SageSTEP; soil water repellency ID REPELLENT SANDY SOIL; WESTERN JUNIPER; SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; VEGETATION PATCHES; SEMIARID WOODLAND; WATER REPELLENCY; PRESCRIBED-FIRE; UNITED-STATES; EROSION; RUNOFF AB Woodland encroachment on United States rangelands has altered the structure and function of shrub steppe ecosystems. The potential community structure is one where trees dominate, shrub and herbaceous species decline, and rock cover and bare soil area increase and become more interconnected. Research from the Desert Southwest United States has demonstrated areas under tree canopies effectively store water and soil resources, whereas areas between canopies (intercanopy) generate significantly more runoff and erosion. We investigated these relationships and the impacts of tree encroachment on runoff and erosion processes at two woodland sites in the Intermountain West, USA. Rainfall simulation and concentrated flow methodologies were employed to measure infiltration, runoff, and erosion from intercanopy and canopy areas at small-plot (0.5 m(2)) and large-plot (13 m(2)) scales. Soil water repellency and vegetative and ground cover factors that influence runoff and erosion were quantified. Runoff and erosion from rainsplash, sheet flow, and concentrated flow processes were significantly greater from intercanopy than canopy areas across small- and large-plot scales, and site-specific erodibility differences were observed. Runoff and erosion were primarily dictated by the type and quantity of ground cover. Litter offered protection from rainsplash effects, provided rainfall storage, mitigated soil water repellency impacts on infiltration, and contributed to aggregate stability. Runoff and erosion increased exponentially (r(2) = 0.75 and 0.64) where bare soil and rock cover exceeded 50%. Sediment yield was strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.87) with runoff and increased linearly where runoff exceeded 20 mm.h(-1). Measured runoff and erosion rates suggest tree canopies represent areas of hydrologic stability, whereas intercanopy areas are vulnerable to runoff and erosion. Results indicate the overall hydrologic vulnerability of sagebrush steppe following woodland encroachment depends on the potential influence of tree dominance on bare intercanopy expanse and connectivity and the potential erodibility of intercanopy areas. C1 [Pierson, Frederick B.; Williams, C. Jason; Hardegree, Stuart P.; Clark, Patrick E.] ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Kormos, Patrick R.] Boise State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Rau, Benjamin M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 6,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM fred.pierson@ars.usda.gov OI Kormos, Patrick/0000-0003-1874-9215; Clark, Patrick/0000-0003-4299-1853; Williams, Jason/0000-0002-6289-4789 FU US Joint Fire Science Program [15] FX This is Contribution Number 15 of the Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), funded by the US Joint Fire Science Program. NR 59 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 6 BP 614 EP 629 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00148.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686VG UT WOS:000284723900002 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Petersen, SL Johnson, DD Davis, DB Madsen, MD Zvirzdin, DL Bates, JD AF Davies, Kirk W. Petersen, Steven L. Johnson, Dustin D. Davis, D. Bracken Madsen, Matthew D. Zvirzdin, Daniel L. Bates, Jon D. TI Estimating Juniper Cover From National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) Imagery and Evaluating Relationships Between Potential Cover and Environmental Variables SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; juniperus occidentalis; landscape ecology; remote sensing; restoration; sagebrush; woodland encroachment ID WESTERN JUNIPER; VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; WOODLANDS; OCCIDENTALIS; ENCROACHMENT; ALLIANCE; MODELS; IDAHO; FIRE AB Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis subsp. occidentalis Hook.) woodlands are expanding from their historic range and causing significant declines of other plant communities. However, landscape-scale restoration projects are hindered by time-consuming and expensive methods to inventory juniper cover and prioritize landscapes based on developmental phase of juniper encroachment. We investigated the ability of feature-extraction software to estimate western juniper cover from color aerial photographs obtained from the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) and explored the relationships between juniper cover at stand closure (potential juniper cover) and environmental/site indices (heat load, site exposure, and integrated moisture index) and characteristics measured from commonly available geospatial data layers. Estimates of juniper cover derived from NAIP imagery and ground measurements were similar (R(2) = 0.74; P < 0.01). Neither method consistently estimated juniper cover higher or lower than the other method (P = 0.79). Environmental indices were either not correlated or weakly correlated with juniper cover at stand closure. However, the environmental/site characteristics (slope, aspect, and elevation) could be used to explain 40% of the variation in juniper cover at stand closure (R(2) = 0.40; P < 0.01). Thus, commonly available geospatial data layers can be used to assist in determining potential juniper cover. This information can then be compared to current juniper cover to determine juniper woodland developmental phase. Knowing the developmental phase is important because management strategies and effectiveness of restoration treatments differ among phases of juniper encroachment. Our results suggest that NAIP imagery can be a valuable tool to estimate juniper cover over large areas effectively to make landscape-scale restoration more feasible. The model of the relationship between environmental/site characteristics measured from commonly available geospatial data layers and potential juniper can be used to assist in restoration planning and prioritization, but could be improved with further refinement. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Madsen, Matthew D.; Bates, Jon D.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Petersen, Steven L.; Zvirzdin, Daniel L.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Plant & Wildlife Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Johnson, Dustin D.] Oregon State Univ, Burns, OR 97720 USA. [Davis, D. Bracken] Utah Dept Agr & Food, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University; Brigham Young University FX This research was funded by the US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Oregon State University, and Brigham Young University. The authors thank the Bureau of Land Management and private landowners for allowing us to conduct this research on their lands. The authors are also grateful to all the summer technicians and research assistants that helped collect data for this experiment. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 6 BP 630 EP 637 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00129.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686VG UT WOS:000284723900003 ER PT J AU Davies, KW Bates, JD Svejcar, TJ Boyd, CS AF Davies, Kirk W. Bates, Jonathan D. Svejcar, Tony J. Boyd, Chad S. TI Effects of Long-Term Livestock Grazing on Fuel Characteristics in Rangelands: An Example From the Sagebrush Steppe SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Artemisia arbuscula; Artemisia tridentata; bunchgrass; cattle; fire; fuel management; wildfire; wildfire risk ID WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; SAGE-GROUSE HABITAT; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; GREAT-BASIN; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; AFRICAN SAVANNA; PRESCRIBED FIRE; STAND DYNAMICS; FOREST AB Livestock grazing potentially has substantial influence on fuel characteristics in rangelands around the globe. However, information quantifying the impacts of grazing on rangeland fuel characteristics is limited, and the effects of grazing on fuels are important because fuel characteristics are one of the primary factors determining risk, severity, continuity, and size of wildfires. We investigated the effects of long-term (70+ yr) livestock grazing exclusion (nongrazed) and moderate levels of livestock grazing (grazed) on fuel accumulations, continuity, gaps, and heights in shrub-grassland rangelands. Livestock used the grazed treatment through 2008 and sampling occurred in mid- to late summer in 2009. Nongrazed rangelands had over twofold more herbaceous standing crop than grazed rangelands (P < 0.01). Fuel accumulations on perennial bunchgrasses were approximately threefold greater in nongrazed than grazed treatments. Continuity of fuels in nongrazed compared to grazed treatments was also greater (P < 0.05). The heights of perennial grass current year's and previous years' growth were 1.3-fold and 2.2-fold taller in nongrazed compared to grazed treatments (P < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that moderate livestock grazing decreases the risk of wildfires in sagebrush steppe plant communities and potentially other semi-arid and arid rangelands. These results also suggest wildfires in moderately grazed sagebrush rangelands have decreased severity, continuity, and size of the burn compared to long-term nongrazed sagebrush rangelands. Because of the impacts fuels have on fire characteristics, moderate levels of grazing probably increase the efficiency of fire suppression activities. Because of the large difference between fuel characteristics in grazed and nongrazed sagebrush rangelands, we suggest that additional management impacts on fuels and subsequently fires need to be investigated in nonforested rangelands to protect native plant communities and prioritize management needs. C1 [Davies, Kirk W.; Bates, Jonathan D.; Svejcar, Tony J.; Boyd, Chad S.] ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Davies, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM kirk.davies@oregonstate.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; Oregon State University FX The Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center is jointly funded by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 61 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 6 BP 662 EP 669 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00006.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686VG UT WOS:000284723900007 ER PT J AU Bhattarai, K Bushman, BS Johnson, DA Carman, JG AF Bhattarai, Kishor Bushman, B. Shaun Johnson, Douglas A. Carman, John G. TI Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Western Prairie Clover Collections From the Western United States SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP); conservation; Dalea; Great Basin; legume; population structure; revegetation ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; FORAGE QUALITY; AFLP MARKERS; DIFFERENTIATION; RESTORATION; DIVERSITY; OREGON; PLANTS; YIELD; DNA AB Few North American legumes are available for rangeland revegetation in the semiarid western United States. Western prairie clover (Dalea ornata [Douglas ex Hook.] Eaton & J. Wright) is a perennial legume with desirable forage characteristics and is distributed in the northern Great Basin, Snake River Basin, and southern Columbia Plateau. Understanding the genetic and ecotypic variability of this species is a prerequisite for developing populations suitable for revegetation purposes. To address this need, we established two common-garden plots of western prairie clover from 22 sites in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Significant variation was detected among the collections for all traits measured. Among the measured traits, flowering date was correlated with collection-site temperature and elevation. Population structure estimates from 474 amplified-fragment length polymorphism markers resulted in two distinct, genetically differentiated groups and a third admixed group, and flowering date played a significant role in discriminating those genetic-based groupings of collections. Positive correlations were observed between phenotypic and genetic distance matrices (r = 0.33, P = 0.005), phenotypic and geographic distance matrices (r = 0.35, P = 0.002), and genetic and geographic distance matrices (r = 0.31, P = 0.009). Based on these results, we recommend that two germplasm sources of western prairie clover be developed for use across the collection area, one from the Deschutes River region and the other encompassing Idaho, Washington, and eastern Oregon collection sites. C1 [Bushman, B. Shaun; Johnson, Douglas A.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bhattarai, Kishor; Carman, John G.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soil & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bushman, BS (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM Shaun.Bushman@ars.usda.gov FU Department of the Interior/Bureau of Land Management Great Basin Restoration Initiative; USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station; Center for Integrated Biosystems, Utah State University FX This research was partly funded by Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project through the Department of the Interior/Bureau of Land Management Great Basin Restoration Initiative and the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station.; We would like to thank Kevin Connors and Lisa Michaels for their help in both the field and laboratory. The authors also acknowledge graduate student grant funds awarded to Kishor Bhattarai from the Center for Integrated Biosystems, Utah State University. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 6 BP 696 EP 706 DI 10.2111/REM-D-10-00008.1 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686VG UT WOS:000284723900011 ER PT J AU Bailey, DW Al Tabini, R Waldron, BL Libbin, JD Al-Khalidi, K Alqadi, A Al Oun, M Jensen, KB AF Bailey, Derek W. Al Tabini, Raed Waldron, Blair L. Libbin, James D. Al-Khalidi, Khalid Alqadi, Ahmad Al Oun, Mohammad Jensen, Kevin B. TI Potential of Kochia prostrata and Perennial Grasses for Rangeland Restoration in Jordan SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alternate forage sources; crested wheatgrass; forage kochia; Middle East; Russian wildrye; Siberian wheatgrass ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; REGISTRATION AB Six varieties of forage kochia (Kochia prostrata [L.] Schrad.), two Atriplex shrubs native to North America, and four drought-tolerant perennial grass varieties were seeded and evaluated under arid rangeland conditions in Jordan. Varieties were seeded in December 2007 and evaluated in 2008 and 2009 at two sites. Conditions were dry with Qurain receiving 110 mm and 73 mm and Tal Rimah receiving 58 mm and 43 mm of annual precipitation during the winters of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009, respectively. Plants were more abundant and taller (P < 0.001) at Qurain than Tal Rimah in 2008. Forage kochia frequency was 48% and 30% in 2008 at Qurain and Tal Rimah, respectively. However, no seeded plants were observed at Tal Rimah in 2009, suggesting that 58 mm and 43 mm of annual precipitation are insufficient to allow plants to persist over multiple years. At the wetter site, forage kochia abundance in 2009 was similar (P = 0.90) to that observed in 2008 and plant height increased (P < 0.001) from 2008 (14.4 cm +/- 1.1 SE) to 2009 (38.4 cm +/- 1.1 SE). Sahro-select and Otavny-select were the most abundant forage kochia varieties (P < 0.05), suggesting that these experimental lines could be more adapted to the environmental conditions of :fordan than the commercially available cultivar Immigrant. Frequency of perennial grass varieties declined (P < 0.001) at Qurain from 82% +/- 4 SE to 39% +/- 4 SE between 2008 and 2009, respectively. Among grasses, Siberian wheatgrass had better stands than crested wheatgrass, with Russian wildrye being intermediate. Based on this study, forage kochia appears to have great potential for establishing palatable perennial shrubs in arid rangeland conditions in Jordan if annual precipitation is at least 70 mm. Arid-adapted perennial grass varieties might also be useful in rangeland restoration if annual precipitation is over 100 mm. C1 [Bailey, Derek W.; Libbin, James D.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Al Tabini, Raed; Al-Khalidi, Khalid; Alqadi, Ahmad; Al Oun, Mohammad] Higher Council Sci & Technol, Badia Res & Dev Ctr, Amman, Jordan. [Waldron, Blair L.; Jensen, Kevin B.] ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, USDA, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bailey, DW (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, POB 30003,MSC 3-1, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM dwbailey@nmsu.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 6 BP 707 EP 711 DI 10.2111/REM-D-09-00195.1 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 686VG UT WOS:000284723900012 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Polasky, S AF Haight, Robert G. Polasky, Stephen TI Optimal control of an invasive species with imperfect information about the level of infestation SO RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Invasive species; Monitoring; Optimal management; Dynamic programming; Partially observable Markov decision process ID BIOLOGICAL INVASION; ECONOMIC COSTS; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; SPREAD; UNCERTAINTY; STRATEGIES; RISK AB The presence of invasive species is often not realized until well after the species becomes established. Discovering the location and extent of infestation before the invasive species causes widespread damage typically requires intensive monitoring efforts. In this paper, we analyze the problem of controlling an invasive species when there is imperfect information about the degree of infestation. We model the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process in which the decision-maker receives an imperfect signal about the level of infestation. The decision-maker then chooses a management action to minimize expected costs based on beliefs about the level of infestation. We apply this model to a simple application with three possible levels of infestation where the decision-maker can choose to take no action, only monitor, only treat, or do both monitoring and treatment jointly. We solve for optimal management as a function of beliefs about the level of infestation. For a case with positive monitoring and treatment costs, we find that the optimal policy involves choosing no action when there is a sufficiently large probability of no infestation, monitoring alone with intermediate probability values and treatment alone when the probability of moderate or high infestation is large. We also show how optimal management and expected costs change as the cost or quality of information from monitoring changes. With costless and perfect monitoring, expected costs are 20-30% lower across the range of belief states relative to the expected costs without monitoring. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Haight, Robert G.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Appl Econ, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polasky, Stephen] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM rhaight@fs.fed.us; polasky@umn.edu NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-7655 J9 RESOUR ENERGY ECON JI Resour. Energy Econ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 4 SI SI BP 519 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.reseneeco.2010.04.005 PG 15 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 693IF UT WOS:000285217100004 ER PT J AU Quistberg, SE Stringham, TK AF Quistberg, Sarah E. Stringham, Tamzen K. TI Sedge Transplant Survival in a Reconstructed Channel: Influences of Planting Location, Erosion, and Invasive Species SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carex nebrascensis; Carex utriculata; Cirsium arvense; revegetation; riparian restoration; sedges ID THISTLE CIRSIUM-ARVENSE; CANADA THISTLE; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SEED-GERMINATION; CAREX-ROSTRATA; WATER-TABLE; MEADOWS; RESTORATION; GROWTH; COMPETITION AB Sedge transplanting success in recently constructed channels is essential because the lack of vegetation makes the channel highly susceptible to erosion and non-native plant invasion. In this study, greenhouse grown plugs of Carex nebrascensis Dewey (Nebraska sedge) and C. utriculata Boott (beaked sedge) were transplanted onto two different channel geomorphic surfaces, depositional and erosional, for two different experiments. The first experiment tested the effects of planting location on sedge survival and growth and the second tested the effects of Cirsium arvense presence on transplant survival and growth. Survival during the first growing season was the same for both species; however, shoot numbers were greater for C. nebrascensis (98 shoots/m2) compared to C. utriculata (84 shoots/m2) at the end of the first growing season. Greater shoot numbers also occurred on depositional planting locations (117 and 165 shoots/m2) compared to erosional planting locations (65 and 59 shoots/m2) at the end of the first and second growing seasons, respectively. The presence of Ci. arvense was observed to reduce sedge shoot numbers regardless of sedge species during the first growing season but no significant difference was observed by the end of the second growing season. These results suggested that control of Ci. arvense did not increase sedge vegetative growth within two growing seasons. Results suggest that revegetation success was greatest on depositional geomorphic surfaces and that both species are appropriate for transplanting; however, C. nebrascensis outperformed C. utriculata at sites with water tables that averaged deeper than 30 cm over the growing season. C1 [Quistberg, Sarah E.; Stringham, Tamzen K.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stringham, TK (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM sequist@gmail.com NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 SU 2 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00607.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679OX UT WOS:000284171800017 ER PT J AU Bagne, KE Finch, DM AF Bagne, Karen E. Finch, Deborah M. TI Response of Small Mammal Populations to Fuel Treatment and Precipitation in a Ponderosa Pine Forest, New Mexico SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chipmunk; deer mouse; Microtus; New Mexico; Peromyscus manuculatus; thinning ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CAPTURE EXPERIMENTS; RODENT POPULATIONS; MANAGED FORESTS; BOREAL FORESTS; NATIONAL-PARK; DOWNED WOOD; FIRE; DYNAMICS AB Mechanical and fire treatments are commonly used to reduce fuels where land use practices have encouraged accumulation of woody debris and high densities of trees. Treatments focus on restoration of vegetation structure, but will also affect wildlife populations. Small mammal populations were monitored before and after dense tree stands were thinned on 2,800 ha in NM, U.S.A. Mammals were live-trapped in upland and riparian habitats from 2002 to 2006 in thinned and unthinned forests. Populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and voles (Microtus spp.) were estimated using mark-recapture data. An index of abundance was used for chipmunks (Tamias spp.) and woodrats (Neotoma spp.). Deer mice responded positively to thinning in 2005 in upland and riparian habitats. Voles responded positively to thinning in 2005 and 2006 in riparian habitats. There was no change related to thinning in relative abundance of chipmunks and woodrats or in total small mammal biomass. Because abiotic processes affect wildlife populations, we also examined response of deer mouse populations to precipitation. After removing treatment effects, populations were modeled with winter and summer precipitation. In both upland and riparian habitats, deer mouse populations had a curvilinear response to precipitation from the preceding winter, while responding negatively to summer rainfall only in riparian habitats. Increases in deer mice populations occurred on thinned sites during a year of high winter precipitation, generally associated with depressed populations, indicating that forest thinning moderated this relationship. Results suggest that precipitation plays a role in determining timing and presence of response to restoration treatments. C1 [Bagne, Karen E.; Finch, Deborah M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Bagne, KE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM kbagne@gmail.com RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 FU Santa Fe National Forest; National Fire Plan FX The Santa Fe National Forest and the National Fire Plan provided funding for this research. We thank S. Hurlocker, L. Garcia, D. Isackson, M. Orr, J. Miera, C. Van Dorn, and T. Johnston for their support. In addition, the project was facilitated by the hard work and dedication of the Santa Fe Watershed Association. We acknowledge and thank M. Zwartjes who established the project and B. Leonard who supervised the project through 2004, as well as field technicians who assisted in data collection. We are grateful for the help of R. King, L. Porth, and D. Turner on statistical issues. The manuscript was improved by M. Friggens, S. Yates, and two anonymous reviewers, and their time is appreciated. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 SU 2 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00601.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 679OX UT WOS:000284171800018 ER PT J AU Jakubowski, AR Casler, MD Jackson, RD AF Jakubowski, Andrew R. Casler, Michael D. Jackson, Randall D. TI The Benefits of Harvesting Wetland Invaders for Cellulosic Biofuel: An Ecosystem Services Perspective SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; novel ecosystems; nutrient management; Phalaris arundinacea; restoration ID PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA L; REED CANARY-GRASS; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; ECONOMIC COSTS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; CONSERVATION; AGRICULTURE; ENERGY AB The emerging interest in cellulosic biofuel production has led the call for alternative cropping systems that maximize production along with the accompanying regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services. We evaluate the potential for biomass harvested from invaded wetlands to achieve these goals. The ecosystem service trade-offs associated with a wetland invader harvest are evaluated followed by a case study estimating the energy production and nutrient removal of harvesting Phalaris arundinacea from invaded wetlands in Wisconsin, United States. Estimates for energy production from this single species harvest dwarf current renewable energy sources for the state of Wisconsin and offer the potential to recapture approximately 50-200% of the excess nitrogen and phosphorus annually applied as fertilizer. This restoration technique would not only generate income from biomass sales to subsidize the cost of restoration, but also has the potential to shift the system toward more desirable environmental conditions by removing nutrients annually, reducing downstream eutrophication, and enhancing the ability of more desirable vegetation to establish by removing the litter layer created by the invasive species. C1 [Jakubowski, Andrew R.; Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jakubowski, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Jakubowski@wisc.edu RI Jakubowski, Andrew/F-4905-2010 FU GLCI [941-3]; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded in part by GLCI grant 941-3 and by the DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00738.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674EW UT WOS:000283718000002 ER PT J AU Abbott, LC Maynard, AD AF Abbott, Linda C. Maynard, Andrew D. TI Exposure Assessment Approaches for Engineered Nanomaterials SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Exposure assessment; nanomaterials; nanoparticle ID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PARTICLE SURFACE-AREA; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY HEALTH; QUANTUM DOTS; LUNG INJURY; CARBON NANOTUBES; FINE PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES AB Products based on nanotechnology are rapidly emerging in the marketplace, sometimes with little notice to consumers of their nanotechnology pedigree. This wide variety of nanotechnology products will result (in some cases) in unintentional human exposure to purposely engineered nanoscale materials via the dermal, inhalation, ingestion, and ocular pathways. Occupational, consumer, and environmental exposure to the nanomaterials should be characterized during the entire product lifecycle-manufacture, use, and disposal. Monitoring the fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials is complicated by the lack of detection techniques and the lack of a defined set of standardized metrics to be consistently measured. New exposure metrics may be required for engineered nanomaterials, but progress is possible by building on existing tools. An exposure metric matrix could organize existing data by relating likely exposure pathways (dermal, inhalation, ocular, ingestion) with existing measurements of important characteristics of nanoscale materials (particle number, mass, size distribution, charge). Nanomaterial characteristics not commonly measured, but shown to initiate a biological response during toxicity testing, signal a need for further research, such as the pressing need to develop monitoring devices capable of measuring those aspects of engineered nanomaterials that result in biological responses in humans. Modeling the behavior of nanoparticles may require new types of exposure models that individually track particles through the environment while keeping track of the particle shape, surface area, and other surface characteristics as the nanoparticles are transformed or become reactive. Lifecycle analysis could also be used to develop conceptual models of exposure from engineered nanomaterials. C1 [Abbott, Linda C.] USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. [Maynard, Andrew D.] Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Abbott, LC (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Room 4032,S Bldg,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM labbott@oce.usda.gov OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 93 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 10 U2 62 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1634 EP 1644 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01446.x PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 679ND UT WOS:000284167200002 PM 20626687 ER PT J AU Estell, RE AF Estell, R. E. TI Coping with shrub secondary metabolites by ruminants SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Foraging behavior; Herbivory; Intake; Plant secondary metabolites; Ruminants; Secondary chemistry; Shrubs ID FLOURENSIA-CERNUA INGESTION; COMMON BRUSHTAIL POSSUM; SHEEP CONSUMING TOBOSA; QUEBRACHO TANNIN DIET; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; MEDITERRANEAN SHRUBS; MAMMALIAN HERBIVORES; MULE DEER; MONOTERPENE CONCENTRATIONS; COMPOUND COMPLEMENTARITY AB Rangelands throughout the world contain varying but often substantial proportions of shrubs. Shrubs are generally heavily chemically defended, and herbivores must either contend with their plant secondary metabolites (PSM) or avoid a significant component of the available forage. Browsing ruminants are exposed to thousands of chemicals in infinite combinations and concentrations that are constantly changing both temporally and spatially. The success with which a herbivore navigates this complex environment is in part attributed to its ability to cope with PSM. Plant secondary metabolites can affect a number of physiological and metabolic processes (e.g., altered microbial activity, reduced digestion, compromised acid/base balance, toxicity), although negative consequences to the herbivore range from harmless to lethal,depending factors such as dose, animal species, plane of nutrition, and physiological state. Herbivores have a variety of intertwined mechanisms to cope with consumption of PSM, ranging from physiological (e.g., salivary proteins, detoxification pathways) to behavioral (e.g., avoidance, regulation of intake below critical threshold, cautious sampling, altering size and pattern of feeding bouts, diet switching, consuming diverse and/or complementary diets). Secondary compounds may affect requirements for nutrients (e.g., protein, minerals, and glucose) and water, and may alter basal metabolic rate. Energy requirements may also increase to accommodate increased travel to water and supplementation sites to counter these negative effects, particularly on arid rangelands. A number of management strategies exist for minimizing the negative effects of PSM consumption on livestock. Supplementation to replace nutrients depleted during detoxification (e.g., amino acids and glucose), additives such as PEG and charcoal to reduce absorption and increase excretion of PSM, maintaining animals in good body condition, and behavioral modifications (e.g., diet training) are among the potential management options for enhancing the ability of ruminants to cope with PSM when browsing shrubby ecosystems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Estell, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Box 30003,MSC 3JER,Knox St, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM restell@nmsu.edu RI Salem, A.Z.M./K-1495-2014 OI Salem, A.Z.M./0000-0001-7418-4170 NR 124 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 94 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.09.012 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 690AE UT WOS:000284971500001 ER PT J AU Fang, QX Green, TR Ma, LW Erskine, RH Malone, RW Ahuja, LR AF Fang, Quan-Xiao Green, Timothy R. Ma, Liwang Erskine, Robert H. Malone, Robert W. Ahuja, Lajpat R. TI Optimizing Soil Hydraulic Parameters in RZWQM2 under Fallow Conditions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; DOUBLE-CROPPING SYSTEM; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; WATER MANAGEMENT; CALIBRATION; UNCERTAINTY; FIELD; CONDUCTIVITY; VARIABILITY AB Robust estimation of soil hydraulic parameters is essential for predicting soil water dynamics and related biogeochemical processes; however, uncertainties in estimated parameter values limit a model's ability for prediction and application. In this study, methods of global analysis (Latin hypercube sampling, LHS) and gradient-based optimization (PEST, parameter estimation software) were explored to calibrate soil hydraulic parameters in the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2). Six methods of estimating Brooks-Corey parameters of the soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity were evaluated to simulate daily soil water dynamics under fallow conditions in eastern Colorado. The calibrated soil hydraulic parameters showed similar trends with soil depth for the different estimation methods in RZWQM2 but resulted in large differences between simulated and observed soil water contents. The PEST optimization based on soil type values as initial estimates gave reasonable soil water responses but with some unrealistic soil hydraulic parameters and soil evaporation. Overall, errors in simulated soil water contents were reduced by using LHS to initialize and constrain the PEST parameter space, which also stabilized the cross-validation results. Calibration results using water content measurements at four depths (30, 60, 90, and 150 cm) were similar to results using 10 depths (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120, 150, and 170 cm). Calibrating soil hydraulic parameters remains challenging, but the combined calibration procedures (LHS + PEST) with cross-validation can reduce parameter uncertainties and improve model performance. C1 [Green, Timothy R.; Ma, Liwang; Erskine, Robert H.; Ahuja, Lajpat R.] USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Fang, Quan-Xiao] Qingdao Agr Univ, Qingdao, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Malone, Robert W.] USDA ARS, Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Green, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Agr Syst Res Unit, 2150-D Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM tim.green@ars.usda.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [30800164]; Promotional Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province [BS2009NY003] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30800164) and Promotional Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of Shandong Province (no. BS2009NY003). This work was performed partially under a specific cooperative agreement with Colorado State University, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences. We thank Dr. Tom Nolan, USGS, and Dr. Colleen Green Rossi, USDA-ARS for their constructive and insightful comments on the manuscript. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1897 EP 1913 DI 10.2136/sssaj2009.0380 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676FS UT WOS:000283897000005 ER PT J AU Luo, LF Lin, H Schmidt, J AF Luo, Lifang Lin, Henry Schmidt, John TI Quantitative Relationships between Soil Macropore Characteristics and Preferential Flow and Transport SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; WATER-FLOW; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; INFILTRATION; MODEL; PARAMETERS; QUALITY AB Quantitative relationships between soil structure, especially macropore characteristics, and soil hydraulic properties are essential to improving our ability to predict flow and transport in structured soils. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively relate macropore characteristics to saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)) and dispersivity (lambda) and to identify major macropore characteristics useful for estimating soil hydraulic properties under saturated condition. Large intact soil columns were taken from two land uses (cropland and pasture) of the same soil type (a Typic Hapludalf), with four replicates for each land use. The soil columns were scanned using X-ray computed tomography (CT) to obtain macropore parameters including macroporosity, length density, mean tortuosity, network density, hydraulic radius, path number, node density, and mean angle. The K(sat) of the whole soil column, as well as each soil horizon within the column, and solute breakthrough curve (BTC) of CaBr(2) were determined for each column. For all eight soil columns studied, macroporosity and path number (the number of independent macropore paths between two boundaries) explained 71 to 75% of the variability in the natural logarithm of K(sat) values of the whole soil columns as well as of individual soil horizons. The traditional convection dispersion equation (equilibrium model) simulated the BTCs well for all soil columns except one with an earthworm hole passing through the entire column, for which the two-region model (non-equilibrium model) was required. The path number, hydraulic radius, and macropore angle were the best predictors for lambda, explaining 97% of its variability Correlation between lambda of the whole soil columns and K(sat) values of the Bt horizons (but not A horizons) implied that the dispersivity was mainly controlled by the horizon with the lowest K(sat) in the soil columns. These results indicate that the most useful macropore parameters for predicting flow and transport under saturated condition in structured soils included macroporosity, path number, hydraulic radius, and macropore angle. C1 [Luo, Lifang] US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. [Luo, Lifang] Univ Calif Riverside, Dep Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Lin, Henry] Penn State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schmidt, John] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Luo, LF (reprint author), US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Lifang.Luo@ARS.USDA.GOV RI Lin, Henry/E-8234-2011 FU USDA [2006-38411-17202] FX We thank Dr. Phil Halleck and Dr. Avrami Grader of the Penn State's Center for Quantitative Imaging for their help and advice on the CT scanning. This project was partially supported by the USDA Higher Education Challenge Competitive Grants Program (grant no. 2006-38411-17202). Trade or manufacturers' names mentioned in the paper are for information only and do not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or exclusion by the USDA-ARS. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 11 U2 93 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1929 EP 1937 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0062 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676FS UT WOS:000283897000008 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, Alan J. Stuedemann, John A. TI Surface Soil Changes during Twelve Years of Pasture Management in the Southern Piedmont USA SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; PROFILE ORGANIC-CARBON; BERMUDAGRASS MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN POOLS; BULK-DENSITY; TALL FESCUE; PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS; CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; DEGRADED SOILS; MIXED-GRASS AB Surface soil characteristics are of key importance in assessing the sustainability of agricultural management systems. We evaluated the factorial combination of nutrient source (inorganic, mixed organic + inorganic, and organic as broiler litter) and forage utilization (unharvested, low and high cattle grazing pressure, and hayed) on soil organic matter during 12 yr of pasture management on a Typic Kanhapludult in Georgia. Nutrient source had very little effect on bulk density, soil organic C (SOC), and total soil N (TSN). Forage utilization greatly affected all soil properties, more so nearest the surface. For example, SOC at a depth of 0 to 3 cm under low grazing pressure was 47.6 g kg(-1) and under haying was 28.8 g kg(-1) (P < 0.001), while at 3 to 6 cm it was 20.1 and 14.9 g kg(-1), respectively (P = 0.04), and at 6 to 12 cm it was 12.7 and 11.0 g kg(-1), respectively (P = 0.59). Soil bulk density was inversely related to SOC. Total SOC (0-20 cm) plus surface residue C was 3.6 +/- 3.6 Mg C ha(-1) greater (mean +/- standard deviation among six nutrient source x forage utilization comparisons) in the zone nearest shade and water sources than farther away. Sequestration of TSN in the surface 6 cm averaged 8 +/- 8 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation among three nutrient source comparisons) when hayed, 31 +/- 15 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) when left unharvested, and 74 +/- 5 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) when grazed by cattle with either low or high grazing pressure. These results indicate the large potential of well-managed grazing systems to improve the quality and functioning of soils in the southeastern United States. C1 [Franzluebbers, Alan J.; Stuedemann, John A.] USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM alan.franzluebbers@ars.usda.gov NR 44 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 29 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 74 IS 6 BP 2131 EP 2141 DI 10.2136/sssaj2010.0034 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676FS UT WOS:000283897000030 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RC Baumhardt, RL Evett, SR AF Schwartz, R. C. Baumhardt, R. L. Evett, S. R. TI Tillage effects on soil water redistribution and bare soil evaporation throughout a season SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Tillage; Evaporation; Soil water; Infiltration ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY MODEL; DAILY TEMPERATURE WAVE; TACQ COMPUTER-PROGRAM; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; TRANSPORT; FALLOW; RAINFALL; DRYLAND AB Tillage-induced changes in soil properties are difficult to predict, yet can influence evaporation, infiltration and how water is redistributed within the profile after precipitation. We evaluated the effects of sweep tillage (ST) on near surface soil water dynamics as compared with an untilled (UT) soil during a 7-month period. Plots were established in a fallow field devoid of residue under stubble-mulch tillage management on a clay loam soil. Soil water contents were monitored using time-domain reflectometry at 0.05-0.3 m and using a neutron moisture gage to a depth of 2.3 m. Soil temperature and net radiation was also monitored. During a 114-day period from April through July, tillage with a sweep (0.07-0.1 m) significantly decreased net water storage above 0.3 m soil depth by an average of 12 mm (P = 0.002) as compared with UT plots. After tillage, soil water contents at 0.05 and 0.1 m were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in ST plots, even following repeated precipitation events. Water contents at soil depths >= 0.2 m were not influenced by tillage. Cumulative 3-day evaporation following precipitation events averaged 3.1 mm greater under ST compared with UT (P < 0.014). After extended dry periods, evaporation rates were similar among both treatments (similar to 0.3 mm d(-1)) despite the greater near-surface water contents of UT plots. Although ST plots exhibited 19 mm greater cumulative evaporation from July through October, this was offset by 26 mm greater infiltration compared with UT. A more advanced surface crust development and greater initial water contents were likely responsible for lower cumulative infiltration of UT compared with ST plots. Immediately after tillage, cumulative daily net radiation averaged 22% greater for ST compared with UT surfaces and these differences diminished with time. Increased evaporation under tillage was likely a result of enhanced vapor flow near the surface and greater absorption of radiation by a tilled surface with reduced albedo. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schwartz, R. C.; Baumhardt, R. L.; Evett, S. R.] USDA ARS, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Schwartz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. EM robert.schwartz@ars.usda.gov NR 63 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 2 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.still.2010.07.015 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 676IP UT WOS:000283904700003 ER PT J AU Schultz, EB Iles, JC Matney, TG Ezell, AW Meadows, JS Leininger, TD Booth, WC Jeffreys, JP AF Schultz, Emily B. Iles, J. Clint Matney, Thomas G. Ezell, Andrew W. Meadows, James S. Leininger, Ted D. Booth, W. Cade Jeffreys, J. Paul TI Stand-Level Growth and Yield Component Models for Red Oak-Sweetgum Forests on Mid-South Minor Stream Bottoms SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE source code; example calculations; diameter distribution moment recovery AB Greater emphasis is being placed on Southern bottomland hardwood management, but relatively few growth and yield prediction systems exist that are based on sufficient measurements. We present the aggregate stand-level expected yield and structural component equations for a red oak (Quercus section Lobatae)-sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) growth and yield model. Measurements from 638 stand-level observations on 258 distinct permanent growth and yield plots collected in 1981, 1988, 1994, and 2006 in minor stream bottoms in Mississippi and Alabama provided data for model development. Equations for average height of dominant and codominant red oaks, trees/ac, arithmetic mean diameter, quadratic mean diameter, and volume were selected on the basis of significance of independent variables, coefficient of determination, index of fit, and biological validity assessment. These models produce expected average yields for combined specie; or species groups in naturally developing stands and provide an average baseline for individuals managing their lands for the red oak-sweetgum complex. Models will be integrated with log grade volume and diameter distribution models that are in concurrent development to produce a growth and yield system capable of comparing management alternatives on a financial basis. C1 [Schultz, Emily B.; Matney, Thomas G.; Ezell, Andrew W.; Booth, W. Cade; Jeffreys, J. Paul] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Iles, J. Clint] Templin Forestry Inc, Boyce, LA 71409 USA. [Meadows, James S.; Leininger, Ted D.] US Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Schultz, EB (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM eschultz@cfr.msstate.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 161 EP 175 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 677CP UT WOS:000283967000003 ER PT J AU Frey, GE Mercer, DE Cubbage, FW Abt, RC AF Frey, Gregory E. Mercer, D. Evan Cubbage, Frederick W. Abt, Robert C. TI Economic Potential of Agroforestry and Forestry in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley with Incentive Programs and Carbon Payments SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE soil expectation value; net present value; carbon emissions reductions; Wetlands Reserve Program; Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley; bottomland hardwoods ID UNITED-STATES; AFFORESTATION; CONSERVATION; SYSTEM; OAK AB Conversion of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) to agricultural land has caused a loss of ecosystem services. The primary approaches to reverse this have been the Wetlands Reserve Program and the Conservation Reserve Program, which provide financial incentives to landowners to reforest. However, other forest production regimes and forestry financing mechanisms will be necessary to meet reforestation goals. Using capital budgeting techniques, we estimated financial returns from eight agroforestry and seven forestry systems to compare to returns from agriculture on marginal and average lands in the LMAV, as an indicator for potential adoption. In all but a few cases, agriculture had higher returns than agroforestry and forestry, even on marginal lands, and this is especially true when considering federal agricultural payments. We then estimated the break-even carbon net revenue per metric ton that would create a large enough financial incentive to favor forestry or agroforestry systems over agriculture. Given prospective moderate prices from carbon credits from afforestation and reforestation activities and high costs for implementing those activities, a few forestry and agroforestry systems might have potential on marginal agricultural land in the LMAV, subject to requirements such as providing evidence that reforestation would not have taken place without carbon payments. Regimes that maintain a large carbon stock on site by avoiding clearcutting performed better under carbon markets. C1 [Frey, Gregory E.; Cubbage, Frederick W.; Abt, Robert C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mercer, D. Evan] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Frey, GE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM freyge00@hotmail.com RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012; OI Frey, Gregory/0000-0003-0538-0199 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 176 EP 185 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 677CP UT WOS:000283967000004 ER PT J AU Randolph, KC AF Randolph, KaDonna C. TI Comparison of the Arithmetic and Geometric Means in Estimating Crown Diameter and Crown Cross-Sectional Area SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest inventory; crown width; eccentricity; AM-GM inequality ID CANOPY COVER; TREE CROWN; RADIUS; STANDS; MODELS AB The use of the geometric and arithmetic means for estimating tree crown diameter and crown cross-sectional area were examined for trees with crown width measurements taken at the widest point of the crown and perpendicular to the widest point of the crown. The average difference between the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters was less than 0.2 ft in absolute value. The mean difference between crown cross-sectional areas based on the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters was less than 6.0 ft(2) in absolute value. At the plot level, the average difference between cumulative crown cross-sectional areas based on the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters amounted to less than 2.5% of the total plot area. The practical significance of these differences will depend on the final application in which the mean crown diameters are used. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Randolph, KC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. EM krandolph@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 4 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 677CP UT WOS:000283967000005 ER PT J AU Gutierrrez, OA Jenkins, JN McCarty, JC Wubben, MJ Hayes, RW Callahan, FE AF Gutierrrez, Osman A. Jenkins, Johnie N. McCarty, Jack C. Wubben, Martin J. Hayes, Russell W. Callahan, Franklin E. TI SSR markers closely associated with genes for resistance to root-knot nematode on chromosomes 11 and 14 of Upland cotton SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; INCOGNITA RACE 3; ROTYLENCHULUS-RENIFORMIS; TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; RECOMBINANT INBREDS; REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; BARBADENSE; MAIZE AB Molecular markers closely linked to genes that confer a high level of resistance to root-knot nematode (RKN) [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm derived from Auburn 623 RNR would greatly facilitate cotton breeding programs. Our objectives were to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to RKN resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) and map these markers to specific chromosomes. We developed three recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations by single seed descent from the crosses of RKN-resistant parents M-240 RNR (M240), developed from the Auburn 623 RNR source, moderately resistant Clevewilt 6 (CLW6), one of the parents of Auburn 623 RNR, and susceptible parent Stoneville 213 (ST213). These crosses were CLW6 x ST213, M240 x CLW6, and M240 x ST213. RILs from these populations were grown under greenhouse conditions, inoculated with RKN eggs, scored for root gall index, eggs plant(-1), and eggs g(-1) root. Plants were also genotyped with SSR markers. Results indicated that a minimum of two major genes were involved in the RKN resistance of M240. One gene was localized to chromosome 11 and linked to the marker CIR 316-201. This CIR 316-201 allele was also present in CLW6 but not in Mexico Wild (MW) (PI593649), both of which are parents of Auburn 623 RNR. A second RKN resistance gene was localized to the short arm of chromosome 14 and was linked to the SSR markers BNL3545-118 and BNL3661-185. These two marker alleles were not present in CLW6 but were present in MW. Our data also suggest that the chromosome 11 resistance QTL primarily affects root galling while the QTL on chromosome 14 mediates reduced RKN egg production. The SSRs identified in this study should be useful to select plants with high levels of RKN resistance in segregating populations derived from Auburn 623 RNR. C1 [Gutierrrez, Osman A.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Jenkins, Johnie N.; McCarty, Jack C.; Wubben, Martin J.; Hayes, Russell W.; Callahan, Franklin E.] USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gutierrrez, OA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM oag1@msstate.edu FU Cotton Incorporated Breeding and Genetics Initiative FX The authors would like to express thanks to Douglas Dollar and Kim Gourley for their excellent technical assistance. We also express our gratitude to Drs. Marilyn Warburton, Peng Chee, David Fang, and the three anonymous reviewers for their critical evaluation of the manuscript and helpful comments. This research was partially funded by a grant from Cotton Incorporated Breeding and Genetics Initiative Program. Contribution of the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. in cooperation with the USDA-ARS. Approved for publication as Journal Article No. J-11678 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. Mention of a trademark, warranty, proprietary product or vendor does not constitute a guarantee by Mississippi State University or the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 65 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 121 IS 7 BP 1323 EP 1337 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1391-9 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 665YI UT WOS:000283073600011 PM 20607210 ER PT J AU Liu, SB Bai, GH AF Liu, Shubing Bai, Guihua TI Dissection and fine mapping of a major QTL for preharvest sprouting resistance in white wheat Rio Blanco SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONTROLLING SEED DORMANCY; NEAR-ISOGENIC LINES; RICE ORYZA-SATIVA; GENETIC-VARIATION; GRAIN DORMANCY; CHROMOSOME 3A; BREAD-WHEAT; BARLEY; CROSS AB Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is a major constraint to white wheat production. Previously, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PHS resistance in white wheat by using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Rio Blanco/NW97S186. One QTL, QPhs.pseru-3A, showed a major effect on PHS resistance, and three simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were mapped in the QTL region. To determine the flanking markers for the QTL and narrow down the QTL to a smaller chromosome region, we developed a new fine mapping population of 1,874 secondary segregating F(2) plants by selfing an F6 RIL (RIL25) that was heterozygous in the three SSR marker loci. Segregation of PHS resistance in the population fitted monogenic inheritance. An additive effect of the QTL played a major role on PHS resistance, but a dominant effect was also observed. Fifty-six recombinants among the three SSR markers were identified in the population and selfed to produce homozygous recombinants or QTL near-isogenic lines (NIL). PHS evaluation of the recombinants delineated the QTL in the region close to Xbarc57 flanked by Xbarc321 and Xbarc12. To saturate the QTL region, 11 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were mapped in the QTL region with 7 AFLP co-segregated with Xbarc57 by using the NIL population. Dissection of the QTL as a Mendelian factor and saturation of the QTL region with additional markers created a solid foundation for positional cloning of the major QTL. C1 [Bai, Guihua] USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Liu, Shubing] Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genet Res Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM guihua.bai@ars.usda.gov FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service FX Research is partly funded by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Coordinated Agricultural Project. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture. This is contribution No. 10-285-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, KS, USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1395 EP 1404 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1396-4 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KC UT WOS:000283501900001 PM 20607209 ER PT J AU Rauscher, G Simko, I Mayton, H Bonierbale, M Smart, CD Grunwald, NJ Greenland, A Fry, WE AF Rauscher, Gilda Simko, Ivan Mayton, Hilary Bonierbale, Merideth Smart, Christine D. Gruenwald, Niklaus J. Greenland, Andrew Fry, William E. TI Quantitative resistance to late blight from Solanum berthaultii cosegregates with RPi-ber: insights in stability through isolates and environment SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID POTATO LATE BLIGHT; POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE; RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; TRAIT LOCI; DISEASE RESISTANCE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; QTL ANALYSIS; CHROMOSOME-IX; VIRUS-Y AB Genetic resistance is a valuable tool in the fight against late blight of potatoes but little is known about the stability and specificity of quantitative resistance including the effect of defeated major resistance genes. In the present study we investigated the effect of different isolates of Phytophthora infestans on the mode of action of R (Pi-ber) , an R-gene originating from Solanum berthaultii. The experiments were conducted on progenies derived from two reciprocal inter-specific backcrosses of Solanum tuberosum and S. berthaultii. The plant-pathogen interaction was tested in diverse environments including field, greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. The R (Pi-ber) gene provided complete resistance against a US8 isolate of P. infestans in all trials. When isolates compatible with R (Pi-ber) were used for inoculation, a smaller, but significant resistance effect was consistently detected in the same map position as the R-gene. This indicates that this R-gene provides a residual resistance effect, and/or that additional resistance loci are located in this genomic region of chromosome X. Additional quantitative resistance loci (QRL) were identified in the analyzed progenies. While some of the QRL (such as those near TG130 on chromosome III) were effective against several isolates of the pathogen, others were isolate specific. With a single exception, the S. berthaultii alleles were associated with a decrease in disease severity. Resistance loci reported in the present study co-locate with previously reported R-genes and QRL to P. infestans and other pathogens. C1 [Rauscher, Gilda; Mayton, Hilary; Smart, Christine D.; Fry, William E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Smart, Christine D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Geneva, NY USA. [Simko, Ivan] Cornell Univ, Dept Hort, Ithaca, NY USA. [Bonierbale, Merideth] Ctr Int Papa, Lima, Peru. [Rauscher, Gilda; Simko, Ivan] USDA ARS, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA USA. [Gruenwald, Niklaus J.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR USA. [Greenland, Andrew] Syngenta, Bracknell, Berks, England. RP Fry, WE (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Plant Microbe Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM wef1@cornell.edu RI Grunwald, Niklaus/K-6041-2013; Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Grunwald, Niklaus/0000-0003-1656-7602; Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 FU Syngenta FX This study was supported by Syngenta. We want to thank John Cianchietti, Kevin Myers, Barbara Esposito, Phoi Tran, and Karen Moravec for their help on the field experiments. Clare Nelson provided valuable insight on data analyses. We also wish to thank Jason Rauscher for critical reading and suggestions on the manuscript. Thanks also to Hector Lozoya-Saldana and PICTI-PAPA for supporting field research in Mexico. NR 84 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1553 EP 1567 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1410-x PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KC UT WOS:000283501900014 PM 20689906 ER PT J AU Shen, XL He, YJ Lubbers, EL Davis, RF Nichols, RL Chee, PW AF Shen, Xinlian He, Yajun Lubbers, Edward L. Davis, Richard F. Nichols, Robert L. Chee, Peng W. TI Fine mapping QMi-C11 a major QTL controlling root-knot nematodes resistance in Upland cotton SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM L.; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TRANSGRESSIVE SEGREGATION; GENE RKN1; MARKERS; CHROMOSOMES; GERMPLASM; IDENTIFICATION; INTROGRESSION; REGISTRATION AB The identification and utilization of a high-level of host plant resistance is the most effective and economical approach to control root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). In an earlier study, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for resistance to root-knot nematode in the M-120 RNR Upland cotton line (Gossypium hirsutum L.) of the Auburn 623 RNR source. The QTL is located in a 12.9-cM interval flanked by the two SSR markers CIR069 and CIR316 on the distal segment of chromosome 11. To construct a fine map around the target region, a bulked segregation analysis was performed using two DNA pools consisting of five individuals, with each being homozygous for the two parental alleles. From a survey of 1,152 AFLP primer combinations, 9 AFLP markers closely linked to the target region were identified. By screening an additional 1,221 F(2) individuals developed from the initial mapping population, the Mi-C11 locus was delimited to a 3.6-cM interval flanked by the SSR marker CIR069 and the AFLP marker E14M27-375. These results further elucidate the genetic fine structure of the Mi-C11 locus and provide the basis for map-based isolation of the nematode resistance gene in M-120 RNR. C1 [Shen, Xinlian; He, Yajun; Lubbers, Edward L.; Chee, Peng W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Davis, Richard F.] USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Nichols, Robert L.] Cotton Inc, Cary, NC 27513 USA. RP Chee, PW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM pwchee@uga.edu FU Georgia Cotton Commission; Cotton Incorporated FX We thank the Zhang lab for SSR primer sequences; Jennifer McCurdy and Rippy Singh for technical assistance; Pawan Kumar for valuable comments; and gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Georgia Cotton Commission and Cotton Incorporated. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 121 IS 8 BP 1623 EP 1631 DI 10.1007/s00122-010-1415-5 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 671KC UT WOS:000283501900019 PM 20680610 ER PT J AU Evans, KO Biresaw, G AF Evans, Kervin O. Biresaw, Girma TI Quartz crystal microbalance investigation of the structure of adsorbed soybean oil and methyl oleate onto steel surface SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE QCM-D; Soybean oil; Methyl oleate; Hexadecane; Stainless steel ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ALKANE SOLUTION; FATTY-ACIDS; ADSORPTION; FRICTION; ADDITIVES; OXIDATION AB The adsorption behavior of soybean oil (SBO) and methyl oleate (MO) from hexadecane solvent onto a steel surface at room temperature was investigated using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) Adsorption of both SBO and MO in hexadecane increased with increasing concentration until a full surface coverage was attained At full surface coverage SBO and MO formed rigid films and achieved a concentration of 1 5 and 1 7 x 10(-10) mol/cm(2) respectively Analysis of the QCM-D data determined that each formed a thin rigid film where the thicknesses were approximately 1 5 nm for SBO and 7 angstrom for MO The thicknesses indicate that the SBO adsorbed nearly perpendicular to the surface where MO molecules adsorbed nearly parallel to the surface Published by Elsevier B V C1 [Evans, Kervin O.] ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Biresaw, Girma] ARS, Bio Oils Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Evans, KO (reprint author), ARS, Renewable Prod Technol Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 519 IS 2 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.08.134 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 683UA UT WOS:000284499500063 ER PT J AU Northup, BK Daniel, JA AF Northup, B. K. Daniel, J. A. TI DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL BULK DENSITY AND ORGANIC MATTER ALONG AN ELEVATION GRADIENT IN CENTRAL OKLAHOMA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Grazing; Tallgrass prairie; Winter wheat ID WHEAT PASTURES; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; ECOLOGICAL DATA; COMPACTION; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; YIELD; INFILTRATION; WAVELETS AB Native prairie and winter wheat are among the primary forage resources used to graze cattle in Oklahonza. Understanding the spatial distribution of soil characteristics is crucial to understanding the function of managed landscapes. This study compared soil bulk density (BD) and organic matter (OM) of experimental paddocks on an upland site in central Oklahoma after 26 years (1978-2004) of different forms of sustained management. Included were grazed, conventionally tilled winter wheat, and three levels of grazing (light stocking rates over long periods, high stocking rates over short periods, and no grazing) applied to tallgrass prairie. Soil cores (25 cm depth) were collected from paddocks under each management regime at 1.5 m intervals along 150 m transects situated between a common ridge and toe slope, and divided into three sections (0-5, 5-10, and 10-25 cm depths). Soil BD and OM were determined, means were tested, and measures of variability in spatial distributions were defined. Soils in the grazed wheat paddock were denser (1.35 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.21 +/- 0.03 Mg m(-3)) and contained less OM (35 +/- 6 vs. 45 +/- 14 g kg(-1)) than soils under native prairie. Management effects on BD and OM were largely confined to the upper 10 cm of soil, with intensive management forms (wheat, high stocking rates) producing denser soils with less OM. Both OM and BD had highly variable distribution patterns in all paddocks, and exhibited patterns that indicate the presence of multiple catenae that comprised the common slope of the study site, with little similarity in distribution of BD or OM across paddocks. Results indicated that developed paddocks should be relatively homogeneous in terms of topography and soils, to improve management and develop effective experimental designs. C1 [Northup, B. K.] USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. [Daniel, J. A.] Bur Land Management, US Dept Interior, Elko, NV USA. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM brian.northup@ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1749 EP 1757 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 702OV UT WOS:000285904900002 ER PT J AU Rhoades, MB Parker, DB Cole, NA Todd, RW Caraway, EA Auvermann, BW Topliff, DR Schuster, GL AF Rhoades, M. B. Parker, D. B. Cole, N. A. Todd, R. W. Caraway, E. A. Auvermann, B. W. Topliff, D. R. Schuster, G. L. TI CONTINUOUS AMMONIA EMISSION MEASUREMENTS FROM A COMMERCIAL BEEF FEEDYARD IN TEXAS SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia; Backward Lagrangian stochastic model; Beef feedyard; CAFO; Chemiluminescence; Emissions; WindTrax ID CATTLE FEEDLOT; CRUDE PROTEIN; DISPERSION TECHNIQUE; URINE; VOLATILIZATION; NITROGEN; PASTURE; EUROPE; MANURE; MODEL AB Ammonia emissions from cattle feedlots pose the potential to react with other compounds such as oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, which lead to detrimental environmental effects. Ambient ammonia (NH(3)) concentrations were measured continuously at a beef cattle feedyard for 12 months beginning in March 2007. Concentrations were measured every 5 min, 24 hours per day, at a sample intake height of 3.3 m using a chemiluminescence analyzer. On-site weather data were collected concurrently. Modeled emissions of NH(3) were compared with the mass balance of N for the feedyard. Mean annual NH(3) concentrations were 0.57 ppm, with a monthly average low of 0.37 ppm in December 2007 and a monthly average high of 0.77 ppm in August 2007. Flux densities were calculated using a backward Lagrangian stochastic model (WindTrax 2.0.7.8). Mean annual flux density was 70.7 mu g m(-2) s(-1) (2.2 kg m(-2) year(-1)). Mean monthly flux density ranged from 42.7 to 123.1 mu g m(-2) s(-1) (0.11 to 0.32 kg m(-2) month(-1)) in November and April 2007, respectively. Both concentration and flux density had a did l distribution with minima during the nighttime hours and maxima during the early afternoon. On an annual basis, 48.8% of fed N was volatilized as NH(3). The inverse modeled daily ammonia production per head was 85.3 g NH(3)-N (head fed)(-1) d(-1). C1 [Rhoades, M. B.; Caraway, E. A.; Topliff, D. R.] W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. [Parker, D. B.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Cole, N. A.; Todd, R. W.] USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. [Auvermann, B. W.] Texas Agri Life Res, Amarillo, TX USA. [Schuster, G. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agron & Resource Sci, Kingsville, TX USA. RP Rhoades, MB (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Sci, WTAMU Box 60998, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. EM mrhoades@wtamu.edu FU USDA-CSREES [TS-2006-06009] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the managers of the participating feedlot for providing space to locate sampling equipment and for supplying supplementary data. This project was funded by USDA-CSREES Project No. TS-2006-06009 entitled "Air Quality: Odor, Dust, and Gaseous Emissions from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in the Southern Great Plains." NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1823 EP 1831 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 702OV UT WOS:000285904900008 ER PT J AU Qin, J Chao, K Kim, MS AF Qin, J. Chao, K. Kim, M. S. TI RAMAN CHEMICAL IMAGING SYSTEM FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY INSPECTION SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Chemical imaging; Food safety; Instrument calibration; Laser; Melamine; Raman spectroscopy ID FT-RAMAN; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DISCRIMINATION; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIA; MELAMINE; FEED AB Raman chemical imaging combines Raman spectroscopy and digital imaging to visualize the composition and structure of a target, and it offers great potential for food safety and quality research. In this study, a laboratory-based Raman chemical imaging platform was designed and developed. The system utilizes a 785 nm spectrum-stabilized laser as an excitation source to generate Raman scattering. The detection module consists of a fiber optic probe, a dispersive Raman imaging spectrometer, and a high-performance spectroscopic CCD camera. The imaging system works in a point-scanning mode. A Raman spectrum is obtained at a time for individual positions in the scene. The specimens are carried by a two-axis motorized positioning table. Hyperspectral image data are accumulated as the samples are moved along two spatial dimensions. The parameterization and data-transfer interface software was developed using LabVIEW. Spectral and spatial calibration procedures are presented. The system covers a Raman shift range of 102.2 to 2538.1 cm(-1) with a spectral resolution of 3.7 cm(-1), and an area of 127 x 127 mm(2) with a spatial resolution as high as 0.1 mm. Performance of the system was demonstrated by an example application on detection of melamine in dry milk. Melamine was mixed into dry milk with concentrations (w/w) ranging from 0.2% to 10.0%. The system was able to create Raman chemical images that can be used to visualize quantity and spatial distribution of melamine particles in the mixtures. The developed system is versatile and can be used for safety and quality inspection of food and agricultural products. C1 [Qin, J.; Chao, K.; Kim, M. S.] USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kevin.chao@ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1873 EP 1882 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 702OV UT WOS:000285904900013 ER PT J AU Purswell, JL Gates, RS Lawrence, LM Davis, JD AF Purswell, J. L. Gates, R. S. Lawrence, L. M. Davis, J. D. TI THERMAL ENVIRONMENT IN A FOUR-HORSE SLANT-LOAD TRAILER SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Animal transport; Horses; Thermal comfort; Thermal environment; Well-being ID ROAD TRANSPORT; LONG-DISTANCE; HORSES; VENTILATION; RESPONSES; SLAUGHTER; STRESS; DESIGN; PIGS; HOT AB Little information has been published describing thermal conditions in horse trailers while in transit. Dry bulb temperature (T-db), globe temperature (T-g), and relative humidity (RH) were measured in ten locations within a fully enclosed four-horse slant-load trailer with and without animals to assess the thermal environment during transport as influenced by vehicle speed and vent configuration. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was calculated to assess thermal comfort. Interior-exterior temperature differences were analyzed to account for effects of changing weather conditions. Temperature differences between the interior of the trailer and ambient conditions for Tdb ranged from 5.1 degrees C to 9.5 degrees C, dew point (T-dp) ranged from 4.4 degrees C to 13 degrees C, and WBGT ranged from 2.9 degrees C to 7.9 degrees C. Temperature differences decreased with increasing vehicle speed and open vent area and increased with animals present. Heat stress conditions are likely to occur in horse trailers of similar design given their limited ventilation and the temperature increases measured in this study, and warrant improvements in trailer design to increase ventilation. C1 [Purswell, J. L.] USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Gates, R. S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lawrence, L. M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY USA. [Davis, J. D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Purswell, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM Joseph.purswell@ars.usda.gov RI Gates, Richard/M-4367-2014 OI Gates, Richard/0000-0003-2812-1739 FU USDA NIFA [W-173] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance and support of Will Adams, Susan Hayes, Bryan Cassill, and Kristin Harvey in conducting these experiments. This study was funded in part by USDA NIFA Multi-State Project W-173: Stress Factors of Farm Animals and Their Effects on Performance, and conducted under University of Kentucky Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Protocol No. 00458A2002. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 EI 2151-0040 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1885 EP 1894 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 702OV UT WOS:000285904900014 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Durso, LM Eigenberg, RA Marx, DB Woodbury, BL AF Gilley, J. E. Durso, L. M. Eigenberg, R. A. Marx, D. B. Woodbury, B. L. TI NUTRIENT TRANSPORT IN RUNOFF AS AFFECTED BY DIET, TILLAGE, AND MANURE APPLICATION RATE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Beef cattle; Feedlots; Manure management; Manure runoff Nitrogen movement; Nutrient losses; Phosphorus; Runoff Water quality; Water quality management ID PHOSPHORUS LEVELS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; DISSOLVED PHOSPHORUS; COMPOST APPLICATION; RAINFALL SIMULATOR; OVERLAND-FLOW; PLOT-SCALE; FERTILIZER; CATTLE; SOIL AB Feedlot operators may increase profitability by including distillers grains in finishing diets. However, the nutrients remaining in the by-product are concentrated by about a factor of three during the distillation process. Manure can be applied to meet single- or multiple-year crop nutrient requirements. The water quality effects of the use of distillers grains in feedlot diets and multiple-year manure application have not been well quantified. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the runoff water quality effects resulting from the application of manure derived from corn and distillers grain diets, (2) examine the effects of till and no-till conditions on runoff nutrient transport, and (3) compare the water quality impacts of 1-, 2-, and 4-year phosphorus (P) based manure application rates. Simulated rainfall events were applied to 0.75 m wide x 2 m long plots soon after manure application. No significant difference in dissolved phosphorus (DP) or total P (TP) load was found between the corn and distillers grain treatments. The runoff load of TP was significantly larger on the no-till plots than on the till plots. The amount of particulate phosphorus (PP), DP, and TP transported in runoff was significantly affected by multi-year application of manure. The TN content of runoff was similar for till and no-till conditions on the plots containing manure obtained from the distillers grain diet. The environmental effects of the use of manure from a distillers grain diet and multiple-year manure application should be considered when developing nutrient management plans. C1 [Gilley, J. E.; Durso, L. M.] Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Eigenberg, R. A.; Woodbury, B. L.] USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. [Marx, D. B.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Stat, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Chase Hall,Room 251, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM John.Gilley@ars.usda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1895 EP 1902 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 702OV UT WOS:000285904900015 ER PT J AU El-Mashad, HM Zhang, R Rumsey, T Hafner, S Montes, F Rotz, CA Arteaga, V Zhao, Y Mitloehner, FM AF El-Mashad, H. M. Zhang, R. Rumsey, T. Hafner, S. Montes, F. Rotz, C. Alan Arteaga, V. Zhao, Y. Mitloehner, F. M. TI A MASS TRANSFER MODEL OF ETHANOL EMISSION FROM THIN LAYERS OF CORN SILAGE SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE LA English DT Article DE Corn silage; Dairy farms; Ethanol emissions; Mass transfer coefficient; Modeling; VOC emissions ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DAIRY-COWS; SPECTROMETRY; AMMONIA; MANURE AB A mass transfer model was developed and validated to predict ethanol emission from thin layers of corn silage. The model was developed using experimental data collected from silage placed in a wind tunnel under different temperatures and air velocities. Data from the wind tunnel experiments were used to derive a multiple regression equation that related the overall mass transfer coefficient of ethanol to temperature and air velocity. Evaluation of the model was done using data collected from experiments conducted in a controlled environmental chamber. Ethanol emission was determined from the ventilation rate of the environmental chamber and ethanol concentration in the chamber exhaust over a 24 It period, measured using a photoacoustic gas analyzer. Ethanol concentration in the silage was also monitored throughout the duration of each experiment. Predicted ethanol emission rates were strongly correlated (R(2) = 0.94) with values measured in the environmental chamber. A high correlation (R(2) = 0.96) was also found between predicted and measured ethanol concentrations in the silage. The model was used to estimate ethanol emission rates from thin layers of lightly packed silage on a dairy farm in California. Model predictions indicate that most of the ethanol contained in the silage could be emitted in the first 10 h after exposing the silage to ambient air temperature (18 degrees C to 35 degrees C) and air velocity (0.1 to 2.0 m s(-1)). C1 [El-Mashad, H. M.; Zhang, R.; Rumsey, T.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [El-Mashad, H. M.] Mansoura Univ, Dept Agr Engn, Mansoura, Egypt. [Hafner, S.; Montes, F.; Rotz, C. Alan] USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA USA. [Arteaga, V.; Zhao, Y.; Mitloehner, F. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM rhzhang@ucdavis.edu RI Hafner, Sasha/N-3970-2013 OI Hafner, Sasha/0000-0003-0955-0327 FU California Air Resources Board (CARB); National Milk Producers Federation FX This research was financially supported by grants from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the National Milk Producers Federation. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 2151-0032 J9 T ASABE JI Trans. ASABE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1903 EP 1909 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 702OV UT WOS:000285904900016 ER PT J AU Adjemian, MK Lin, CYC Williams, J AF Adjemian, Michael K. Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia Williams, Jeffrey TI Estimating spatial interdependence in automobile type choice with survey data SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART A-POLICY AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Vehicle choice modeling; Spatial autocorrelation; Spatial econometrics; Census data; Survey data; Discrete choice ID PUBLIC-TRANSIT; OWNERSHIP; MODELS; BEHAVIOR AB In this article, we show that vehicle type ownership is spatially dependent at both the regional and household-level even after controlling for income and population density. We discuss reasons for the existence of spatial effects in vehicle ownership, and note potential implications for policymakers. Our results point to the importance of spatial relationships in transportation research and highlight the hazards of ignoring their role in affecting transportation outcomes. For example, if vehicle type choice is affected by neighborhood spillovers, agencies that regulate traffic flow and road safety could tailor their choice projections and policy tools to account for such interdependence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Adjemian, Michael K.] ERS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. [Lin, C. -Y. Cynthia; Williams, Jeffrey] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Adjemian, MK (reprint author), 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM madjemian@ers.usda.gov; cclin@primal.ucdavis.edu; williams@primal.ucdavis.edu RI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/M-6342-2014 OI Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia/0000-0003-1014-2101 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-8564 J9 TRANSPORT RES A-POL JI Transp. Res. Pt. A-Policy Pract. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 44 IS 9 BP 661 EP 675 DI 10.1016/j.tra.2010.06.001 PG 15 WC Economics; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Transportation GA 658JD UT WOS:000282485400001 ER PT J AU Jung, KH Cao, PJ Seo, YS Dardick, C Ronald, PC AF Jung, Ki-Hong Cao, Peijian Seo, Young-Su Dardick, Christopher Ronald, Pamela C. TI The Rice Kinase Phylogenomics Database: a guide for systematic analysis of the rice kinase super-family SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESSES; PROTEIN; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS; GENE AB Determination of gene function is particularly problematic when studying large-gene families because redundancy limits the ability to assess the contributions of individual genes experimentally Phylogenomics is a phylogenetic approach used in comparative genomics to predict the biological functions of members of large gene-families by assessing the similarity among gene products In this report, we describe the application of the Rice for elucidating functions of individual members of this gene family C1 [Jung, Ki-Hong; Cao, Peijian; Seo, Young-Su; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jung, Ki-Hong; Cao, Peijian; Ronald, Pamela C.] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94710 USA. [Jung, Ki-Hong; Ronald, Pamela C.] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Plant Mol Syst Biotechnol, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Jung, Ki-Hong; Ronald, Pamela C.] Kyung Hee Univ, Crop Biotech Inst, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Dardick, Christopher] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ronald, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DBI0313887]; National Research Foundation of Korea [2010 0981] FX We thank Dr Blake Meyers and Dr Kan Nobuta for providing MPSS signatures data, Dr Gynheung An for providing the information about T-DNA insertional lines developed in Kyung Hee University, Korea and Dr Harkamal Walia for useful discussions This work was supported by a Department of Energy grant to the Joint Bioenergy Institute (Grant no DE AC02-05CH11231) and a National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (Grant no DBI0313887) to PCR, and a Young Scientist Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant no 2010 0981) to KHJ NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 15 IS 11 BP 595 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.08.004 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 689ZV UT WOS:000284970600002 PM 20832349 ER PT J AU Vereecken, H Weynants, M Javaux, M Pachepsky, Y Schaap, MG van Genuchten, MT AF Vereecken, H. Weynants, M. Javaux, M. Pachepsky, Y. Schaap, M. G. van Genuchten, M. Th. TI Using Pedotransfer Functions to Estimate the van Genuchten-Mualem Soil Hydraulic Properties: A Review SO VADOSE ZONE JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID WATER-RETENTION CURVES; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; PEDO-TRANSFER FUNCTIONS; POROUS-MEDIA; NEURAL-NETWORKS; MOISTURE CHARACTERISTICS; PARAMETRIC MODELS; UNSATURATED SOILS; IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT AB We reviewed the use of the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) model to parameterize soil hydraulic properties and for developing pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Analysis of literature data showed that the moisture retention characteristic (MRC) parameterization by setting shape parameters m = 1 - 1/n produced the largest deviations between fitted and measured water contents for pressure head values between 330 (log(10) pressure head [pF] 2.5) and 2500 cm (pF 3.4). The Schaap-van Genuchten model performed best in describing the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K. The classical VGM model using fixed parameters produced increasingly higher root mean squared residual, RMSR, values when the soil became drier. The most accurate PTFs for estimating the MRC were obtained when using textural properties, bulk density, soil organic matter, and soil moisture content. The RMSR values for these PTFs approached those of the direct fit, thus suggesting a need to improve both PTFs and the MRC parameterization. Inclusion of the soil water content in the PTFs for K only marginally improved their prediction compared with the PTFs that used only textural properties and bulk density. Including soil organic matter to predict K had more effect on the prediction than including soil moisture. To advance the development of PTFs, we advocate the establishment of databases of soil hydraulic properties that (i) are derived from standardized and harmonized measurement procedures, (ii) contain new predictors such as soil structural properties, and (iii) allow the development of time-dependent PTFs. Successful use of structural properties in PTFs will require parameterizations that account for the effect of structural properties on the soil hydraulic functions. C1 [Vereecken, H.; Javaux, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere Inst, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Weynants, M.; Javaux, M.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Earth & Life Inst Environm Sci, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Pachepsky, Y.] ARS, USDA, Environm Microbial & Food Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Schaap, M. G.] Univ Arizona, Dep Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [van Genuchten, M. Th.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dep Mech Engn, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Vereecken, H (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Agrosphere Inst, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphere, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM h.vereecken@fz-juelich.de RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Javaux, Mathieu/D-8200-2012; OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Javaux, Mathieu/0000-0002-6168-5467; Weynants, Melanie/0000-0002-1447-0105 FU Transregional Collaborative Research Centre FX Attila Nemes (Agricultural Research Station, Beltsville, MD), Wim Cornelis (University of Ghent, Belgium), Christine Stumpp (University of California, Riverside), Navin Kumar Twarakavi (University of Alabama at Auburn) and Christen Borgesen (University of Aarhus, Denmark) are gratefully thanked for providing the original data. We thank the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre, TR-32, "Patterns in Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Systems: Monitoring, Modelling and Data Assimilation" for supporting this research. NR 135 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 14 U2 164 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 1539-1663 J9 VADOSE ZONE J JI Vadose Zone J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 4 BP 795 EP 820 DI 10.2136/vzj2010.0045 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 726PY UT WOS:000287739800001 ER PT J AU Arzt, J Pacheco, JM Rodriguez, LL AF Arzt, J. Pacheco, J. M. Rodriguez, L. L. TI The Early Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Cattle After Aerosol Inoculation: Identification of the Nasopharynx as the Primary Site of Infection SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol; bovine; cattle; foot-and-mouth disease; pathogenesis; virus ID BOVINE-TISSUES; VIRUS; HYBRIDIZATION; LOCALIZATION; OPTIMIZATION; ANTIBODY AB To characterize the early events of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cattle subsequent to simulated natural exposure, 16 steers were aerosol inoculated with FMDV and euthanized at various times. Samples were collected from each steer antemortem (serum, nasal swabs, and oral swabs) and postmortem (up to 40 tissues per animal) and screened for FMDV by virus isolation and for FMDV RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Tissues that tested positive for FMDV or viral RNA were examined by immunohistochemistry and multichannel immunofluorescence microscopy. In previremic steers, FMDV was most consistently localized to nasopharyngeal tissues, thereby indicating this region as the most important site of primary viral replication. The earliest site of microscopic localization of FMDV antigens was the lymphoid follicle-associated epithelium of the pharyngeal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the nasopharynx at 6 hours postaerosolization. At early time points after aerosol inoculation, viral antigens colocalized with cytokeratin-positive pharyngeal epithelial cells; intraepithelial FMDV-negative, MHCII/CD11c-double-positive dendritic cells were present in close proximity to FMDV-positive cells. Onset of viremia coincided with marked increase of viral loads in pulmonary tissues and with substantial decrease of viral detection in nasopharyngeal tissues. These data indicate that subsequent to aerogenous exposure to FMDV, the temporally defined critical pathogenesis events involve (1) primary replication in epithelial cells of the pharyngeal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue crypts and (2) subsequent widespread replication in pneumocytes in the lungs, which coincides with (3) the establishment of sustained viremia. C1 [Arzt, J.; Pacheco, J. M.; Rodriguez, L. L.] USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. [Arzt, J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Arzt, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Foreign Anim Dis Res Unit, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM jonathan.arzt@ars.usda.gov OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201; Arzt, Jonathan/0000-0002-7517-7893 FU Agricultural Research Service-Current Research Information System [1940-32000-052-00D] FX This research was funded by Agricultural Research Service-Current Research Information System project No. 1940-32000-052-00D. We wish to acknowledge Meghan Tucker for superb histotechnological support and Elizabeth Bishop, Ethan Hartwig, and George Smoliga for crucial assistance in collecting and processing samples. We also thank the animal resource unit personnel at the Plum Island Animal Disease Center for their patience and assistance in caring for and collecting samples from experimental animals. We thank Dr Manuel Borca and Dr Fawzi Mohammed for thoughtful review of the article. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 6 BP 1048 EP 1063 DI 10.1177/0300985810372509 PG 16 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 689WP UT WOS:000284961900006 PM 20587691 ER PT J AU Blakesley, JA Seamans, ME Conner, MM Franklin, AB White, GC Gutierrez, RJ Hines, JE Nichols, JD Munton, TE Shaw, DWH Keane, JJ Steger, GN McDonald, TL AF Blakesley, Jennifer A. Seamans, Mark E. Conner, Mary M. Franklin, Alan B. White, Gary C. Gutierrez, R. J. Hines, James E. Nichols, James D. Munton, Thomas E. Shaw, Daniel W. H. Keane, John J. Steger, George N. McDonald, Trent L. TI Population Dynamics of Spotted Owls in the Sierra Nevada, California SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE annual rate of population change; California spotted owl; meta-analysis; population dynamics; reproductive output; Sierra Nevada; Strix occidentalis occidentalis; survival rates ID STRIX-OCCIDENTALIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; DENSITY DEPENDENCE; GROWTH RATE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BREEDING DISPERSAL; TEMPORAL VARIATION; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MARKED ANIMALS; RECAPTURE DATA AB The California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) is the only spotted owl subspecies not listed as threatened or endangered under the United States Endangered Species Act despite petitions to list it as threatened. We conducted a meta-analysis of population data for 4 populations in the southern Cascades and Sierra Nevada, California, USA, from 1990 to 2005 to assist a listing evaluation by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Our study areas (from N to S) were on the Lassen National Forest (LAS), Eldorado National Forest (ELD), Sierra National Forest (SIE), and Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SKC). These study areas represented a broad spectrum of habitat and management conditions in these mountain ranges. We estimated apparent survival probability, reproductive output, and rate of population change for spotted owls on individual study areas and for all study areas combined (meta-analysis) using model selection or model-averaging based on maximum-likelihood estimation. We followed a formal protocol to conduct this analysis that was similar to other spotted owl meta-analyses. Consistency of field and analytical methods among our studies reduced confounding methodological effects when evaluating results. We used 991 marked spotted owls in the analysis of apparent survival. Apparent survival probability was higher for adult than for subadult owls. There was little difference in apparent survival between male and female owls. Model-averaged mean estimates of apparent survival probability of adult owls varied from 0.811 +/- 0.021 for females at LAS to 0.890 +/- 0.016 for males at SKC. Apparent survival increased over time for owls of all age classes at LAS and SIE, for adults at ELD, and for second-year subadults and adults at SKC. The meta-analysis of apparent survival, which included only adult owls, confirmed an increasing trend in survival over time. Survival rates were higher for owls on SKC than on the other study areas. We analyzed data from 1,865 observations of reproductive outcomes for female spotted owls. The proportion of subadult females among all territorial females of known age ranged from 0.00 to 0.25 among study areas and years. The proportion of subadults among female spotted owls was negatively related to reproductive output (no. of young fledged/territorial F owl) for ELD and SIE. Eldorado study area and LAS showed an alternate-year trend in reproductive output, with higher output in even-numbered years. Mean annual reproductive output was 0.988 +/- 0.154 for ELD, 0.624 +/- 0.140 for LAS, 0.478 +/- 0.106 for SIE, and 0.555 +/- 0.110 for SKC. Eldorado Study Area exhibited a declining trend and the greatest variation in reproductive output over time, whereas SIE and SKC, which had the lowest reproductive output, had the lowest temporal variation. Meta-analysis confirmed that reproductive output varied among study areas. Reproductive output was highest for adults, followed by second-year subadults, and then by first-year subadults. We used 842 marked subadult and adult owls to estimate population rate of change. Modeling indicated that lambda(t) (lambda(t) is the finite rate of population change estimated using the reparameterized Jolly-Seber estimator [Pradel 1996]) was either stationary (LAS and SIE) or increasing after an initial decrease (ELD and SKC). Mean estimated lt for the 4 study areas was 1.007 (95% CI 5 0.952-1.066) for ELD; 0.973 (95% CI 5 0.946-1.001) for LAS; 0.992 (95% CI 5 0.966-1.018) for SIE; and 1.006 (95% CI 5 0.947-1.068) for SKC. The best meta-analysis model of population trend indicated that l varied across time but was similar in trend among the study areas. Our estimates of realized population change (Delta Franklin et al. 2004), which we estimated as the product 1 x (lambda) over cap (3) x (lambda) over cap (1) x ... x (lambda) over cap (k-1), were based on estimates of lambda(t) from individual study areas and did not require estimating annual population size for each study area. Trends represented the proportion of the population size in the first year that remained in each subsequent year. Similar to (lambda) over cap (t) on which they were based, these (Delta) over cap (t) showed evidence of decline over the study period for LAS and SIE. The best model indicated recruitment of male and female adult and subadults varied from 0.10 to 0.31 new territorial individuals at time t/number of territorial individuals at time t - 1 and similarly among areas. We also conducted a population viability analysis (PVA) based on results of our meta-analysis. This PVA was of limited utility for ELD and SKC study areas because 95% confidence intervals on the probability of decline or increase spanned the interval [0, 1] within 5-10 years. When we restricted inferences to 7 years, estimated probability of a >10% decline for SIE was 0.41 (95% CI 5 0.09-0.78); for LAS the probability was 0.64 (95% CI 5 0.27-0.94). In contrast, estimated probability of a >10% increase in 7 years for SIE was 0.23 (95% CI 5 0.01-0.55) and for LAS was 0.10 (95% CI 5 0.00-0.34). For comparisons, we simulated a PVA for a hypothetical population with mean lambda = 1.0 and the same temporal variation as observed in our owl populations. Our PVA suggested that both the SIE and LAS populations had higher probabilities of declining in a 7-year period than increasing but that it would be difficult to determine if a population was in a slight gradual decline. Our analysis and the repository of information on our 4 study populations provide a data-rich template for managers to monitor impacts of future management actions on the owl. Specifically, our data can be used to evaluate the effect of management strategies on spotted owls that are being implemented by the United States Forest Service to reduce the risk of wildfire in the Sierra Nevada ecosystem. Our information also provides baseline information for evaluating the status of the owl for potential listing as a threatened species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. C1 [Blakesley, Jennifer A.; Franklin, Alan B.; White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Seamans, Mark E.; Gutierrez, R. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Conner, Mary M.] Utah State Univ, Dept Wildland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hines, James E.; Nichols, James D.] US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Munton, Thomas E.; Steger, George N.] US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. [Shaw, Daniel W. H.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Keane, John J.] US Forest Serv, Sierra Nevada Res Ctr, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [McDonald, Trent L.] WEST Inc, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. RP Blakesley, JA (reprint author), Rocky Mt Bird Observ, POB 1232, Brighton, CO 80601 USA. EM mconner@fs.fed.us RI McDonald, Trent/F-2885-2014 OI McDonald, Trent/0000-0001-7608-6988 FU USFS; USFWS; USFS Region 5; Pacific Southwest Research Station; California Department of Fish and Game; California Department of Natural Resources FX We thank the many field biologists who worked on our studies over many years. R. Al-Chockachy, K. Murray, T. Hamer, and G. Olson assisted with data analysis at the meta-analysis workshop, J. Clarke and K. Wolfe provided logistical support during the workshop, and L. Erickson provided additional technical support. S. Britting attended the workshop and represented environmental stakeholders. B. Noon was the principal investigator for the Lassen Study during the early and middle parts of that study. C. Phillips provided technical assistance on drafts of this paper. Funding for our analysis was provided by the USFS and USFWS. Funding for the individual field studies was primarily from USFS Region 5, the Pacific Southwest Research Station, the California Department of Fish and Game, and the California Department of Natural Resources. We thank D. Karayiannis and V. Maisier for providing Spanish and French abstracts, respectively. NR 76 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 40 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 174 BP 1 EP 36 PG 36 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 678DW UT WOS:000284053800001 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, C. M. TI Zearalenone occurrence and human exposure SO WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE zearalenone; zearalenol; tolerable daily intake; human health; exposure assessments ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FUSARIUM-TOXINS DEOXYNIVALENOL; AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; OCHRATOXIN-A; ESTROGENIC MYCOTOXIN; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIETARY EXPOSURE AB Among the mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEA) is of interest because of the oestrogenic effects that it, and certain of its metabolites possess The fungi that produce ZEA are found worldwide, particularly in cereal grains and derived products This has prompted many surveys to detect these compounds in commodities and foods As a result, the widespread occurrence of ZEA in foods is well documented Previous summaries including extensive reports by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), the European Commission's Scientific Cooperation on Questions Relating to Food (SCOOP), and others, have provided significant information on the occurrence of ZEA in commodities and foods Publication of occurrence data has continued at a rapid pace, and certain of that data, as well as highlights from previous intake and exposure assessments, are summarised herein Comparing estimates of intake (exposure) with previous estimates of tolerable daily intakes, suggests that, for many of the countries where exposure assessments have been done, the populations are exposed to levels that would be considered safe The situation may be different in populations that consume large quantities of foods that are susceptible to contamination, or in instances where contamination is atypically high For much of the world estimates of exposure have not been reported, meaning that for much of the world, the true extent of the relevance of ZEA to human health remains uncharacterised C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 122 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA PO BOX 220, WAGENINGEN, 6700 AE, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0710 EI 1875-0796 J9 WORLD MYCOTOXIN J JI World Mycotoxin J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 4 SI SI BP 369 EP 383 DI 10.3920/WMJ2010.1240 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Mycology; Toxicology GA 683RY UT WOS:000284494100005 ER PT J AU Xu, M Bower, KA Wang, SY Frank, JA Chen, G Ding, M Wang, SO Shi, XL Ke, ZJ Luo, J AF Xu, Mei Bower, Kimberly A. Wang, Siying Frank, Jacqueline A. Chen, Gang Ding, Min Wang, Shiow Shi, Xianglin Ke, Zunji Luo, Jia TI Cyanidin-3-Glucoside inhibits ethanol-induced invasion of breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2 SO MOLECULAR CANCER LA English DT Article ID FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; OVER-EXPRESSING ERBB2; IN-VITRO; SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; TUMOR-GROWTH; MIGRATION; RISK; METABOLISM; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Background: Ethanol is a tumor promoter. Both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that ethanol may enhance the metastasis of breast cancer cells. We have previously demonstrated that ethanol increased the migration/invasion of breast cancer cells expressing high levels of ErbB2. Amplification of ErbB2 is found in 20-30% of breast cancer patients and is associated with poor prognosis. We sought to identify agents that can prevent or ameliorate ethanol-induced invasion of breast cancer cells. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin present in many vegetables and fruits, is a potent natural antioxidant. Ethanol exposure causes the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study evaluated the effect of C3G on ethanol-induced breast cancer cell migration/invasion. Results: C3G attenuated ethanol-induced migration/invasion of breast cancer cells expressing high levels of ErbB2 (BT474, MDA-MB231 and MCF7(ErbB2)) in a concentration dependent manner. C3G decreased ethanol-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as the amount of focal adhesions and the formation of lamellipodial protrusion. It inhibited ethanol-stimulated phosphorylation of ErbB2, cSrc, FAK and p130(Cas), as well as interactions among these proteins. C3G abolished ethanol-mediated p130(Cas)/JNK interaction. Conclusions: C3G blocks ethanol-induced activation of the ErbB2/cSrc/FAK pathway which is necessary for cell migration/invasion. C3G may be beneficial in preventing/reducing ethanol-induced breast cancer metastasis. C1 [Xu, Mei; Bower, Kimberly A.; Wang, Siying; Frank, Jacqueline A.; Chen, Gang; Luo, Jia] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Wang, Siying] Anhui Med Univ, Dept Pathophysiol, Sch Basic Med, Hefei 230032, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Ding, Min] NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Wang, Shiow] USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Shi, Xianglin] Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Ke, Zunji] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Inst Nutr Sci, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. RP Luo, J (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM jialuo888@uky.edu RI Ke, Zunji/E-4822-2010; Shi, Xianglin/B-8588-2012; Luo, Jia/E-4674-2012; Ke, Zun-Ji/N-5689-2014 OI Ke, Zunji/0000-0003-4038-2456; Ke, Zun-Ji/0000-0003-4038-2456 FU National Institutes of Health [AA01540, AA017226] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AA01540 and AA017226). NR 42 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-4598 J9 MOL CANCER JI Mol. Cancer PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 9 AR 285 DI 10.1186/1476-4598-9-285 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 678TK UT WOS:000284103600001 PM 21034468 ER PT J AU Freeman, JM Kappmeyer, LS Ueti, MW McElwain, TF Baszler, TV Echaide, I Nene, VM Knowles, DP AF Freeman, Jeanne M. Kappmeyer, Lowell S. Ueti, Massaro W. McElwain, Terry F. Baszler, Timothy V. Echaide, Ignacio Nene, Vishvanath M. Knowles, Donald P. TI A Babesia bovis gene syntenic to Theileria parva p67 is expressed in blood and tick stage parasites SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Babesia bovis; Theileria parva; p67; Synteny; Comparative genomics ID THEILERIA-PARVA SPOROZOITES; RHIPICEPHALUS BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS; NEUTRALIZING DETERMINANTS; TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION; VACCINE ANTIGEN; GENOME SEQUENCE; SURFACE PROTEIN; ANTIBODIES; CATTLE; ANNULATA AB Completion of the Babesia bovis (T2Bo strain) genome provides detailed data concerning the predicted proteome of this parasite, and allows for a bioinformatics approach to gene discovery. Comparative genomics of the hemoprotozoan parasites B. bovis and Theileria parva revealed a highly conserved syntenic block of genes flanking the p67 gene of T. parva. a sporozoite stage-specific vaccine candidate against East Coast fever (ECF). The syntenic gene in B. bovis, designated bov57, encodes a protein of limited amino acid sequence identity (11.8%) to p67. Monoclonal antibodies were produced against recombinant BOV57 and were used to demonstrate expression of BOV57 in merozoite and kinete stages of the T2Bo strain of B. bovis. Transcript levels of bov57 in kinetes were increased 100-fold in comparison to msa-1, a previously identified gene encoding an erythrocyte stage surface protein. Amino acid sequence comparisons between the T2Bo strain and two attenuated and virulent strains from Argentina and Australia revealed a high degree of sequence conservation in BOV57 among these geographically and pathogenically divergent isolates (97% amino acid sequence identity). Additional genomic comparisons show that the bov57 gene locus is also conserved in Babesia bigemina and Babesia equi. While not identifiable through amino acid or nucleotide sequence similarity, the conserved gene order within this locus in multiple piroplasms may suggest a critical function adapted for each species' unique host and life-cycle. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Freeman, Jeanne M.] ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. [Kappmeyer, Lowell S.; Ueti, Massaro W.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [McElwain, Terry F.; Baszler, Timothy V.; Knowles, Donald P.] Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Echaide, Ignacio] Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, RA-2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Nene, Vishvanath M.] Int Livestock Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Freeman, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM jeanne.freeman@ars.usda.gov FU Wellcome Trust [GR075800]; U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS-ADRU [5348-32000-028-00D] FX We gratefully acknowledge Bruce Mathison for his assistance producing monoclonal antibodies and Gerhard Munske for assistance with protein sequence verification. The authors also thank Dr. Russell Bock at the Tick Fever Center, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland, Australia and Dr. Audrey Lau for providing DNA from the Australian strains of B. bovis, Dr. Carlos Suarez for providing cDNA for RACE experiments, and Paul Lacy for his excellent technical support. We thank Dr. John Pruett and Dr. Glen Scoles for their critical review of this manuscript. This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Grant GR075800 and U.S. Department of Agriculture-ARS-ADRU project 5348-32000-028-00D. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 EI 1873-2550 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 173 IS 3-4 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.024 PG 8 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 684BK UT WOS:000284521800006 PM 20638797 ER PT J AU Droege, S Rightmyer, MG Sheffield, CS Brady, SG AF Droege, Sam Rightmyer, Molly G. Sheffield, Cory S. Brady, Sean G. TI New synonymies in the bee genus Nomada from North America (Hymenoptera: Apidae) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Nomadinae; Nomadini; DNA barcoding; taxonomy ID SPECIES-GROUP HYMENOPTERA AB We provide diagnostic morphological characters to help distinguish males and females of the following species of Nomada: N. augustiana Mitchell, N. bethunei Cockerell, N. fervida Smith, N. fragariae Mitchell, N. lehighensis Cockerell, N. texana Cresson, and N. tiftonensis Cockerell. Based on morphological and DNA barcoding evidence we newly synonymize the following species: N. heligbrodtii Cresson (under N. texana), N. indusata Mitchell (under N. augustiana), N. kingstonensis Mitchell (under N. lehighensis), N. pseudops Cockerell (under N. bethunei), and N. wisconsinensis Graenicher (under N. fervida). We provide full descriptions of the female of N. fragariae and the male of N. lehighensis, both of which were not previously known, and newly designate the lectotype of N. wisconsinensis. We additionally provide comments on the distribution, flight times, and host associations for the treated species. C1 [Droege, Sam] US Geol Survey, BARC EAST, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Rightmyer, Molly G.] Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Pollinating Insects Res Unit, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Rightmyer, Molly G.; Brady, Sean G.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Dept Entomol, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Sheffield, Cory S.] York Univ, Dept Biol, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Droege, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, BARC EAST, Bldg 308,Room 124,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM sdroege@usgs.gov; molly_rightmyer@yahoo.com; corys@yorku.ca; bradys@si.edu FU Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute); NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); Smithsonian Institution FX We thank E.A.B. Almeida and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. We also thank the individuals and institutions listed above, who generously shared material for this project. Specimens contributed from York University were barcoded at BIO (Biodiversity Institute of Ontario); this work was supported through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through the Ontario Genomics Institute), NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca. This contribution was also supported by the Smithsonian Institution Postdoctoral Fellowship in Molecular Evolution (awarded to MGR). NR 34 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD OCT 29 PY 2010 IS 2661 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 677RG UT WOS:000284008900001 ER PT J AU Mohammed, H Ramos, M Armstrong, J Munoz-Jordan, J Arnold-Lewis, KO Ayala, A Clark, GG Tull, ES Beatty, ME AF Mohammed, Hamish Ramos, Mary Armstrong, Julie Munoz-Jordan, Jorge Arnold-Lewis, Kathleen O. Ayala, Aurimar Clark, Gary G. Tull, Eugene S. Beatty, Mark E. TI An Outbreak of Dengue Fever in St. Croix (US Virgin Islands), 2005 SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; VIRUSES; DISEASE; CUBA; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIC; SEROTYPE AB Background: Periodic outbreaks of dengue fever occur in the United States Virgin Islands. In June 2005, an outbreak of dengue virus (DENV) serotype-2 with cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) was detected in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands. The objective of this report is to describe this outbreak of DENV-2 and the findings of a case-control study examining risk factors for DHF. Metho